SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
 WASHINGTON, DC 20549
 FORM 10-K
[X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
ACT OF 1934
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2001
 Commission file number 1-12284
GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
 (Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

CANADA                                       98-0101955
(State or other Jurisdiction of              (I.R.S. Employer
Incorporation or Organization)               Identification No.)

10579 BRADFORD ROAD, SUITE 103
LITTLETON, COLORADO                          80127-4247
(Address of Principal Executive Office)      (Zip Code)

                        (303) 830-9000
     (Registrant's telephone number, including area code)	

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant
to Section 12 (b) of the Act: NONE
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Title of Each Class
COMMON SHARES
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days Yes X No

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form l0-K. X

The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant was approximately Cdn $165 million as of March 22, 2002, based on the closing price of the shares on the Toronto Stock Exchange of Cdn $2.70 per share.
Number of Common Shares outstanding as at March 22, 2002: 62,109,432

                                TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                     PART I

ITEM 1.           DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
ITEM 2.           DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTIES
ITEM 3.           LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
ITEM 4.           SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS

                                     PART II

ITEM 5.           MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED
                  STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
ITEM 6.           SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
ITEM 7.           MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
                  AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
ITEM 7A.          QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 8.           FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ITEM 9.           CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON
                  ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

                                    PART III

ITEM 10.          DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
ITEM 11.          EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
ITEM 12.          SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
ITEM 13.          CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS

                                     PART IV

ITEM 14.          EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES, AND REPORTS ON FORM
                  8-K	

The Registrant will furnish a copy of any exhibit filed as part of this report to any shareholder of record upon receipt of a written request from such person and payment of the Registrant's reasonable expenses for furnishing such exhibit. Requests should be made to the Secretary of the Registrant at the address set forth on the cover page of this report.
REPORTING CURRENCY AND FINANCIAL INFORMATION
All amounts in this Report are expressed in United States dollars, unless otherwise indicated. References to (i) "Cdn" are to Canadian dollars, (ii) "FF" are to French francs, and (iii) "Cedi" or "Cedis" are to Ghanaian cedis.
Financial information is presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in Canada. Differences between accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and those applied in Canada, as applicable to the Registrant, are explained in Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Form 10-K contains "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the United States securities laws. Forward-looking statements include statements concerning plans, objectives, goals, strategies, future events, capital expenditure, exploration efforts, financial needs, and other information that is not historical information. The forward-looking statements contained herein are based on Golden Star's current expectations and various assumptions as of the date such statements are made. Golden Star cannot give assurance that such statements will prove to be correct. These forward-looking statements include statements regarding:
o our operating plans and expectations for the Bogoso/Prestea mine and the surrounding properties
o the potential increase in property interests and the acquisition of additional properties, including the Wassa mine
o our expected concentration on mining operations in Africa and the de-emphasis at this time of exploration unrelated to active mining
o expectations relating to future gold production
o anticipated cash and other operating costs and expenses
o schedules for completion of feasibility studies, mine development programs and other key elements of our business plan
o potential increases or decreases in reserves and production
o the timing and scope of future drilling and other exploration activities
o expectations regarding receipt of permits and other legal and governmental approvals required to implement our business plan, and
o anticipated recovery rate.
Factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from these statements include, but are not limited to, changes in gold prices, the timing and amount of estimated future production, unanticipated grade changes, unanticipated recovery problems, mining and milling costs, determination of reserves, costs and timing of the development of new deposits, metallurgy, processing, access, transportation of supplies, water availability, results of current and future exploration activities, results of pending and future feasibility studies, changes in project parameters as plans continue to be refined, political, economic and operational risks of foreign operations, joint venture relationships, availability of materials and equipment, the timing of receipt of governmental approvals, capitalization and commercial viability, the failure of plant, equipment or processes to operate in accordance with specifications or expectations, accidents, labor disputes, delays in start-up dates, environmental costs and risks, local and community impacts and issues, and general domestic and international economic and political conditions. SEE THE FACTORS SET FORTH UNDER THE CAPTION "RISK FACTORS" IN ITEM 1 OF THIS FORM 10-K.
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PART I
ITEM 1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
Information in Part I of this report includes data expressed in various measurement units and contains numerous technical terms used in the mining industry. To assist readers in understanding this information, a conversion table and glossary are provided at the end of Part I.
OVERVIEW
We are an international mining company and gold producer. Since 1999, we have sought to move from a primarily exploration focus, with operations in several areas in Africa and South America, to a primarily production focus, concentrating on operations in Ghana. We own a 90% equity interest in Bogoso Gold Limited ("BGL"), which owns the Bogoso gold mine (the "Bogoso Mine") in Ghana, and have recently acquired mineral rights in the adjacent Prestea property. These two properties are now referred to as "Bogoso/Prestea". We have also agreed in principle to purchase the Wassa mine and associated mining rights, located some 35 kilometers from the Bogoso property. We are in the process of selling our interest in the Gross Rosebel project in Suriname to our partner in the project and expect to use the proceeds of this sale and the proceeds of our recent equity financing to provide a portion of the equity base to expand our Ghana operations. Through our 73%-owned subsidiary, Guyanor Ressources S.A. ("Guyanor"), we have interests in several gold exploration properties in French Guiana
BUSINESS STRATEGY AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Faced with a continuing low gold price environment and the difficulty in raising funds from the equity markets for pure exploration, management decided in 1999 to change its business strategy from a pure exploration company to a production, development, and advanced stage exploration company. The first step in the implementation of our new strategy was the September 1999 acquisition of the Bogoso Mine in Ghana. The BGL acquisition provided a source of internally generated cash flow from the mining and processing of near-surface oxide gold ores.
Immediately after purchasing the Bogoso Mine, our focus shifted to the acquisition of additional oxide gold reserves in the immediate vicinity of the Bogoso Mine, which could be processed through the Bogoso mill once the Bogoso Mine reserves were exhausted in late 2001. We were successful in this endeavor acquiring, in mid-2001, the surface mining lease on the Prestea property, which is located adjacent to the Bogoso property.
According to historical records, more than nine million ounces of gold has been produced from the Prestea property since the late 1800s, under several different owners. While most of the past production at Prestea came from underground operations, there are several zones of oxide and other non-refractory reserves which can be accessed via surface operations and which can be efficiently processed in the Bogoso mill. Currently identified gold reserves at Prestea are sufficient to provide non-refractory feed for the Bogoso mill for approximately five years. In addition, refractory sulfide mineralization is also known to exist on the Prestea property and this material will eventually be incorporated into the Bogoso sulfide feasibility study.
Mineral rights to the Prestea surface reserves were acquired from two separate entities, Prestea Gold Resources Limited ("PGR") and Barnato Exploration Limited ("Barnex") both of which have produced gold from the Prestea underground operations in recent years. As a result of our entering into an agreement with PGR in May 2001, PGR surrendered its lease over the Prestea property in June 2001. In June 2001, we entered into a binding agreement with Barnex, whereby we acquired certain subsidiaries of Barnex and Barnex also abandoned its rights to the Prestea property. On June 29, 2001, the Government of Ghana granted BGL a new 30-year mining lease over the surface of the Prestea property, under which BGL has the right to mine the surface resources at Prestea down to a depth of 200 vertical meters. In September 2001, following the completion and acceptance of an environmental impact statement for the Buesichem deposit at the north of the Prestea property, BGL received a mining permit and immediately commenced mining operations. The first Prestea ores were processed through the Bogoso mill in October 2001.
Several other zones of near-surface, oxide gold mineralization are known to exist within truckable distance of the Bogoso mill and efforts to evaluate and acquire several of these potential resources continue. In addition, we are
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nearing the publication of a feasibility study to assess the potential of a sulfide gold ore operation to treat the refractory gold ores located on and around the Bogoso and Prestea properties.
In March 2002, BGL reached a new agreement with PGR, the Ghana Mineworkers Union and the Government of Ghana and related parties to form a joint venture, to be managed by BGL, for the assessment and future operations of the Prestea underground mine, which replaces elements of the original agreement negotiated in May 2001. BGL will contribute $2.4 million to become a 45% joint venture partner, with PGR also holding 45% and the Government of Ghana holding a 10% carried interest. Under the new agreement, the funds provided to PGR will be used to pay arrears of salary and termination benefits to the Prestea underground miners. It is the intent of the joint venture to place the underground operation on care and maintenance pending completion of an assessment, which will include a comprehensive review of the safety and economic viability of the mine, as well as a review of past environmental practices. As long as BGL's interest in the joint venture does not drop below 30%, BGL will manage the joint venture. Additional cash requirements not externally funded will be made through voluntary contributions from the two non-governmental participants in the joint venture and their relative percentage interests will be adjusted to reflect any inequality in such contributions.
In November 2001 we agreed broad terms with Satellite Goldfields Limited ("SGL") and its senior secured creditors, for the acquisition of the Wassa gold mine ("Wassa") in Ghana located 35 kilometers east of Bogoso/Prestea. Broad terms of the agreement, which are subject to governmental and court approvals, include an initial consideration of $4.0 million and an additional $5.0 million when and if Golden Star proceeds with development of Wassa using a CIL processing plant. The initial $4.0 million and the subsequent $5.0 million would be funded by a debt facility to be provided by Wassa's existing senior secured creditors. The debt would be repaid over a period of four years commencing one year after the completion of the transaction during which time Wassa would be redeveloped as a CIL operation.
Golden Star has also agreed to pay a minimum $7.00 per ounce royalty from future gold production from Wassa. The royalty rate will increase by $1.00 for each $10 increase in the average market price for gold for each quarter above $280 per ounce up to a maximum royalty of $15.00 per ounce.
In addition to the governmental and court approvals referred to above, the acquisition is subject to (i) the execution of binding definitive documentation, and (ii) Golden Star completing its funding activities for the Bogoso/Prestea gold mine. Unless otherwise agreed by the parties, closing of the transaction is expected to occur in April 2002.
As at December 31, 2000, the proven and probable reserves at Wassa, as stated by its former owner, Glencar Mining plc, were 14.4 million tonnes grading 1.67 g/t, or 776,000 ounces. We have not completed our detailed investigations and therefore are not in a position to provide our own evaluation of Wassa reserves.
We plan to temporarily place the Wassa operation on a care and maintenance basis while conducting a feasibility study on the redevelopment of Wassa as a 3 million tonne per annum CIL operation. Based on our own preliminary engineering studies for the CIL redevelopment, we expect that an average of about 100,000 ounces of gold per annum at an average cost of $185 per ounce can be produced at Wassa for a period of six years. The total cost for the CIL feasibility study, construction and commissioning are currently estimated at approximately $16 million.
We have agreed to sell our interest in the Gross Rosebel project in Suriname ("Gross Rosebel") to our partner in the project, Cambior Inc. in accordance with the following terms: Golden Star will sell its 50% interest in Gross Rosebel to Cambior for a total purchase consideration of $8.0 million in cash plus a price participation royalty on the first seven million ounces of future gold production from Gross Rosebel. In exchange for Gross Rosebel, Golden Star will receive $5.0 million cash from Cambior on closing (of which $3.0 million was received in January 2002) and three deferred payments of $1.0 million each no later than the second, third, and fourth anniversaries of the closing. Once commercial production begins, Cambior will also pay a price participation royalty, equal to the excess of the average market price for gold for each quarter above a hurdle gold price multiplied by 10% of the gold production for the quarter, less the 2% royalty payable in Suriname. For soft ores, the hurdle gold price will be $300 per ounce. For hard ores, the hurdle gold price will be $350 per ounce. As a part of this transaction, we will also transfer to Cambior our interest in the Headley's Reef and Thunder Mountain properties, contiguous to Gross Rosebel, and our 30% interest in the Omai Gold Mine in Guyana. Cambior will concurrently transfer to Golden Star
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its 50% interests in the Yaou and Dorlin properties and its 100% interest in the Bois Canon property (all in French Guiana).
Also in 2001, we conducted a first phase exploration program on the Paul Isnard project in French Guiana, which, through Guyanor, we were developing in a joint venture with Rio Tinto Mining and Exploration Limited ("Rio Tinto"). The program results did not indicate the potential to meet Rio Tinto's resource target requirements and Rio Tinto elected to withdraw from the agreement under which it could have earned into a share of the project. Although Guyanor is in discussions with several senior mining companies with respect to a possible exploration joint venture for the project (but has not reached an agreement with respect to any such joint venture), we wrote off the balance of $6.9 million of deferred exploration costs in the fourth quarter of 2001.
Both the Wassa acquisition and the Gross Rosebel sale are subject to conditions and have not yet closed. Although we currently expect to close both transactions in the second quarter of this year, various factors could cause the closing of either or both transactions to be delayed, could require a renegotiation of certain deal terms or could cause either or both transactions to be abandoned. In particular, with regard to the Wassa transaction, we have not completed our due diligence and there remain other conditions to our obligation to close that have not yet been satisfied. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that these transactions will close as anticipated or at all.
In January 2002, we completed a private placement of 11.5 million units at a price of $0.49 per unit for gross proceeds of $5.6 million ($5.3 million, net). Each unit consists of one common share and one-half of a warrant. Each whole warrant will entitle the holder to the right, for a period of two years, to acquire one further common share at an exercise price of $0.70. Cash commissions and fees equaled 6% of the gross proceeds and warrants (identical to the unit warrants) equal to 6% of the total common shares issued in the private placement were issued to agents and consultants.
The proceeds from the private placement will be used to contribute to our acquisition and development costs in Ghana. Half of the proceeds from the private placement have been paid directly to Golden Star with the balance having been deposited in escrow. The escrowed funds will become available to us upon
(i) the registration of the common shares underlying the units, (ii) the completion of the Cambior transaction, and (iii) the completion of our acquisition of the Wassa property. We expect that these conditions will be met early in the second quarter of 2002, although various factors could delay satisfaction of one or more of these conditions.
Gold exploration remains an element of our overall strategy but we expect our exploration activities in the immediate future to be in support of our gold production operations. Accordingly, we expect to engage in exploration activities principally in areas that are within truckable distance from our Bogoso and Wassa processing facilities where existing data supports a high probability of success. Consistent with this strategy, most of our early and intermediate stage exploration projects have been placed on care and maintenance awaiting a more favorable environment for gold exploration and development
In the future, we intend to act more often as operator of our own discoveries although, to improve shareholder benefits, we may still decide, given the nature and size of a project and its mineralized material, to joint venture projects to larger mining companies that have the technical skills and financial resources to develop and operate large modern mining operations. We will continue to pursue new opportunities and may, if warranted, make selective additional acquisitions of promising properties.
In view of the current gold market environment, we intend to continue to focus on transactions that offer the immediate potential to provide cash flow to fund operations, exploration and development. We will also consider transactions to increase our inventory of exploration properties in West Africa. Various transactions that may be considered include acquisitions of production or development stage mining projects, particularly those opportunities which may exist in our geographical areas of expertise. Transactions involving mergers with other mining and exploration companies may also be considered.
RESERVES
The following tables present estimated reserves for Bogoso/Prestea as of December 31, 2001. Reserves estimates for both properties have been prepared by qualified members of our staff. While reserve estimates reported below
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are the responsibility of the Company, Associated Mining Consultants Ltd, ("AMC") of Calgary, Canada, performed an independent review of Bogoso/Prestea reserves in November 2001 and in their capacity as qualified, independent mineral reserve consultants issued a Qualifying Report which attests to the Proven and Probable reserves estimates as of November 19, 2001. Company personnel subsequently updated AMC's Qualifying Report reserves taking into consideration, materials removed from the mine subsequent to the AMC report and adding additional reserves as new drilling data became available subsequent to AMC's work.
TOTAL BOGOSO/PRESTEA RESERVES
at December 31, 2001

                                                                                           Contained Ounces
                              Tonnes       Gold Grade g/t      Contained Ounces      (Golden Star 's 90 % share)
                           -----------     --------------      ----------------      ---------------------------
Proven Reserves             10,768,645          3.21               1,110,100                     999,100

Probable Reserves            8,327,901          2.68                 717,200                     645,500

Total                       19,096,546          2.97               1,827,300                   1,644,600	

Our Proven and Probable Reserves at December 31, 2001 are compared to Proven and Probable Reserves at December 31, 2000 of 2.46 million tonnes at an average grade of 2.2 g/t, representing approximately 0.172 million ounces of gold.
BOGOSO MINE RESERVES(1)
at December 31, 2001

                                                                                           Contained Ounces
                              Tonnes       Gold Grade g/t      Contained Ounces      (Golden Star 's 90 % share)
                           -----------     --------------      ----------------      ---------------------------
Proven Reserves             7,129,795           3.19                731,200                    658,100

Probable Reserves           1,425,664           2.88                134,100                    120,700

Total                       8,555,459           3.14                865,300                    778,800	

(1) We have reported our Proven and Probable Reserves for the Bogoso property for year-end 2001 using a $275 gold price. The reserves are those ore tonnages contained within economically optimized pit envelopes, designed for the oxide, transition and refractory sulfide resources, and using current and predicted mine operating costs and performance parameters. Included in the Proven Reserves category are 1.2 million tonnes of ores in stockpiles on the Bogoso property.
PRESTEA MINE RESERVES(2)
at December 31, 2001

                                                                                           Contained Ounces
                              Tonnes       Gold Grade g/t      Contained Ounces      (Golden Star 's 90 % share)
                           -----------     --------------      ----------------      ---------------------------
Proven Reserves             3,638,850           3.23                378,900                    341,000

Probable Reserves           6,902,237           2.64                583,100                    524,800

Total                       10,541,087          2.84                962,000                    865,800	

(2) We have reported our Proven and Probable Reserves for the Prestea property for year-end 2001 using a $275 gold price. The reserves are those ore tonnages contained within economically optimized pit envelopes, designed for the oxide, transition and primary sulfide resources, and using current and predicted mine operating costs and performance parameters.
The definitions of Proven and Probable Reserves (see glossary of terms) are those prescribed for use in the United States by the Securities and Exchange Commission and set forth in SEC Industry Guide 7. These definitions are
7

substantially the same as those applied in Canada as set forth in National Instrument 43-101. The conversion from resources into reserves has included due regard to the effects of mining losses and dilution
MINERALIZED MATERIAL
Mineralized material has been estimated by the Company or by Cambior, our partner in various properties, as indicated below. See "Item 2. Description of Properties" for a description and report of mineralized material for each property and see "Risk Factors" below for a discussion of factors that could affect the estimates of mineralized material.
Mineralized material does not represent reserves, however the Proven and Probable Reserves shown above have been included in the estimates for Bogoso/Prestea shown below. Even though drilling and trenching indicate sufficient tonnage and grade to warrant further exploration or development expenditures, the mineralized material does not qualify under the United States Securities and Exchange Commission standards as being commercially minable until further drilling, metallurgical work and other economic and technical feasibility factors based upon such work are resolved. We report mineralized material only if the potential exists for reclassification to reserves following additional drilling and/or final technical, economic, and legal factors have been determined for the project.
MINERALIZED MATERIAL
 (INCLUDING PROVEN AND PROBABLE RESERVES)

at December 31, 2001

                                        Tonnes                     Tonnes                 Gold Grade
           Project                      (100%)             (Golden Star 's share)             g/t
           -------                    -----------          ----------------------         ----------
Bogoso/Prestea (oxide)(1)               5,477,000                  4,929,300                  2.4
Bogoso/Prestea (Transition)(1)            974,000                    876,600                  3.0
Bogoso/Prestea (Primary)(1)             7,853,000                  7,067,700                  2.9
Bogoso/Prestea (Refractory              2,146,000                  1,931,400                  3.3
Transition)(1)
Bogoso/Prestea (sulfide)(1)            12,022,000                 10,819,800                  3.6
Gross Rosebel(2)                       25,166,000                 12,583,000                  1.7
Yaou and Dorlin(3)                     13,800,000                  6,900,000                  2.1
Paul Isnard(4)                          6,178,000                  4,485,000                  2.8	

(1) Estimates of mineralized material include the proven and probable reserves detailed above. Mineralized material not converted to proven and probable reserves has had an economic grade cut off applied using a $300 per ounce gold price and economic constraints that are believed to be realistic. See "Item 2. Description of Properties" for more detail information on each project
(2) At December 31, 2001, Cambior announced that additional reserve definition work during 2001 had allowed a reclassification of Gross Rosebel mineralized material to Probable Reserves based on a $300 gold price. Due to the pending sale of Golden Star's 50% share of Gross Rosebel to Cambior, Inc. (See "Guiana Shield Transaction" discussion in Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.) Golden Star has opted to leave the Gross Rosebel material with a mineralized material designation. Following completion of the pending Guiana Shield Transaction, Cambior will own 100% of Gross Rosebel.
(3) As reported by Cambior as of December 31, 2000 and based upon $300 gold price. Following completion of the pending Guiana Shield Transaction Golden Star and Guyanor will together own 100% of the Yaou and Dorlin properties.
(4) Results estimated by the Company in February 1999 and based on a $325 gold price.
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EMPLOYEE RELATIONS
As of March 15, 2002, we had 594 full-time employees and contractors, a 4% increase from the 573 people employed at the end of 2000. Six employees are based at the headquarters in Littleton, Colorado. Approximately 529 full-time employees and 47 full-time contractors are working for BGL. At March 15, 2002, Guyanor employed 11 full-time employees in French Guiana and we had one employee in Suriname.
CUSTOMERS
As is common in the gold mining business, all of our gold production is sold at the prevailing spot price on the date of the shipment, to a single customer on an annually negotiated contract. Per the refining/sales agreement, cash payment for gold sold is received in our account two to three working days after each shipment and gold is shipped weekly. The gold refining business is competitive with numerous refineries willing to buy on short notice. We believe that the loss of our customer would not materially delay or disrupt revenues.
COMPETITION
We compete with major mining companies and other natural resource companies in the acquisition, exploration, financing and development of new prospects. Many of these companies are larger, and better capitalized than we are. There is significant competition for the limited number of gold acquisition and exploration opportunities. Our competitive position depends upon our ability to successfully and economically explore, acquire and develop new and existing mineral prospects. Factors that allow producers to remain competitive in the market over the long term, are the quality and size of the ore body, cost of operation, and the acquisition and retention of qualified employees. We also compete with other mining companies for skilled mining engineers, mine and mill operators and mechanics, geologists, geophysicists and other technical personnel. This may result in higher turnover and greater labor costs.
INCORPORATION
Golden Star Resources Ltd. was established under the Canada Business Corporations Act on May 15, 1992 as a result of the amalgamation of South American Goldfields Inc., a corporation incorporated under the federal laws of Canada, and Golden Star Resources Ltd., a corporation originally incorporated under the provisions of the Alberta Business Corporations Act on March 7, 1984 as Southern Star Resources Ltd. Concurrent with the amalgamation, the common shares of Golden Star were consolidated on a one-for-two basis. All references to "common shares" in this document mean the common shares of Golden Star after the amalgamation and the share consolidation. The fiscal year of the Company ends on December 31 of each year.
Our head office is located at 10579 Bradford Road, Suite 103, Littleton, Colorado 80127-4247, and the registered and records office is located at 19th Floor, 885 West Georgia Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6C 3H4.
RISK FACTORS
READERS SHOULD CAREFULLY CONSIDER THE RISK FACTORS SET FORTH BELOW.
FINANCIAL RISKS
WE CURRENTLY HAVE LIMITED LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES.
We have limited financial resources. At December 31, 2001, we held cash and short-term investments of approximately $0.5 million as compared to cash and short-term investments of $1.0 million as at December 31, 2000. Our only internal source of finance is operational cash flows from Bogoso/Prestea. In addition to funds required to acquire additional reserves, the execution of our business strategy going forward will require significant expenditures, including debt service on the $2.4 million aggregate principal amount of our 7.5% subordinated convertible debentures. We expect that these expenditures will exceed revenues and free cash flows generated by BGL and our other operations and therefore will require additional outside capital. Historically low gold prices during the past five years have adversely affected our ability to obtain financing. We cannot assure you that in the
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future we will be able to obtain adequate financing on acceptable terms. If we are unable to obtain additional financing, we may need to delay or indefinitely postpone further exploration and development of our properties. As a result, we may lose our interest in some of our properties and may be forced to sell some of our properties.
The loss of any of our interests in exploration and mining properties could give rise to write-offs of any capitalized costs and this would negatively impact the results of operations. The impact would also be shown in reduction of assets in our balance sheet, which in turn would impair our ability to raise additional funds.
OUR BUSINESS IS SUBSTANTIALLY DEPENDENT ON GOLD PRICES, WHICH HAVE BEEN LOW DURING THE LAST SEVERAL YEARS
The price of our common shares and our business plan have been, and may in the future be, significantly adversely affected by declines in the price of gold. Gold prices often vary widely and are affected by numerous factors beyond our control, such as the sale or purchase of gold by various central banks and financial institutions, inflation or deflationary conditions, fluctuation in the value of the United States dollar and foreign currencies, global and regional demand, and the political and economic conditions of major gold-producing countries throughout the world. If gold prices were to decline significantly or for an extended period of time, we might be unable to continue our operations, develop our properties or fulfill our obligations under our agreements with our partners or under our permits and licenses.
WE CONTINUE TO EXPERIENCE SUBSTANTIAL LOSSES.
We reported net losses of $20.6 million in 2001, $14.9 million in 2000, $24.4 million in 1999, $22.2 million in 1998, and $26.6 million in 1997, and may continue to incur losses in the future. Future operating losses may make financing our operations and our business strategy, or raising additional capital, difficult or impossible, materially and adversely affecting our operations. The losses of the last three years are largely related to the write-off of exploration and acquisition costs incurred in periods prior to 1999.
OUR OBLIGATIONS MAY STRAIN OUR FINANCIAL POSITION AND IMPEDE OUR BUSINESS STRATEGY.
We have total debts and liabilities as of December 31, 2001 of $22.6 million, including the amount outstanding under our convertible debentures, amounts payable to financial institutions, amounts due the Sellers of BGL, environmental rehabilitation liability and other payables. In addition, our liabilities are expected to increase as a result of our corporate development activities. This indebtedness may have important consequences, including the following:
o increasing our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions;
o limiting our ability to obtain additional financing to fund future working capital, capital expenditures, operating and exploration costs and other general corporate requirements;
o requiring us to dedicate a significant portion of our cash flow from operations to make debt service payments, which would reduce our ability to fund working capital, capital expenditures, operating and exploration costs and other general corporate requirements;
o limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industry; and
o placing us at a disadvantage when compared to our competitors that have less debt relative to their capitalization.
WE MAY HAVE TO RESTATE ESTIMATES OF MINERALIZED MATERIAL.
There are numerous uncertainties inherent in estimating proven and probable reserves and mineralized material, including many factors beyond our control. The estimation of reserves and mineralized material is a subjective process and the accuracy of any such estimate is a function of the quantity and quality of available data and of the assumptions made and judgments used in engineering and geological interpretation. Fluctuation in gold prices,
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results of drilling, metallurgical testing and production and the evaluation of mine plans subsequent to the date of any estimate may require revision of such estimates.
Golden Star's reserve policy calls for an internal or external review of all estimates of mineralized material and reserves by a qualified person recognized professionally as competent for this type of review. These controls are aimed at insuring that our estimates of mineralized material and reserves are made in accordance with the best practices in the industry. We cannot, however, guarantee that revisions to our estimates will not be required in the future.
LOW GOLD PRICES MAY REQUIRE A HEDGING PROGRAM AGAINST GOLD PRODUCTION AT THE BOGOSO/PRESTEA MINE.
BGL is constantly reviewing whether or not, in light of the potential for gold prices to fall, it would be appropriate to establish a hedging program against the production of gold to protect against further gold price decreases but to date, we have not decided to implement such a program. The implementation of any hedging program may not, however, serve to protect adequately against declines in the price of gold. In addition, if unsuccessful, the costs of any hedging program may further deplete BGL's financial resources.
Although a hedging program may protect us from a decline in the price of gold, it may also prevent us from benefiting fully from price increases. For example, as part of a hedging program, we may be obligated to sell gold at a price lower than the then-current market price.
WE ARE SUBJECT TO FLUCTUATIONS IN CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATES.
We currently maintain most of our working capital in United States dollars or United States dollar denominated securities and convert funds to foreign currencies as payment obligations become due. In addition, we currently have future obligations that are payable in Euros, and receivables collectible in Euros. Finally, a significant portion of the operating costs at Bogoso/Prestea is based on the Ghanaian currency, the Cedi. BGL is required to convert only 20% of the foreign exchange proceeds that BGL receives from selling gold into Cedis, but the Government of Ghana could require BGL to convert a higher percentage of such sales proceeds into Cedis in the future.
We currently do not hedge against currency exchange risks. Accordingly, we are subject to fluctuations in the rates of currency exchange between the United States dollar and these currencies, and such fluctuations may materially affect our financial position and results of operations.
OPERATIONAL RISKS
THE TECHNOLOGY, CAPITAL COSTS AND COST OF PRODUCTION OF SULFIDE RESERVES AND MINERALIZED MATERIAL AT BOGOSO/PRESTEA ARE STILL SUBJECT TO A NUMBER OF UNCERTAINTIES, INCLUDING FUNDING UNCERTAINTIES.
Based upon the completion of our sulfide mining feasibility study for the Bogoso property in 2001 and its subsequent review by a qualified, independent mineral reserves consultant, the sulfide material on the Bogoso property and on various portions of the Prestea properties has been included in our Proven and Probable reserves at December 31, 2001. While the sulfide feasibility study indicates that sulfide reserves can be profitably mined and processed at gold prices at or above $275 per ounce, the cost to retrofit the Bogoso mill to process sulfide ore would require a minimum of $20 million of new capital. We cannot assure you that we will have access to capital in the required amounts and funding may be unavailable, whether from internal or external sources, in the necessary amounts and on acceptable terms. In addition, while the processing technology envisioned in the feasibility study has been successfully utilized at other mines, we cannot assure you, in spite of our testing, engineering and analysis, that the technology will perform successfully at commercial production levels on the Bogoso/Prestea ores. We do not currently anticipate start-up of sulfide processing operations prior to 2007, after currently known oxide and non-refractory ores are exhausted.
11

OTHER THINGS BEING EQUAL, DECLINING GOLD PRICES REDUCE OUR PREEXISTING ESTIMATES OF MINERALIZED MATERIAL AND RESERVES AND CAN RESULT IN DELAYS IN DEVELOPMENT UNTIL WE CAN MAKE NEW ESTIMATES USING LOWER GOLD PRICES AND DETERMINE NEW POTENTIAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS UNDER THE LOWER GOLD PRICE ASSUMPTIONS.
In addition to impacting our reserve estimates and financial condition, declining gold prices can impact operations by requiring a reassessment of the feasibility of a particular project. Such a reassessment may be the result of a management decision or may be required under financing arrangements related to the project. Even if the project is ultimately determined to be economically viable, the need to conduct such a reassessment may cause substantial delays or may interrupt operations until the reassessment can be completed.
OPERATIONAL HAZARDS AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Our activities are subject to a number of risks and hazards including:
o environmental hazards
o discharge of pollutants or hazardous chemicals
o industrial accidents
o labor disputes
o supply problems and delays
o inability to attract competent professionals and managers
o unusual or unexpected geological or operating conditions
o slope failures
o cave-ins of underground workings
o failure of pit walls or dams
o fire
o changes in the regulatory environment, and
o natural phenomena such as inclement weather conditions, floods and earthquakes.
These or other occurrences could result in damage to, or destruction of, mineral properties or production facilities, personal injury or death, environmental damage, delays in mining, monetary losses and possible legal liability. We may incur liability as a result of pollution and other casualties. The occurrence of such events can result in delayed production, increase in production costs or liability. Paying compensation for obligations resulting from such liability may be very costly and could have an adverse effect on our financial position.
COMPLIANCE WITH ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS
We cannot assure you that compliance with existing regulations governing the discharge of materials into the environment, or otherwise relating to environmental protection, in the jurisdictions where we have projects will not have a material adverse effect on our exploration activities, earnings, expenditures or competitive position. New or expanded regulations, if adopted, could affect the exploration or development of our projects or otherwise have a material adverse effect on our operations.
As a result of the foregoing risks, project expenditures, production quantities and rates and cash operating costs, among other things, may be materially and adversely affected and may differ materially from anticipated expenditures, production quantities and rates, and costs, just as estimated production dates may be delayed materially, in each case. Any such events can materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
THE DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATION OF OUR MINING PROJECTS INVOLVES NUMEROUS UNCERTAINTIES
We expect that many of our planned mining projects will require a number of years and significant expenditures during the development phase before production is possible. Development projects are subject to the completion of successful feasibility studies, issuance of necessary governmental permits and receipt of adequate financing. The economic feasibility of such development projects is based on many factors such as:
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o estimation of reserves
o metallurgical recoveries
o future gold prices, and
o capital and operating costs of such projects.
Our mine development projects may have limited relevant operating history upon which to base estimates of future operating costs and capital requirements. Estimates of proven and probable reserves and operating costs determined in feasibility studies are based on geologic and engineering analyses. As a result, the risks and uncertainties attached to mine development activities are very high.
Any of the following events, among others, could cause the profitability of a project to be impaired or could cause the project to no longer be economically feasible:
o unanticipated changes in grade and tonnage of ore to be mined and processed
o unanticipated adverse geotechnical conditions
o incorrect data on which engineering assumptions are made
o costs of constructing and operating a mine in a specific environment
o processing and refining facilities
o availability of economic sources of energy
o adequacy of water supply
o adequate access to the site
o unanticipated transportation costs
o government regulations (including regulations relating to prices, royalties, duties, taxes, restrictions on production, quotas on exportation of minerals, as well as the costs of protection of the environment and agricultural lands)
o fluctuations in gold prices, and
o accidents, labor actions and force majeure factors.
The occurrence of any of these events could materially and adversely affect the operations or further development of a project and as a result our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flow.
OUR INSURANCE COVERAGE MAY BE INSUFFICIENT.
Although we maintain insurance in amounts that we believe to be reasonable, our insurance will not cover all the potential risks associated with our business. We may also be unable to maintain insurance to cover these risks at economically feasible premiums. Insurance coverage may not continue to be available or may not be adequate to cover any resulting liability. Moreover, insurance against risks such as environmental pollution or other hazards as a result of exploration and production is not generally available to us or to other companies in the industry on acceptable terms. We might also become subject to liability for pollution or other hazards which we cannot insure against or which we may elect not to insure against because of premium costs or other reasons. Losses from these events may cause us to incur significant costs that could have a material adverse effect upon our financial performance and results of operations.
GOVERNMENTAL RISKS
A LIMITATION ON THE ABILITY OF OUR OPERATING SUBSIDIARIES TO MAKE DISTRIBUTIONS TO US COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT THE FUNDING OUR OPERATIONS OR LIMIT OUR ABILITY TO MAKE DISTRIBUTIONS TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS.
We are a holding company that conducts operations through foreign (principally African) subsidiaries and joint ventures, and substantially all of our assets consist of equity in such entities. Accordingly, any limitation on the transfer of cash or other assets between the parent corporation and such entities, or among such entities, could restrict our ability to fund our operations efficiently or to make distributions to our shareholders. Any such limitations, or the perception that such limitations may exist now or in the future could also have an adverse impact on our valuation and stock price.
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WE ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGES IN THE REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT IN GHANA.
Our mining operations and exploration activities in Ghana are subject to extensive regulation governing various matters, including:
o licensing o development
o production o exports
o taxes o imports
o water disposal o labor standards
o toxic substances o occupational health and safety
o mine safety o environmental protections
Compliance with these regulations increases the costs of the following:
o planning o developing
o designing o constructing
o drilling o mine and other facilities closure
o operating
We believe that we are in substantial compliance with current laws and regulations. However, these laws and regulations are subject to frequent change. For example, the Ghanaian government has adopted new, more stringent environmental regulations. Amendments to current laws and regulations governing operations and activities of mining companies or more stringent implementation or interpretation of these laws and regulations could have a material adverse impact on us, cause a reduction in levels of production and delay or prevent the development or expansion of our properties in Ghana.
Government regulations limit the proceeds from gold sales that may be withdrawn from Ghana. Changes in regulations that increase these restrictions would have a material adverse impact on us as Bogoso/Prestea is our principal source of internally generated cash.
THE GOVERNMENT OF GHANA HAS THE RIGHT TO PARTICIPATE IN THE OWNERSHIP AND CONTROL OF BGL, WASSA AND THE PRESTEA UNDERGROUND JOINT VENTURE.
The Ghanaian government currently has a 10% carried interest in BGL and will have a similar interest in the entities that will own the Wassa mine and the Prestea underground joint venture. The Ghanaian government also has or will have the right to acquire up to an additional 20% equity interest in BGL and the Wassa entity for a price to be determined by agreement or arbitration. We cannot assure you that the government will not seek to acquire an additional equity interest in the mine, or as to the purchase price that the Government of Ghana would pay for any additional equity interest. A reduction in our equity interest could reduce our income or cash flows from BGL and amounts available for reinvestment or distribution.
WE ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIAL RISKS RELATING TO EXPLORATION, DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES
Certain laws, regulations and statutory provisions in certain countries in which we have mineral rights could, as they are currently written, have a material negative impact on our ability to develop or operate a commercial mine. The range and diversity of the laws and regulations are such that we cannot adequately summarize them in this report. For countries where we have exploration or development stage projects we would intend to negotiate mineral agreements with the governments of these countries and seek variances or otherwise be exempted from the provisions of these laws, regulations and/or statutory provisions. We cannot assure you, however, that we will be successful in obtaining mineral agreements or variances or exemptions on commercially acceptable terms.
Our assets and operations are affected by various political and economic uncertainties, including:
o the risks of war or civil unrest;
o expropriation and nationalization;
o renegotiation or nullification of existing concessions, licenses, permits, and contracts;
14

o illegal mining;
o changes in taxation policies;
o restrictions on foreign exchange and repatriation; and
o changing political conditions, currency controls and governmental regulations that favor or require the awarding of contracts to local contractors or require foreign contractors to employ citizens of, or purchase supplies from, a particular jurisdiction.
ILLEGAL MINING OCCURS ON OUR PROPERTIES, IS DIFFICULT TO CONTROL, CAN DISRUPT OUR BUSINESS AND CAN EXPOSE US TO LIABILITY.
In French Guiana, Suriname and Ghana, artisanal miners have been illegally working on our properties despite the fact that we have hired security personnel to protect our properties. The presence of illegal miners could lead to project delays and disputes regarding the development or operation of commercial gold deposits. The work performed by the illegal miners could cause environmental damages for which we could potentially be held responsible.
MARKET RISKS
THE MARKET PRICE OF OUR STOCK AND UNIT WARRANTS MAY EXPERIENCE VOLATILITY AND COULD DECLINE SIGNIFICANTLY.
Our common shares are listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange and also trade in the United States on the Nasdaq OTC Bulletin Board. Securities of micro and small-cap companies have in the past experienced substantial volatility, often based on factors unrelated to the financial performance or prospects of the companies involved. These factors include macroeconomic developments in North America and globally and market perceptions of the attractiveness of particular industries. Our share price is also likely to be significantly affected by short-term changes in gold prices or in our financial condition or results of operations as reflected in our quarterly earnings reports. Other factors unrelated to our performance that may have an effect on the price of our common shares include the following:
o the extent of analytical coverage available to investors concerning our business may be limited if investment banks with research capabilities do not continue to follow our securities;
o the limited trading volume and general market interest in our securities may affect an investor's ability to trade significant numbers of common shares;
o the relatively small size of the public float will limit the ability of some institutions to invest in our securities;
o under certain circumstances, our common shares could be classified as "penny stock" under applicable SEC rules; in that event, broker-dealers in the United States executing trades in our common shares would be subject to substantial administrative and procedural restrictions which could limit broker interest in involvement in our common shares;
o a substantial decline in our stock price that persisted for a significant period of time could cause our securities to be delisted from the Toronto Stock Exchange, further reducing market efficiency.
As a result of any of these factors, the market price of our stock at any given point in time may not accurately reflect our long-term value. Securities class action litigation often has been brought against companies following periods of volatility in the market price of their securities. We may in the future be the target of similar litigation. Securities litigation could result in substantial costs and damages and divert management's attention and resources.
15

ITEM 2. DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTIES
Information in Item 2 of this report includes data expressed in various measurement units and contains numerous technical terms used in the mining industry. To assist readers in understanding this information, a conversion table and glossary are provided at the end of Part I.
INTRODUCTION
Our most significant projects are located in Ghana (Africa), where we own the Bogoso and Prestea gold properties. The Bogoso property includes the Bogoso mill, administrative facilities and several pits which we mined from 1999 to late 2001. The Bogoso property contains 6.7 million tonnes of sulfide ore reserves grading 3.58 g/t gold and contains 774,000 ounces of gold, which we anticipate will be mined after 2006, once the oxide and other non-refractory ores have been mined at the adjoining Prestea property and from the Bogoso Mine.
The Prestea property, which adjoins the Bogoso property, was acquired in 2001 and contains 10.5 million tonnes of ore grading 2.84 g/t gold and contains 962,000 ounces. Ore from the Prestea property is hauled by truck to the Bogoso mill for processing.
In addition to the operating properties listed above we have a 30% ownership in an operating gold mine in Guyana known as the Omai mine (which is in the process of being sold to Cambior Inc., the majority owner) and also own several exploration properties in Ghana, and Suriname, French Guiana and Guyana in South America, as indicated in Figures 1 and 2 below. These projects are situated in geologic domains known as greenstone belts, which are ancient volcanic-sedimentary rock assemblages. Greenstone belts are known to be favorable geologic environments for gold mineralization and account for a significant proportion of the world's gold production, (e.g., the greenstone belts of the Canadian Shield in Eastern Canada, the Pilbara and Yilgarn Blocks of Western Australia, the greenstone belts of East and West Africa and the Guiana and Brazilian Shields of South America).
All of our operating and exploration properties are located in developing countries, with the exception of French Guiana, which is legally a part of France. There are certain business and political risks inherent in doing business in developing countries. In particular, the regulatory framework for conducting mining and exploration activities in these countries, including the tax and general fiscal regimes and the manner in which rights and title to mineral properties are established and maintained, are often uncertain, incomplete, in a state of flux or subject to change without notice. Further, in many of the countries in which our operating and exploration projects are located, it may not be economically feasible to develop a commercial mine unless special tax or other fiscal and regulatory concessions are obtained from the applicable governmental and regulatory authorities. Such concessions are typically sought in a mineral agreement (also known as foreign investment agreements and establishment agreements). A mineral agreement thus serves to establish the legal and financial framework pursuant to which mining will take place in countries where such framework might be otherwise unclear, uncertain or not commercially viable. There can be no assurance, however, that the Company will be able to execute or enforce satisfactory mineral agreements or obtain satisfactory political risk insurance on commercially reasonable terms for any or all of its properties. Consequently, the Company may have to abandon or relinquish otherwise valuable mineral rights if it determines that it will not be able to profitably exploit any discovery under existing laws and regulations.
FIGURE 1
MAP - AFRICA
Map of "GOLDEN STAR OPERATIONS IN AFRICA," showing specific project locations in Ghana.
FIGURE 2
MAP - SOUTH AMERICA
Map of "GOLDEN STAR OPERATIONS IN SOUTH AMERICA," showing specific project locations in Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana.
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PROPERTY STATUS TABLE AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2001:

                                       EXPIRATION                                   FINANCIAL
   PROPERTY        TYPE OF INTEREST       DATE                RENEWAL               OBLIGATION       STATUS         COMMENTS
---------------  -------------------   ----------- -------------------------------  ----------   ---------------  --------------
    Bogoso       90% equity interest   8/21/17     N/A                              N/A          Operating mill
                 in BGL                8/16/18                                                   facility

Akropong Trend   Option agreements     Various     Agreement of the parties         Various                       Exploration
                                                                                                                  stage

    Prestea      90% equity interest   7/6/31      N/A                              N/A          Operating Mine   Ore from Prestea
                 in BGL                                                                                           processed at
                                                                                                                  Bogoso

    Omai         30% equity  interest  N/A         N/A                              N/A          Operating Mine   (5)
                 in OGML

     Eagle       30% indirect          N/A         N/A                              N/A          Care and         Exploration
   Mountain      interest through                                                                maintenance.     stage (5)
                 OGML (1)

     Gross       Right of              Application The right of exploration         N/A          Care and         Advanced
    Rosebel      Exploration (2)       for         remains legally in force until                maintenance      exploration
                                       extension   a decision on the right of                                     (5)
                                       pending     exploitation has been made

    Dorlin       Type A Exploration    3/1/06      Renewable for up to 10 years     FF7,000      Care and         Exploration
                 Permit (3)                                                                      maintenance      stage

    Yaou         Type A Exploration    3/1/06      Renewable for up to 10 years     FF5,000      Care and         Exploration
                 Permit (3)                                                                      maintenance      stage

     Paul-       8 Concessions (4)     12/31/18    Renewable  for an additional 25  US$4,765/    Care and         Exploration
    Isnard                                         years                            FF30,275     maintenance      stage

                 Type A Permit (4)     12/1/02     Renewable for up to 10 years     US$2.9M/     Care and         Exploration
                                                                                    FF17.3M      maintenance      stage	

(1) The Eagle Mountain interest is owned by OGML.
(2) 50% owned by Golden Star and 50% owned by Cambior Inc., pending the sale of our interest to Cambior
(3) 50% owned by Guyanor and 50% owned by Cambior Inc., pending the sale by Cambior of its interest to Golden Star
(4) 100% owned by Guyanor, a 73% owned subsidiary of Golden Star
(5) Pending sale to Cambior Inc. See "Guiana Shield Transaction" discussion in Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations below.
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The consolidated property expenditures and abandonment costs for the Company's exploration projects for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2001 were as follows:

                               Acquisition,
                               Deferred                                                           Acquisition,
                               Exploration                               Joint      Property      Deferred
                               and           Capitalized   Capitalized   Venture    Abandon       Exploration and
                               Development   Exploration   Acquisition   Recov-     -ments and    Development
                               Costs as at   Expenditures  Expenditures  eries in   Adjustments   Costs as of
                               12/31/00      in 2001       in 2001       2001       in 2001       12/31/01 (4)
                               ============  ============  ============  =========  ===========   ===============
                                                           In Thousands of Dollars
SURINAME
   Gross Rosebel (1)           $     15,818  $        691  $         --  $    (340) $    (8,103)  $         8,066
                               ------------  ------------  ------------  ---------  -----------   ---------------
Sub-total                            15,818           691            --       (340)      (8,103)            8,066
                               ------------  ------------  ------------  ---------  -----------   ---------------

FRENCH GUIANA
(GUYANOR RESSOURCES S.A.) (2)
   Paul Isnard / Eau Blanche          5,827         1,037            --         --       (6,864)               --
                               ------------  ------------  ------------  ---------  -----------   ---------------
Sub-total                             5,827         1,037            --         --       (6,864)               --
                               ------------  ------------  ------------  ---------  -----------   ---------------

AFRICA
(BOGOSO GOLD LIMITED) (3)
   Riyadh                               239            35            --         --           --               274
    Pampe Flagbase                       --           330                                                     330
   Bogoso Sulfide                     2,608           964            --         --           --             3,572
    Other Bogoso Area                    --            38            --         --           --                38
   Projects
                               ------------  ------------  ------------  ---------  -----------   ---------------
Sub-total                             2,847         1,367            --         --           --             4,214
                               ------------  ------------  ------------  ---------  -----------   ---------------
OTHER                                    --            43            --         --          (43)               --
                               ------------  ------------  ------------  ---------  -----------   ---------------
TOTAL                          $     24,492  $      3,138  $         --  $    (340) $   (15,010)  $        12,280
                               ============  ============  ============  =========  ===========   ===============	

(1) Subject to sale to Cambior. See "Guiana Shield Transaction" discussion in Item 7.
(2) Approximately 73% owned by Golden Star.
(3) A 90% owned subsidiary of Golden Star.
(4) Our holdings include ownership interests, royalty interests, leases, options and joint venture interests in varying percentages.
THE BOGOSO/PRESTEA GOLD MINES
BGL is the owner of the Bogoso and Prestea Mines (hereafter called "Bogoso/Prestea"), located on the Ashanti Trend in the Republic of Ghana. Golden Star currently owns 90% of the common shares of BGL, having increased its ownership from 70% to 90% during 2001 by purchasing a 20% interest from Anvil Mining NL ("Anvil"), a public exploration and development company. The Government of Ghana controls the remaining 10% of BGL. The Government of Ghana is entitled at all times to hold a 10% carried interest in all the rights and obligations of BGL. The Government acquired this interest for no consideration and is not required to contribute any funds to pay any BGL expenses.
Ghana is situated on the West Coast of Africa, approximately 750 kilometers north of the equator on the Gulf of Guinea, and Accra, the capital city of Ghana, and is located on the Greenwich Meridian. After a period as a British colony, Ghana achieved independence in 1957 and it is now a republic with a democratically elected government. Ghana has a population of approximately 19 million people. English is the official and commercial language. The total land area of the country is approximately 238,000 km2 and the topography is relatively flat. Ghana has a tropical climate with two rainy seasons and two dry seasons.
The Government of Ghana issued a gold prospecting license to BGL on November 7, 1986, granting BGL the right to prospect for gold in a prospecting area of approximately 148 square kilometers for a three-year term commencing on May 12, 1986. On August 21, 1987, the Government of Ghana granted BGL a 30-year mining lease giving BGL the exclusive right to work, develop and produce gold in a mining area of 50 square kilometers within this prospecting area. On August 16, 1988, the Government of Ghana granted BGL a second 30-year gold mining lease covering an additional 45 square kilometers area adjacent to the first mining area. In June 2001, BGL was granted the 30-year surface mining lease on the Prestea gold property by the Government of Ghana. The Prestea property is located immediately south of, and adjacent to the existing Bogoso property, and covers an aggregate area of 129 square kilometers. Mining of non-refractory gold ore began at the Prestea Mine in the fourth quarter of 2001 to
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replace ores from the Bogoso Mine. We expect that all of the non-refractory ore from the Prestea Mine will be processed through our Bogoso mill.
Under the above three mining leases (the "Mining Leases"), BGL holds gold mining rights in a mining area totaling 224 square kilometers, subject to the payment of nominal annual rents.
Bogoso/Prestea consists of an operating gold mine and a mill facility owned by BGL. Until the fourth quarter of 2001, BGL mined ore from several open pits and processed the ore at a processing plant that it built on the Bogoso property in 1991. The plant uses conventional CIL technology to extract gold from the ore and has been producing approximately 100,000 ounces of gold per year since it was built.
Bogoso/Prestea is located in western Ghana approximately 35 kilometers northwest of the town of Tarkwa from where it can be reached by accessible roads. A paved road runs down most of the 18.5 kilometers length of the property and connects the town of Bogoso in the northeast with the town of Prestea in the southwest. Another paved road provides access to a sealed airstrip located at the town of Obuasi, some 115 km to the north. The mining areas are connected by paved and gravel haul-roads to the treatment plant.
The Bogoso Acquisition
On September 30, 1999, we and Anvil acquired 70% and 20%, respectively, of the common shares of BGL. The Government of Ghana retained a 10% equity interest in BGL. The total acquisition cost including initial payments, future payments, financing costs and administrative costs was $14.7 million. The sellers received $6.5 million cash at September 30, 1999 and agreed to receive both contingent and non-contingent additional payments in the future. As of the date of this report, all non-contingent payments have been made.
A $2.0 million reserve acquisition linked payment due the sellers is triggered if minable reserves equivalent to 50,000 ounces of gold or greater are acquired elsewhere in Ghana for processing at the Bogoso mill before September 30, 2001. The acquisition of the surface mining lease at the Prestea property, with its contained reserves in excess of 50,000 ounces may have triggered the reserve acquisition payment. Pending the outcome of discussions with the sellers, we have accrued a $2.0 million current liability for this item.
We are required to pay the sellers an additional $5.0 million (escalated at LIBOR) on the first anniversary of the commencement of treatment of sulfide ore at the Bogoso Mine, which we presently expect by no earlier than 2006. Due to the contingent nature of this obligation, the Company has not yet recorded a liability. We expect that the $5.0 million liability would be recorded if and when a decision to proceed with development of the sulfide project is made.
We are also required to make production related payments to the provider of the credit facility arranged for, but not used to effect, the acquisition of BGL in 1999. During the first 72 months following the September 30, 1999 acquisition, the Company is required to pay $0.25 million for every continuous 12- month period wherein more than 75,000 ounces of gold is produced from the Bogoso Mine. Based on the Bogoso Mine's proven and probable reserves in 1999, the Company accrued $0.5 million for the two years expected production life of the Bogoso Mine. The first payment due under this agreement was scheduled for payment on September 30, 2001 and was paid in January 2002. A second and final payment is now scheduled for September 30, 2002. Also in connection with this credit facility, we issued to the credit provider three-year warrants to acquire 1.5 million common shares of the Company. All of these warrants were exercised in May 2001.
In June 2001 we purchased Anvil's 20% share of BGL thereby raising our ownership to 90% from 70%. In consideration of it's holding, Anvil received 3,000,000 shares of Golden Star common stock and we agreed to cancel our note receivable from Anvil, which stood at $1.9 million immediately prior to the transaction. The stock and note together brought the total purchase price of Anvil's 20% interest to $2.9 million and resulted in an increase in mining property assets of $1.4 million.
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The Prestea Acquisition
A surface mining lease for the Prestea property was granted to us by the Government of Ghana on June 29, 2001, following extended negotiations with PGR, Barnex and the Government of Ghana. Two separate transactions, one with Barnex and one with PGR were required to facilitate the granting of the lease. Both transactions were required to remove all prior claims on the property, which thereby allowed the Government of Ghana to grant the new surface mining lease.
Pursuant to the agreement with Barnex, Golden Star issued to Barnex 3,333,333 common shares and 1,333,333 warrants to subscribe for Golden Star common shares at a price of $0.70 per share for three years. In addition, Golden Star will pay a royalty to Barnex on the first 1,000,000 ounces of production from Bogoso/Prestea. The royalty will vary, according to a gold price formula, from a minimum of $6.00 per ounce at gold prices less than $260 per ounce to a maximum of $16.80 per ounce at gold prices at or above $340 per ounce. The royalty is to be paid quarterly and is determined by multiplying the production for the quarter by a royalty rate that varies depending on the average spot gold price for the quarter, as per the following table:

Average Spot Gold Price ($/oz)                     Royalty Rate ($/oz)
------------------------------                     -------------------
Less than $260                                            $6.00

More than $260 but less than $270                         $7.20

More than $270 but less than $280                         $8.40

More than $280 but less than $290                         $9.60

More than $290 but less than $300                         $10.80

More than $300 but less than $310                         $12.00

More than $310 but less than $320                         $13.20

More than $320 but less than $330                         $14.40

More than $330 but less than $340                         $15.60

More than $340                                            $16.80	

Golden Star also paid $2.1 million in cash to PGR, of which $1.3 million was paid to PGR during 2001 and another $0.8 million payment was made in January 2002.
The total cost of acquiring the Prestea mine during 2001 was $6.8 million. This includes $2.2 million for the Golden Star stock and warrants issued to Barnex, $1.3 million of cash paid to PGR, $2.0 million for the contingent liability to the Sellers of BGL which may have been triggered by obtaining the Prestea surface lease, $0.7 million of pre-production development costs and approximately $0.6 million in transactions costs. In addition to the $6.8 million of direct purchase costs listed above, $0.4 million of unamortized Bogoso purchase costs and $1.4 million of costs associated with the purchase of the 20% minority interest position in BGL from Anvil during 2001, will be included in the new Prestea amortization base, bringing the total amortizable cost basis to $8.6 million.
On June 29, 2001, the Government of Ghana granted PGR a mining lease over the underground portion of the Prestea property, below a depth of 200 vertical meters (below surface). Under the agreement between PGR and BGL, BGL had an option to acquire up to a 45% interest in PGR, by making an option payment to PGR of up to $2.4 million.
In March 2002, PGR and BGL agreed to terminate the above option agreement in favor of a new agreement between PGR, BGL, the Ghana Mineworkers Union and the Government of Ghana and related parties to form a joint venture, to be managed by BGL, for the assessment and future operations of the Prestea underground mine. BGL will contribute $2.4 million to be a 45% joint venture partner, with PGR also holding 45% and the Government of Ghana holding a 10% carried interest. Under the agreement, the funds provided to PGR will be used to pay arrears of salary and termination benefits to the Prestea underground miners. It is the intent of the joint venture to place the underground operation on care and maintenance pending completion of an assessment, which will include a comprehensive review of the safety and economic viability of the mine, as well as a review of past environmental practices. As long as BGL's interest in the joint venture does not drop below 30%, BGL will manage the joint venture. Additional cash requirements not externally funded will be made through voluntary contributions from the
20

two non-governmental participants in the joint venture and their relative percentage interests will be adjusted to reflect any inequality in such contributions.
Government of Ghana Special Rights
The Government of Ghana is entitled to acquire up to an additional 20% interest in BGL. If the Government of Ghana wishes to exercise this right, it must give reasonable notice to BGL. It must also pay such purchase price for the additional 20% interest as the Government of Ghana and BGL may agree on at the time. If there is no agreement, the purchase price will be the fair market value of such interest at such time as determined by arbitration conducted by the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes. The Government of Ghana may also acquire further interests in BGL on terms mutually acceptable to the Government and BGL.
The Government of Ghana is entitled to acquire a special or golden share in any mining company at any time for no consideration or such consideration as the Government of Ghana and BGL may agree. The special share will constitute a separate class of shares with such rights as the Government of Ghana and BGL may agree. In the absence of such agreement, the special share will have the following rights:
o the special share will carry no voting rights, but the holder will be entitled to receive notice of and attend and speak at any general meeting of the members or any separate meeting of the holders of any class of shares;
o the special share may only be issued to, held by or transferred to the Government or a person acting on behalf of the Government;
o the written consent of the holder of such special share must be obtained for all amendments to the organizational documents of the company, the voluntary winding-up or liquidation of the company or the disposal of any mining lease or the whole or any material part of the assets of the company; and
o the holder of the special share will be entitled to the payment of a nominal sum of 1,000 Ghanaian Cedis in a winding-up or liquidation of the company in priority to any payment to other members and may require the company to redeem the special share at any time for a nominal sum of 1,000 Cedis.
BGL has not issued or been requested to issue to date, any such special share to the Government of Ghana.
The Government of Ghana has a pre-emptive right to purchase all gold and other minerals produced by BGL. The purchase price will be such price as the Government of Ghana and BGL may agree on, or the price established by any gold hedging arrangement between BGL and any third party approved by the Government, or the publicly quoted market price prevailing for the minerals or products as delivered at the mine or plant where the right of preemption was exercised. The purchase price must be paid in foreign exchange. The Government of Ghana has agreed to take no preemptive action pursuant to its right to purchase such gold or other minerals so long as BGL sells gold in accordance with certain procedures for selling gold approved by the Bank of Ghana.
Royalties
Under the laws of Ghana, a holder of a mining lease is required to pay a royalty of not less than 3% and not more than 12% of the total revenues earned from the lease area. The royalty is payable on a quarterly basis. The Government of Ghana levies a royalty on BGL based on the profitability of its mining operations. The royalty is determined by the application of an operating ratio expressed in terms of the percentage that the operating margin bears to the value of gold from mining operations in every year. The total royalty paid in 2001 was $0.7 million or 3% of revenues and the royalty paid in 2000 was $0.9 million or, 3% of total revenues.
For the fourth quarter of 2001, $0.3 million of royalties were paid to Barnex per the Barnex royalty as described above.
21

Geology of the Bogoso/Prestea Mine
The Bogoso/Prestea concessions lie within the Eburnean Tectonic Province (1,800-2,166 Ma) in the West African Precambrian Shield. The palaeoproterozoic rocks that comprise most of the West African craton and host the major gold mineralization in Ghana are subdivided into metasedimentary and volcanic rocks of the Lower Birimian, Upper Birimian and Tarkwaian sequences.
The Lower Birimian is composed largely of phyllites, schists, greywackes and volcanoclastics, and grades into the dominantly metavolcanic rocks (including lavas, pyroclastics, and some finer-grained metasedimentary rocks) of the Upper Birimian. Unconformably overlying the Birimian are the continental clastics of the Tarkwaian sequence. These clastics were derived from the weathering of Birimian rocks and granitic intrusions found within the Birimian.
The area is dominated by a major northeast-southwest trending structural fault zone referred to as the Ashanti Trend, which hosts the Prestea, Bogoso, Obuasi and Konongo gold deposits, among others. Parallel to the Ashanti Trend is the Akropong trend, which hosts the Ayanfuri deposit. The Akropong Trend is about 15km from the Ashanti Trend in the Bogoso region, and gradually converges with it, coalescing at Obuasi and forming the basis for the world class Obuasi deposit, owned and operated by Ashanti Goldfields Company Limited.
Gold deposits in the Tarkwaian sequence include Teberebie, Abosso, Tarkwa, Iduapriem and Wassa.
In the Bogoso area, the faulted contact zone is known as the "Main Crush Zone" and passes through the central part of the Bogoso Mine for its entire 18.5-kilometer concession length. The Main Crush Zone lies within a structural corridor that varies in width from 1,000 to 2,500 meters. Some 90% of the gold mined to date at the Bogoso Mine has come from the Main Crush Zone with the larger deposits being located at bends and junctions along this major fault. Additional faults and splays in the structural corridor may also be prospective for gold. The oxide ores tend to have fine-grained free gold that has been liberated during the weathering of pre-existing sulfides and oxidation extends from surface down to the approximate elevation of the water table. Below this, a transition zone of up to 20 meters of partially oxidized material directly overlies fresh sulfide mineralization.
The Prestea concession covers a 22 km stretch of the Ashanti Trend located immediately south of the Bogoso concession. Within the concession, the fault belt comprises an anastomosing network of faults with a dominant set of three or more northeasterly (40-60(0)) striking faults that define a sinistral shear zone. These shears host the Prestea Main, East and West reef zones, in addition to other minor reefs. Towards the south, in the vicinity of the Bondaye-Tuapem shafts, the braided shear zone splits into two groups of discrete widely separated shears. The Tuapem mineralization continues along strike of the fault belt, whereas the Bondaye mineralization bends southwards towards a highly prospective mineralized target zone at Nsuta.
Historical Mining Operations at Bogoso
Gold was first commercially mined at the Bogoso Mine in the early 20th century. In 1935, Marlu Gold Mining Areas Ltd. started mining high-grade oxide ore from a series of open pits extending south from Bogoso North to Buesichem, just south of the Bogoso Mine. Marlu also mined a small amount of ore from underground operations at Bogoso North, Marlu and Bogoso South. According to BGL's records, during its 20-year period of operations from 1935 to 1955, Marlu produced over 900,000 ounces of gold at an average recovered grade of 3.73 g/t.
Billiton International Metals BV, then a unit of the Royal Dutch Shell group, took control of the Bogoso Mine in the late 1980's. The initial feasibility study established a mineable reserve of 5.96 million tonnes grading 4.0 grams gold per tonne, of which 461,000 tonnes (or less than 8%) comprised oxide ore. The feasibility study forecast gold recoveries of 83% from sulfide ore and 78% from oxide ore and estimated a waste to ore ratio of 5.6:1. Construction of a mining and processing facility was completed in 1991. The facility was designed to process oxide ores by using conventional CIL technology at a design capacity of 1.36 million tonnes per year and to process sulfide ores by using flotation, fluid bed roasting and CIL technology at a design capacity of 0.9 million tonnes per year.
Billiton encountered serious operational difficulties with the fluid bed roaster, which did not function as anticipated because the sulfur level in the concentrate was less than expected and because the clay content of the feed was
22

higher than expected. Mechanical problems also occurred. As a result, Billiton closed the flotation circuit and roaster in early 1994. Following closure of the roaster, Billiton focused the Bogoso operations on oxide ore. The CIL plant has a capacity of approximately 2.0 million tonnes of oxide ore per year. However, only a few months of oxide ore were available at that time. Basic exploration has been successful in adding to the available quantity of oxide ore and the mine has operated as an oxide-only operation since 1994. Operating cash flows funded all the exploration costs.
In the last two years as sources of oxide feed to the mill started to run out, the mill was upgraded to allow processing of transition ores. The upgrades include a spirals gravity recovery section, coupled with an intensive cyanide leach circuit, to recover free gold from the transition ores.
Historical Mining Operations at Prestea
Mining has been conducted at Prestea for more than 125 years, primarily as an underground operation. There has also been limited open cast mining (small-scale artisan miners) on the property. From 1873 to 1965, the current Prestea concession comprised a number of different licenses operated by independent mining companies, which, in 1965, were amalgamated by the post-independence government into Prestea Goldfields Limited, under the aegis of the State Gold Mining Corporation ("SGMC"). Production declined due to lack of sustained investment, and the mine operated at a loss. In 1985, the Government of Ghana secured a World Bank loan to rehabilitate the SGMC mines, but after three years of continued losses, the decision was taken to divest the operation as part of the Economic Recovery Program.
In 1994 JCI Limited ("JCI") won the bid for participation in the Prestea mining operation. Subject to a Project Development Agreement ("PDA") between the Government of Ghana, JCI and Barnex (Prestea) Limited ("BPL"), a subsidiary of JCI, assumed management of Prestea Goldfields Limited, in June 1996. While improvements were made to the productivities and efficiencies of the underground operation, an exploration program aimed at delineating near surface resources amenable to open cast mining was commenced.
However, owing to the declining gold price and continued financial losses, BPL terminated its management role of the underground mining operation in September 1998, and in accordance with provisions in the PDA, elected to shut down the underground workings. This action was opposed by the Prestea workforce and managers, who pooled their statutory redundancy payments to form their own company, PGR, to operate the mine. They were granted a 6 month permit by the Government of Ghana to run the mine in December 1998.
In response to local political pressure, and to the de facto continuation of underground operations by PGR, in November 2000 the Government of Ghana abrogated the JCI lease over the Prestea concession, and formally awarded it to PGR. This was followed by extensive negotiations involving the Government of Ghana, PGR, BGL and JCI, over the mining potential of the Prestea area. The eventual outcome of these discussions was the issuance in June 2001 of two separate leases for the concession, one being for surface rights down to a depth of 200m below general ground elevation (an elevation of approximately 150m below sea level), and one for all mineralisation below the 200m mark. The surface lease was awarded to BGL and the underground lease to PGR, with the joint commitment of both parties to work together to ensure effective and harmonious relations between the two operations.
In March 2002, as described in The Prestea Acquisition above, BGL reached an agreement with PGR, the Ghana Mineworkers Union and the Government of Ghana to form a joint venture, to be managed by BGL, for the assessment and future operations of the Prestea underground mine. BGL will contribute a total of $4.5 million (consisting of $2.4 million payable to the joint venture and $2.1 million that has already been paid to PGR) to become a 45% joint venture partner, with PGR also holding 45% and the Government of Ghana holding a 10% carried interest.
BGL started surface mining operations on the Prestea concession in September 2001, with the first ore being processed at the Bogoso mill in October 2001. It is worth recording that total gold production from the Prestea area since recorded mining commenced in the 1880s is reported by the Ghana Chamber of Mines to be in excess of nine million ounces, making it the second largest historical gold producing area in Ghana, after the Obuasi mine, which is owned and operated by Ashanti Goldfields Company Limited.
23

Production
Gold production from the existing Bogoso mill from start up in 1991 through 2001 has totaled 1,102,984 ounces. Gold production from January to December 2001 was 87,936 ounces, compared to 108,643 ounces in 2000. This 19% decrease in gold production for 2001 compared to 2000 was directly attributable to the lower gold recoveries achieved when operating on sustained transition ore processing runs.
Comparisons with previous years are shown below:

                               Cash Cost
                   Gold           (exc.          Ore Tonnes
                 Produced      Royalties)          Milled         Ore Grade      Recovery      Throughput
------------ --------------- ---------------- ----------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
                 Ounces           $/oz             Tonnes            g/t             %             tpd
------------ --------------- ---------------- ----------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
2001              87,936           263           2,098,165          2.69           49.6           5,748

2000             108,643           201           2,139,279          2.56           64.4           5,845

1999             130,645           190           2,156,858          2.31           81.4           5,958

1998             122,585           215           2,026,804          2.19           85.8           5,553

1997             108,186           235           1,908,506          2.05           85.9           5,229	

Quarterly production statistics for the Bogoso Mine for 2000 and 2001 are as follows:

                                                                      2001
                                   -------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                     First         Second           Third       Fourth       Total / Average
                                    Quarter        Quarter         Quarter      Quarter           2001
                                   ---------      ---------       ---------    ---------     ---------------
Ore milled (t)                       509,276        536,118         485,645      567,126           2,098,165

Rate (t/day)                           5,659          5,891           5,279        6,164               5,748

Grade (g/t)                             2.82           2.40            3.69         1.98                2.69

Recovery (%)                            44.0           56.4            36.4         70.5                49.6

Gold Production (oz)                  17,811         24,695          20,825       24,605              87,936

Cash cost of production ($/oz)           267            280             268          238                 263	

                                                                       2000
                                   -------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                     First         Second           Third       Fourth       Total / Average
                                    Quarter        Quarter         Quarter      Quarter           2001
                                   ---------      ---------       ---------    ---------     ---------------
Ore milled (t)                       510,537        529,701         580,413      518,628           2,139,279

Rate (t/day)                           5,610          5,821           6,309        5,637               5,845

Grade (g/t)                             2.70           2.84            2.28         2.48                2.56

Recovery (%)                            69.4           63.1            64.1         60.0                64.4

Gold Production (oz)                  29,942         31,606          27,899       19,195             108,643

Cash cost of production ($/oz)           188            187             211          236                 201	

Prior to the fourth quarter of 2001, all ore feed to the process plant originated from pits within the Bogoso concession. During the fourth quarter of 2001, ore feed started to come from the Buesichem pit on the Prestea concession, and by December 2001, no more feed was originating from the Bogoso concession. Overall for the quarter, only 10% of total plant feed came from the Bogoso concession.
The combined Bogoso/Prestea mining operation is expected to produce approximately 134,000 ounces of gold during 2002, at a total cash cost, before royalties, of approximately $175 per ounce. Mill throughput is budgeted at approximately 5,810 tonnes per day of ore. Head grades are anticipated to average 2.46 g/t with a budgeted gold recovery of 79.6%. During 2002, the stripping of waste is expected to result in a waste to ore ratio of approximately 3.38:1.
24

