Note 1. Background and Basis of Presentation

Company and Background

Chegg, Inc. (Chegg, the Company, we, us, or our), headquartered in Santa Clara, California, was incorporated as a Delaware corporation on July 29, 2005. Chegg is the leading student-first connected learning platform, empowering students to take control of their education to save time, save money and get smarter. We are driven by our passion to help students become active consumers in the educational process. Our integrated platform, which we call the Student Hub, offers products and services that students need throughout the college lifecycle, from choosing a college through graduation and beyond. Our Student Graph builds on the information generated through students’ and other participants’ use of our platform to increasingly enrich the experience for participants as it grows in scale and power the Student Hub. By helping students learn more in less time and at a lower cost, we help them improve the overall return on investment in education. In 2013, nearly seven million students used our platform.  

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2014, the condensed consolidated statements of operations and, the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, and the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 and the related footnote disclosures are unaudited. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments, including normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly our financial position as of June 30, 2014 and our results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 and cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2014. The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 and cash flows for the six months June 30, 2014 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

We operate in a single segment. Our fiscal year ends on December 31 and in this report we refer to the year ended December 31, 2013 as 2013.

The condensed consolidated financial statements and related financial information should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto for 2013, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2013 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC).

There have been no material changes to our significant accounting policies as compared to the significant accounting policies described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Reverse Stock Split

In August 2013, our board of directors and stockholders approved an amendment to our certificate of incorporation to effect a two-for-three reverse split of our common stock. The record date of the reverse stock split was September 3, 2013, the date the amendment to our certificate of incorporation was filed with the Delaware Secretary of State. In accordance with our certificate of incorporation, the conversion ratios of the convertible preferred stock were adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split. The number of outstanding shares of convertible preferred stock was not adjusted. Additionally, the par value and the authorized shares of common stock and convertible preferred stock were not adjusted as a result of the reverse stock split. The reverse stock split has been reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes on a retroactive basis for all periods presented.

Initial Public Offering

In November 2013, we completed our initial public offering (IPO), whereby 14,400,000 shares of common stock were sold to the public at a price of $12.50 per share.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (U.S. GAAP) requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities; the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements; and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant estimates, assumptions and judgments are used for, but not limited to: revenue recognition, recoverability of accounts receivable, determination of the useful lives and salvage value related to our textbook library, valuation of preferred stock warrants, and stock-based compensation expense including estimated forfeitures, accounting for income taxes, useful lives assigned to long-lived assets for depreciation and amortization, impairment of goodwill and long-lived assets, and the valuation of acquired intangible assets. We base our estimates on historical experience, knowledge of current business conditions and various other factors we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. These estimates are based on management’s knowledge about current events and expectations about actions we may undertake in the future. Actual results could differ from these estimates, and such differences could be material to our financial position and results of operations.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASU 2014-09). This standard outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. ASU 2014-09 provides companies with two implementation methods. Companies can choose to apply the standard retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented (full retrospective application) or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the standard as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings of the annual reporting period that includes the date of initial application (modified retrospective application). This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within that reporting period, and early application is not permitted. We are currently in the process of evaluating this new guidance.

Note 2. Net Loss per Share

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, less the weighted-average unvested common stock subject to repurchase or forfeiture. Diluted net loss per share is computed by giving effect to all potential shares of common stock, including stock options, warrants, RSUs and convertible preferred stock prior to its conversion in our IPO, to the extent dilutive. Basic and diluted net loss per share was the same for each period presented as the inclusion of all potential common shares outstanding would have been anti-dilutive.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share (in thousands, except per share amounts):

The following potential common shares outstanding were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share because including them would have been anti-dilutive (in thousands):

Note 3. Cash and Cash Equivalents, Investments and Restricted Cash

The following tables show our cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and investments’ adjusted cost, unrealized gain (loss) and fair value (in thousands):

The amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale investments as of June 30, 2014 by contractual maturity were as follows (in thousands):

Investments not due at a single maturity date in the preceding table consist of money market fund deposits.