Reserves
We have reported Proven and Probable Reserves for year-end 2001 using a $275 gold price. The reserves are those ore tonnages contained within economically optimized pit envelopes, designed for the oxide, transition and refractory sulfide mineralized material, for the Bogoso Reserves, and for oxide, transition, primary sulfide and refractory sulfide mineralized material for the Prestea Reserves. Current and predicted mine operating costs and performance parameters have been used in the reserve estimation exercise. Our Proven and Probable Reserves at Bogoso/Prestea on December 31, 2001 stood at 19.1 million tonnes at an average grade of 2.97 g/t, representing approximately 1.83 million ounces of gold. This is compared to Proven and Probable Reserves at December 31, 2000 of 2.5 million tonnes at an average grade of 2.2 g/t, representing approximately 0.17 million ounces of gold. The qualified person responsible for supervising the estimation of reserves for BGL is Mr. Dave Alexander, Chief Mining Engineer. Mr. Alexander is a qualified mining engineer, is a member of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, and is a Chartered Engineer under the auspices of the Engineering Council of UK.
The substantial increase in our reserve base is the result of two significant events that occurred during 2001: Firstly, in June 2001, our subsidiary BGL was granted a surface mining lease over the adjoining Prestea concession, to a vertical depth of 200m. This concession has been extensively drilled in the past, and test work carried out on samples of mineralized material has indicated that the material can be successfully treated through BGL's current process plant. These resources have therefore been categorized as reserves, and incorporated into BGL's current mining plan.
Secondly, the final results from the metallurgical test work carried out on samples of refractory sulfide material from below the existing Bogoso pits, demonstrated and confirmed that the material was suitable to bio-oxidation process methods to recover the contained gold. A feasibility study, carried out under the auspices of consultants Steffen Robertson and Kirsten (SRK), has been taken to an advanced stage, including pit designs, capital and operating costing, and economic analyses. The resultant mineralized material within the pits has consequently been moved from a resource classification into a reserve category.
The conversion from the mineralized material into the reserves has been done with due regard of the effects of mining losses and dilution.
The following tables present estimated reserves for the Bogoso/Prestea mines as of December 31, 2001. Reserves estimates for both properties have been prepared by qualified members of our staff. While reserve estimates reported below are the responsibility of Golden Star, Associated Mining Consultants Ltd, ("AMC") of Calgary, Canada, performed an independent review of the Bogoso/Prestea reserves in November 2001 and in their capacity as qualified, independent mineral reserve consultants issued a Qualifying Report which attests to the Proven and Probable Reserves estimates at Bogoso/Prestea as of November 2001. Company personnel subsequently updated AMC's Qualifying Report reserves taking into consideration, materials removed from the mine subsequent to the AMC report and adding additional reserves as new drilling data became available subsequent to AMC's work. See "Item 2. Description of Properties" for a description of the Bogoso/Prestea Mine and "Risk Factors" for a discussion of factors that could affect the following reserve estimates.
TOTAL RESERVES (Including Stockpiles)

                           December 31, 2001                          December 31, 2000
                 ---------------------------------------  ---------------------------------------
                  Proven &                                 Proven &
                  Probable                                 Probable
                  Reserves       Grade      Contained      Reserves       Grade      Contained
                  (tonnes)       (g/t)       Gold (oz)     (tonnes)       (g/t)       Gold (oz)
                 ------------  ----------  -------------  ------------  -----------  ------------
Oxide              5,351,395         2.07       356,340      1,549,000         1.17        58,289

Transition           834,295         2.78        74,457             --           --            --

Primary            3,600,781         3.29       380,305             --           --            --

Refractory         1,987,397         3.01       192,582        916,000         3.82       114,074
Transition

Sulfide            7,322,678         3.50       823,642             --           --            --

Total             19,096,546         2.97     1,827,326      2,465,000         2.19       172,363	

25

Oxide, Transition and Primary Ores are suitable for processing in the existing Bogoso mill. Refractory Transition and Sulfide ores will be processed through the planned sulfide mill facility.
The Company has estimated its 90% share of BGL's Proven and Probable Reserves, as 17.2 million tonnes grading 2.97 g/t, of which 9.7 million tonnes at 3.20 g/t are classified as Proven Reserves and 7.5 million tonnes at 2.68 g/t are classified as Probable Reserves.
BOGOSO RESERVES

                           December 31, 2001                          December 31, 2000
                 ---------------------------------------  ---------------------------------------
                  Proven &                                 Proven &
                  Probable                                 Probable
                  Reserves       Grade      Contained      Reserves       Grade      Contained
                  (tonnes)       (g/t)       Gold (oz)     (tonnes)       (g/t)       Gold (oz)
                 -----------   ----------  ------------   ------------  -----------  ------------
Oxide                601,878         2.04        39,450        203,000         2.51        16,309

Refractory
Transition         1,001,263         3.15       101,308        542,000         3.93        68,289

Sulfide            5,723,161         3.66       673,187             --           --            --

Total              7,326,302         3.45       813,945        745,000         3.56        84,598	

PRESTEA RESERVES

                           December 31, 2001                          December 31, 2000
                 ---------------------------------------  ---------------------------------------
                  Proven &                                 Proven &
                  Probable                                 Probable
                  Reserves       Grade      Contained      Reserves       Grade      Contained
                  (tonnes)       (g/t)       Gold (oz)     (tonnes)       (g/t)       Gold (oz)
                 -----------   ----------  ------------   -----------   -----------  ------------
Oxide              3,745,589         2.37       284,976            --            --            --

Transition           834,295         2.78        74,457            --            --            --

Primary            3,600,781         3.29       380,305            --            --            --

Refractory
Transition           760,905         2.94        71,815            --            --            --

Sulfide            1,599,517         2.93       150,455            --            --            --

Total             10,541,087         2.84       962,008            --            --            --	

STOCKPILES

                           December 31, 2001                          December 31, 2000
                 ---------------------------------------  ---------------------------------------
                  Proven &                                 Proven &
                  Probable                                 Probable
                  Reserves       Grade      Contained      Reserves       Grade      Contained
                  (tonnes)       (g/t)       Gold (oz)     (tonnes)       (g/t)       Gold (oz)
                 -----------   ----------  ------------   -----------   -----------  ------------
Oxide              1,003,928         0.99        31,914     1,346,000          0.97        41,980

Refractory
Transition           225,229         2.69        19,459       374,000          3.67        45,785

Total              1,229,157         1.30        51,373     1,720,000          1.60        87,765	

Mineralized Material
At year-end 2001, BGL had estimated total mineralized material at Bogoso/Prestea of 28.5 million tonnes grading 3.14 g/t, which is inclusive of the Proven and Probable Reserves, stated above. The Bogoso/Prestea Mine oxide and transition mineralized material has been estimated using historic mining costs, processing costs and recoveries with a $300 per ounce gold price. Sulfide mineralized material utilized estimates of bio-oxidation processing recoveries and costs, and also assumed a $300 per ounce gold price. Implementing a 1.0 g/t cut off grade for non-refractory oxide, transition and primary mineralized material yields an estimated total of 14.3 million tonnes grading 2.70 g/t. Refractory sulfide and transition mineralized material at a 2.1 g/t cut off grade totals 14.1 million tonnes grading 3.58 g/t. Golden Star's 90% share of BGL's mineralized material totals 25.6 million tonnes. The mineralized
26

material estimates correspond with measured and indicated resources as defined by the CIM (Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum) and recognized in the Canadian National Instrument 43-101.
The Bogoso mineralized material estimates for 2000 totaled 13.2 million tonnes grading 3.25 g/t. During 2001, mineralized material estimates for the Bogoso concession were reevaluated and reclassified. The revised mineralized material estimates for the Bogoso concession totaled 9.9 million tonnes grading 3.7 g/t. The reduction in the mineralized material for the Bogoso concession is the result of material being processed during 2001 and adjustments to the existing geologic models to reflect a selective mining scenario.
The acquisition of the adjacent Prestea concession accounts for the majority of additional mineralized material during 2001. Mineralized material acquired from the Prestea acquisition totals 18.5 million tonnes grading 2.83 g/t.
The December 2001 year-end mineralized material estimates at Bogoso/Prestea are summarized in the following tables:
BOGOSO MINERALIZED MATERIAL ESTIMATES AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2001

                                                            Measured                         Indicated
                                                  -----------------------------  --------------------------------
                             Cut off Grade g/t      Tonnes       Gold Grade g/t    Tonnes          Gold Grade g/t
                             -----------------    ----------     --------------  -----------       --------------
Oxides                          >1.0 g/t Au          295,717          2.38           636,040             2.17

Transition                      >1.0 g/t Au                0          0.00                 0             0.00

Primary                         >1.0 g/t Au                0          0.00                 0             0.00

Refractory Transition           >2.1 g/t Au          543,517          3.43           804,768             3.34

Sulfide                         >2.1 g/t Au        5,726,781          4.15         1,921,781             3.31

Totals                                             6,566,015          4.01         3,362,590             3.10	

PRESTEA MINERALIZED MATERIAL ESTIMATES AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2001

                                                            Measured                         Indicated
                                                  -----------------------------  --------------------------------
                             Cut off Grade g/t      Tonnes       Gold Grade g/t    Tonnes          Gold Grade g/t
                             -----------------    ----------     --------------  -----------       --------------
Oxides                          >1.0 g/t Au        1,536,554          3.25         3,009,128           2.03

Transition                      >1.0 g/t Au          259,183          3.29           715,473           2.95

Primary                         >1.0 g/t Au        2,792,706          3.20         5,060,305           2.69

Refractory Transition           >2.1 g/t Au          505,984          3.43           291,813           2.90

Sulfide                         >2.1 g/t Au          803,023          3.30         3,569,924           3.01

Totals                                             5,897,450          3.25        12,646,643           2.64	

TOTAL PRESTEA AND BOGOSO MINERALIZED MATERIAL ESTIMATES AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2001

                                                            Measured                         Indicated
                                                  -----------------------------  --------------------------------
                             Cut off Grade g/t      Tonnes       Gold Grade g/t    Tonnes          Gold Grade g/t
                             -----------------    ----------     --------------  -----------       --------------
Oxides                          >1.0 g/t Au        1,832,271          3.11         3,645,169           2.06

Transition                      >1.0 g/t Au          259,183          3.29           715,473           2.95

Primary                         >1.0 g/t Au        2,792,706          3.20         5,060,305           2.69

Refractory Transition           >2.1 g/t Au        1,049,501          3.43         1,096,581           3.22

Sulfide                         >2.1 g/t Au        6,529,804          4.05         5,491,705           3.11

Totals                                            12,463,465          3.65        16,009,233           2.74	

The mineralized material tabulated above has been estimated using a $300 per ounce gold price, average mining-processing costs of $8.19, $9.63, and $15.91/tonne of non-refractory oxide - transition - Primary, refractory transition and refractory sulfide material respectively. Average processing recoveries of 80%, 55% and 86% were
27

used for non-refractory oxide - transition - Primary, refractory transition and refractory sulfide material respectively. An overall mining recovery of 95% was also applied for all materials. Processing costs and recoveries for transition and oxide are based on historic numbers achieved with the current mining fleet and existing CIL plant. Refractory sulfide processing costs and recoveries has been based on estimates for bio-oxidation based on variability and pilot test work conducted on drill core. The resources have been calculated in accordance with the definitions and guidelines adopted by the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum and NI 43-101.
The portion of mineralized material which has not been converted to the proven and probable reserves categories do not qualify under the United States Securities and Exchange Commission standards as being commercially mineable until further drilling, metallurgical work and other economic and technical feasibility factors based upon such work are resolved.
Initial classification of mineralized materials was based on the density of drill data used for the interpolation of each individual mineralized ore block. Blocks where grades were interpolated during the first restricted search ellipse were allocated a class of "indicated". A portion of the indicated blocks was reclassified as "measured" if more than 15 composite grades were used for interpolation. Block grades interpolated during the second long distance search ellipse were all classified as "inferred". The classification above acted as a base for further evaluation based on the criteria defined below:
o Confidence in current data set including, drill hole surveys, assays, topography, specific gravity determinations and depth of weathering.
o Continuity of mineralization, thickness and extent both along strike and down dip.
o Density and type of data, reverse circulation, rotary air blast, diamond drill, trench, grade control and cross cut data.
The classification of the mineralized material conforms to definitions by the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum.
In 1999, SRK conducted a major review of BGL's mineralized material and reserve estimation procedures. SRK continues to assist BGL with geostatistical evaluation and modelling using Gemcom(R) software.
During October 2001, as required by the Ontario Securities Commission, an independent technical report was produced by Associated Mining Consultants Ltd ("AMC") on behalf of Golden Star. As part of its due diligence, an AMC sister company, IMC (Australia) Pty. Ltd, conducted an audit of the Gemcom(R) files used to produce the volumetric and grade estimations which form the basis of the mineralized material statements.
Sulfide mineralized material estimates for the sulfide feasibility study on the Bogoso portion of the concession were based on 1,139 reverse circulation drill holes totalling 35,251 m, 517 diamond drill holes totalling 52,654 m and 5,941 rotary air blast holes totalling 137,677 m. Included in the drilling above, 221 new drill holes totalling 24,450 m were drilled during 2000 and 2001 as part of our sulfide feasibility study, of which 8,187 m were HQ or PQ core. This includes 1,110 m of oriented core for geotechnical and hydrogeological modelling. Mineralized material estimates on the Prestea portion of the concession are based on drilling by JCI and Barnex (Prestea) Limited, who completed 1,003 drill holes totalling 88,331 m of diamond, reverse circulation and rotary air blast drilling between July 1995 and April 1999. This was comprised of 48,604 m of reverse circulation drilling, 36,915 m of diamond drilling and 2,813 m of rotary air blast drilling and resulted in 95,182 analytical samples.
The information in this report that relates to mineralized material is based on information compiled and or validated by Mr. S. Mitchel Wasel an employee of Golden Star, who following the acquisition of the mine in late 1999 has assumed the position of Exploration Manager for BGL. Mr. Wasel qualifies as the competent person responsible for overseeing mineralized material estimates. Mr. Wasel is a qualified geologist who has 14 years of experience in gold and base metal exploration and is a Member of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.
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Work Program
Exploration activities during 2001 concentrated on validating and re-estimating resources on the Prestea concession. Rotary air blast drilling was used in 2001 as part of the Prestea due diligence and for delineation of additional oxide resources on the Bogoso concession.
Budgeted exploration for 2002 will include further evaluation of the Prestea concession. Additional potential exists to define mineralized material north and south of the existing Prestea underground mine. Exploration activities on the Prestea concession will involve follow up soil geochemistry, extensive RAB drilling and further reverse circulation drilling to delineate additional mineralized material.
The Company has continued to acquire additional concessions near the Bogoso
mill. Currently the Company has finalized five joint ventures with concession holders on the Akropong trend west of the Bogoso mill. In addition to the five joint ventures, Golden Star has applied for two additional land packages along the Akropong trend to the south and east of the current land holdings.
In addition to acquiring mineral concessions along the Akropong trend, the Company will be pursuing Joint venture partners in other prospective localities in Ghana. For further clarification, refer to the exploration project portion of this document.
Environment
BGL is in substantial compliance with the environmental requirements imposed by Ghanaian laws and guidelines and applicable guidelines and standards published by the World Bank. BGL completed significant work during 1999 to identify the outstanding reclamation liability and to prepare a rehabilitation work plan. Significant work has been performed during 2000 and 2001 to advance this plan and to reduce the outstanding reclamation liability. Expenditures for ongoing rehabilitation work, including the capping of sulfide material and the contouring and re-vegetation of waste dumps, were approximately $0.7 million during 2000. An additional $0.2 million was spent on reclamation activities during 2001. As at December 31, 2001, BGL had $3.3 million of restricted funds set aside for environmental reclamation of the Bogoso Mine.
EXPLORATION PROJECTS IN GHANA
We have entered into five option agreements along the Akropong trend since the acquisition of BGL in September 1999. Each option agreement entitles BGL to acquire a 100% interest in mineral properties located on the Akropong trend and within approximately 20 to 25 kilometers from the BGL plant. In addition to the option agreements, BGL has applied for two prospecting licenses to the south and east of the Akropong trend. The total surface area of the mineral properties covered in the option agreements and applications is approximately 409 square kilometers. An aggregate of $0.3 million has been paid to the owners of these projects in consideration for the grant of the options. The objective of this work is to acquire potential mining opportunities in the immediate vicinity of the Bogoso/Prestea Mine that may, in the future, provide additional sources of millfeed for the Bogoso mill. All these projects are at an early stage of exploration and to date they do not have, and ultimately may not have, proven and probable reserves. The seven properties are referred to hereinafter as the "Akropong Projects".
In 2001, exploration activities on the Akropong projects concentrated on Flagbase, Pampe and Amenfi. Exploration activities for 2001 included regional mapping, soil geochemistry and sampling of old mine workings. Exploration work conducted in 2001 has enabled the prioritization of the Akropong Projects. Excluding property payments and geologists time, exploration expenditures totaled approximately $0.4 million.
Budgeted expenditures for the Akropong Projects total approximately $0.2 million for 2002. Exploration work for 2002 will involve soil geochemistry surveys, mechanized trenching and initial RAB drilling. Testing positive deep auger anomalies and up dip extensions of mineralization intersected in previous diamond drill holes and a preliminary RAB drilling program will be initiated along the Pampe South anomaly. Manual trenching and additional mapping has been budgeted for the Flagbase concession to determine the attitude and controls of gold mineralization. The additional information collected at Flagbase will be used to plan initial RAB drilling at Flagbase in 2003. Follow up soil geochemistry will be conducted at Amenfi to delineate the source of the alluvial
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gold defined by the 2001 stream sampling program. Further regional stream sampling has been planned to cover the entire Akropong concession holdings. Expenditures given are estimates and may vary dependent on actual results.
Golden Star is currently negotiating on several other properties in Ghana and expects to close option agreements on these properties in 2002.
SOUTH AMERICAN PROJECTS
Guiana Shield Transactions
We have reached agreement with Cambior on a series of transactions involving several of our exploration and development properties in South America, including the sale of our interest in Gross Rosebel. The transaction, referred to as the "Guiana Shield Transaction", is expected to be completed in April 2002. The elements of the total Guiana Shield Transaction package include the following:
Golden Star will sell its 50% interest in Gross Rosebel in Suriname to Cambior for a total purchase consideration of $8.0 million in cash plus a price participation royalty on the first seven million ounces of future gold production from Gross Rosebel. Golden Star will receive the initial $5.0 million payment from Cambior on closing and three deferred payments of $1.0 million each no later than the second, third, and fourth anniversaries of the closing. Once commercial production begins, Cambior will also pay a price participation royalty, equal to the excess of the average market price for gold for each quarter above a hurdle gold price multiplied by 10% of the gold production for the quarter, less the 2% royalty payable in Suriname. For soft ores, the hurdle gold price will be $300 per ounce. For hard ores, the hurdle gold price will be $350 per ounce.
Golden Star will transfer its 100% interest in the Headley's Reef and Thunder Mountain properties, which are located south and east of Gross Rosebel, to Cambior for $1.00 plus a conditional future payment of $1.0 million triggered by Cambior commencing commercial mining operations from these properties.
Golden Star has also agreed to sell its 30% equity interest and preferred shares in Omai Gold Mines Limited ("OGML"), which operates the Omai gold mine in Guyana, in consideration for the assumption by Cambior of the unpaid portion of the non-interest bearing loan made to Golden Star by OGML in December 1998.
Cambior has agreed to transfer its 50% interest in the Yaou and Dorlin properties in French Guiana and its 100% interest in the Bois Canon property, also in French Guiana, to Golden Star. This portion of the transaction increased our beneficial interest in the Yaou and Dorlin properties so that Golden Star and Guyanor now own 100% of these concessions.
Because we have agreed to sell our interest in the above-described properties to Cambior, and expect the transaction to close in April 2002, we have omitted detailed descriptions of the properties being sold to Cambior. Such descriptions are contained in prior reports filed by us with the SEC.
French Guiana Properties
Upon closing, the bulk of our properties in South America will be the French Guiana properties held through Guyanor. French Guiana is part of the French national territory and has been an overseas "Departement" of France since 1946. The Departement, with an area of 84,000 km2 and a population of approximately 130,000, has two representatives in the French National Assembly and one representative in the French Senate. Under the French Constitution, French Guiana is governed by the same laws as metropolitan France, subject to modifications (including those affecting tax and mining laws and regulations) that may be adopted to reflect the historical, cultural, geographical and economic characteristics of French Guiana and provide for regional administration. "). Guyanor is a societe anonyme incorporated under the laws of France on April 20, 1993 with its head and registered offices located at 9 Lot. MontJoyeux, 97337 Cayenne-Cedex, French Guiana.
At December 31, 2001, Guyanor owned mineral rights (either directly or through its subsidiaries) for the Yaou, Dorlin, Paul Isnard, Eau-Blanche and St-Elie gold projects. All of the properties are in the exploration stage.
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During 2001, Guyanor spent $1.0 million on exploration and in care and maintenance expenditures, of which $0.8 million was furnished by a joint venture partner (see discussion in Item 7. - "Significant Events During 2001 and Recent Developments). In 2000, Guyanor spent $1.6 million, $0.8 million of which was reimbursed by joint venture partners. During 2001, it was determined, given the historically low gold prices, lack of funds to continue active exploration and the change in the Company's focus, that Paul Isnard, Guyanor's remaining active exploration project, was impaired. Accordingly the remaining $6.9 million of deferred exploration costs associated with the Paul Isnard property were written off. Title to the mineral rights, however, will be retained.
YAOU AND DORLIN
The Properties
The Yaou exploration permit covers an area of 52 km2 located some 210 km southwest of Cayenne, French Guiana. Access to the property is by helicopter or four-wheel drive vehicle on 17 km of dirt road from the town of Maripasoula, which is accessible by chartered and daily scheduled fixed-wing aircraft from Cayenne.
The Dorlin exploration permit covers an area of 84 km2 located some 180 km southwest of Cayenne and 60 km east of Maripasoula. The property is accessible by helicopter and a 500 m airstrip located on the property is suitable for fixed wing aircraft. Access is also available by boat during the rainy season.
Geology
The geology of the Yaou project area consists of a folded and sheared sequence of Lower Proterozoic mafic and ultramafic volcanics and volcaniclastics, with minor intercalations of fine-grained clastic sediments. Prior to folding, these were intruded by dioritic bodies. Two generations of granitic plutons bound the property to the east and south. A north-north-west striking dolerite dyke of Permo-Triassic age cuts through the property. Exploration has defined three principal zones of gold mineralisation, mainly associated with narrow, deformed felsic intrusive bodies and finely laminated felsic tuffs. These zones, Yaou Central, Chaina and IJK, have been evaluated by intensive deep augering, trenching and core drilling.
The geology of the Dorlin project area consists of sheared and folded greenstone units of Lower Paramaca sequence. Exploration has identified an 11km long zone of soil geochemistry anomalies associated with a radiometric potassium anomaly. Within this anomalous zone one major, N-S trending gold mineralized system, Montagne Nivre, associated with tourmalinization, silicification and pyritization, has been intensively explored by deep auger, trenching and core drilling.
Work Program
In 2001, at the Yaou and Dorlin remained on care and maintenance. We believe that the price of gold must improve substantially in order to have an economically feasible project.
In 2001, Guyanor's expenditures on Yaou and Dorlin totaled less than $0.1 million. During 2000, Guyanor spent a total of $0.3 million on the Yaou and Dorlin projects, of which Cambior reimbursed $0.2 million. Guyanor has budgeted less than $0.1 million in 2002 for its shares of expenditures at Yaou and Dorlin. During 2000, the Yaou and Dorlin projects were determined to be impaired and written off.
Mineralized Material
At year-end 2000, Cambior reported its 50% share of mineralized material for Yaou and Dorlin, using a long-term gold price assumption of $300/oz (as compared with $325/oz in 1999), as 6.9 million tonnes grading 2.1g/t. The Company's share of the mineralized material for Yaou and Dorlin is 6.9 million tonnes grading 2.1 g/t compared to 8.2 million tonnes grading at 1.9g/t in 1999. The qualified person responsible for the estimation of mineralized material for the Yaou and Dorlin project is Mr. Francis Clouston, Project Assessment Engineer for Cambior. The Company has not independently verified the estimates reported by Cambior for Yaou and Dorlin.
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The Company is reporting these results as mineralized material. Mineralized material does not represent reserves and has not been included in the Company's proven and probable reserve estimates because even though enough drilling and trenching indicate a sufficient amount and grade to warrant further exploration or development expenditures, these mineral deposits do not qualify under the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission standards as being commercially minable until further drilling, metallurgical work and other economic and technical feasibility factors based upon such work are resolved.
The Guiana Shield Transaction
Cambior has agreed to transfer its 50% interest in the Yaou and Dorlin properties in French Guiana (and its 100% interest in the Bois Canon property, also in French Guiana), to Golden Star. This portion of the transaction will increase our beneficial interest in the Yaou and Dorlin properties so that Golden Star and Guyanor now own 100% of these concessions.
PAUL ISNARD
On October 29, 1994, Guyanor acquired an interest in the Paul Isnard and Eau Blanche projects by way of the acquisition of all of the outstanding shares of Societe de Travaux Publics et de Mines Auriferes en Guyane ("SOTRAPMAG"). SOTRAPMAG held, directly or indirectly, eight mineral concessions (the "Paul Isnard Concessions") and four type "B" exploration permits. Since then, all type "B" permits have expired or were relinquished. The concessions will expire on December 31, 2018 but can be renewed for an additional 25 years. A type "A" permit covering an area of approximately 326 km2 was granted to Guyanor on November 30, 1999 for an initial period of three years. The type "A" permit includes most of the area covered by the four type "B" permits as well as a new area adjacent to the Paul Isnard property. In this report, unless the context indicates otherwise, the term the "Paul Isnard" refers to the Paul Isnard and Eau Blanche properties.
Agreement with Rio Tinto
In January 2001, Guyanor and Rio Tinto Mining and Exploration Limited ("Rio Tinto") entered into a Heads of Agreement with respect to the Paul Isnard project. The area covered by the agreement included the eight concessions held by SOTRAPMAG and the western part of the type "A" permit held by Guyanor, covering a total area of 216 km(2). The remaining 214 km(2) in the eastern part of the exploration permit was not included in the joint venture, although Rio Tinto had a preemptive right over the area.
Under the terms of the agreement, Rio Tinto could earn a 40% participating interest in the joint venture by incurring expenditures of at least $2,250,000 on the project on or before the third anniversary of the agreement. Rio Tinto could also acquire an additional 30% participating interest in the joint venture by incurring expenditures, without contribution by Guyanor of at least $6,750,000 on or before the fifth anniversary of the agreement. The Rio Tinto-funded work on the Paul Isnard project was completed in August 2001. Based upon its review of the project results, Rio Tinto announced in September 2001 that it was opting to withdraw from the Heads of Agreement and would not fund additional exploration efforts.
The Properties
The Paul Isnard project is located in the western part of French Guiana, some 200 km west of Cayenne. The property is accessible from St-Laurent-du-Maroni, either by air, at a distance of 75 km to the south, or by means of a 115 km-long laterite road. The first 62-km section of this road is maintained by the government and the remaining 53-km section by SOTRAPMAG.
Geology
The Paul Isnard project covers a Lower Proterozoic greenstone belt comprised dominantly of mafic metavolcanic rocks with lesser felsic meta volcanic rocks, metavolcaniclastics and meta sediments. These have been intruded by intermediate granitic rocks of similar age.
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The Decou-Decou mountain located to the south of the property is formed of volcanic rocks that, at the summit, are covered by degraded lateritic layers. The Lucifer mountain to the north-east is formed of basic intrusive rocks. The basin between the mountains is underlain by a Proterozoic sequence of mafic to felsic volcanics and clastic sediments of the Paramaca and Orapu groups, cut by ultramafic to felsic intrusives.
At Montagne D'Or the host stratigraphy for mineralization is a +400m thick section of bi-modal felsic and mafic volcanics with lesser volcaniclastics, particularly at the base. The eastern part of the section contains more mafic volcanics than the western section. The section is intruded by a largely post mineral and later deformation swarm of mafic dykes or sills. The section contains at least three unique time stratigraphic horizons marked by chemical sediments and thin lithologically distinctive flows designated as "favorable sequences".
Mineralization consists of two principal types: disseminated zones or stringer mineralization and semi-massive (SMS) mineralization. The SMS occurs mainly within the favorable sequences that can be reasonably correlated between the widely spaced (200m) drill sections. Both contain mainly pyrite with lesser pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite and arsenopyrite. A third more localized mineralization type, "highly chloritic one" has also been identified.
Work Program
Total expenditures in 2001 were $1.0 million for Paul Isnard. Total expenditures in 2000 were $0.5 million. Golden Star loaned $830,000 from the private placement proceeds received from Rio Tinto in January to fund the first semester 2001 work program on Paul Isnard. During 2000, $2.0 million of past capitalized exploration work on the Paul Isnard alluvial areas was impaired and written off. During 2001, following Rio Tinto's withdrawal from the above mentioned agreement, the remaining $6.9 million of deferred exploration costs were also written off bringing the capitalized basis to zero.
Mineralized Material
The mineralized material reported by the Company was estimated in February 1999. The Company estimated its 73% share of Paul Isnard, using a $325 gold price, as 4.4 million tonnes grading 2.8 g/t. This report only reflects mineralized material estimated to be present within the open pits modeled by the Company. The qualified person responsible for the estimation of mineralized material for the Paul Isnard project was Declan Costelloe, former Manager Mining Geology, for the Company.
Mineralized material does not represent reserves and has not been included in the Company's proven and probable reserve estimates because even though enough drilling and trenching indicate a sufficient amount and grade to warrant further exploration or development expenditures, these mineral deposits do not qualify under the United States Securities and Exchange Commission standards as being commercially minable until further drilling, metallurgical work and other economic and technical feasibility factors based upon such work are resolved.
Exploitation Authorization Given for Alluvial Mining Titles by Third Parties
Guyanor has granted the right to twenty-two small scale mining companies or individuals to apply for Exploitation Authorization on specific areas located within the Paul Isnard concessions and the Type A permit. The French government created this new type of mining title in connection with the recent revisions to the Mining Code. This new title, referred to as "AEX", grants to small-scale alluvial miners the right to mine within a specific area of 1 km(2). The titleholder of an AEX is responsible for all potential environmental damages. Under separate agreements with each applicant, Guyanor is entitled to receive as compensation a certain percentage of the value of the gold extracted.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
There are currently no material pending legal proceedings to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or to which any of its properties or those of any of its subsidiaries is subject. The Company and its subsidiaries are, however, engaged in routine litigation incidental to their business. No material legal proceedings involving the
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Company are pending, or, to the knowledge of the Company, contemplated, by any governmental authority. The Company is not aware of any material events of non-compliance with environmental laws and regulations. The exact nature of environmental control problems, if any, which the Company may encounter in the future cannot be predicted, primarily because of the changing character of environmental requirements that may be enacted within foreign jurisdictions. For a description of the type of legal and regulatory environment in which the Company does business, see "Item 1. Description of Business - Risk Factors" and "Item 2. Description of Properties - General".
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
No matters were submitted to a vote of security holders during the fourth quarter of 2001.
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CONVERSION FACTORS AND ABBREVIATIONS
For ease of reference, the following conversion factors are provided:

1 acre                      = 0.4047 hectare                     1 mile                 = 1.6093 kilometers
1 foot                      = 0.3048 meter                       1 troy ounce           = 31.1035 grams
1 gram per tonne            = 0.0292 ounce per short ton         1 square mile          = 2.59 square kilometers
1 short ton (2000 pounds)   = 0.9072 tonne                       1 square kilometer     = 100 hectares
1 metric tonne              = 1,000 kg or 2,204.6 pounds
1 kilogram                  = 2.2 pounds or 32.151 troy ounce	

The following abbreviations of measurements are used herein:

Au       = gold                          m         = meter
Ct       = carat                         m2        = square meter
Ct/m2    = carats per square meter       m3        = cubic meter
G        = gram                          mg        = milligram
g/t      = grams of gold per tonne       mg/m3     = milligrams per cubic meter
Ha       = hectare                       t         = metric tonne
Km       = kilometer                     oz        = troy ounce
Km2      = square kilometers             ppb       = parts per billion
Kg       = kilogram	

Note: All units in the text are stated in metric measurements unless otherwise noted.
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Note: The definitions of Proven (Measured) and Probable (Indicated) reserves set forth below are those used in the United States by the Securities and Exchange Commission and are set forth in SEC Industry Guide 7.
These definitions are substantially the same as those applied in Canada as set forth in National Instrument 43-101.

RESERVE                           That part of a mineral deposit which could be
                                  economically and legally extracted or produced
                                  at the time of the reserve determination.

PROVEN RESERVES                   Reserves for which (a) quantity is computed
                                  from dimensions revealed in outcrops,
                                  trenches, workings or drill holes; grade
                                  and/or quality are computed from the results
                                  of detailed sampling and (b) the sites for
                                  inspection, sampling and measurement are
                                  spaced so closely and the geologic character
                                  is so well defined that size, shape, depth,
                                  and mineral content of reserves are
                                  well-established.

PROBABLE RESERVES                 Reserves for which quantity and grade and/or
                                  quality are computed from information similar
                                  to that used for proven (measured) reserves,
                                  but the sites for inspection, sampling and
                                  measurement are farther apart or are otherwise
                                  less adequately spaced. The degree of
                                  assurance, although lower than that for proven
                                  reserves, is high enough to assume continuity
                                  between points of observation.	

The following definitions of the stages of the exploration and development process are used by Golden Star. There can be no assurance that the terminology used by us is consistent with the terminology used by other companies in the mining industry or by industry analysts.

EARLY STAGE                an early stage exploration prospect typically
                           involves one or more targets within an area which
                           have been determined to merit further follow-up work
                           based on a combination of geological, geochemical and
                           geophysical analysis. The objective of an early stage
                           prospect typically is to better define targets that
                           have the potential to be advanced to the next state
                           of exploration and level of financial commitment.

ADVANCED STAGE             an advanced exploration stage prospect typically
                           involves testing targets at depth and generating the
                           information necessary to develop a three dimensional
                           geologic model of the mineralized zone, which may be
                           used to demonstrate mineralized materials and/or
                           reserves. This typically is accomplished by trenching
                           and drilling.

FEASIBILITY STAGE          during the feasibility stage, exploration continues
                           to further increase confidence in mineralization
                           while attempting to further expand them. During this
                           stage, management develops in detail the necessary
                           engineering and costing for mining, processing, power
                           and infrastructure, as well as the designs for the
                           plant and equipment required to construct and operate
                           a modern mining operation. It is at the end of this
                           stage that mineralization may be categorized as
                           proven and/or probable reserves if a positive mining
                           decision is justified. The feasibility stage normally
                           incorporates several phases of work which involve
                           increasing levels of detail including (i) scoping
                           study, (ii) pre-feasibility study, and (iii) bankable
                           feasibility study.

MINE                       mining is the process of transforming a reserve into
                           benefits for its owners (debt, equity and employees),
                           governments and communities. Exploration continues
                           during the mining process and, in many cases,
                           reserves are expanded during the life of the mine
                           operations as the exploration potential of the
                           deposit is realized.	

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ALLUVIUM, ALLUVIALS a general term for clay, silt, sand, gravel or other material deposited by a body of water usually during recent geological time
ALTERATION any change in the mineral composition of a rock brought about by physical or chemical means
ANOMALY a deviation from uniformity or regularity in geochemical or geophysical quantities
ASSAY to analyze the proportions of metals in an ore
BASIC an igneous rock having a relatively low silica content, sometimes delimited arbitrarily as less than 54%
BIOOXIDATION a processing method which uses bacteria to oxidize refractory sulfide ore to make it amenable to normal oxide ore processing techniques such as carbon in leach
BLEG (Bulk Leach Extractable Gold) an analytical method for determining very low levels of gold in material
BIRIMIAN a thick and extensive sequence of proterozoic age metamorphosed sediments and volcanics first identified in the Birim region of southern Ghana
CARBON IN LEACH OR CIL an ore processing method involving the use of cyanide where activated carbon which has been added to the leach tanks is used to absorb gold containing solutions
CAUSTIC DIGESTION a technique involving the application of strong acid to a potentially diamond bearing rock sample so as to dissolve minerals completely which are more susceptible to solution on exposure to acid. The remaining undissolved minerals which are artificially concentrated may be studied to determine the presence of diamonds or diamond indicator minerals
CLASTIC a rock or sediment composed of broken fragments derived from preexisting rocks or minerals
DIAMOND DRILLING a variety of rotary drilling in which diamond bits are used as the rock-cutting tool to produce a recoverable core of rock for observation and assay
DILATION deformation by an increase in volume DIP the angle that a structural surface, a bedding or fault plane, makes with the horizontal, measured perpendicular to the strike of the structure
DISSEMINATED where minerals occur as scattered particles in the rock
DYKE a near vertical fracture in the earth's crust which has been filled by an intrusive rock
ELLUVIAL an incoherent ore deposit resulting from decomposition or disintegration of rock in place
FAULT a surface or zone of rock fracture along which there has been displacement
FELSIC an adjective describing an igneous rock having most light colored minerals and rich in Si, K and Na
FOLD a curve or bend of a planar structure such as rock strata, bedding planes, foliation, or cleavage
FORMATION a distinct layer of sedimentary rock of similar composition
GEOCHEMISTRY the study of the distribution and amounts of the chemical elements in minerals, ores, rocks, solids, water, and the atmosphere
GEOLOGICAL MAPPING the recording of geologic information such as the distribution and nature of rock units and the occurrence of structural features, mineral deposits, and fossil localities
GEOPHYSICS the study of the earth; in particular the physics of the solid earth, the atmosphere and the earth's magnetosphere
GEOTECHNICAL the study of ground stability
GRANITE a medium to coarse grained igneous intrusive rock in which quartz constitutes 10 to 50 percent of the felsic components
GRANODIORITE a medium to coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock, intermediate in composition between quartz diorite and quartz monzonite
GREENSTONE a sequence of usually metamorphosed volcanic-sedimentary rock assemblages
HEAP LEACH a mineral processing method involving the crushing and stacking of an ore on an impermeable liner upon which solutions may be sprayed that dissolve metals i.e. gold/copper etc.; the solutions containing the metals are then collected and treated to recover the metals
HYDROGEOLOGICAL the study of subsurface water (groundwater)
HYDROTHERMAL the products of the actions of heated water, such as a mineral deposit precipitated from a hot solution
INTRUSION; INTRUSIVE molten rock which is intruded (injected) into spaces or fractures created in existing rock; spaces are created by a combination of melting and displacement
ISLAND-ARC SEQUENCE rocks which originally formed adjacent to a continental margin; Island-Arc sequences frequently contain rocks of both volcanic and sedimentary origin
KIMBERLITE an intrusive ultra-mafic rock which has ascended rapidly from the mantle/lower crust margin to the surface of the earth; kimberlites frequently contain diamonds
LAMPROITE lamproites are ultra-mafic intrusive rocks with intrusion mechanisms similar to kimberlites but with distinctly different chemical compositions; lamproites have greater mineralogical and textural variations than kimberlites
LATERITE highly weathered residual surficial soils and decomposed rocks, rich in iron and aluminum oxides that are characteristically developed in tropical climates
MAFIC an adjective describing an igneous rock composed mostly of one or more ferromagnesian, dark-colored minerals; also, said of those minerals
MASSIVE said of a mineral deposit, especially s, characterized by a great concentration of ore in one place, as opposed to a disseminated or veinlike deposit
METASEDIMENT a sedimentary rock which shows evidence of having been subjected to metamorphism
METAVOLCANIC a volcanic rock which shows evidence of having been subjected to metamorphism
MINERAL a naturally formed chemical element or compound having a definite chemical composition and, usually, a characteristic crystal form
MINERALIZATION a natural occurrence in rocks or soil of one or more metalliferous minerals
MOBILE METAL ION (MMI) a special geochemical method which detects low levels of metals in soil and other surface samples
OUTCROP that part of a geologic formation or structure that appears at the surface of the earth
POLYMETALLIC a deposit containing more than one metal
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PROTEROZOIC the more recent time division of the Precambrian; rocks aged between 2500 and 550 million years old
PYRITIZATION the in situ alteration of a rock involving the additional of sulfur to the rock mass in fluids which reacts with both iron oxides and mafic minerals resulting in the formation of Iron Sulfide (Pyrite) often referred to as "fools gold"
QUARTZ crystalline silica; silicon dioxide
REFRACTORY ore containing gold that cannot be satisfactorily recovered by basic gravity concentration or simple cyanidation
REVERSE CIRCULATION DRILLING (RC) a drilling method used in geological appraisals whereby the drilling fluid passes inside the drill stem to a down-the-hole precision bit and returns to the surface outside the drill stem carrying chips of rock
ROTARY AIR BLAST DRILLING (RAB), a drilling method used in geological appraisals whereby air or drilling fluid passes inside the inner tube of a double tube system to a down-the-hole percussion bit and returns to the surface outside the inner tube but inside the outer tube carrying chips of rock
SAPROLITE a soft, earthy, clay-rich and thoroughly decomposed rock formed in place by chemical weathering of igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic rocks which retains the original structure of the unweathered rock
SHEAR ZONE a tabular zone of rock that has been crushed and brecciated by many parallel fractures due to shear strain
SHEAR a form of strain resulting from stresses that cause or tend to cause contiguous parts of a body of rock to slide relatively to each other in a direction parallel to their plane of contact
SHIELD a large area of exposed basement rocks often surrounded by younger rocks,
e.g. Guyana Shield
SILICIFICATION the in situ alteration of a rock which involves an increase in the proportion of silica minerals including quartz. The silica is frequently introduced by hydrothermal solutions as for example in hot springs.
SILL a near horizontal fracture in the earth's crust which has been filled by an intrusive rock
STOCK an igneous intrusion that is less than 100 square kilometers in surface exposure
STOCKWORK a mineral deposit in the form of a network of veinlets diffused in the country rock
STRIKE the direction or trend that a structural surface, e.g. a bedding or fault plane, takes as it intersects the horizontal
STRIP to remove overburden in order to expose ore
SULFIDE a mineral including sulfur (S) and Iron (Fe) as well as other elements
SURFICIAL situated, formed, or occurring on or close to the Earth's surface
SYNCLINE a concave downward fold, the core of which contains the stratigraphically younger rocks
TARKWAIAN a scattered group of mainly shallow water sedimentary rocks of proterozoic age named after the town of Tarkwa in southern Ghana where they were found to be gold bearing
TOURMALINIZATION the in situ alteration of a rock which involves the development of tourmaline type minerals. The alteration is generally medium to high temperature and is frequently accompanied by silicification
TUFF volcanic rocks which consist of generally fine grained material ejected from a volcano; particle sizes vary from very fine grained ash to coarser, bean to nut size pebbles which are known as "Lapilli"
ULTRAMAFIC an igneous rock composed chiefly of mafic minerals with unusually high % of Mg, Ca and Fe
VEIN a thin, sheetlike crosscutting body of hydrothermal mineralization, principally quartz
VOLCANIC MASSIVE SULFIDE (VMS) mineral deposits formed by volcanic processes and the activities of thermal springs at the bottom of bodies of water
VOLCANICS those originally molten rocks, generally fine grained, that have reached or nearly reached the Earth's surface before solidifying
VOLCANO/SEDIMENTARY rocks composed of materials of both volcanic and sedimentary origin WALL ROCK the rock adjacent to a vein
WEATHERING the destructive process constituting that part of erosion whereby earthy and rocky materials on exposure to atmospheric agents at or near the Earth's surface are changed in character with little or no transport of the loosened or altered material
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PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
At the beginning of 2001 our common shares were listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange ("TSE") under the trading symbol "GSC" and on the American Stock Exchange ("Amex") under the trading symbol "GSR". Our shares were de-listed from Amex on January 26, 2001, and immediately began trading on the Nasdaq OTC Bulletin Board ("OTCBB"). As of March 22, 2002, 62,109,432 common shares were outstanding and we had 906 shareholders of record. On March 22, 2002, the closing price per share for our common shares, as reported by the TSE was Cdn$2.70 and as reported by the OTCBB was $1.71.
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low market closing prices per share of our common shares as reported by the TSE and the OTC Bulletin Board.

                                Toronto Stock Exchange            OTC Bulletin Board
                              --------------------------      --------------------------
                               Cdn$                Cdn$          $                  $
                               High                 Low        High                 Low
                              ------               -----      ------               -----
2001:
         First Quarter         0.76                 0.43        0.50                0.28
         Second Quarter        1.15                 0.45        0.72                .029
         Third Quarter         1.45                 .062        0.90                .042
         Fourth Quarter        1.53                 .088        0.97                .055	

2000:                          Toronto Stock Exchange         American Stock Exchange
                               ----------------------         -----------------------
         First Quarter          2.35             1.17         1.63               0.81
         Second Quarter         1.80             1.22         1.19               0.81
         Third Quarter          1.35             0.85         0.94               0.56
         Fourth Quarter         1.15             0.62         0.75               0.38	

We have not declared or paid cash dividends on our common shares since our inception. Future dividend decisions will consider then current business results, cash requirements and the financial condition of the Company.
CERTAIN CANADIAN FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
The following summarizes the principal Canadian federal income tax considerations applicable to the holding and disposition of a common share of the Company (a "Common Share") by a holder (the "Holder") of one or more Common Shares who is resident in the United States of America and holds the Common Shares as capital property. This summary is based on the current provisions of the Canada-United States Income Tax Convention (1980) (the "Treaty"), Income Tax Act (Canada) (the "Tax Act"), the regulations there under and all amendments to the Tax Act publicly proposed by the government of Canada to the date hereof. It is assumed that each such amendment will be enacted as proposed and there is no other relevant change in any governing law, although no assurance can be given in these respects.
Every Holder is liable to pay a withholding tax on every dividend that is or is deemed to be paid or credited to him on his Common Shares. Under the Treaty, the rate of withholding tax is 5% of the gross amount of the dividend where the Holder is a company that owns at least 10% of the voting stock of the Company and beneficially owns the dividend, and 15% in any other case.
Under the Tax Act, a Holder will not be subject to Canadian tax on any capital gain realized on an actual or deemed disposition of a Common Share, including a deemed disposition at death, provided that he did not hold the Common Share as capital property used in carrying on a business in Canada, and that neither he nor persons with whom he did not deal at arm's length alone or together owned 25% or more of the issued shares of any class of the Company at any time in the five years immediately preceding the disposition.
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A Holder who is liable under the Tax Act for Canadian tax in respect of a capital gain realized on an actual or deemed disposition of a Common Share will be relieved under the Treaty from such liability unless
(a) the Common Share formed part of the business property of a permanent establishment or fixed base in Canada that the Holder has or had within the twelve-month period preceding the disposition, or
(b) the Holder
(i) was resident in Canada for 120 months during any period of 20 consecutive years preceding the disposition, and
(ii) was resident in Canada at any time during the ten years immediately preceding the disposition, and
(iii) owned the Common Share when he ceased to be a resident of Canada.
This summary is of a general nature and is not intended, nor should it be construed, to be legal or tax advice to any particular Shareholder. SHAREHOLDERS SHOULD CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISERS AS TO THE INCOME AND OTHER TAX CONSEQUENCES ARISING IN THEIR PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES.
Tax return preparation is currently in arrears, with 1999 and 2000 returns currently incomplete. It is our plan to bring all tax filing current by the end of 2002.
CERTAIN UNITED STATES INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
A passive foreign investment company ("PFIC") is a foreign corporation that meets either an income test (75% or more of the gross income of such corporation for the taxable year is passive income) or an asset test (the average percentage of assets held by such corporation during the taxable year which produce passive income or which are held for the production of passive income is at least 50%).
In prior years, we have included a section in our public filings that discussed the PFIC rules and their potential application to Golden Star. However, it is now our belief that no material risk exists that Golden Star can be considered a PFIC for U.S. tax purposes, since we believe that we do not meet the "income" or "asset" tests described above for purposes of being considered a PFIC.
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The selected financial data set forth below are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2000, 1999, 1998, and 1997, and should be read in conjunction with those financial statements and the footnotes thereto. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Canadian generally accepted accounting principles ("Cdn GAAP"). Selected financial data derived in accordance with United States GAAP ("US GAAP") has also been provided and should be read in conjunction with Footnote 16 to the financial statements. For US GAAP reconciliation items, see the attached consolidated financial statements and notes. Reference should also be made to "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations".
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SUMMARY OF FINANCIAL CONDITION DATA AT END OF PERIOD:
(Amounts in thousands except per share data)

                            As of           As of           As of           As of           As of
       CDN GAAP          December 31,    December 31,    December 31,    December 31,    December 31,
                             2001            2000            1999            1998            1997
-----------------------  ------------    ------------    ------------    ------------    ------------
Working capital             $(5,149)         $ 4,452         $ 6,020         $ 6,516         $16,427

Current assets                 9,636          12,960          13,957           8,216          20,152

Total assets                  36,552          49,469          74,352          68,597          89,122

Current liabilities           14,785           8,508           7,937           1,700           3,725

Shareholders' equity          12,342          26,040          40,501          58,471          79,557	

                         For the Year    For the Year    For the Year    For the Year    For the Year
       CDN GAAP             Ended           Ended           Ended           Ended           Ended
                         December 31,    December 31,    December 31,    December 31,    December 31,
                             2001            2000            1999            1998            1997
-----------------------  ------------    ------------    ------------    ------------    ------------
Revenue                      $24,658         $31,171         $11,254        $    635         $ 1,698

Net loss                     (20,584)        (14,881)        (24,366)        (22,248)        (26,584)

Net loss per share             (0.49)          (0.40)          (0.76)          (0.74)          (0.92)	

                            As of           As of           As of          As of           As of
       US GAAP           December 31,    December 31,   December 31,    December 31,    December 31,
                             2001            2000           1999            1998            1997
-----------------------  ------------    ------------   ------------    ------------    ------------
Working capital              $(5,149)        $ 4,452        $ 6,020         $ 3,901         $13,485

Current assets                 9,636          12,960         13,957           5,601          17,210

Total assets                  24,232          24,020         45,635          27,240          42,076

Current liabilities           14,785           8,508          7,937           1,700           3,725

Shareholders' equity          (1,533)           (478)        11,145          16,899          31,160	

                          For the           For the        For the         For the         For the
       US GAAP           Year Ended       Year Ended     Year Ended      Year Ended      Year Ended
                          December         December       December        December        December
                          31, 2001         31, 2000       31, 1999        31, 1998        31, 1997
-----------------------  ------------    ------------   ------------    ------------    ------------
Revenue                      $24,658         $31,171        $11,254          $  635         $ 1,698

Net loss                      (5,352)        (12,465)       (11,335)        (15,395)        (26,838)

Net loss per share             (0.13)          (0.33)         (0.35)          (0.51)          (0.94)	

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes. The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Cdn GAAP. For the US GAAP reconciliation, see foot note 16 to the attached consolidated financial statements, as well as "Results of Operations" below.
OVERVIEW OF 2001
The year 2001 saw a continued implementation of our plan to transform Golden Star from a gold exploration company to a gold mining company with operating properties and operating cash flow. Toward this end we were able to complete the acquisition of the Prestea reserves located adjacent to the Bogoso Mine, receiving the Prestea mining lease from the government of Ghana in June 2001. Mining was initiated on the Prestea property in September 2001. The Bogoso mill operated throughout the year, processing oxide and transition ores from the Bogoso Mine until October and afterward oxide ores from Prestea. The protracted nature of the Prestea acquisition process necessitated mining of sub-optimal material at the Bogoso Mine during certain periods of 2001 and, as a result, gold production in the first three quarters of 2001 was lower than in the same period of 2000. Once the
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Prestea ore became available in the fourth quarter there was a marked improvement in gold production over the earlier quarters of 2001.
Exploration efforts were once again scaled back in accordance with the new direction of the Company. By the end of 2001, all offices devoted strictly to exploration had been closed except for the Guyanor office in French Guiana and a single representative of the company in Suriname. Guyanor's exploration activities during the year were reduced to a single project and, following the end of the summer field-work, Guyanor proceeded with additional staff reductions. Geologists located at Bogoso/Prestea in Ghana pursued several promising projects in the Bogoso/Prestea vicinity but total spending was less than $0.5 million.
In response to unfavorable drilling results on the Paul Isnard project during the year, and Rio Tinto's early withdrawal from the joint venture during 2001, the carrying value of the Paul Isnard property was deemed impaired and the remaining $6.9 million of capitalized acquisition and exploration costs were written off. In addition, an offer by Cambior to purchase Gross Rosebel resulted in an $8.1 million adjustment to the carrying value of Gross Rosebel, as it was marked down to the selling price.
With these two write-offs, we have, over the last three years, written off $55.6 million of capitalized acquisition and exploration costs incurred in earlier periods of Golden Star's history when exploration was the main focus of the Company. Of the $59.8 million total cumulative losses incurred since 1999, $55.6 million was related to impairments and associated write-offs of deferred acquisition and explorations costs.
At the end of 2001, the only capitalized acquisition and exploration costs remaining were associated with (i) the Gross Rosebel project, (ii) feasibility cost studies on the sulfide potential at the Bogoso Mine, and (iii) minor exploration expenditures on various exploration properties in areas surrounding Bogoso/Prestea. It is anticipated that the $8.1 million remaining deferred acquisition and exploration costs at Gross Rosebel will be matched against revenues from the pending sale of Gross Rosebel to Cambior in 2002.
SIGNIFICANT EVENTS DURING 2001 AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Rio Tinto
In January 2001, we entered into an agreement with Rio Tinto whereby Rio Tinto could earn up to a 70% participating interest in the Paul Isnard property by funding exploration on the Paul Isnard property in 2001 and subsequent years. Per the agreement Rio Tinto purchased by way of a private placement 500,000 common shares of Golden Star at a price of $2.00 per common share for total proceeds of $1.0 million. Golden Star committed to lend the full $1.0 million to Guyanor during 2001. Of the $1.0 million total, $0.75 million was used to fund a work program on the Paul Isnard gold project and the remaining $0.25 million was used to partially fund the cost of a re-organization of Guyanor aimed at reducing ongoing costs.
In September 2001, Rio Tinto withdrew from the agreement following the completion of the first phase exploration program conducted from February to August 2001 at a cost of $1.0 million, which failed to indicate the potential to meet Rio Tinto's resource target requirements.
Anvil Buyout
As described elsewhere in this report, in September 2001, we acquired Anvil's interest in BGL and issued 3,000,000 common shares to Anvil. In addition to the common shares issued in the transaction, we agreed to cancel our note receivable from Anvil, which stood at $1.9 million immediately prior to the transaction. The stock and note together brought the total purchase price of Anvil's 20% interest in BGL to $2.9 million and resulted in an increase in mining properties assets of $1.4 million
Prestea Acquisition
As described elsewhere in this report, in mid-2001, we agreed to pay $2.1 million in cash to PGR for PGR surrendering its lease to the Prestea property and to acquire an option to purchase a 35% interest in PGR at a future date. In March 2002, BGL reached an agreement with PGR, the Ghana Mineworkers Union and the Government of
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Ghana and related parties to form a joint venture, to be managed by BGL, for the assessment and future operations of the Prestea underground mine. BGL will contribute $2.4 million to become a 45% joint venture partner, with PGR also holding 45% and the Government of Ghana holding a 10% carried interest. Under the agreement, the funds provided to PGR will be used to pay arrears of salary and termination benefits to the Prestea underground miners. It is the intent of the joint venture to place the underground operation on care and maintenance pending completion of an assessment, which will include a comprehensive review of the safety and economic viability of the mine, as well as a review of past environmental practices. As long as BGL's interest in the joint venture does not drop below 30%, BGL will manage the joint venture. Additional cash requirements not externally funded will be made through voluntary contributions from the two non-governmental participants in the joint venture and their relative percentage interests will be adjusted to reflect any inequality in such contributions.
In October 2001, we issued to Barnex 3,333,333 common shares and 1,333,333 warrants to subscribe for Golden Star common shares at a price of $0.70 per share for three years. In addition, we agreed to pay a royalty to Barnex on the first 1,000,000 ounces of production from Bogoso/Prestea. The royalty will vary, according to a gold price formula, from a minimum of $6.00 per ounce at gold prices less than $260 per ounce to a maximum of $16.80 per ounce at gold prices at or above $340 per ounce. See Description of Properties in Item 2 above for additional information on the Prestea acquisition.
The total cost of acquiring the Prestea property during 2001 was $6.8 million. This includes $2.2 million for the Golden Star stock and warrants issued to Barnex, $1.3 million of cash paid to PGR, $2.0 million accrued for the additional liability to the Sellers of BGL which may have been triggered by BGL obtaining the Prestea surface lease, $0.7 million of pre-production development costs and approximately $0.6 million in transactions costs.
In addition to the $6.8 million of direct purchase costs listed above, $0.4 million of unamortized Bogoso purchase costs and $1.4 million of costs associated with the purchase of the 20% minority interest position in BGL from Anvil during 2001, will be included in the new Prestea amortization base, bringing the total Prestea amortization basis to $8.6 million. The Prestea acquisition was accounted for using the purchase method.
Wassa
The proposed Wassa acquisition, described elsewhere in this report, did not materially impact our financial results in 2001 but is expected to increase the scope of our operations and cash requirements in future periods.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
Our financial statements reflect the application of Canadian GAAP, which is different in certain material respects from US GAAP. The accounting policies reflected therein are generally those applied by similarly situated mining companies in Canada. As disclosed in the notes to our financial statements, the assessment of our financial condition and results of operations reflected in our financial statements are significantly affected by estimates that we, or experts that we have retained, have made as to our proven and probable reserves and the value of our exploration properties. Reserve estimates involve the exercise of subjective judgment and are based on numerous assumptions that may prove to have been incorrect. Decisions to write off (or not to write off) all or a portion of our investment in various properties are based on our judgment as to the actual value of the properties and are therefore subjective in most cases. As noted elsewhere in this report, we have elected, over the past several years to write off substantially all of our investment in exploration properties even though we retain some of these properties and they may ultimately prove to have significant value.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
2001 COMPARED TO 2000
We experienced a net loss of $20.6 million during 2001 as compared to a net loss of $14.9 million in 2000 and a net loss of $24.4 million in 1999. The major factors contributing to the losses in all three years, have been non-cash write-offs of deferred exploration costs incurred in earlier years of our existence when the focus was on exploration. Given the sharp decreases in gold prices in the last five years, a lack of funds to continue development work on many of the exploration properties, unimpressive drill results and a new emphasis on operations rather than
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exploration, most of our deferred exploration costs have suffered impairments and have been written off in the three years beginning in 1999. Cumulative deferred acquisition and exploration write-offs over the last three years have totaled $55.6 million, including $15.0 million in 2001, $16.7 million in 2000 and $23.9 million in 1999. Of the $59.8 million total cumulative losses incurred since 1999, $55.6 million have been related to impairments and associated write-offs of deferred acquisition and explorations costs.
Write-offs in 2001 included $6.9 million at the Paul Isnard property, triggered by Rio Tinto's decision to withdraw from a multi-year joint exploration agreement because of disappointing drill results from work done during 2001. In addition, an $8.1 million write-down of Gross Rosebel was made to reflect its fair market value based upon the proposed sale of this property to Cambior.
Lower gold sales also contributed to the larger loss in 2001 than in 2000, mostly caused by lower gold production. For the full year, gold output dropped to 87,936 ounces from 108,643 ounces in 2000. As the Bogoso Mine neared the end of its oxide and transition ore reserves in 2001, more complex ores were mined which were not well suited to processing in the existing Bogoso mill. As a result, in the first nine months of 2001, when the Bogoso Mine was supplying ore to the Bogoso mill, mill feed grades actually increased slightly to 3.0 g/t from 2.6 g/t, but gold recovery dropped to 44.4% from 65.5% in the same periods of 2000. The net result was that gold production for the first nine months of 2001 dropped to 63,331 ounces from 89,447 ounces in 2000.
Once Prestea ores became available in the fourth quarter, ore grades dropped but recovery increased to more than off-set the lower grades and gold production in the fourth quarter increased to 24,605 ounces compared to an average of only 21,111 ounces in the first three quarters of 2001 and 19,195 ounces in the fourth quarter of 2000.
Realized gold prices averaged $270.56 per ounce in 2001, down from $279.59 in 2000. The impact on sales revenues of the lower gold prices was $0.8 million. All sales in 2001 were at spot. There was no gold price hedging activity in 2001 or 2000. Total cash cost per ounce averaged $271 per ounce in 2001, up from $201 per ounce in 2000.
Cost of sales for 2001, fell 3% from the prior year. The more complex nature of the Bogoso ore resulted in higher processing costs, most notably for increased use of various chemical reagents in the milling process, but mining property depletion was sharply lower than in 2000, reflecting lower gold output and a lower mining property cost basis. BGL's mining property depletable basis was reduced by $2.7 million in December 2000 after it became apparent that gold prices were trending lower than initially anticipated, which, per the terms of the original BGL purchase agreement, resulted in a lower ultimate cost basis for the mining property.
Depreciation and depletion in future years is expected to be lower than in the past because essentially all of the initial BGL purchase cost, which included the full purchase price of the Bogoso mill, mine equipment and other facilities, was amortized over ounces produced from the Bogoso Mine during the 2 year period between the September 1999 purchase and the September 2001 closure of the oxide mining from the Bogoso concession. Ounces from the Prestea property will incur amortization and depreciation only to the extent of the Prestea purchase cost and for equipment purchased after September 1999.
Exploration costs decreased further in 2001, reflecting our decision to de-emphasize exploration.
The proportion of gains and losses allocated to minority shareholders are expected to be substantially less in the future following the July 2001 purchase of the 20% interest in BGL owned by Anvil. In addition, cumulative losses at Guyanor reduced the value of the Guyanor minority interest to zero during 2000 and thus our financial statements will not allocate to Guyanor minority interest holders a portion of future losses. The sole remaining minority interest position reflected in the December 31, 2001 balance sheet is the 10% of BGL held by the Government of Ghana.
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Deferred Exploration Spending
Ghana
Deferred exploration spending in Ghana totaled $1.4 million in 2001, down from $2.6 million in 2000. In both 2001 and in 2000 the majority of the deferred exploration costs in Ghana were related to the sulfide feasibility study, with such costs tapering off in 2001 as the feasibility work came to its conclusion. In addition to the $1.0 million spent on the feasibility study in 2001, $0.4 million was spent on exploration activities at various properties in the Bogoso/Prestea vicinity. Comparable costs for 2000 were $2.4 million for the sulfide feasibility and $0.2 million for work on exploration properties in Ghana.
South America
Deferred exploration costs in South America, net of partner recoveries, totaled $1.4 million, up from $0.7 million in 2000. Of the total spent in 2001, $1.0 million is related to the Paul Isnard project and the balance is related to the holding cost of Gross Rosebel.
2000 COMPARED TO 1999
We reported a net loss of $14.9 million for 2000 compared to a net loss of $24.4 million in 1999. The major factor contributing to the 2000 loss was the impairment costs of numerous deferred exploration properties following cutbacks in exploration and the placing of most projects on a care and maintenance basis during the year in response to continued low gold prices and in response to our new direction. As a result, a total of $16.7 million of deferred exploration costs were written off during 2000, including those for the Tanda project in the Ivory Coast; the Yaou, Dorlin, Paul Isnard Alluvials and Dachine projects in French Guiana, and the Eagle Mountain project in Guyana. While many of the exploration properties written-off may still have development potential, and while we will retain the mineral rights to most of these properties, continued exploration and development has been indefinitely delayed.
The Bogoso Mine operated throughout 2000 contributing $30.4 million of revenues versus $10.6 million during 1999. The 1999 revenues were generated during the last quarter of 1999 following the September 30, 1999 acquisition of the Bogoso Mine. During 2000, the Bogoso Mine produced and sold 108,643 ounces of gold, which was sold at an average market price of $279.59 per ounce. We do not hedge our gold sales.
Cash cost of operations was $21.7 million during the year, compared to $6.0 million in 1999, the 1999 figure again reflecting our ownership only during the last three months of 1999. Total cash cost per ounce averaged $201 per ounce during 2000 versus $165 per ounce in the fourth quarter of 1999. The higher cost per ounce in 2000 versus 1999 was due to the fact that during various periods in 2000 the Bogoso mill processed transition (mixed sulfide/oxide) ore, which is more expensive to process and yields lower recoveries than did the oxide ores which were processed exclusively during the fourth quarter of 1999.
Depreciation and depletion expenses increased to $7.3 million from $3.0 million during the last quarter of 1999, again the increase being due to 12 months of operation in 2000 versus three months in 1999. Purchase cost amortization averaged $58 per ounce in 2000. Exploration expenses of $0.9 million during 2000 were up from $0.5 million in 1999. While overall exploration activity decreased from 1999, the amount of the expenses capitalized to specific projects was limited in 2000 following the large number of project closures at the end of 1999.
General and administrative costs were further reduced during 2000 from $3.7 million in 1999 to $2.9 million in 2000. Continued reductions in corporate staff and corporate activities were responsible for the lower costs. Interest expense rose in response to a full year's interest on the convertible debentures compared to only four and one-half months interest in 1999, the debentures having been issued in August 1999.
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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
DURING 2001
Cash provided by operations totaled $2.4 million in 2001, essentially unchanged from the $2.5 million generated in 2000. Reductions in work-in-process inventory and an increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities were major factors contributing to 2001's total. At the end of 2000, work-in-process inventory rose above typical levels as gold ore concentrates were stockpiled in advance of the start-up of a new mill facility designed to treat the concentrates, but which did not begin operations until early 2001. Low gold recoveries in late 2001 from the Bogoso transition ores adversely impacted sales revenues and cash flow. As a result, vendor payables were extended causing a $2.7 million increase in current payables compared with the end of 2000.
Cash used in investing activities rose to $5.2 million in 2001, up from $3.3 million in 2000. While equipment purchases and capitalization of deferred exploration costs were down from 2000, the costs of acquiring the Prestea property more than offset these reductions. The total direct cost of acquisition of the Prestea property in 2001 was $6.8 million, with non-cash items accounting for all but $2.6 million of the total. The following schedule details the Prestea acquisition cost components in 2001:

COST ITEM:                                                             (millions)
----------                                                             ----------
Value of Stock and Warrants paid to Barnex                                $2.2

Cash paid to PGR                                                           1.3

Development cost incurred during start-up of Prestea mining                0.7

Legal, engineering and financing costs of the acquisition                  0.6

Accrual for possible liability due the sellers of BGL                      2.0
----------                                                             -------
Total Direct Costs                                                        $6.8	

In addition, $0.4 million of remaining unamortized costs from the original September 1999 BGL purchase costs will be included in the amortization base of Prestea, as will $1.4 million of costs incurred to purchase the 20% BGL minority position owned by Anvil. These indirect costs brought the total Prestea amortization basis to $8.6 million.
New share capital raised $2.3 million during 2001, including $1.0 million from a private placement and $1.3 million from warrant exercises. Additional short-term debt related to the purchase of Prestea provided $0.8 million, while repayment of the loan from OGML used $1.1 million.
Working capital at December 31, 2001 decreased to a negative $5.1 million from $4.5 million a year earlier, mainly due to lower inventories and increases in accounts payable and current debt. Inventories were unusually high at December 31, 2000 due to stockpiling of gold concentrates in anticipation of the first quarter 2001 start-up of an upgrade of the Bogoso mill to enable it to process such concentrates. Payables increased late in 2001 due to reduced operating cash flow, especially in the third quarter of 2001. As the Bogoso Mine neared the end of its oxide and transition ore reserves in the third quarter of 2001, gold recovery dropped and revenues fell accordingly. Current debt rose as the new reserves at Prestea may have triggered the reserve acquisition clause in the original Bogoso purchase agreement and the Company has accrued $2.0 million for this potential liability, and BGL borrowed $0.8 million for the PGR purchase. At December 31, 2001, the Company had $3.4 million of cash, which is restricted, in accordance with the BGL acquisition agreement, to be used for environmental rehabilitation at the Bogoso Mine. The Company drew down $0.8 million from the restricted cash account during 2001 to cover rehabilitation expenditures.
CASH FLOW 2002
In January 2002 we completed a private placement of 11.5 million units at a price of $0.49 per unit for gross proceeds of $5.6 million ($5.3 million, net). Each unit consists of one common share and one-half of a warrant. Each whole warrant will entitle the holder to the right, for a period of two years, to acquire one further common share at an exercise price of $0.70. Cash commissions and fees equaled 6% of the gross proceeds and warrants (identical to the unit warrants) equal to 6% of the total common shares issued in the private placement were issued to agents and consultants.
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The proceeds from the private placement will be used to contribute to our acquisition and development costs in Ghana. Half of the proceeds from the private placement have been paid directly to Golden Star with the balance having been deposited in escrow. The escrowed funds will become available to us upon
(i) the registration of the common shares underlying the units, (ii) the completion of the Cambior transaction, and (iii) the completion of our acquisition of the Wassa property. We expect that these conditions will be met early in the second quarter of 2002, although various factors could delay satisfaction of one or more of these conditions.
Looking to 2002, we anticipate approximately $30 million of capital investment in the year including $1 million for deferred exploration projects, $9 million in Wassa property purchase costs, $0.8 million in connection with the agreement with PGR to access the Prestea surface reserves, $2.4 million in connection with acquiring a controlling interest in the Prestea underground mine presently owned and operated by PGR, approximately $10 million for the Wassa project redevelopment and $8 million for Bogoso/Prestea equipment, facilities and development. We also anticipate needing approximately $8 million for repayment of various current liabilities and debts. We expect cash flow from operations, proceeds from the $5.6 million private placement in January 2002, vendor financing of the Wassa property purchase and proceeds from the sale of Gross Rosebel (of which $3.0 million was received in January 2002 with the balance of $2.0 million expected to be received on closing in April 2002) to furnish approximately 50 percent of the required cash for these investment projects and debt repayments, leaving a need for approximately $20 million of additional funds from outside sources. Possible sources may include, bank loans, convertible debentures, sale of assets or a further sale of equity. For a discussion of potential risks to our liquidity and capital resources, see the discussion of Financial Risks in the Risk Factors section of Item 1 of this report.
As noted elsewhere in this report, the Wassa and Gross Rosebel transactions have not yet closed and there is some chance that either or both might be delayed, renegotiated or abandoned. The failure or either transaction to close would entitle the purchasers of units in our January placement to require the offering proceeds placed in escrow as described above to be returned to them (in which event, the units purchased with such proceeds would be cancelled). However, such purchasers could elect to waive this right and permit the distribution of the proceeds to us. The failure of the Gross Rosebel sale to close would increase our need for additional outside financing. If the Wassa transaction did not close, the scope of our operations would be temporarily lessened, although we would continue to look for attractive acquisition prospects. Because a substantial portion of the Wassa related expense is vendor financed, the failure of the transaction to close would not significantly impact our short term capital requirements.
OUTLOOK
The three main objectives for 2002 are: (i) orderly and efficient development of the new Prestea reserves allowing an adequate flow of oxide and other non-refractory ores to the Bogoso mill; (ii) successful acquisition of the Wassa property; and (iii) successful redevelopment of the Wassa property to become a producing mine in 2003. In addition, we plan to continue to evaluate acquisition and growth opportunities in Ghana and elsewhere in West Africa. We will also strive to maximize the value of our South American assets via joint venture financed exploration activities where possible. Adequate access to capital is critical to many of our objectives in 2002. While a $5.6 million private placement was completed in January 2002 and a $3.0 million down payment on the Guiana Shield Transaction was received in early 2002 significant additional capital will be required during the year. Given the recent improvements in gold prices and increased interest in gold investing in recent months, we are encouraged that capital may be more readily available in 2002 than in the past few years. However, we cannot assure you that we will be successful in raising the amounts needed to execute all of our planed activities during 2002. We will continue to explore various possibilities for raising capital, which might include, among other things, the further establishment of joint ventures, the sale of property interests, debt financing and the issuance of additional equity
We have budgeted consolidated total revenue of approximately $37 million in 2002 and total operating and general and administrative expenditures of approximately $32 million. Consolidated net exploration and development expenditures, after recoveries from joint venture partners are budgeted at approximately $1.4 million, most of which will be spent in Ghana. We have budgeted production from the Bogoso/Prestea Mine at 134,000 ounces during 2002. Meanwhile our activities in the Guiana Shield will be primarily care and maintenance, although we will continue to seek joint venture funded opportunities in Suriname and Guyana. There is no budgeted exploration spending at Guyanor in 2002, although we are actively seeking joint venture partners which could fund additional work at Paul Isnard or at our other properties. As more fully disclosed under Risk Factors, numerous factors could
47

cause our budget estimates to be wrong or could lead our management to make changes in our plans and budgets. In any such event, the estimates described above would likely change materially.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Our exposure to market risk includes, but is not limited to, the following risks: changes in interest rates on our investment portfolio, changes in foreign currency exchange rates and commodity price fluctuations.
INTEREST RATE RISK
We may invest our cash in debt instruments of the United States Government and its agencies, and in high-quality corporate issuers. Investments in both fixed rate and floating rate interest-earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. Fixed rate securities may have their fair market value adversely impacted due to a rise in interest rates, while floating rate securities may produce less income than expected if interest rates fall. Due in part to these factors our future investment income may fall short of expectations due to changes in interest rates or we may suffer losses in principal if forced to sell securities which have declined in market value due to changes in interest rates. Given the relatively low amounts of cash on hand in recent years, the impact on revenues from changes in interest rates would be immaterial. We may in the future actively manage our exposure to interest rate risk.
FOREIGN CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATE RISK
The price of gold is denominated in United States dollars and the majority of our revenues and expenses are denominated in United States dollars. As a result of the limited exposure, we believe that we are not exposed to a material risk as a result of any changes in foreign currency exchange rate changes, so we currently do not utilize market risk sensitive instruments to manage our exposure.
COMMODITY PRICE RISK
We are engaged in gold mining and related activities, including exploration, extraction, processing and reclamation. Gold bullion is our primary product and, as a result, changes in the price of gold could significantly affect results of operations and cash flows. According to current estimates, a $25 change in the price of gold could result in a $3.3 million effect on the results of operations and cash flows. We currently do not have a program for hedging, or to otherwise manage exposure to commodity price risk. We may in the future manage our exposure through hedging programs.
48

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements of Golden Star Resources Ltd. and Subsidiaries

Management's Responsibility for Financial Information.................................. 50

Auditors' Report....................................................................... 51

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2001 and 2000........................... 52

Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended
         December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999.............................................. 53

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders' Equity for the years ended
         December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999.............................................. 54

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended
         December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999 ............................................. 55

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements......................................... 56-76	

49

MANAGEMENT'S RESPONSIBILITY FOR FINANCIAL INFORMATION
TO THE SHAREHOLDERS OF GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
The consolidated financial statements and all information in the Annual Report are the responsibility of the Board of Directors and management. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared by management based on information available to March 22, 2002, and are in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in Canada.
A system of internal accounting and administrative controls is maintained by management in order to provide reasonable assurance that financial information is accurate and reliable, and that our assets are safeguarded. Limitations exist in all cost effective systems of internal controls. Our systems have been designed to provide reasonable but not absolute assurance that financial records are adequate to allow for the completion of reliable financial information and the safeguarding of its assets. We believe that the systems are adequate to achieve the stated objectives.
The Audit and Corporate Governance Committee of the Board of Directors is comprised of four outside directors, operates in accordance with its charter and meets quarterly with management and the independent auditors to ensure that management is maintaining adequate internal controls and systems and to approve the annual and quarterly consolidated financial statements of the Company. The committee also reviews the audit plan of the independent auditors and discusses the results of their audit and their report prior to submitting the consolidated financial statements to the Board of Directors for approval.
The consolidated financial statements have been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Chartered Accountants, who were appointed by the shareholders. The auditors' report outlines the scope of their examination and their opinion on the consolidated financial statements.