As of June 30, 2014, we considered the declines in market value of our investment portfolio to be temporary in nature and did not consider any of our investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired. We typically invest in highly-rated securities with a minimum credit rating of A- and a weighted average maturity of nine months, and our investment policy generally limits the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer. The policy requires investments generally to be investment grade, with the primary objective of preserving capital and maintaining liquidity. Fair values were determined for each individual security in the investment portfolio. When evaluating an investment for other-than-temporary impairment, we review factors such as the length of time and extent to which fair value has been below its cost basis, the financial condition of the issuer and any changes thereto, changes in market interest rates, and our intent to sell, or whether it is more likely than not it will be required to sell, the investment before recovery of the investment’s cost basis. During the six months ended June 30, 2014, we did not recognize any impairment charges.

Note 4. Fair Value Measurement

We have established a fair value hierarchy used to determine the fair value of our financial instruments as follows:

Level 1—Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2—Inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the assets or liabilities, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instruments.

Level 3—Inputs are unobservable inputs based on our own assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value; the inputs require significant management judgment or estimation.

A financial instrument’s classification within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Financial instruments measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are classified based on the valuation technique level in the tables below (in thousands):

We value our marketable securities based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1 inputs) or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable either directly or indirectly (Level 2 inputs) in determining fair value. We classify all of our fixed income available-for-sale securities as having Level 2 inputs. The valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of our financial instruments having Level 2 inputs were derived from non-binding market consensus prices that are corroborated by observable market data, quoted market prices for similar instruments, or pricing models such as discounted cash flow techniques.

The following table summarizes the change in the fair value of our Level 3 liabilities (in thousands):

As of June 30, 2014, we did not have observable inputs for the valuation of our put option liability, which relates to a previous acquisition, and provides certain employees of the acquired company the right to require us to acquire vested common shares at a stated contractual price. As shares associated with these put options vest, the liability is recognized as stock-based compensation expense in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and results in a change in our Level 3 liabilities.

The methods described above may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. Furthermore, while we believe our valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different fair value measurement at the reporting date.

Note 5. Acquisition

On June 5, 2014, we acquired 100% of the outstanding shares and voting interest of InstaEDU, Inc. (InstaEDU), headquartered in San Francisco, California. With this acquisition, we aimed to expand our digital offerings to help students excel in school by including real time tutoring services. We see the acquisition of InstaEDU as a method to connect the book offering and service offerings of Chegg together. The total fair value of the purchase consideration was $31.1 million in cash, which included $4.5 million, placed into an escrow, for general representations and warranties, and will be released 18 months from the closing date of the acquisition.

On April 9, 2014, we acquired 100% of the outstanding shares and voting interest of The Campus Special, LLC and The Campus Special Food, LLC (together, the Campus Special), headquartered in Duluth, Georgia for a total fair value purchase consideration of $16.0 million, consisting of $14 million in cash, 250,000 in shares, which were placed in escrow for general representations and warranties and will be released one year from acquisition date, and a fair value contingent consideration of 250,000 shares of common stock, which is payable on the attainment of certain performance metrics. With the Campus Special acquisition, we aimed to expand our offerings to students to include coupon specials on consumer goods and services. The probability-weighted fair value contingent consideration was recorded in other accrued liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of the date of acquisition, and we will record any future fair value adjustments to other acquisition costs.

The acquisition date fair value of the consideration for the above two transactions consisted of the following as of June 30, 2014 (in thousands):

The fair value of the intangible assets acquired was determined under the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations. The excess of purchase consideration paid over the fair value of identifiable intangible assets acquired was recorded as goodwill.  

The following table summarizes the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired as of June 30, 2014 (in thousands):

For the three months ended June 30, 2014, we incurred $0.5 million of acquisition-related expenses associated with the acquisitions which have been included in general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

On March 7, 2014, we acquired certain assets from Bookstep LLC, (Bookstep) a California limited liability company to expand our technical resources and research and development capabilities. The total fair value of the purchase consideration was $0.5 million. In addition, the agreement requires the payment of approximately $2.5 million in cash, payable over two years contingent upon the continuation of services by a certain number of consultants during the period after acquisition. The fair value of the subsequent payments was $2.5 million, which is being accounted for as post-combination compensation expense.

The results of operations have been included in our condensed consolidated results of operations from the date of acquisition for the above acquisitions. These acquisitions were not material, to our results in the period of acquisition.

The fair value of the intangible assets acquired was determined under the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations. The excess of purchase consideration paid over the fair value of identifiable intangible assets acquired was recorded as goodwill.

The following table summarizes the fair value of the identifiable intangible assets acquired during the three months ended March 31, 2014 (in thousands):

The amounts recorded for goodwill related to the Campus Special and Bookstep transactions are expected to be deductible for tax purposes. The amount recorded for goodwill related to the InstaEDU transaction is not deductible for tax purposes.

Note 6. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill consists of the following (in thousands):

Intangible assets consist of the following (in thousands):

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, amortization expense related to our acquired intangible assets totaled approximately $1.0 million and $1.6 million, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2013, amortization expense related to our acquired intangible assets totaled approximately $1.2 million and $2.7 million, respectively.

As of June 30, 2014, the estimated future amortization expense related to our intangible assets, subject to amortization, is as follows (in thousands):

Note 7. Debt Obligations

In May 2012, we entered into a term loan facility with the aggregate principal of $20.0 million, (“the Term Loan”), with interest payable on a monthly basis at the rate of 11.5%. In connection with the Term Loan, we issued preferred stock warrants to the lender. In August 2013, we repaid the loan in full, including the outstanding principal balance of $20.0 million and an end-of-term fee of $850,000.

On June 30, 2014 we amended the revolving credit facility, which was originally entered into on August 12, 2013 to reduce the facility to $40.0 million with an accordion feature subject to certain financial criteria that would allow us to draw down to $75.0 million in total. The revolving credit facility carries, at our election, a base interest rate of the greater of the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.5% or one-month LIBOR plus 1%, or Prime, or a LIBOR based interest rate plus additional interest of up to 4.5% depending on our leverage ratio. The revolving credit facility will expire on August 12, 2016. The revolving credit facility requires us to repay the outstanding balance at expiration, or to prepay the outstanding balance, if certain reporting and financial covenants are not maintained. These financial covenants are as follows: (1) maintain specified quarterly levels of consolidated EBITDA, which is defined as net income (loss) before tax plus interest expense, provision for (benefit from) income taxes, depreciation and amortization expense, non-cash stock-based compensation expense and costs and expenses not to exceed $2.0 million in closing fees related to the revolving credit facility; and (2) maintain a leverage ratio greater than 1.5 to 1.0 as of the end of each quarter, based on the ratio of the consolidated outstanding debt balance to consolidated EBITDA for the period of the four fiscal quarters most recently ended. As of June 30, 2014, we were in compliance with these financial covenants. On August 12, 2013, we drew down $21.0 million in proceeds from this credit facility and with these proceeds we repaid our $20.0 million Term Loan in full. On October 18, 2013, we drew down an additional $10.0 million in proceeds. On November 18, 2013, we repaid the $31.0 million outstanding balance in full.

Note 8. Commitments and Contingencies

We lease our office and warehouse facilities under operating leases, which expire at various dates through 2019. Our primary operating lease commitments at June 30, 2014, related to our headquarters in Santa Clara, California, and our warehouse in Shepardsville, Kentucky. We recognize rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease period. Where leases contain escalation clauses, rent abatements, or concessions, such as rent holidays and landlord or tenant incentives or allowances, we apply them in the determination of straight-line rent expense over the lease term. Rental expense, net of sublease income was approximately $0.8 million and $0.7 million, in the three months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and $1.6 million and $1.4 million in the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

From time to time, third parties may assert patent infringement claims against us in the form of letters, litigation, or other forms of communication. In addition, from time to time, we may be subject to other legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business, including claims of alleged infringement of trademarks, copyrights, and other intellectual property rights; employment claims; and general contract or other claims. We may, from time to time, also be subject to various legal or government claims, disputes, or investigations. Such matters may include, but not be limited to, claims, disputes, or investigations related to warranty, refund, breach of contract, employment, intellectual property, government regulation, or compliance or other matters.