       /s/ Peter J. Bradford                         /s/ Allan J. Marter
---------------------------------             ---------------------------------
PETER J. BRADFORD                             ALLAN J. MARTER
President and                                 Vice President and
Chief Executive Officer                       Chief Financial Officer	

March 22, 2002
50

AUDITORS' REPORT
To the Shareholders of
Golden Star Resources Ltd.:
We have audited the consolidated balance sheets of Golden Star Resources Ltd. as of December 31, 2001 and 2000 and the consolidated statements of operations, changes in shareholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2001. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in Canada and in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform an audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
In our opinion, these consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2001 and 2000, and the consolidated results of its operations and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2001, in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in Canada.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Chartered Accountants
Calgary, Canada

March 22, 2002	

51

GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
 (Stated in thousands of United States Dollars except share amounts)

ASSETS                                                                  As of December 31,
                                                                        2001          2000
                                                                     ----------    ----------
CURRENT ASSETS
         Cash and short-term investments                             $      509    $      991
         Accounts receivable                                              1,231           976
         Inventories                                                      7,666        10,805
         Other assets                                                       230           188
                                                                     ----------    ----------
                  Total Current Assets                                    9,636        12,960

RESTRICTED CASH (Note 18)                                                 3,365         4,147
NOTES RECEIVABLE                                                             --         1,918
ACQUISITION, DEFERRED EXPLORATION
   AND DEVELOPMENT COSTS (Note 11)                                       12,280        24,492
INVESTMENT IN OMAI GOLD MINES LIMITED (Note 12)                             141           625
MINING PROPERTIES (Net of accumulated depreciation of
   $10,852 and $9,111, respectively)(Notes 9 & 10)                        8,353         1,922
FIXED ASSETS (Net of accumulated depreciation of $5,134 and
   $3,508, respectively)                                                  2,268         2,937
OTHER ASSETS                                                                509           468
                                                                     ----------    ----------
                                 Total Assets                        $   36,552    $   49,469
                                                                     ==========    ==========

LIABILITIES

CURRENT LIABILITIES
         Accounts payable                                            $    4,365    $    2,565
         Accrued liabilities                                              2,783         1,727
         Accrued wages and payroll taxes                                    124           238
         Current Debt (Note 7)                                            7,513         3,978
                                                                     ----------    ----------
                  Total Current Liabilities                              14,785         8,508

NOTE PAYABLE - OMGL LONG TERM (Note 12c)                                     --         1,378
AMOUNT PAYABLE TO FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS                                     --           250
CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES (Note 8)                                           2,358         3,179
ENVIRONMENTAL REHABILITATION LIABILITY (Note 18)                          5,407         5,651
OTHER LIABILITIES                                                            --            19
                                                                     ----------    ----------
                  Total Liabilities                                      22,550        18,985
                                                                     ----------    ----------

MINORITY INTEREST                                                         1,660         4,444

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 18)

SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

SHARE CAPITAL (Note 13)
         First Preferred Shares, without par value,
          unlimited shares authorized. No shares issued                      --            --
         Common shares, without par value, unlimited shares
           authorized. Shares issued and outstanding in 2001
           of 49,259,548 and in 2000 of 37,588,988                      168,308       160,922
         Equity component of convertible debentures (Note 8)                545         1,045

DEFICIT                                                                (156,511)     (135,927)
                                                                     ----------    ----------
            Total Shareholders' Equity                                   12,342        26,040
                                                                     ----------    ----------
                 Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity          $   36,552    $   49,469
                                                                     ==========    ==========	

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
Approved by the Board:
By: /s/ Robert R. Stone - Director By: /s/ David K. Fagin - Director

52

GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
 (Stated in thousands of United States Dollars except per share amounts)

                                                 For the Years Ended December 31,
                                                 2001          2000          1999
                                              ----------    ----------    ----------
REVENUE
         Gold sales                           $   23,801    $   30,405    $   10,581
         Interest and other                          857           766           673
                                              ----------    ----------    ----------

                                                  24,658        31,171        11,254
                                              ----------    ----------    ----------
COSTS AND EXPENSES
         Mining operations                        24,824        21,693         5,966
         Depreciation and depletion                3,420         7,289         2,971
         Exploration expense                         204           946           468
         General and administrative                2,669         2,905         3,734
         Write-downs and abandonment of
            mineral properties                    15,010        16,706        23,933
         Gain on disposal of assets                   --           (50)         (139)
         Interest expense                            833           805           203
         Foreign exchange loss (gain)                (50)         (254)         (508)
                                              ----------    ----------    ----------
                                                  46,910        50,040        36,628
                                              ----------    ----------    ----------

LOSS BEFORE THE UNDERNOTED                       (22,252)      (18,869)      (25,374)

Omai preferred share redemption premium              583           479           379
                                              ----------    ----------    ----------
Loss before minority interest                    (21,669)      (18,390)      (24,995)
Minority interest                                  1,085         3,509           629
                                              ----------    ----------    ----------

NET LOSS                                         (20,584)      (14,881)      (24,366)

DEFICIT, BEGINNING OF PERIOD                    (135,927)     (121,046)      (96,680)
                                              ----------    ----------    ----------

DEFICIT, END OF PERIOD                        $ (156,511)   $ (135,927)   $ (121,046)
                                              ==========    ==========    ==========

BASIC AND DILUTED NET LOSS PER SHARE          $    (0.49)   $    (0.40)   $    (0.76)
                                              ==========    ==========    ==========

WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING
  (in millions of shares)                           42.2          37.5          32.4
                                              ==========    ==========    ==========	

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
53

GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
 (Stated in thousands of United States Dollars except share amounts)

                                                                                         EQUITY
                                      COMMON                                            COMPONENT
                                       STOCK                                STOCK           OF
                                     NUMBER OF       SHARE                  OPTION      CONVERTIBLE
                                       SHARES       CAPITAL     WARRANTS     LOANS      DEBENTURES       DEFICIT
                                    -----------    ---------    --------   ---------    -----------    -----------
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 1998         30,292,249    $ 159,163    $     --   $  (4,012)   $        --    $   (96,680)

Shares Issued                         6,947,994        3,484          --          --             --             --
Shares Canceled                        (679,012)      (3,312)         --          --             --             --
Shares Issued Under Options              17,500           12          --          --             --             --
Shares Issued Under Warrants            365,000          255          --          --             --             --
Issue Costs                                  --         (441)         --          --             --             --
Warrants Issued                              --           --       1,341          --             --             --
Stock Option Loan
   Repayment/Cancellation                    --           --          --       4,012             --             --
Equity Component of
   Convertible Debentures                    --           --          --          --          1,045             --
Net Loss                                     --           --          --          --             --        (24,366)
                                    -----------    ---------    --------   ---------    -----------    -----------

BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 1999         36,943,731      159,161       1,341          --          1,045       (121,046)

Shares Issued Under Options              62,400           66          --          --             --             --
Shares Issued Under Warrants            150,000          105          --          --             --             --
Stock Bonus                              40,000           35          --          --             --             --
Debenture Conversions                   392,857          275          --          --            (61)            --
Net Loss                                     --           --          --          --             --        (14,881)
                                    -----------    ---------    --------   ---------    -----------    -----------

BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2000         37,588,988      159,642       1,341          --            984       (135,927)

Shares Issued Under Warrants          2,738,660        1,282          --          --             --             --
Shares Issued                         6,833,333        4,147          --          --             --             --
Debenture Conversions                 2,098,567        1,469          --          --           (439)            --
Warrants Issued                              --           --         427          --             --             --
Net Loss                                     --           --          --          --             --        (20,584)
                                    -----------    ---------    --------   ---------    -----------    -----------

BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2001         49,259,548    $ 166,540    $  1,768   $      --    $       545    $  (156,511)
                                    ===========    =========    ========   =========    ===========    ===========	

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
54

GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
 (Stated in thousands of United States Dollars)

                                                                       For the Years Ended December 31,
OPERATING ACTIVITIES:                                                  2001          2000          1999
                                                                    ----------    ----------    ----------
NET LOSS                                                            $  (20,584)   $  (14,881)   $  (24,366)

RECONCILIATION OF NET LOSS TO NET CASH USED IN OPERATING
ACTIVITIES:
Depreciation, depletion and amortization                                 3,423         7,289         2,971
Convertible debentures accretion                                           209           209            74
Premium on Omai preferred share redemption                                (583)         (479)         (379)
Non-cash employee compensation                                              --            35            --
(Gain)/Loss on disposal of assets                                            6           (50)         (139)
Impairment and abandonment of mineral properties                        15,010        16,706        23,933
Accrued interest on notes receivable                                       (89)         (215)           --
Restricted cash                                                            782            --            --
Reclamation expenditures                                                  (244)       (1,070)           --
Minority interest                                                       (1,085)       (3,509)         (629)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
     Accounts receivable                                                  (255)        1,000           (12)
     Inventories                                                         3,139        (1,900)         (340)
     Accounts payable                                                    2,742          (199)       (1,335)
     Other assets                                                          (42)         (407)          125
                                                                    ----------    ----------    ----------
Total changes in non-cash operating working capital                      5,584        (1,506)       (1,562)
                                                                    ----------    ----------    ----------
         Net Cash Provided by/(Used in) Operating Activities             2,429         2,529           (97)
                                                                    ----------    ----------    ----------

INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Expenditures on mineral properties, net of joint venture
   recoveries                                                           (2,798)       (3,224)       (3,597)
Expenditures on mining properties                                       (2,376)         (102)         (303)
Equipment purchases                                                     (1,018)       (2,804)         (920)
Omai preferred share redemption                                          1,068           876           694
Proceeds from sale of equipment                                             --            55           245
Environmental rehabilitation bonding                                        --         1,853        (6,000)
Payments for acquisition, net of cash acquired                              --            --        (1,525)
Other                                                                      (62)           57            75
                                                                    ----------    ----------    ----------
         Net Cash Used in Investing Activities                          (5,186)       (3,289)      (11,331)
                                                                    ----------    ----------    ----------

FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Repayment of stock option loan                                              --            --           637
Change in other liabilities                                                235            14          (310)
Issuance of convertible debentures                                          --            --         4,155
Repayment of long-term debt                                             (1,068)       (2,286)         (694)
Issuance of short term debt                                                826           947            --
Issuance of share capital, net of issue costs                            2,282           171         3,195
                                                                    ----------    ----------    ----------
         Net Cash Provided by/(Used in) Financing Activities             2,275        (1,154)        6,983
                                                                    ----------    ----------    ----------

Decrease in cash and short-term investments                               (482)       (1,914)       (4,445)
Cash and short-term investments, beginning of year                         991         2,905         7,350
                                                                    ----------    ----------    ----------
Cash and short-term investments, end of year                        $      509    $      991    $    2,905
                                                                    ==========    ==========    ==========	

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
55

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 (All amounts in thousands of United States Dollars unless noted otherwise)
1. FORMATION OF THE COMPANY
In May of 1992, the shareholders of Golden Star Resources Ltd. ("Golden Star" or the "Company" or "we") and South American Goldfields Inc., respectively agreed to a business combination of the two companies. Neither company was under common control prior to the amalgamation. This combination was considered to be an amalgamation under the Canada Business Corporations Act and was effective May 15, 1992. The amalgamation was treated as a purchase for accounting purposes. Concurrent with the amalgamation, our common shares were consolidated on a one-for-two basis. Our fiscal year-end is December 31, and commencing on May 15, 1992 we changed our reporting currency to the United States dollar. However, if we were to declare a dividend to our shareholders, it would be paid in Canadian dollars.
2. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
We are an international mining company and gold producer. Since 1999, we have sought to move from a primarily exploration focus, with operations in several areas in Africa and South America, to a primarily production focus, concentrating on operations in Ghana. We own a 90% equity interest in Bogoso Gold Limited ("BGL"), which owns the Bogoso gold mine in Ghana ("Bogoso Mine"), and have recently acquired mineral rights in the adjacent Prestea property. These two properties are now referred to as "Bogoso/Prestea". We are in the process of selling our interest in the Gross Rosebel project in Suriname ("Gross Rosebel") to our partner in the project and expect to use the proceeds of this sale and the proceeds of our recent equity financing to provide a portion of the equity base to expand our Ghana operations. Through our 73%-owned subsidiary, Guyanor Ressources S.A., ("Guyanor") we have interests in several gold exploration properties in French Guiana
3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") in Canada. We have adopted the following policies.
BASIS OF CONSOLIDATION
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its more than 50%-owned subsidiaries. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. The consolidated group includes the following as of December 31, 2001 (all entities are 100%-owned, unless otherwise noted):

          2001:                                     2000:
Golden Star Holdings Ltd.                Golden Star Holdings Ltd.
Venezuela Investments Ltd.               Venezuela Investments Ltd.
Pan African Resources Corporation        Golden Star Management Ltd.
Southern Star Resources Ltd.             Pan African Resources Corporation
Guyanor Ressources S.A. (72.6%)          Southern Star Resources Ltd.
    Societe de Travaux Publics           Guyanor Ressources S.A. (72.6%)
    et de Mines Auriferes en                 Societe de Travaux Publics	

56

    Guyane ("SOTRAPMAG")                 et de Mines Auriferes en
    Societe des Mines de St-Elie         Guyane ("SOTRAPMAG")
    ("SMSE")
    Societe des Mines de Yaou & Dorlin   Societe des Mines de St-Elie ("SMSE")
    (SMYD)(50%)
Caystar Holdings                       Caystar Holdings
    Bogoso Holdings                      Bogoso Holdings
           Bogoso Gold Limited  (90%)       Bogoso Gold Limited  (70%)
GSR (IOM) Limited
    Barnex (Ghana) Limited
    Barnex (Prestea) Limited (90%)	

USE OF ESTIMATES
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
CASH AND SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS
Cash and short-term investments consist primarily of high credit quality United States and Canadian money market investments and fixed and variable income commercial paper, which are capable of reasonably prompt liquidation, have a maturity date of less than 90 days when acquired and are stated at amortized cost, which approximates market value.
INVENTORIES
Stockpiled ore, in-process and finished inventory are recorded at the lower of cost or market, including direct production costs and attributable operating expenses. Materials and supplies are valued at the lower of average cost or replacement cost.
RESTRICTED CASH
In certain countries where we conduct business, governments may require performance bonds to be placed for certain amounts of the agreed-upon exploration expenditures. The cash collateral for these bonds is shown as a non-current asset as the funds are not available for use in operations until the bond amounts are reduced or released by the governments. In relation to BGL, funds are restricted in accordance with the BGL acquisition agreement for the final environmental rehabilitation of the mine site.
ACQUISITION, DEFERRED EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT COSTS
Acquisition, exploration and development costs of mineral properties are capitalized.
Management reviews the carrying value of its investments in acquisition, deferred exploration and development costs. A decision to abandon, reduce or expand a specific project is based upon many factors including general and specific assessments of reserves and mineralized material, anticipated future mineral prices, the anticipated future costs of exploring, developing and operating a producing mine, the expiration term and ongoing expenses of maintaining leased mineral properties and the general likelihood that we will continue exploration. We do not set a pre-determined holding period for properties with unproven reserves; however, properties which have not demonstrated suitable metal concentrations at the conclusion of each phase of an exploration program are re-evaluated to determine if future exploration is warranted and if their carrying values are appropriate.
If a mineral property is abandoned or it is determined that its carrying value cannot be supported by future production or sale, the related costs are charged against operations in the year of abandonment or determination of value. Any costs incurred for a particular project afterward are expensed as incurred.
The accumulated costs of mineral properties are depleted on a units-of-production basis at such time as production commences.
57

MINING PROPERTIES IMPAIRMENTS
The Company evaluates its mining properties for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying value may not be recoverable. If deemed impaired, an impairment loss is measured and recorded based upon the fair value of the asset which generally will be computed using undiscounted future cash flows. The Company's estimates of future cash flows are subject to risks and uncertainties. Therefore, it is possible that changes could occur which may affect the recoverability of our investments in mineral properties.
INVESTMENT IN OMAI GOLD MINES LIMITED
The common share investment in Omai Gold Mines Limited ("OGML") is accounted for using the equity method. As of December 31, 2001 our share of cumulative losses of OGML had exceeded the cost of the original investment in common shares.
In addition, we hold Class I redeemable preferred shares of OGML which were recorded at the cost of the mineral interest exchanged. The preferred shares are required to be redeemed quarterly based upon a percentage of cash flows from the Omai Mine (Note 12), which proceeds are applied to the Investment OGML balance based upon the relationship that the Company's original investment in deferred exploration costs ($5 million) bore to the original value of the redeemable preferred shares ($11 million). The remainder of the preferred share proceeds is recognized as "Omai preferred share redemption premium" in the consolidated statement of operations.
FIXED ASSETS
Fixed assets are stated at cost and include buildings, machinery, equipment, facilities and vehicles. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method at rates calculated to depreciate the cost of the assets less their anticipated residual values, if any, over the estimated useful lives. The net book value of fixed assets at property locations is charged against income if the site is abandoned and it is determined that the assets cannot be economically transferred to another project or sold. Major overhauls of mining equipment that extend the life of such equipment are capitalized and depreciated on a straight line basis.
ENVIRONMENTAL REHABILITATION
Costs are estimated based primarily upon environmental and regulatory requirements to fund the ongoing and final reclamation and closing costs relating to the Bogoso and Prestea mine sites.
FOREIGN CURRENCIES AND FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION
Certain South American and African currencies are not readily negotiable outside their respective countries. United States of America funds transferred to these countries are used to purchase local currency to be used for labor, local supplies, and other items associated with the exploration and development of mineral properties.
Our functional currency is the United States Dollar. Monetary assets and liabilities are translated at the rate of exchange prevailing at the end of the period. Non-monetary assets and long-term liabilities are translated at the rates of exchange prevailing when the assets were acquired or the liabilities assumed. Revenue and expense items are translated at the average rate of exchange during the year. Translation gains or losses are included in the determination of net income for the period. Fully integrated foreign subsidiary accounts are translated using the same method.
Canadian currency in these financial statements is denoted as "Cdn$", French currency is denoted as "FF" in 2001 and as "Eu" afterward, and Ghanaian currency is denoted as "Cedi" or "Cedis".
58

NET LOSS PER SHARE
We adopted the treasury stock method of accounting for fully diluted earnings per common share in the current period. Formerly, generally accepted accounting principles required that the imputed earnings method be used for determining the dilutive effect of options.
The treasury stock method computes the number of incremental shares by assuming the outstanding stock options exercisable at exercise prices below the average market price for the applicable fiscal year are exercised and then that number of incremental shares is reduced by the number of shares that could have been repurchased from the issuance proceeds, using the average market price of the company's shares for the applicable fiscal year.
The effects of common share equivalents are anti-dilutive.
CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK
Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash investments and trade accounts receivable. We restrict investment of temporary cash balances to financial institutions with high credit standing. We strive to minimize our credit risk through diversification of our holdings with financial institutions.
REVENUE RECOGNITION
Revenue from the sale of gold is recognized when title and the risk of ownership passes to the buyer. Title and risk of ownership passes to the buyer on the day the gold is shipped from the mine site.
INCOME TAXES
We follow the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, income tax liabilities and assets are recognized for the estimated tax consequences attributable to differences between the amounts reported in the financial statements and their respective tax bases, using enacted income tax rates. The effect of the change in income tax rates on future income tax liabilities and assets is recognized in the results of the period that the change occurs.
4. SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION
The following is a summary of non-cash transactions:

                                                                     2001        2000        1999
                                                                   --------    --------    --------
Investing:
Depreciation charged to projects                                   $      3    $     52    $    193
Note receivable from minority interest holder for
   acquisition costs                                                     --          --      (3,784)
Additional non-cash purchase price allocation (Note b)                   --          --      (8,258)
Repayment of note by minority interest holder                           150          --          --
Adjustment to minority interest from note payments                     (150)         --          --
Mining properties                                                        85          --          --
Cancellation of stock option loans (Note 13b)                            --          --      (3,312)
Anvil Purchase transaction:
    Purchase of Anvil's minority interest                            (1,549)         --          --
    Stock issued for purchase of Anvil's minority interest            1,081          --          --
    Mining property                                                  (1,388)         --          --
    Extinguishment of note receivable from Anvil                      1,857          --          --
Mine property Prestea (Note 10)                                      (2,000)         --          --
Mine property Prestea (Note 10)                                      (2,493)         --          --

Financing:
Increase in amount payable to financial institutions (Note 9)            --          --       6,917
Cancellation of stock option loan related shares                         --          --       3,312
Issuance of warrants for credit facility (Note 9)                        --          --       1,341
Shares issued upon conversion of convertible debentures (Note 8)      1,030         214          --
                                                                                                  8)
Conversion of convertible debentures (Note 8)                        (1,030)       (214)         --
Adjustment of final amount due Sellers of BGL                           (85)         --          --
Accrual of possible liability due the Sellers (Note 10)               2,000          --          --
Common stock issued to Barnex for Prestea purchase (Note 10)       $  2,493    $     --    $     --	

59

5. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The Company's financial instruments are comprised of short-term investments, accounts receivable, restricted cash, the investment in OGML, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, accrued wages, payroll taxes and debt. The fair value of cash and short-term investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and accrued wages, payroll taxes and debt equals their carrying value due to the short-term nature of these items. The fair value of restricted cash is equal to the carrying value as the cash is invested in short-term, high-quality instruments.
6. INVENTORIES

                                 December 31,   December 31,
                                     2001          2000
                                 ------------   ------------
Stockpiled ore                   $      1,278   $      2,736
In-process                                951          2,361
Materials and supplies                  5,437          5,708
                                 ------------   ------------
                                 $      7,666   $     10,805
                                 ============   ============	

7. CURRENT DEBT

                                                                     December 31,   December 31,
                                                                         2001          2000
                                                                     ------------   ------------
Note due Omai Gold Mines Limited (Note 7a)                           $        310   $         --
Amounts due to the Sellers of BGL (Note 7b and 9)                           2,874          2,781
Due financial institution (Note 7c)                                           500            250
Overdraft facility at BGL  (Note 7d)                                        1,003            947
Bank loan at BGL (Note 7e)                                                    826             --
Accrual of possible liability to Sellers of BGL (Notes 7f and 9)            2,000             --
                                                                     ------------   ------------
Total                                                                $      7,513   $      3,978
                                                                     ============   ============	

(a) NOTE DUE OMAI GOLD MINES LIMITED
On December 23, 1998, OGML advanced $3.2 million to us as an unsecured loan to be repaid as and when Class I preferred shares of OGML held by us are redeemed by OGML. The loan is non-interest bearing until September 30, 2010. Subsequent redemption of preferred shares has reduced the liability to the amount shown. See Note 12 for additional information on the OMGL notes.
(b) AMOUNTS DUE TO THE SELLERS OF BOGOSO GOLD LIMITED
The September 30, 1999, BGL purchase agreement provides for three payments to the Sellers of BGL, the first at the signing of the purchase agreement on September 30, 1999, the second on the first anniversary of the purchase agreement ("first interim payment") and the third on the second anniversary of the purchase agreement ("second interim payment"). The amounts of the two interim payments were dependent upon the average price of gold over the two years following the date of the purchase agreement.
60

Golden Star and Anvil, (as of the acquisition date Anvil was the minority interest holder in BGL), together were scheduled to make the interim payment to the Sellers of BGL on September 30, 2000 in the amount of $2.8 million. On November 9, 2000 we paid the Sellers $1.4 million of the $2.8 million due, and reached agreement with the Sellers that the balance, plus interest at 10% per annum, was to be paid by December 22, 2000. A second and final interim payment was due to the Sellers on September 30, 2001 in the amount of approximately $1.3 million. The total payment due on September 30, 2001, including the $1.4 million due from 2000, plus accrued interest, and the final 2001 interim payment, was approximately $2.8 million. An agreement was reached with the Sellers in October 2001, which deferred the $2.8 million payment until November 30, 2001. In January 2002, $2.9 million was paid to the Sellers extinguishing this liability.
(c) DUE TO A FINANCIAL INSTITUTION
This amount represents gold production related payments due to a financial institution retained in 1999 to provide bridge financing for the BGL acquisition. The first payment of $0.25 million, due September 30, 2001, was made in January 2002, and the second and final payment of $0.25 million is due September 30, 2002.
(d) OVERDRAFT FACILITY AT BGL
Over-draft facility at BGL from Barclays Bank in Ghana in the amount of $1.0 million.
(e) BANK LOAN BGL
Term loan from CAL Merchant Bank, Ghana to BGL. This loan is denominated in Ghanaian cedis, has a six month repayment holiday and a two year maturity. Proceeds were used to make a second payment to PGR with respect to the Prestea property.
(f) ACCRUAL OF POSSIBLE LIABILITY TO SELLERS
The original BGL purchase agreement of September 1999 included a reserve acquisition payment due the Sellers. The reserve acquisition payment would be triggered if minable reserves equivalent to 50,000 ounces of gold or greater were to be acquired by BGL prior to September 30, 2001 from elsewhere in Ghana for processing at the Bogoso mill. The acquisition of the surface mining lease at the Prestea property may have triggered the reserve acquisition payment and the associated $2.0 million liability. While the Company's liability for this payment and the exact due date of this liability is yet to be established, the $2.0 million contingent liability was accrued in the fourth quarter of 2001.
8. CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES
On August 24, 1999, we issued $4,155,000 of subordinated convertible debentures to raise financing for the acquisition of BGL. The debentures mature on August 24, 2004 and bear interest at the rate of 7.5% per annum from the date of issue, payable semi-annually on February 15 and August 15, to the debenture-holders as of February 1 and August 1, respectively, commencing on February 15, 2000.
The debentures are convertible at the option of the holder into common shares of Golden Star at a conversion price of $0.70 per share, subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events, such as but not limited to the payment of dividends on the Company's share capital. Any portion of the debenture that is a multiple of $1,000 may be converted into common shares at any time prior to the maturity date of August 24, 2004, unless previously redeemed. The holder's right of conversion will terminate on the date of redemption, if we have chosen to redeem the debentures. Each $1,000 principal amount of debentures also entitles the holder to warrants exercisable for 200 common shares of Golden Star at a price of $1.50 per share until August 24, 2001 and $1.75 per share for the remaining two years until August 24, 2003.
The debentures are redeemable by the Company (1) in the event of certain developments involving Canadian withholding taxes at a redemption price of 100% of the principal amount of the debentures to be redeemed, plus accrued interest to the redemption date and (2) at the option of the Company on or after August, 2002 if the reported closing trading price, on the American Stock Exchange or any other national securities exchange or any automated
61

quotation system our shares are listed on, of the common shares as reported on the close of business for any 20 of the 25 consecutive trading days immediately prior to the date notice of redemption is given is at least 125% of the conversion price.
The debentures are unsecured obligations of Golden Star and are subordinated in right of payment to all existing and future indebtedness and other liabilities of Golden Star and its subsidiaries. There are no financial restrictions or covenants contained in the debentures.
During 2001, $1.5 million of debentures were converted to 2,098,567 shares of common stock. During 2000 $0.2 million of the debentures were converted to 392,857 shares of common stock. Changes in the liability and equity components since the debentures were issued are shown in the following table:

                                           Liability       Equity
                                           Component      Component
                                           ---------      ---------
Upon issuance, August 1999                 $   3,110      $   1,045
Accretion since issuance                         492             --
Conversions since issuance                    (1,244)          (500)
                                           ---------      ---------
December 31, 2001                          $   2,358      $     545
                                           =========      =========	

The accretion component is designed to accrue additional liability pro-ratably over the life of the debentures equal to the portion originally designated as the equity component of the debentures.
The following schedule shows our obligations for the next three years in relation to interest and principal payments on the convertible debentures assuming there are no additional conversions after December 2001:

Year                  Obligation
----                  ----------
2002                      $ 180
2003                        180
2004                      2,529
                         ------
Total                    $2,889
                         ======	

9. ACQUISITION OF BGL
On September 30, 1999, Golden Star and Anvil Mining NL, an Australian company ("Anvil"), acquired 70% and 20%, respectively, of the common shares of BGL, a Ghanaian company. The Government of Ghana retained a 10% equity interest in BGL. BGL is the owner of the Bogoso Mine, an operating gold mine in the Republic of Ghana. In mid-2001 we acquired the 20% interest owned by Anvil thereby increasing our ownership of BGL to 90%. The Government of Ghana retains the right to acquire an additional 20% of BGL.
The original September 1999 acquisition was completed pursuant to a purchase agreement among Golden Star and Anvil (the "Buyers") and a consortium of banks headed by the International Finance Corporation and Deutsche Investition und Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH (the "Sellers"). The total acquisition cost including initial payments, future payments, financing costs and administrative costs was $14.7 million. The acquisition was accounted for under the purchase method of accounting for business combinations. Included in the purchase were $10.9 million of current assets, $6.0 million of cash restricted for future reclamation work, $10.9 million of mining property, $4.4 million of liabilities, $7.0 million of accrued reclamation liabilities and $1.7 million of minority interest. The Sellers received $6.5 million cash at September 30, 1999 and agreed to receive additional payments in the future as described below. The initial payment of $6.5 million, was funded using working capital and proceeds from our August 24, 1999 offering of subordinated convertible debentures, common shares and warrants.
The BGL purchase agreement provided for three payments to the Sellers, the first at the signing of the purchase agreement on September 30, 1999, the second on the first anniversary of the purchase agreement ("first interim payment"), and the third on the second anniversary of the purchase agreement ("second interim payment"). The amounts of the two interim payments were dependent upon the average price of gold over the two years following the date of the purchase agreement.
62

The Buyers were scheduled to make the first interim payment to the Sellers of BGL on September 30, 2000 in the amount of $2.8 million. On November 9, 2000 we paid the Sellers $1.4 million of the $2.8 million due, and reached agreement with the Sellers that the balance, plus interest at 10% per annum, was to be paid by December 22, 2000. A second and final interim payment was due to the Sellers on September 30, 2001 in the amount of approximately $1.3 million. The total payment due on September 30, 2001, including the $1.4 million due from 2000, plus accrued interest, and the final 2001 interim payment, was approximately $2.8 million. An agreement was reached with the Sellers in October 2001, which deferred the $2.8 million payment until November 30, 2001 and imposed a $45,000 penalty if payment was made after November 30, 2001. In January 2002, the first interim payment, second interim payment, accrued interest and the penalty were paid to the Sellers, thereby liquidating all payments due the Sellers.
The original BGL purchase agreement of September 1999 also included a reserve acquisition payment, which would also be due the Sellers. The reserve acquisition payment would be triggered if minable reserves equivalent to 50,000 ounces of gold or greater were to be acquired by BGL prior to September 30, 2001 from elsewhere in Ghana for processing at the Bogoso mill. The acquisition of the surface mining lease at the Prestea property, with its contained reserves in excess of 50,000 ounces, may have triggered the reserve acquisition payment and the associated $2.0 million liability. While our liability for this payment and the exact due date of this liability is yet to be established, the $2.0 million contingent liability was accrued in the fourth quarter of 2001. We will also be required to pay the Sellers an additional $5.0 million on the first anniversary of the commencement of treatment of sulfide ore at the Bogoso Mine. Such payment is contingent upon financing, implementation and start-up of a sulfide operation. Due to the contingent nature of this consideration, we have not recorded any liability as of December 31, 2001.
We are also required to make production related payments to the provider of a credit facility arranged for, but not used, to effect the acquisition of BGL. We are required to pay $0.25 million for every continuous 12- month period wherein more than 75,000 ounces of gold is produced from the Bogoso Mine. Based on proven and probable reserves, we accrued $0.5 million in 1999 for the two-year production life on the Bogoso Mine. The first of these payments was made in January 2002 and the second and final payment is scheduled for September 2002.
10. ACQUISITION OF PRESTEA
Soon after completion of the BGL acquisition we began negotiations to acquire a second property in Ghana known as the Prestea property. The Prestea property lies immediately south of and adjacent to the Bogoso Mine and contains gold reserves which were known to be suitable for processing in the Bogoso mill once the Bogoso reserves were exhausted in late 2001. We were successful in acquiring a mining lease for the Prestea property in June 2001. Currently identified gold reserves at Prestea are expected to provide non-refractory feed for the Bogoso mill for approximately five years. Additional sulfide mineralization is also known to exist on the Prestea property.
To acquire the Prestea property two transactions were required, one with Barnato Exploration Limited ("Barnex"), which closed in late 2001, and one with Prestea Gold Resources Limited ("PGR"), which was completed in early 2002. Both transactions were required to remove all prior claims on the property, which thereby allowed the Government of Ghana to grant BGL a new surface mining lease over the property, which it did on June 29, 2001. Pursuant to the agreement with Barnex, Golden Star issued Barnex 3,333,333 common shares and 1,333,333 warrants to subscribe for Golden Star common shares at a price of $0.70 per share for three years.
In addition, we agreed to pay a royalty to Barnex on the first 1,000,000 ounces of production from Bogoso/Prestea. The royalty will vary, according to a gold price formula, from a minimum of $6.00 per ounce at gold prices less than $260 per ounce to a maximum of $16.80 per ounce at gold prices at or above $340 per ounce. The royalty is to be paid quarterly and is determined by multiplying the production for the quarter by a royalty rate that varies depending on the average spot gold price for the quarter.
The purchase accounting method was applied to the Prestea acquisition. Total costs of acquiring the Prestea mine was $6.8 million. This includes $2.2 million for the Golden Star stock and warrants issued to Barnex, $1.3 million of cash paid to PGR, $2.0 million accrued for the potential reserve acquisition liability to the Sellers of BGL which may have been triggered by obtaining the Prestea reserves, $0.7 million of pre-production development costs and approximately $0.6 million in transactions costs.
63

In addition to the $6.8 million of direct purchase costs listed above, $0.4 million of unamortized Bogoso mine property costs acquired in the September 1999 Bogoso purchase and $1.4 million of costs associated with the purchase of the 20% minority interest position in BGL from Anvil during 2001, will be included in the new Prestea amortization base, bringing the total amortization basis to $8.6 million, of which $0.2 million has been amortized to date.
11. ACQUISITION, DEFERRED EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT COSTS
The consolidated property expenditures and abandonment costs for our exploration projects for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2001 were as follows:

                                 Acquisition,
                                 Deferred                                                           Acquisition,
                                 Exploration                               Joint      Property      Deferred
                                 and           Capitalized   Capitalized   Venture    Abandon       Exploration and
                                 Development   Exploration   Acquisition   Recov-     -ments and    Development
                                 Costs as at   Expenditures  Expenditures  eries in   Adjustments   Costs as of
                                 12/31/00      in 2001       in 2001       2001       in 2001       12/31/01 (4)
                                 ============  ============  ============  =========  ===========   ===============
                                                              In Thousands of Dollars
SURINAME
   Gross Rosebel (1)                $15,818       $   691        $  --      $(340)     $ (8,103)        $ 8,066
                                 ------------  ------------  ------------  ---------  -----------   ---------------
Sub-total                            15,818           691           --       (340)       (8,103)          8,066
                                 ------------  ------------  ------------  ---------  -----------   ---------------

FRENCH GUIANA
(GUYANOR RESSOURCES S.A.) (2)
   Paul Isnard / Eau Blanche          5,827         1,037           --         --        (6,864)             --
                                 ------------  ------------  ------------  ---------  -----------   ---------------
Sub-total                             5,827         1,037           --         --        (6,864)             --
                                 ------------  ------------  ------------  ---------  -----------   ---------------

AFRICA
(BOGOSO GOLD LIMITED (3))
   Riyadh                               239            35           --         --            --             274
    Pampe/Flagbase                       --           330                                                   330
   Bogoso Sulfide Project             2,608           964           --         --            --           3,572
    Other Bogoso Area Projects           --            38                                                    38
                                 ------------  ------------  ------------  ---------  -----------   ---------------
Sub-total                             2,847         1,367           --         --            --           4,214
                                 ------------  ------------  ------------  ---------  -----------   ---------------
OTHER                                    --            43           --         --           (43)             --
                                 ------------  ------------  ------------  ---------  -----------   ---------------
TOTAL                               $24,492        $3,138        $  --      $(340)     $(15,010)        $12,280
                                 ============  ============  ============  =========  ===========   ===============	

(1) Subject to sale to Cambior. See note 19.
(2) Approximately 73% owned by Golden Star.
(3) A 90% owned subsidiary of Golden Star
(4) Our holdings include ownership interests, royalty interests, leases, options and joint venture interests in varying percentages.
Deferred exploration and acquisition costs of the Paul Isnard property were deemed impaired and written off in 2001 following disappointing results from exploration work during the year and the associated decision of a joint venture partner to with draw from the Paul Isnard exploration joint venture late in the year. An $8.1 million impairment related write-off was deemed necessary at the Gross Rosebel project following an agreement in September to sell this property to our joint venture partner. See note 19.
64

The consolidated property expenditures and abandonment costs for the Company's exploration projects for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2000 were as follows:

                                 Acquisition,
                                 Deferred                                                           Acquisition,
                                 Exploration                               Joint      Property      Deferred
                                 and           Capitalized   Capitalized   Venture    Abandon       Exploration and
                                 Development   Exploration   Acquisition   Recov-     -ments and    Development
                                 Costs as at   Expenditures  Expenditures  eries in   Adjustments   Costs as of
                                 12/31/00      in 2001       in 2001       2001       in 2001       12/31/01 (4)
                                 ============  ============  ============  =========  ===========   ===============
                                                              In Thousands of Dollars
GUYANA
   Eagle Mountain                  $  1,364       $   --        $   --      $    --    $ (1,364)        $    --
   Other                                123           --            --           --        (123)             --
                                 ------------  ------------  ------------  ---------  -----------   ---------------
Sub-total                             1,487           --            --           --      (1,487)             --
                                 ------------  ------------  ------------  ---------  -----------   ---------------

SURINAME
   Gross Rosebel                     15,860          216            --         (258)                     15,818
                                 ------------  ------------  ------------  ---------  -----------   ---------------
Sub-total                            15,860          216            --         (258)                     15,818
                                 ------------  ------------  ------------  ---------  -----------   ---------------

FRENCH GUIANA
(GUYANOR RESSOURCES S.A.)(1)
   Dorlin                             2,608          150            --          (75)     (2,683)             --
   Yaou                               6,968          241            --          (91)     (7,118)             --
   Paul Isnard / Eau Blanche          5,376          451            --           --          --           5,827
   Paul Isnard Alluvials              1,987           --            --           --      (1,987)             --
   Dachine                            1,720          708            --         (678)     (1,750)             --
                                 ------------  ------------  ------------  ---------  -----------   ---------------
Sub-total                            18,659        1,550            --         (844)    (13,538)          5,827
                                 ------------  ------------  ------------  ---------  -----------   ---------------

AFRICA
(PAN AFRICAN
   RESOURCES CORPORATION (2))
   Ivory Coast / Tanda                1,681           --            --           --      (1,987)             --
(BOGOSO GOLD LIMITED (3))
   Riyadh                                75          164                         --          --             239
   Bogoso  Sulfide                      160        2,448            --           --          --           2,608
                                 ------------  ------------  ------------  ---------  -----------   ---------------
Sub-total                             1,916        2,612            --           --      (1,681)          2,847
                                 ------------  ------------  ------------  ---------  -----------   ---------------
TOTAL                               $37,922       $4,378        $   --      $(1,102)   $(16,706)        $24,492
                                 ============  ============  ============  =========  ===========   ===============	

(1) Approximately 73% owned by the Company.
(2) A 100% owned subsidiary of the Company.
(3) A 70% owned subsidiary of the Company in 2000.
(4) Our holdings include ownership interests, royalty interests, leases, options and joint venture interests in varying percentages.
The recoverability of amounts shown for deferred acquisition and exploration is dependent upon sale or the discovery of economically recoverable reserves, our ability to obtain necessary financing to complete the development, and upon future profitable production or proceeds from the disposition thereof. The amounts deferred represent costs to be charged to operations in the future and do not necessarily reflect the present or future values of the properties.
12. INVESTMENT IN OMAI GOLD MINES LIMITED
(a) COMMON SHARE INVESTMENT
We have a 30% common share equity interest in OGML, a Guyana company established to build and operate the Omai Mine in Guyana. The common share investment in OGML is accounted for using the equity method but, as of December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999 our share of cumulative losses of OGML exceeded the value of our initial common equity investment, and accordingly, we have discontinued applying the equity method in these years. Our unrecorded share of OGML's losses was $33.6 million, $32.4 million and $22.9 million at December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively.
65

As part of the Guiana Shield Transaction announced in October 2001 and expected to close in April 2002, we are selling our 30% common share equity investment and preferred shares in OGML, to Cambior Inc. in consideration for the assumption by Cambior of the unpaid portion of the non-interest bearing loan made to Golden Star by OGML in December 1998.
(b) PREFERRED SHARE INVESTMENT
We also acquired a redeemable preferred share equity interest (Class I preferred redeemable shares) in OGML in recognition of cumulative exploration costs of $5.0 million which we incurred on the Omai project. The aggregate redemption value of these shares approximated $11.0 million of which $10.7 million has been received, as of December 31, 2001.
(c) NOTE PAYABLE
On December 23, 1998 OGML advanced $3.2 million to us as an unsecured loan to be repaid as and when our Class I preferred shares of OGML are redeemed by OGML. The loan is non-interest bearing until September 30, 2010. All of the $1.1 million and $0.9 million of Class I preferred shares redeemed in 2001 and 2000, respectively, was used to reduce the outstanding loan balance from $1.4 million at December 31, 2000 to $0.3 million at December 31, 2001. The remaining $0.3 million has been classified as current debt at December 31, 2001.
13. SHARE CAPITAL
(a) STOCK OPTION PLAN
STOCK OPTIONS
Golden Star has one stock option plan, the 1997 Stock Option Plan (the "GSR Plan") and options are granted under this plan from time to time at the discretion of the Board of Directors. Options granted are non-assignable and are exercisable for a period of ten years or such other period as stipulated in a stock option agreement between Golden Star and the optionee. Under the GSR Plan, we may grant options to employees, consultants and directors of the Company or its subsidiaries for up to 5,600,000 shares of common stock. Options may take the form of non-qualified stock options, and the exercise price of each option shall not be less than the market price of our stock on the date of grant. Options vest over periods ranging from immediately, to four years from the date of grant. Vesting periods are determined at the discretion of the Board of Directors. The number of common shares vested and exercisable under the plan at December 31, 2001 was 3,606,617. The number of common shares vested and exercisable under the plan as of December 31, 2000 was 3,520,350.
Guyanor has one stock option plan (the "Guyanor Plan"). Under the Guyanor Plan, Guyanor may grant options to its employees for up to 4,367,889 shares of Class B common shares. The options may take the form of non-qualified stock options, the exercise price of each option shall not be less than (i) the equivalent of the Canadian Dollar amount equal to the closing price of the shares on the Toronto Stock Exchange on the trading day immediately prior to the day the option is granted and (ii) 80% of the average closing price on the Noveau Marche of the Bourse de Paris during the 20 consecutive trading days immediately preceding the date the option is granted. An option's term is ten years. Options under the Guyanor Plan are granted from time to time at the discretion of Guyanor's Board of Directors and vest over periods ranging from immediately to two years.
During 1999, certain employee stock options under the GSR Plan were repriced. On January 15, 1999 the Board of Directors of the Company approved, subject to any necessary regulatory and shareholder approvals, the amendment of certain stock options. The number of shares that can be purchased under these outstanding options was reduced by 20%. The exercise price of outstanding stock options previously granted to directors and officers ("Insiders"), employees and consultants ("Non-Insiders") of the Company was amended to Cdn$1.80, if the original exercise price was greater than Cdn$1.80. The exercise price of the repriced stock options ranged from Cdn$2.76 to Cdn$22.40. The total number of shares of the stock options repriced was 2,525,780. Of that amount 2,026,780 were held by Insiders and 499,000 were held by Non-Insiders. All the necessary approvals were obtained and the Insiders' options were reduced to 1,621,424 (a reduction of 405,356) and the Non-Insiders' options were reduced to 399,200 (a reduction of 99,800).
66

The following table summarizes information about options under the GSR Plan:

                                               2001                         2000                        1999
                                    ---------------------------- ---------------------------- --------------------------
                                              Weighted-Average              Weighted-Average             Weighted-Average
GSR PLAN                             Shares    Exercise Price     Shares     Exercise Price    Shares     Exercise Price
                                     (000)         (Cdn$)         (000)          (Cdn$)         (000)         (Cdn$)
----------------------------------- --------- ------------------ --------- ------------------ -------- --------------------
Outstanding at beginning of year       4,821        1.56            3,730        1.56           3,497         10.40
Granted                                  938        1.02            1,695        1.39           2,013          1.42
Exercised                                  -          -               (62)       1.55             (18)         1.08
Forfeited                              1,164        1.69             (542)       1.73          (1,762)         7.55
----------------------------------- --------- ------------------ --------- ------------------ -------- --------------------
Outstanding at end of year             4,595        1.42            4,821        1.56           3,730          1.86
Options exercisable at year-end        3,607                        3,520                       3,127
Weighted-average fair value of
   options granted during the year                  1.02                         1.23                          1.86	

                                        Options Outstanding                              Options Exercisable
                      --------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------
                           Number                                                     Number
      GSR PLAN         Outstanding at     Weighted-Average   Weighted-Average     Exercisable at    Weighted-Average
 Range of Exercise      Dec. 31, 2001        Remaining        Exercise Price      Dec. 31, 2001      Exercise Price
   Prices (Cdn$)            (000)         Contractual Life        (Cdn$)              (000)              (Cdn$)
--------------------- ------------------ ------------------- ------------------ ------------------- ------------------
    0.60 to 1.15              974               9.41               1.02                 434               1.02
    1.16 to 1.64            2,293               8.08               1.38               1,845               1.38
    1.65 to 1.80            1,328               4.64               1.79               1,328               1.80
                            -----               ----               ----               -----               ----
                            4,595               7.37               1.42               3,607               1.49	

The following tables summarize information about stock options for the Guyanor Plan:

                                               2001                         2000                         1999
                                    ---------------------------- ---------------------------  ---------------------------
                                              Weighted-Average              Weighted-Average             Weighted-Average
GUYANOR PLAN                         Shares    Exercise Price     Shares     Exercise Price    Shares     Exercise Price
                                     (000)         (Cdn$)         (000)          (Cdn$)         (000)         (Cdn$)
----------------------------------- --------- ------------------ ---------  ----------------  --------  -----------------
Outstanding at beginning of year        1,550        2.75            3,216         3.40          3,035         3.56
Granted                                    26        0.25               70         0.78            181         0.72
Exercised                                  --          --               --           --             --           --
Forfeited                                 384        3.38           (1,736)        3.87             --           --
                                    --------- ------------------ ---------  ----------------  --------  -----------------
Outstanding at end of year              1,192        2.49            1,550         2.75          3,216         3.40
Options exercisable at year-end         1,187                        1,539                       3,095
Weighted-average fair value of
 options granted during the year                     0.25                          0.70                        0.72	

                                        Options Outstanding                              Options Exercisable
                      --------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------
                           Number                                                     Number
  GUYANOR PLAN         Outstanding at     Weighted-Average   Weighted-Average     Exercisable at    Weighted-Average
 Range of Exercise      Dec. 31, 2001        Remaining        Exercise Price      Dec. 31, 2001      Exercise Price
   Prices (Cdn$)            (000)         Contractual Life        (Cdn$)              (000)              (Cdn$)
--------------------- ------------------ ------------------- ------------------ ------------------- ------------------
    0.25 to 1.64              245                7.23               1.05                 240               1.06
    2.10 to 3.30              878                3.53               2.36                 878               2.36
        9.20                   69                4.95               9.20                  69               9.20
                            -----               -----               ----               -----               ----
                            1,192                4.24               2.49               1,187               2.50	

(b) STOCK OPTION LOANS
As of December 31, 1998 employees had exercised their rights under employee stock option loan agreements and purchased 1,029,012 common shares against which there were outstanding loans of Cdn$5.3 million which related to loans to two employees, one a former officer and currently a director, and the other a former officer of the Company. These loans were non-interest bearing, collateralized by our common shares issued under the agreement,
67

and repayable within five years from the date of exercise unless the loan term is extended by vote of the Board of Directors.
During 1999, 679,012 shares were canceled that were previously issued for options granted under the Golden Star Stock Option Plan and the remaining balance related to stock option loans, principally to one former officer, amounting to $3.3 million and collateralized by the shares, was also canceled. During 1999, we negotiated repayment of the stock option loans in the amount of approximately $0.7 million with the former officer and current director, and it was paid in full in May 1999. There were no stock option loans outstanding as of December 31, 1999 and no new stock option loans were granted during 2000 and 2001.
(c) STOCK BONUS PLAN
In December 1992, we established an Employees' Stock Bonus Plan (the "Bonus Plan") for any full-time or part-time employee (whether or not a director) of the Company or any of our subsidiaries who has rendered meritorious services, which contributed to the success of the Company or any of its subsidiaries. The Bonus Plan provides that a specifically designated committee of the Board of Directors may grant bonus common shares on terms that it may determine, within the limitations of the Bonus Plan and subject to the rules of applicable regulatory authorities. The maximum number of common shares issuable under the Bonus Plan is 320,000.
During 2001, 2000 and 1999, a total of nil, 40,000 and 24,994 common shares respectively were issued to certain employees pursuant to the Bonus Plan. We recognized compensation expense related to bonuses under the Bonus Plan during 2001, 2000 and 1999 of nil, $35,000 and $20,000, respectively.
(d) WARRANTS
On August 24, 1999 we completed a financing with total proceeds from the sale of equity units of $3.4 million, comprised of 6,923,000 common shares and warrants to purchase 3,461,500 common shares. The exercise price of these warrants was $0.70 and the expiration date was February 24, 2001. In December 2000, we obtained regulatory approval to reduce the exercise price for 2,299,500 of these warrants to $0.52 per share and to extend the life of these same warrants to the earlier of August 24, 2001 or the 30th calendar day following the determination that the 10-day weighted average trading price is greater than $0.62 per share. The new price was in excess of the fair market value at the date of the re-pricing. In May 2001, the ten-day weighted average trading price exceeded $0.62 per share, triggering the thirty-day mandatory exercise period. Subsequently, 934,000 of these options were exercised and all remaining unexercised warrants in this tranche expired prior to the end of June 2001.
In conjunction with the convertible debenture financing (also completed on August 24, 1999), which totaled $4,155,000, we also issued warrants ("four year warrants") to the holders of the debentures to purchase up to 831,000 common shares. The exercise prices for the four-year warrants, was $1.50 if exercised prior to August 24, 2001 and $1.75 if exercised after August 24, 2001 but before August 24, 2003. The four-year warrants expire August 24, 2003. None of these warrants have been exercised to December 31, 2001.
Also, on August 24, 1999, we issued warrants at an exercise price of $0.70 to purchase a total of 380,825 of our common shares, in connection with the equity financing completed on the same date. These warrants had an expiration date of August 24, 2000. In August 2000, we extended the life of these warrants to February 24, 2001. In December 2000, we obtained regulatory approval to reduce the exercise price for these warrants to $0.52 per share and to extend the life of these warrants to the earlier of August 24, 2001 or the 30th calendar day following the determination that the 10-day weighted average trading price is greater than $0.62 per share. The new price was in excess of the fair market value at the date of the re-pricing. In May 2001 the ten-day weighted average trading price exceeded $0.62 per share, triggering the thirty-day mandatory exercise period. Subsequently 152,330 of these options were exercised and all remaining unexercised warrants in this tranche expired prior to the end of June 2001.
On June 9, 1999, we issued two warrants to a financial institution to purchase 1,500,000 of our common shares, in connection with the credit facility that was arranged, but not used to effect, the purchase of BGL. These warrants were exercisable at a price of $0.7063 each and expire June 9, 2002. In October 1999, we reduced the exercise price of these warrants from $0.7063 to $0.425. The fair value of the warrants of approximately $1.3 million was
68

included in share capital, and was reflected as a purchase price adjustment in the fourth quarter of 1999. All of these warrants were exercised during 2001.
On October 26 1999, we issued two warrants at an exercise price of $0.70 to brokerage firms to purchase a total of 380,825 common shares of the Company in connection with the completion of the August 24 equity financing and the closing of the BGL acquisition. These warrants had an expiration date of August 24, 2000. In August 2000, we extended the life of these warrants to February 24, 2001. In December 2000, we obtained regulatory approval to reduce the exercise price for these warrants to $0.52 per share and to extend the life of these warrants to the earlier of August 24, 2001 or the 30th calendar day following the determination that the 10-day weighted average trading price is greater than $0.62 per share. The new price was in excess of the fair market value at the date of the re-pricing. In May 2001, the ten-day weighted average trading price exceeded $0.62 per share, triggering the thirty-day mandatory exercise period. Subsequently, 152,330 of these options were exercised and all remaining unexercised warrants in this tranche expired prior to the end of June 2001.
In conjunction with the purchase of Prestea property, we issued to Barnex, 1,333,333 warrants to subscribe for our common shares at a price of $0.70 for three years. All of these warrants were outstanding at December 31, 2001.
(e) DEBENTURE CONVERSION
During 2001 holders of convertible debentures opted to convert $1.5 million of debentures to equity. These conversions added $1.0 million to share capital. The balance, of $0.5 million, reduced the equity component of the convertible debentures.
14. INCOME TAXES
Income tax accounting for US GAAP utilizes a similar asset and liability approach. Use of the asset and liability method has no effect on the US GAAP nor the Cdn GAAP financial statements as we has concluded that a full valuation allowance must be applied to the future tax asset resulting from our net operating loss carryforwards. For the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2000, we have recorded no current tax expense under Canadian nor US GAAP due to the cumulative net losses incurred to date. Tax return preparation is currently in arrears with 1999 and 2000 returns currently incomplete. It is our plan to bring all tax filing current by the end of 2002.
Summarized below are the components of future taxes:

                                                        As of December 31,
                                                      2001              2000
                                                    --------          --------
Temporary differences relating to net assets:
     Other current assets                           $    -0-          $     62
     Property, plant & equipment                      34,634            28,692
     Investment in OGML                                  930               930
     Offering costs                                    1,324             1,324
     Tax loss and credit carryforwards                19,303            18,016
                                                    --------          --------
Gross future tax asset                                56,191            49,024
                                                    --------          --------
Valuation allowance                                  (56,191)          (49,024)
Net future tax assets                                     --                --
                                                    ========          ========	

15. OPERATIONS BY GEOGRAPHIC AREA
The following geographic data includes revenue based on product shipment origin and long-lived assets based on physical location. The Corporate entity has locations in Canada and in the United States.
69

                                                              NET                IDENTIFIABLE
                                    REVENUES              INCOME(LOSS)              ASSETS
                                    --------              ------------           ------------
2001
         South America              $    548                $(15,373)               $ 8,429
         Africa                       24,105                  (3,019)                27,572
         Corporate                         5                  (2,192)                   551
                                    --------                --------                -------
Total                               $ 24,658                $(20,584)               $36,552
                                    ========                ========                =======

2000
         South America              $     29                $(14,009)               $21,960
         Africa                       30,916                      18                 24,625
         Corporate                       226                    (890)                 2,884
                                    --------                --------                -------
Total                               $ 31,171                $(14,881)               $49,469
                                    ========                ========                =======

1999
         South America              $    345                $(19,176)               $36,800
         Africa                       10,611                  (1,508)                26,364
         Corporate                       298                  (3,682)                11,188
                                    --------                --------                -------
Total                               $ 11,254                $(24,366)               $74,352
                                    ========                ========                =======	

70

16. GENERALLY ACCEPTED ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES IN CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES
The following Golden Star Resources Ltd. consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (US GAAP). (Stated in thousands of United States Dollars except for per share amounts)
(a.) BALANCE SHEETS IN US GAAP

                                                             As of December 31,
                                                             2001          2000
                                                          ----------    ----------
Cash                                                      $      509    $      991
Trade accounts receivable, net                                 1,231           976
Inventories                                                    7,666        10,805
Other Assets                                                     230           188
                                                          ----------    ----------
       Total current assets                                    9,636        12,960

Restricted cash                                                3,365         4,147
Notes receivable                                                  --         1,918
Acquisition, deferred exploration and development costs
(note 1)                                                          --            --
Investment in OGML (note 2)                                       --            --
Mining property (note 1)                                       8,303         1,371
Fixed Assets, net                                              2,268         2,937
Other assets                                                     660           687
                                                          ----------    ----------

Total Assets                                              $   24,232    $   24,020
                                                          ==========    ==========

Current liabilities                                       $   14,785    $    8,508

Note payable OGML long term                                       --         1,378
Amounts payable to financial institutions                         --           250
Convertible debentures (note 3)                                2,411         3,875
Environmental rehabilitation liability                         5,407         5,651
Other                                                             --            19
                                                          ----------    ----------
        Total Liabilities                                     22,603        19,681

Minority interest                                                 96         4,817

Share capital (notes 3 and 4)                                165,833       158,519
Equity component of the convertible debentures (note 3)           --            --
Cumulative translation adjustments                             1,595         1,595
Accumulated comprehensive income (Note 5)                       (279)         (329)
          Deficit                                           (165,616)     (160,263)
                                                          ----------    ----------
Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity                $   24,232    $   24,020
                                                          ==========    ==========	

(b) STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS IN US GAAP

                                                               For the Years Ended December 31,
                                                                 2001        2000        1999
                                                               --------    --------    --------
Net loss under Canadian GAAP                                   $(20,584)   $(14,881)   $(24,366)
Net effect of the deferred exploration expenditures on
loss for the period (1)                                          13,815      12,166      13,403
Effect of capitalized acquisition costs (1)                          --     (11,302)     (1,233)
Effect of mining property depletion (6)                             500         683
Other (2) (3) (5)                                                   583         309         315
                                                               --------    --------    --------
Loss under US GAAP before minority interest                      (5,686)    (13,025)    (11,881)
Minority interest, as adjusted (1) (2) (3) (5)                      334         560         546
                                                               --------    --------    --------
Net loss under US GAAP                                           (5,352)    (12,465)    (11,335)
Other comprehensive income foreign exchange gain (5)                 50         254          10
                                                               --------    --------    --------
Comprehensive loss                                             $ (5,302)   $(12,211)   $(11,325)
                                                               ========    ========    ========
Basic and diluted net loss per share under US GAAP             $  (0.13)   $  (0.33)   $  (0.35)
                                                               ========    ========    ========	

71

Weighted average common shares outstanding are substantially the same under US GAAP as under Cdn GAAP for the periods presented.
Under US GAAP the Omai preferred share redemption premium would be included with costs and expenses before the caption "Loss Before the Undernoted" on the consolidated statements of operations
(c) STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS IN US GAAP

                                                                Year ended      Year ended      Year ended
                                                               December 31,    December 31,    December 31,
                                                                   2001            2000            1999
                                                               ------------    ------------    ------------
Cash provided by (used in):
          Operating Activities                                 $        799    $        206    $     (3,144)
          Investing activities                                       (3,545)           (966)         (8,284)
          Financing activities                                        2,264          (1,154)          6,983
                                                               ------------    ------------    ------------
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents for
the year                                                               (482)         (1,914)         (4,445)
Cash and cash equivalent beginning of year                              991           2,905           7,350
                                                               ------------    ------------    ------------
Cash and cash equivalents end of year                          $        509    $        991    $      2,905
                                                               ============    ============    ============	

(d) FOOTNOTES
(1) Under US GAAP, exploration and general and administrative costs related to projects are charged to expense as incurred. As such, the majority of costs charged to Exploration Expense and Abandonment of Mineral Properties under Cdn GAAP would have been charged to earnings in prior periods under US GAAP. Prior to January 1, 2000, acquisition costs for exploration properties were capitalized under US GAAP but in January 2000 we expensed previously capitalized acquisition costs related to exploration projects, totaling $11.3 million based upon the uncertainty of the ultimate recoverability of these costs under FAS
121. Under US GAAP, we now expense all exploration costs, including property acquisition costs, for exploration projects.
(2) Under US GAAP, the preferred share investment in OGML would have a carrying value of nil since the preferred shares were received in recognition of past exploration costs incurred by the Company, all of which were expensed for US GAAP purposes. Therefore, the entire Omai preferred share redemption premium would have been included in income. Under Cdn GAAP, a portion of the premium on the Omai preferred share redemption premium is included in income with the remainder reducing the carrying value of the Company's preferred stock investment.
(3) Cdn GAAP requires that convertible debentures should be classified into their component parts, as either a liability or equity, in accordance with the substance of the contractual agreement. Under US GAAP, the convertible debenture would be classified entirely as a liability.
(4) We eliminated our accumulated deficit through the amalgamation (defined as a reorganization under US GAAP) effective May 15, 1992. Under US GAAP the cumulative deficit was greater than the deficit under Cdn GAAP due to the write-off of certain deferred exploration costs described in (a) above.
(5) Under US GAAP, items such as foreign exchange gains and losses are required to be shown separately in derivation of Comprehensive Income.
(6) Under US GAAP, the fair value of warrants issued in connection with the credit facility that was arranged for, but not used to effect the purchase of BGL, is required to be expensed. Such costs were capitalized as part of the purchase cost of BGL for Canadian GAAP.
72

(e) SHARE BASED COMPENSATION
We apply Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees" (APB 25), and related interpretations in accounting for our two stock-based compensation plans. We also apply United States Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Interpretation No. 44, "Accounting for Certain Transactions Involving Stock Compensation - an Interpretation of APB No. 25" ("FIN 44"), providing clarification of the accounting rules for stock-based compensation under APB 25.
We have adopted the disclosure-only provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, "Accounting for Stock Based Compensation" (SFAS 123). Had compensation cost for our stock option plans been determined based on the fair value at the grant date for awards under the plans, consistent with the methodology prescribed under the SFAS 123, our net loss would have changed to the pro forma amounts indicated as follows:

                                                               2001               2000               1999
                                                             --------           --------           --------
Net loss under US GAAP                  As reported          $(5,352)           $(12,465)          $(11,335)
                                        Pro forma            $(5,841)           $(13,152)          $(12,584)
Net loss per share under US GAAP        As reported          $ (0.13)           $  (0.33)          $  (0.35)
                                        Pro forma            $ (0.14)           $  (0.35)          $  (0.39)	

The fair value of each option granted during 2001, 2000 and 1999 is estimated on the date of grant for both plans using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions:

                                                  2001
                               -------------------------------------------
                                     GSR Plan            Guyanor Plan
                               --------------------- ---------------------
Expected volatility               81.0% - 84.0%              91.0
Risk-free interest rate            4.94% - 5.08              4.94
Expected lives                       5 years               5 years
Dividend yield                          0%                    0%	

                                                  2000
                               -------------------------------------------
                                     GSR Plan            Guyanor Plan
                               --------------------- ---------------------

Expected volatility                   87.8%                 94.7%
Risk-free interest rate           6.10% - 6.79%         6.33% - 6.37%
Expected lives                       5 years               5 years
Dividend yield                          0%                    0%	

                                                  1999
                               -------------------------------------------
                                     GSR Plan            Guyanor Plan
                               --------------------- ---------------------
Expected volatility                   82.2%                 90.3%
Risk-free interest rate           4.65% - 6.08%             5.15%
Expected lives                       5 years               5 years
Dividend yield                          0%                    0%	