In July 2010, the Kentucky Tax Authority issued a property tax assessment of approximately $1.0 million related to our textbook library located in our Kentucky warehouse for the 2009 and 2010 tax years under audit. In March 2011, we filed a protest with the Kentucky Board of Tax Appeals that was rejected in March 2012. In September 2012, we filed a complaint seeking declaratory rights against the Commonwealth of Kentucky in the Bullitt Circuit Court of Kentucky, and that case was subsequently dismissed in favor of administration remedies with the Kentucky Tax Authority. We received a final Notice of Tax due in October 2012 from the Kentucky Tax Authority and we appealed this notice in November 2012 with the Kentucky Board of Tax Appeals. In May 2013, we presented an Offer in Judgment to the Tax Authority of approximately $150,000, excluding tax and penalties, an amount that we have accrued for the two years under audit. We accrued this amount as of December 31, 2012. We appealed to the Kentucky Board of Tax Appeals on July 23, 2013 and the Board issued a ruling in favor of the Department of Revenue on January 13, 2014. On February 7, 2014, we filed an appeal to the Franklin Circuit Court in Kentucky and on June 17, 2014 the court held in abeyance our motion to appeal. Due to the preliminary status and uncertainties related to this matter, we are unable to evaluate the likelihood of either a favorable or unfavorable outcome. We believe that it is reasonably possible that we will incur a loss; however, we cannot currently estimate a range of any possible losses we may experience in connection with this case. Accordingly, we are unable at this time to estimate the effects of this matter on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

We are not aware of any other pending legal matters or claims, individually or in the aggregate, that are expected to have a material adverse impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. However, our analysis of whether a claim may proceed to litigation cannot be predicted with certainty, nor can the results of litigation be predicted with certainty. Nevertheless, defending any of these actions, regardless of the outcome, may be costly, time consuming, distract management personnel, and have a negative effect on our business. An adverse outcome in any of these actions, including a judgment or settlement, may cause a material adverse effect on our future business, operating results, and/or financial condition.

Note 9. Guarantees and Indemnifications

We have agreed to indemnify our directors and officers for certain events or occurrences, subject to certain limits, while such persons are or were serving at our request in such capacity. We may terminate the indemnification agreements with these persons upon termination of employment, but termination will not affect claims for indemnification related to events occurring prior to the effective date of termination. We have a directors’ and officers’ insurance policy that limits our potential exposure up to the limits of our insurance coverage. In addition, we also have other indemnification agreements with various vendors against certain claims, liabilities, losses, and damages. The maximum amount of potential future indemnification is unlimited.

Note 10. Stock-Based Compensation

Total stock-based compensation expense recorded for employees and non-employees, is as follows (in thousands):

We estimate the fair value of each stock option award using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model, which utilizes the estimated fair value of our common stock and requires the input of subjective assumptions.

The following table summarizes the key assumptions used to determine the fair value of our stock options granted to employees, officers, and directors:

Fair Value of Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)

Restricted stock units are converted into shares of Chegg common stock upon vesting on a one-for-one basis. Vesting of restricted stock units is subject to the employee’s continuing service to the Company. The compensation expense related to these awards is determined using the fair value of our common stock on the date of grant, and the expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. Restricted stock units are typically fully vested at the end of four years.

Fair Value of Employee Stock Purchase Plan

Under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan, rights to purchase shares are generally granted during the second and fourth quarter of each year. The fair value of rights granted under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan was estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model.

Stock Option Activity

Option activity under our option plans was as follows:

As of June 30, 2014, our total unrecognized compensation expense for stock options granted to employees, officers, directors, and consultants was approximately $31.7 million, which will be recognized over a weighted-average vesting period of approximately 2.3 years.

We recognize only the portion of the option award granted to employees that is ultimately expected to vest as compensation expense. Estimated forfeitures are determined based on historical data and management’s expectation of exercise behaviors. Forfeiture rates and the resulting compensation expense are revised in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from the estimate.

No option awards were granted to consultants in the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 or 2013. Total stock-based compensation expense for consultants was not significant for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 or 2013.

There was no capitalized stock-based compensation as of June 30, 2014 or 2013.

Restricted Stock Units Activity

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, 29,052 and 1,285,261 RSUs granted prior to our IPO vested, respectively, and were settled for shares of our common stock.  Of those shares, we withheld 10,859 and 527,778 shares valued at approximately $3.6 million in satisfaction of tax withholding obligations for employees who elected to net settle, i.e., surrender shares of common stock to satisfy their tax obligations. Payment of taxes related to this net share settlement of RSUs is reflected as a financing activity in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. The shares withheld by us as a result of the net settlement are no longer considered issued and outstanding, thereby reducing our shares outstanding used to calculate earnings per share. These shares are returned to the reserves and are available for future issuance under the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2013 Plan.