(f) IMPACT OF RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
During the year, the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants ("CICA") issued CICA 1581 - "Business Combinations" ("CICA 1581") and FASB issued SFAS No. 141, "Business Combinations", ("SFAS 141"). These standards are effective for all business combinations initiated after June 30, 2001, and require that the purchase method of accounting be used for all business combinations initiated after that date. We complied with CICA 1581 and SFAS 141 in the purchase of the Prestea property in 2001 and will continue to apply CICA 1581 and FAS 141 to any future acquisitions.
During the year, the CICA issued CICA 3062 - "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets" ("CICA 3062") and FASB issued SFAS No. 142, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets" ("SFAS 142"). These standards are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2001, which is the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2002 for the Company, but applied immediately to any business combinations consummated after June 30, 2001. CICA 3062 and SFAS 142 require that goodwill and intangible assets deemed to have indefinite lives will no longer be amortized,
73

including goodwill recorded in past business combinations, but will be subject to annual impairment tests in accordance with the new guidelines. Other tangible assets will continue to be amortized over their useful lives. We believe that the adoption of these pronouncements will have no impact on our consolidated financial results.
In August 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 144, "Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets", ("SFAS 144"). This Statement addresses financial accounting and reporting for the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets. The provisions of this Statement are effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2001, which is the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2002 for the Company. We have not yet assessed the impact that the adoption of this standard will have on our results of operations or financial position.
In December 2001, the CICA issued AcG 13 - "Hedging Relationships" ("AcG 13"). The guideline presents the views of the Canadian Accounting Standards Board on the identification, designation, documentation and effectiveness of hedging relationships, for the purpose of applying hedge accounting. The guideline is effective for all fiscal years beginning on or after July 31, 2002, which is the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2003 for the Company. Since we have no hedge instruments in place, we do not believe that the adoption of this guideline will have a material impact on our results of operations or financial position.
In January 2002, the CICA amended CICA 1650 - "Foreign Currency Translation" ("CICA 1650"). The amended standard eliminates the requirement to defer and amortize exchange gains and losses related to a foreign currency denominated monetary items with a fixed or ascertainable life extending beyond the end of the following fiscal year, and require new disclosure surrounding foreign exchange gains and losses. The standard is effective for all fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2002, which is the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2002 for the Company. We have not assessed the impact that the adoption of this standard will have on our results of operations or financial position.
In January 2002, the CICA issued CICA 3870 - "Stock-Based Compensation and Other Stock-Based Payments" ("CICA 3870"). This section establishes standards for the recognition, measurement and disclosure of stock-based compensation and other stock-based payments made in exchange for goods and services. This section sets out a fair value-based method of accounting and is required for certain, but not all, stock-based transactions. The recommendations of this section should be adopted for fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2002, which is the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2002 for the Company, and applied to awards granted on or after the date of adoption. We have not yet assessed the impact that the adoption of this standard will have on our results of operations or financial position.
17. RELATED PARTIES
During 1999, Golden Star, in conjunction with Anvil, acquired BGL (see Note 9). The current President and CEO of the Company, Peter J. Bradford, was then and still is a Director of Anvil and his relationship constituted a related party. Based on the heads of agreement with Anvil to effect the 1999 BGL acquisition, we provided Anvil with a promissory note for their share of the purchase price and also a note for their share of the acquisition costs. In June 2001, we acquired Anvil's 20% equity interest in BGL in return for the issuance of 3,000,000 common shares of Golden Star, and forgave the remaining note receivable, thereby ending the related party relationship.
18. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS
We are not aware of any events of material non-compliance in our operations with environmental laws and regulations, which could have a material adverse effect on our operations or financial condition. The exact nature of environmental control problems, if any, which we may encounter in the future cannot be predicted, primarily because of the changing character of environmental requirements that may be enacted within foreign jurisdictions. The environmental rehabilitation liability for reclamation and closure costs at the Bogoso mine was $5.4 million at December 31, 2001 and $5.7 million at December 31, 2000. Estimates of the final reclamation and closure costs for the new Prestea property are currently being prepared and once available a provision will be established.
74

RESTRICTED CASH (FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL REHABILITATION LIABILITY)
Upon the closing of the acquisition of BGL in 1999, we were required, according to the acquisition agreement, to restrict $6.0 million in cash. These funds are to be used for the ongoing, final reclamation and closure costs relating to the Bogoso mine site. The withdrawal of these funds must be agreed to by the Sellers of BGL, who are ultimately responsible for the reclamation in the event of non-performance by Golden Star. During 2001 and 2000, we were allowed to draw down $0.8 million and $1.9 million respectively of the restricted cash to cover ongoing reclamation costs incurred since the September 1999 project acquisition. At December 31, 2001, the remaining balance in the BGL reclamation cash fund was $3.3 million.
19. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
NEW PGR AGREEMENT
In March 2002, BGL reached an agreement with PGR, the Ghana Mineworkers Union and the Government of Ghana and related parties to form a joint venture, to be managed by BGL, for the assessment and future operations of the Prestea underground mine. BGL will contribute $2.4 million to become a 45% joint venture partner, with PGR also holding 45% and the Government of Ghana holding a 10% carried interest. Under the agreement, the funds provided to PGR will be used to pay arrears of salary and termination benefits to the Prestea underground miners. It is the intent of the joint venture to place the underground operation on care and maintenance pending completion of an assessment, which will include a comprehensive review of the safety and economic viability of the mine, as well as a review of past environmental practices.
GUIANA SHIELD TRANSACTION
We have agreed to sell our interest in the Gross Rosebel project in Suriname to our partner in the project, Cambior Inc., in accordance with the following terms: Golden Star will sell its 50% interest in Gross Rosebel in Suriname to Cambior for a total purchase consideration of $8.0 million in cash plus a price participation royalty on the first seven million ounces of future gold production from the project. In exchange for the Gross Rosebel property, Golden Star will receive $5.0 million cash from Cambior on closing (of which $3.0 million was received in January 2002) and three deferred payments of $1.0 million each no later than the second, third, and fourth anniversaries of the closing. Once commercial production begins, Cambior will also pay a price participation royalty, equal to the excess of the average market price for gold for each quarter above a hurdle gold price multiplied by 10% of the gold production for the quarter, less the 2% royalty payable in Suriname. For soft ores, the hurdle gold price will be $300 per ounce. For hard ores, the hurdle gold price will be $350 per ounce. As a part of this transaction, we will also transfer to Cambior our interest in the Headley's Reef and Thunder Mountain properties, contiguous to the Gross Rosebel property, and our 30% interest in the Omai Gold Mine in Guyana. Cambior will concurrently transfer to Golden Star its 50% interests in the Yaou and Dorlin properties and its 100% interest in the Bois Canon property (all in French Guiana).
PRIVATE PLACEMENT
In January 2002, the Company completed a private placement of 11.5 million units at a price of $0.49 (equivalent to Cdn$0.77) per unit for gross proceeds of $5.6 million ($5.3 million, net). Each unit consists of one common share and one-half of a warrant. Each whole warrant will entitle the holder to the right, for a period of two years, to acquire one further common share at an exercise price of $0.70 (currently equivalent to Cdn$1.10). Cash commissions and fees equaled 6% of the gross proceeds and warrants (identical to the unit warrants) equal to 6% of the total common shares issued in the private placement were issued to agents and consultants.
75

20. QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA - UNAUDITED

(In thousands except per share
amounts)                                                2001
                                      ------------------------------------------
                                       First     Second       Third      Fourth
                                      Quarter    Quarter     Quarter     Quarter
                                      -------    -------     -------     -------
Net Sales                             $ 4,835    $ 6,906     $ 5,856     $ 7,061

Gross Profit/(Loss)                    (1,026)    (1,174)       (561)     (1,029)

Net Loss                               (1,851)    (1,422)     (9,000)     (8,311)

Earning/(Loss) Per Common Share       $ (0.05)   $ (0.04)    $ (0.21)    $ (0.19)	

(In thousands except per share
amounts)                                                2000
                                      ------------------------------------------
                                       First     Second       Third      Fourth
                                      Quarter    Quarter     Quarter     Quarter
                                      -------    -------     -------     -------
Net Sales                             $ 8,991    $ 9,110     $ 7,742     $ 5,328

Gross Profit/(Loss)                       949        319      (1,190)      2,111

Net Income                                (70)      (156)     (1,689)    (12,966)

Earning/(Loss) Per Common Share       $  0.00    $  0.00     $ (0.04)    $ (0.36)	

Year 2001
Third quarter results include an $8.1 million impairment write-off of a portion of the Gross Rosebel project deferred acquisition and exploration costs. Fourth quarter results included $6.9 million of write-offs of deferred exploration properties, mostly in French Guiana.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
There have been no disagreements with PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, the Company's chartered accountants, regarding any matter of accounting principles or practices or financial statement disclosure.
PART III
ITEM 10, 11, 12 AND 13
In accordance with General Instruction G(3), the information required by Part III is hereby incorporated by reference from our proxy statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A not later than 120 days after the fiscal year covered by this report.
76

PART IV
ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
(a) The following documents are filed as part of this Report:
1. Financial Statements
Management's Report
Auditors' Report
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2001 and 2000 Consolidated Statements of Operations Years Ended December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity Years Ended December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Years Ended December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
2. Financial Statement Schedules
Financial Statement schedules have been omitted since they are either not required, are not applicable, or the required information is shown in the financial statements or related notes.
(b) Reports on Form 8-K.
A report 8-K was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 21, 2001 regarding an announcement by the Company that it intended to sell up to $6.125 million of units, each unit consisting of one common share and one half of one commons share purchase warrant, in a private offering.
77

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
Registrant

By:    /s/ Peter J. Bradford
       -----------------------------------------
       Peter J. Bradford
       President and Chief Executive Officer

Date:  March 25, 2002
       -----------------------------------------	

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated:

By:    /s/ Peter J. Bradford  By:     /s/ Allan J. Marter
       ---------------------          ------------------------------------------
Name:  Peter J. Bradford      Name:   Allan J. Marter
       ---------------------          ------------------------------------------
Title: President and CEO      Title:  Vice-President and Chief Financial Officer
       ---------------------          ------------------------------------------
Date:  March 25, 2002         Date:   March 25, 2002
       ---------------------          ------------------------------------------

By:    /s/ James E. Askew     By:     /s/ David K. Fagin
       ---------------------          ------------------------------------------
Name:  James E. Askew         Name:   David K. Fagin
       ---------------------          ------------------------------------------
Title: Director               Title:  Director
       ---------------------          ------------------------------------------
Date:  March 25, 2002         Date:   March 25, 2002
       ---------------------          ------------------------------------------

By:    /s/ Ernest C. Mercier  By:     /s/ Ian MacGregor
       ---------------------          ------------------------------------------
Name:  Ernest C. Mercier      Name:   Ian MacGregor
       ---------------------          ------------------------------------------
Title: Director               Title:  Director
       ---------------------          ------------------------------------------
Date:  March 25, 2002         Date:   March 25, 2002
       ---------------------          ------------------------------------------

By:    /s/ Robert R. Stone
       ---------------------
Name:  Robert R. Stone
       ---------------------
Title: Director
       ---------------------
Date:  March 25, 2002
       ---------------------	

EXHIBITS

2(a)     Articles of Arrangement dated March 7, 1995 with Plan of Arrangement
         attached (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company's
         Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1994)

3(a)     Articles of Amalgamation of the Company (incorporated by reference to
         Exhibit 1.1 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form 20-F, filed
         on May 10, 1993)

3(b)     By-laws of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.2 to the
         Company's Registration Statement on Form 20-F, filed on May 10, 1993)

3(c)     By-law Number One amended and restated (incorporated by reference to
         Exhibit 3 to the Company's Form 10-Q for quarter ended June 30, 1995)

4(a)     Form of Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3
         to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed on July 15,
         1994)

4(b)     Rights Agreement dated April 24, 1996, between the Company and The R-M
         Trust Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the
         Company's Form 8-K dated May 7, 1996)

4(c)     Amendment to Rights Agreement between the Company and CIBC Mellon Trust
         Company (formerly, the R-M Trust Company) dated as of June 30, 1999
         (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Form 10-Q
         for the period ended June 30, 1999)

4(d)     Indenture, dated as of August 24, 1999, between the Company and IBJ
         Whitehall Bank & Trust Company, as trustee (the "Trustee")
         (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company's Form 8-K
         dated August 24, 1999)

4(e)     Indenture Supplement, dated as of August 24, 1999, between the Company
         and the Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the
         Company's Form 8-K dated August 24, 1999)

4(f)     Form of Specimen of Debenture (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3
         to the Company's Form 8-K dated August 24, 1999)

4(g)     Form of Specimen of Four-Year Warrant (incorporated by reference to
         Exhibit 4.4 to the Company's Form 8-K dated August 24, 1999)

4(h)     Form of Specimen of Eighteen-Month Warrant (incorporated by reference
         to Exhibit 4.5 to the Company's Form 8-K dated August 24, 1999)

4(i)     Form of Specimen of Broker Warrant (incorporated by reference to
         Exhibit 4.6 to the Company's Form 8-K dated August 24, 1999)

10(a)    Memorandum of Association of Omai Gold Mines dated August 15, 1990 and
         entered into among Cambior, the Company and the Government of Guyana
         (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to the Company's Registration
         Statement on Form 20-F, filed on May 10, 1993)	

78

10(b)    Omai Mineral Agreement dated August 16, 1992 respecting the Omai Gold
         Mine (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.10 to the Company's
         Registration Statement on Form 20-F, filed on May 10, 1993)

10(c)    Gross Rosebel Mineral Agreement dated April 7, 1994 between The
         Republic of Suriname, Grasshopper Aluminum Company N.V. and the Company
         (English translation) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the
         Company's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1994)

10(d)    Option Agreement dated June 1, 1994 between Cambior Inc. and the
         Company regarding the Gross Rosebel property (incorporated by reference
         to Exhibit 10.10 to the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended December
         31, 1994)

10(e)    Option Agreement dated May 11, 1994 between Cambior Inc. and the
         Company regarding Yaou and Dorlin properties (incorporated by reference
         to Exhibit 10.11 to the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended December
         31, 1994)

10(f)    Management Services Agreement dated January 1, 1995 between the Company
         and Guyanor Ressources S.A. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18
         to the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1995)

10(h)    English translation of the Option and Joint Venture Agreement dated
         June 26, 1996, between Societe de Travaux Publics et de Mines Aurifiere
         en Guyane, Societe Guyanaise des Mines, LaSource Developpement SAS and
         ASARCO Exploration Company for the Paul Isnard property (incorporated
         by reference to Exhibit 10.26 to the Company's Form 10-K for the year
         ended December 31, 1996)

10(i)    1997 Stock Option Plan as amended and restated to June 14, 1999
         (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.33(a) to the Company's Form
         10-K for the year ended December 31, 1999)

10(j)    Employees' Stock Bonus Plan amended and restated to April 6, 2000
         (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(j) to the Company's Form 10-K
         for the year ended December 31, 2000)

10(k)    Guyanor Ressources S.A. Stock Option Plan amended and restated as of
         June 15, 1999 (English translation) (incorporated by reference to
         Exhibit 10.35(a) to the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended December
         31, 1999)

10(l)    Standardized Adoption Agreement for a 401-K Savings Plan adopted
         January 1, 1996 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to the
         Company's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1995)

10(m)    Employment contract with Mr. Peter Bradford dated November 1, 1999
         (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.38 (c) to the Company's form
         10K for the year ended December 31, 1999)

10(n)    Agreements between the Company and its outside directors granting them
         options to purchase Guyanor Class "B" common shares, (1) dated December
         8, 1995, and December 10, 1996 (incorporated by reference as Exhibit
         10.39 to the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1996),
         (2) dated December 9, 1997 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
         10.39(a) to the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
         1997), (3) dated December 8, 1998 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
         10.39(b) to the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
         1998), and (4) dated June 15, 1999 (incorporated by reference to
         Exhibit 10.39(c) to the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended December
         31, 1999	

79

10(o)    Registration Rights Agreement between the Company, Elliott Associates,
         L.P. and Westgate International L.P. (incorporated by reference to
         Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30,
         1999)

10(p)    Warrant to purchase common stock granted by the Company to Elliott
         Associates, L.P. dated June 9, 1999 (incorporated by reference to
         Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30,
         1999)

10(q)    Agreement for the sale and purchase of debt and 90% of the shares of
         Bogoso Gold Limited dated as of June 1, 1999 (incorporated by reference
         to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company's Form 10-Q for the period ended June
         30, 1999)

10(r)    Revised and Restated Agreement, dated as of June 1, 1999, among the
         Company, Anvil and the other parties signatory thereto Agent
         (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company's Form 8-K
         dated September 30, 1999)

10(s)    Credit Facility letter and Option Premium Letter between Elliott
         Associates L.P. and the Company entered into on May 5, 1999 in
         connection with the purchase of 90% interest in Bogoso Gold Mine Ltd.
         (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company's Form 10-Q
         for the period ended June 30, 1999)

10(u)    Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of August 24, 1999, between the
         Company and the Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the
         Company's Form 8-K dated August 24, 1999)

10(x)    Heads of Agreement dated December 29, 2000, between Guyanor Ressources
         S.A. and Rio Tinto Mining and Exploration Limited regarding the
         Paul-Isnard project in French Guiana (incorporated by reference to
         Exhibit 10(x) to the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended
         December 31, 2000)

10(y)    Share Subscription Agreement dated December 28, 2000 between the
         Company and Rio Tinto Mining and Exploration Limited (incorporated by
         reference to Exhibit 10(y) to the Company's Form 10-K for the year
         ended December 31, 2000)

10(z)    Sale of Shares Agreement with Barnato Exploration Ltd., for the
         purchase of Prestea mining lease rights and Barnex Isle of Man dated
         June 21, 2001

10(aa)   Agreement with Prestea Gold Resources, Ltd. for the purchase of Prestea
         mining lease rights and option payments (incorporated by reference to
         Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Form 8-K dated March 6, 2001)

10(bb)   Agreement to purchase Anvil Mining's 20% interest in Bogoso Gold
         Limited

10(cc)   Guiana Shield Transaction Agreement with Cambior Inc. dated October 25,
         2001 for the sale and swap of Golden Star's interest in Gross Rosebel
         and other properties (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the
         Company's Form 8-K dated March 6, 2002)

10(dd)   Gold Reserves Qualifying Report on the Bogoso-Prestea Project, Ghana
         prepared by Associated Mining Consultants Ltd. dated December 13. 2001.

10(ee)   Mining lease issued to Bogoso Gold Limited for the Prestea property by
         the government of Ghana (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to
         the Company's Form 8-K dated March 6, 2002).

10(ff)   Joint Venture Memorandum of Agreement between Golden Star and Prestea
         Gold Resources and others.

21.1     Subsidiaries of the Registrant

23.1     Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Chartered Accountants	

80

Exhibit 10(z)
SALE OF SHARES AGREEMENT
Between
GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
and
BARNATO EXPLORATION LIMITED
JUNE 21, 2001
[DENEYS REITZ LOGO]

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.  PARTIES ...............................................................    1

2.  INTERPRETATION ........................................................    1

3.  INTRODUCTION ..........................................................    8

4.  CONDITIONS PRECEDENT ..................................................    9

5.  DUE DILIGENCE .........................................................   13

6.  SALE ..................................................................   14

7.  PURCHASE PRICE AND PAYMENT ............................................   14

8.  CLOSING ...............................................................   21

9.  MUTUAL CO-OPERATION ...................................................   24

10. CONFIDENTIALITY .......................................................   25

11. WARRANTIES ............................................................   26

12. INDEMNIFICATION .......................................................   28

13. LIMITATIONS ON WARRANTIES AND INDEMNITIES .............................   31

14. TERMINATION ...........................................................   33

15. COVENANTS AND AGREEMENTS ..............................................   35

16. ADDRESSES .............................................................   40

17. GOVERNING LAW AND JURISDICTION ........................................   42

18. SEVERABILITY ..........................................................   44

19. COUNTERPARTS ..........................................................   44

20. FORCE MAJEURE .........................................................   45

21. GENERAL ...............................................................   46

22. COSTS .................................................................   47

SCHEDULE 1: AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF BARNEX (IOM),
BARNEX PRESTEA AND BARNEX GHANA AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2000 ....................   49	

Page 2

SCHEDULE 2: REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES IN RESPECT OF
BARNEX (IOM) AND THE BARNEX COMPANIES (COLLECTIVELY THE "BARNEX
GROUP") ...................................................................   50

SCHEDULE 2A: DISCLOSURES ..................................................   71

SCHEDULE 3: ABROGATION LETTER DATED 25 OCTOBER 2000 .......................   72

SCHEDULE 4: CONTRACTS .....................................................   73

SCHEDULE 5: BANKING DETAILS ...............................................   74

SCHEDULE 6: SELLER SECURITY ...............................................   75	

                            SALE OF SHARES AGREEMENT

1.          PARTIES

1.1         GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.

1.2         BARNATO EXPLORATION LIMITED

2.          INTERPRETATION

2.1         The headings to the clauses of the Agreement are inserted for
            reference purposes only and shall in no way govern or affect the
            interpretation hereof.

2.2         Unless inconsistent with the context, the expressions set forth
            below shall bear the following meanings:

            "this Agreement"                  this agreement together with the
                                              schedules and annexures hereto;

            "Barnex Companies"                collectively, Barnex Ghana and
                                              Barnex Prestea;

            "Barnex Ghana"                    Barnex (Ghana) Limited,
                                              registration no. 65989, a company
                                              incorporated according to the laws
                                              of the Republic of Ghana;

            "Barnex (IOM)"                    Barnex (IOM) Limited, registration
                                              no. 74909C, a company incorporated
                                              according to the laws of the Isle
                                              of Man;

            "the Barnex (IOM) Accounts"       the audited financial statements
                                              of Barnex (IOM), for the fiscal
                                              year ended as at 31 December 2000,
                                              a copy of which is	

                                                                          Page 2

                                              annexed as Schedule 1;

            "Barnex Prestea"                  Barnex (Prestea) Limited,
                                              registration no. 65989, a company
                                              incorporated according to the laws
                                              of the Republic of Ghana;

            "the Barnex Prestea Accounts"     the audited financial statements
                                              of Barnex Prestea, for the fiscal
                                              year ended as at 31 December 2000,
                                              a copy of which is annexed as
                                              Schedule 1;

            "BGL"                             Bogoso Gold Limited, registration
                                              no. 29,939, a company incorporated
                                              according to the laws of the
                                              Republic of Ghana;

            "Bogoso Property"                 the area covered by two mining
                                              leases granted to BGL on 21
                                              August, 1987 and 16 August, 1988
                                              respectively, as amended from time
                                              to time, together with all mineral
                                              rights appertaining thereto;

            "Business Day"                    any day other than a Saturday,
                                              Sunday or official public holiday
                                              in the city of Johannesburg,
                                              Republic of South Africa or in the
                                              city of Denver, State of Colorado
                                              of the United States of America ;

            "change of control"               in relation to BGL or any
                                              permitted affiliate which may hold
                                              the New Mining Lease, means a
                                              change in the holding of voting
                                              securities of BGL or such
                                              affiliate as a result of which any
                                              person or group of persons, or
                                              persons acting jointly or in
                                              concert with, or persons
                                              associated or affiliated with any
                                              such person or group are in a
                                              position to elect a majority of
                                              the directors of BGL or such
                                              affiliate;

            "Closing"                         the consummation of the sale of
                                              the Shares and the Seller's Claim
                                              and all other transactions
                                              contemplated in this Agreement as
                                              contemplated in clause 8;

            "Closing Date"                    14 August 2001 or such other date
                                              as may be agreed in writing
                                              between the Parties	

                                                                          Page 3

                                              subject to the provisions of
                                              clause 14.1(d);

            "Dollars" or "$"                  the currency which is, from time
                                              to time, legal tender for the
                                              payment of all private and public
                                              debts in the United States of
                                              America;

            "Force Majeure"                   any cause, whether foreseeable or
                                              unforeseeable, beyond a party's
                                              reasonable control, including,
                                              without limitation, labour
                                              disputes (however arising and
                                              whether or not employee demands
                                              are reasonable or within the power
                                              of such party to grant); acts of
                                              God; laws, regulations, orders,
                                              proclamations, instructions or
                                              requests of any government or
                                              governmental entity; judgments or
                                              orders of any court; inability to
                                              obtain on reasonably acceptable
                                              terms any public or private
                                              license, permit or other
                                              authorization; curtailment or
                                              suspension of activities to remedy
                                              or avoid an actual or alleged,
                                              present or prospective violation
                                              of federal, state or local
                                              environmental standards; acts of
                                              war or conditions arising out of
                                              or attributable to war, whether
                                              declared or undeclared; riot,
                                              civil strife, insurrection or
                                              rebellion; fire, explosion,
                                              earthquake, storm, flood,
                                              sinkholes, drought or other
                                              adverse weather condition; delay
                                              or failure by suppliers or
                                              transporters of materials, parts,
                                              supplies, services or equipment;
                                              contractor' or subcontractors'
                                              shortage of, or inability to
                                              obtain, labour, transportation,
                                              materials, machinery, equipment,
                                              supplies, utilities or services;
                                              accidents; breakdown of equipment,
                                              machinery or facilities; or any
                                              other cause whether similar or
                                              dissimilar to the foregoing;

            "Government"                      the duly constituted government of
                                              the Republic of Ghana or any
                                              political subdivision thereof, as
                                              recognised from time to time by
                                              the United States of America,
                                              whether federal, state, local or
                                              foreign, or any judicial body,
                                              agency or	

                                                                          Page 4

                                              instrumentality of any such
                                              government or political
                                              subdivision (including without
                                              limitation, the Bank of Ghana);

            "Lease Area"                      the area covered by the Mining
                                              Lease;

            "Main Agreement"                  that certain main agreement, dated
                                              as of 20 May, 1996, as amended
                                              from time to time, between JCI
                                              Ltd, the Seller, the Government,
                                              Prestea Goldfields Limited, and
                                              the State Gold Mining Company Ltd;

            "Mining Lease"                    that certain mining lease covering
                                              the Lease Area granted to the
                                              Seller on October 13, 1994, as
                                              amended from time to time before
                                              the date hereof, together with all
                                              the mineral rights appertaining
                                              thereto;

            "New Mining Lease"                that certain mining lease, in form
                                              and substance acceptable to BGL
                                              and the Purchaser, covering the
                                              Lease Area to a depth of 200
                                              metres below the top of the winder
                                              for the Lease Area's central
                                              shaft, to be granted to BGL or an
                                              affiliate thereof approved by the
                                              Seller, such approval not to be
                                              unreasonably withheld or delayed,
                                              together with all the mineral
                                              rights relating thereto;

            "Normal Business Hours"           the period of local time
                                              commencing at 08h30 and
                                              terminating at 16h30 on any
                                              Business Day;

            "Parties"                         collectively, the Seller and the
                                              Purchaser;

            "PDA"                             that certain project development
                                              agreement, dated as of 13
                                              September, 1995, as amended from
                                              time to time, between JCI Ltd, the
                                              Seller, the Government, Prestea
                                              Goldfields Limited, and the State
                                              Gold Mining Company Ltd;

            "PGL"                             Prestea Goldfields Limited, a
                                              company incorporated according to
                                              the laws of the Republic of Ghana
                                              and owned by the	

                                                                          Page 5

                                              Government;

            "PGR"                             Prestea Gold Resources Limited, a
                                              company incorporated according to
                                              the laws of the Republic of Ghana;

            "Purchase Price"                  the purchase price as set forth in
                                              clause 7.1;

            "Purchaser"                       Golden Star Resources Ltd, a
                                              company amalgamated according to
                                              the federal laws of Canada;

            "Rand" or "R"                     the currency which is, from time
                                              to time, legal tender for the
                                              payment of all private and public
                                              debts in the Republic of South
                                              Africa;

            "the Seller"                      Barnato Exploration Limited,
                                              registration no. 1988/03756/06, a
                                              company incorporated according to
                                              the laws of the Republic of South
                                              Africa;

            "the Seller's Claim"              the claim of the Seller, on loan
                                              account, against Barnex Prestea,
                                              which claim will be, as at the
                                              Closing Date, for an amount of not
                                              less than $17 062 885;

            "SGMC"                            the State Gold Mining Company Ltd
                                              (Registration No. 71,023) of the
                                              Republic of Ghana, a company
                                              incorporated according to the laws
                                              of the Republic of Ghana and owned
                                              by the Government;

            "the Shares"                      47 ordinary par value shares of $1
                                              in the capital of Barnex (IOM),
                                              which shares constitute 100% of
                                              the total number of issued and
                                              outstanding shares of Barnex
                                              (IOM);

            "Signature Date"                  the date of last signature of this
                                              Agreement;

            "Technical Data"                  means maps, drill logs and other
                                              drilling data, core tests, pulps,
                                              reports, surveys, assays,
                                              analyses, feasibility and other
                                              studies, production reports,
                                              operations,	

                                                                          Page 6

                                              technical, accounting and
                                              financial records, and other
                                              material information developed in
                                              connection with exploration,
                                              development and mining operations
                                              conducted on the Lease Area prior
                                              to the Closing Date.

            "Transaction Documents"           this Agreement and any other
                                              agreements, instruments,
                                              indemnities, certificates or other
                                              documents delivered in connection
                                              with the transactions contemplated
                                              hereby;

2.3         If any provision in a definition is a substantive provision
            conferring rights or imposing obligations on any Party,
            notwithstanding that it is only in the definition clause, effect
            shall be given to it as if it were a substantive provision of this
            Agreement.

2.4         Unless inconsistent with the context, an expression which denotes:

2.4.1       any gender includes the other genders;

2.4.2       a natural person includes an artificial person and vice versa;

2.4.3       the singular includes the plural and vice versa.

2.5         When any number of days is prescribed in this Agreement, same shall
            be reckoned exclusively of the first and inclusively of the last day
            unless the last day falls on a day which is not a Business Day, in
            which case the last day shall be the immediately following Business
            Day.	

                                                                          Page 7

2.6         Where figures are referred to in numerals and in words, if there is
            any conflict between the two, the words shall prevail.

2.7         Where any term is defined within the context of any particular
            clause in this Agreement, the term so defined, unless it is clear
            from the clause in question that the term so defined has limited
            application to the relevant clause, shall bear the same meaning
            ascribed to it for all purposes in terms of this Agreement,
            notwithstanding that that term has not been defined in this
            interpretation clause.

2.8         The schedules and annexures to this Agreement form an integral part
            hereof as if fully recited therein and words and expressions defined
            in this Agreement shall bear, unless the context otherwise requires,
            the same meaning in such schedules and annexures. Information in any
            schedules or annexures thereto shall be deemed to be set forth in
            all the other schedules and annexures thereto.

2.9         Any reference to an enactment in this Agreement is to that enactment
            as at the Signature Date as amended or re-enacted from time to time.

2.10        The rule of construction that the contract shall be interpreted
            against the Party responsible for the drafting or preparation of the
            Agreement shall not apply.	

                                                                          Page 8

3.          INTRODUCTION

3.1         The Seller is the registered and beneficial owner of the Shares and
            is fully entitled to dispose of the Shares to the Purchaser.

3.2         The Seller is the beneficial owner of the Seller's Claim and is
            fully entitled to dispose of the Seller's Claim to the Purchaser.

3.3         The Seller and Barnex Prestea are fully entitled to exercise all of
            the rights and perform all of the obligations under the Mining
            Lease, Main Agreement and the PDA except for the rights and
            obligations of the Government, PGL and SGMC thereunder.

3.4         Barnex (IOM) is the registered and beneficial owner of all of the
            issued and outstanding securities of the Barnex Companies.

3.5         Prior to, or on the Closing Date, the Purchaser intends to procure
            that the New Mining Lease is issued by the Government.

3.6         On the Closing Date, the Purchaser and the Seller shall procure,
            subject to the approval of the Government, that all of the rights of
            the Seller and/or Barnex Prestea, in terms of the provisions of the
            Mining Lease, the PDA and the Main Agreement are abandoned against a
            written waiver and release from the Government, PGL and SGMC in
            respect of any liabilities relating thereto, the Lease Area or their
            activities pursuant to such agreements.	

                                                                          Page 9

3.7         The Seller wishes to sell to the Purchaser and the Purchaser wishes
            to purchase, the Shares and the Seller's Claim, upon the terms and
            conditions set out in this Agreement.

4.          CONDITIONS PRECEDENT

4.1         The obligation of the Purchaser to enter into and complete the
            Closing is subject, at its option, to the fulfilment of the
            following conditions:

4.1.1       The representations and warranties of the Seller contained in this
            Agreement shall be true and correct on and as of the Closing Date
            with the same force and effect as though made as of and on the
            Closing Date.

4.1.2       The Seller shall have complied in all material respects with all
            covenants and agreements required by this Agreement to be performed
            or complied with by the Seller on or prior to the Closing Date.

4.1.3       The Seller shall have delivered to the Purchaser a certificate dated
            as of the Closing Date and signed by its chief executive officer or
            managing director, as the case may be, re-stating the text of
            clauses 4.1.1 and 4.1.2 above and stating unequivocally that all the
            conditions of the Purchaser to close hereunder have been fully
            satisfied or specifically waived in a writing addressed by the
            Purchaser to the Seller.

4.1.4       The approval of the Government of the transfer of the Shares, the
            approval of Government to: (i) the transfer of the shares of Barnex	

                                                                         Page 10

            Ghana and Barnex Prestea, and (ii) the change of
            controller-shareholder of Barnex Prestea, the approval of the South
            African Reserve Bank and the approval of the shareholders of the
            Seller, required to implement the transactions contemplated in this
            Agreement shall have been obtained.

4.1.5       The Mining Lease, PDA and the Main Agreement shall be terminated at
            or before Closing on a basis whereby none of Barnex (IOM) or any of
            the Barnex Companies shall have any obligation thereunder or to any
            other party thereto.

4.1.6       No action, suit, or proceeding involving Barnex (IOM) or the Barnex
            Companies or their respective subsidiaries shall have been
            instituted before any court or governmental or regulatory body, or
            instituted or threatened by any governmental or regulatory body,
            that has or may have a materially adverse effect on the assets,
            prospects or financial position of Barnex (IOM), or the Barnex
            Companies.

4.1.7       Barnex (IOM) and the Barnex Companies shall have paid or provided
            for all Taxes (as defined in clause 10 of Schedule 2) required to be
            paid by any of them relating to taxable periods ending on or before
            the Closing Date but excluding any royalty payments due but not paid
            by the Barnex Companies to the Government on or before the Closing
            Date in terms of clause 10 of Schedule 2.	

                                                                         Page 11

4.1.8       The Government, PGL and SGMC shall have provided a written waiver
            and release in terms of which each of them waives and releases any
            claims which they might otherwise have had against the Barnex
            Companies (collectively "the Released Parties") in respect of the
            Main Agreement, the Mining Lease, the PDA and, the activities of the
            Released Parties under those agreements or otherwise on or about the
            Lease Area. Such waiver and release shall include, but not limited
            to a waiver and release of each of the Government, PGL and SGMC to
            obtain payment of all amounts owed actually or on a contingent basis
            to any of them in respect of the liabilities, actual or contingent,
            described on Schedule 2A under the heading "Disclosures Related to
            Clause 4.1.9".

4.1.9       The New Mining Lease shall have been granted.

4.1.10      Subject only to the delivery of a full and final release as
            contemplated by clause 8.1 all litigation currently in progress in
            respect of rights of access to and possession of the Lease Area
            shall be settled.

4.2         The obligation of the Seller to enter into and complete the Closing
            is subject, at its option, to the fulfilment on or prior to the
            Closing Date of the following conditions:

4.2.1       The approval of the Government of the transfer of the Shares, the
            approval of Government to: (i) the transfer of the shares of Barnex	

                                                                         Page 12

            Ghana and Barnex Prestea, and (ii) the change of
            controller-shareholder of Barnex Prestea, the approval of the South
            African Reserve Bank and the approval of the shareholders of the
            Seller), required to implement the transactions contemplated in this
            Agreement shall have been obtained.

4.2.2       The Government, PGL and SGMC shall have provided a written waiver
            and release in terms of which each of them waives and releases any
            claims which they might otherwise have had against the Seller and
            the Barnex Companies (collectively "the Released Parties") in
            respect of the Main Agreement, the Mining Lease and the PDA, the
            activities of the Released Parties under those agreements or
            otherwise on or about the Lease Area.

4.2.3       The New Mining Lease shall have been granted.

4.2.4       The Purchaser shall have complied with the requirements of clause
            7.3.4 and Schedule 6 not later than the Closing Date.

4.3         The Parties shall use their commercially reasonable endeavours to
            procure the fulfilment of the conditions precedent as soon as
            reasonably possible after the Signature Date. Without detracting
            from the generality of the foregoing, (i) the Purchaser shall within
            10 (ten) Business Days of the Signature Date deliver an executed
            copy of this Agreement to the Government for its subsequent approval
            for the transfer of the Shares and the right pertaining	

                                                                         Page 13

            thereto to the Purchaser and thereafter the Purchaser shall continue
            to use its commercially reasonable efforts to obtain such approval
            prior to the Closing Date, (ii) the Purchaser shall have the primary
            responsibility for obtaining Government approval to: (A) the
            transfer of the shares of Barnex Ghana and Barnex Prestea; and (B)
            the change of controller-shareholder of Barnex Prestea and the issue
            of the New Mining Lease, (iii) the Seller shall have the primary
            responsibility for obtaining the other approvals specified in clause
            4.2.1 and shall have the primary responsibility for obtaining the
            waiver and release specified in clauses 4.1.8 and 4.2.2, and (iv)
            the Seller shall be responsible for doing whatever is required so
            that it will comply, not later than the Closing Date, with the
            requirements of clause 7.3 and Schedule 6.

5.          DUE DILIGENCE

            The Purchaser acknowledges that prior to the date of this Agreement
            the Seller and Barnex Prestea provided access to the Purchaser and
            its representatives to their respective facilities, books and
            records and to their employees for purposes of enabling the
            Purchaser to conduct a due diligence investigation of the assets,
            properties, business and operations of the Barnex Companies. It is
            recorded that the Purchaser did not have full access to the Lease
            Area. The due diligence conducted by the Purchaser pursuant to such
            access shall in no way derogate from the efficacy and scope of the
            Seller's representations and warranties contained in this Agreement.	

                                                                         Page 14

6.          SALE

6.1         In one indivisible transaction, the Seller hereby sells to the
            Purchaser with full title guarantee and, notwithstanding any
            limitation otherwise implied by the Law of Property (Miscellaneous
            Provisions) Act 1994, free from any lien or encumbrance and the
            Purchaser hereby purchases the Shares and the Seller's Claim, for
            the Purchase Price with effect from the Closing Date.

6.2         The benefit in and risk relating to the Shares, the Barnex Companies
            and the Seller's Claim shall pass to the Purchaser as of the close
            of business on the Closing Date.

6.3         As soon as possible after the Closing Date, but in any event by not
            later than 30 days after the Closing Date, the Purchaser shall
            procure that the names of Barnex (IOM) and the Barnex Companies be
            changed to names that do not contain the name "Barnex" or any words
            that are similar thereto or which may be confused therewith.

7.          PURCHASE PRICE AND PAYMENT

7.1         The Purchase Price payable by the Purchaser to the Seller for the
            Shares and the Seller's Claim shall be as set forth in this clause
            7. The Purchase Price shall be allocated as follows:

7.1.1       to the Shares, the Purchaser Shares and Warrants received as
            described in 7.2.1; and	

                                                                         Page 15

7.1.2       to the Seller's Claim, the royalty as described in 7.2.2.

7.2         The Purchase Price shall be payable as follows:

7.2.1       the Purchaser shall allot and issue to the Seller, free of any
            deductions or charges, 3,333,333 (three million three hundred and
            thirty-three thousand three hundred and thirty-three) common shares
            in the Purchaser (valued at $2,000,000 at a deemed price of $0.60
            per common share) and warrants to acquire an additional 1,333,333
            (one million three hundred and thirty three thousand three hundred
            and thirty three) common shares in the Purchaser. Each warrant will
            entitle the holder to subscribe for one common share of the
            Purchaser for a period of three years from the Closing Date at an
            exercise price of $0.70.

7.2.2       a gold royalty on the first 1,000,000 (one million) ounces of gold
            produced from the Lease Area (to a depth of 200 metres) and the
            Bogoso Property by BGL, or any subsidiary or associated companies
            thereof from the Closing Date as reported by the Purchaser in
            writing to the Seller no later than 10 (ten) Business Days after the
            end of each quarter provided that no later than 60 (sixty) days
            after the end of each financial year of the Purchaser, the Purchaser
            shall provide to the Seller a certificate from its auditors
            confirming the amount of gold so produced during that financial year
            and the quarterly statements shall, if necessary, be adjusted
            accordingly and any adjusting payment shall be made by the Purchaser
            to the Seller or refunded by the Seller to the	

                                                                         Page 16

            Purchaser within 10 (ten) Business Days of receipt of such auditor's
            certificate. The royalty shall be payable quarterly in arrears 10
            (ten) Business Days after the end of each quarter free of any
            deductions or charges by telegraphic transfer to a bank account
            nominated by the Seller in writing by the 2nd day following the end
            of the quarter for which the gold royalty is due. If the production
            report in respect of any quarter ("the current quarter") indicates
            that the production in respect of the quarter preceding the current
            quarter ("the preceding quarter") is greater or less than the
            production reported in respect of the preceding quarter and on which
            the royalty in respect of the preceding quarter was paid, then the
            royalty in respect of the current quarter shall be adjusted
            accordingly to take account of the discrepancy in respect of the
            preceding quarter. The Seller may change the nominated bank account
            by notifying the Purchaser at least 8 (eight) Business Days before
            the end of a quarter in which a gold royalty payment is due. The
            gold royalty will be calculated as follows:

            if the quarterly average London PM fix is below $260 per ounce of
            gold, $6 per ounce for the Purchaser's quarterly gold production;

            if the quarterly average London PM fix is below $270 per ounce of
            gold, but $260 or more per ounce of gold, $7.20 per ounce for the
            Purchaser's quarterly gold production;	

                                                                         Page 17

            if the quarterly average London PM fix is below $280 per ounce of
            gold, but $270 or more per ounce of gold, $8.40 per ounce for the
            Purchaser's quarterly gold production;

            if the quarterly average London PM fix is below $290 per ounce of
            gold, but $280 or more per ounce of gold, $9.60 per ounce for the
            Purchaser's quarterly gold production;

            if the quarterly average London PM fix is below $300 per ounce of
            gold, but $290 or more per ounce of gold, $10.80 per ounce for the
            Purchaser's quarterly gold production;

            if the quarterly average London PM fix is below $310 per ounce of
            gold, but $300 or more per ounce of gold, $12.00 per ounce for the
            Purchaser's quarterly gold production;

            if the quarterly average London PM fix is below $320 per ounce of
            gold, but $310 or more per ounce of gold, $13.20 per ounce for the
            Purchaser's quarterly gold production;

            if the quarterly average London PM fix is below $330 per ounce of
            gold, but $320 or more per ounce of gold, $14.40 per ounce for the
            Purchaser's quarterly gold production;	

                                                                         Page 18

            if the quarterly average London PM fix is below $340 per ounce of
            gold, but $330 or more per ounce of gold, $15.60 per ounce for the
            Purchaser's quarterly gold production;

            if the quarterly average London PM fix is $340 or more per ounce of
            gold, $16.80 per ounce for the Purchaser's quarterly gold
            production.

7.3         The royalty set out in clause 7.2.2 is subject to the following
            further terms and conditions:

7.3.1       Subject to the abandonments contemplated in clause 8.6, it is
            contemplated that the Government shall grant the New Mining Lease to
            BGL or a permitted affiliate to enable mining activities to take
            place which will in turn give rise to the gold production referred
            to in clause 7.2.2. Accordingly, if BGL or any subsidiary,
            associated or related company which may hold the right to mine
            should voluntarily dispose of the New Mining Lease, or if there is a
            change in control of BGL or such affiliate, then the balance of the
            royalty set out in clause 7.2.2 shall forthwith become due and
            payable by the Purchaser on the basis that so many of the 1,000,000
            (one million) ounces of gold in respect of which a royalty has not
            yet been paid shall be deemed to have been produced at the gold
            price ruling (as determined in terms of clause 7.2.2) as at the date
            of such disposal or change of control and shall be due and payable
            without further demand by the Seller within 30 days of such
            voluntary	

                                                                         Page 19

            disposal or change in control; provided that the Seller may in its
            sole discretion permit a disposal or change in control of BGL or
            such affiliate as contemplated in this clause 7.3.1 on such terms
            and conditions as the Seller may determine, including but not
            limited to an undertaking by an acquirer of the interests being
            disposed of to be bound by the provisions of this Agreement as far
            as they relate to the payment of the royalty;

7.3.2       If the New Mining Lease is revoked, abrogated, nationalised,
            expropriated or otherwise compulsorily acquired by the Government or
            any other entity, then the Purchaser shall pay to the Seller an
            amount equal to the lesser of: (i) 50% (fifty per cent) of any
            compensation (net of any costs incurred in connection with the
            obtaining and collection of such compensation) received in respect
            of such expropriation, nationalisation or acquisition and; (ii) the
            balance of the royalty (calculated on the basis set out in clause
            7.3.1), provided that if compensation is paid other than in the form
            of cash then the Purchaser may pay to the Seller 50% (fifty per
            cent) of the compensation in the form in which it is received. Any
            amount due by the Purchaser to the Seller shall be paid without
            further demand by the Seller within 30 (thirty) days of receipt by
            the Purchaser of the compensation in question. The Purchaser shall
            procure that the amount payable in terms hereof as it applies to the
            royalty shall not be hypothecated or encumbered in any way and that
            no third party shall have any right of	

                                                                         Page 20

            preference or security in respect of such portion of the
            compensation as may be payable to the Seller pursuant to the
            provisions of this clause 7.3.2;

7.3.3       GSR shall, and shall procure that BGL shall, use its reasonable
            commercial endeavours to procure the grant of the New Mining Lease;

7.3.4       The Purchaser shall procure that:

            (a)   there shall be granted to the Seller security for the royalty
                  payable by the Purchaser to the Seller in terms of clause
                  7.2.2 which shall take the form of a first charge over a
                  portion of the gold revenue to be received by BGL and/or its
                  affiliate in the form described in Schedule 6 attached; and

            (b)   the required documentation creating such first charge and the
                  related arrangements complying with the requirements of
                  Schedule 6 shall be executed and delivered and completed to
                  the satisfaction of the Seller acting reasonably not later
                  than the Closing Date.

7.4         The Seller will pay to the Purchaser on the Closing Date, free of
            any deductions or charges, the amount by which the total net current
            liabilities and obligations of Barnex (IOM) and it subsidiaries,
            excluding related party debt and shareholder loans to be acquired by
            the Purchaser, exceed $100,000 (one hundred thousand) in the
            aggregate. This total does not include the	

                                                                         Page 21

            approximately $5,600,00 (five million and six hundred thousand) of
            outstanding and contingent liabilities described on Schedule 2A that
            will be waived by the Government, PGL and SGMC pursuant to clause
            4.2.2

7.5         The Seller shall be entitled to have access to the Lease Area:

7.5.1       from the Signature Date to date of receipt of the Government
            approval referred to in clause 4.1.8, for purposes of preparing its
            environmental management plan and matters related thereto only;

7.5.2       from date of receipt of the Government approval referred to in
            clause 4.1.8 for purposes of road maintenance and construction and
            for exploration and prospecting purposes only. Neither the Purchaser
            nor BGL shall be entitled to commence any mining operations on or
            under the Lease Area until after the Closing Date.

8.          CLOSING

8.1         On the Closing Date, against payment of the Purchase Price by the
            Purchaser in terms of clause 7.2, the Seller shall deliver to the
            Purchaser:

8.1.1       certificates representing all of the Shares, together with signed,
            currently dated transfer forms relating thereto in blank as to the
            transferee in proper form for transfer by delivery;

8.1.2       written cessions of the Seller's Claim in favour of the Purchaser;	

                                                                         Page 22

8.1.3       the written resignations of all of the directors, officers and
            employees of the Barnex Companies and Barnex (IOM) and executed
            releases of all claims against the Barnex Companies and Barnex (IOM)
            up to the time of Closing;

8.1.4       releases among Barnex Prestea and the Seller from all rights,
            liabilities and obligations under each of the Mining Lease, PDA and
            the Main Agreement.

8.2         a resolution signed by the board of directors of Barnex Prestea:

8.2.1       noting the cession of the Seller's Claim;

8.2.2       accepting the resignations of the directors resigning in terms of
            clause 8.1.3;

8.2.3       appointing, as directors and officers, the nominees selected by the
            Purchaser (which nominations shall be made in writing by the
            Purchaser no later than 3 (three) Business Days before the Closing);

8.3         a resolution signed by the board of directors of Barnex Ghana;

8.3.1       accepting the resignations of the directors resigning in terms of
            clause 8.1.3;	

                                                                         Page 23

8.3.2       appointing, as directors and officers, the nominees selected by the
            Purchaser (which nominations shall be made in writing by the
            Purchaser no later than 3 (three) Business Days before the Closing);

8.4         a resolution signed by the board of directors of Barnex (IOM):

8.4.1       approving the transfer of the Shares to the Purchaser;

8.4.2       accepting the resignations of the directors resigning in terms of
            clause 8.1.3;

8.4.3       appointing, as directors and officers, the nominees selected by the
            Purchaser (which nominations shall be made in writing by the
            Purchaser no later than 10 (ten) days before the Closing;

8.5         all books, documents and records of Barnex (IOM) and the Barnex
            Companies, including without limitation of the foregoing, all
            Technical Data. The Purchaser undertakes to allow the Seller
            reasonable access during Normal Business Hours to all the books,
            documents and records of the Barnex Companies and Barnex (IOM)
            contemplated in this clause 8.5 at the place of business of such
            companies, to the extent to which they relate to the period prior to
            the Closing Date, which shall include the making of copies at the
            sole expense of the Seller, of any such books, documents and
            records, for the purposes of enabling the Seller to meet any
            obligations it may have in law and of enabling it to protect or to
            enforce any rights that it may have. The Seller shall only be
            entitled to access as contemplated in this clause 8.5 to the extent	

                                                                         Page 24

            that it has a legitimate interest in having access to the
            information required, and the Seller shall advise the Purchaser of
            the reason it requires such access at least 3 (three) Business Days
            prior to seeking such access. The Seller shall reimburse the
            Purchaser for all costs and expenditure incurred by the Purchaser in
            connection with complying with its obligations under this clause.

8.6         On the Closing Date, against payment of the Purchase Price by the
            Purchaser to the Seller in terms of 7.2, the Seller and each other
            party who has rights under any of the Mining Lease, Main Agreement
            and PDA shall deliver to the Government a letter abandoning their
            rights in terms of the Mining Lease, the Main Agreement and the PDA
            and waiving any claims which they might otherwise have had against
            the Government arising out of the abrogation referred to in clause
            11.4.

9.          MUTUAL CO-OPERATION

            The Parties undertake to co-operate with one another in good faith
            and to use their commercially reasonable efforts to fulfil the
            conditions set out in clause 4 and give effect to the other
            provisions of this Agreement. Each of the Parties shall execute such
            documents and other papers and take such further actions, as may be
            reasonably required or desirable to carry out the provisions hereof
            and the transactions contemplated hereby.	

                                                                         Page 25

10.         CONFIDENTIALITY

10.1        None of the Parties shall issue any press release or any other
            public document or make any public statement, in each case relating
            to or connected with or arising out of the Transaction Documents or
            the matters contained therein (save for any such release,
            announcement or document which is required to be given, made or
            published by law or under the rules and regulations of any stock
            exchange) without obtaining the prior approval of the other Parties
            to the contents thereof and the manner of its presentation and
            publication; provided that such approval shall not to be
            unreasonably withheld or delayed.

10.2        In the case of a release, announcement or document which is required
            to be given, made or published by law or under the rules and
            regulations of any stock exchange, the Party liable so to give, make
            or publish the same shall give to the other Parties as much advance
            warning thereof as is reasonable in the circumstances together with
            drafts or a copy thereof as soon as it is at liberty so to do.

10.3        Every Party shall at all times keep confidential (and to ensure that
            its employees and agents shall keep confidential) any information
            which it has acquired or may acquire in relation to any of the other
            Parties or to any matter arising from or in connection with any of
            the Transaction Documents, save for any information:	

                                                                         Page 26

10.3.1      which is publicly available or becomes publicly available through no
            act or default of the first mentioned Party; or

10.3.2      which is disclosed to that Party by a third party which did not
            acquire the information under an obligation of confidentiality; or

10.3.3      which is independently acquired by that Party as a result of work
            carried out by a person to whom no disclosure of such information
            has been made,

            and shall not use or disclose such information except with the
            consent of the other Parties or in accordance with an order of court
            of competent jurisdiction or in order to comply with any law or
            governmental regulations by which the Party concerned is bound.

10.4        The provisions of this clause 10 shall survive any termination of
            this Agreement.

11.         WARRANTIES

11.1        In respect of the Barnex Companies, the Shares, the Seller's Claim
            and certain matters in connection therewith, the Seller gives the
            Purchaser the representations and warranties set out in Schedule 2
            hereto, subject to the limitations set out in clause 13.	

                                                                         Page 27

11.2        Save as set out in Schedule 2, the Seller gives and makes no
            warranties or representations, whether express or implied, written
            or oral, in connection with the Barnex Companies, the Shares, or the
            Seller's Claim.

11.3        All of the representations and warranties of the Seller contained in
            this Agreement shall survive the execution and delivery hereof and
            the Closing hereunder, and shall thereafter terminate and expire on
            the first anniversary date of the Closing Date

11.4        It is recorded that in terms of a letter dated 25 October 2000 the
            Ghanaian Government purported to abrogate the Mining Lease, the PDA
            and the Main Agreement, which purported abrogation the Seller has
            disputed. A copy of the letter is attached marked Schedule 3. All of
            the Parties acknowledge that they are aware of that letter and of
            the purported abrogation of the Seller's rights under the Mining
            Lease and the purported grant of a further mining lease to PGR and
            of the circumstances which have pertained in relation to the Lease
            Area and the right of Barnex as a result thereof. All
            representations, warranties and indemnities contained in this
            Agreement are qualified accordingly and no Party shall have any
            claim arising directly or indirectly out of the circumstances
            disclosed in terms of this clause 11.4.	

                                                                         Page 28

12.         INDEMNIFICATION

12.1        OBLIGATION OF THE SELLER TO INDEMNIFY

            Subject only to the limitations contained in clauses 11.4, 12 and
            13, the Seller agrees to indemnify, defend and hold harmless the
            Purchaser (and its officers, directors, partners, employees,
            affiliates, successors and assigns) from and against all losses,
            liabilities including, without limitation, liabilities arising under
            principles of strict or joint and several liability, damages
            (including, without limitation, such amounts as constitute punitive
            damages and loss of profit), deficiencies, demands, claims
            (including, without limitation, demands, allegations, orders or
            other actions by governmental agencies, landlords, adjoining
            property owners or other third parties), actions, judgments or
            causes of action, assessments, costs, all amounts paid in
            investigation, defence or settlement of the foregoing, and or
            expenses (including, without limitation, interest, penalties and
            attorneys' fees, expenses and disbursements) or other third party
            claims, after taking into account any tax effect of receipt of
            indemnity under this Section ("Losses") based upon, arising out of,
            or otherwise in respect of any inaccuracy in, or any breach of, any
            representation, warranty, covenant or agreement of the Seller
            contained in this Agreement or in any document or other papers
            delivered by or on behalf of any of them pursuant to this Agreement.	

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12.2        OBLIGATION OF THE PURCHASER TO INDEMNIFY

            Subject only to the limitations contained in clauses 11.4 and 13,
            the Purchaser agrees to indemnify, defend and hold harmless the
            Seller and its officers, directors, partners, employees, affiliates,
            successors and assigns from and against any Losses, based upon,
            arising out of, or otherwise in respect of any inaccuracy in, or any
            breach of, any representation, warranty, covenant or agreement of
            the Purchaser contained in this Agreement or in any document or
            other papers respectively delivered by or on behalf of the Purchaser
            pursuant to this Agreement.

12.3        NOTICE OF ASSERTED LIABILITY

            Except as otherwise provided in this Section, promptly after receipt
            by any party hereto (the "Indemnitee") of written notice of any
            demand, claim or circumstances which, with the lapse of time, would
            give rise to a claim or the commencement (or threatened
            commencement) of any action, proceeding or investigation (an
            "Asserted Liability") by a party other than a party to this
            Agreement that may result in a Loss (a "Third Party Claim"), the
            Indemnitee shall forthwith give written notice thereof (the "Claim's
            Notice") to the party obligated to provide indemnification hereunder
            (the "Indemnifying Party"). The Claim's Notice shall describe the
            Asserted Liability with respect to such Third Party Claim in
            reasonable detail, and shall indicate the amount (estimated, if
            necessary) of the Loss that has been or may be suffered by the
            Indemnitee with respect to such Third Party Claim. Any defect or
            delay in	

                                                                         Page 30

            delivery of any Claim's Notice shall not in any way limit the
            delivering party's right to indemnification, except to the extent
            that such omission resulted in the forfeiture by the Indemnifying
            Party of any substantive rights or defences.

12.4        OPPORTUNITY TO CONTEST

            The Indemnifying Party may elect to compromise or contest, at its
            own expense and by its own counsel, any Third Party Claim. If the
            Indemnifying Party elects to compromise or contest such Third Party
            Claim, it shall within 30 days (or sooner, if the nature of the
            Asserted Liability so requires) notify the Indemnitee of its intent
            to do so, and the Indemnitee shall cooperate, at the expense of the
            Indemnifying Party, in the compromise or contest of such Third Party
            Claim. If the Indemnifying Party elects not to compromise or contest
            the Third Party Claim, fails to notify the Indemnitee of its
            election as herein provided or contests its obligation to indemnify
            under this Agreement, the Indemnitee may pay, compromise or contest
            such Third Party Claim. Notwithstanding the foregoing, neither the
            Indemnifying Party nor the Indemnitee may settle or compromise any
            claim over the objection of the other, provided, however, that
            consent to settlement or compromise shall not be unreasonably
            withheld. In any event, the Indemnitee and the Indemnifying Party
            may participate, at their own expense, in the contest of such Third
            Party Claim. If the Indemnifying Party chooses to contest a Third
            Party Claim, the Indemnitee shall make available to the Indemnifying
            Party any books, records or other documents within its control that
            are necessary or appropriate for,	

                                                                         Page 31

            shall make its officers and employees available in connection with,
            and shall otherwise cooperate, with the Indemnifying Party.

12.5        Any claim on account of any Asserted Liability which does not result
            from a Third Party Claim shall be asserted by a Claim's Notice given
            by the party claiming indemnity to the party from whom indemnity is
            claimed. The recipient of such Claim's Notice shall have a period of
            30 days within which to respond thereto. If such recipient does not
            respond within such 30 days' period, the party claiming indemnity
            shall be free to pursue such remedies as may be available to such
            party by applicable law.

12.6        REIMBURSEMENT OF EXPENSES

            In connection with its obligations to indemnify under this clause
            12, the Indemnifying Party shall reimburse the Indemnitee for all
            expenses (including, without limitation, reasonable fees and
            disbursement of counsel) as they are incurred by such Indemnitee;
            provided, however, that the Indemnitee shall not be reimbursed
            hereunder for any expenses if it is judicially determined that the
            Losses in question resulted from the wilful misconduct, fraud, bad
            faith or gross negligence of the Indemnitee.

13.         LIMITATIONS ON WARRANTIES AND INDEMNITIES

            The Purchaser and the Seller acknowledge and agree that any claims
            that they may wish to bring in connection with any Losses shall be
            subject to the following limitations:	

                                                                         Page 32

13.1        in the case of the Purchaser, the right to any such claim shall
            prescribe 12 (twelve) months after the Closing, unless the Purchaser
            shall, prior to then, have instituted legal action against the
            Seller or, in the case of a claim in terms of clause 11, by the
            service of legal process on the Seller in order to enforce that
            claim;

13.2        in the case of the Seller, any such claim shall prescribe 12
            (twelve) months after the Closing (except in the case of any
            disputes relating to any gold royalty payment payable under this
            Agreement), unless the Seller shall prior to then, have instituted
            legal action against the Purchaser by the service of legal process
            on the Purchaser in order to enforce that claim;

13.3        neither the Purchaser nor the Seller shall have any claim against
            the other arising from or in connection with any Losses until such
            time as the value, in aggregate, of the claims exceeds $150,000 (one
            hundred and fifty thousand) (provided that where the same facts may
            give rise to a warranty claim or an indemnity claim, the quantum of
            any such claim shall not be reckoned twice in determining the
            aggregate value of any claims) and provided, further, that no party
            shall have any claim in respect of any individual claim in an amount
            of less than $5,000 (five thousand) and provided further that the
            limitations set out herein shall not apply in respect of any claim
            by the Seller, or any successor or assignee of the Seller, in
            respect of any claim for royalty as set out in clause 7.3;	

                                                                         Page 33

13.4        the aggregate liability of the Purchaser and the Seller for Losses
            shall be limited as follows:

13.4.1      the amount recoverable with respect to any claim shall not exceed
            the Purchase Price as at the date of the claim (the "Claim Date")
            less any amounts previously paid or payable by the Purchaser or the
            Seller, as the case may be, in respect of Losses;

13.4.2      for this purpose, "Purchase Price" shall be the aggregate of (i) the
            market price at the Claim Date of the common shares issued to the
            Seller in terms of clause 7.2.1 and (ii) all royalty payments made
            as of the Claim Date under clause 7.3.

13.5        Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the Purchaser
            shall be entitled to set-off against any Losses in respect of which
            it has obtained a judgment which is not being contested in good
            faith by the Seller of any amount otherwise payable pursuant to
            clause 7.2.2 or 7.3.

14.         TERMINATION

14.1        Termination Events

            This Agreement may, by notice given prior to or at the Closing, be
            terminated:	

                                                                         Page 34	

(a) by either the Purchaser or the Seller if a material breach of any provision of this Agreement has been committed by the other party and such breach has not been waived or has not been remedied within a period of 30 (thirty) days after the date of service of the notice referred to in this clause 14.1;
(b) (i) by the Purchaser if any of the conditions in clause 4 has not been satisfied as of the Closing Date or if satisfaction of such condition is or becomes impossible (other than through the failure of the Purchaser to comply with its obligations under this Agreement) and the Purchaser has not waived such condition on or before the Closing Date; or (ii) by the Seller, if any of the conditions in clause 4 has not been satisfied as of the Closing Date or if satisfaction of such a condition is or becomes impossible (other than through the failure of the Seller to comply with its obligations under this Agreement) and the Seller has not waived such condition on or before the Closing Date;
(c) By mutual consent of the Parties; or
(d) By either the Purchaser or the Seller if the Closing has not occurred (other than through the failure of any party seeking to terminate this Agreement to comply fully with its obligations under this Agreement) on or before 30 August 2001, or such later date as the parties may agree upon in writing.

Page 35

14.2        EFFECT OF TERMINATION

            Each party's right of termination under clause 14.1 is in addition
            to any other rights it may have under this Agreement or otherwise,
            and the exercise of a right of termination will not be an election
            of remedies. If this Agreement is terminated pursuant to clause
            14.1, all further obligations of the parties under this Agreement
            will terminate, except the obligations in clauses 10 and 22 will
            survive; provided, however that if this Agreement is terminated by a
            Party because of the breach of the Agreement by the other Party or
            because one or more of the conditions to the terminating party's
            obligations under this Agreement is not satisfied as a result of the
            other party's failure to comply with its obligations under this
            Agreement, the terminating party's right to pursue all remedies (at
            law and in equity) will survive such termination unimpaired.

15.         COVENANTS AND AGREEMENTS

15.1        CONDUCT OF BUSINESS

            It is recorded that the Barnex Companies and Barnex (IOM) are not
            and will not be conducting any mining business prior to the Closing
            Date and subject to that qualification, from the Signature Date
            through the Closing Date, the Seller shall cause the Barnex
            Companies and Barnex (IOM) to conduct their affairs in the ordinary
            course and, without the prior written consent of the Purchaser
            following reasonable notice, not to undertake any of the actions	

                                                                         Page 36

            changing the shares in issue, payment of any dividends or
            distributions, or increase the financial indebtedness by raising new
            external financing, or take any action against PGR save to the
            extent that such action is require to preserve the rights or assets
            of the Seller or the Barnex Companies.

15.2        INSURANCE

            From the Signature Date through the Closing Date, the Seller shall
            cause the Barnex Companies to maintain in force and effect
            (including necessary renewals thereof) any insurance policy in place
            as of the Signature Date, except to the extent that any insurer has
            notified the Barnex Companies that any such insurance policy will no
            longer be available as a result of the Closing of the transactions
            contemplated herein and such insurance policy may be replaced with
            equivalent policies appropriate to insure the respective assets,
            properties and businesses of the Barnex Companies to the same extent
            as currently insured. The Seller shall cause the Barnex Companies to
            give reasonable prior notice to the Purchaser of any cancellation or
            expiration of any insurance policy and to consult with the Purchaser
            as to any replacement policy.

15.3        ACTIONS AND PROCEEDINGS

            From the Signature Date through the Closing Date, the Seller shall,
            and shall cause the Barnex Companies and Barnex (IOM) to, promptly
            notify the Purchaser, but in any event within 3 (three) Business
            Days (but not later than	

                                                                         Page 37

            the Business Day immediately preceding the Closing Date) after it
            has knowledge of any actions or proceedings relating to the Mining
            Lease, Lease Area PDA, Main Agreement or the Shares, Barnex (IOM),
            the Barnex Companies or the Seller's Claim that from the Signature
            Date are threatened or commenced against any of them or against any
            of their respective affiliates, officers, directors, employees,
            consultants, agents, shareholders or other representatives.

15.4        CONTINUED EFFECTIVENESS OF REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES

            From the Signature Date through the Closing Date, the Seller shall
            use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Barnex
            Companies and Barnex (IOM) to conduct their business in such a
            manner so that the representations and warranties contained in
            Schedule 2 shall continue to be true and correct on and as of the
            Closing Date as if made on and as of the Closing Date, and the
            Purchaser shall promptly be given notice of any event, condition or
            circumstance occurring or arising from the Signature Date through
            the Closing Date that would constitute a violation or breach of this
            Agreement or would cause any of the representations and warranties
            made hereunder by any of them to be untrue.

15.5        FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

            Prior to the Closing Date, the Seller shall cause the Barnex
            Companies and Barnex (IOM) to deliver to the Purchaser on a monthly
            basis as they become	

                                                                         Page 38

            available, the unaudited consolidated balance sheets of the Barnex
            Companies and Barnex (IOM) and the related unaudited consolidated
            statements of income and, if ordinarily prepared, stockholder's
            equity and changes in financial position for each such month
            commencing on 31 May 2001 and thereafter monthly in arrear (the
            "Interim Financials"). Except as set forth in Schedule 2, the
            Interim Financials shall fairly present the consolidated financial
            positions of the Barnex Companies and Barnex (IOM) at their
            respective dates and consolidated results of operations and changes
            in financial position for the period then ended of the Barnex
            Companies and Barnex (IOM) in accordance with the same generally
            accepted accounting principles applied consistently with the
            preparation of the 2000 Financial Statements.

15.6        CLAIMS

            Up to and including the Closing Date, save for the Seller's Claim,
            the Barnex Companies and Barnex (IOM) shall not have any liabilities
            or obligations to the Seller or any of its respective subsidiaries
            (including, without limitation, on account of shareholder loans and
            inter-company debt), directors, officers or shareholders.

15.7        SHAREHOLDER APPROVAL

            The Seller agrees that this Agreement shall be submitted for
            approval by the shareholders of the Seller, and hereby agrees to
            recommend to such	

                                                                         Page 39

            shareholders that this Agreement be approved pursuant to applicable
            law. The Seller shall, and shall cause any person over which it
            exercises control, to vote all the shares they beneficially own in
            any company the approval of the shareholders of which is required
            under this Section. As soon as practicable after the Signature Date
            (but not later than 30 days thereafter), the Seller shall, where
            necessary, prepare and file with the appropriate governmental agency
            or regulatory body, preliminary copies of the information statement
            and other filings relating to the approvals required from its
            shareholders. All expenses of preparing, printing, filing and
            mailing the information statement shall be expenses of the Seller
            and shall not be charged, directly or indirectly, to the Barnex
            Companies, Barnex (IOM) or the Purchaser.

15.8        ACQUISITION PROPOSAL

            The Seller will not, nor will it permit any of its subsidiaries or
            any officer, director, employee or any investment banker, attorney,
            accountant or other agent, directly or indirectly retained by it to,
            initiate or solicit, directly or indirectly, inquiries or the making
            of any proposal with respect to, or engage in negotiations
            concerning, provide any confidential information or data to, or have
            any discussions with, any person relating, directly or indirectly,
            to (i) any acquisition, business combination or purchase of all or
            any significant portion of the assets of, or any equity interest in,
            the Barnex Companies and Barnex (IOM) or (ii) any grant of any
            interest (be it in the form of a joint venture interest, option
            right or any other form whatsoever) in the Mining Lease or the Lease
            Area, or otherwise facilitate any effort or attempt to do or	

                                                                         Page 40	

seek any of the foregoing. The Seller shall notify the Purchaser immediately if any such inquiries or proposals are received by, any such information is requested from, or any such negotiations or discussions are sought to be initiated or continued with, any of them.
16. ADDRESSES
16.1 Each Party chooses the address set out opposite its name below as its address at which all notices, legal processes and other communications must be delivered for the purposes of this Agreement:

16.1.1      THE SELLER:           3rd Floor
                                  28 Harrison Street
                                  Johannesburg, 2001
                                  Republic of South Africa
                                  Telefax: +27 11 834 5064
                                  Attention: Managing Director

16.1.2      THE PURCHASER:        Suite 103
                                  10579 Bradford Road
                                  Littleton
                                  Colorado 80127
                                  United States of America
                                  Telefax: +1303 830 9094
                                  Attention: President and CEO

16.2        Any notice or communication required or permitted to be given in
            terms of this Agreement shall be valid and effective only if in
            writing.

16.3        Any Party may by written notice to the other Parties change its
            chosen address and/or telefax number to another physical address
            and/or telefax number,	

                                                                         Page 41

            provided that the change shall become effective on the fourteenth
            day after the receipt of the notice by the addressee.

16.4        Any notice to a Party contained in a correctly addressed envelope;
            and

16.4.1      sent by prepaid registered post to it at its chosen address; or

16.4.2      delivered by hand to a responsible person during ordinary business
            hours at its chosen address;

            shall be deemed to have been received in the case of clause 16.4.1
            on the tenth Business Day after posting (unless the contrary is
            proved) and, in the case of documents delivered by hand shall be
            deemed to be received on the date of actual delivery.

16.5        Any notice by telefax to a Party at its telefax number shall be
            deemed, unless the contrary is proved, to have been received on the
            first Business Day after the date of transmission.

16.6        Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this clause
            16, a written notice or communication actually received by a Party
            shall be an adequate written notice or communication to it
            notwithstanding that it was not sent to or delivered at its chosen
            address or telefax number.	

                                                                         Page 42

17.         GOVERNING LAW AND JURISDICTION

17.1        The provisions of this Agreement shall be governed by and construed
            in accordance with the laws of England.

17.2        The Parties consent and submit to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of
            any court in England (and of the appropriate appellate court),
            competent to hear and to determine any matter arising from or in
            connection with this Agreement and waive in advance any objection to
            venue laid therein.

17.3        The Seller hereby:

17.3.1      irrevocably designates, appoints and empowers JCI London Limited
            (Attention: Mr Phil Dexter) of 6 St James Place, London SW1A 1NP,
            England, telephone number (207) 491-1889 and telefax number (207)
            491-1989 (or such other person as is satisfactory to the Purchaser
            from time to time) to the fullest extent allowed by law to receive
            for and on its behalf service of process in such jurisdiction in any
            legal action or proceedings with respect to this Agreement until
            this Agreement ceases to be effective and binding on the parties;

17.3.2      agrees that it shall take all action, including the execution and
            filing of any and all documents which may be necessary, to continue
            the designation and appointment referred to in clause 17.3.1 in full
            force and effect and to cause such agent to continue to act as its
            agent;	

                                                                         Page 43

17.3.3      agrees to notify the Purchaser as soon as possible of any change in
            the address of any such agent for the service of process from that
            set out above and each subsequent change of address of such agent
            for service of process;

17.3.4      irrevocably consents to the service of process in any such action or
            proceeding by serving a copy thereof upon the relevant agent for
            service of process referred to above, provided that nothing herein
            shall affect the right to serve process in any other manner
            permitted by law.

17.4        The Purchaser hereby:

17.4.1      irrevocably designates, appoints and empowers Fasken Mariuneau
            DuMoulin LLP of 10 Arthur Street, Fifth Floor, London EC4R 9AY,
            England (or such other person as is satisfactory to the Seller from
            time to time) to the fullest extent allowed by law to receive for
            and on its behalf service of process in such jurisdiction in any
            legal action or proceedings with respect to this Agreement until
            this Agreement ceases to be effective and binding on the parties;

17.4.2      agrees that it shall take all action, including the execution and
            filing of any and all documents which may be necessary, to continue
            the designation and appointment referred to in clause 17.4.1 in full
            force and effect and to cause such agent to continue to act as its
            agent;	

                                                                         Page 44

17.4.3      agrees to notify the Purchaser as soon as possible of any change in
            the address of any such agent for the service of process from that
            set out above and each subsequent change of address of such agent
            for service of process;

17.4.4      irrevocably consents to the service of process in any such action or
            proceeding by serving a copy thereof upon the relevant agent for
            service of process referred to above, provided that nothing herein
            shall affect the right to serve process in any other manner
            permitted by law.

18.         SEVERABILITY

            It is agreed that every clause of this Agreement is severable, the
            one from the other, and if any clause is found to be defective or
            unenforceable for any reason by any competent court, then the
            remaining clauses shall be of full force and effect and continue to
            be of full force and effect.

19.         COUNTERPARTS

            This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts and by
            the different parties hereto on separate counterparts, each of which
            when so executed and delivered shall be an original, but all such
            counterparts together shall constitute one and the same instrument.	

                                                                         Page 45

20.         FORCE MAJEURE

20.1        The obligations of the Purchaser and the Seller under this Agreement
            shall be suspended to the extent and for the period that performance
            by either of them is prevented by any condition of Force Majeure.
            The party wishing to declare Force Majeure shall, within 20 Business
            Days from the occurrence of the event giving due rise to the
            condition of Force Majeure, give notice to the other party of any
            such suspension of performance, stating therein the nature of the
            suspension, the reasons therefor, and the expected duration thereof.
            The party wishing to declare Force Majeure shall use reasonable
            efforts to overcome the event of Force Majeure and resume
            performance as soon as reasonably possible; provided, however, that
            such obligation shall not be construed as requiring such party to
            incur unreasonable costs or expenses, to contest the validity of any
            governmental administrative ruling or action by way of judicial
            review or other legal action, or to settle any labour dispute. When
            any performance or obligation is suspended by an event of Force
            Majeure, any deadline or time limit for performance shall be
            extended after the event of Force Majeure is overcome by a time
            period equal to the number of days performance was suspended or
            delayed as a result of the event of Force Majeure. Upon the
            cessation of the event or events giving rise to the condition of
            Force Majeure, the party who has declared Force Majeure shall
            promptly give the other party notice of the termination of the event
            of Force Majeure.	

                                                                         Page 46

20.2        Notwithstanding the provisions of clause 20.1, the Purchaser shall
            not be entitled to suspend or withhold payment of the royalty set
            out in clause 7.2 as a result of any event of Force Majeure to the
            extent that the Purchaser is in receipt of insurance payments which
            compensate it for any loss of gold production or gold sales revenue.

21.         GENERAL

21.1        This document contains the entire agreement between the Parties in
            regard to the subject matter thereof and all other documents entered
            into by the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof shall
            be terminated and no further force and effect as of the Signature
            Date.

21.2        No Party shall have any claim or right of action arising from any
            undertaking, representation or warranty not included in this
            document.

21.3        No failure by a Party to enforce any provision of this Agreement
            shall constitute a waiver of such provision or affect in any way a
            Party's right to require the performance of such provision at any
            time in the future, nor shall a waiver of a subsequent breach
            nullify the effectiveness of the provision itself.

21.4        No agreement to vary, add to or cancel this Agreement shall be of
            any force and effect unless reduced to writing and signed by or on
            behalf of the Parties to this Agreement.	

                                                                         Page 47

21.5        Any Party shall, on not less than 30 days' prior written notice to
            the other Parties, be entitled to cede any of its rights or assign
            any of its obligations in terms of the provisions of this Agreement,
            provided that the Party assigning any obligations in terms of the
            provisions of this Agreement shall remain jointly and severally
            liable to the other Parties, with the assignee, for the due and
            proper performance by the assignee of any obligation so assigned.

22.         COSTS

            The Parties shall bear their own costs of and incidental to the
            negotiation, preparation and execution of this Agreement and the
            completion of the transactions contemplated hereby. All stamp duty
            payable in respect of the transfer of the Shares shall be borne by
            the Purchaser.	

THUS DONE and SIGNED at Denver. Colorado, USA on this the 21st day of June, 2001, in the presence of the undersigned witnesses.

AS WITNESS:                             For and on behalf of
                                        GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.

___________                             ________________________________________
                                        Name:     Peter Bradford
                                        Capacity: President
                                        Who warrants his authority hereto	

                                                                         Page 48	

THUS DONE and SIGNED at Johannesburg on this the 21st day of June, 2001, in the presence of the undersigned witnesses.

AS WITNESS:                             For and on behalf of
                                        BARNATO EXPLORATION LIMITED

___________                             ________________________________________
                                        Name:
                                        Capacity:
                                        Who warrants his authority hereto	

                                                                         Page 49

                                                                      SCHEDULE 1

                    AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF BARNEX (IOM), BARNEX PRESTEA
                                                     AND BARNEX GHANA AS AT 31
                                                           DECEMBER 2000	

The Purchaser acknowledges to the Seller that the Seller has delivered to it copies of the Barnex (IOM) Accounts, Barnex Ghana Accounts and the Barnex Prestea Accounts and the parties hereby agree that such accounts in the form so delivered shall be deemed to have been included as Schedule 1.

Page 50
SCHEDULE 2
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES IN RESPECT OF BARNEX (IOM) AND THE BARNEX COMPANIES (COLLECTIVELY THE "BARNEX GROUP")
As an inducement to enter into this Agreement, the Seller represents and warrants to the Purchaser that, save as set out in the Agreement to which this schedule is annexed as Schedule 2 or as set out in Schedule 2A, as at the Signature Date and the Closing Date (unless otherwise stated or required by the context) and during the period between those dates:
1. Title to the Shares
The Seller owns beneficially and of record, free and clear of any lien or other encumbrance, 47 ordinary shares of the capital stock of Barnex (IOM), representing 100% of the issued and outstanding shares of the capital stock of Barnex (IOM). Upon the delivery of and payment for the Shares at the Closing as herein provided, the Purchaser will acquire good and valid title to the Shares, free and clear of any lien or other encumbrance.
Barnex (IOM) owns beneficially and of record, free and clear of any lien or other encumbrance, 100 Class A ordinary shares of the capital stock of Barnex Prestea, representing 100% of the issued and outstanding Class A ordinary shares of the capital stock of Barnex Prestea. The Government owns beneficially and of record, free and clear of any lien or other encumbrance, 11 Class B ordinary shares of the capital stock of Barnex Prestea, representing 100% of all of the issued and outstanding Class B ordinary shares of the capital stock of Barnex Prestea. No

Page 51
other party holds any shares in the capital stock of Barnex Prestea. At the Closing as herein provided, Barnex (IOM) will hold good and valid title to the 100 Class A ordinary shares of the capital stock of Barnex Prestea, free and clear of any lien or other encumbrance.
Barnex (IOM) owns beneficially and of record, free and clear of any lien or other encumbrance, 100 Class A ordinary shares of the capital stock of Barnex Ghana, representing 100% of the issued and outstanding shares of the capital stock of Barnex Ghana. At the Closing as herein provided, Barnex (IOM) will hold good and valid title to the 100 Class A ordinary shares of the capital stock of Barnex Ghana, free and clear of any lien or other encumbrance.
2. Authority to Execute and Perform Agreements
The Seller has the full corporate right and power and all corporate authority and approval required to enter into, execute and deliver this Agreement and any other document or agreement executed in connection herewith and to perform fully its obligations hereunder and this Agreement, upon execution and delivery by the Seller (and assuming due execution and delivery hereof by the Purchaser) will be a valid and binding obligation of the Seller enforceable against the Seller in accordance with its terms. The execution, delivery and performance by the Seller of this Agreement has been duly authorised by its board of directors and, where required by applicable law, by its shareholders. The lack of the authorization of the shareholders of the Seller shall not constitute a breach of this Schedule 2 if such authorisation is obtained prior to the Closing Date. The Seller is not a party to any

Page 52
agreement respecting the shares of capital stock of any member of the Barnex Group
3. Due Incorporation and Qualification
Each member of the Barnex Group is a corporation duly organized and validly existing under the laws of its place of incorporation. Each member of the Barnex Group has all requisite power and authority (corporate and other) to own, lease and operate its assets and properties and to carry on its businesses as now being and, in all material respects, as heretofore conducted. The Barnex Companies are qualified to do business in the jurisdiction of the Republic of Ghana. Each member of the Barnex Group is qualified to do business as corporations in each jurisdiction where the nature of the properties owned or leased by it or the nature of its businesses requires qualification, except where the failure to so qualify would not have a material adverse impact upon its businesses, assets or properties taken as a whole.
4. Outstanding Capital Stock
Barnex Prestea has an authorised capital of 9,000,000 Class A ordinary shares and there are 100 Class A ordinary shares issued and outstanding. Barnex Prestea has an authorised capital of 1,000,000 Class B ordinary shares and there are 11 Class B ordinary shares are issued and outstanding. There is no other class of authorised capital and no other shares are issued and outstanding. All of the shares are duly authorised, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable. The consent of the Government is required for the issuing of all further shares. The rights, conditions

Page 53
and privileges attaching to the Class B ordinary shares are not materially different from the rights, condition and privileges attaching to the Class A ordinary shares.
Barnex Ghana has an authorized capital of 9,000,000 Class A ordinary shares and there are 100 Class A ordinary shares issued and outstanding. Barnex Ghana has an authorised capital of 1,000,000 Class B ordinary shares and there are no Class B ordinary shares are issued and outstanding. There is no other class of authorised capital and no other shares are issued and outstanding. All of the shares are duly authorised, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable. The consent of the Government is required for the issuing of all further shares. The rights, conditions and privileges attaching to the Class B ordinary shares are not materially different from the rights, condition and privileges attaching to the Class A ordinary shares.
Barnex (IOM) has an authorised capital of 4,000 ordinary shares and there are 47 ordinary shares issued and outstanding. There is no other class of authorised capital and no other shares are issued and outstanding. All of the shares are duly authorised, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.
5. Options or Other Rights
There is no outstanding right, subscription, warrant, call, unsatisfied pre-emptive right, option or other agreement of any kind to purchase or otherwise to receive from any member of the Barnex Group and the Seller or any of their respective affiliates any of the outstanding, authorised but unissued, unauthorised or treasury shares of the capital stock or any other security of any member of the Barnex

Page 54
Group, and there is no outstanding security of any kind convertible or exchangeable into such capital stock or other security.
6. Subsidiaries and Other Affiliates
Barnex (IOM) is the 100% controlling and beneficial shareholder of Barnex Ghana and the 90% controlling and beneficial shareholder of Barnex Pretea as set forth in clause 4 of Schedule 2 of this Agreement.
Except as set out in the foregoing paragraph, no member of the Barnex Group, directly or indirectly, owns or has the power to vote or to acquire the power to vote, 50% or more of the securities of any class of any company the holders of which are ordinarily, in the absence of contingencies, entitled to vote for the election of directors (or persons performing similar functions) of such company.
7. Memorandum and Articles of Association
The Seller has heretofore delivered to the Purchaser true and complete copies of their Memoranda and Articles of Association of each member of the Barnex Group, all as of a recent date, receipt of which is hereby acknowledged. The minute books of each member of the Barnex Group contain minutes of all meetings and consents in lieu of meetings of its boards of directors (and any committees thereof) and of its shareholders. The minute books and stock books of the Barnex Group, to be delivered to the Purchaser at Closing are true and complete in all material respects.

Page 55
8. Financial Statements
The consolidated balance sheets of each member of the Barnex Group as at December 31, 2000 and the related consolidated statements of income, stockholder's equity and changes in financial position for the year then ended, including the footnotes thereto and the report thereon of the auditors, all of which have been delivered to the Purchaser, fairly present the consolidated financial position of each member of the Barnex Group at their respective dates and the consolidated results of operations and changes in financial position for the year then ended of each member of the Barnex Group in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, consistently applied. The foregoing financial statements are sometimes herein called the "2000 Financial Statements," the balance sheet included in the 2000 Financial Statements is sometimes herein called the "2000 Balance Sheet" and December 31, 2000 is sometimes herein called the "2000 Balance Sheet Date."
9. No Material Adverse Change
Barnex Prestea ceased to operate in the Lease Area in September 1998, Barnex Ghana and Barnex (IOM) have never operated. No member of the Barnex Group conducts or has conducted any operations, whether in the Lease Area or elsewhere since that date. Since the 2000 Balance Sheet Date, there has been no material adverse change in the affairs of any member of the Barnex Group, save that it is recorded and acknowledged that no member of the Barnex Group is in receipt of operating income, that expenditure is being incurred on an ongoing basis to

Page 56
preserve the rights and assets of each member of the Barnex Group, that inventory is being disposed of on an ongoing basis, that the assets of each member of the Barnex Group depreciate on an ongoing basis in the ordinary course and that certain of the assets of Barnex Prestea are in the possession of PGR.
10. Tax Matters
No member of the Barnex Group has been in a net tax paying position at any time in terms of the laws under which it is governed. The warranties given in this clause 10 are qualified by that representation and warranty. The Seller and each member of the Barnex Group have each timely filed or caused to be filed, whether on a consolidated, combined, unitary or separate return basis, all tax returns, declarations, reports, information returns and statements of whatsoever kind in respect of any taxes ("Tax Returns") required to be filed under applicable law on or before the Signature Date in respect of all taxable periods ending on or before the Signature Date. The Seller and and each member of the Barnex Group have paid, or on their financial statements which will be taken into account in the post-Closing adjustment will have adequately provided for through the Closing Date, all taxes required to be paid by them with respect to all federal, state, county, local and other taxes, including, without limitation, income taxes, estimated taxes, excise taxes, sales taxes, use taxes, gross receipts taxes, franchise taxes, withholding taxes, taxes on earnings and profits, employment and payroll related taxes, property taxes, taxes on value added and import duties, whether or not measured in whole or in part by income imposed by the Republic of Ghana or any political subdivision thereof or by any jurisdiction other than the Republic of Ghana (including, without limitation, the

Page 57
Republic of South Africa) or any political subdivision thereof ("Taxes" or "Tax" where the context requires), and all deficiencies or additions to Taxes, interest and penalties owed by them, in connection with any such Taxes (which deficiencies, additions, interest and penalties shall be included within the meaning of Taxes).
11. Compliance with Laws
To the best of the knowledge of the Seller, no member of the Barnex Group is (a) in violation of any material applicable order of any governmental or regulatory body, judgment, injunction, award or decree or (b) in violation in any material respect of any law, ordinance or regulation or any other requirement of any governmental or regulatory body, court or arbitrator of the Republic of Ghana or other foreign jurisdiction applicable to its business or properties. To the knowledge of the Seller, it has not, on behalf of any member of the Barnex Group or with respect to the Mining Lease, the PDA or the Main Agreement, nor has any member of the Barnex Group, made any illegal payment to officers or employees of the Government.
12. No Breach
The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby will not violate any provision of the Memorandum and Articles of Association of the Seller or any member of the Barnex Group.

Page 58
13. Contracts and Other Agreements
Schedule 4 describes or identifies all of the following contracts and other agreements to which any member of the Barnex Group is a party or by or to which it or any of its assets or properties are bound or subject: (i) contracts and other agreements currently in effect involving the payment of money, as to any individual contract or agreement, in an amount greater than $25,000 (twenty five thousand), with any current or former officer, director, employee, consultant, representative, agent, insurance brokerage firm, law firm, accounting firm or investment banking firm which is not cancellable at will by such member of the Barnex Group without the payment of any premium, penalty or liability; (ii) contracts and other agreements with any labour union or association representing or purporting to represent any employee; (iii) contracts and other agreements for the sale of any of its assets or properties other than in the ordinary course of business or for the grant to any person of any preferential rights to purchase any of their assets or properties; (iv) contracts or other agreements under which it agrees to indemnify any party otherwise than in accordance with standard practice in the industry or to share tax liability of any party; (v) contracts and other agreements involving aggregate annual payments or transfers in excess of $25,000 (twenty five thousand) as to any individual contract or agreement that can be cancelled only on 90 days' or more notice; (vi) any agreement, other than those entered into in the ordinary course of business or as contemplated by this Agreement, to incur or assume any debt, obligation or liability (whether absolute or contingent whether or not currently due and payable); (vii) any agreement, arrangement or understanding involving any

Page 59
member of the Barnex Group, on the one hand, and the Seller or any their respective affiliates or associates, on the other; (viii) any contract or other agreement calling for payments or receipts in excess of $50,000 (fifty thousand) over any 12-month period, whether or not made in the ordinary course of business; (ix) contracts or other agreements under which any member of the Barnex Group is expressly responsible for consequential damages arising from the breach of any warranty by it, (x) contracts or other agreements containing covenants of any member of the Barnex Group not to compete in any line of business or with any person in any geographical area, including, without limitation, the Republic of Ghana, (xi) contracts and other agreements relating to the acquisition by any member of the Barnex Group of any operating business or the capital stock of any other person, (xii) options for the purchase of any asset, other than in the ordinary course of business, (xiii) contracts and other agreements for the payment of fees or other consideration in an annual amount in excess of $25,000 (twenty five thousand) to any officer or director of any member of the Barnex Group or to any entity controlled by any such officer or director, or any relative or spouse (or relative of such spouse),
(xiv) contracts or other agreements relating to borrowed money, including, without limitation, any loan agreement, financing agreement, note, bond, mortgage, deed of trust, collateral security document, guarantee, instalment sales agreement or capitalised lease obligation, including, without limitation, all amendments, modifications, extensions and supplements thereto and (xv) any contract or agreement relating to mineral rights. To the best knowledge of the Seller there are no outstanding claims under any contract or agreement to which any member of the Barnex Group is a party or under which any member of the

Page 60
Barnex Group may incur any liability. There have been delivered or made available to the Purchaser true and complete copies of all of the contracts and other agreements including, without limitation, as at the Closing Date, the Mining Lease, PDA, Main Agreement and Indemnity. Subject to bankruptcy or insolvency laws and general principles of equity, all of such contracts and other agreements (and subject in the case of the Mining Lease, PDA and Main Agreement to the provisions of clauses 8.1.4 and 11.4 of the Agreement) are legal, valid, subsisting, in full force and effect and binding upon the parties thereto in accordance with their terms, and no member of the Barnex Group is in default in any material respect of its obligations under any of them, nor, to the knowledge of the Seller or any member of the Barnex Group is any other party to any such contract or other agreement in default in any material respect thereunder, nor does any condition exist wherein the contract or other agreement provides that with notice or lapse of time or both such condition would constitute a material default thereunder, and no contract or other agreement provides that the execution and delivery of this Agreement or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby will result in any breach or acceleration of, or constitute (or with notice or lapse of time or both constitute) a default under, any such contract or other agreement. No approval or consent of any person is required under the contracts and other agreements set forth elsewhere in this Agreement (subject in the case of the Mining Lease, PDA and Main Agreement to clauses 8.1.4 and 11.4 of the Agreement) in order for such contracts or other agreements to continue in full force and effect following the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

Page 61
14. Title to Property
No member of the Barnex Group has any ownership interest or beneficially holds an interest, in any real property.
15. All Property
It is recorded that all member of the Barnex Group are not now operating companies and do not conduct business. The assets that each member of the Barnex Group owns are set forth in the 2000 Financial Statements and include, without limitation, the assets listed on Schedule 2A under the heading "Disclosures Related to Clause 15 of Schedule 2", save that no warranties are given in respect of assets reflected as being in the possession of PGR.
16. Property in Good Operating Condition
No warranty is given that any property is in good operating condition and repair or that its utilisation conforms in all material respects with all applicable laws, ordinances, rules, regulations and orders of all federal, state, local, foreign and other governmental agencies, including, without limitation, zoning, environmental and land use laws, ordinances, rules, regulations and orders.
17. No Options
None of the Seller or any member of the Barnex Group owns or holds, or is obligated under or is a party to, any option, right of first refusal or other contractual

Page 62
right to purchase, acquire, sell or dispose of the Lease Area or any portion thereof or interest therein.
18. Liabilities
The provisions of this clause 18 do not relate to or include environmental liabilities. Environmental liabilities are dealt with in clause 23 of this Schedule 2. No member of the Barnex Group has any material direct or indirect indebtedness, liability, claim, loss, damage, deficiency, obligation or responsibility, fixed or unfixed, choate or inchoate, liquidated or unliquidated, secured or unsecured, accrued, absolute, contingent or otherwise, including, without limitation, liabilities on account of taxes or environmental matters or other governmental charges or lawsuits brought, of a kind required by generally accepted accounting principles as applied consistently in the preparation of the 2000 Financial Statements to be set forth on a financial statement, including in the footnotes thereto ("Liabilities"), that are not disclosed (i) in this Agreement or (ii) in the 2000 Financial Statements, other than Liabilities incurred since the Balance Sheet Date in the ordinary course of business. As at the Closing Date, the Seller's Claim will be in an amount of not less than $17,062,885.
19. Insurance
No member of the Barnex Group has received any notices of suspension, revocation, modification or cancellation have been received by with respect to current insurance policies and binders.
All such policies and binders have been

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issued to the members of the Barnex Group by reputable insurance companies and are currently in full force and effect. To the knowledge of the Seller, no member of the Barnex Group is in default with respect to any provision contained in any such policy or binder and has not failed to give any notice of, or present any material claim under, any such policy or binder in due and timely fashion. To the knowledge of the Seller there are no outstanding unpaid claims under any such policy or binder. The Seller has no knowledge of any material inaccuracy in any application such policies or binders, any failure to pay premiums when due or any similar state of facts that might form the basis for termination of, or denial of any coverage under, any such insurance. No member of the Barnex Group has received any notice from any of its insurance carriers that any insurance coverage will not be available in the future on substantially the same terms as now in effect. No action, other than paying premiums and meeting periodic renewal, reporting and other customary requirements of the insurer, by the Seller, any member of the Barnex Group or the Purchaser is required in order that all policies and binders will remain in effect following the consummation of the transactions provided herein.
20. Employees Benefit Plans
As of the Closing Date no member of the Barnex Group has or will have any material liability or obligation relating directly or indirectly to an employee benefit plan or an employee benefit arrangement that existed on or prior to the Closing Date. The consummation of the transactions contemplated in this Agreement will not in and of themselves (i) entitle any individual to severance pay, or (ii) accelerate

Page 64
the time of payment, vesting or increase the amount of compensation due to any individual.
21. Officers, Directors and Employees
As of the Closing no member of the Barnex Group has or will have any material liability or obligation relating directly or indirectly to an officer or director of such company that existed on or prior to the Closing. As of the Closing, no member of the Barnex Group will have any employees nor shall any of them have any material liabilities or obligations to any former employees, except for any employees who are currently retained as independent contractors to whom the aggregate obligations of such companies do not exceed $10 000 per month.
22. Operations
No member of the Barnex Group has since the 2000 Balance Sheet Date and will not through the Closing Date:
(i) subdivided or in any way reclassified any shares of its capital stock or changed or agreed to change in any manner the rights of its outstanding capital stock or the character of its business or issued any shares of capital stock;
(ii) declared or paid, or agreed to declare and pay, any dividends or declared or made any other distribution of any kind to its shareholders, or made any direct

Page 65
or indirect redemption, retirement, purchase or other
acquisition of any shares of its capital stock;
(iii) incurred liabilities or made expenditures, other than in the ordinary course of business, in an amount individually in excess of $5,000;
(iv) knowingly waived, or agreed to waive, any right of material value of its business, save as contemplated in clause 8.1.4;
(v) made, or agreed to make, any change in its accounting methods or practices or made, or agreed to make, any change in depreciation or amortisation policies or rates adopted by it;
(vi) made, or agreed to make, any loan or advance to its shareholder, or any of its officers, directors, employees, consultants, agents or other representatives (other than travel advances and relocation expenses provided in the ordinary course of business), or made any other loan or advance otherwise than in the ordinary course of business;
(vii) except in the ordinary course of business, entered into or amended, or agreed to enter into or amend, any contract or other agreement pursuant to which it agrees to indemnify any party or to refrain from competing with any party;
(viii) made, or agreed to make, any acquisition of all or any part of the assets, properties, capital stock or business of any other person;

Page 66
(ix) paid, or agreed to pay, directly or indirectly, any of its material Liabilities before the same became due in accordance with its terms or otherwise than in the ordinary course of business;
(x) terminated, or agreed to terminate, or failed to renew, or received any notice of termination of or any written threat (that was not subsequently withdrawn) to terminate or fail to renew any contract or other agreement that is or was material to the respective assets, properties, businesses, operations or condition (financial or otherwise) of such member of the Barnex Group, save as set out in clauses 8.1.4 and 11.4 of the Agreement;
(xi) increased the compensation payable or to become payable by it to any of its executive officers or directors;
(xii) granted any person a security interest in, suffered the incurrence of any lien upon, or otherwise encumbered, any of the Property;
(xiii) incurred or guaranteed any indebtedness for borrowed money or the like, except in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice;
(xiv) made any capital expenditures or commitments therefor in excess of $10,000;
(xv) amended its certificate of incorporation or by-laws; or
(xvi) entered into, or agreed to enter into, any other material contract or other agreement or other material transaction

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23. Environmental Protection
It is recorded that prospecting and mining activities have been undertaken in the Lease Area for a number of decades and that any involvement of the Seller or Barnex Prestea in such activities in the Lease Area has taken place only recently. The Purchaser acknowledges that it cannot, and does not hold the Seller liable for any environmental damage or pollution of any kind, or for any failure to comply with any environmental laws or regulations of any kind, where any such environmental damage or pollution, or any such failure to comply with any environmental laws or regulations occurred prior to 13 September 1995. In respect of the period subsequent to 13 September, 1995 to the Closing, the Seller represents and warrants that (i) Barnex Prestea has obtained all material permits, licenses and other authorisations which are required to be obtained thereby under federal, state, local and foreign laws, rules or regulations relating to environmental matters ("Environmental Laws"), including without limitation Environmental Laws relating to emissions, discharges, releases or threatened releases of pollutants, contaminants, chemicals, or industrial, toxic or hazardous substances or wastes into the environment (including, without limitation, air, surface water, ground water, or land), or otherwise relating to the manufacture, processing, distributions, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport, or handling of pollutants, contaminants, chemicals, or industrial, toxic or hazardous substances or wastes (ii) Barnex Prestea is, and at all times as been, in compliance with all material terms and conditions of the required permits, licenses and authorisations, and is also in full compliance with all other material limitations, restrictions, conditions, standards, prohibitions,

Page 68
requirements, obligations, schedules and timetables contained in any Environmental Law or contained in any code, plan, order, decree, judgement, injunction, notice or demand letter issued, entered, promulgated or approved thereunder; (iii) Barnex Prestea is not aware of, nor has it received notice of event, condition, circumstance, activity, practice, incident, action or plan which may interfere with or prevent compliance or continued compliance with all Environmental Laws or any code, plan, order, decree, judgement, injunction, notice or demand letter issued, entered, promulgated or approved thereunder, or which may give rise to any common law or legal liability under legal principles currently in effect on the part of Barnex Prestea, or otherwise form the basis of any claim, action, demand, suit, proceeding, hearing, study or investigation, based on or related to the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport, or handling, or the emission, discharge, release or threatened release into the environment, of any pollutant, contaminant, chemical, or industrial, toxic or hazardous substance or waste; and (iv) there is no civil, criminal or administrative action, suit, demand, claim, hearing, notice or demand letter, notice of violation, investigation, or proceeding that is pending or threatened against Barnex Prestea or any of its affiliate relating in any way to those laws or any regulation, code, plan, order, decree, judgement, injunction, notice or demand letter issued, entered, promulgated or approved thereunder.

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24. Potential Conflicts of Interest
After the Closing Date, the Seller will have nor, to the knowledge of the Seller, will any of its respective affiliate or associate will have any interest of any nature whatsoever in any member of the Barnex Group or the Lease Area.
25. Banks, Brokers and Proxies
Schedule 5 sets forth (i) the name of each bank, trust company, securities or other broker or other financial institution with which any member of the Barnex Group has an account, credit line or safe deposit box or vault, or otherwise maintains relations; (ii) the name of each person authorised each member of the Barnex Group to draw thereon or to have access to any safe deposit box or vault; and
(iii) the names of all persons authorised by proxies, power of attorney or other instruments (other than customary powers of attorney in bank form documents or security agreements) to act on behalf of any member of the Barnex Group in matter concerning its business or affairs. All accounts, credit lines, safe deposit boxes and vaults are maintained by each member of the Barnex Group for normal business purposes, and no such proxies, powers of attorney or other like instruments are irrevocable.
26. Mineral Reserves and Resources
No warranties are given and no representations are made in respect of any mineral reserves or resources.

Page 70
27. Consents, Approvals, Permits etc.
Except as set out in clauses 4.1.4 and 4.2.1 of the Agreement, no consents, permits and approvals from parties to any contracts or other agreements with any member of the Barnex Group and/or with the Seller (other than the Mining Lease, the PDA and the Main Agreement and the Indemnity) are required in connection with the performance by the Seller of its obligations under this Agreement.
28. Full Disclosures
All copies of documents and other papers delivered by or on behalf of the Seller in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby are true, complete and authentic copies of the instruments, which they purport to represent. No representation or warranty of the Seller contained in this Agreement, and no document or other paper furnished by or on behalf of the Seller to the Purchaser pursuant to this Agreement or in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, contains an untrue statement by the Seller or any member of the Barnex Group of a material fact or omits to state, whether therein or in any other document or paper furnished by or on behalf of the Seller to the Purchaser, a material fact required to be stated therein by the Seller or any member of the Barnex Group or necessary to make such statement in the context in which made, not false or misleading.

Page 71
SCHEDULE 2A
DISCLOSURES
DISCLOSURES RELATED TO CLAUSE 4.1.8.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 US$ OUTSTANDING
ITEM                                                             (APPROXIMATELY)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Royalty Accruals                                                      720,000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Option Payment (end of bankable feasibility study)                  1,000,000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Option Payment (commencement of production)                         1,500,000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acquisition of assets                                               6,000,000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-less mine development                                             (4,545,000)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
World Bank Loan                                                       925,000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL                                                               5,600,000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------	

DISCLOSURES RELATED TO CLAUSE 15 OF SCHEDULE 2
The Purchaser acknowledges to the Seller that the Seller has delivered to it detailed asset lists for Barnex (IOM), Barnex Ghana and Barnex Prestea and the parties hereby agree that such asset lists in the form so delivered shall be deemed to have been included as Schedule 2A.

Page 72
SCHEDULE 3
ABROGATION LETTER DATED 25 OCTOBER 2000

Page 73
SCHEDULE 4
CONTRACTS
1. Memorandum of Agreement dated May 20, 1996, (Prestea Main Agreement), between JCI Limited, Barnato Exploration Limited, Barnex (Prestea) Limited, The Government of the Republic of Ghana, Prestea Goldfields Limited and The State Gold Mining Corporation of the Republic of Ghana.
2. Project Development Agreement dated September 13, 1995, between JCI Limited, Barnato Exploration Limited, The Government of the Republic of Ghana, Prestea Goldfields Limited and The State Gold Mining Corporation.
3. Mining Lease over the Prestea Property dated October 13, 1994 between JCI Limited and the Government of the Republic of Ghana.
4. Product Supply Agreement dated December 1, 1996 between Shell Ghana Limited and Barnex (Prestea) Limited.

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SCHEDULE 5
BANKING DETAILS
1. Barnex (IOM)
None.
2. Barnex Prestea
(i) Standard Chartered Bank Limited, Foreign Services Branch, Current (US$) Account No. 8700202478600. (Signatories: Ron Smit, John G.A.
Renner, and Emmanuel S Teiko)
(ii) Ghana Commercial Bank Limited, Prestea Branch, Revenue (Cedi) Account No.0081202001970 (Signatories: Arnold K. Nyame, John k.
Buadi, and Issah Seryah)
(iii) Ghana Commercial Bank Limited, Prestea Branch, Wages and Salaries
(Cedi) Account No. 0081202001971 (Signatories: Arnold K. Nyame, John
k. Buadi, and Issah Seryah)
(iv) Ghana Commercial Bank Limited, Prestea Branch, General (Cedi) Account No. 0081202001972 (Signatories: Arnold K. Nyame, John k.
Buadi, and Issah Seryah)
3. Barnex Ghana
None.

Page 75
SCHEDULE 6
SELLER SECURITY
1. The Purchaser has advised the Seller that, at the date hereof:
(a) all gold produced by BGL from the Bogoso Property is the subject of a Gold Purchase and Refining Agreement ("GPRA") dated as of July 7, 1998 between BGL and Societe Generale ("SG"); and
(b) pursuant to the GPRA, title to gold passes to SG at the time of delivery to the refiner, and SG is obligated to deposit the purchase price into a Gold Proceeds Account ("GPA") which is administered by The Law Debenture and Trust Corporation p.l.c. as trustee (the "Trustee") and from which payments are made to a number of accounts for the benefit of the Purchaser and its affiliates in accordance with the terms of the agreement pursuant to which the GPA is administered.
2. The Purchaser has further advised Seller of its intention to continue with the foregoing arrangements and agreements after the Closing Date, except that:
(a) they will cover gold produced from the property to be covered by the New Mining Lease as well as from the Bogoso Property;
(b) a new bank may be substituted for SG, thereby requiring a new Gold Purchase and Refining Agreement; and
(c) they will be amended to accommodate the granting of security to the Seller in compliance with Clause 7.3.4.

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3. The Purchaser undertakes to and agrees with the Seller, for the purposes of fulfilling its obligation, to grant a first charge as described in Clause 7.3.4 that:
(a) it will establish or procure the establishment of an account (the "Barnex Account") outside Ghana in such jurisdiction as shall be acceptable to the Seller acting reasonably;
(b) it will procure that under the GPRA or any successor Gold Purchase and Refining Agreement, SG or any successor will be irrevocably authorized and directed to pay and deposit to the credit of the Barnex Account a portion of the sale proceeds of each gold shipment, such that the aggregate of all amounts deposited to the credit of the Barnex Account in respect of any calendar quarter shall be not less than 100% of the royalty payment owing by the Purchaser to the Seller in respect of such quarter;
(c) it will grant to, or if it is not the holder of the Barnex Account it will procure that the accountholder will grant to, the Seller first charge security over all amounts standing to the credit of the Barnex Account from time to time on terms whereby such amounts will be applied to the payment of the royalty; and
(d) it will deliver to the Seller on the Closing Date: (i) a written acknowledgement and undertaking by SG or any successor to the effect that it has been irrevocably authorized and directed to pay into the Barnex Account from time to time amounts sufficient to satisfy the foregoing requirements, together with an undertaking not to agree to any amendment

Page 77
of such requirement without the Seller's prior written consent, (ii) a copy of the documentation relating to the establishment of the Barnex Account; (iii) security in the form of a first charge on all amounts standing from time to time to the credit of the Barnex Account, and (iv) an opinion of counsel to the effect that the security granted to the Seller pursuant to subclause (iii) constitutes a first charge in accordance with applicable law.

EXHIBIT 10bb
SHARE AND ASSET ACQUISITION AGREEMENT
Between
ANVIL MINING NL
and
ANVIL INTERNATIONAL FINANCE LIMITED
and
GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD
-1-

SHARE AND ASSET ACQUISITION AGREEMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS

ARTICLE         TITLE                                                                             PAGE
-------         -----                                                                             ----
1.              Interpretation                                                                       4
2.              Sale                                                                                 6
3.              Purchase Price                                                                       7
4.              AIFL and Anvil Representations and Warranties                                        8
5.              GSR's Representations and Warranties                                                12
6.              Survival of Representations and Warranties                                          13
7.              Anvil and AIFL's Closing Conditions                                                 13
8.              GSR's Closing Conditions                                                            14
9.              Termination                                                                         15
10.             Attornment and Proper Law                                                           15
11.             Covenants of GSR                                                                    15
12.             Notices                                                                             16
13.             Confidentiality                                                                     16
14.             Indemnification                                                                     17
15.             Miscellaneous                                                                       17	

SCHEDULE        TITLE                                                                             PAGE
--------        -----                                                                             ----
A.              BGL Agreements                                                                      20
B.              BGL Debt                                                                            21
C.              Deed of Transfer                                                                    23
D.              Deed of Assignment                                                                  26
E.              Assignment and Novation Agreement                                                   29
F.              BGL Security Documentation                                                          33
G.              Certification of Non-Canadian Beneficial Ownership                                  35	

-2-

THIS SHARE AND ASSET ACQUISITION AGREEMENT MADE THE 6TH DAY OF AUGUST, 2001.
AMONG:
ANVIL MINING NL, a company organized and existing under the laws of Australia having its registered office at Ground Floor, 278 Stirling Highway, Claremont, Western Australia 6010, Australia
(hereinafter referred to as "Anvil")
OF THE FIRST PART
AND:
ANVIL INTERNATIONAL FINANCE LIMITED, a company organized and existing under the laws of Malta and having its registered office at 167 Merchants Street, Valetta, Malta
(hereinafter referred to as "AIFL")
OF THE SECOND PART
AND:
GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD., a corporation amalgamated under the laws of Canada and having its registered office in Vancouver, Canada and its principal office at 10579 Bradford Road, Suite 103, Littleton, CO 80127-4247, U.S.A.
(hereinafter referred to as "GSR")
OF THE THIRD PART
WHEREAS:
A. Pursuant to a Revised and Restated Agreement dated June 1, 1999, among Anvil, GSR and a number of vendors, AIFL and Bogoso Holdings
("BH") acquired 90% of the shares of Bogoso Gold Limited ("BGL") and all of the outstanding debt owed to the vendors by BGL;
B. In addition, GSR and Anvil entered into a Heads of Agreement dated April 30, 1999 providing for the joint management of the shares and debt acquired among other things;
C. GSR through its nominee, BH, now wishes to acquire Anvil and AIFL's interest, as the case may be, in the shares and debts of BGL and in the above agreements;
D. AIFL wishes to transfer its shares in BGL to GSR through its nominee, BH and GSR through its nominee, BH wishes to receive the above shares upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement;
-3-

E. Anvil wishes to sell, assign and transfer certain debt it holds to GSR through its nominee, BH and GSR through its nominee, BH wishes to acquire the debt upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement;
F. Anvil wishes to sell, assign and transfer its interests in the above agreements to GSR through its nominee, BH and GSR through its nominee, BH wishes to acquire the interests in the above agreements upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement;
G. GSR has advised Anvil and AIFL that it is its intention that the shares, debts and interests in the agreements to be sold pursuant hereto be transferred by Anvil and AIFL at Closing to its nominee, BH.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises hereto and the covenants, warranties, representations, agreements and payments herein set forth and provided for, the parties hereto covenant and agree as follows:
ARTICLE 1.
INTERPRETATION
1.1 In this Agreement, including the premises hereto, this clause and each Schedule, the words and phrases set forth below shall having the meaning ascribed thereto, namely:
(a) "Act" means the Canada Business Corporations Act, RSC 1985, c. C-44 (CA) as amended, together with all regulations promulgated pursuant thereto;
(b) "Agreement" means this Share and Asset Acquisition Agreement dated the 6th day of August, 2001 among Anvil, AIFL and GSR, and the expressions "above", "below", "herein", "hereto", "hereof" and similar expressions refer to this Agreement;
(c) "AIFL" means Anvil International Finance Limited, a corporation organized and existing under the laws of Malta;
(d) "Anvil" means Anvil Mining NL, a corporation organized and existing under the laws of Australia;
(e) "BGL" means Bogoso Gold Limited, a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the Republic of Ghana;
(f) "BGL Agreements" means all of Anvil's entire right, title and interest in and to the agreements more particularly described in Schedule "A";
(g) "BGL Assets" means collectively all of the interests whatsoever of Anvil and AIFL, as the case may be, in the BGL Shares, BGL Agreements and BGL Debt;
(h) "BGL Debt" means the indebtedness of BGL to Anvil pursuant to the agreements listed in Schedule B together with all accrued interest, expenses and other monies owed by BGL to Anvil pursuant to such agreements which, as of the close of business on June 30, 2001, in the aggregate amounted to 22.2% of the total indebtedness of BGL to GSR and Anvil of $28,898,200, which equals $6,415,400;
-4-

(i) "BGL Security Documentation" means the agreements with respect to the BGL Debt set forth in Schedule "F";
(j) "BGL Shares" means 156,586 Class "A" shares of no par value of BGL held by AIFL;
(k) "BH" means Bogoso Holdings, a corporation incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands;
(l) "Business" means the business presently and heretofore carried on by BGL as a going concern;
(m) "Business Day" means a week day, excluding all statutory holidays in the USA, Canada, Australia or Ghana;
(n) "Closing" means the transfer of the BGL Assets and the payment of the Purchase Price and the completion of all matters incidental thereto;
(o) "Closing Date" means 4:00 p.m., Calgary time, on August 20, 2001, or such later date as the parties agree in writing;
(p) "DEG" means DEG-Deutsche Investitions und Entwicklungsgcsellschaft mbH, a development finance institution organized and existing under the laws of the Federal Republic of Germany;
(q) "Effective Date" means 12:01 a.m., Denver time, on August 20, 2001 for the Closing, or such later date as the parties may agree in writing;
(r) "Encumbrance" means a mortgage, charge, pledge, lien, option, restriction, claim, equity, right of first refusal, right of pre-emption, third-party right or interest, other encumbrance or security interest of any kind, or another type of preferential arrangement (including, without limitation, a title transfer or retention arrangement) having similar effect;
(s) "GSR" means Golden Star Resources Ltd., a corporation amalgamated under the Act;
(t) "GSR Shares" means an aggregate of 3,000,000 common shares of GSR issued to AIFL and Anvil from the treasury of GSR at a deemed price of $0.40 per common share;
(u) "IFC" means the International Finance Corporation, an international organization established by articles of agreement among its member countries;
(v) "Place of Closing" means the offices of Field Atkinson Perraton located at 1900 First Canadian Centre, 350 - 7th Avenue S.W., Calgary, AB, Canada;
(x) "Purchase Price" shall have the meaning attributed to it in Article 3.1;
(y) "Regulatory Approvals" means the approvals for the transactions contemplated herein, required from all regulatory bodies including any stock exchange, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or any state authority having jurisdiction over securities matters generally.
1.2 Appended hereto are the following Schedules:
-5-

Schedule "A"        -       BGL Agreements
Schedule "B"        -       BGL Debt
Schedule "C"        -       Deed of Transfer
Schedule "D"        -       Deed of Assignment
Schedule "E"        -       Assignment and Novation Agreement
Schedule "F"                BGL Security Documentation
Schedule "G"                Certificate	

1.3 Wherever any provision of any Schedule to this Agreement conflicts with any provision in the body of this Agreement, the provisions of the body of this Agreement shall prevail. References herein to a Schedule shall mean a reference to the applicable Schedule to this Agreement. References in any Schedule to the "Agreement" shall mean a reference to this Agreement. References in any Schedule to another Schedule shall mean a reference to a Schedule to this Agreement.
1.4 References herein to a clause shall mean a reference to a clause within the body of this Agreement.
1.5 The headings of Articles, clauses and subclauses herein and in the Schedules are inserted for convenience of reference only and shall not affect or be considered to affect the construction of the provisions hereof.
1.6 In this Agreement, words importing persons include corporations and vice versa, words importing the masculine gender include the feminine and neuter genders and vice versa, and words importing the singular include the plural and vice versa.
1.7 All amounts of money which are referred to in this Agreement are expressed in lawful money of the United States of America unless otherwise specified.
ARTICLE 2.
SALE
2.1 AIFL agrees to sell and convey the BGL Shares it holds and GSR through its nominee, BH, agrees to purchase and receive the BGL Shares held by AIFL, all in accordance with and subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Agreement.
2.2 From time to time after the Closing Date, AIFL shall execute and deliver or cause to be executed and delivered to GSR, such instruments of sale, transfer, conveyance, assignment and delivery, consents, assurances, powers of attorney and other instruments as may be reasonably requested by counsel for GSR, in addition to those the delivery of which are required at the Closing, in order to vest in GSR's nominee, BH, all right, title and interest of AIFL in and to the BGL Shares in order to carry out the purpose and intent of this Agreement, at no cost to AIFL. In that regard, the parties will enter into the form of deed of transfer attached hereto as Schedule "C" at Closing.
2.3 Anvil hereby agrees to sell and convey the BGL Debt and GSR through its nominee, BH, agrees to purchase and receive the BGL Debt, all in accordance with and subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Agreement.
2.4 From time to time after the Closing Date, Anvil shall execute and deliver or cause to be executed and delivered to GSR, such instruments of sale, transfer, conveyance, assignment and delivery, consents, assurances, powers of attorney and other instruments as may be reasonably requested by counsel for
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GSR, in addition to those the delivery of which are required at the Closing, in order to vest in GSR's nominee, BH all right, title and interest of Anvil in and to the BGL Debt in order to carry out the purpose and intent of this Agreement, at no cost to Anvil. In that regard, the parties will enter into the form of deed of assignment attached hereto as Schedule "D" at Closing.
2.5 Anvil hereby agrees to assign, transfer and convey the BGL Agreements and GSR through its nominee, BH agrees to purchase and receive the BGL Agreements, all in accordance with and subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Agreement.
2.6 From time to time after the Closing Date, Anvil shall execute and deliver or cause to be executed and delivered to GSR, such instruments of sale, transfer, conveyance, assignment and delivery, consents, assurances, powers of attorney and other instruments as may be reasonably requested by counsel for GSR, in addition to those the delivery of which are required at the Closing, in order to vest in GSR's nominee, BH, all right, title and interest of Anvil in and to the BGL Agreements in order to carry out the purpose and intent of this Agreement, at no cost to the Anvil. In that regard, the parties will enter into the form of assignment and novation agreement attached hereto as Schedule "E" at Closing.
ARTICLE 3.
PURCHASE PRICE
3.1 (a) The Purchase Price to be paid by GSR to AIFL for the BGL Shares is $1.00 payable by GSR in cash on the Closing Date.
(b) The Purchase Price to be paid by GSR to Anvil for the BGL Debt and BGL Agreements held by Anvil is One Million Two Hundred Thousand ($1,200,000) Dollars payable by GSR issuing the GSR Shares to Anvil on the Closing Date.
3.2 The purchase and sale of BGL Assets contemplated herein shall be effective as of the Effective Date. Possession, beneficial ownership and risk of and title to the BGL Shares shall pass from AIFL to GSR's nominee, BH on and be effective on the Closing Date. Possession, beneficial ownership and risk of and title to the BGL Debt and BGL Agreements shall pass from Anvil to GSR's nominee, BH on and be effective on the Closing Date.
3.3 Anvil and AIFL each acknowledge and agree that:
(a) the GSR Shares are issued pursuant to Ontario Securities Commission Policy 1.5 and will be legended as follows:
"The Common Shares represented hereby are subject to a hold period and are not transferable until 90 days after the Closing date.
and
(b) the issuance of the GSR Shares is subject to the policies, rules and by-laws of any regulatory body including The Toronto Stock Exchange. Anvil and AIFL agree to be bound by and comply with all of the policies, rules and by-laws of any regulatory body in regard to the GSR Shares, and to comply with all laws and securities regulations in respect of the trading of the GSR Shares.
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3.4 GSR shall cause to be delivered to Anvil at Closing an interim certificate or certificates representing all the GSR Shares and will cause the GSR Shares to be duly recorded on the books of GSR in the name of Anvil. Anvil acknowledges that the original certificate or certificates representing all the GSR Shares will be held by GSR, and will be released upon the receipt from Anvil of one manually signed and completed copy of the certificate attached hereto and marked as Schedule "G". GSR will take all other action required to constitute and evidence Anvil as the holder of the GSR Shares. The delivery of such GSR Shares shall be against receipt of the BGL Debt and BGL Agreements from Anvil.
ARTICLE 4.
AIFL AND ANVIL REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
4.1 To induce GSR to enter into this Agreement and complete the transactions contemplated herein, AIFL and Anvil hereby jointly and severally represent and warrant to and in favour of GSR now as provided in Article 4, which representations and warranties will be true and correct as at the date hereof and as of the Closing Date.

4.2      (a)    AIFL is the only legal and beneficial owner of the BGL shares.
                The BGL Shares held by AIFL are free of all security interests,
                pledges, claims, mortgages, charges, liens, other encumbrances,
                charges or restrictions of any kind other than the Government of
                Ghana's right to its carried interest and the pledge of 156,586
                BGL Shares to Bogoso Holdings, and no other person, firm or
                corporation has any agreement, option or right capable of
                becoming an agreement for the purchase from AIFL of any of the
                BGL Shares held by AIFL except as provided herein, and AIFL is
                entitled to sell the BGL Shares it holds as provided in this
                Agreement;

         (b)    Anvil is the only legal and beneficial owner of the BGL Debt and
                BGL Agreements. The BGL Debt and BGL Agreements held by Anvil
                are free of all security interests, pledges, claims, mortgages,
                charges, liens, other encumbrances, charges or restrictions of
                any kind, other than the pledge to GSR, and no other person,
                firm or corporation has any agreement, option or right capable
                of becoming an agreement for the purchase from Anvil of any of
                the BGL Debt and BGL Agreements held by Anvil and Anvil is
                entitled to sell the BGL Debt and BGL Agreements it holds as
                provided in this Agreement.

4.3      (a)    AIFL has good right, full power and absolute authority to
                bargain, sell, transfer and assign the BGL Shares to GSR or its
                nominee, BH, upon receipt of approval from the Ghana Government
                and the Bank of Ghana, for the purposes and in the manner
                contemplated by this Agreement;

         (b)    Anvil has good right, full power and absolute authority to
                bargain, sell, transfer and assign the BGL Debt and BGL
                Agreements to GSR or its nominee, BH, for the purposes and in
                the manner contemplated by this Agreement.

4.4      (a)    AIFL has done no act or thing, nor is aware of any act or thing
                having been done, whereby any of its interest in and to the BGL
                Shares may be cancelled or determined;

         (b)    Anvil has done no act or thing, nor is aware of any act or thing
                having been done, whereby any of its interest in and to the BGL
                Debt and BGL Agreements may be cancelled or determined.

4.5      (a)    There are no actions or lawsuits in existence nor is AIFL aware
                of any pending or threatened claim, action or lawsuit against or
                with respect to the BGL Shares or AIFL's interest therein;	

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         (b)    There are no actions or lawsuits in existence nor is Anvil aware
                of any pending or threatened claim, action or lawsuit against or
                with respect to the BGL Debt and BGL Agreements or Anvil's
                interest therein.

4.6      (a)    No action or proceeding has been commenced or filed by or
                against Anvil or which seeks or may lead to receivership,
                bankruptcy, a consumer proposal or any other similar proceeding
                in respect of Anvil, the adjustment, compromise or composition
                of claims against Anvil or the appointment of a trustee,
                receiver, liquidator, custodian, or other similar officer for
                Anvil or any portion of its assets. No such action or proceeding
                has been authorized or is being considered by or on behalf of
                Anvil and no creditor or equity security holder of Anvil has
                threatened to commence or advise that it may commence, any such
                action or proceeding;

         (b)    No action or proceeding has been commenced or filed by or
                against AIFL or which seeks or may lead to receivership,
                bankruptcy, a consumer proposal or any other similar proceeding
                in respect of AIFL, the adjustment, compromise or composition of
                claims against AIFL or the appointment of a trustee, receiver,
                liquidator, custodian, or other similar officer for AIFL or any
                portion of its assets. No such action or proceeding has been
                authorized or is being considered by or on behalf of AIFL and no
                creditor or equity security holder of AIFL has threatened to
                commence or advise that it may commence, any such action or
                proceeding.

4.7      (a)    Anvil has all requisite corporate power and authority to enter
                into this Agreement and to perform each of Anvil's obligations
                under this Agreement;

         (b)    AIFL has all requisite corporate power and authority to enter
                into this Agreement and to perform each of AIFL's obligations
                under this Agreement.

4.8      (a)    All necessary corporate action has been taken by Anvil to
                authorize the execution and delivery by Anvil of this Agreement
                and all other agreements and instruments contemplated by this
                Agreement;

         (b)    All necessary corporate action has been taken by AIFL to
                authorize the execution and delivery by AIFL of this Agreement
                and all other agreements and instruments contemplated by this
                Agreement.

4.9      (a)    The execution, delivery and performance hereof by AIFL will not
                contravene or violate (a) the articles of incorporation or
                by-laws of AIFL; (b) any law, rule or regulation to which AIFL
                is subject or (c) any judgment, order, writ, injunction or
                decree of any court, arbitrator or governmental or regulatory
                official, body or authority which is applicable to AIFL; nor
                will such execution, delivery or performance violate, be in
                conflict with or result in the breach (with or without the
                giving of notice or lapse of time, or both) of any term,
                condition or provision of, or require the consent of any other
                party to, any contract, commitment, agreement, lease, license,
                permit, authorization, document or other understanding, oral or
                written, to or by which AIFL is a party or otherwise bound or
                affected.

         (b)    The execution, delivery and performance hereof by Anvil will not
                contravene or violate (a) the articles of incorporation or
                by-laws of Anvil, (b) any law, rule or regulation to which
                Anvil is subject or (c) any judgment, order, writ, injunction or
                decree of any court, arbitrator or governmental or regulatory
                official, body or authority which is applicable to Anvil; nor
                will such execution, delivery or performance violate, be in
                conflict with or result in the breach (with or without the
                giving of notice or lapse of time, or both) of any term,
                condition or provision of,	

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                or require the consent of any other party to, any contract,
                commitment, agreement, lease, license, permit, authorization,
                document or other understanding, oral or written, to or by which
                Anvil is a party or otherwise bound or affected.

4.10     (a)    This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by Anvil and
                all documents required hereunder to be executed and delivered by
                Anvil shall have been duly executed and delivered, and this
                Agreement does and such documents will, constitute legal, valid
                and binding obligations of Anvil enforceable in accordance with
                their respective terms;

         (b)    This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by AIFL and
                all documents required hereunder to be executed and delivered by
                AIFL shall have been duly executed and delivered, and this
                Agreement does and such documents will, constitute legal, valid
                and binding obligations of AIFL enforceable in accordance with
                their respective terms.

4.11     (a)    Anvil has not incurred any obligation or liability contingent or
                otherwise, for brokers' or finders' fees in respect of this
                transaction for which GSR shall have any obligation or liability
                except as disclosed;

         (b)    AIFL has not incurred any obligation or liability contingent or
                otherwise, for brokers' or finders' fees in respect of this
                transaction for which GSR shall have any obligation or liability
                except as disclosed.

4.12     Anvil acknowledges that the execution of this Agreement and the
         delivery to it of the GSR Shares has been or will be made in reliance
         upon and is conditional upon the following representations, warranties,
         acknowledgements and covenants of Anvil:

         (a)      it has not received, nor has it requested, nor does it have
                  any need to receive, any offering memorandum or any other
                  document (other than any other documents the content of which
                  is prescribed by statute or regulation) describing the
                  business and affairs of GSR which has been prepared for
                  delivery to, and review by, prospective purchasers in order to
                  assist them in making an investment decision in respect of the
                  GSR Shares and was not accompanied by any advertisement in
                  print of the GSR Shares, and it has not become aware of any
                  advertisement in printed media of general and regular paid
                  circulation, or on radio or television or the Internet with
                  respect to the distribution of the GSR Shares;

         (b)      it has been independently advised as to restrictions with
                  respect to trading in the GSR Shares imposed by applicable
                  securities legislation in the jurisdiction in which it
                  resides, confirms that no representation has been made to it
                  by or on behalf of GSR with respect thereto, acknowledges that
                  it is aware of the characteristics of the GSR Shares, the
                  risks relating to an investment therein and of the fact that
                  it may not be able to resell the GSR Shares except in
                  accordance with limited exemptions under applicable securities
                  legislation and regulatory policy;

         (c)      it is aware that no prospectus has been filed with any
                  securities commission in connection with the sale of the GSR
                  Shares and it is purchasing the GSR Shares pursuant to a
                  statutory exemption from the prospectus requirements under
                  applicable securities laws and as a consequence to it wherever
                  resident: (i) it is restricted from using most of the civil
                  remedies available under securities legislation; (ii) it may
                  not receive information that would otherwise be required to be
                  provided to it under securities legislation; and (iii) GSR is
                  relieved of certain obligations that would otherwise apply
                  under securities legislation;	

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(d) Anvil is a resident at the place indicated on the face page of this Agreement;
(e) Anvil is purchasing the GSR Shares as principal for its own account, not for the benefit of any other person;
(f) Anvil is capable of assessing the proposed investment as a result of the Anvil's financial or investment experience and is able to bear the economic loss of its investment;
(g) Anvil has been advised to consult its own legal advisors with respect to applicable resale restrictions and it is solely responsible (and GSR is not in any way responsible) for compliance with applicable resale restrictions;
(h) it is aware that the GSR Shares have not been and will not be registered under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "U.S. Securities Act"), and that these securities may not be offered or sold in the United States without registration under the U.S. Securities Act or compliance with requirements of an exemption from registration;
(i) it is not a "U.S. Person" (as that term is defined by Regulation S under the U.S. Securities Act, which definition includes, but is not limited to, an individual resident in the United States, an estate or trust of which any executor or administrator or trustee, respectively, is a U.S. Person and any partnership or corporation organized or incorporated under the laws of the United States) and is not acquiring the GSR Shares for the account or benefit of a U.S. Person or a person in the United States;
(j) the GSR Shares have not been offered to Anvil in the United States, and the individuals making the order to purchase the GSR Shares and executing and delivering this Agreement on behalf of Anvil were not in the United States when the transaction was agreed to and this Agreement was executed and delivered;
(k) it undertakes and agrees that it will not offer or sell the GSR Shares in the United States unless such securities are registered under the U.S. Securities Act and the securities laws of all applicable states of the United States or an exemption from such registration requirements is available, and further that it will not resell the GSR Shares, except in accordance with the provisions of applicable securities legislation, regulations, rules, policies and orders and stock exchange rules; and
(l) unless disclosed to GSR in writing prior to the Closing Date, Anvil is not a "control person" of GSR as defined in the Securities Act (Ontario) and will not become a "control person" of GSR, by virtue of the acquisition of the GSR Shares subscribed for pursuant to this Agreement and does not intend to act in concert with any other person to form a control group.
4.13 Anvil further represents, warrants, covenants and agrees:
(a) it is not a resident of Canada or the United States of America and, if it is purchasing as agent or trustee, no beneficial purchaser for whom it is acting is a resident of Canada or the United States of America;
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(b) the Common Shares are not qualified for sale in any jurisdiction in Canada or the United States of America;
(c) the Common Shares purchased by it hereunder may not be sold and will not be sold in Canada or to any resident of Canada for the period of 90 days from the Closing Date (the "Term Date");
(d) the certificates evidencing the Common Shares purchased by it hereunder will bear a legend referring to the restrictions on resale described in subparagraph (c) above and the registrar and transfer agent of the Common Shares will be required to not register any transfer of the Common Shares purchased by Anvil hereunder in the name of any resident of Canada for the period referred to in subparagraph (c) above; and
(e) it complies with the provisions of all applicable securities legislation in the jurisdiction of its residence and will provide such evidence of compliance therewith as GSR may request.
ARTICLE 5.
GSR'S REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
5.1 To induce the AIFL and Anvil to enter into this Agreement and complete the transactions contemplated herein, GSR hereby represents and warrants to and in favour of AIFL and Anvil, now as provided in Article 5 which representations and warranties shall also have been true and will be true and correct as at the date hereof and the Closing Date as the case may be.
5.2 It has been duly incorporated and validly exists as a corporation in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation.
5.3 It has duly obtained all corporate authorizations for the execution of this Agreement and for the performance of this Agreement by it, and the consummation of the transaction herein contemplated by it will not conflict with or result in any breach of any covenants or agreements contained in, or constitute a default under, or result in the creation of any encumbrance under the provisions of the Articles or the constating documents of it or any shareholders' or directors' resolution, indenture, agreement or other instrument whatsoever to which it is a party or by which it is bound.
5.4 The GSR Shares to be issued to Anvil, pursuant to this Agreement, shall be duly issued as fully paid and non-assessable.
5.5 Except as disclosed in GSR's: (a) 10K filing for the year ended December 31, 2000; (b) 10Q filing for the three months ended March 31, 2001; and (c) press releases issued to the date hereof, there are no agreements, arrangements or understandings in force or securities issued that call for the present or future issue of, or grant to any person the right to require the issue of, any shares or other securities in GSR.
5.6 The information made available to Anvil in relation to GSR provides a true and fair view of GSR, its assets, liabilities and prospects, and GSR is not in possession of any relevant information which has not been disclosed to Anvil.
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ARTICLE 6.
SURVIVAL OF REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
6.1 Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein expressed or implied, it is expressly agreed and understood that the covenants, representations and warranties set forth in Articles 4 and 5 are true on the date hereof, and the Closing Date, and notwithstanding the Closing, or deliveries of covenants, representations and warranties in any other agreements at the Closing, or prior or subsequent thereto, or investigations by the parties hereto or their counsel, the covenants, representations and warranties along with all rights of action in connection therewith, set forth in Articles 4 and 5 shall survive the Closing for the benefit of the parties hereto for a period of one (1) year from the Closing Date and shall be deemed to apply to the transfer of the BGL Assets.
ARTICLE 7.
ANVIL AND AIFL'S CLOSING CONDITIONS
7.1 The obligation of Anvil and AIFL to complete the transfer of the BGL Assets pursuant to this Agreement is subject to the satisfaction at or prior to the Closing Date of the following conditions precedent:
(a) all representations and warranties of the GSR contained in this Agreement shall be true and have been complied with in all material respects at and as of the date hereof and the Closing Date, GSR shall have tendered to Anvil and AIFL a certificate from a senior officer of GSR to such effect, and GSR shall have performed and satisfied all covenants required by this Agreement to be performed and satisfied by GSR at or prior to, Closing Date, or will be caused to occur after the Closing Date;
(b) GSR shall have tendered to AIFL and Anvil the Purchase Price payable at the Closing Date;
(c) at the Closing Date, no action or proceeding shall have been instituted or threatened by any one before any court or governmental agency to obtain damages in respect of this Agreement and no litigation or proceeding shall be pending or threatened to restrain, set aside or invalidate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement;
(d) except as shall have been approved in writing by Anvil, there shall not have occurred between the date hereof and the Closing Date any damage to or alteration in or to the GSR Shares (including, without limitation, an amendment to any agreement or instrument forming a part thereof) which, in Anvil's reasonable opinion, would materially adversely affect the value of the GSR Shares and GSR shall, on the Closing Date, deliver to Anvil a certificate of a senior officer of GSR, dated as of the Closing Date, stating that, except as has been approved in writing by Anvil, no damage or alteration has occurred during such period;
(e) as at the Closing Date, there shall have been obtained the written consents and approvals, in form and substance satisfactory Anvil, acting reasonably, of any governmental or regulatory agency or person whose consent to the transactions, contemplated herein is required.
7.2 The forgoing conditions contained in clauses 7.1 shall be for the benefit of Anvil and AIFL, and may, without prejudice to any rights of Anvil and AIFL hereunder, be waived by Anvil and AIFL in writing, in whole or in part, at any time. In case any of the said conditions shall not be complied with through no act, default or omission of Anvil and AIFL or waived by Anvil and AIFL at or before the Closing Date, Anvil and AIFL, may rescind and terminate this Agreement by written notice to GSR.
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ARTICLE 8.
GSR'S CLOSING CONDITIONS
8.1 The obligation of GSR to complete the transfer of the BGL Assets pursuant to this Agreement is subject to the satisfaction at or prior to the Closing Date of the following conditions precedent:
(a) all covenants, representations and warranties of Anvil and AIFL contained in this Agreement shall be true and have been complied with in all material respects at and as of the date hereof and the Closing Date and each of Anvil and AIFL shall have tendered to GSR a certificate (in the case of a corporation a certificate of a senior officer) of each of Anvil and AIFL, as the case may be, dated as of the Closing Date to such effect, and Anvil and AIFL shall have performed and satisfied all covenants required by this Agreement to be performed and satisfied by Anvil and AIFL at or prior to the Closing Date;
(b) except as shall have been approved in writing by GSR, there shall not have occurred between the date hereof and the Closing Date any damage to or alteration in or to the BGL Assets (including, without limitation, an amendment to any agreement or instrument forming a part thereof) which, in GSR's reasonable opinion, would materially adversely affect the value of the BGL Assets and each of Anvil and AIFL shall, on the Closing Date, deliver to GSR a certificate of a senior officer of each of Anvil and AIFL, dated as of the Closing Date, stating that, except as has been approved in writing by GSR, no damage or alteration has occurred during such period;
(c) the BGL Assets shall be free of any and all encumbrances, liens, charges and demands of whatsoever nature except as disclosed herein;
(d) no action or proceeding shall have been instituted or threatened by any one before any court or governmental agency to obtain damages in respect of this Agreement or to restrain or prohibit the consummation of the transactions contemplated herein;
(e) GSR shall have received the approval of its board of directors to the execution and delivery of this Agreement and to the transactions contemplated herein;
(f) GSR shall have received the approval of its shareholders to the execution and delivery of this Agreement and to the transactions contemplated herein;
(g) as at the Closing Date, there shall have been obtained the written consents and approvals, in form and substance satisfactory GSR, acting reasonably, of any governmental or regulatory agency or person whose consent to the transactions, contemplated herein is required;
(h) the board of directors of BGL shall have approved the transfer of the BGL Shares from AIFL to GSR;
(i) on the Closing Date, Anvil and AIFL shall make available to GSR the written resignation of William Stuart Turner, as a director of BGL, effective as of the Closing Date.
8.2 The foregoing conditions contained in clause 8.1 shall be for the benefit of GSR and may, without prejudice to any of the rights of GSR hereunder, be waived by GSR in writing, in whole or in part, at any time, provided GSR may not waive the existence and operation of any preferential right to
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purchase any of the BGL Assets. In case any of the said conditions shall not be complied with through no act, default or omission of GSR or waived by GSR at or before the Closing Date, GSR may rescind and terminate this Agreement by written notice to Anvil or AIFL, as the case may be.
ARTICLE 9.
TERMINATION
9.1 In the event that this Agreement is terminated pursuant to any of clauses 7.2 or 8.2, each party hereto shall be released from all obligations hereunder and each party hereto shall take all reasonable action to return each of the other parties hereto to the position relative to the BGL Assets which such party occupied prior to the execution hereof, it being understood that Anvil, AIFL and GSR will each bear all costs incurred by it prior to such termination.
ARTICLE 10.
ATTORNMENT AND PROPER LAW

10.1     This Agreement shall be exclusively subject to and be interpreted,
         construed and enforced in accordance with the laws in effect in the
         State of Colorado. Each party hereto irrevocably attorns to the
         exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of the State of Colorado and all
         courts of appeal therefrom.

                                   ARTICLE 11.
                                COVENANTS OF GSR

11.1     GSR covenants and agrees with Anvil and AIFL, until the purchase and
         sale of the BGL Assets becomes effective, and except with the prior
         written approval of Anvil and AIFL;

         (a)    not to declare, pay or set aside in respect of its capital any
                dividends or other distribution or payment by way of return of
                capital, and not to pay any stock dividend or make any
                reclassification in respect of its outstanding shares;

         (b)    not to purchase or otherwise acquire for any consideration any
                outstanding shares of its capital stock;

         (c)    not to alter or amend, in any way, its articles as the same
                existed at the date of this Agreement, and to maintain its
                corporate existence under the laws of Canada;

         (d)    to use its best efforts to obtain all necessary consents,
                assignments, waivers or amendments or terminations to any
                instruments or take such other measures as may be appropriate to
                fulfil its obligations under and to carry out the transactions
                contemplated by this Agreement; and

         (e)    not to engage in any business, enterprise or other activity
                materially different from that carried on by it at the date of
                this Agreement or to enter into any transaction or incur any
                obligation not in the ordinary course of business or any
                transaction with a party or parties with whom GSR does not deal
                at arm's length

         (f)    to advise Anvil and AIFL of any material adverse effect on GSR
                or any circumstances which are likely to result in such an
                effect on the GSR Shares.	