In February 2014, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors (“the Compensation Committee”) approved a grant of performance-based restricted stock units (PSUs) under the 2013 Plan to certain of our executive officers. The PSUs entitle the executives to receive a certain number of shares of our common stock based on our satisfaction of certain financial and strategic performance goals, including net revenue growth, digital revenue growth and free cash flow during 2014 (the “Performance Period”). Based on the achievement of the performance conditions during the Performance Period for both the February grants, the final settlement of the PSU awards will range between 0 and 150% of the target shares underlying the PSU awards based on a specified objective formula approved by the Compensation Committee. If earned, the PSUs will vest annually over a three year period. In June 2014, the Compensation Committee approved a grant of PSUs under the 2013 Plan to the employees of InstaEDU, which is based on achieving certain revenue targets in years 2014 and 2015.

The target number of shares underlying the PSUs that were granted to certain executive officers during the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, totaled 24,193 and 1,208,560 shares, respectively, and had a weighted average grant date fair value of $5.58 and $6.37 per share, respectively. The target number of shares underlying the PSUs that were granted to certain employees of our InstaEDU acquisition during the three months ended June 30, 2014 totaled 2,280,081, and had a weighted average grant date fair value of $6.00 per share. As of June 30, 2014, we expect that 100% of the PSUs will vest.

As of June 30, 2014, we had a total of approximately $40.0 million of unrecognized compensation costs related to RSUs and PSUs that is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted average period of 2.3 years.

Note 11. Income Taxes

We recorded an income tax benefit of approximately $1.4 million and $1.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, respectively and an income tax provision of $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013, respectively. The income tax benefit in the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 was the result of the release of valuation allowance resulting from our acquisition of InstaEDU, offset by foreign and state income tax expense. The income tax expense in the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 was due to state and foreign income tax expense.

Note 12. Related-Party Transactions

During the three months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, we had purchases of $0.3 million and $0.1 million, respectively, and during the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, we had purchases of $0.7 million and $0.2 million, respectively, of products from Adobe Systems, or Adobe. Further, we had revenues of $0.2 million and $0, respectively, in the three months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and $1.0 million and $0 in the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively of products from Adobe for which our Chief Executive Officer is a member of the Board of Directors. As of June 30, 2014, we had no outstanding accounts receivable and $0.1 million payables to Adobe.  There was no outstanding accounts receivable from and payable to Adobe as of December 31, 2013.

During the six months ended June 30, 2014, one of our board members was appointed to the Board of Directors of Cengage Learning, or Cengage.   During the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, we had purchases of $0.5 million and $6.4 million, respectively, of products from Cengage.  As of June 30, 2014, we had accounts payable of $0.3 million and no outstanding accounts receivable from Cengage.

The terms of our contracts with the above related parties are consistent with our contracts with other independent parties.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2014, the condensed consolidated statements of operations and, the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, and the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 and the related footnote disclosures are unaudited. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments, including normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly our financial position as of June 30, 2014 and our results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 and cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2014. The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 and cash flows for the six months June 30, 2014 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

We operate in a single segment. Our fiscal year ends on December 31 and in this report we refer to the year ended December 31, 2013 as 2013.

The condensed consolidated financial statements and related financial information should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto for 2013, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2013 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC).

There have been no material changes to our significant accounting policies as compared to the significant accounting policies described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (U.S. GAAP) requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities; the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements; and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant estimates, assumptions and judgments are used for, but not limited to: revenue recognition, recoverability of accounts receivable, determination of the useful lives and salvage value related to our textbook library, valuation of preferred stock warrants, and stock-based compensation expense including estimated forfeitures, accounting for income taxes, useful lives assigned to long-lived assets for depreciation and amortization, impairment of goodwill and long-lived assets, and the valuation of acquired intangible assets. We base our estimates on historical experience, knowledge of current business conditions and various other factors we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. These estimates are based on management’s knowledge about current events and expectations about actions we may undertake in the future. Actual results could differ from these estimates, and such differences could be material to our financial position and results of operations.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASU 2014-09). This standard outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. ASU 2014-09 provides companies with two implementation methods. Companies can choose to apply the standard retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented (full retrospective application) or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the standard as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings of the annual reporting period that includes the date of initial application (modified retrospective application). This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within that reporting period, and early application is not permitted. We are currently in the process of evaluating this new guidance.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share (in thousands, except per share amounts):

The following potential common shares outstanding were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share because including them would have been anti-dilutive (in thousands):

The following tables show our cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and investments’ adjusted cost, unrealized gain (loss) and fair value (in thousands):