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ARTICLE 12.
NOTICES

12.1     Any notice, request, claim, demand, waiver, consent, approval or other
         communication which is required or permitted hereunder shall be in
         writing and shall be deemed given if delivered personally or sent by
         telegram, by registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, telecopied,	

facsimiled, or by recognized courier service, as follows:
(a) IF TO AIFL AT:
ANVIL INTERNATIONAL FINANCE LIMITED
 Ground Floor 278 Stirling Highway
Claremont, Western Australia 6010 Australia
Attention: William S. Turner, Executive Director
(b) IF TO ANVIL:
Anvil Mining NL
Ground Floor 278 Stirling Highway Claremont, Western Australia 6010 Australia
Attention: William S. Turner, Executive Director
(c) IF TO GSR:
GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
 10579 Bradford Road, Suite 103
Littleton, Colorado 80127-4247 U.S.A.
Attention: Allan Marter, Chief Financial Officer
or to such other address as the person to whom notice is to be given may have specified in a notice duly given to the sender as provided herein. Such notice, request, claim, demand, waiver, consent, approval or other communication shall be deemed to have been given as of the date so delivered, telegraphed, telecopied, facsimiled, mailed or dispatched and, if given by any other means, shall be deemed given only when actually received by the addressees.
ARTICLE 13.
CONFIDENTIALITY

13.1     The parties to this Agreement shall keep confidential all books,
         records, files and other information supplied by any party to one of
         the other parties or to their employees, agents or representative in
         connection with this Agreement including all analyses, reports, studies
         or other documents prepared by a party or its employees, agents or
         representatives, which contain information from, or otherwise reflects
         such books, records, files or other information. The parties shall not
         and shall ensure that their employees, agents or representatives do not
         disclose, divulge, publish, transcribe, or transfer such	

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information, all or in part, without the prior written consent of the other parties, which may not be arbitrarily withheld and which shall not apply to such information or any part thereof to the extent that:
(a) prior to its receipt by a party such information was already in the possession of such party or its employees, agents or representatives; or
(b) in respect of such information required to be publicly disclosed pursuant to applicable securities or corporate laws.
ARTICLE 14.
INDEMNIFICATION

14.1     Anvil and AIFL hereby jointly and severally covenant and agree with GSR
         and GSR hereby covenants and agrees with each of Anvil and AIFL (the
         party or parties so covenanting and agreeing to indemnify another party
         or parties hereinafter in this article referred to as the "Indemnifying
         Party" and the party or parties so to be indemnified being hereinafter
         called the "Indemnified Party") to indemnify and save harmless the
         Indemnified Party, effective as and from the Closing, from and against
         any claims, demands, actions, causes of action, damages, loss, costs,
         liability or expense (hereinafter in this article called "Claims")
         which may be made or brought against the Indemnified Party and/or which
         it may suffer or incur as a result of, in respect of, or arising out of
         any non-fulfilment of any covenant or agreement on the part of the
         Indemnifying Party under this Agreement or any incorrectness in or
         breach of any representation or warranty of the Indemnifying Party
         contained herein or in any certificate or other document furnished by
         the Indemnifying Party pursuant hereto.

14.2     The indemnity provided in this Article 14 shall survive the completion
         of the sale and purchase of the BGL Assets herein provided for, and
         notwithstanding such completion such covenants shall continue in full
         force and effect without limitation as to time.

                                   ARTICLE 15.
                                  MISCELLANEOUS

15.1     This Agreement shall supersede and replace any and all prior agreements
         between the parties hereto relating to the sale and purchase of the BGL
         Assets and may be amended only by written instrument signed by all
         parties hereto.

15.2     This Agreement (including all Schedules hereto) comprises the entire
         agreement between the parties hereto. There is no representation,
         warranty or collateral agreement relating to the sale and purchase of
         the BGL Assets except as expressly set forth herein.

15.3     Anvil, AIFL and GSR shall cooperate with each other in releasing
         information concerning this Agreement and the transactions contemplated
         herein, and shall furnish to and discuss with the other party drafts of
         all press and other releases prior to publication. Nothing contained
         herein shall prevent any party at any time from furnishing information
         to any governmental agency or regulatory authority or to the public if
         required by applicable law. Nothing herein contained shall prevent
         Anvil and AIFL from furnishing information relating to the said
         transaction nor the identity of GSR in connection with preferential
         rights of purchase, rights of first refusal and similar restrictions.

15.4     GSR makes no representations regarding the tax consequences to Anvil
         and AIFL of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. Anvil and
         AIFL acknowledge that they have been advised of the	

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         tax consequences of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement by
         their own tax advisers, and that they are relying on their tax advisers
         in determining their respective tax consequences in connection with the
         transactions contemplated in this Agreement.

15.5     Time shall, in all respects, be of the essence in this Agreement.
         Notwithstanding that time is of the essence, should the parties fix new
         dates for the performance of any of their respective obligations
         hereunder, time shall again be of the essence of this Agreement.

15.6     This Agreement shall be binding upon and shall enure to the benefit of
         the parties hereto and their respective successors, receivers, receiver
         managers, trustees and permitted assigns.

15.7     No party may assign its rights or obligations under this Agreement
         other than the assignment of GSR's rights and obligations under this
         Agreement to BH without the prior written consent of all other parties
         hereto, which consent will not be unreasonably withheld.

15.8     Should any provision or condition of this Agreement become illegal or
         not enforceable, it or they shall be considered separate and severable
         from the Agreement and the remaining provisions and conditions of this
         Agreement shall remain force and be binding upon the parties hereto as
         though the provisions or conditions had never been included.

15.9     GSR will be responsible for any stamp duties payable as a result of
         this Agreement.

15.10    Each party shall be responsible for its own legal and audit fees and
         other charges incurred in connection with the purchase and sale of the
         BGL Assets, the preparation of this Agreement and all negotiations
         between the parties and the consummation of the transactions
         contemplated hereby.

15.11    All covenants and agreements contained herein shall survive the closing
         of the purchase and sale of shares herein provided for and
         notwithstanding such closing, continue and remain in full force and
         effect unless the same shall have been waived by the parties hereto on
         or before the Closing Date. The provisions of this article shall not
         apply to the representations and warranties referred to in Articles 4
         and 5.	

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15.12    This Agreement may be executed in several counterparts, each of which
         so executed shall be deemed to be an original, and such counterparts
         together shall constitute one and the same instrument and,
         notwithstanding their date of execution, shall be deemed to bear the
         date as of the date above written. Execution and delivery of
         counterparts of this Agreement by facsimile by any party shall be
         binding on all parties to this Agreement.

         IN WITNESS WHEREOF the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as	

of the date first above written.
ANVIL MINING NL
Per:
ANVIL INTERNATIONAL FINANCE LIMITED
Per:
GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
Per:

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SCHEDULE "A" TO THE SHARE AND ASSET ACQUISITION AGREEMENT DATED AUGUST 6, 2001, AMONG ANVIL MINING NL, ANVIL INTERNATIONAL FINANCE LIMITED AND GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
BGL AGREEMENTS
1. Revised and Restated Agreement for the Sale and purchase of Debt and 90% of the Shares of Bogoso Gold Limited dated June 1, 1999 among Anvil, GSR and the vendors.
2. Heads of Agreement dated April 30, 1999 between Anvil and GSR.
3. Two Secured Notes dated September 30, 1999 by which Anvil International Finance Limited promise to pay Golden Star Resources Ltd. the amounts of $1,443,000.22 and $487,901.80, secured by the Pledge Agreement.
4. Pledge of Shares Agreement between Anvil International Finance Limited and Bogoso Holdings, dated February 24, 2000.
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SCHEDULE "B" TO THE SHARE AND ASSET ACQUISITION AGREEMENT DATED AUGUST 6, 2001, AMONG ANVIL MINING NL, ANVIL INTERNATIONAL FINANCE LIMITED AND GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
BGL DEBT
PART 1 - DEG LOAN DOCUMENTATION
1. A loan agreement dated 8 January 1990 made between DEG and BGL (the "DEG Loan Agreement") pursuant to which DEG agreed, on the terms and subject to the conditions stated therein, to make available to BGL a loan of up to DM 25,000,000 ("DEG Loan") to finance the Project (as defined therein).
2. A rescheduling agreement dated 4 March 1994 made between BGL and DEG (the "Rescheduling Agreement"), pursuant to which DEG agreed, on the terms and subject to the conditions therein, to amend the terms and conditions of the DEG Loan under the DEG Loan Agreement.
PART 2 - IFC LOAN DOCUMENTATION
1. A loan agreement dated 19 December 1989 made between BGL and IFC ("IFC Investment Agreement") pursuant to which IFC agreed, on the terms and subject to the conditions stated therein, to lend to BGL the sum of US$43,000,000 (the "IFC Loan") to finance the Project (as defined therein).
2. A rescheduling agreement dated 4 March 1994 (herein called the "IFC Rescheduling and Amendatory Agreement") made between IFC and BGL pursuant to which IFC agreed, on the terms and subject to the conditions therein, to amend the terms and conditions of the IFC Loan and the IFC Investment Agreement.
PART 3 - SHAREHOLDER ADVANCES DOCUMENTATION
1. An agreement (the "Shareholders Financing Agreement") dated 27 November 1989 made between BGL, the Republic of Ghana, IFC, the Central Bank, Billiton B.V. and Sikaman Gold Resources Limited as amended and supplemented by a certain supplemental agreement (the "Supplemental Agreement") dated 18 January 1990 between the same parties, pursuant to which, inter alia, IFC agreed to make available to BGL, and BGL agreed to borrow, additional loans comprising Shareholder Advances (as defined therein) and, if necessary, Shareholder Deficiency Advances (as defined therein).
2. An amendment agreement (the "Revised Shareholders Financing Agreement") dated 22 March 1994 made between BGL, IFC, DEG, the Republic of Ghana, the Bank of Ghana and Billiton B.V. pursuant to which Shareholders (as defined therein) agreed, on the terms and subject to the conditions therein, to amend the terms and conditions applicable to the Shareholder Advances and Shareholder Deficiency Advances under the Shareholders Financing Agreement (as amended and supplemented by the Supplemental Agreement).
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3. Deed of Assignment dated September 30, 1999 between DEG, Anvil and Bogoso Holdings.
4. Deed of Assignment dated September 30, 1999 between IFC, Anvil and Bogoso Holdings.
PART 4 - HEADS OF AGREEMENT
1. Under the Heads of Agreement dated April 30, 1999 between Anvil and GSR, GSR advanced to Anvil its share of the Acquisition Costs, as defined therein, pursuant to the original acquisition by Anvil and GSR of the BGL Shares and BGL Debt.
-22-

SCHEDULE "C" TO THE SHARE AND ASSET ACQUISITION AGREEMENT DATED AUGUST 6, 2001, AMONG ANVIL MINING NL, ANVIL INTERNATIONAL FINANCE LIMITED AND GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
DEED OF TRANSFER
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DEED OF TRANSFER
DEED OF TRANSFER is made this o day of o, 2001
BETWEEN
ANVIL INTERNATIONAL FINANCE LIMITED, a company organized and existing under the laws of Malta and having its registered office at 167 Merchants Street, Valetta, Malta (the "TRANSFEROR") of the one part
AND
BOGOSO HOLDINGS ("BH") (THE "ASSIGNEE"), a company incorporated under the laws of Cayman Islands and having its registered office at 5th Floor, Butterfields House, Fort Street, P.O. Box 219G, Georgetown, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands
WHEREAS
A. Bogoso Gold Limited (the "COMPANY"), previously known as "Canadian Bogosu Resources Ltd.", was incorporated in the Republic of Ghana on June 12, 1986 as a limited company under the Companies Code 1963 (Ghana).
B. By a share and asset acquisition agreement dated August 6, 2001 (the "PURCHASE AGREEMENT"), the Transferor has agreed to sell to the Transferee, certain "A" shares of no par value in the Company for the aggregate consideration of $1.
C. The Transferor is the registered holder of 156,586 "A" shares of no par value in the Company (the "SHARES"), representing on a fully diluted basis 22.2% of the capital stock of the Company, and the Transferor is entitled to and is desirous of transferring the full legal and beneficial ownership of, in and to the Shares to the Transferee.
D. The board of directors of the Company has approved the transfer of the Shares from the Transferor to the Transferee and has further resolved that the Transferee be entered in the register of members of the Company as holder of the Shares and that a share certificate be issued to the Transferee.
NOW THIS DEED WITNESSES AS FOLLOWS:
1. For the consideration stated in recital B herein, the Transferor hereby transfers 156,586 Shares to the Transferee subject to the conditions attached to these Shares and assigns to the Transferee such of its rights, benefits and interests as relate to the Shares.
2. On or at any time after the date first above written the Transferor shall execute and deliver all such documents and do all such further acts as the Transferee reasonably requires in order to perfect the rights, title and interest of the Transferee in the Shares.
3. Article 10 (Attornment and Proper Law) of the Purchase Agreement shall be incorporated in this Deed
-24-

of Transfer, mutatis mutandis.
4. This Deed of Transfer is entered into subject to the Purchase Agreement.
5. This Deed of Transfer may be executed in several counterparts, each of which so executed shall be deemed to be an original, and such counterparts together shall constitute one and the same instrument and, notwithstanding their date of execution, shall be deemed to bear the date as of the date above written. Execution and delivery of counterparts of this Deed of Transfer by facsimile by any party shall be binding on all parties to this Deed of Transfer.
6. This Deed of Transfer shall enure to the benefit of and be binding upon the parties and their successors and permitted assigns.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Deed of Transfer as of the date first above written.
ANVIL INTERNATIONAL FINANCE LIMITED
PER:
BOGOSO HOLDINGS
PER:

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SCHEDULE "D" TO THE SHARE AND ASSET ACQUISITION AGREEMENT DATED AUGUST 6, 2001, AMONG ANVIL MINING NL, ANVIL INTERNATIONAL FINANCE LIMITED AND GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
DEED OF ASSIGNMENT
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DEED OF ASSIGNMENT
THIS DEED OF ASSIGNMENT is made this o day of o, 2001,
BETWEEN:

ANVIL         MINING NL (THE "ASSIGNOR"), a company organized and existing under
              the laws of Australia and having its registered office at Ground
              Floor, 278 Stirling Highway, Claremont, Western Australia, 6010,
              Australia

and

              BOGOSO HOLDINGS ("BH") (THE "ASSIGNEE"), a company incorporated
              under the laws of Cayman Islands and having its registered office
              at 5th Floor, Butterfields House, Fort Street, P.O. Box 219G,
              Georgetown, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands	

WHEREAS:
The parties hereto have agreed that the Assignor shall assign to the Assignee its rights, title and interest in and to the BGL Debt (as defined in the share and asset acquisition agreement dated August 6, 2001 among the Assignor, GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD. ("GSR") and Anvil International Finance Limited ("AIFL") (the "Purchase Agreement")); capitalized terms herein, unless otherwise defined, shall have the meanings ascribed to them in the Purchase Agreement), made between the Assignor, GSR and AIFL.
NOW THIS DEED WITNESSETH as follows:
On and from the date hereof, the Assignor hereby assigns and transfers to the Assignee all the rights, title and interest in, to and under the BGL Debt, all the rights, title and interest in, to the documentation pertaining thereto and all the rights arising under or in connection with the BGL Security Documentation relating to the BGL Debt and (in each case) the full benefit and advantage thereof TO HOLD the same unto the Assignee absolutely.
The Assignor hereby covenants with the Assignee that the amount of 22.2% of the total indebtedness of BGL to GSR and Anvil of $28,898,200, which equals $6,415,400 o is still owed by BGL to the Assignor under the BGL Debt and that there are no other debts due or owing from BGL to the Assignor on any account whatsoever. The Assignor hereby represents and warrants to the Assignee that the Assignor has the right, power and authority to enter into this Deed of Assignment and to perform the transaction contemplated hereby.
BGL hereby acknowledges: 1) the amount of the BGL Debt still owed to the Assignor as of the date hereof; and 2) receipt of notice in writing from the Assignee of the assignment of the BGL Debt from the Assignor to the Assignee.
The Assignee acknowledges that the Assignor has given no warranty or assurance to the Assignee with regard to the recovery of the BGL Debt in whole or in part from BGL.
Article 10 (Attornment and Proper Law) of the Purchase Agreement shall be incorporated in this Deed of Assignment, mutatis mutandis.
This deed of Assignment is entered into subject to the Purchase Agreement.
-27-

This Deed of Assignment may be executed in several counterparts, each of which so executed shall be deemed to be an original, and such counterparts together shall constitute one and the same instrument and, notwithstanding their date of execution, shall be deemed to bear the date as of the date above written. Execution and delivery of counterparts of this Deed of Assignment by facsimile by any party shall be binding on all parties to this Deed of Assignment.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Deed of Assignment as of the date first above written.
ANVIL MINING NL
PER:
BOGOSO HOLDINGS
PER:

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SCHEDULE "E" TO THE SHARE AND ASSET ACQUISITION AGREEMENT DATED AUGUST 6, 2001, AMONG ANVIL MINING NL, ANVIL INTERNATIONAL FINANCE LIMITED AND GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
ASSIGNMENT AND NOVATION AGREEMENT
-29-

ASSIGNMENT AND NOVATION AGREEMENT
THIS ASSIGNMENT AND NOVATION AGREEMENT made this o day of o, 2001,
BETWEEN:
ANVIL MINING NL, a company organized and existing under the laws of Australia and having its registered office at Ground Floor, 278 Stirling Highway, Claremont, Western Australia, 6010, Australia
(hereinafter referred to as "Anvil")
and
BOGOSO HOLDINGS, a company incorporated under the laws of Cayman Islands and having its registered office at 5th Floor, Butterfields House, Fort Street, P.O. Box 219G, Georgetown, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands
(hereinafter referred to as "BH")
and:
GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD., a corporation amalgamated under the laws of Canada and having its registered office in Vancouver, Canada and its principal office at 10579 Bradford Road, Suite 103, Littleton, CO 80127-4247, U.S.A.
(hereinafter referred to as "GSR")
WHEREAS:
A. Pursuant to that certain revised and restated agreement for the sale and purchase of debt and 90% of the shares of BGL, dated as of June 1, 1999 (the "Bogoso Purchase Agreement"), by and between Golden Star Resources Ltd. ("GSR"), Anvil and the sellers named therein, GSR and Anvil acquired an interest in the Bogoso project in Ghana, as more particularly set forth in the Bogoso Purchase Agreement.
B. Pursuant to that certain Heads of Agreement, as dated April 30, 1999, as amended (the "Heads of Agreement"), by and between Anvil and GSR, Anvil and GSR entered into a joint venture for the purpose of holding their interest in BGL and operating the Bogoso gold mine in Ghana.
C. Pursuant to a share and asset acquisition agreement dated August 6, 2001 (the "Purchase Agreement") among Anvil, GSR and Anvil International Finance Limited ("AIFL"), Anvil has agreed to assign all of its right and obligations under the Bogoso Purchase Agreement and the Heads of Agreement to GSR's nominee, BH, (the "Assigned Interest") and BH has agreed to accept the assignment of the Assigned Interest.
-30-

NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing premises and the covenants contained herein and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, BH and Anvil covenant and agree as follows:
1. Effective as of o, 2001 (the "Effective Date"), Anvil assigns, transfers, conveys and sets over the Assigned Interest to BH, together with all benefits and advantages to be derived therefrom, to have and to hold the same to BH for its sole use and benefit absolutely, subject to the terms of the Bogoso Purchase Agreement and the Heads of Agreement.
2. Effective as of the Effective Date, BH accepts the assignment and transfer of the Assigned Interest and BH agrees with Anvil that it shall, at all times thereafter observe and perform every covenant and term on the part of Anvil in the Bogoso Purchase Agreement and the Heads of Agreement as if BH had been originally named as a party thereto in the place and stead of Anvil.
3. Effective as of the Effective Date, BH and GSR release, relieve and discharge Anvil from the performance of its covenants, obligations and liabilities under the Bogoso Purchase Agreement and the Heads of Agreement with respect to the Assigned Interest.
4. This Agreement shall be construed and enforced under the laws of the state of Colorado, U.S.A.
5. The parties shall, at all times, do all further acts and execute and deliver all further documents as shall be reasonably required in order to fully perform the terms of this Agreement.
6. The initial address of BH for service of notices, reports and all communications required or permitted by the provisions of the Bogoso Purchase Agreement and the Heads of Agreement with respect to the Assigned Interest shall be:
Bogoso Holdings
5th Floor, Butterfields House Fort Street, P.O. Box 219G Georgetown, Grand Cayman Cayman Islands
Attention: Peter Bradford
7. This Agreement is entered into subject to the Purchase Agreement.
8. This Agreement may be executed in several counterparts, each of which so executed shall be deemed to be an original, and such counterparts together shall constitute one and the same instrument and, notwithstanding their date of execution, shall be deemed to bear the date as of the date above written. Execution and delivery of counterparts of this Agreement by facsimile by any party shall be binding on all parties to this Agreement.
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9. This Agreement shall enure to the benefit of and be binding upon the parties and their successors and permitted assigns.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, BH and Anvil have executed this Agreement as of the date first set forth above.
ANVIL MINING NL
Per:
BOGOSO HOLDINGS
Per:
GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
Per:

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SCHEDULE "F" TO THE SHARE AND ASSET ACQUISITION AGREEMENT DATED AUGUST 6, 2001, AMONG ANVIL MINING NL, ANVIL INTERNATIONAL FINANCE LIMITED AND GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
BGL SECURITY DOCUMENTATION
1. THE ENGLISH CHARGE
A deed of charge dated 18 January, 1990 and made by BGL in favour of The Law Debenture Trust Corporation p.l.c., IFC and DEG, pursuant to which BGL created fixed and floating security on BGL's assets for all moneys and liabilities owing by BGL to the Secured Lenders (as defined therein) from time to time on the terms and subject to the conditions stated therein as amended by the Supplemental English charge dated 22 March 1994.
2. THE GHANAIAN DEBENTURE
A debenture dated 18 January, 1990 registered at the Lands Title Registry Accra as No. 1495/1990 and made by BGL in favour of The Law Debenture Trust Corporation, IFC and DEG, whereby BGL gave fixed and floating security over its assets in favour of the Trustee for all moneys and liabilities owing by BGL to the Secured Lenders (as defined therein) from time to time on the terms and subject to the conditions stated therein as amended by the Supplemental Ghanaian Debenture dated 22 March 1994.
3. THE ASSIGNMENT OF INSURANCES
A deed of assignment dated 26 February, 1990 and made between BGL, The Law Debenture Trust Corporation p.l.c., DEG and IFC, inter alia, pursuant to which BGL assigned to The Law Debenture Trust Company
p.l.c. by way of mortgage all its right, title and interest in and to all insurances required to be effected by BGL under which a claim is to be payable in any freely convertible and transferable currency other than Cedis and by way of floating charge to The Law Debenture Trust Corporation p.l.c. all other insurances required to be effected by BGL on the terms and subject to the conditions stated therein.
4. FOREIGN EXCHANGE RETENTION ACCOUNT AGREEMENT
An agreement dated 18 January, 1990 made between BGL, Barclays Bank PLC, The Law Debenture Trust Corporation p.l.c., the Republic of Ghana, the Bank of Ghana, Ghana Commercial Bank, IFC and DEG whereby, inter alia, there was established a mechanism for the collection, investment and administration of BGL's funds in one or more accounts maintained with Barclays Bank PLC and Ghana Commercial Bank as amended by the Supplemental Foreign Exchange Retention Account Agreement dated 22 March, 1994.
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5. THE MINING LEASE AGREEMENT
An agreement dated 18 January, 1990 entered into between the Republic of Ghana, IFC, DEG and The Law Debenture Trust Corporation p.l.c., providing, inter alia, for certain consents and assurances from the Republic of Ghana in relation to the Mining Leases (as defined therein) and the Transactions contemplated by the Financing Documents and the Security Documents (both as defined therein).
6. THE TRUST DEED
An agreement dated 18 January, 1990 entered into between BGL, The Law Debenture Trust Corporation plc, the Republic of Ghana, Bank of Ghana, DEG, IFC and the Representatives (as defined therein).
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SCHEDULE "G" TO THE SHARE AND ASSET ACQUISITION AGREEMENT DATED AUGUST 6, 2001, AMONG ANVIL MINING NL, ANVIL INTERNATIONAL FINANCE LIMITED AND GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
CERTIFICATION OF NON CANADIAN BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP
TO: GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD. (THE "CORPORATION")
THE TORONTO STOCK EXCHANGE
ONTARIO SECURITIES COMMISSION
RE: ISSUANCE OF 3,000,000 COMMON SHARES OF GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
 PURSUANT TO THE SHARE AND ASSET ACQUISITION AGREEMENT DATED AUGUST 6, 2001, AMONG ANVIL MINING NL, ANVIL INTERNATIONAL FINANCE LIMITED AND GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
The undersigned hereby certifies that the 3,000,000 common shares represented by the certificate registered in the name of the undersigned, and received by it pursuant to the above agreement are not held beneficially or otherwise for any person or persons resident in Canada or the United States of America.
The undersigned further certifies that the common shares of the Corporation represented by the certificate registered in the name of the undersigned is not beneficially owned by any officer, director or insider of the Corporation.
This certificate may be relied upon by the Corporation in its dealings with The Toronto Stock Exchange and the Ontario Securities Commission.
DATED as of this ____ day of _______________, 2001.
ANVIL MINING NL
 (Name of holder - please print)

(Authorized signature)

(Official capacity - please print)

(Please print name of individual whose signature appears above, if different from name of holder, printed above)

-35-

EXHIBIT 10(dd)
[AMCL LOGO]
ASSOCIATED MINING CONSULTANTS LTD.
[COVER GRAPHICS]
Qualifying Report on the
Bogoso-Prestea Project, Ghana
prepared for
Golden Star Resources Ltd.
Denver, Colorado, USA
submitted by
Keith McCandlish, P.Geol. and Alan L. Craven, P.Eng.
Associated Mining Consultants Ltd.
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
December 2001

GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
QUALIFYING REPORT ON THE BOGOSO-PRESTEA PROJECT, GHANA Page i
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
- Associated Mining Consultants Ltd. (AMCL) was retained by Golden Star Resources Ltd. (Golden Star) to provide an independent technical report in the form required by Canadian National Instrument 43-101.
The report was prepared to support announcements of new resource estimates resulting from the acquisition of the Barnex rights to the Prestea properties and a proposed sulfide project. It would also be used to support any prospectus to be filed with securities regulatory authorities.
- The Bogoso-Prestea concession is located in the Ashanti Trend in the Western region of Ghana, which runs from Axim in the south to Konongo in the north, over a distance of some 240 km. It is located some 35 km north of Tarkwa (85 km north of the port of Takoradi) with good access roads and an established infrastructure. The property is some 360 km by road west of the capital, Accra, and 130 km by road from the port of Takoradi on the Atlantic coast.
- Ownership of the Bogoso Mine operating company has changed several times over the history of the project. The current owner is Bogoso Gold Limited (BGL). Canadian Bogosu Resources Ltd. was granted Prospecting Licence SDI 779A/86 covering 147.69 km(2) on May 12, 1986. On August 21, 1987 Mining Licence WR348A/87 covering 50 km(2)2 was granted within the area of the Prospecting Licence. On August 16, 1988 a second Mining Licence, WR368/88 was granted, covering an additional 45 km(2)2 within the Prospecting Licence. Golden Star acquired 70% of BGL in September, 1999 and a further 20% from Anvil Mining in September, 2001.
- The Bogoso Gold Mine was put into production in 1991 by Billiton International Metals (BV) to exploit both oxide and sulfide resources. The roaster and flotation circuits were shut down in early 1994 as the sulfide resources could not be exploited economically. Since that time oxide and some transition ore have been processed, but the oxide resources are near exhaustion. To date, some 1,100,000 ounces of gold have been recovered at the Bogoso Gold Mine.
- BGL have taken measures to extend the life of their operations by acquiring additional oxide and non-refractory primary gold resources on the adjacent Prestea property. A feasibility study is near completion on the addition of a bio-oxidation circuit to the Bogoso processing plant to treat the Bogoso sulfide resources and the refractory ores on the Prestea property.
- Acquisition of the Prestea property, which is directly to the south of, and adjoins, the Bogoso concession was a complex transaction involving separate Agreements with Barnato Exploration Limited (Barnex), Prestea Gold Resources Ltd. (PGR) and the Government of Ghana. On August 06, 2001 representatives of the Government of Ghana, PGR and Golden
ASSOCIATED MINING CONSULTANTS LTD.

GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
QUALIFYING REPORT ON THE BOGOSO-PRESTEA PROJECT, GHANA Page ii
Star attended a ceremony in Accra, Ghana at which Dr. Kwaku Afriye, Minister of Lands, Forestry and Mines formally signed the new mining lease with Bogoso Gold Limited.
- Mining has been conducted on the Prestea property for over 100 years, primarily as an underground operation. Over 9,000,000 ounces of gold have been produced from the concession.
- The Bogoso gold mine and Prestea concession are located along a prominent north-east trending regional shear zone (the Ashanti Trend) that extends for over 240 km within the Man shield of the West African Craton. Lower Proterozic sedimentary and volcaniclastic rocks of the Birimian Supergroup and Tarkwaian Group are important hosts for gold. The Ashanti Trend hosts the principal gold deposits of the Ghana gold belt and is closely aligned with a major thrust fault (later re-activated with sinistral wrench movement) which separates the meta-sedimentary and meta-volcanic units of the Birimian and the clastic rocks of the Tarkwaian.
- A number of gold deposits have been delineated on the Bogoso Concession. The principal deposits from south to north are: Chujah South, Chujah Main, Chujah (Stage 3), Chujah North, Dumasi, Dumasi North (Nankafa), Marlu and Bogoso North. Oxide resources have largely been exhausted on the property and the resource base, while substantial, is limited, to generally, refractory sulfides.
- Gold mineralization on the Prestea Concession has been delineated in three bodies, Buesichem (in the north adjoining the Bogoso concession), North Shaft-Plant, Plant North, and Beta Boundary.
- On October 02, 2001 Golden Star published a preliminary resource estimate for the Prestea Concession. During October and November revised resource models were generated for both the Bogoso and Prestea concessions which resulted in the following revised resource statement:
BGL-SRK RESOURCE ESTIMATE

   MATERIAL       GRADE              MEASURED                           INDICATED                         INFERRED
                 CUT-OFF
                  (g/t)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                            Tonnage    Grade  Contained      Tonnage      Grade     Contained    Tonnage   Grade   Contained
                                       (g/t)  Ounces Au                   (g/t)     Ounces Au              (g/t)   Ounces Au
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         OXIDES    >1.6    1,454,354   3.38     158,044      2,130,492    2.65       181,517     581,766    2.67    49,940
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     TRANSITION    >2.1      932,009   3.47     103,978      2,143,975    3.13       215,752     272,551    2.66    23,309
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     REFRACTORY    >2.1    6,739,245   4.07     881,853      4,512,053    3.19       462,760   3,963,525    2.9    369,548
        SULFIDE
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 NON-REFRACTORY    >1.6    2,657,850   3.29     281,136      4,638,036    2.82       420,508   1,290,208    2.54   105,362
        SULFIDE
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         TOTALS           11,783,458   3.76   1,425,011     13,424,556    2.97     1,280,536   6,108,050    2.79   548,159
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	

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GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
QUALIFYING REPORT ON THE BOGOSO-PRESTEA PROJECT, GHANA Page iii
The total measured and indicated mineral resource for the Bogoso-Prestea concession is:
25,208,014 TONNES @ 3.34 g/t
for contained ounces of gold of 2,705,547.
In the opinion of AMCL the revised resource statement supports the press-release of October 02, 2001.
- Resource modelling conforms to industry standard practice.
- Surface mining is to be undertaken by a mining contractor, to whom the BGL mining equipment will be sold. The ore and waste are drilled and blasted. Loading is by hydraulic excavator into 50 t capacity haul trucks. Waste material is hauled to adjacent waste dumps which are progressively rehabilitated. Ore is hauled out of the pit to the processing plant. For the Plant North and Beta Boundary pits, the ore will be stockpiled near the pits then re-handled into on-highway trucks for onward haulage by contractor to the Bogoso processing plant.
- The mine plan is based on the following sequence:
- Mining will continue on the current Bogoso oxide and transition resources and from the Buesichem pits.
- Buesichem and Bogoso material will be mined concurrently while access is prepared to Plant North pit.
- Plant North will provide the Bogoso plant with oxide, transition and primary ore material until mid-2005.
- Beta Boundary and Plant North will then be mined concurrently until they are worked out and Bogoso is modified to treat sulfide material.
- The Bogoso and Buesichem sulfide resources would then be mined.
- Sub-grade stockpiles at Bogoso will be processed at the end of the mine life.
- Development of an open pit operation at Plant North will require the relocation of extensive infrastructure associated with the existing Prestea Goldfields Limited underground operation. This will include their current process plant and a power line belonging to the Volta River Power Authority.
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QUALIFYING REPORT ON THE BOGOSO-PRESTEA PROJECT, GHANA Page iv
- In each property, there are oxide, transition and sulfide minerals. The metallurgical characteristics of the material from the Bogoso property and the northern part of the Prestea property at Buesichem are similar. The oxide ores are readily amenable to cyanide leaching whereas the sulfide ore is refractory. The metallurgy changes to the south, with the sulfide ores becoming non-refractory and containing free gold and generally amenable to gravity recovery and cyanide leach.
- All the ore will be treated at the BGL processing plant. The refractory sulfide ores will be treated in a bio-oxidation plant which will be added to the existing BGL gravity/cyanide leach plant.
- The estimated gold recoveries in the BGL plant are:

PROPERTY                     OXIDES     TRANSITION       SULFIDE
-------------------------------------------------------------------
                           RECOVERY %   RECOVERY %      RECOVERY %
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Buesichem                      75           45              85
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Plant North                    83           83              84
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Beta Boundary                  92           85              85
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Chujah & Dumasi                82           80              88
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Bogoso North                   83           77              85
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Bogoso Oxide/Transition        80           45             n.a.
-------------------------------------------------------------------	

- Capital costs have been estimated at $52.2 million over the twelve year period examined.
- Average cash operating costs are $190/ounce gold produced.
- The un-discounted pre-tax net present value, in constant US dollars, of the estimated cash flow stream for the project from 2001 - 2012 is $52.2 million at a gold price of $275/ounce. The project is sensitive to gold price, grade, production and operating costs. It is less sensitive to capital expenditures.
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[AMCL LOGO]
ASSOCIATED MINING CONSULTANTS LTD.
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FILE: 01PM57
December 13, 2001

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GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
QUALIFYING REPORT ON THE BOGOSO-PRESTEA PROJECT, GHANA Page vi
RE: GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD. (THE "COMPANY"). QUALIFYING REPORT ON THE BOGOSO-PRESTEA PROJECT, GHANA.
Dear Sirs:
Associated Mining Consultants Ltd. (AMCL) and Messrs. Keith McCandlish, P.Geol. and Alan L. - Craven, P.Eng., authors of the above referenced report, consent to:
- The filing of the technical report,
- the written or electronic disclosure of the technical report, and;
- to extracts from, or a summary of, the technical report in any written disclosure being filed.
AMCL and the authors reserve the right to review any disclosure to ensure that extracts from, or the summary of, are not taken out of context. AMCL further consent to the submission of the above referenced report to any Exchange where the Company is listed for trading.
Since the preparation of the report no information has come to our attention which would materially alter the conclusions of this report.
Sincerely,
ASSOCIATED MINING CONSULTANTS LTD.

[ALAN L. CRAVEN PROFESSIONAL SEAL]        [KEITH MCCANDLISH PROFESSIONAL SEAL]

/s/ Alan L. Craven                        /s/ Keith McCandlish, P.Geol.,
--------------------------------          -------------------------------------
Alan L. Craven, P.Eng.,                   Keith McCandlish, P.Geol.,
Vice President & General Manager          Manager of Mineral Services	

PERMIT TO PRACTICE
ASSOCIATED MINING CONSULTANTS LTD.

Signature       /s/ Alan L. Craven
                ------------------

Date               DEC 14 2001
      ----------------------------	

PERMIT NUMBER: P 2361
The Association of Professional Engineers, Geologists and Geophysicists of Alberta
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GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
QUALIFYING REPORT ON THE BOGOSO-PRESTEA PROJECT, GHANA Page vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY......................................................      -i-

LETTER OF CONSENT......................................................      -v-

TABLE OF CONTENTS......................................................    -vii-

LIST OF TABLES.........................................................      -x-

LIST OF FIGURES........................................................     -xi-

1.0   INTRODUCTION AND TERMS OF REFERENCE..............................        1
      1.1   Introduction...............................................        1
      1.2   Terms of Reference.........................................        2
      1.3   Units......................................................        2
      1.4   Sources of Information.....................................        2
      1.5   Field Involvement..........................................        3

2.0   DISCLAIMER.......................................................        5

3.0   PROPERTY DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION................................        6
      3.1   Location, Access and Infrastructure........................        6
      3.2   Topography and Climate.....................................        6
      3.3   History....................................................        6
            3.3.1 Bogoso...............................................        6
            3.3.2 Prestea..............................................        7
      3.4   Title of Bogoso Property...................................       10
      3.5   Title of Prestea Property..................................       11
      3.6   Ghanaian Mining Law........................................       14

4.0   GEOLOGICAL SETTING...............................................       16
      4.1   Regional Geology...........................................       16
      4.2   Structural Setting.........................................       17
      4.3   Local and Property Geology.................................       17
            4.3.1 Bogoso...............................................       17
            4.3.2 Prestea..............................................       19
      4.4   Deposit Types..............................................       20
            4.4.1 Alteration...........................................       22
      4.5   Mineralization.............................................       22
            4.5.1 Bogoso...............................................       22	

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            4.5.2 Prestea..............................................       23

5.0   EXPLORATION......................................................       25
      5.1   Exploration Programs.......................................       25
      5.2   Drilling...................................................       25
      5.3   Sample Preparation, Analysis and Security..................       25
            5.3.1 Internal Controls....................................       25
            5.3.2 External Controls....................................       26
      5.4   Bogoso Exploration Targets.................................       26
      5.5   Prestea Exploration Targets................................       26

6.0   MINERAL RESOURCE AND MINERAL RESERVE ESTIMATES...................       27
      6.1   Mineral Resources .........................................       27
            6.1.1 Published Resource Estimations.......................       27
            6.1.2 Re-evaluation of Resource Estimates..................       28
      6.2   Mineral Resources by Deposit...............................       30
            6.2.1 Specific Gravity Determinations......................       31
            6.2.2 Grade Reconciliations................................       31
            6.2.3 Chujah-South Deposit.................................       32
            6.2.4 Chujah-Dumasi Deposit................................       34
            6.2.5 Bogoso-North (Marlu) Deposits........................       37
            6.2.6 Buesichem Deposit....................................       38
            6.2.7 Beta Boundary Deposit................................       41
            6.2.8 Plant-North Deposits.................................       43
      6.3   Mineral Reserves...........................................       50

7.0   MINING OPERATIONS................................................       56
      7.1   Mining Operations..........................................       56
      7.2   Mining Method..............................................       56
      7.3   Grade Control..............................................       56
      7.4   Production Schedule........................................       57

8.0   MINERAL PROCESSING AND METALLURGICAL TESTING.....................       68
      8.1   Introduction...............................................       68
      8.2   Bogoso Processing Plant....................................       68
      8.3   Oxide and Transition Material..............................       72
      8.4   Sulfide Ore................................................       73
      8.5   Treatment of Prestea Resources.............................       77
      8.6   Marketing..................................................       83
            8.6.1 Refining Contracts...................................       83	

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            8.6.2 Transportation.......................................       83
            8.6.3 Hedging Contracts....................................       83

9.0   ENVIRONMENTAL....................................................       85
      9.1   Legislative Background.....................................       85
            9.1.1 Overview of Environmental Legislation in Ghana.......       85
            9.1.2 Environmental Impact Assessment in Ghana.............       86
            9.1.3 Environmental Impact Assessment Procedures in Ghana..       86
            9.1.4 EIA Requirements of International Agencies...........       88
            9.1.5 Requirements for Permitting..........................       88
      9.2   Bogoso.....................................................       88
      9.3   Prestea....................................................       89

10.0  ECONOMIC ANALYSIS................................................       92
      10.1  Capital Costs..............................................       92
      10.2  Operating Cost Estimates...................................       92
      10.3  Cash Flow Analysis.........................................       96
            10.3.1  Assumptions........................................       96
            10.3.2  Cash Flow Projection...............................       96
            10.3.3  Sensitivities......................................      100
            10.3.4  Payback Period.....................................      102

11.0  INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS...................................      103

12.0  REFERENCES.......................................................      105	

CERTIFICATES
APPENDIX A - Mining Lease
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LIST OF TABLES

Table 6.1   Measured Mineral Resources
Table 6.2   Indicated Mineral Resources
Table 6.3   BGL-SRK Resource Estimate
Table 6.4   BGL-Prestea Total - Resources - As of November 5, 2001
Table 6.5   Total-Resources By Concession
Table 6.6   Prestea Concession - In-Situ Resources Within Pit Shells as at November 19, 2001
Table 6.7   Bogoso Concession - In-Situ Resources Within (Optimized) Pit Shells as at
            November 19, 2001
Table 6.8   Prestea Concession - Reserves Within Pit Shells (Optimized or Design) as at 19
            November 2001
Table 6.9   Bogoso Concession - Reserves Within Optimized Pit Shells as at 19 November 2001

Table 7.1   Production Schedule - Buesichem
Table 7.2   Production Schedule - Plant North
Table 7.3   Production Schedule - Beta Boundary
Table 7.4   Production Schedule - Chujah & Dumasi
Table 7.5   Production Schedule - Bogoso North
Table 7.6   Production Schedule - BGL Ox & Trans Mining
Table 7.7   Production Schedule - Total Mining Production
Table 7.8   Production Schedule - Millfeed Summary

Table 8.1   Mill Performance - Oxide and Transition Material
Table 8.2   Mill Performance - Sulfide Material
Table 8.3   Design Criteria vs. Plant Performance 1991-1994
Table 8.4   Roaster vs. Biox Design Criteria
Table 8.5   Diagnostic Leach Results -% Gold Extraction
Table 8.6   Metallurgical Test Results -% Recoveries
Table 8.7   Plant Recoveries for Cash Flow Analysis

Table 10.1  Capital Cost Estimates
Table 10.2  Bogoso Historic Operating Costs
Table 10.3  Cash Flows
Table 10.4  NPV at $275/oz. Gold Price
Table 10.5  Sensitivity of Net Present Value to Gold Price
Table 10.6  Sensitivity of Net Present Value to Grade
Table 10.7  Sensitivity of Net Present Value to Capital Costs
Table 10.8  Sensitivity of Net Present Value to Operating Costs	

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1    Location Map

Figure 4.1    Bogoso - Prestea Mining and Exploration Concessions
Figure 4.2    Bogoso Concession - Geology Showing Sulphide Ore Bodies
Figure 4.3    Prestea Concession

Figure 6.1    Bogoso-North Plan View
Figure 6.2    (North) Chujah-Dumasi Plan View
Figure 6.2    (South) Chujah-Dumasi Plan View
Figure 6.3    Chujah-South Plan View
Figure 6.4    Chujah South SECT-23550N
              BGL 3x3x12.5m ID(2)2 Gold Model
Figure 6.5    Chujah South SECT-23650N
              BGL 3x3x12.5m ID(2)2 Gold Model
Figure 6.6    Chujah South SECT-23850N
              BGL 3x3x12.5m ID(2)2 Gold Model
Figure 6.7    Chujah South SECT-23750N
              BGL 3x3x12.5m ID(2)2 Gold Model
Figure 6.8    Chujah SECT-24500N
              SRK Kriged Gold Model
Figure 6.9    Chujah SECTION - 24600 N
              SRK Kriged Gold Model
Figure 6.10   Chujah SECTION - 24700 N
              SRK Kriged Gold Model
Figure 6.11   Chujah SECTION - 24800 N
              SRK Kriged Gold Model
Figure 6.12   Chujah SECTION - 24900 N
              SRK Kriged Gold Model
Figure 6.13   Dumasi SECTION - 25550 N
              SRK Kriged Gold Model
Figure 6.14   Dumasi SECTION - 25650 N
              SRK Kriged Gold Model
Figure 6.15   Dumasi SECTION - 25750 N
              SRK Kriged Gold Model
Figure 6.16   Dumasi SECTION - 25900 N
              SRK Kriged Gold Model
Figure 6.17   Dumasi SECTION - 26000 N
              SRK Kriged Gold Model
Figure 6.18   Dumasi SECTION - 26100 N	

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               SRK Kriged Gold Model
Figure 6.19    Marlu SECTION - 30075 N
               SRK Kriged Gold Model
Figure 6.20    Marlu SECTION - 30175 N
               SRK Kriged Gold Model
Figure 6.21    Marlu SECTION - 30275 N
               SRK Kriged Gold Model
Figure 6.22    Marlu SECTION - 30375 N
               SRK Kriged Gold Model
Figure 6.23    Marlu SECTION - 30700 N
               SRK Kriged Gold Model
Figure 6.24    Marlu SECTION - 30800 N
               SRK Kriged Gold Model
Figure 6.25    Marlu SECTION - 30900 N
               SRK Kriged Gold Model
Figure 6.26    Marlu SECTION - 31000 N
               SRK Kriged Gold Model
Figure 6.27    Marlu SECTION - 31100 N
               SRK Kriged Gold Model
Figure 6.28    Buesichem Plan View
Figure 6.29    Buesichem X-SECT - 17525 N
Figure 6.30    Buesichem North X-SECT - 18175 N
Figure 6.31    Beta-Boundary Plan
Figure 6.32    Beta Boundary X-SECT -7125 N
Figure 6.33    Beta Boundary X-SECT- 8525 N
Figure 6.34    Beta Boundary X-SECT- 8625 N
Figure 6.35    North DDH Location Plan
Figure 6.36    Plant North X-SECT - 10400 N
Figure 6.37    Plant North X-SECT - 11075 N
Figure 6.38    Beta Boundary Model: Bench Grade vs Composite Grade and No. of Composites,
               With Low Grade Zone
Figure 6.39    Beta Boundary Model: Bench Grade vs Composite Grade and number of Composites,
               No Low Grade Zone
Figure 6.40    Plant and North Model: Bench Grade vs Composite Grade and Number of
               Composites, Low Grade Zone Included
Figure 6.41    Plant and North Model: Bench grade vs Composite Grade and Number of
               Composites, Low Grade Zone Excluded
Figure 6.42    Chujah South Model: Bench Grade vs Composite Grades and Number of
               Composites, Low Grade Zone Included
Figure 6.43    Chujah South Model: Bench Grade vs Composite Grade and Number of Composites,
               Low Grade Zone Excluded	

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Figure 6.44    Buesichem Model: Bench Grade vs Composite Grade and Number of Composites

Figure 8.1     Bogoso Processing Plant Flow Sheet	

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1.0 INTRODUCTION AND TERMS OF REFERENCE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The Bogoso concession is located in western Ghana some 35 km northwest of Tarkwa (Figure 1.1-in text following). Mining at Bogoso dates back to 1906 - 1913 when small scale mining was carried out. During the period 1936 to 1955, some 900,000 ounces of gold were extracted from the Marlu open pit and underground mine.
The Bogoso Gold Mine was put into production in 1991 by Billiton International Metals BV to exploit the oxide and sulfide reserves in and around the old Marlu mine using flotation, roasting and carbon in leach (CIL) technology. The roaster and flotation circuits were shut down in early 1994 as the sulfide resources could not be exploited economically. In November,1994, Gencor acquired the mine as part of the Billiton-Gencor merger and operated the mine until June, 1998 by exploiting the oxide resources. Gencor pulled out of the project in mid-1998 by selling its interest to the consortium of banks that had earlier provided project financing.
Golden Star Resources Ltd. (Golden Star) and Anvil Mining NL (Anvil) acquired 70% and 20% respectively of the shares of Bogoso Gold Limited (BGL) from the consortium of banks in a transaction completed on September 30, 1999. The remaining 10% of the shares is held by the Government of Ghana.
To date, approximately 1,100,000 ounces of gold have been recovered from the Bogoso Gold Mine. Oxide resources are near exhaustion so measures have been taken to extend the mine's life. A feasibility study is near completion on the addition of a bio-oxidation circuit to the Bogoso processing plant to treat sulfide resources and BGL have added oxide and non-refractory gold resources plus additional sulfide resources, by the acquisition of the Prestea property, which lies directly to the south of the Bogoso property.
Mining has been conducted on the Prestea for over 100 years, primarily as an underground operation with limited open pit mining. In recent times, near surface mining has been undertaken by illegal artisan miners known as galamseys. The Ghana Chamber of Mines has recorded that some 9,000,000 ounces of gold have been produced from the concessions since 1877.
During the period 1873 to 1965, the Prestea area was divided into several licenses operated by several different mining companies. In 1965 they were amalgamated into Prestea Goldfields Limited with effective 100% ownership by the Government of Ghana.
In 1994, Barnex, a public company and affiliate of JCI Limited, was granted a mining lease of about 129 km(2)2 over the Prestea area. The operating company was Barnex-Prestea who carried out a preliminary exploration program to identify and evaluate additional mineral resources within the area. In 1988,
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Western Areas Limited purchased JCI's 48% interest in Barnex and subsequently financed a drilling program and feasibility study for open pit operations. In September 1998, Barnex decided to close the underground operations, however, the staff and workers formed Prestea Gold Resources Limited (PGR) which has operated the mine since.
Following a number of transactions, described in detail in the report, Golden Star was granted a Mining Lease over the Prestea property on June 29, 2001, giving it the right to mine the surface down to 150 m below sea level. Mining of oxide ore from the Prestea property, for treatment in the existing Bogoso processing plant, started in November, 2001.
1.2 TERMS OF REFERENCE
Associated Mining Consultants Ltd. (AMCL) was retained by Golden Star Resources Ltd. (Golden Star) to provide an independent technical report in the form required by Canadian National Instrument 43-101.
The report was prepared to support announcements of new resource estimates resulting from the acquisition of the Barnex rights to the Prestea properties and a proposed sulfide project. It would also be used to support any prospectus to be filed with securities regulatory authorities.
1.3 UNITS
All units in this report generally conform to metric usage except where stated otherwise. Gold weight is presented in grams or Troy ounces (31.103477 g). Currencies are expressed in United States Dollars (US$).
1.4 SOURCES OF INFORMATION
The information contained in this report has been obtained from a number of sources:
- In June, 1999, AMCL prepared an Independent Engineering Report, conforming to National Instrument 43-101 Standards, at the time Golden Star acquired the Bogoso property. The authors of this report visited the Bogoso property during the period June 15-18, 1999.
- The authors of the report visited the Bogoso and Prestea properties during the period July 6-9, 2001. They examined documentation provided at the mine site by BGL, Golden Star, Barnex, and other external sources.
- On July 6, 2001, AMCL representatives witnessed the formal signing of the new mining lease for Prestea by BGL and the Government of Ghana.
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- AMCL have had access to a number of documents concerning the Bogoso and Prestea properties. A list of documents examined is provided in Section 12, References.
- AMCL have been provided with a copy of the Feasibility Study on the Prestea property for Barnex prepared by Steffan Robertson and Kirsten (SRK) with JCI Capital Projects Ltd. being responsible for process design and associated capital cost estimates. AMCL have relied, to a large extent, on the contents of this study.
- AMCL have been provided with a copy of the Bogoso Sulfide Feasibility Study being prepared by BGL under the overall direction and responsibility of SRK. AMCL have relied, to a degree, on the contents of this study.
- Historic cost data.
- AMCL conducted interviews with the following personnel of Bogoso Gold Limited: Richard A. Gray, General Manager; Peter Claringbull, Mining Manager; Joe Mobilia, Commercial Manager; Henry Mensah Atahora, Metallurgical Manager; Dave Alexander, Mine Engineering Superintendent; Mitchell Wassel, Exploration Manager; as well as other management and support staff.
Discussions were also held with Mr. Peter Bradford, President and CEO of Golden Star Resources Ltd.
1.5 FIELD INVOLVEMENT
The authors are independent and have not been involved in any of the field work or operations undertaken on BGL and Prestea properties.
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                                 [MAP OF GHANA]

                                                         Figure 1.1 Location Map	

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2.0 DISCLAIMER
The documents on which AMCL have relied have been prepared by internationally recognized engineering or consulting companies or major mining companies. In addition, data has been provided by Bogoso Gold Ltd. and Golden Star Resources Ltd. While we have relied on such data in the formulation of our report, we have also undertaken checks against historic performances on the properties to provide us with comfort that the data is reasonable.
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3.0 PROPERTY DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION
3.1 LOCATION, ACCESS AND INFRASTRUCTURE
The Bogoso-Prestea concession is located in the Ashanti Trend in the Western region of Ghana, which runs from Axim in the south to Konogo in the north, over a distance of some 240 km. It is located some 35 km north of Tarkwa (85 km north of the port of Takoradi) with good access roads and an established infrastructure. The property is some 360 km by road west of the capital, Accra, and 130 km by road from the port of Takoradi on the Atlantic coast. The Obuasi gold mine is located some 80 km north of the Bogoso property. A paved road from Takoradi to Kumasi runs down most of the length of the concession with the mining areas connected by gravel haul roads. The village of Bogoso is located at the junction of this road with a major east-west artery from Prestea to Enchi on the Cote D'Ivoire border. BGL has its own back-up power system (6.4 MW) to the national hydro-electric power grid to which it is connected.
3.2 TOPOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE
The project area is characterized by gently rolling hills incised by an extensive drainage network. The area is wet, with low-lying swampy areas. Extensive subsistence farming occurs throughout the area with plantain, pineapple, cocoanut, cassava, maize, yam and some oil palm and coffee being the principal crops. Much of the remaining primary jungle has been harvested for timber, although, a small remnant remains to the east in Kukom National Park
Ghana has a tropical climate with temperatures moderated by proximity to the Gulf of Guinea. Average temperatures range from 21(degree)C-32(degree)C with constant breezes and sunshine. Two distinct rainy seasons (March to July and September/October) are separated by a short dry season in August and a much longer dry season in the south from mid-October to March. Average rainfall in the south, near the project area, averages 2,030 mm.
3.3 HISTORY
3.3.1 Bogoso
The Bogoso property is located in an area of historic mining activity from small scale operations from the turn of the 20th century through to larger scale operations in the late 1930's.
The original Prospecting Licence was awarded to Denison Mines Limited in 1986. Denison formed a joint-venture with Sikaman Gold Resources Limited with minority shareholders, IFC and the Government of Ghana. was granted a Prospecting Licence covering 147.69 km(2)2 on May 12, 1986.
April of 1988, Billiton International Metals BV acquired Denison's share of Canadian Bogosu Resources Ltd. and the operating company name was changed to Billiton Bogosu Gold Ltd.
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The Bogoso Gold Mine was put into production in 1991 by Billiton International Metals BV to exploit the oxide and sulfide reserves in and around the old Marlu mine using flotation, roasting and carbon in leach (CIL) technology. The roaster and flotation circuits were shut down in early 1994 as the sulfide resources could not be exploited economically. In November,1994, Gencor acquired the mine as part of the Billiton-Gencor merger and operated the mine until June, 1998 by exploiting the oxide resources. All exploration and resources development revenue was funded from Bogoso's operating cash flow. In November of 1994, Gencor Limited acquired the worldwide assets of Billiton and renamed the company Bogoso Gold Limited. In March, 1998 Gencor sold its interest in the Bogoso project to a consortium of its senior lenders.
Golden Star (70%) and Anvil Mining NL (30%) acquired the shares of BGL from the consortium in an acquisition completed on September 30, 1999. Golden Star acquired Anvil's interest in BGL in September 2001.
Since this change of ownership in 1999, BGL has continued to mine and process the remaining oxide and transition resources available on the property. The resources are currently near exhaustion. Accordingly BGL has pursued two strategies to prolong the life of the mine:
- acquisition of oxide and non-refractory primary resources from adjacent properties; and,
- study of methods to economically treat the significant sulfide resources available on the Bogoso property.
In September 2001, BGL completed the acquisition of the surface resources on the adjacent Prestea property and could start mining oxide ore within one month on the most northerly Buesichem pit. This provides time to complete a definitive feasibility study on the processing of the enlarged sulfide resources.
3.3.2 Prestea
Mining has been conducted at Prestea for over 100 years, primarily as an underground operation with limited open pit mining. In recent times, however, near-surface mining has been carried out almost exclusively by illegal artisan miners, known as galamseys. The Ghana Chamber of Mines has recorded that some nine million ounces of gold have been produced from the Prestea concession since 1877. This makes Prestea the second most productive gold mining area in the history of Ghana after Obuasi.
During the period from 1873 until 1965, the Prestea area was divided into several licences operated by as many different mining companies. In 1965, the post-independence government of Mr Nkrumah amalgamated these mining operations into Prestea Goldfields Limited (PGL) under the aegis of the State
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Gold Mining Corporation (SGMC), a company with the Government of Ghana as its sole shareholder. SGMC owned 90% of PGL with the Government of Ghana directly owning the remaining 10%.
Following this consolidation in 1965, production declined and the mines operated at a loss. In 1985, in an attempt to redress the situation, the Government of Ghana secured a loan in an amount of $925,00 from the International Development Agency of the World Bank to rehabilitate a portion of the mine. After three years of continuing losses, the Government decided to privatize the operation. Between 1988 and 1994, several companies looked at the operation including Gold Fields of South Africa (GFSA) and JCI Limited (JCI). GFSA chose not to pursue the project.
In 1993, JCI reviewed the project and agreed to start repairing the shaft on behalf of the Government under an agreement with SGMC and PGL known as the Shaft Repair Agreement. In 1994, JCI was selected by the Government of Ghana to develop the Prestea Project and a new agreement was made on September 13, 1994 between JCI, Barnex, PGL, SGMC and the Government of Ghana known as the Project Development Agreement (PDA). The agreement set out the terms under which Barnex had the right to acquire 90% of the Prestea property and assets and to conduct mining operations on the property. The Government of Ghana was entitled to a 10% free carried interest and the right to purchase up to 15% participating equity interest at any time within six months of the completion of a feasibility study at a price to be agreed between the parties.
To complete the Prestea acquisition, Barnex was required to complete a five-phase work program including, due diligence, preliminary exploration and mining management, advanced exploration, feasibility study and mine establishment and to make payment to the Government of Ghana at defined milestones.
On October 13, 1994, Barnex was granted a Mining Lease of about 129 km(2)2 over the Prestea area despite not completing all the requirements of the PDA. The lease excluded the right to mine dumps, tailings and other mining waste materials within the lease area, which was granted to Prestea Sankofa Limited as a separate lease which runs until May 11, 2002.
In September 1995, The government of Ghana, JCI and Barnex entered into an agreement in which the Government agreed to loan Barnex Prestea the sum of $925,000 to repair the Central Shaft. The loans were to be repaid from future profits from the property.
Following the shaft repairs and a due diligence review, the Main Agreement was signed between the parties. The agreement allowed for the assignment of the Prestea assets to Barnex Prestea (excluding the Prestea concession) and the assumption by Barnex Prestea of the management of the existing mining operations. The Main Agreement also provided for the deferment of all royalties payable with respect to the existing mine until the earlier of (a) five years from the date on which Barnex took over Prestea's existing mining operations and
(b) Barnex's election to proceed with a new mining project on the property.
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The Main Contract provided that neither Barnex nor Barnex Prestea would have any liabilities for financial, legal, contractual, employment, environmental or any other matter arising out of the operations at Prestea prior to management take-over.
In November 1996, JCI, Barnex and Barnex Prestea entered into a five year management contract under which JCI was appointed to manage the work program and Prestea's existing mine.
During 1997 and 1998 Barnex conducted a preliminary and advanced work program on the Prestea property and elected to start a feasibility study to develop the properties.
In July 1998, Western Areas Limited, a member of the JCI group of companies, purchased JCI's 49% holding in Barnex and assumed all of JCI's rights and obligations. As the result of a rights offering to fund the feasibility study and other works, Western Areas increased it's holding to approximately 88% in Barnex.
Barnex decided to close the underground mine in September 1998 because of continuing operating losses. Following the closure, the local Mine Workers Union and the PGL Senior Staff Association formed a corporate entity called Prestea Gold Resources Limited (PGR) and carried on operations in the underground workings.
In October 1998, Western Areas commissioned Steffen Robertson & Kirsten (SRK) to conduct a comprehensive feasibility study into the potential for economic open pit mining on the property, with JCI Capital Projects as sub-contractors to take responsibility for the process, infrastructure and costing aspects of the engineering design. An initial pre-feasibility study was completed, which gave positive net present values at zero interest rates. Barnex decided not to proceed with the second stage of the feasibility and chose to sell its interest in the project.
In December, 1998, PGR and the Government entered into an agreement under which PGR was granted the right to explore, develop, mine and produce gold at the existing underground mining operations for six months and also the right to use the existing mill facility for the same period. Barnex, while retaining the rights, had no objection to PGR managing the underground mine for this limited period.
PGR are restricted from working above the sixth level, approximately 190 m below surface except for areas between the Alpha and Central Shafts where it could operate up to the second level (approximately 50 m below surface). The sub-lease expired in 1999 but PGR have continued to operate the mine.
In August 2000, Golden Star, Barnex and Western Areas entered into a letter of intent under which Golden Star would acquire the rights to the Prestea concession from Barnex. However, in November, 2000, the Government of Ghana granted a 15 year mining lease over the whole of the Prestea concession to PGR after having cancelled the mining lease and other agreements with Barnex related to the property.
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Under an agreement reached with PGR on May 21, 2001, the mining lease granted to PGR would be surrendered. Golden Star and PGR then made application to the Government for the granting of two new mining leases, a surface mining lease to a depth of 150 m below sea level in favour of Golden Star and an underground mining lease below a depth of 150 m below sea level in favour of PGR. In a second transaction, Golden Star acquired all of the Barnex rights to the Prestea property.
On June 29, 2001, Golden Star was granted a Mining Lease over the Prestea property.
3.4 TITLE OF BOGOSO PROPERTY
Ownership of the Bogoso Mine operating company has changed several times over the history of the project. The original Prospecting Licence was awarded to Denison Mines Limited in 1986. Denison formed a joint-venture with Sikaman Gold Resources Limited with minority shareholders, IFC and the Government of Ghana.
Canadian Bogosu Resources Ltd. was granted Prospecting Licence SDI 779A/86 covering 147.69 km(2) on May 12, 1986. Prospecting licences are valid for a three year initial term followed by a two year extension. Further extensions are available provided the property continues to be explored. AMCL confirmed that the Prospecting Licence is in good standing at the date of this report.
On August 21, 1987 Mining Licence WR348A/87 covering 50 km(2) was granted within the area of the Prospecting Licence. Approximate co-ordinates provided within the Licence document are:
Latitude 5(degree) 32' 30" North Latitude 5(degree) 37' 30" North Longitude 2(degree) 05' 30" West Longitude 1(degree) 58' 30" West
On August 16, 1988 a second Mining Licence, WR368/88, covering an additional 45 km(2) within the Prospecting Licence. Approximate co-ordinates provided within the Licence document are:
Latitude 5(degree) 28' North Latitude 5(degree) 38' North Longitude 1(degree) 58' West Longitude 2(degree) 07' West
Mining Licences are valid for thirty years and may be extended. The title documents acknowledge the change of ownership to BGL. AMCL has not conducted a full legal due diligence on the validity of the mining licences, however, we have no reason to believe that they are not in good standing. Receipts for annual fees paid to the Government of Ghana are included within the file at site.
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A 3% royalty on the gross revenue from the gold produced is payable to the Internal Revenue Service of Ghana.
In April of 1988, Billiton International Metals BV acquired Denison's share and the operating company name was changed to Billiton Bogosu Gold Ltd. (variations in spelling of the name of the village of Bogoso is reflected in the various corporate names).
The Bogoso Gold Mine was put into production in 1991 by Billiton International Metals BV to exploit the oxide and sulfide reserves in and around the old Marlu mine using flotation, roasting and carbon in leach (CIL) technology. The roaster and flotation circuits were shut down in early 1994 as the sulfide resources could not be exploited economically. In November,1994, Gencor acquired the mine as part of the Billiton-Gencor merger and operated the mine until June, 1998 by exploiting the oxide resources. All exploration and resources development revenue was funded from Bogoso's operating cash flow. In November of 1994, Gencor Limited acquired the worldwide assets of Billiton. In March, 1998 Gencor relinquished its' interests to the senior lenders. The transaction left around $34 million of debts outstanding to the consortium of lenders.
The consortium of banks, which now held 82% of the BGL shares, included the International Finance Corporation (IFC), Credit Lyonnaise, Sumitomo Bank, Ecobank Transnational Inc., Societe Generale, Bank Austria, Bank International $ Luxembourg, DS (Belgium) Finance N.V./S.A., and Deutsche Bank. In addition the IFC hold 8% of BGL shares while 10% of the shares are held by the Government of Ghana.
In September 1998, the consortium of banks engaged Deutsche Bank, London, to dispose of the banks and IFC shares on an external debt free basis. In May 1999, the IFC announced that the bid by Golden Star Resources Ltd. (Golden Star) and Anvil Mining NL (Anvil) had been accepted subject to approval of the Boards of Directors of IFC and Deutsche Bank, Germany. Golden Star and Anvil would hold equity interests of 70% and 20%, respectively, in BGL with the Government of Ghana retaining its 10% equity interest. Golden Star and Anvil would acquire 78% and 22% of the $34 million debt, respectively, and as a result, BGL would have no external bank debt other than the debt acquired by Golden Star and Anvil.
The IFC would receive US$5 million as a deferred payment, payable on the first anniversary of the commencement of commercial mining of the sulfide resources as part of a new sulfide project. This is under negotiation at the time of writing of the report.
On September 6, 2001 Golden Star acquired all of Anvil's interests in Bogoso increasing its equity interest to 90%. Golden Star issued 3,000,000 common shares at a deemed price of US$0.40/share in exchange for Anvil's 20% shareholding in Bogoso and Anvil's 22.2% interest in the approximate US$28 million in debt owed by Bogoso to Anvil and Golden Star.
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Shareholder debt at the end of 2001 is forecast to be US$33.8 million which will include interest accruals and new advances to assist with the Prestea acquisition.
3.5 TITLE OF PRESTEA PROPERTY
Acquisition of the Prestea property which is directly to the south of, and adjoins, the Bogoso concession was a complex transaction involving separate Agreements with Barnato Exploration Limited (Barnex), Prestea Gold Resources Ltd. (PGR) and the Government of Ghana.
Barnex is 88.7% owned by Western Areas Limited.
PGR is a Ghanaian company that was formed in 1998 by the ex-employees of Barnex with the intent of continuing to operate the 100 year-old underground mine at Prestea after Barnex had decided to close the mine in late 1998. PGR is a subsidiary of the State Gold Mining Corporation (SMGC) with SMGC holding a 90% interest. The remaining 10% is held by the Government of Ghana. SMGC administers both its own share in PGR as well as the Governments. SMGC is wholly owned by the Government of Ghana. PGR initially obtained a six-month "sub-lease", that was subordinate to the mining lease over the Prestea concession that was held by Barnex. On November 1, 2000, following the decision by government to abrogate Barnex's rights to the Prestea concession, government granted PGR a new mining lease over the Prestea concession for a period of 15 years. This decision was disputed by Barnex.
On May 21, 2001 Golden Star reached an Agreement with PGR in which PGR agreed to surrender the mining lease and that application would be made to the Government of Ghana for the issuance of two new mining leases. This would be comprised of a surface mining lease in favour of Golden Star and an underground lease below 200 m in vertical depth (150 m below sea level) in favour of PGR.
The Agreement required Golden Star to negotiate with Barnex to arrive at a commercial settlement of their claims arising from the abrogation of their mining rights on October 25, 2000. Golden Star would pay an option payment of US$2.1 million to PGR on closing which gives Golden Star the right, but not the obligation, to make a further payment of US$1.9 million to acquire a 35% interest in PGR and the right to manage the underground mine. The Agreement includes broad provisions for the mitigation of impacts to the underground mine infrastructure that may be impacted by surface mining activities.
On June 7, 2001 in Letter from the Minister of Mines, the Government of Ghana indicated its approval for the transaction between Golden Star and PGR. Also on June 7, 2001 PGR applied to the Minister of Mines by letter for a certificate of surrender of its mining lease over the Prestea concession.
Golden Star signed a Letter of Intent (LOI) in August of 2000 to acquire the Barnex rights and obligations in Prestea for a total consideration of US$12 million. The LOI expired with the abrogation of the Barnex rights on October 25, 2000.
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On June 22, 2001 Golden Star announced that it entered into a binding Agreement with Barnex to acquire all of its rights, claims and obligations related to the Prestea Property. The purchase consideration consists of US$2.0 million, payable at closing, by delivery of 3,333,333 shares of Golden Star at a deemed price of US$0.60/share and 1,333,333 warrants to subscribe for Golden Star shares at an exercise price of US$0.70 for a period of three years. The Agreement also involves a gold production royalty on the first 1,000,000 ounces produced from the Bogoso or Prestea concessions.
The royalty is paid quarterly and varies with the price of gold as follows:

AVERAGE SPOT PRICE OF GOLD  ROYALTY RATE
           (US$)              (US$/OZ)
----------------------------------------
             <260                  6
----------------------------------------
        >=260<270                7.2
----------------------------------------
        >=270<280                8.4
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        >=280<290                9.6
----------------------------------------
        >=290<300               10.8
----------------------------------------
        >=300<310                 12
----------------------------------------
        >=310<320               13.2
----------------------------------------
        >=320<330               14.4
----------------------------------------
        >=330<340               15.6
----------------------------------------
            >=340               16.8
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On August 06, 2001 representatives of the Government of Ghana, PGR and Golden Star attended a ceremony in Accra, Ghana at which Dr. Kwaku Afriye, Minister of Lands, Forestry and Mines formally signed the new mining lease with Bogoso Gold Limited. Representatives of AMCL attended at the ceremony as witnesses.
This represents formal acceptance by the Ghanaian Government of the transactions between Golden Star and PGR, and Golden Star and Barnex. Approval of the Reserve Bank of South Africa and Barnex shareholders has also been received and the deal closed in escrow on September 11, 2001.
The terms of the current mining lease requires payment of US$30,000 to the Ghanaian Government on signing and the payment of an annual rental of
(cent)5,000/km(2).
The mining lease excludes certain dumps, tailings, calcines and other mining derived materials. These materials were granted to Prestea Sankofa Ltd. in a Mining Lease dated May 12, 1994 valid through May 11, 2002. Prestea Sankofa is a joint-venture between Samax Ltd., the Ghana National Petroleum
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Corporation and the State of Ghana and has the right to mine "...dumps or deposits of tailings, calcines, and other waste materials including derived materials, alluvials and elluvials occurring above the original land surface..." within the areas demarcated within the lease. Prestea Sankofa operates a small mobile CIL plant and was observed excavating material in the vicinity of the Buesichem deposit.
Two possible areas of conflict with the known extent of the Mining Lease exist. Some 50 km to the north of Prestea in the Twofoo area a small area held by Prestea Goldfields Ltd. was transferred to Cluff Mining (now owned by Ashanti Goldfields) in error. Exploration has not been successful and this may prove to be of no consequence. The southern boundary of the Bogoso concession overlaps the Buesichem concession of Prestea Goldfields. As the ownership of the two concessions has been consolidated this represents no problem.
A copy of the Mining Lease is attached as Appendix A.
AMCL has not obtained a legal opinion of title, however, we are satisfied that the issuance of the mining lease conforms to Ghanaian law.
3.6 GHANAIAN MINING LAW
The following laws and regulations govern mining in Ghana:
- Minerals and Mining Law, 1986 (PNDCL 153),
- Minerals and Mining Law (Amendment), 1994 (Act 475),
- The Minerals Commission Law, 1986 (PNDCL 154),
- The Small Scale Mining Law,
- Minerals Royalties Regulations, 1987 (L.I. 1349), and;
- The Additional Profits Tax Law, 1982 (PNDCL 122).
The Government has a 10% non-participating interest in all exploration and mining ventures with the right to purchase an additional 20% equity interest in the mining venture at a fair market price.
Royalties of 3%-12% of mineral revenue are paid to the Government. Companies may export gold to any foreign refiner upon approval of the Government. The Government has a pre-emptive right to purchase the gold production at fair market value, although, this right has never been exercised.
Offshore foreign currency retention accounts for the receipt of foreign currency including the proceeds from gold production are permitted. Funds in the account must be utilized in the following order:
- Operating costs, including royalties and management fees,
- interest in respect of senior debt,
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- interest in respect of subordinate debt and/or claims approved by Government,
- tax,
- redemption payments with reference to senior debt, subordinate debt or approved claims, and;
- ordinary dividends to shareholders in accordance with shareholder's respective equity interests.
A surplus in the account may be used for permitted investments. Copies of the monthly statements of the account are to be submitted to the Central Bank within fifteen business days of the end of each month.
Corporate tax is currently 32.5%, although, no tax is due until capital debt has been repaid. Capital expenditures can be written-off, up to 75% in the first year and 50% off the declining balance in subsequent years. An investment allowance of 5% is permitted, annually.
The Minerals and Mining (Amendment), 1994 reduced corporate taxes from 45% to 35% and subsequently to 32.5%. As well the Act introduced the concept of "Golden Shares" whereby the Government (in addition to their mandated 10% interest) is empowered to acquire a special share in the joint-operating company for no consideration. The actuality is that the Ghanaian Government has expressed an interest in possibly divesting itself of its' equity interest in certain mining projects. This Act fundamentally changes the definition of a mining company and provides for up to four classes of shareholder controllers.
The Act imposes closer Government control on mining operations and a waiting period on the ratification of large-scale transactions.
Three forms of mineral land tenure are recognized:
- Reconnaissance Licence: entitles the holder to search for specified minerals by geochemical, geophysical and geological means. It does not permit drilling, excavation or other physical activities on land, except where such activity is specifically permitted by the Licence. It is normally granted for twelve months and may be renewed. In practice the duration is negotiable and related to the extent of the proposed reconnaissance program.
- Prospecting Licence: entitles the holder to search for specified minerals for three years in an area covering at most 150 km(2)2, but this size limit can be exceeded at the discretion of the Government. A Prospecting Licence is renewable for two years with a reduction in area.
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- Mining Lease: entitles the holder to extract minerals. A Lease is granted for thirty years over a maximum area of 50 km(2), or, where a holder has more than one lease an aggregate of 150 km(2). These limits are negotiable.
The holder of mineral land tenure does not automatically obtain ownership of surface rights. A number of timber concessions are present in the lease area.
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4.0 GEOLOGICAL SETTING
4.1 REGIONAL GEOLOGY
The Bogoso gold mine and Prestea concession are located along a prominent north-east trending regional shear zone (the Ashanti Trend) that extends for over 240 km within the Man shield of the West African Craton. Lower Proterozic sedimentary and volcaniclastic rocks of the Birimian Supergroup and Tarkwaian Group are important hosts for gold. The Ashanti Trend hosts the principal gold deposits of the Ghana gold belt and is closely aligned with a major thrust fault (later re-activated with sinistral wrench movement) which separates the meta-sedimentary and meta-volcanic units of the Birimian and the clastic rocks of the Tarkwaian.
The Birimian comprises an assemblage of turbiditic sedimentary (phyllites, schists and greywackes), and volcaniclastic rocks deposited in shallow marine basins (Lower Birimian) separated by a sub-parallel series of north-east trending volcanic belts (Upper Birimian). The transition between volcanic belts and sedimentary basins is marked by chemical sediments including cherts, manganese and carbon-rich sediments. Conventional thinking, based on relative stratigraphic position, suggested that the volcanic suites overlay the Lower Birimian. Recent radiometric work suggests that, in fact, that the volcanic rocks are 50 Ma-60 Ma older than the sedimentary sequences and may have been thrust faulted into their present position.
It is most likely that the Upper and Lower Birimian represent coeval, lateral facies, equivalents separated by transition zones containing chemical sediments.
A primarily thermal event result in regional metamorphism of the Birimian and Tarkwaian rocks. The Eburnean tectono-thermal event has been interpreted as occurring as a period of Birimian volcanic eruption, intrusion of granitoids and a period of metamorphism, uplift and erosion (Eburnean 1; 2240 Ma-2150 Ma) followed by regional metamorphism of both the Birimian Supergroup and Tarkwa Group rocks with further intrusive activity (Eburnean 2; 2150 Ma-2130 Ma). Emplacement of sub-volcanic plutons such as occurred in the Eburnean tectono-thermal event around 2.1 billion years ago may have contributed to the formation of late, discordant epigenetic veins, vein systems and stockworks in the Birimian.
Tarkwaian fluvial molasse sediments, principally, conglomerates (which host major gold deposits elsewhere in Ghana) are likely derived from erosion of the Birimian rocks which resulted in palaeo-placers similar to the Witwatersrand Basin of South Africa. Recent radiometric data suggests Tarkwaian deposition in an inter-montane graben was separated from the last Birimian volcaniclastic episode by a short period of extensional tectonism and block-faulting.
Gold deposits within the Birimian include Prestea (Prestea Gold Resources Ltd.), Bogoso (Golden Star), Obuasi (Ashanti), Ayanfuri, Amansie, Yamfo and Konongo.
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Gold deposits within the Tarkwaian include Teberebie, Abosso, Tarkwa, Iduapriem and Akyempim. A zone of oxidation occurs from the tops of low hills down to the valley floor. A transition zone approximately 20 m thick overlies the sulfide mineralization. Gold production has largely been from the oxide ores and identified reserves are limited.
Figure 4.1 (Map Pocket at rear) is an illustration of the general geological setting of the Bogoso-Prestea Concession.
4.2 STRUCTURAL SETTING
Gold mineralization in the Birimian rocks of Ghana are concentrated along four, parallel corridors (greenstone belts), 10 km-15 km in width and several hundred kilometres in length. A fifth belt of gold mineralization is represented by the Tarkwaian rocks. Regional scale deformation was dominated by folding and thrusting focussed at the boundary of the volcanic belts and sedimentary basins.
Within the Birimian and Tarkwaian, NW-SE (principal maximum stress
+/-100(degree)) compression or shortening is related to a single, long-lived progressive deformation event resulting in north-east tending westerly dipping (30(degree)-60(degree)) thrusts such as the Axim-Konongo thrust along which occur the Prestea deposits. These faults were subsequently re-activated on a local scale as sinistral strike-slip faults which control the presence and distribution of the mineralization at Prestea.
Deformation involved Birimian, Tarkwaian and early intrusives resulting in a thrusted and folded orogenic belt. Imbricate slices of metavolcanics occur within the central structural corridor. A lower stress regime further away form the volcanic-sedimentary contact has resulted in broad open folding dominating the Tarkwa Group.
The thrusts were reactivated during a change in the principal stress direction resulting in sinistral wrench faulting. Dextral relaxation structures have been noted. Gold appears to have been emplaced during a period of sinistral movement.
4.3 LOCAL AND PROPERTY GEOLOGY
4.3.1 Bogoso
In the Bogoso area the Ashanti trend structural discontinuity is referred to as the central structural corridor or central fault zone. This passes through the centre of the concession and gold mineralization occurs along the 18.5 km strike length.
The central structural corridor separates the Birimian structural domain in the west from the Tarkwaian structural domain in the east with both suites hosting an anastomosing network of faults and imbricate fault
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slices. The Tarkwaian rocks are not considered to be prospective for gold mineralization in the Bogoso area.
The most intense faulting occurs along the western edge of the central structural corridor and is referred to as the Main Crush Zone (MCZ). The MCZ varies in width from 1,000 m to 2,500 m with major gold deposits occurring at bends or junctions within the fault system. The fault system is dominated by early thrusting which resulted from northwest-southeast compression. The fault was later re-activated and appears to have undergone sinistral wrench type movement. Numerous interlocking splays occur within the MCZ. 90% of gold production to date has come from the MCZ. Mineralized splay structures outside of the MCZ have been identified but there has been little exploration of these targets to date.
Gold occurs in two primary ore types; principally, as refractory sulfide ores in the host rocks where arsenopyrite is the main ore mineral (sub-types of this include; graphitic shear zones, siliceous ores, carbonate alteration zones and wall rock hosts), and, as quartz+/-sulfide+/-carbonate veins (limited to the Bogoso North area) with free-milling gold. Both quartz veins and sulfide ores are restricted or confined to structures that cross-cut pre-existing foliations in the rock fabric. The quartz veins are probably younger than the gold-bearing arsenopyrite.
A number of gold deposits have been delineated on the Bogoso Concession. The principal deposits from south to north are: Chujah South, Chujah Main, Chujah (Stage 3), Chujah North, Dumasi, Dumasi North (Nankafa), Marlu and Bogoso North. Oxide resources have largely been exhausted on the property and the resource base, while substantial, is limited to generally, refractory sulfides.
All of the deposits are open at depth. Figure 4.2 (at rear of this section) is a cartoon showing the relationship of the various Bogoso sulfide ore bodies.
Mineralization in the Chujah South deposit is associated with two moderate to steeply dipping structures, the Chujah footwall fault which runs sub-parallel to the main crush zone and an easterly trending splay which intersects the bounding fault with the Tarkwaian (Chujah fault). Mineralization is associated with the intersection of these structures and minor northeast trending faults. A series of westerly dipping faults host oxide mineralization. Faulting in Chujah South is extremely complex and controlled by fault bounded volcanic bodies.
The Chujah Main and Chujah (Stage 3) deposits are separated by a thinning or pinching out of the main crush zone mineralization. Gold is associated with finely disseminated pyrite and arsenopyrite. Increased gold grade is associated with an increased concentration of arsenopyrite. Sulfides in the Chujah Main deposit have been mined prior to the closure of the roaster. Gold in both deposits is associated with graphitic mylonites and carbonate alteration. A substantial portion of the known sulfide resources occur in the Chujah deposits. A small satellite orebody, Chujah North also contains a small gold resource base.
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At Dumasi, gold is also hosted in graphitic mylonites and carbonate altered rock. The deposit is associated with a sinistral flexure in the main crush zone and hanging wall and footwall splays. The deposit is approximately 380 m along strike, 30 m-35 m wide and tested to 100 m in depth. The dips are gentler than those at Chujah with the gold grade being slightly lower.
The Dumasi North deposit (Nankafa) is 400 m along strike 30 m-70 m perpendicular to strike and drilled to a vertical depth of 200 m. The Dumasi deposits also account for a substantial proportion of the gold resources on the Bogoso concessions.
The Marlu deposit has been the site of over 100 years of mining by both underground and open-pit methods. Higher grades are associated with sporadic quartz veins and graphitic mylonite. The deposit is approximately 450 m along strike and 15 m-25 m in width and untested at depth. The deposit dies out northward in a low grade graphitic fault zone and opens up in the Bogoso North deposit
At Bogoso North two splays of the main crush zone, a graphitic footwall structure and a silicified, quartz vein dominated hanging wall structure extend for 500 m along strike. Quartz vein mineralization is associated with higher gold grades of 5 g/t-15 g/t. Gold is associated with abundant arsenopyrite.
4.3.2 Prestea
Gold mineralization on the Prestea Concession has been delineated in three bodies, Buesichem (in the north adjoining the Bogoso concession), North Shaft-Plant and Beta Boundary. Figure 4.3 (in Map Pocket at rear) is a satellite image of the Prestea Concession illustrating the major geographic features of the area.
The Buesichem deposit is very similar to that of the Bogoso concession to the north. Mineralization is hosted in an extensively sheared package of greywackes, turbidites and phyllites. The mineralization is associated with wall rock alteration and mylonitic structures with 70% of the gold considered to be refractory. The ore body is steeply dipping (70(degree)) and plunges to the south-southwest. As with Bogoso much of the gold is occluded in arsenopyrite or arsenian pyrite and much of the sulfide resource is considered to be refractory. Gold occurrences in the Buesichem deposit are different from the other Prestea deposits to the south having unique textures as a result of the extensive cataclastic nature of the rocks.
The North Shaft-Plant and Beta Boundary deposits as well as the southern Brumasi gold occurrence are associated with a left-hand flexure (concave westwards) which has resulted in a major dilational zone along the Axim-Konongo fault belt.
The North Shaft-Plant deposit mineralization is associated with the boundary between greywackes (and carbonaceous phyllites) in the west and metavolcanics in the east. Rock units have been juxtaposed by faulting. There are three discrete, continuous, laminated quartz veins referred to as the Westreef (hanging-wall sequence), Mainreef and Eastreef (footwall sequence). These units pinch and swell along strike.
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The ore body strikes north-northeasterly and dips at 55(degree) to the northwest.
Up to 70% of the mineralization occurs as coarse (25 F-2,000 F), free gold within quartz veins. The remainder of the gold is associated with altered wall rocks with the gold occluded in arsenopyrite.The mineralization has good continuity along strike and down dip as evidenced by over 100 years of mining. A well developed oxide zone is present which may be amenable to open-cast bulk mining.
The Westreef is comprised of altered volcaniclastic tuffs, turbidites and greywackes. The Mainreef sequence occurs in intensely sheared carbonaceous phyllites with primary organic carbon and graphite which may be preg-robbing. The Eastreef is similar to the Westreef with the presence of faulted Tarkwaian units.
The North Shaft mineralization has a higher proportion of organic carbon in black marine shales.
Beta Boundary gold mineralization is hosted in silicified metavolcanics with the gold occurring in narrow quartz filled dilation zones, breccia zones and quartz vein stockworks in quartzites. The mineralization occurs as discrete lenses and lacks the continuity present in the North Shaft-Plant deposit. The Beta Boundary deposit was initially believed to have lower grades than the other Prestea deposits. However, this is not the case in the revised undiluted grade model although a large low-grade tonnage of sub-economic material has been delineated.
4.4 DEPOSIT TYPES
A multi-stage, multi-process hypothesis is necessary to explain the presence of gold mineralization within greenstone hosted gold lodes. Convective seawater circulation leached gold, silica and carbonates from the subsea tholeitic basalts which was passively discharged over large areas of the sea floor. In some places this discharge would result in pure chemical precipitates (low-grade auriferous exhalites) while in other areas, sediments or volcanic detritus would be deposited with the exhalites. These pre-enriched source rocks provided the source of gold during multiple stages of metamorphic remobilisation, re-deposition and further concentration. The host rocks are generally metamorphosed to greenschist facies or, occasionally to lower amphibolite facies in proximity to granitic intrusions.
Deposit models for disseminated gold mineralization in Precambrian shield greenstone terranes are dominated by metamorphic models. Two sub-types of the metamorphic model are described following:
Syngenetic gold may have originated by subsea hydrothermal processes with gold enriched solutions venting into basins and deposited with banded iron formations. Circulating seawater or heated meteoric waters may have provided the source fluids.
Alternatively, the gold may be epigenetic and its emplacement controlled by fluid/wall rock interactions. Gold and sulfide mineralization is generated by metamorphic devolatilization under greenschist facies
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conditions during prograde metamorphism. These conditions may concentrate fine grained carbon (possibly derived from algal mats) as can be seen in the carbonaceous phyllites present throughout the area.
Igneous derived hydrothermal processes associated with granitic complexes may co-incidently or subsequently remobilize the pre-concentrations of gold. Paragenetic studies (Mucke and Dzigbodi-Adjimah, 1994) at Obuasi and Prestea suggest that the mineralization may be of post-metamorphic origin.
Three types of gold-bearing orebodies have been identified along the Ashanti trend:
- Syngenetic disseminated sulfide types which are lithofacies controlled and may be regional in extent. Gold occurrences are associated with chemical sediments such as chert, manganese and carbon enriched sediments. The gold has been, locally, re-mobilized and or reconcentrated during multiple metamorphic events but has not been moved far from its vent source. Related to this are epigenetic disseminated sulfide types associated with the selvage of quartz veins.
- Quartz vein type of local, structurally controlled, epigenetic, gold occurrences. Gold-bearing fluids may have been generated during metamorphic devolatilization, however, fluid inclusion studies suggest that gold mineralization was emplaced at 250(degree)C-360(degree)C at pressures of 1 kb-4 kb (mesothermal conditions). Both igneous and metamorphic models (or a combination) could be invoked for this style of mineralization.
- Supergene oxide ores.
Exploration approaches differ, one focussing on lithologies, the other on structural setting. Superposition of different genetic systems is likely. Although there is some evidence for mesothermal fluid circulation we believe that the majority of the gold has been concentrated by metamorphic devolatilization and has not been moved far from its primary depositional source in banded iron formations.
On a regional scale, Leube, et al (1990), suggested that gold mines along the Ashanti trend correlate with the occurrence of chemical sediments with lithological controls operating at this scale although structures clearly control mineralization in vein type mineralization.
Work at Obuasi strongly suggests that all major ore bodies of both quartz vein type and sulfide types are structurally controlled by fissure development and folding.
Golden Star's exploration consultants believe that there are strong structural controls on the location of gold mineralization in the Prestea area. Major deposits on the Ashanti trend are located in proximity to major fault zones where the contact between Birimian sedimentary and volcanic units is in tectonic contact with Tarkwa Group rocks. The gold deposits are located on large-scale duplex structures at convex westward (left hand flexures) of the main shear zone. Golden Star's exploration consultants also believe that
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mineralization was deposited late in the evolution of the fault belt under mesothermal conditions as fluids circulated through dilation zones at moderate pressure.
Weathering extends down to a depth of 40 m although local topography has an impact. 10 m-15m of secondary clay alteration overlie 25 m-30 m of saprolite development.
4.4.1 Alteration
Regional metamorphic assemblages include chlorite and epidote in the volcanic rocks and sericite within the Tarkwaian metasediments. Regional scale alteration includes carbonitisation, silicification, sulphidation and enrichment in titanium minerals such as rutile, leucoxene and sphene.
Four hydrothermal alteration types are associated with Birimian gold occurrences. Graphite is found along fault surfaces, silicification of wall rocks and discrete quartz veins along fractures and carbonate alteration with siderite and ankerite predominating. Early carbonate alteration and silicification is suggested to have played a role in ground preparation.
4.5 MINERALIZATION
The various styles of mineralization present on the Bogoso-Prestea concession suggest a complex genetic history involving both metamorphic devolatilization as well as, possibly, subsequent hydrothermal re-mobilization and deposition. There are distinct variations in the refractory nature of the sulfide ore along strike which can only be explained by multiple phases of mineralizing fluids.
4.5.1 Bogoso
Mineralization in the Bogoso area falls into four styles:
- Graphitic shear zone mineralization in graphitic mylonites. This hosts 60% of the gold mineralization at Bogoso which is associated with arsenian pyrite and arsenopyrite.
- Carbonate mineralization. Carbonate altered rocks associated with the margins of faulted volcanic rocks. The gold grade increases with increasing arsenopyrite and arsenian pyrite concentration. Quartz-ankerite veins in a stockwork style are frequently associated with higher gold grades. This hosts approximately 25% of the gold resource and is prevalent in the Dumasi deposit and Chujah South deposit.
- Silicified rocks with disseminated and semi-massive pyrite cut by a variable stockwork along the Chujah footwall fault. Gold grades may run from 0.5 g/t-25 g/t.
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- Minor quartz veins occur at the Bogoso North deposit similar to that occurring to the south at Prestea. Visible gold is occasionally reported but the gold is usually associated with sulfides in close proximity to graphitic phyllites.
Primary gold mineralization occurs with +/- 1% arsenopyrite and +/- 5% pyrite with minor chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, galena and sphalerite. Gold distribution is reported to be as follows: 44% free particulate gold, 10% particulate gold locked in sulfide grains (which can liberated by ultrafine grinding), 39% in solid solution in arsenopyrite and pyrite which can only be liberated by oxidation and 7% locked in silica.
As in Prestea, weathering of the primary ore has a significant impact on enhancing the recovery of the refractory ore. Oxidized ore contains very fine gold which has been liberated by weathering of the sulfides.
4.5.2 Prestea
A significant study of the mineral paragenesis at Prestea and Obuasi (Mucke and Dzigbodi-Adjimah, 1994) postulated that all sulfides, associated carbonates and native gold are post-metamorphic in origin. Disseminated sulfide mineralization in wall rocks is not restricted to a particular lithology but rather with shearing, fracturing and foliations adjacent to ore channels. High concentrations of gold also occur at the contact of the quartz ore body with the wall rock. A third style of mineralization suggests that pre-existing native gold, arsenopyrite and pyrite may have been re-concentrated by SiO2-rich solutions.
Post-metamorphic mineral assemblages appear to occur in various generations suggesting multiple phases of mineralization. Mobilizing and transporting gold during metamorphic devolatilization requires the presence of available sulphur sourced from pyrite which decomposes to pyrrhotite, releasing sulphur. Paragenetic studies suggest that pyrite concentrations are secondary and may have resulted from pyritization of the pyrrhotite.
The refractory nature of the mineralization changes from north to south through the Bogoso-Prestea area. As far south as Buesichem and the northern part of North Shaft-Plant the gold contained in the sulfide ore is frequently occluded with arsenopyrite, arsenian pyrite and possibly chalcopyrite. South of Buesichem as you approach the North Shaft-Plant deposits the nature of the mineralization changes with the gold continuing to be associated with arsenopyrite but not occluded by it.
Bogoso Gold Limited intends, initially, to exploit remaining oxide resources in the Buesichem Main and Buesichem South deposits. These will provide feed to the existing mill at Bogoso. Transition ore in the North Shaft-Plant area has, locally, shown some preg-robbing characteristics. This may be due to a variable content of organic carbon vs. graphite or the presence of other preg-robbing species. Further test work is being completed in this regard. The graphite vs. organic carbon suggests the possibility of carbon species being transported and concentrated by metamorphic or hydrothermal fluids and possibly providing a reducing environment suitable for gold deposition.
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The Buesichem deposit consists of quartz, pyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite and various iron oxides. The sulfide ore is considered to be refractory with a CIL recovery of 72%. Diagnostic leaching produced recoveries of 60%-70%. Other leach tests have shown higher recoveries of up to 96% suggesting a highly variable nature to the orebody. Gold occurs in the <63 u only. Preg-robbing characteristics have been identified as a result of the presence of antimony, selenium and telurium.
Mineralogical studies have identified undeformed sulfide grains suggesting a post-deformational age for the mineralization. Gold is predominantly fine-grained (1 F-30 F) with up to 40% occluded in arsenopyrite and arsenian-pyrite.
The North Shaft-Plant deposit consists of arsenopyrite, organic carbon, graphite and antimony. Up to 20% of the gold is fine and occluded by pyrite and chalcopyrite and galena. Arsenopyrite is ubiquitous and is usually less than 0.5% but can range as high as 1.5% of the ore body. Limited mineralogical work conducted on the North Shaft portion of the deposit suggests that the North Shaft portion of the deposit may be more refractory due to a higher content of black shale (up to 90%), and, also a higher content of bismuth, arsenic and antimony which may act as cyanicides. The gold appears to coarsen to the south into the Plant deposit. The North Shaft sulfides give diagnostic leach results of 66%-70% and would be considered moderately refractory.
In the Plant deposit tetrahedrite is usually associated with gold mineralization, sphalerite, galena and chalcopyrite. Gold is coarse grained ranging from 10 F-70 F in the footwall and 20 F-300 F in the Mainreef. Gold grains up to 4 mm have been observed in the Mainreef. High organic carbon and graphite contents occurs with high-grade gold in the Mainreef but the two do not appear to be related.
Diagnostic leach work on the southern Plant sulfides suggests recoveries of 77-80% with CIL providing optimum recoveries of 84%. 60%-70% of the gold may be amenable to recovery by gravity methods. Flotation will concentrate the sulfides as well as the organic carbon and graphite. Final gold recoveries have been estimated to be between 83%-90%.
Limited mineralogical work has been conducted on the Beta Boundary deposit. Examination of the oxide material suggests that free gold occurs in the < 63 F and 63 F-149 F fractions. Quartz is the dominant mineral forming up to 70%-75% of the ore body with sulfide minerals including pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite and bornite. The ore does not appear to be refractory
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5.0 EXPLORATION
5.1 EXPLORATION PROGRAMS
Current exploration is focussed on delineating additional oxide resources at the Buesichem pit. 207 rotary air blast (RAB) drill holes have been completed since December, 2000. A 3,000 m reverse circulation (RC) drilling program commenced during the week of November 15, 2001. This program will be used to update the oxide resource statement.
A small RAB program has been completed on a soil geochemical anomaly at Brumasi north of the Ankobra River. This will be followed up by RC drilling upon completion of the Buesichem drilling program.
5.2 DRILLING
Barnex (Prestea) Limited, a subsidiary of JCI has an internal documented entitled Drill Sampling Protocol (dated November 2, 1998). This document is specific to the Prestea project and refers to approved drilling contractors, procedures for RC and diamond drilling, logging of chips and core, sample preparation on site, assays and laboratories, surveying, etc. AMCL is satisfied that the quality control procedures were routinely implemented and meet or exceed best practices within the exploration industry.
5.3 SAMPLE PREPARATION, ANALYSIS AND SECURITY
AMCL staff have reviewed BGL analytical protocols and quality control/quality assurance procedures on two separate occasions. BGL has a stated commitment to maintaining a high standard of quality in its analytical laboratory. BGL QA/QC procedures are designed to detect and address both gross errors and longer-term bias drift in assay results.
The following description of BGL routine quality control procedures is sourced directly from BGL's laboratory manual. AMCL has participated in assay procedures at the mine site laboratory and is satisfied that these procedures are routinely practiced.
5.3.1 Internal Controls
Routine quality assurance procedures include a random 1 in 20 (5%) re-split at the sample preparation stage, after crushing but prior to pulverization. These samples would be assayed on a subsequent fire run.
Quartz blasting of the pulverizer bowls and discs is used where there is the possibility of cross-contamination between sample suites. The quartz wash residue is retained and analyzed after every 20th sample along with clean quartz abrasive as a quartz blank.
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A normal fire-assay batch consists of 30 fusion pots comprised of 27 analytical samples, 1 repeat analytical sample, 1 blank and 1 standard. QA samples represent 16% of the fire-assay run. Plant process ore feed and residue samples are assayed in duplicate. Carbon samples are assayed in duplicate. Exploration samples with assay values reporting >2 ppm (g/t) are re-assayed from pulps.
All fire assays are completed by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The AAS unit is calibrated once per shift or three times per day. New standards are prepared and checked every fourth day. All balances are checked daily. Calibrations on all solution dispensers are checked and reset on every shift.
All fusion pots returning assay values > 5 ppm are discarded at the beginning of every shift with new fusion pots used for all plant samples. Screening tests are performed randomly on selected samples every week. Pulverizer bowls and discs are inspected for wear and replacement.
5.3.2 External Controls
BGL standards are externally prepared with assay values determined by round robin assay between end-users. BGL takes part in two monthly round robin analyses, one organized by SGS Laboratories (Ghana) and the second by Performance Laboratories (Ghana).
Records of all control tools and checks are maintained and available for inspection. AMCL has audited the QA/QC procedures and is satisfied that they are utilized.
5.4 BOGOSO EXPLORATION TARGETS
Limited additional oxide potential remains to be identified in the Bogoso portion of the concession.
The sulfide potential remains untested along approximately 75% of the Main Crush Zone. SRK believes that additional sulfide resources may exist south of the Marlu pit. South of the Main Chujah pit sulfide potential exists down-dip from current oxide mining. In fact, drilling has not been completed below a significant proportion of the oxide pits.
5.5 PRESTEA EXPLORATION TARGETS
A number of soil geochemical anomalies remain to be explored such as at Brumasi, north of the Ankobra River and at Bondaye-Tuappim. A small RAB program has been completed with a follow-up RC program planned. The exploration target is oxide resources on topographic highs south of the Buesichem deposit towards the Ankobra River.
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6.0 MINERAL RESOURCE AND MINERAL RESERVE ESTIMATES
6.1 MINERAL RESOURCES
In 1999 SRK (Johannesburg) conducted a major review of BGL resource and reserve estimation procedures. SRK continues to assist BGL with geostatistical evaluation and modelling using Gemcom(R) software. As part of its' due diligence an AMCL sister company IMC (Australia) Pty. Ltd conducted an audit of the Gemcom(R) files used to produce the volumetric and grade estimations which form the basis of the resource statements. SRK and BGL addressed IMC's comments in the latest resource statement. A further evaluation of the revised models was undertaken by Mr. J. McCrea, P.Geo..
Sulfide resource estimates for the sulfide feasibility study on the Bogoso portion of the concession were based on 1,139 reverse circulation drill holes (35,251 m), 517 diamond drill holes (52,654 m) and 5,941 rotary air blast holes (137,677 m). Included in this total, 221 new drill holes totalling 24,450 m of which 8,187 m of HQ or PQ core. This includes 1,110 m of oriented core for geotechnical and hydrogeological modelling. Resource estimates on the Prestea portion of the concession are based on drilling by JCI. Barnex (Prestea) Limited, a subsidiary of JCI completed 1,003 drill holes totalling 88,331 m of diamond, reverse circulation and rotary air blast drilling between July 1995 and April 1999. This was comprised of 48,604 m of reverse circulation drilling, 36,915 m of diamond drilling and 2,813 m of rotary air blast drilling and resulted in 95,182 analytical samples.
6.1.1 Published Resource Estimations
The latest published resource statement (which is the subject of this report) reported by Golden Star on October 02, 2001 for the combined Bogoso-Prestea concession is as follows:
TABLE 6.1
MEASURED MINERAL RESOURCES

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                                              GRADE        CONTAINED OUNCES
     MATERIAL              TONNES             (G/T)              (OZ)
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Oxide                       1029000           3.12               103,219
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Transition                   797000           3.43                87,891
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Sulfide                     1177000           3.62               136,986
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Refractory Sulfide          6767000           3.75               815,865
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TOTAL                     9,770,000           3.64             1,143,961
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TABLE 6.2
INDICATED MINERAL RESOURCES

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                                              GRADE        CONTAINED OUNCES
     MATERIAL                TONNES           (G/T)              (OZ)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oxide                         2747000         2.72             240,225
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Transition                    1495000         3.25             156,212
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Sulfide                       2775000         3.03             270,331
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Refractory Sulfide            3949000         3.11             394,856
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TOTAL                      10,966,000         3.01           1,061,624
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The total measured and indicated mineral resource for the Bogoso-Prestea concession is:
20,736,000 TONNES @ 3.31 g/t
for contained ounces of gold of 2,206,702.
The total measured and indicated mineral resource is equivalent to the mineralized material of American usage. As Golden Star is a reporting issuer in the United States it does not publically report inferred resources.
The resource statement was prepared under the supervision of Golden Star Qualified Person, Mr. S. Mitch Wasel. The cut-off grade was based on a gold price of US$300/oz and mining, processing costs and actual recoveries being achieved at Bogoso. No allowance has been made for mining dilution or mining loss and the estimate is therefore an in situ mineral resource.
Individual 1 m assay results have been subject to a top-cut set at the 97.5 percentile of the relevant database. The 1 m intervals are composited into 2 m intervals for geostatistical modelling using Kriging or inverse distance algorithms.
Approximately 90% of the samples were analyzed at external laboratories.
The global resource estimate is based on detailed geostatistical models for each deposit.
6.1.2 Re-evaluation of Resource Estimates
SRK completed a re-evaluation of the BGL-Prestea mineral resources during September/October 2001.
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The summary provided below is based on detailed work completed by SRK as part of the sulfide feasibility study and Prestea concession acquisition due diligence.
Prior to these new resource estimations, a geological re-evaluation of the Beta-Boundary resource was undertaken to evaluate what proportion of resources could be upgraded from the inferred category. Additional rotary air blast drilling (RAB) was completed on the Buesichem deposit to more fully evaluate the oxide resource potential, although, data from these wells has not yet been incorporated into the resource estimation. Depletion of oxide resources due to on-going mining activities was factored into the revised estimate.
All resource estimates are based on undiluted grades and therefore represent an in situ or "geological" resource estimate.
The revised mineral resource statement is presented below in Table 6.3.
TABLE 6.3
BGL-SRK RESOURCE ESTIMATE

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                         GRADE
                        CUT-OFF
   MATERIAL              (g/t)               MEASURED                         INDICATED                         INFERRED
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                              Grade    Contained                Grade    Contained               Grade    Contained
                                   Tonnage    (G/T)    Ounces Au   Tonnage      (g/t)    Ounces Au    Tonnage    (g/t)    Ounces Au
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OXIDES                    >1.6    1,454,354    3.38      158,044   2,130,492     2.65      181,517     581,767    2.67       49,940
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TRANSITION                >2.1      932,009    3.47      103,978   2,143,975     3.13      215,752     272,551    2.66       23,309
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REFRACTORY
SULFIDE                   >2.1    6,739,245    4.07      881,853   4,512,053     3.19      462,760   3,963,525     2.9      369,548
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NON-REFRACTORY
SULFIDE                   >1.6    2,657,850    3.29      281,136   4,638,036     2.82      420,508   1,290,208    2.54      105,362
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TOTALS                           11,783,458    3.76    1,425,011  13,424,556     2.97    1,280,536   6,108,051    2.79      548,159
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The total measured and indicated mineral resource for the Bogoso-Prestea concession is:
25,208,014 TONNES @ 3.34g/t
for contained ounces of gold of 2,705,547.
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The cut-off grade was based on a gold price of US$300/oz and mining, processing costs and actual recoveries being achieved at Bogoso. No allowance has been made for mining dilution or mining loss and the estimate is therefore an in situ mineral resource.
The revised resource estimation has more tonnes at a slightly higher grade than published in the October 02, 2001 press-release. In AMCL's opinion the revised resource estimate is reasonable. AMCL have reviewed both the geostatistical models and the volumetric and grade estimations and is satisfied that they are reasonable with minor comments in the discussion of each model.
6.2 MINERAL RESOURCES BY DEPOSIT
The summary resource estimate provided in Table 6.3 is based on detailed geostatistical models for each of several active or proposed pits. Table 6.4 provides a breakdown of resources by proposed or active pit. Cut-off grades were estimated using a US$300/oz gold price and approximate mining and processing costs and recoveries currently being achieved at the Bogoso plant. Refractory ore processing costs are derived from the sulfide feasibility study. Cut-off grades used are >1.6 g/t gold for oxides, >2.1 g/t gold for transition material and >2.1 g/t gold for fresh (sulfide) material. In Plant-North and Beta Boundary a cut-off of >1.6 g/t gold was used for fresh (sulfide) material due to its non-refractory nature. A discussion of the calculation methodology for each pit follows. The Beta -Boundary and Plant-North models initially incorporated dilution due to the use of a percentage rock type model. At the request of AMCL the resource estimates are in situ or "geological".
TABLE 6.4
BGL - PRESTEA TOTAL - RESOURCES - AS OF NOVEMBER 5, 2001

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                                                     MEASURED                        INDICATED                     INFERRED
                                            ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                GRADE                 GRADE      OUNCES                GRADE      OUNCES             GRADE    OUNCES
    DEPOSIT       MATERIAL     CUT-OFF      TONNAGE   g/t Au       Au      TONNAGE     g/t Au       Au      TONNAGE  g/t Au     Au
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHUJAH SOUTH     Oxides      >1.6 g/t Au      47,334   3.93       5,981     121,291    2.63       10,256     16,899  2.32      1,260
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                 Transition  >2.1 g/t Au     129,775   3.61      15,062     199,499     3.3       21,166     16,515   2.8      1,487
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                 Fresh       >2.1 g/t Au     334,309   3.84      41,273     426,653    3.33       45,678    800,104   3.3     84,889
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CHUJAH DUMASI    Oxides      >1.6 g/t Au     141,563   2.99      13,609     157,705     2.5       12,676     37,569  1.81      2,186
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Transition  >2.1 g/t Au     418,147   3.38      45,440     269,561    2.88       24,960     71,965  2.95      6,825
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                 Fresh       >2.1 g/t Au   4,934,937   4.13     655,273   1,206,358    3.24      125,664  2,270,815  2.84    207,344
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BOGOSO NORTH     Oxides      >1.6 g/t Au           0      0           0     100,524    3.39       10,956      8,788  3.32        938
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                 Transition  >2.1 g/t Au           0      0           0     372,880    3.69       44,237        496  2.87         46
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Fresh       >2.1 g/t Au     843,074   4.29     116,282     551,717    3.72       65,986     51,181  3.28      5,397
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BETA-BOUNDARY    Oxides      >1.6 g/t Au           0      0           0   1,327,294    2.54      108,391    405,636  2.79     36,386
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                 Transition  >1.6 g/t Au           0      0           0     628,553    3.07       62,040     94,202  2.11      6,390
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                 Fresh       >1.6 g/t Au           0      0           0   4,139,734    2.81      373,998  1,234,275  2.54    100,794
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PLANT NORTH      Oxides      >1.6 g/t Au     969,835   3.65     113,810     148,760    3.05       14,587     10,940  1.95        686
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Transition  >2.1 g/t Au     242,313   3.42      26,644      54,020    2.63        4,568      8,523  2.15        589
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Fresh       >1.6 g/t Au   2,657,850   3.29     281,136     498,302    2.97       47,582     55,933  2.58      4,640
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BUESICHEM        Oxides      >1.6 g/t Au     295,622   2.58      24,522     274,918    2.76       24,395    101,935  2.59      8,488
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Transition  >2.1 g/t Au     141,774   3.46      15,771     619,462    2.96       58,952     80,850  3.08      8,006
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Fresh       >2.1 g/t Au     626,925   3.40      68,531   2,327,325      3       224,476    841,425  2.65     71,689
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Total
                 Material                 11,783,458   3.76   1,423,334  13,424,556    2.99    1,280,567  6,108,051  2.79    548,041
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Figure 6.1 (Map Pocket at rear) is the compiled surface plan for Bogoso-North (Marlu), Figure 6.2-North 1/2 and South 1/2 (Map Pocket at rear) are the compiled surface plans for Chujah-Dumasi, and, Figure 6.3 (Map Pocket at rear) is the compiled surface plan for Chujah South. All plans illustrating the location of drill holes used in the resource assessment with ore body outlines. Figures 6.4-6.27 (at rear of this section) are representative sections through various ore bodies from the resource models with proposed pit outlines. It should be noted that the optimized pit outlines on Figures 6.4-6.27 are illustrative only as they are based on previous optimization runs at a gold price of US$290/oz. Current reserves have been estimated at a gold price of US$275/oz.
6.2.1 Specific Gravity Determinations
As part of the sulfide feasibility study 506 samples (464 fresh, 17 transition and 25 oxide) were collected from representative lithologies for specific gravity determination. The samples were coated in wax and weighed in air and water.
Specific gravities from samples collected at Bogoso-North (Marlu) and Chujah-Dumasi indicated that they are generally lower at Bogoso-North, perhaps due to hydrothermal alteration or more intensive weathering.
6.2.2 Grade Reconciliations
On-going grade reconciliation between the current grade models with actual tonnes mined and grades reported by the mining department are summarized following. Grade control within the mine has consistently overestimated grade relative to that determined by the plant by 6%-7% (through May 2001). The inverse distance squared model technique has historically underestimated tonnes by 13% and grade (relative to grade control) by 7%. Relative to plant grades the modelled grades have been underestimated by 1%. No information is available to reconcile the current Kriged resource models.
For information purposes Table 6.5 provides a summary of resources as at November 05, 2001 by concession for Bogoso and Prestea separately.
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TABLE 6.5
TOTAL-RESOURCES BY CONCESSION

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                                                     MEASURED                       INDICATED                     INFERRED
                                           -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                 GRADE                GRADE    OUNCES                 GRADE   OUNCES               GRADE   OUNCES
    DEPOSIT        MATERIAL     CUT-OFF     TONNAGE   g/t Au     Au         TONNAGE   g/t Au    Au       TONNAGE   g/t Au    Au
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BOGOSO         Oxides         >1.6 g/t       188,897   3.22    19,556        379,520   2.78    33,921      63,256   2.85     5,796
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Transition     >2.1 g/t       547,921   3.44    60,599        841,940   3.34    90,410      88,976   2.92     8,353
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Fresh          >2.1 g/t     6,112,320   4.14   813,574      2,184,728   3.38   237,413   3,122,100   2.97   298,122
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Sub-total                                  6,849,138   4.06   893,729      3,406,188   3.30   361,745   3,274,332   2.95   312,271
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PRESTEA        Oxides         >1.6 g/t     1,265,457   3.40   138,330      1,750,972   2.62   147,493     518,511   2.73    45,510
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Transition     >2.1 g/t       384,087   3.44    42,479      1,302,036   3.00   125,584     183,575   2.54    14,991
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Fresh          >1.6 g/t     3,284,775   3.31   349,562      6,965,361   2.88   644,951   2,131,633   2.58   176,817
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sub-total                                  4,934,319   3.34   530,372     10,018,369   2.85   918,028   2,833,719   2.61   237,318
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Resources in the Bogoso portion of the concession have been previously reported, are well understood and are supported by independent technical reports prepared by SRK. While AMCL has reviewed all of the models we have selected several, particularly, on the Prestea Concession for detailed audit and comment. Deposits reviewed in detail include Chujah-South (Bogoso), Beta Boundary and Plant-North (Prestea).
6.2.3 Chujah-South Deposit
The Chujah-South resource estimation was completed in May of 2001 by BGL staff and is current as of September 2001 month end. The model is an inverse distance squared model based on Gemcom(R) software. Drill hole cross-sections were defined every 12.5 m with the block model oriented parallel to the strike of the mineralization using individual block dimensions of 12.5m north-south along strike, 3 m east-west perpendicular to strike and 3 m vertical (normal mining bench height).
Mineralized corridors were defined using assays from 211 face samples, 2,055 rotary air blast holes, 394 reverse circulation drill holes, 35 diamond drill holes and 414 grade control bulldozer rip lines.
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Bogoso's description of the modelling procedures follow.
A gold content of >1.0 g/t was used as an envelope for high-grade mineralization and a >0.3 g/t envelope used for low-grade mineralization. Grades were interpolated into mineralized blocks using 2 m composite drill hole assays. Prior to grade interpolation the block model was divided into ten different modelling domains high-grade and five different domains for low-grade. Geo-statistical analyses were done on 8,393 2 m composite drill hole assay data points. RAB, RC and DDH drill hole data showed a similar distribution and were modelled together. Oxide zones are depleted in gold and were not used to interpolate grades into transition or sulfide (fresh) blocks.
Specific gravities of 1.9 for oxides, 2.2 for transition and 2.7 for fresh (sulfide) ore were used.
No semi-variogram analysis was conducted for the current model. Previous semi-variogram analysis indicated good grade continuity along strike and down-dip with correlation distances along strike of 20 m-35 m, down-dip distances of 25 m-30 m, and, perpendicular to strike distances of 10 m-15 m. In areas where the drill hole spacing was greater than 25 m, a 60 m distance was used both down-dip and along strike. These blocks would be classified as indicated or inferred resources depending on the number of composites available for grade determination.
High-grade caps were determined by log-probability plots and were -21 g/t of gold in the Main Crush Zone and -12 g/t of gold in the low-grade mineralized corridors. High-grade caps were determined for each individual domain and ranged from 9 g/t-21 g/t of gold in the MCZ and 1.5 g/t-12 g/t of gold in the low-grade corridor.
Grade was interpolated into individual mineralized blocks using an inverse distance squared algorithm using two search ellipse passes. The second pass utilized search ellipses with distances twice the length of the first pass. Grades interpolated during the second pass were given a lower confidence level.
Measured resources were estimated where grades were interpolated using a restricted, short-range ellipse (25 m along strike and down-dip, and, 10 m perpendicular to strike) and had a minimum of six 2 m drill hole assay composites.
Indicated resources were also estimated during the restricted, short range ellipse search. The only difference is that a minimum of two and a maximum of five 2 m drill hole assay composites were used in the interpolation.
Inferred blocks were estimated during the second search ellipse path using 60 m along strike and down-dip and 10 m perpendicular to strike.
AMCL's comments on the validity of the model follow.
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Gold mineralization at Chujah South is associated with the intersection of two structures, the Chujah footwall fault, which runs sub-parallel to the Main Crush Zone, and an easterly trending splay that intersects the bounding fault with the Tarkwaian fault. The Deposit has a strike length of 650 m with an orientation of 025o, for the Main Crush Zone, dipping to the west at -55E to -65(degree). The footwall structures dip steeply to the west at -75E to -85(degree). Low Grade Zone structures have shallow dips to the west. The Main Crush Zone was modelled as a series of continuous sub-parallel structures covering the model area. The Low Grade Zone is two narrow continuous deposits with a strike length of 200 m.
The deposit geology was modelled on 12.5 m cross-sections using 2D polylines to trace the geologic contacts of the mineralized structures. The 2D polylines were stitched together to form 3D solid body models. Solid models were created for Main Crush Zone and the Low Grade Zone. These geologic solids models were used to filter composites for statistical analysis and to create the rock-type model. The rock-type model was used to control grade interpolation during grade modelling.
Statistical and geostatistical analysis of the sample data for the Chujah South model consisted of histogram and probability plot analysis. Historic variogram analyses from an earlier round of resource and reserve modelling were re-applied to the current model. The Main Crush Zone and the Low Grade Zone were subdivided into 15 domains where each domain was analyzed separately. Histograms and probability plots were produced for all domains. Composite cutting levels were picked for each domain based on the data contained in that domain.
Composites were capped during the grade interpolation process. The grades for the Main Crush Zone were capped at 9 g/t to 21 g/t depending on domain and the Low Grade Zone was capped at 1.5 g/t to 12g/t. These composite capping values appear to be adequate but could not be checked in detail because of time constraints and a lack of detailed parameters for the domains.
Grade interpolation was completed using inverse distance squared method. A minimum of 3 and a maximum of 12 composites were required to assign grade to a block. The high-grade composites were capped to minimize the influence of these composites. Expanded searches were utilized to fill blocks left blank after the first pass interpolation and these blocks are classified as inferred.
AMCL has graphed bench grade (predicted model grade) vs composite grade and number of samples (Figures 6.38 and 6.39) with and without the influence of the low-grade zone. The search parameters used for grade interpolation are quite conservative. Updating the variogram analysis should increase the search ranges and improve the resource classification of the deposit.
The deposit remains open at depth.
6.2.4 Chujah-Dumasi Deposit
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The Chujah-Dumasi resource estimation was completed by BGL and SRK staff in a joint effort. M. Wasel and Dr. J. Arthur were the BGL and SRK Qualified Persons, respectively. Utilizing Gemcom(R) software mineralized corridors (defined on raw assay data, not composites) were defined in the same manner as Chujah-South. An additional high-grade mineralized corridor where gold content >3.0 g/t was developed for Chujah-Main and Dumasi. Four high-grade lenticular corridors in the Main Crush Zone were identified within the limits of the model, Chujah-Main, Chujah Stage 3, Dumase-Main, and, Dumasi North.
Bogoso's description of the modelling procedures follow.
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FIGURE 6.38
CHUJAH SOUTH MODEL;
BENCH GRADE VS. COMPOSITE GRADES AND NUMBER OF COMPOSITES,
LOW GRADE ZONE INCLUDED
[BENCH GRADE VS. COMPOSITE GRADES AND NUMBER OF COMPOSITES CHART]

BENCH                                   COMPOSITE         NO. OF
GRADE                                     GRADE         COMPOSITES
5120                                          0              27
5111                                       1.49              38
5102                                        1.8              54
5093                                        2.2              49
5084                                       2.31              69
5075                                       2.12              95
5066                                       2.28             129
5057                                       2.29             140
5048                                       2.39              86
5039                                       2.52              49
5030                                       2.55              26
5021                                        2.5              13
5012                                        2.4              15
5003                                       2.38              10
4994                                       2.46              11
4985                                       2.64               5
4976                                       2.52               4
4967                                       2.52               2
4958                                       2.72               0
4949                                       2.32               0
4940                                       2.68               0	

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FIGURE 6.39
CHUJAH SOUTH MODEL;
BENCH GRADE VS. COMPOSITE GRADES AND NUMBER OF COMPOSITES,
LOW GRADE ZONE EXCLUDED.
[BENCH GRADE VS. COMPOSITE GRADES AND NUMBER OF COMPOSITES CHART]

BENCH                                   COMPOSITE         NO. OF
GRADE                                     GRADE         COMPOSITES
 5117                                      0             18
 5111                                   1.49             38
 5105                                   1.56             58
 5099                                    2.4             71
 5093                                    2.2             49
 5087                                   2.57             92
 5081                                   2.16             86
 5075                                   2.12             95
 5069                                   2.31            156
 5063                                   2.17            159
 5057                                   2.29            140
 5051                                   2.39             95
 5045                                   2.47             44
 5039                                   2.52             49
 5033                                   2.55             37
 5027                                   2.53             24
 5021                                    2.5             13
 5015                                   2.42             17
 5009                                   2.39             19
 5003                                   2.38             10
 4997                                   2.43             13
 4991                                   2.51             12
 4985                                   2.64              5
 4979                                   2.57              4
 4973                                   2.53              3
 4967                                   2.52              2
 4961                                   2.71              0
 4955                                   2.79              0
 4949                                   2.32              0
 4943                                   2.58              0
 4937                                   1.61              0
 4934                                   1.54              0	

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Cross-sections were developed every 12.5 m over the central portion of the model, with cross-sections spaced at 25 m in the northern and southern ends of the modelled area. The >3.0 g/t high-grade zone was modelled on 18 m spaced plan views as well as on 12.5 m spaced cross-sections. The high-grade zone was modelled in 3D wire mesh solid using plans and sections to more accurately assess the geometry of the zone.
The Main Crush Zone mineralized corridor, >1.0 g/t of gold, can be traced along the entire modelled strike length with lower-grade mineralization occurring as a halo and the high-grade core occurring as lenticular bodies, open at depth with a strike length of 200 m-400m.
Oxide-transition surfaces were interpreted based on colour and the transition-fresh surface interpreted from hardness, colour and the first occurrence of sulfide minerals. Topographic surfaces were determined from mine surveys or digital terrain models based on aerial photography.
Specific gravities of 1.9 for oxides, 2.2 for transition and 2.7 for fresh (sulfide) ore were used.
The Chujah-Dumasi model was created using a partial block model with no model rotation. Individual block model dimensions of 12.5 m north-south, along strike, 5 m east-west, perpendicular to strike and 6 m in depth. Several block models and subsequent grade interpolations were undertaken using a Kriging algorithm. One resource model was generated using a bulk mining scenario with mineralized corridors based on a > 1.0 g/t and >0.3 g/t gold contours. A high-grade mining approach was considered more appropriate for the deposit and it was subsequently re-modelled using a >3.0 g/t gold cut-off. This model was used for subsequent pit optimizations.
6.2.5 Bogoso-North (Marlu) Deposits
During the sulfide feasibility study The Bogoso-North model was extended south approximately 1 km to include the old Marlu adit and drill hole data which suggested that a zone of high-grade mineralization existed.
A description of the modelling procedures follow.
As in the Chujah-Dumasi models the mineralized envelopes were defined using raw assay data not composites on 12.5 m spaced cross-sections. All assay data were used to establish the mineralized envelopes but only RAB, RC, adit and DDH data were used for grade interpolation. Two mineralized envelopes within the Main Crush Zone were modelled, a >1.0 g/t gold zone and a >0.3 g/t gold halo.
The low-grade halo is present throughout the strike length of the mineralization, however, the high-grade zone occurs as two lenses, Marlu and Bogoso-North separated by a barren zone. The Marlu solid consist of a single body narrowing with depth while the Bogoso-North solid is comprised of shallow dipping footwall and hanging wall structures which diverge and converge along strike.
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The determination of the degree of oxidation was done in a similar manner to Chujah-Dumasi with the addition of metallurgical recovery data in the transition zone. No oxide resources remain in the old Marlu pit. Topographic surfaces were determined from mine surveys or digital terrain models based on aerial photography.
Similar to the Chujah-Dumasi model the Bogoso-North Marlu block model was created using a partial block model with no model rotation. Individual block model dimensions of 12.5 m north-south, along strike, 5 m east-west, perpendicular to strike and 6 m in depth. Several block models and subsequent grade interpolations were undertaken using a Kriging algorithm.
6.2.6 Buesichem Deposit
The topography of the mined surface at Buesichem was re-surveyed by BGL as part of its due diligence in consideration of the Prestea acquisition. A topographic surface based on combined JCI and BGL survey data and a BGL digital terrain model was used for the resources estimate. A RAB drilling program was completed as part of BGL due diligence and the results will be integrated into the resource estimation along with data from RC drilling.
Figure 6.28 (Map Pocket at rear) is a compiled surface plan for the Buesichem deposit illustrating the location of drill holes used in the resource determination with ore body geometry. Figures 6.29-6.30 (at rear of section) are representative sections through the deposit from the resource model with proposed pit outlines.
A description of the modelling procedures follow.
The geometry of the mineralized envelope was initially determined on 25 m cross-sections and a 3D wire mesh solid created. The solid was sliced at 10 m intervals in plan view and contacts adjusted to fit the drill holes. Once the contacts were adjusted in plan view a revised 3D wire mesh solid was created. and clipped with the revised topographic surface. BGL interpreted the oxide-transition and transition-fresh surfaces using parameters previously described. Block models were created for rock type, density and gold grade. The model has not been rotated. Individual block sizes were 12.5 m north-south along strike, 5 m east-west perpendicular to strike and 6 m in height. The model is not a partial block model and blocks received solid rock codes if 50% of their volume occurred within the solid.
Drill hole data was analyzed geostatistically and grades were interpolated using ordinary Kriging. The model was restricted to estimating above a relative level of 4870 m ( approximately150 m in depth below sea-level or 200 m in depth below surface topography).
AMCL's comments on the validity of the model follow.
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The Buesichem gold mineralization occurs 8 kilometres north-northeast of the Plant and North deposit. The modelled ore body at Buesichem consists of three discontinuous deposits identified along a north to north northeast trending structure. The deposit strikes from 000(degree) to 020(degree) north to south and dips to the west at 60(degree). The deposit is drilled off on an irregular grid with a 25 to 50 metre drill hole spacing.
The deposit geology was modelled on 25 metre cross-sections along strike using 2D polylines to trace the geologic contacts of the Main Crush Zone. The 2D polylines were stitched together to form 3D solid body models. The solids were edited in plan view and the sectional interpretations were corrected to fit the true 3D drill hole locations. These geologic solids models were used to create the rock-type model and the rock-type model was used to control grade interpolation during kriging. (Figure 6.40).
Geostatistical and statistical analysis of the composite data for the Buesichem model included classical statistics and variogram modelling. Histograms of the Main Crush zone were completed and the sulfide, transition and oxide zones were combined for variogram modelling purposes. Composites were not capped for variogram analysis but left unmodified. The distribution of composite grades is near log normal, which indicates a minimal number of high-grade outliers.
Variogram analysis consisted of modelling of omni-directional variograms and directional variograms in the plane of the ore body. The omni-directional variograms returned short ranges of continuity within the ore body. The directional variograms produced better ranges and were used for the interpolation of grade into the model. The variograms were reproducible and achieved satisfactory results for grade interpolation.
Grade interpolation was completed using ordinary kriging. Composites from any domain of weathering were allowed to "see" composites in adjacent domains. A minimum of 5 and a maximum of 36 composites were required to assign grade to a block for the first pass, then the minimum number of composites drops to two for the second kriging pass and to one for the final long-range pass. The high-grade composites were not capped and no methodology was applied to minimize the influence of these composites. This high-grade influence could over state grade in the upper portions of the model were the data points are reported to be clustered or where the search parameters allow a low density of composites to assign grade to a block. The validation plot produced for the Buesichem model shows a slight increase in grade in the upper portion of the model were there are few data points but over all the effects of the high-grade composites appear to be minimized.
Generally the modelling of the Buesichem deposit conforms to standard industry practice. The uncapped composites used during kriging could present a problem if they overstate grade in the oxide or transition domains of the deposit. The model should be checked to insure that the grade interpolated in the upper portion of the model is appropriate and if necessary the composite grades should be capped at a reasonable level to correct the model.
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The Buesichem resource model will be updated using approximately 180 RAB holes (collared on a 12.5 m nominal spacing on a 25 m section spacing) and 50 RC holes totalling 3,000 m. The RAB holes are being used for grade control in advance of current mining.
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FIGURE 6.40
BUESICHEM MODEL:
BENCH GRADE VS COMPOSITE GRADE AND NUMBER OF COMPOSITES
[BENCH GRADE VS COMPOSITE GRADE AND NUMBER OF COMPOSITES CHART]

BENCH                                   COMPOSITE         NO. OF
GRADE                                     GRADE         COMPOSITES
 5098                                      1.03             0
 5086                                      1.74             3
 5074                                      1.84            12
 5062                                         2            36
 5050                                       2.3            54
 5038                                      2.47            21
 5026                                      2.65             6
 5014                                       2.2            13
 5002                                       2.5            22
 4990                                      2.45            15
 4978                                      2.35            10
 4966                                      2.35            14
 4954                                      2.35            21
 4942                                      2.33            20
 4930                                       2.4            12
 4918                                      2.42            11
 4906                                      2.42            11
 4894                                      2.38             4
 4882                                       2.4             4
 4870                                      2.32             0
 4858                                      2.35             0
 4846                                      2.33             0
 4834                                      2.42             0
 4822                                      2.29             0
 4810                                      1.18             0	

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6.2.7 Beta Boundary Deposit
The Beta Boundary model is based on 11 surface diamond drill holes, 338 reverse circulation drill holes, 121 reverse circulation drill holes with diamond core tails as well as a number of surface trenches, underground diamond drill holes (7) and underground cross-cut wall samples not used for resource estimation. Trench data has been used in modelling the Mainreef where a reasonable correlation between topography and the surveyed location could be achieved. The model was restricted to estimating above a relative level of 4870 m ( approximately150 m in depth below sea-level or 200 m in depth below surface topography).
Figure 6.31 (Map Pocket at rear) is a compiled surface plan for the Beta Boundary deposit illustrating the location of drill holes used in the resource determination with ore body geometry. Figures 6.32-6.34 (at rear of section) are representative sections through the deposit from the resource model with proposed pit outlines.
A total of three orebodies have been defined at Beta Boundary consisting of the Eastreef, Mainreef (Main Crush Zone) and the Westreef. The mineralized zones were established using all available raw assay data at a >1.0 g/t gold cut-off. A low-grade halo that forms an envelope around the high-grade ore bodies was modelled with a cut-off of >0.2 g/t gold.
The Mainreef has been modelled as a thin continuous zone extending over 3 km along strike and dipping at 70E-80E to the west. The Eastreef also extends for some 3 km in the immediate footwall of the MCZ. The Westreef occurs as a discontinuous zone of hanging wall mineralization which has been assigned an arbitrary grade of 0.9 g/t. Effectively, Westreef was modelled as a polygonal solid and the resource estimates are not comparable with Mainreef and Eastreef. However, as the Westreef is largely below the cut-off grade it has almost no impact on the estimation of inferred resources.
SRK believes that there are some inconsistencies in the topographic surfaces, however, they should not have a significant effect on the resource volumes.
A description of the modelling procedures follows.
The model was constructed using blocks that are 25 m north-south along strike, 5 m east-west perpendicular to strike and 6 m vertically. Two block models were created, one for density and the other for percent material type. Percent material and density blocks for fresh, transition, waste and oxide material were used to generate a final corrected density model. A needle accuracy of 4 (16 pierce points) and a 0.1% block inclusion were used for both density and rock type models.
Gold grades were interpolated into the block model using ordinary Kriging algorithms. Seven first pass ellipses and three long-distance second pass ellipses were used to interpolate grades. The first-pass ellipses were base on semi-variogram modelling. A minimum of five and a maximum of thirty-six composite grades
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were used for block interpolation. For the initial resource estimates, grade interpolation was conducted for each mineralized zone and an adjusted gold grade created by multiplying the gold grade by the percentage mineralization in a given block. This results in a diluted grade model which will not require additional dilution when converted to a reserve. The model was subsequently re-run to produce an undiluted estimate. In the re-run no weighting was assigned to the low-grade and waste solids to remove the dilution.
Several areas were noted in the first pass which had insufficient drilling to interpolate gold grades. In the second, larger search fresh and transition material composite grades were used for interpolation.
Blocks interpolated from the long distance search ellipses are classified as inferred resources. The majority of resources were classified as indicated. AMCL concurs with the conclusion that there are currently no measured resources in the Beta Boundary deposit. Re-classification of the resource is ongoing and will require further validation of the data base.
AMCL's comments on the validity of the model follow.
The deposit geology was modelled on cross-sections using 2D polylines to trace the geologic contacts of the mineralized structures. The 2D polylines were stitched together to form 3D solid body models. Solid models were created for Mainreef, Eastreef, Westreef and the Low Grade Zone. The solids were examined in plan view and the sectional interpretations were corrected to better fit the true 3D drill hole locations. These geologic solids were used to create the rock-type model and filter samples for statistical analysis. The rock-type model was used to control grade interpolation.
Statistical and geostatistical analysis of the sample data for the Beta Boundary model consisted of univariant or classical statistics and variogram modelling. The two main zones: Eastreef and Mainreef as well as the low-grade zone were analyzed. The Westreef did not have sufficient data points to allow analysis. Histograms of the three zones were completed. The sulfide and transition zones of the Eastreef and Mainreef were combined, as were the oxide and transition zones of the Low Grade Zone. Sample cutting levels were picked and variogram analyses were completed on the three zones.
Grade capping of composites was implemented for variogram analysis only. The capping levels chosen were: five grams for the Eastreef sulfide and transition zones, seven grams for the Mainreef oxide zone and ten grams for the Eastreef oxide and Mainreef sulfide and transition zones. The chosen capping levels range from the approximately the 93rd percentile for Mainreef oxide and the south half of the Eastreef sulfide/transition zone to the 98th percentile for north half of the Eastreef sulfide/transition zone and the Eastreef oxide zone. These capping levels were used as search modifiers during grade interpolation. Composite values above the capping levels utilized a restricted search during kriging. These composite cutting levels appear to be somewhat arbitrary in relation to the composite populations.
Variogram analysis consisted of the modelling of omni-directional variograms in the plane of the ore bodies and down hole variograms. The down hole variograms give the best determination of nugget effect and the
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omni-directional variograms give a range of continuity. Though the variogram analysis was not exhaustive it did produce adequate results for grade interpolation.
Grade interpolation was completed using ordinary kriging. A minimum of 5 and a maximum of 36 composites were required to assign grade to a block. The high-grade composites were not cut but a restricted search was applied to minimize the influence of these composites. The choice of the search range for the high-grade composites was half the distance of the original search or in cases with nested spherical models the short-range model was used. Even with restricted searches the high-grade values could have an influence beyond the block which contains these high-grade values. This high-grade influence could over state grade especially in areas of low data density. AMCL has graphed bench grade (predicted model grade) vs composite grade and number of samples (Figures 6.41 and 6.42) with and without the influence of the low-grade zone. This suggests that there may be minor areas where the bench grade has been overestimated in areas of low sample density. The model should be validated to insure that this has not happened and if it has the composite grades should be capped at some reasonable level.
Generally the modelling of the Beta Boundary deposit conforms to standard industry practice. The only minor problem being the high-grade searches and verifying that these do not over influence grade around the high grade values.
6.2.8 Plant-North Deposits
The Plant-North deposits lie in the centre of the Prestea concession in the area of the PGR process plant and tailings dam. Near surface drilling is poor but the area as a whole is better drilled than Beta Boundary.
A total of 180 drill holes comprised of 129 reverse circulation, 48 reverse circulation with diamond tails and 3 diamond drill holes were included in the data base. Samples where the recovery was less than 70% were excluded from the model.
Figure 6.35 (Map Pocket at rear) is a compiled surface plan for the Plant-North deposit illustrating the location of drill holes used in the resource determination with ore body geometry. Figures 6.36-6.37 (at rear of section) are representative sections through the deposit from the resource model with proposed pit outlines.
A description of the modelling procedures follow.
The orebody has been modelled as a continuous 30 m thick low-grade zone over 1.7 km of strike length with a contained Main Crush Zone 5 m-20 m thick over 1.3 km. The MCZ occasionally bifurcates to two zones and dips at 55E-60E.
Data from the Main Crush Zone was capped at 10 g/t and from the low-grade zone at 6 g/t to reduce the variance in the data sets sufficiently to permit semi-variogram analysis. Down-dip data was insufficient to allow directional variograms.
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FIGURE 6.41
BETA BOUNDARY MODEL:
BENCH GRADE VS COMPOSITE GRADE AND NUMBER OF COMPOSITES, WITH LOW GRADE ZONE
[BENCH GRADE VS COMPOSITE GRADE AND NUMBER OF COMPOSITES CHART]

BENCH                                   COMPOSITE         NO. OF
GRADE                                     GRADE         COMPOSITES
 5123                                      0.07              0
 5117                                      0.15              0
 5111                                      0.24              0
 5105                                      0.26             22
 5099                                      0.39             18
 5093                                      0.46             34
 5087                                      0.57             70
 5081                                      0.65            102
 5075                                      0.69            138
 5069                                      0.76            225
 5063                                      0.83            256
 5057                                      0.83            278
 5051                                      0.81            286
 5045                                      0.79            250
 5039                                      0.78            295
 5033                                      0.76            330
 5027                                      0.77            324
 5021                                      0.81            340
 5015                                      0.84            334
 5009                                      0.86            264
 5003                                      0.87            231
 4997                                      0.88            198
 4991                                      0.86            163
 4985                                      0.84            128
 4979                                      0.82            126
 4973                                      0.79            123
 4967                                      0.76             90
 4961                                      0.74             80
 4955                                      0.73             62
 4949                                      0.71             60
 4943                                      0.71             40
 4937                                       0.7             40
 4931                                      0.68             26
 4925                                      0.67             30
 4919                                      0.63             31
 4913                                      0.61             25
 4907                                      0.61             18
 4901                                      0.61             11
 4895                                      0.59             12
 4889                                      0.56             10
 4883                                      0.55             12
 4877                                      0.56            110
 4871                                      0.57             19	

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FIGURE 6.42
BETA BOUNDARY MODEL:
BENCH GRADE VS COMPOSITE GRADE AND NUMBER OF COMPOSITES, NO LOW GRADE ZONE
[BENCH GRADE VS COMPOSITE GRADE AND NUMBER OF COMPOSITES CHART]

BENCH                                   COMPOSITE         NO. OF
GRADE                                     GRADE         COMPOSITES
 5123                                      0.83               0
 5111                                      0.99               0
 5099                                      1.18               8
 5087                                      1.39              22
 5075                                      1.51              52
 5063                                      1.38             103
 5051                                      1.37              97
 5039                                      1.53              77
 5027                                      1.65              92
 5015                                      1.63              89
 5003                                      1.51              63
 4991                                      1.43              42
 4979                                      1.37              30
 4967                                       1.3              17
 4955                                      1.32               3
 4943                                      1.29               5
 4931                                      1.26               3
 4919                                       1.2               3
 4907                                      1.17               6
 4895                                      1.12               4
 4883                                      1.23               3
 4871                                      1.23               0	

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Original JCI topographic surfaces were used in the model. The mineralized corridors were created in a similar fashion to the Beta Boundary model. The extent of underground mining has not been incorporated into the current model. A block size of 12.5 m north-south along strike, 5 m east-west perpendicular to strike and 6 m vertically was used. The model was restricted to estimating above a relative level of 4870 m ( approximately150 m in depth below sea-level or 200 m in depth below surface topography).
Gold grades were interpolated into the block model using ordinary Kriging for both the Main Crush Zone and low-grade zone. A single modelling domain was used for the Main Crush Zone with a restricted and a long range search ellipse. The low-grade zone used a single restricted search ellipse. All search ellipses used a minimum of fifty 2 m drill hole composite grades per hole and a minimum of 5 and maximum of 36 composite grades for block interpolation. Semi-variogram modelling determined the search ellipse parameters for the restricted search. The long-distance, second search used the same semi-variogram weighting but extended the search along strike and down-dip. The results of the second long distance search are classified as inferred resources. High-grade cutting of 2 m composites was not implemented but they were eliminated from the semi-variogram data.
Initially, grade interpolation was conducted for each mineralized zone and an adjusted gold grade created by multiplying the gold grade by the percentage mineralization in a given block. This results in a diluted grade model which will not require additional dilution when converted to a reserve. The resource estimate was re-run with no weighting assigned to the waste blocks to provide an undiluted, in situ or "geological" tonnage and grade.
The initial resource classification was based on the density of drill data used for the interpolation of each mineralized block. Blocks where grades were interpolated during the first, restricted search ellipse were allocated to the indicated class. A portion of the indicated blocks were reclassified as measured if more than 15 composite grades were used for the interpolation. Block grades interpolated during the second, long-distance search were classified as inferred. Blocks which extend greater than 25 m down-dip are reclassified as inferred.
SRK considers that the Plant-North mineralization is the most continuous and robust within the Prestea concession. Oxide zone drilling has been limited by infrastructure but appears to be continuous. Grades interpolated into blocks with limited drill information are believed to be understated.
AMCL's comments on the validity of the model follow.
The Plant-North gold mineralization occurs as a continuous zone for 1.7 km in the area of the Prestea processing plant and tailings dam. As a result of the surface facilities, the near surface zone is not well sampled due to a lack of access. The deposit is drilled off on mainly 25 m centres, except for a gap of 400 m at the north end of the zone. The Low Grade Zone is a continuous low-grade deposit with a strike length of 1.7 km. The Main Crush Zone is modelled as a continuous zone contained within the Low Grade Zone. The Main Crush Zone has a strike length of 1.3 km(south of the drilling gap).
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The deposit geology was modelled on cross-sections using 2D polylines to trace the geologic contacts of the mineralized structures. The 2D polylines were stitched together to form 3D solid body models. Solid models were created for Main Crush Zone and the Low Grade Zone. The solids were checked in plan view and the sectional interpretations were corrected to better fit the true 3D drill hole locations. These geologic solids models were used to filter composites for statistical analysis and to create the rock-type model. The rock-type model was used to control grade interpolation during kriging.
Statistical and Geostatistical analysis of the sample data for the Plant-North model consisted of univariant statistics and variogram modelling. The Main Crush Zone and the Low Grade Zone were analyzed. Histograms of the two zones were completed and the sulfide, transition and oxide zones of both deposits were combined for variogram modelling purposes. Sample cutting levels were picked and variogram analyses were completed on the two zones.
Composites were capped for variogram analysis only. The grades for the Main Crush Zone were capped at 10 g/t and the Low Grade Zone was capping at 6 g/t. Grade capping for the Main Crush Zone at 10 g/t is at approximately the 94th percentile and 6 g/t for the Low Grade Zone is slightly higher than the 99th percentile. These capping values were used as search modifiers during grade interpolation. Composite values above the capping levels utilized a restricted search during kriging. These composite capping values appear to be somewhat arbitrary in relation to the composite populations.
Variogram analysis consisted of the modelling of omni-directional variograms in the plane of the ore bodies and down hole variograms. The down hole variograms give the best determination of nugget effect and a good approximation of the ellipsoid range in the "Z" direction. The omni-directional variograms give a range of continuity within the ore body. Though the variogram analysis was not exhaustive it did produce adequate results for grade interpolation.
Grade interpolation was completed using ordinary kriging. A minimum of 5 and a maximum of 36 composites were required to assign grade to a block. The high-grade composites were not cut but a restricted search was applied to minimize the influence of these composites. The choice of the search range for the high-grade composites was half the distance of the original search. Even with restricted searches the high-grade values could have an influence beyond the block which contains these high-grade values. This high-grade influence could over state grade in the upper portions of the model were the density of data points is reported to be lower. The validation plot produced for the Plant and North model shows an increase in grade in the upper portion of the model were there are few data points.
AMCL has graphed bench grade (predicted model grade) vs composite grade and number of samples (Figures 6.43 and 6.44) with and without the influence of the low-grade zone. This suggests that
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FIGURE 6.43
PLANT AND NORTH MODEL:
BENCH GRADE VS COMPOSITE GRADE AND NUMBER OF COMPOSITES,
LOW GRADE ZONE INCLUDED
[BENCH GRADE VS COMPOSITE GRADE AND NUMBER OF COMPOSITES CHART]

BENCH                                   COMPOSITE         NO. OF
GRADE                                     GRADE         COMPOSITES
 5099                                     0.93                0
 5093                                     1.34                0
 5087                                     1.74                0
 5081                                     2.02                0
 5075                                     2.25                2
 5069                                      2.1               17
 5063                                     1.94               32
 5057                                      1.8               39
 5051                                     1.72               79
 5045                                     1.67               85
 5039                                     1.46              100
 5033                                      1.4              111
 5027                                     1.43              140
 5021                                     1.52              151
 5015                                     1.52              145
 5009                                     1.51              147
 5003                                     1.47              122
 4997                                     1.43               96
 4991                                     1.42               97
 4985                                     1.37               98
 4979                                     1.31               73
 4973                                     1.24               59
 4967                                     1.19               58
 4961                                     1.13               39
 4955                                     0.91               36
 4949                                     0.73               11
 4943                                     0.69                6
 4937                                     0.67                4
 4931                                     0.69                5
 4925                                     0.72               10
 4919                                     0.75                7
 4913                                     0.83                0
 4907                                     0.65                0
 4901                                     0.63                0
 4895                                     0.57                0
 4889                                     0.37                0
 4883                                      0.3                0
 4877                                     0.29                0
 4871                                     0.28                0
 4865                                     0.28                0	

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FIGURE 6.44
PLANT AND NORTH MODEL:
BENCH GRADE VS COMPOSITE GRADE AND NUMBER OF COMPOSITES,
LOW GRADE ZONE EXCLUDED
[BENCH GRADE VS COMPOSITE GRADE AND NUMBER OF COMPOSITES CHART]

BENCH                                   COMPOSITE         NO. OF
GRADE                                     GRADE         COMPOSITES
 5099                                      0.92               0
 5093                                      1.34               0
 5087                                      1.79               0
 5081                                       2.1               0
 5075                                      2.46               2
 5069                                      2.41              13
 5063                                      2.36              22
 5057                                      2.25              29
 5051                                      2.15              45
 5045                                      2.13              35
 5039                                       1.9              47
 5033                                      1.83              44
 5027                                      1.86              60
 5021                                      1.96              60
 5015                                      1.95              75
 5009                                      1.97              55
 5003                                      1.97              44
 4997                                      1.95              45
 4991                                      1.95              49
 4985                                      1.92              38
 4979                                      1.87              24
 4973                                      1.81              21
 4967                                      1.72              17
 4961                                      1.63               7
 4955                                      1.33              18
 4949                                      1.19               1
 4943                                      1.34               0
 4937                                      1.41               0
 4931                                      1.43               1
 4925                                      1.42               5
 4919                                      1.42               6
 4913                                      1.48               0
 4907                                      0.93               0
 4901                                      0.75               0	

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there may be minor areas where the bench grade has been overestimated in areas of low sample density. The model should be validated to insure that this has not happened and if it has the composite grades should be capped at some reasonable level.
Generally the modelling of the Plant and North deposit conforms to standard industry practice. The only problem being the high-grade searches and verifying that these do not over influence grade in and around the high-grade composite values.
In fill drilling is currently planned.
AMCL is satisfied that sufficient work has been done to support the resources reported in the press-release of October 02, 2001.
6.3 MINERAL RESERVES
The SRK Prestea Feasibility Study for Prestea included a geo-technical assessment for the proposed open pit at the Plant-North deposit. The study concluded that bench stacks of 55 m at between 50 degrees and 55 degrees are achievable in the sulfide while similar stack heights at 40 degrees can be obtained in the oxides. The SRK Sulfide Study included geo-technical test-work on the Chujah and Dumasi pits. The study concluded that 12 m benches should be used for oxide material and 24 m benches could be achieved for sulfide. Oxide bench stacks of 30 m to 60 m height could be achieved at 40 degrees to 46 degrees and sulfide bench stacks up to 96 m in height could be achieved at 58 degrees to 66 degrees. Overall slopes would be in the 47 degrees- 58 degrees range. Assumptions were made for the Bogoso North deposit and test-work is planned prior to final pit design.
Pit optimization on the three Prestea deposits have been carried out using the Lerchs Grossman optimizing routine in the Earthworks Corporation NPV Scheduler suite of programs.
The outcome of the optimization process was a single defined optimum pit for each of the Buesichem and Plant North deposits and a series of seven smaller pits along strike for the Beta Boundary deposits. Mining shells have also been produced for the Chujah, Dumasi and Bogoso North (Marlu) deposits during the SRK Sulfide Feasibility Study.
Mine design has been carried out using the optimum pit shells as guidelines. Reserve classification has retained the same terms for degree of assurance of existence category as the resource statements previously described. Reclassification to proven and probable will be done after detailed pit design. The reserves are based on the resource statements reported in this report and are current as of November 2001.
Reserves are included in the resource estimation and are not additional to the resource estimates reported herein.
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The tonnage figures are all derived within optimised pit envelopes although there has not yet been any formal engineering pit design carried out on these deposits, with the exception of Buesichem. Slope angles used in the optimisation have therefore been relatively shallow, to reflect the extra waste stripping that would be involved in putting down access ramps when carrying out the pit designs. It is probable that waste stripping will reduce from the tonnage quoted when the designs are completed.
Tables 6.6 and 6.7 are statements of the estimated in situ resources within the optimized pit shells for the Bogoso and Prestea concessions. These resource estimates are exclusive of mining dilution and ore loss factors. Tonnage categorization has been carried out on the basis of the geological resources with measured and indicated and inferred categories retained. The pit optimization outlines are those determined from the reserve estimation process described in the following paragraph. The Chujah South pit remains under evaluation. These estimates represent "mineralized material" within the optimal pit design therefore the inferred category has been retained.
Tables 6.8 and 6.9 are mineable reserve statements for the Bogoso and Prestea concessions. An ore loss factor of 98% has been applied to resource tonnages, together with a 5% dilution. A mine call factor of 98% has been applied to the resource grades, together with a 5% dilution at zero grade. This gives a combined 7% grade reduction, which is more or less in line with current plant vs mine grade reconciliations. Any inferred tonnage encountered within the pits has been allocated a zero grade and assigned as waste. The inferred tonnages do not therefore contribute to the revenue stream. The reserve determination has been carried out at a US$275/oz gold price. The Chujah South pit remains under evaluation.
The proportion of inferred resources incorporated into the Plant North model are minimal and they are allocated as waste in the production schedule with no gold content assigned. Approximately 12% inferred resources in the oxide zone have been incorporated into the Beta Boundary pit design. These resources are allocated as waste with no gold content assigned and do not contribute to the projected revenue stream.
AMCL believes these reserve statements to be reasonable. They are used as the basis for the production schedules used in the economic analysis.
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TABLE 6.6
PRESTEA CONCESSION - IN-SITU RESOURCES WITHIN PIT SHELLS (OPTIMIZED OR DESIGN)
AS AT NOVEMBER 19, 2001

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       RESOURCE           BETA BOUNDARY - OPTIMAL PIT SHELL       PLANT NORTH - OPTIMAL PIT SHELL
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    CLASSIFICATION        NORTH END PIT      SOUTH END PIT     NORTH SHAFT PIT      MAIN PLANT PIT
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                           TONS     g/t       TONS      g/t       TONS     g/t        TONS     g/t
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oxides      MEASURED           --     --           --     --     391,455   3.33      616,169   3.78
            ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            INDICATED   1,186,648   1.84      625,270   2.14      61,030   3.04      144,970   2.34
            ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            INFERRED       47,506   1.79      236,813   1.94         285   2.36       17,343   1.72
            ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL ORE   1,234,154   1.84      862,083   2.09     452,769   3.29      778,481   3.47
            ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            WASTE       2,996,714     --    5,110,646     --   2,173,820     --    4,758,994     --
            ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL       4,230,868     --    5,972,728     --   2,626,589     --    5,537,476     --
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Transition  MEASURED           --     --           --     --      42,880   3.09      191,287   3.56
            ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            INDICATED     163,329   3.28      371,613   2.55       6,009   4.00       35,664   2.68
            ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            INFERRED        3,305   1.64        6,678   1.93         774   3.01        4,419   2.33
            ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL ORE     166,635   3.25      378,291   2.54      49,663   3.20      231,369   3.40
            ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            WASTE         536,483     --    1,930,520     --     407,721     --    1,628,689     --
            ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL         703,118     --    2,308,811     --     457,384     --    1,860,058     --
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sulfides    MEASURED           --     --           --     --     630,028   3.36    1,570,547   3.45
            ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            INDICATED     283,261   4.08      808,168   3.76      36,272   3.23      171,025   2.76
            ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            INFERRED           --     --           --     --       1,071   3.00        2,359   1.87
            ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL ORE     283,261   4.08      808,168   3.76     667,371   3.35    1,743,932   3.38
            ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            WASTE         377,145     --    2,514,753     --   1,384,732     --    4,546,524     --
            ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL         660,406     --    3,322,921     --   2,052,103     --    6,290,455     --
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total       MEASURED           --     --           --     --   1,064,362   3.34    2,378,004   3.54
            ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            INDICATED   1,633,238   2.37    1,805,051   2.95     103,311   3.16      351,658   2.58
            ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            INFERRED       50,811   1.78      243,491   1.94       2,131   2.92       24,120   1.85
            ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL ORE   1,684,050   2.35    2,048,542   2.83   1,169,804   3.32    2,753,782   3.41
            ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            WASTE       3,910,342     --    9,555,919     --   3,966,272     --   10,934,207     --
            ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL       5,594,392     --   11,604,461     --   5,136,076     --   13,687,989     --
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       RESOURCE         BUESICHEM AREA - DESIGN PITS, AS AT OCTOBER 31, 2001         TOTAL
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                            BUESICHEM
    CLASSIFICATION      BUESICHEM NORTH     TRANSITION      BUESICHEM SULFIDE       SUMMARY
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                          TONS    g/t       TONS     g/t       TONS     g/t       TONS      g/t
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oxides      MEASURED     28,139   2.45      86,921   2.54          --   2.54    1,122,684   3.49
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            INDICATED   142,301   2.29     545,475   2.58      19,441   2.15    2,725,133   2.14
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            INFERRED        776   3.97      18,357   2.28       5,366   2.36      326,446   1.94
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL ORE   171,216   2.32     650,753   2.57      24,806   2.20    4,174,262   2.49
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            WASTE       271,945     --   2,049,153     --   1,065,224     --   18,426,496     --
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL       443,161     --   2,699,907     --   1,090,030     --   22,600,758     --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Transition  MEASURED         --     --       8,405   3.35                         242,572   3.47
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            INDICATED        --     --     636,334   3.17      90,511   2.98    1,303,460   2.98
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            INFERRED         --     --      16,886   2.83      22,964   2.86       55,027   2.62
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL ORE        --     --     661,625   3.16     113,476   2.96    1,601,059   3.05
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            WASTE            --     --     723,094     --   2,128,774     --    7,355,281     --
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL            --     --   1,384,718     --   2,242,250     --    8,956,340     --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sulfides    MEASURED         --     --          --     --          --     --    2,200,575   3.42
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            INDICATED        --     --          --     --   1,555,852   3.13    2,854,578   3.38
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            INFERRED         --     --          --     --      72,902   3.02       76,333   2.98
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL ORE        --     --          --     --   1,628,754   3.13    5,131,486   3.39
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            WASTE            --     --          --     --   2,640,914     --   11,464,067     --
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL            --     --          --     --   4,269,668     --   16,595,553     --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total       MEASURED     28,139   2.45      95,326   2.61          --     --    3,565,831   3.45
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            INDICATED   142,301   2.29   1,181,809   2.90   1,665,804   3.11    6,883,172   2.81
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            INFERRED        776   3.97      35,243   2.54     101,232   2.95      457,805   2.19
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL ORE   171,216   2.32   1,312,378   2.87   1,767,036   3.10   10,906,807   3.00
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            WASTE       271,945     --   2,772,247     --   5,834,912     --   37,245,844     --
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL       443,161     --   4,084,625     --   7,601,948     --   48,152,651     --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	

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QUALIFYING REPORT ON THE BOGOSO-PRESTEA PROJECT, GHANA Page 56
TABLE 6.7
BOGOSO CONCESSION - IN-SITU RESOURCES WITHIN (OPTIMIZED) PIT SHELLS
AS AT NOVEMBER 19, 2001

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                           CHUJAH PIT         DUMASI PIT       BOGOSO NORTH    CHUJAH SOUTH      SUMMARY
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                           TONS     g/t       TONS     g/t       TONS    g/t   TONS    g/t      TONS      g/t
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oxides      MEASURED        39,342  3.12      152,439  2.04          --    --    --      --     191,781  2.26
            -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            INDICATED       14,422  2.57      161,656  1.84     131,615  2.67    --      --     307,692  2.23
            -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            INFERRED         6,101  3.38        9,397  2.13       9,478  3.05    --      --      24,976  2.79
            -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL ORE       59,864  3.01      323,492  1.94     141,092  2.69    --      --     524,448  2.27
            -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            WASTE        2,680,342    --    2,219,860    --     412,247    --    --      --   5,312,449    --
            -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL        2,740,207    --    2,543,351    --     553,339    --    --      --   5,836,897    --
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Transition  MEASURED       130,504  3.61      232,785  3.00          --    --    --      --     363,289  3.22
            -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            INDICATED       44,756  3.32       60,944  2.81     264,600  3.54    --      --     370,300  3.39
            -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            INFERRED         6,755  3.89        6,576  2.55          --    --    --      --      13,331  3.23
            -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL ORE      182,015  3.55      300,305  2.95     264,600  3.54    --      --     746,920  3.31
            -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            WASTE        3,656,498    --    2,248,576    --   1,076,889    --    --      --   6,981,963    --
            -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL        3,838,512    --    2,548,881    --   1,341,489    --    --      --   7,728,883    --
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sulfides    MEASURED     2,169,222  4.45    2,173,833  3.35     503,520  4.81    --      --   4,846,575  3.99
            -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            INDICATED       62,988  4.00      148,859  3.09     228,097  3.47    --      --     439,944  3.42
            -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            INFERRED         3,676  4.00        8,321  2.96      13,168  3.56    --      --      25,165  3.43
            -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL ORE    2,235,886  4.44    2,331,014  3.33     744,785  4.38    --      --   5,311,684  3.94
            -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            WASTE        8,981,616    --    3,636,524    --   1,520,834    --    --      --  14,138,974    --
            -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL       11,217,502    --    5,967,538    --   2,265,619    --    --      --  19,450,659    --
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total       MEASURED     2,339,067  4.38    2,559,058  3.24     503,520  4.81    --      --   5,401,645  3.88
            -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            INDICATED      122,166  3.58      371,459  2.50     624,312  3.33    --      --   1,117,936  3.08
            -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            INFERRED        16,531  3.73       24,294  2.53      22,646  3.35    --      --      63,472  3.13
            -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL ORE    2,477,764  4.34    2,954,810  3.14   1,150,477  3.98    --      --   6,583,052  3.74
            -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            WASTE       15,318,456    --    8,104,960    --   3,009,970    --    --      --  26,433,386    --
            -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL       17,796,221    --   11,059,771    --   4,160,447    --    --      --  33,016,438    --
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	

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GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
QUALIFYING REPORT ON THE BOGOSO-PRESTEA PROJECT, GHANA Page 57
TABLE 6.8
PRESTEA CONCESSION - RESERVES WITHIN PIT SHELLS (OPTIMIZED OR DESIGN)
AS AT NOVEMBER 19, 2001

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      RESOURCE            BETA BOUNDARY - OPTIMAL PIT SHELL       PLANT NORTH - OPTIMAL PIT SHELL
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   CLASSIFICATION         NORTH END PIT      SOUTH END PIT      NORTH SHAFT PIT     MAIN PLANT PIT
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                          TONNES    g/t      TONNES     g/t      TONNES    g/t      TONNES     g/t
                        ---------   ----   ----------   ----   ---------   ----   ----------   ----
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oxides      PROVEN             --     --           --     --     402,807   3.11      634,038   3.53
            ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            PROBABLE    1,221,061   1.72      643,403   2.00      62,800   2.84      149,174   2.18
            ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL ORE   1,221,061   1.72      643,403   2.00     465,606   3.07      783,211   3.27
            ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            WASTE       3,009,807     --    5,329,326     --   2,160,982     --    4,754,264     --
            ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL       4,230,868     --    5,972,728     --   2,626,589     --    5,537,476     --
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Transition  PROVEN             --     --           --     --      44,124   2.88      196,835   3.32
            ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            PROBABLE      168,066   3.06      382,390   2.38       6,183   3.73       36,698   2.50
            ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL ORE     168,066   3.06      382,390   2.38      50,307   2.99      233,532   3.19
            ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            WASTE         535,052     --    1,926,241     --     407,078     --    1,626,526     --
            ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL         703,118     --    2,308,811     --     457,384     --    1,860,058     --
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sulfides    PROVEN             --     --           --     --     648,299   3.14    1,616,093   3.22
            ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            PROBABLE      291,475   3.81      831,605   3.51      37,324   3.01      175,985   2.58
            ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL ORE     291,475   3.81      831,605   3.51     685,623   3.13    1,792,078   3.16
            ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            WASTE         368,931     --    2,491,316     --   1,366,480     --    4,498,377     --
            ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL         660,406     --    3,322,921     --   2,052,103     --    6,290,455     --
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total       PROVEN             --     --           --     --   1,095,229   3.12    2,446,966   3.31
            ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            PROBABLE    1,680,602   2.21    1,857,397   2.75     106,307   2.95      361,857   2.41
            ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL ORE   1,680,602   2.21    1,857,397   2.75   1,201,536   3.10    2,808,822   3.19
            ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            WASTE       3,913,790     --    9,747,063     --   3,934,540     --   10,879,167     --
            ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL       5,594,392     --   11,604,461     --   5,136,076     --   13,687,989     --
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      RESOURCE          BUESICHEM AREA - DESIGN PITS, AS AT OCTOBER 31, 2001         TOTAL
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                            BUESICHEM
   CLASSIFICATION       BUESICHEM NORTH     TRANSITION      BUESICHEM SULFIDE       SUMMARY
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         TONNES   g/t      TONNES    g/t      TONNES     g/t     TONNES     g/t
                        -------   ----   ---------   ----   ---------   ----   ----------   ----
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oxides      PROVEN       28,955   2.29      89,442   2.37          --   2.37    1,155,241   3.26
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            PROBABLE    146,427   2.14     561,294   2.41      20,004   2.01    2,804,162   1.99
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL ORE   175,382   2.16     650,735   2.40      20,004   2.01    3,959,403   2.36
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            WASTE       267,778     --   2,049,171     --   1,070,026     --   18,641,355     --
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL       443,161     --   2,699,907     --   1,090,030     --   23,184,703     --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Transition  PROVEN           --     --       8,649   3.13          --     --      249,607   3.24
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            PROBABLE         --     --     654,788   2.96      93,136   2.78    1,341,260   2.79
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL ORE        --     --     663,436   2.96      93,136   2.78    1,590,867   2.86
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            WASTE            --     --     721,282     --   2,149,114     --    7,365,473     --
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL            --     --   1,384,718     --   2,242,250     --    8,985,047     --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sulfides    PROVEN           --     --          --     --          --     --    2,264,392   3.20
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            PROBABLE         --     --          --     --   1,600,972   2.92    2,937,361   3.16
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL ORE        --     --          --     --   1,600,972   2.92    5,201,753   3.17
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            WASTE            --     --          --     --   2,668,696     --   11,393,800     --
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL            --     --          --     --   4,269,668     --   16,619,193     --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total       PROVEN       28,955   2.29      98,090   2.44          --     --    3,669,240   3.22
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            PROBABLE    146,427   2.14   1,216,081   2.70   1,714,112   2.90    7,082,784   2.63
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL ORE   175,382   2.16   1,314,172   2.68   1,714,112   2.90   10,752,024   2.83
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            WASTE       267,778     --   2,770,453     --   5,887,836     --   37,400,628     --
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL       443,161     --   4,084,625     --   7,601,948     --   48,152,651     --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	

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GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
QUALIFYING REPORT ON THE BOGOSO-PRESTEA PROJECT, GHANA Page 58
TABLE 6.9
BOGOSO - CONCESSION RESERVES WITHIN OPTIMIZED PIT SHELLS
AS AT 19 NOVEMBER 2001

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                           CHUJAH PIT          DUMASI PIT         BOGOSO NORTH     CHUJAH SOUTH       SUMMARY
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                           TONS      g/t       TONS      g/t       TONS     g/t    TONS   g/t       TONS      g/t
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oxides      PROVEN          40,483   2.91      156,860   1.90          --     --     --     --      197,343   2.11
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            PROBABLE        14,840   2.40      166,344   1.72     135,432   2.49     --     --      316,615   2.08
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL ORE       55,323   2.77      323,204   1.81     135,432   2.49     --     --      513,958   2.09
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            WASTE        2,684,884     --    2,220,148     --     417,907     --     --     --    5,322,939     --
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL        2,740,207     --    2,543,351     --     553,339     --     --     --    5,836,897     --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Transition  PROVEN         134,288   3.37      239,536   2.80          --     --     --     --      373,824   3.00
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            PROBABLE        46,054   3.10       62,711   2.62     272,273   3.30     --     --      381,039   3.17
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL ORE      180,342   3.30      302,247   2.76     272,273   3.30     --     --      754,863   3.09
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            WASTE        3,658,170     --    2,246,634     --   1,069,216     --     --     --    6,974,020     --
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL        3,838,512     --    2,548,881     --   1,341,489     --     --     --    7,728,883     --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sulfides    PROVEN       2,232,129   4.16    2,236,874   3.12     518,122   4.49     --     --    4,987,126   3.73
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            PROBABLE        64,815   3.73      153,176   2.88     234,712   3.24     --     --      452,703   3.19
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL        2,296,944   4.14    2,390,051   3.11     752,834   4.10     --     --    5,439,828   3.68
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            WASTE          920,558     --    3,577,487     --   1,512,785     --     --     --   14,010,831     --
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL       11,217,502     --    5,967,538     --   2,265,619     --     --     --   19,450,659     --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total       PROVEN       2,406,900   4.09    2,633,270   3.02     518,122   4.49     --     --    5,558,293   3.62
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            PROBABLE       125,709   3.34      382,231   2.33     642,417   3.11     --     --    1,150,357   2.88
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL        2,532,609   4.05    3,015,501   2.93   1,160,539   3.73     --     --    6,708,649   3.49
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            WASTE       15,263,612     --    8,044,269     --   2,999,908     --     --     --   26,307,789     --
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            TOTAL       17,796,221     --   11,059,771     --   4,160,447     --     --     --   33,016,438     --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	

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QUALIFYING REPORT ON THE BOGOSO-PRESTEA PROJECT, GHANA Page 59
7.0 MINING OPERATIONS
7.1 MINING OPERATIONS
Mining at Bogoso is presently carried out by open pit methods using the company-owned mining fleet. The combined Prestea - Bogoso mine will also use open-pit methods but using a mining contractor. BGL is in discussion with two potential mining contractors and a contract is anticipated to be initiated in December, 2001.
Mining of the oxide resource in the Buesichem pit commenced during the latter part of October. Grades and recoveries are as anticipated.
7.2 MINING METHOD
At Bogoso, the ore and waste are drilled and blasted on 3 m lifts with mining of waste in 3 m lifts and mining of ore on 3 m benches. The costs of blasting increase as mining moves from oxide ore to sulfide ore. The ore is loaded by hydraulic excavators into 50 t capacity rear dump haul trucks. The haul trucks carry the ore material to the processing plant and the waste rock to the waste dumps. Low grade material mined is stockpiled at appropriate locations for later processing as is any transition material mined. Mining is carried out 24 hours per day, 6 days per week. Some transition material has been processed during periods of low oxide exposure, and more is scheduled to be processed during the mine life.
Ancillary equipment including bulldozers, graders, water trucks and service vehicles support the mining activities for such purposes as haulage, road construction and maintenance, and dust and erosion control.
Waste material from mining operations is hauled to waste dumps located in close proximity to the pits. BGL has a progressive reclamation program which means that rehabilitation work is undertaken concurrent with mining operations whenever possible and rehabilitation works are commenced at a waste dump as soon as dumping has ceased.
A similar mining method is planned for the Prestea deposits. For Plant North and Beta Boundary deposits, BGL plans to use mining haul trucks to haul ore out of the pits, to an ore stockpile on the pit perimeters, from where it will be re-handled into on-highway trucks for onward haulage by contractor to the Bogoso processing plant. This is considered necessary to cross the road bridge across the Ankobra River. The trucks will turn off the highway just after the bridge onto a haul road that will be driven down from the Buesichem deposit.
7.3 GRADE CONTROL
Grade control for oxide and transition ore is practiced using rip line sampling. For sulfide material, it is intended to drill reverse circulation drill holes at 10 m spacing prior to mining and augment this with sample data from blast hole drilling. Historically, the mine production at Bogoso tends to be higher than forecast
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from the geological model whereas the grade tends to be slightly lower suggesting excess dilution or addition of low grade material.
Cut-off grades are determined for each pit and type of ore based on haulage costs, processing costs, recovery and G&A costs at different gold prices.
The grade of the oxide material varies considerably within the mining zone, in vertical and horizontal directions, and also from one deposit to another. Efforts are therefore made to mine from several locations at once and to blend the feed to the processing plant on the run-of-mine stockpile. As the Bogoso oxide resources become exhausted, the oxide feed to the Bogoso plant will tend to come from only one or two locations on the Prestea property, so blending becomes more important.
7.4 PRODUCTION SCHEDULE
The mine plan is based on the following sequence:
- Mining will continue on the current Bogoso oxide and transition resources and from the Buesichem pits.
- Buesichem and Bogoso material will be mined concurrently while access is prepared to Plant-North pit.
- Plant-North will provide the Bogoso plant with oxide, transition and primary ore material until mid-2005.
- Beta Boundary and Plant-North will then be mined concurrently until they are worked out and Bogoso is modified to treat sulfide material.
- The Bogoso and Buesichem sulfide resources would then be mined.
- Sub-grade stockpiles at Bogoso will be processed at the end of the mine life.
The production schedule is presented as Tables 7.1 to 7.8. It should be noted that the Buesichem production schedule (Table 7.1) has an additional 275,580 t of oxide resource scheduled which are not included in the resource statement. This incremental volume is based on RAB drilling for grade control and has not yet been included in the resource model. The Buesichem resource model will be updated using the approximately 180 RAB holes (collared on a 12.5 m nominal spacing on a 25 m section spacing) and 50 RC holes totalling 3,000 m. The RAB holes are being used for grade control in advance of current mining. The RAB holes have added an estimated 229,000 t of oxide colluvial at a gold grade of 2.16 g/t.
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The Buesichem reserve base and production schedules incorporates three design pits, Buesichem North (currently being mined) Buesichem Transition and Buesichem Sulfide. The transition and sulfide pit shells both contain oxide resources that will be extracted prior to transition and sulfide mining.
Allowances are made for 5 % mining dilution and a mining recovery of 98 %. The effective grade of ore fed to the processing plant is therefore 93.33 % of that predicted by the block model(100/105*98 %). This effective grade is used in calculating the quantity of gold fed to the mill. The process recovery for the particular ore is then applied to estimate the recovery of gold.
Development of an open pit operation at Plant North will require the relocation of extensive infrastructure associated with the existing Prestea Goldfields Limited underground operation. This will include their current process plant and a power line belonging to the Volta River Power Authority that brings power for the region not just for the PGR operation.
Bogoso has an agreement to process PGL ore on a toll treatment basis and we have no reason to believe that the relocation is not feasible. There is, however, a risk in terms of the timing for completion of the relocation. The BGL agreement with PGR allows them to make use of toll treatment of PGR underground ore during the period that the PGR processing facilities are out of commission. It also allows for toll treatment to become the sole method of processing PGR ore, should both parties agree, thereby avoiding having to provide them with their own alternative facility. Timing risks are therefore mainly to do with impediments that PGR put in BGL's way.
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TABLE 7.1
PRODUCTION SCHEDULE - BUESICHEM

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    UNITS     2001       2002    2003  2004    2005     2006        2007    2008  2009  2010  2011  2012     TOTAL
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oxide Ore Mined    tonnes    481,664    344,454    --    --   17,400      2,605         --    --    --    --    --    --     846,123
Resource Grade     Au g/t       2.38       2.72    --    --     2.06       2.86         --    --    --    --    --    --        2.51
Mined Grade        Au g/t       2.22       2.54    --    --     1.92       2.67         --    --    --    --    --    --        2.34
Recovered Grade    Au g/t       1.69       1.93    --    --     1.44          2         --    --    --    --    --    --        1.78
Waste Mined        tonnes  1,503,524    813,424    --    --  298,377    771,648         --    --    --    --    --    --   3,386,973

Transition Ore
  Mined            tonnes         --    663,437    --    --       --     93,135         --    --    --    --    --    --     756,572
Resource Grade     Au g/t         --       3.17    --    --       --       2.99         --    --    --    --    --    --        3.15
Mined Grade        Au g/t         --       2.96    --    --       --        279         --    --    --    --    --    --        2.94
Recovered Grade    Au g/t         --       1.33    --    --       --       1.26         --    --    --    --    --    --        1.32
Waste Mined        tonnes         --    721,282    --    --       --  2,082,903     66,211    --    --    --    --    --   2,870,396

Refractory
  Sulfide
  Ore Mined        tonnes         --         --    --    --       --    275,168  1,325,804    --    --    --    --    --   1,600,972
Resource Grade     Au g/t         --         --    --    --       --       2.92       3.18    --    --    --    --    --        3.13
Mined Grade        Au g/t         --         --    --    --       --       2.72       2.97    --    --    --    --    --        2.92
Recovered Grade    Au g/t         --         --    --    --       --       2.31       2.52    --    --    --    --    --        2.49
Waste Mined        tonnes         --         --    --    --       --    317,292  2,351,404    --    --    --    --    --   2,668,696

Total Ore Mined    tonnes    481,664  1,007,891    --    --   17,400    370,909  1,325,804    --    --    --    --    --   3,203,668
Resource Grade     Au g/t       2.28       3.02    --    --     2.06       2.93       3.18    --    --    --    --    --        2.97
Mined Grade        Au g/t       2.22       2.82    --    --     1.92       2.74       2.97    --    --    --    --    --        2.77
Recovered Grade    Au g/t       1.69       1.53    --    --     1.44       2.05       2.52    --    --    --    --    --        2.02
Waste Mined        tonnes  1,503,525  1,534,707    --    --  298,377  3,171,843  2,417,615    --    --    --    --         8,926,067
Total Mined        tonnes  1,985,189  2,542,597    --    --  315,777  3,542,752  3,746,419    --    --    --    --    --  12,129,734
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	

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TABLE 7.2
PRODUCTION SCHEDULE - PLANT-NORTH

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    UNITS   2001     2002       2003       2004        2005     2006  2007  2008  2009  2010  2011  2012    TOTAL
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oxide Ore Mined     tonnes    --    756,936    490,443      1,439           --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --   1,248,818
Resource Grade      Au g/t    --       3.35       3.56       2.17           --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --        3.43
Mined Grade         Au g/t    --       3.13       3.32       2.03           --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --         3.2
Recovered Grade     Au g/t    --        2.6       2.76       1.68           --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --        2.66
Waste Mined         tonnes    --  3,246,869  3,565,972    102,404           --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --   6,915,245

Transition Ore
  Mined             tonnes    --     50,307    105,691    127,841           --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --     283,839
Resource Grade      Au g/t    --       3.22       3.33       3.47           --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --        3.37
Mined Grade         Au g/t    --       3.01       3.11       3.24           --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --        3.15
Recovered Grade     Au g/t    --        2.5       2.58       2.69           --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --        2.65
Waste Mined         tonnes    --    407,078    480,115  1,146,411           --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --   2,033,604

Non-Refractory
  Primary Ore
  Mined             tonnes    --    402,469    283,154    890,313      901,766    --    --    --    --    --    --    --   2,477,702
Resource Grade      Au g/t    --       3.16       3.65       3.48         3.29    --    --    --    --    --    --    --        3.38
Mined Grade         Au g/t    --       2.95       3.41       3.25         3.07    --    --    --    --    --    --    --        3.15
Recovered Grade     Au g/t    --       2.48       2.86       2.73         2.58    --    --    --    --    --    --    --        2.65
Waste Mined         tonnes    --    976,025    405,249  3,324,196    1,159,387    --    --    --    --    --    --    --   5,864,857

Total Ore Mined     tonnes    --  1,209,711    879,288  1,019,593      901,766    --    --    --    --    --    --    --   4,010,358
Resource Grade      Au g/t    --       3.28       3.56       3.47         3.29    --    --    --    --    --    --    --        3.39
Mined Grade         Au g/t    --       3.06       3.32       3.24         3.07    --    --    --    --    --    --    --        3.17
Recovered Grade     Au g/t    --       2.55       2.77       2.72         2.58    --    --    --    --    --    --    --        2.65
Waste Mined         tonnes    --  4,629,973  4,451,336  4,573,011    1,159,387    --    --    --    --    --    --    --  14,813,707
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	

ASSOCIATED MINING CONSULTANTS LTD.

GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
QUALIFYING REPORT ON THE BOGOSO-PRESTEA PROJECT, GHANA Page 64
TABLE 7.3
PRODUCTION SCHEDULE BETA BOUNDARY

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 UNITS   2001  2002     2003       2004       2005        2006    2007  2008  2009  2010  2011  2012    TOTAL
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oxide Ore Mined  tonnes    --    --    968,983    288,512    550,171      56,797    --    --    --    --    --    --   1,864,463
Resource Grade   Au g/t    --    --       1.86       1.73        2.2        1.91    --    --    --    --    --    --        1.94
Mined Grade      Au g/t    --    --       1.74       1.62       2.05        1.79    --    --    --    --    --    --        1.81
Recovered Grade  Au g/t    --    --        1.6       1.49       1.89        1.64    --    --    --    --    --    --        1.67
Waste Mined      tonnes    --    --  2,689,259  1,184,999  4,138,429     326,447    --    --    --    --    --    --   8,339,134

Transition Ore
  Mined          tonnes    --    --      2,139    165,926    119,487     262,903    --    --    --    --    --    --     550,455
Resource Grade   Au g/t    --    --       1.42       3.32       2.25         2.7    --    --    --    --    --    --        2.78
Mined Grade      Au g/t    --    --       1.33        3.1        2.1        2.52    --    --    --    --    --    --        2.59
Recovered Grade  Au g/t    --    --       1.13       2.63       1.78        2.14    --    --    --    --    --    --        2.21
Waste Mined      tonnes    --    --     50,541    484,512  1,059,479     867,248    --    --    --    --    --    --   2,461,780

Non-Refractory
  Primary Ore
  Mined          tonnes    --    --         --    291,476     10,928     820,677    --    --    --    --    --    --   1,123,081
Resource Grade   Au g/t    --    --         --       4.08       3.08        3.76    --    --    --    --    --    --        3.84
Mined Grade      Au g/t    --    --         --       3.81       2.87        3.51    --    --    --    --    --    --        3.58
Recovered Grade  Au g/t    --    --         --       3.24       2.44        2.98    --    --    --    --    --    --        3.04
Waste Mined      tonnes    --    --         --    368,930    228,316   2,262,452    --    --    --    --    --    --   2,859,698

Total Ore Mined  tonnes    --    --    971,123    745,913    680,586   1,140,378    --    --    --    --    --    --   3,538,000
Resource Grade   Au g/t    --    --       1.86          3       2.22        3.42    --    --    --    --    --    --        2.67
Mined Grade      Au g/t    --    --       1.74        2.8       2.07        3.19    --    --    --    --    --    --         2.5
Recovered Grade  Au g/t    --    --        1.6       2.43       1.88        2.72    --    --    --    --    --    --        2.19
Waste Mined      tonnes    --    --  2,739,799  2,038,442  5,426,225   3,456,148    --    --    --    --    --        13,660,614

Total Mined      tonnes    --    --  3,710,922  2,784,355  6,106,811   4,596,525    --    --    --    --    --    --  17,198,614
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	

ASSOCIATED MINING CONSULTANTS LTD.

GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
QUALIFYING REPORT ON THE BOGOSO-PRESTEA PROJECT, GHANA Page 65
TABLE 7.4
PRODUCTION SCHEDULE - CHUJAH & DUMASI

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 UNITS   2001  2002  2003  2004  2005  2006     2007       2008       2009       2010       2011    2012    TOTAL
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oxide Ore Mined  tonnes    --    --    --    --    --    --     53,401    324,784        342         --         --    --     378,527
Resource Grade   Au g/t    --    --    --    --    --    --       3.04       1.93       1.54         --         --    --        2.09
Mined Grade      Au g/t    --    --    --    --    --    --       2.84       1.81       1.44         --         --    --        1.95
Recovered Grade  Au g/t    --    --    --    --    --    --       2.35       1.48       1.20         --         --    --        1.60
Waste Mined      tonnes    --    --    --    --    --    --  2,109,041  2,477,883    288,560     29,550         --    --   4,905,033

Transition Ore
  Mined          tonnes    --    --    --    --    --    --     47,070    303,493     12,111      7,916         --    --     428,589
Resource Grade   Au g/t    --    --    --    --    --    --       3.12       2.96       3.90       3.80         --    --        3.23
Mined Grade      Au g/t    --    --    --    --    --    --       2.91       2.76       3.64       3.55         --    --        3.02
Recovered Grade  Au g/t    --    --    --    --    --    --       2.24       2.13       2.80       2.73         --    --        2.32
Waste Mined      tonnes    --    --    --    --    --    --    414,968  2,089,176  2,328,352  1,072,307         --    --   5,904,803

Refractory
  Sulfide Ore
  Mined          tonnes    --    --    --    --    --    --         --    210,772  1,576,523  1,321,136  1,578,564    --   4,686,995
Resource Grade   Au g/t    --    --    --    --    --    --         --       3.24       3.23       3.85       4.62    --        3.87
Mined Grade      Au g/t    --    --    --    --    --    --         --       3.03       3.01       3.59       4.31    --        3.62
Recovered Grade  Au g/t    --    --    --    --    --    --         --       2.66       2.67       3.16       3.79    --        3.18
Waste Mined      tonnes    --    --    --    --    --    --     20,471    312,898  3,909,364  5,766,058  2,489,255    --  12,498,046

Total Ore Mined  tonnes          --    --    --    --    --    100,471    839,049  1,700,976  1,329,052  1,578,564    --   5,548,112
Resource Grade   Au g/t    --    --    --    --    --    --       3.08       2.63       3.28       3.83       4.62    --        3.69
Mined Grade      Au g/t    --    --    --    --    --    --       2.87       2.46       3.06       3.57       4.31    --        3.44
Recovered Grade  Au g/t    --    --    --    --    --    --        2.3       2.03       2.66       3.15       3.79    --        3.00
Waste Mined      tonnes    --    --    --    --    --    --  2,544,479  4,879,958  6,526,276  6,867,915  2,489,255    --  23,307,883

Total Mined      tonnes    --    --    --    --    --    --    2644950  5,719,006  8,227,252  8,196,967  4,067,819    --  28,855,994
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	

ASSOCIATED MINING CONSULTANTS LTD.

GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
QUALIFYING REPORT ON THE BOGOSO-PRESTEA PROJECT, GHANA Page 66
TABLE 7.5
PRODUCTION SCHEDULE - BOGOSO NORTH

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                              UNITS   2001  2002  2003  2004  2005  2006     2007       2008    2009  2010  2011  2012    TOTAL
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oxide Ore Mined               tonnes    --    --    --    --    --    --    135,432         --    --    --    --    --    135,432
Resource Grade                Au g/t    --    --    --    --    --    --       2.67         --    --    --    --    --       2.67
Mined Grade                   Au g/t    --    --    --    --    --    --       2.49         --    --    --    --    --       2.49
Recovered Grade               Au g/t    --    --    --    --    --    --       2.07         --    --    --    --    --       2.07
Waste Mined                   tonnes    --    --    --    --    --    --    417,194        713    --    --    --    --    417,907

Transition Ore Mined          tonnes    --    --    --    --    --    --    168,966    103,308    --    --    --    --    272,274
Resource Grade                Au g/t    --    --    --    --    --    --       4.07       2.67    --    --    --    --       3.54
Mined Grade                   Au g/t    --    --    --    --    --    --        3.8       2.49    --    --    --    --        3.3
Recovered Grade               Au g/t    --    --    --    --    --    --       2.93       1.92    --    --    --    --       2.54
Waste Mined                   tonnes    --    --    --    --    --    --    800,719    268,496    --    --    --    --  1,069,215

Refractory Sulfide Ore Mined  tonnes    --    --    --    --    --    --     20,332    732,502    --    --    --    --    752,834
Resource Grade                Au g/t    --    --    --    --    --    --       4.62       4.39    --    --    --    --        4.4
Mined Grade                   Au g/t    --    --    --    --    --    --       4.31        4.1    --    --    --    --       4.11
Recovered Grade               Au g/t    --    --    --    --    --    --       3.66       3.49    --    --    --    --       3.49
Waste Mined                   tonnes    --    --    --    --    --    --     71,407  1,441,378    --    --    --    --  1,512,785

Total Ore Mined               tonnes    --    --    --    --    --    --    324,730    835,810    --    --    --    --  1,160,540
Resource Grade                Au g/t    --    --    --    --    --    --       3.52       4.18    --    --    --    --          4
Mined Grade                   Au g/t    --    --    --    --    --    --       3.29        3.9    --    --    --    --       3.73
Recovered Grade               Au g/t    --    --    --    --    --    --       2.61       3.29    --    --    --    --        3.1
Waste Mined                   tonnes    --    --    --    --    --    --  1,289,320  1,710,587    --    --    --    --  2,999,907
Total Mined                   tonnes    --    --    --    --    --    --  1,614,050  2,546,397    --    --    --    --  4,160,447
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	

ASSOCIATED MINING CONSULTANTS LTD.

GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
QUALIFYING REPORT ON THE BOGOSO-PRESTEA PROJECT, GHANA Page 67
TABLE 7.6
PRODUCTION SCHEDULE - BGL OXIDE & TRANSITION MINING

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      UNITS     2001   2002  2003  2004  2005  2006  2007  2008  2009  2010  2011  2012   TOTAL
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oxide Ore Mined       tonnes   10,000    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --   10,000
Resource Grade        Au g/t     2.24    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --     2.24
Mined Grade           Au g/t     2.09    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --     2.09
Recovered Grade       Au g/t     1.67    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --     1.67
Waste Mined           tonnes   25,421    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --   25,421

Transition Ore Mined  tonnes       --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --       --
Resource Grade        Au g/t       --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --       --
Mined Grade           Au g/t       --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --       --
Recovered Grade       Au g/t       --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --       --
Waste Mined           tonnes       --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --       --

Total Ore Mined       tonnes  200,521    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --  200,521
Resource Grade        Au g/t        3    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --        3
Mined Grade           Au g/t      2.8    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --      2.8
Recovered Grade       Au g/t     1.45    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --     1.45
Waste Mined           tonnes  212,242    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --    --  212,242
Total Mined           tonnes                                                                             412,763
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	

ASSOCIATED MINING CONSULTANTS LTD.

GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
QUALIFYING REPORT ON THE BOGOSO-PRESTEA PROJECT, GHANA Page 68
TABLE 7.7
PRODUCTION SCHEDULE - TOTAL MINING PRODUCTION

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    UNITS      2001       2002       2003      2004        2005      2006
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oxide Ore Mined     tonnes    491,664  1,101,390  1,459,426    289,951    567,571     59,403
Resource Grade      Au g/t       2.38       3.15       2.43       1.73        2.2       1.95
Mined Grade         Au g/t       2.22       2.94       2.27       1.62       2.05       1.82
Recovered Grade     Au g/t       1.69       2.39       1.99       1.49       1.88       1.66
Waste Mined         tonnes  1,528,945  4,060,293  6,255,231  1,287,403  4,436,807  1,098,095

MOX Transition Ore
  Mined             tonnes         --     50,307    107,830    293,767    119,487    262,903
Resource Grade      Au g/t         --       3.22       3.29       3.38       2.25        2.7
Mined Grade         Au g/t         --       3.01       3.07       3.16        2.1       2.52
Recovered Grade     Au g/t         --        2.5       2.55       2.66       1.78       2.14
Waste Mined         tonnes         --    407,078    530,656  1,630,923  1,059,479    867,248

Non-Refractory
  Primary Ore
  Mined             tonnes         --    402,469    283,154  1,181,788    912,694    820,677
Resource Grade      Au g/t         --       3.16       3.65       3.63       3.28       3.76
Mined Grade         Au g/t         --       2.95       3.41       3.38       3.06       3.51
Recovered Grade     Au g/t         --       2.48       2.86       2.85       2.57       2.98
Waste Mined         tonnes         --    976,025    405,249  3,693,127  1,387,703  2,262,452

Refractory
  Transition
  Ore Mined         tonnes         --    663,437         --         --         --     93,135
Resource Grade      Au g/t         --       3.17         --         --         --       2.99
Mined Grade         Au g/t         --       2.96         --         --         --       2.79
Recovered Grade     Au g/t         --       1.33         --         --         --       1.26
Waste Mined         tonnes         --    721,282         --         --         --  2,082,903

Refractory Sulfide
  Ore Mined         tonnes         --         --         --         --         --    275,168
Resource Grade      Au g/t         --         --         --         --         --       2.92
Mined Grade         Au g/t         --         --         --         --         --       2.72
Recovered Grade     Au g/t         --         --         --         --         --       2.31
Waste Mined         tonnes         --         --         --         --         --    317,292
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    UNITS     2007       2008       2009       2010       2011     2012     TOTAL
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oxide Ore Mined     tonnes    188,833    324,784        342         --         --     --   4,483,364
Resource Grade      Au g/t       2.77       1.93       1.54         --         --     --         2.5
Mined Grade         Au g/t       2.59       1.81       1.44         --         --     --        2.33
Recovered Grade     Au g/t       2.15       1.48        1.2         --         --     --        1.97
Waste Mined         tonnes  2,526,235  2,478,596    288,560     29,550         --     --  23,989,715

MOX Transition Ore
  Mined             tonnes         --         --         --         --         --     --     834,294
Resource Grade      Au g/t         --         --         --         --         --     --        2.98
Mined Grade         Au g/t         --         --         --         --         --     --        2.78
Recovered Grade     Au g/t         --         --         --         --         --     --        2.34
Waste Mined         tonnes         --         --         --         --         --     --   4,495,384

Non-Refractory
  Primary Ore
  Mined             tonnes         --         --         --         --         --     --   3,600,782
Resource Grade      Au g/t         --         --         --         --         --     --        3.52
Mined Grade         Au g/t         --         --         --         --         --     --        3.29
Recovered Grade     Au g/t         --         --         --         --         --     --        2.77
Waste Mined         tonnes         --         --         --         --         --     --   8,724,556

Refractory
  Transition
  Ore Mined         tonnes    216,036    406,801    124,111      7,916         --     --   1,511,436
Resource Grade      Au g/t       3.86       2.89        3.9       3.80         --     --        3.25
Mined Grade         Au g/t       3.61        2.7       3.64       3.55         --     --        3.03
Recovered Grade     Au g/t       2.78       2.08        2.8       2.73         --     --        1.86
Waste Mined         tonnes  1,281,898  2,357,672  2,328,352  1,072,307         --     --   9,844,414

Refractory Sulfide
  Ore Mined         tonnes  1,346,136    943,274  1,576,522  1,321,136  1,578,564     --   7,040,800
Resource Grade      Au g/t       3.20       4.14       3.23       3.85       4.62     --        3.76
Mined Grade         Au g/t       2.99       3.86       3.01       3.59       4.31     --        3.51
Recovered Grade     Au g/t       2.54       3.30       2.65       3.16       3.79     --        3.06
Waste Mined         tonnes  2,443,282  1,754,277  3,909,364  5,766,058  1,489,255     --  16,679,528
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	

ASSOCIATED MINING CONSULTANTS LTD.

GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
QUALIFYING REPORT ON THE BOGOSO-PRESTEA PROJECT, GHANA Page 69

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 UNITS      2001       2002       2003       2004       2005       2006
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Ore Mined  tonnes    491,664  2,217,602  1,850,411  1,765,506  1,599,752  1,511,287
Resource Grade   Au g/t       2.38       3.16       2.67       3.27       2.82        3.3
Mined Grade      Au g/t       2.22       2.95       2.49       3.06       2.63       3.08
Recovered Grade  Au g/t       1.69       2.09       2.15        2.6       2.27       2.56
Waste Mined      tonnes  1,528,945  6,164,679  7,191,136  6,611,453  6,883,989  6,627,991
Total Mined      tonnes  2,020,610  8,382,281  9,041,546  8,376,959  8,483,741  8,139,277
Strip Ratio                   3.11       2.78       3.89       3.74       4.30       4.39
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 UNITS      2007       2008       2009       2010       2011    2012    TOTAL
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Ore Mined  tonnes  1,751,005  1,674,858  1,700,976  1,329,052  1,578,564    --  17,470,677
Resource Grade   Au g/t       3.24       3.41       3.28       3.83       4.62    --         3.3
Mined Grade      Au g/t       3.02       3.18       3.06       3.57       4.31    --        3.08
Recovered Grade  Au g/t       2.53       2.65       2.66       3.15       3.79    --        2.58
Waste Mined      tonnes  6,251,414  6,590,545  6,526,276  6,867,915  2,489,255    --  63,733,598
Total Mined      tonnes  8,002,419  8,265,403  8,227,252  8,196,967  4,067,819    --  81,204,275
Strip Ratio                   3.57       3.93       3.84       5.17       1.58    --        3.65
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	

ASSOCIATED MINING CONSULTANTS LTD.

GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
QUALIFYING REPORT ON THE BOGOSO-PRESTEA PROJECT, GHANA Page 70
TABLE 7.8
PRODUCTION SCHEDULE - MILLFEED SUMMARY

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       UNITS    2001     2002       2003       2004       2005       2006       2007
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oxide Ore                              t      483,924  1,115,131  1,459,426    289,951    567,571     59,403    188,833
Oxide Ore Grade                        g/t       2.21        2.9       2.27       1.62       2.05       1.82       2.59
Oxide Ore Recoverable Grade            g/t       1.68       2.34       1.99       1.49       1.88       1.66       2.15
MOX Transition Ore                     t           --     50,307    107,830    293,767    119,487    262,903         --
MOX Transition Ore Grade               g/t         --       3.01       3.07       3.16        2.1       2.52         --
MOX Transition Ore Recoverable Grade   g/t         --        2.5       2.55       2.66       1.78       2.14         --
Non-Refractory Primary Ore             t           --    357,322    328,301  1,181,788    912,694    820,677         --
Non-Refractory Primary Grade           g/t         --       2.94       3.36       3.38       3.06       3.51         --
Non-Refractory Recoverable Grade       g/t         --       2.47       2.82       2.85       2.57       2.98         --
Refractory Transition Ore              t      160,000    545,440    117,997         --         --     93,135    216,036
Refractory Transition Ore Grade        g/t       3.00       2.98       2.85         --         --       2.79       3.61
Refractory Transition Ore Recoverable  g/t       1.50       1.34       1.28         --         --       1.26       2.78
Grade
Refractory Sulfide Ore                 t           --         --         --         --         --    275,168  1,068,289
Refractory Sulfide Ore Grade           g/t         --         --         --         --         --       2.72       2.99
Refractory Sulfide Recoverable Grade   g/t         --         --         --         --         --       2.31       2.54
Sub Grade Ore                          t           --         --      80810     19,454    311,609    209,902         --
Sub Grade Ore Grade                    g/t         --         --       0.96       0.96       0.96       0.96         --
Sub-Grade Recoverable Grade            g/t         --         --       0.72       0.72       0.72       0.72         --
Mill Feed Tonnes                       t      643,924  2,068,199  2,094,364  1,784,960  1,911,362  1,721,188  1,473,158
Mill Feed Grade                        g/t       2.41       2.93       2.46       3.03       2.36       2.82       3.03
Recoverable Grade                      g/t       1.64        2.1       2.06       2.58       2.02       2.33       2.52
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       UNITS    2008       2009       2010       2011       2012        TOTAL
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oxide Ore                              t        324,784        342         --         --         --   4,489,365
Oxide Ore Grade                        g/t         1.81       1.44         --         --         --        2.32
Oxide Ore Recoverable Grade            g/t         1.48        1.2         --         --         --        1.96
MOX Transition Ore                     t             --         --         --         --         --     834,294
MOX Transition Ore Grade               g/t           --         --         --         --         --        2.78
MOX Transition Ore Recoverable Grade   g/t           --         --         --         --         --        2.34
Non-Refractory Primary Ore             t             --         --         --         --         --   3,600,782
Non-Refractory Primary Grade           g/t           --         --         --         --         --        3.29
Non-Refractory Recoverable Grade       g/t           --         --         --         --         --        2.77
Refractory Transition Ore              t        406,801    124,111      7,916         --         --   1,671,436
Refractory Transition Ore Grade        g/t         2.70       3.64       3.55         --         --        3.03
Refractory Transition Ore Recoverable  g/t         2.08       2.80       2.73         --         --        1.86
Grade
Refractory Sulfide Ore                 t        860,550  1,241,271  1,318,937  1,324,214    952,371   7,040,800
Refractory Sulfide Ore Grade           g/t         3.66       3.14       3.44       4.04       4.04        3.51
Refractory Sulfide Recoverable Grade   g/t         3.13       2.74       3.02       3.56       3.56        3.06
Sub Grade Ore                          t             --         --         --         --    650,726   1,272,501
Sub Grade Ore Grade                    g/t           --         --         --         --       0.96        0.96
Sub-Grade Recoverable Grade            g/t           --         --         --         --       0.72        0.72
Mill Feed Tonnes                       t      1,592,134  1,365,724  1,326,853  1,324,214  1,603,097  18,909,178
Mill Feed Grade                        g/t         3.04       3.18       3.42       4.04      22.79        2.94
Recoverable Grade                      g/t         2.52       2.75          3       3.56        2.4        2.44
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8.0 MINERAL PROCESSING AND METALLURGICAL TESTING
8.1 INTRODUCTION
The mineralized materials available for mining at Prestea and Bogoso have a range of metallurgical characteristics. In each property, there are oxide, transition and sulfide materials.
The metallurgical characteristics of the material from the Bogoso property and the northern part of the Prestea property at Buesichem are similar. The oxide ore is readily amenable to cyanide leaching whereas the sulfide ore is refractory due to a large portion of the gold being locked in the sulfide mineral matrix (in solid solution). The transition ore appears to be a mix of oxide, partially oxidized and sulfide material which becomes more refractory as the sulfide boundary is approached. In addition, the transition and sulfide ores can locally contain graphitic and other potential preg-robbing or cyanicide agents.
At an, as yet, undefined location between Buesichem and the North Shaft-Plant deposit, the metallurgy of the mineralized material changes to the south, with the sulfide ores becoming non-refractory and containing free gold. Graphitic material is still present in localized pockets. The ore is generally amenable to gravity recovery and cyanide leach.
The processing of the various ores can be considered in four parts; the Bogoso/Buesichem oxide ores, the Bogoso/Buesichem refractory sulfide material, the Bogoso/Buesichem transition material and the remaining Prestea ores.
During 2000 and 2001, Golden Star, with oversight by SRK, has been working on a feasibility study for the refractory sulfide resources at Bogoso. The sulfide ore from the Buesichem deposit would increase the resources available to the sulfide project.
Historically, the Ghana Chamber of Mines has recorded that over 8 million ounces of gold have been produced from the Prestea concessions, mainly from the underground operations. In addition, in recent times, near-surface mining has been undertaken by illegal artisan miners. The gold has been recovered by gravity and cyanide leach circuits at Prestea while it is understood that the illegal miners use a mercury amalgam technique. Recoveries of around 80% have been reported at the existing Prestea operation by the use of gravity, flotation and CIL processing methods.
8.2 BOGOSO PROCESSING PLANT
The Bogoso mine was commissioned in 1990 with a crushing and grinding circuit for the treatment of oxide ore in a carbon in leach (CIL) circuit. In 1991 a refractory sulfide circuit was commissioned incorporating flotation, filtration and roasting of the sulfide concentrate. Both roasted concentrate and flotation tails were leached in separate CIL circuits. This operated until 1994 following which only oxides were processed until 2000. In November 2000, Bogoso installed a spirals gravity recovery circuit, followed by an intensive
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cyanide leach circuit that was commissioned in January 2001, which allowed transition material to be processed at recoveries of up to 60%. A flash flotation circuit was added in 2001 for recovery of sulfide from gravity middlings. Tailings from this circuit, which average 15 g/t - 20 g/t gold, have been stockpiled for eventual re-treatment when the processing plant is upgraded to treat refractory sulfide resources.
A simplified flow sheet of the present processing plant at Bogoso is shown as Figure 8.1.
The run-of-mine oxide ore is delivered to the crusher pad by rear-dump 50 t capacity trucks. The ore, normally less than 800 mm top-size, is fed into an ore bin by either direct dumping of the trucks or by front-end loader. The ore is discharged from the bin by a vibrating grizzly feeder sizing at 150 mm. The +150 mm oversize is crushed to below 150 mm in a jaw crusher at a rate of 300 t/h and discharged to join the grizzly underflow on the feed conveyor to a crushed ore stockpile.
The crushed ore is drawn from the stockpile via a slot feeder and conveyed to a semi-autogenous (SAG) mill at a nominal rate of 250 t/h. Water and steel balls are added to the SAG mill where the ore is further reduced in size to approximately 80% passing 0.6 mm. The SAG mill discharge is pumped to a cluster of 10 hydrocyclones, which classifies the feed into finer and coarser fractions based on particle size and specific gravity. The cyclone overflow, the finer fraction, flows to two trash screens where wood chips and other oversize materials are removed and then passes to the CIL circuit. The coarser material in the cyclone underflow flows, in part, into a ball mill for further grinding before again being pumped with the SAG mill discharge to the hydrocyclones. The ball mill is in closed circuit with the hydrocyclones. The remaining part of the cyclone underflow passes to a spiral circuit.
Average operating parameters:

Mill throughput                    250 t/h dry

Work Index                         4.5 kWh/t

Specific Power Consumption         8.5 kWh/t

Circulating Load Ratio             2

Steel ball consumption, SAG mill   0.30 kg/t

Steel ball consumption, Ball mill  0.30 kg/t	

The cyclone overflow, normally at a grind- size of 70% - 80% passing 75 Fm, passes into the first of six carbon in leach tanks connected in series and permitting flow of slurry from tank to tank through inter-stage screens. A slaked lime solution is added to the first tank to raise the pH to 10.5. Activated carbon is added to the last CIL tank and is moved from tank to tank by airlift pumps counter-current to the slurry flow. Cyanide is added to the slurry, as sodium cyanide solution, to dissolve the gold contained in the mineral particles. The gold is recovered from the ore solids by leaching and subsequent adsorption onto the activated carbon.
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FIGURE 8.1
BOGOSO PROCESSING PLANT FLOW SHEET
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The gold leaching process requires oxygen which is provided by use of compressed air sparged into the slurry and agitated with mechanical agitators. Oxygen is added to further enhance the process resulting in approximately 3% increase in gold recovery.
The loaded carbon is recovered from the first CIL tank and drained on a recovery screen. The carbon passes to the acid wash column of the carbon treatment circuit.
The tailings flowing out of the final tank, are screened to recover any entrained carbon and then pumped to the tailings dam.
The CIL circuit is operated at a pulp density of 46% solids with a 12 hour residence time and carbon concentration of 12 g/l-15 g/l of pulp.
Part of the SAG Mill cyclones underflow is fed to a spirals feed screen with the oversize passing to the feed sump to a bank of dewatering cyclones. The dewatering cyclone overflow is returned to the SAG mill feed while the underflow, containing the coarser particles is fed to the ball mill.
The underflow from the spirals feed screen is passed to a bank of spiral separators where the heavier minerals, including the pyrite, arseno-pyrite and free gold report to a concentrate. The concentrates are passed through a cyclone and the coarser underflow pass for fine grinding in a recently installed regrind ball mill operating in closed circuit with the cyclone. The regrind mill cyclone overflow is pumped to the refurbished roaster calcine CIL circuit where it is leached in high concentration cyanide. The tails pass over a carbon recovery screen and are settled in a series of settling ponds and then stockpiled for future treatment in the proposed sulfide plant. The loaded carbon from the calcine CIL circuit is recovered and drained on a recovery screen. The carbon passes to the acid wash column of the desorption circuit.
Tails from the cyclone separators are returned, with the spiral feed screen overflow, to the dewatering cyclones and the primary milling circuits.
Middlings from the spiral separators are passed to a recently installed flash flotation cell which recovers any contained sulfide and gold. The flotation concentrate passes to the regrind ball mill circuit while the flotation tails join the spiral tails.
Loaded carbon, is washed with dilute hydrochloric acid solution (3%) in the acid wash column to remove any alkaline materials (calcium, magnesium) that may have been adsorbed onto the carbon. The carbon is soaked for about two hours and then rinsed with water to remove the reaction products and any remaining acid. The carbon is then passed into an elution circuit for stripping of the gold.
In the elution column, the gold is de-sorbed from the loaded carbon by pumping sodium hydroxide solution (3.5%) at 135EC under pressure through the carbon bed. The barren carbon is reactivated by heating in a kiln to 650EC in an inert atmosphere and recycled to the CIL tanks. The gold bearing caustic solution
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from the carbon bed is passed through an electrowinning cell under pressure. The gold in the solution is deposited onto steel wool cathodes.
The gold laden steel wool is calcined and then smelted, with the molten gold poured into graphite moulds to form ingots. The bullion is marked and prepared for shipment.
8.3 OXIDE AND TRANSITION MATERIAL
The mill performance when treating oxide and transition ore at Bogoso over the past five years is shown in Table 8.1.
TABLE 8.1
MILL PERFORMANCE - OXIDE AND TRANSITION MATERIAL

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                   THROUGHPUT            GOLD GRADE       GOLD PRODUCED     GOLD RECOVERY
FISCAL YEAR           (t)                   (g/t)             OUNCES            (%)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1996               1,938,114                2.27             106,090              75
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1997               1,908,505                1.91             108,184            92.3
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1998               2,026,804                2.12             122,585            88.7
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999               2,156,658                2.31             130,475            88.3
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000               2,137,381                2.57             108,643              63
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2001*              1,378,127                2.85              58,807            46.6
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	

* 8 months to 31 August 2001
The treatment capacity of the existing plant when treating oxide ore is around 2.1 million t/a. This drops to around 1.8 million t/a when treating transition ore. Recoveries when treating oxide ores are typically around 86%. Recoveries drop significantly when treating transitional ore to around 65% in the upper horizons to around 40% as the sulfide boundary is approached.
One of the metallurgical problems with some of the mineralized material at Bogoso is that it contains both organic carbon and graphite. These may have differing degrees of preg-robbing characteristics. At lower levels of the oxide zone and in some of the transition material variable degrees of preg-robbing have been noted, although, the use of CIL technology mitigates much of the preg-robbing effect of the organic carbon. Laboratory tests, routinely conducted, suggest that the preg-robbing potential in the oxide ore would reduce the gold recovery by 6% if a carbon-in-pulp circuit were used. The addition of the gravity circuit and flash flotation section has helped to mitigate the effects of graphite in the mill feed, but recoveries are still relatively low when processing transitional or sulfide material. will be more important when processing transition or sulfide material, as a higher proportion could be present in the feed from some areas of the property.
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There are stockpiles of low grade oxide material available at the mine site with grades of around g./t gold. Further amounts of low grade oxide material are exposed ready for mining in the operating and worked pits. The quantity of low grade material has been estimated at 2.0 Mt.
The dumps have been tested both by BGL (October, 1998) and by Kappes, Cassidy and Associates (December, 1998). A preliminary examination has indicated that the ore is amenable to heap leach operation but would require significant cement addition and agglomeration to prevent slumping of the leach pads. Recoveries of 80% would be achieved with the material crushed to 80% passing 25 mm. The study concluded, however, that it would be more economic to treat the material in the existing CIL circuit. If overall operating costs were to be reduced as the mine neared the end of its available resources, then preliminary economics suggest that processing the low grade material through the CIL plant could provide a positive cash flow. The material could also be used to provide feed to the mill during investigations into the processing of sulfide ores.
8.4 SULFIDE ORE
Sulfide ore was mined and processed during the years 1991 to 1994. The plant consisted of comminution, flotation, concentrate roasting and CIL treatment of the calcine and flotation tailings to recover the gold.
The plant did not achieve its sulfide ore design criteria objectives primarily because of poor flotation recoveries. The recoveries were low because the mean depth from which the ore was obtained was 5,021 m RL, a depth currently classified as on the sulfide-transition ore border. The high sulfur feed grade (22%) required to maintain auto-thermal conditions in the roaster could not be achieved without significant cleaning of the concentrate. A de-sliming classification circuit was commissioned on flotation feed to remove some of the slimes. Significant amounts of gold were lost with the fine sulfides to the cyclone overflow. External heat had to be introduced into the roaster by means of diesel-fired burners to compensate for the low sulfur feed grade. Eventually, the burners significantly damaged the roaster internals. The roaster was decommissioned in 1994 and has since been removed for scrap.
The performance of the sulfide plant while in use is summarized in Table 8.2
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TABLE 8.2
MILL PERFORMANCE - SULFIDE MATERIAL

--------------------------------------------------------------------
                   THROUGHPUT          GOLD GRADE      GOLD RECOVERY
--------------------------------------------------------------------
FISCAL YEAR            (t)               (g/t)               (%)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
   1991              448,140              4.86              61.7
--------------------------------------------------------------------
   1992              601,364              5.02              59.7
--------------------------------------------------------------------
   1993              912,533              3.82              67.1
--------------------------------------------------------------------
   1994              101,054               3.5              71.4
--------------------------------------------------------------------	

Annual throughput was less than half that of subsequent oxide processing and recoveries were low, offset somewhat by the higher grade of the sulfide ore treated.
Signet Engineering, in a review of operations of the Bogoso plant (Signet,1999) discussed the four options considered for treating the refractory sulfide ores at Bogoso:
- Replace existing roaster with improved unit. (recovery estimate 71%),
- install bio-oxidation plant while using existing grinding and flotation circuits. (Recovery estimate 74%),
- install bio-oxidation plant with upgraded grinding and flotation circuits. (Recovery estimate 85%), and;
- install pressure oxidation plant treating product from upgraded and grinding circuits. (Recovery estimate 85%).
Signet concluded that the bio-oxidation process with upgraded grinding and flotation circuits would be the best option, but further work was needed before any commitment could be made. Experience with bio-oxidation by Ashanti at Obuasi nearby may give confidence in the bio-oxidation technology recommended.
After taking over the Bogoso operation in 1999, Golden Star initiated a full scale test-work program to determine the best way to process these materials.
A Sulfide Project feasibility study is nearing completion under the auspices of SRK in Johannesburg, who will have the overall review and the final sign off on this project. Most of the work that will comprise the feasibility study was carried out in 2000 and in early 2001. Golden Star has elected to use as much in-house expertise as it can, and has carried out its own exploration work and resource definitions, with SRK being involved to provide the specialist input.
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The process design was carried out with the benefit of an analysis of the performance of the Bogoso process plant when the flotation section was last in operation. The following table compares the original sulfide ore design criteria by Minproc and the actual plant performance for the period between February 1991 and February 1994 when the sulfide plant was operating.
TABLE 8.3
DESIGN CRITERIA VS. PLANT PERFORMANCE 1991-1994

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         ROASTER DESIGN CRITERIA          PLANT PERFORMANCE
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Productivity:
Flotation Feed P80             75 micron              91 micron (final 6 months)
Mill Feed Rate                 112.5 t/h                       131 t/h
Mass Pull                     8 t/h (7.1%)                   5.3 t/h (4.1%)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sulfur:
Feed Grade                    1.6% (typical)                   1.10%
Concentrate Grade              22% (typical)                   24.3%
Float Recovery           97.8% (inferred typical)              87.2%
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gold:
Total Recovery               86% (maximum)                     74.4%
Float tail CIL recovery           60%                           38%
Calcine CIL recovery              88%                           85%
Float recovery            92.9% (inferred max)                 69.7%
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------	

A comprehensive metallurgical test-work program was undertaken aimed at treating ore between 5,030 m RL and 4,860 m RL by means of gravity concentration by the existing spirals, flotation, bacterial oxidation of the combined concentrate and CIL leaching of the oxidized product.
The hardness, the various grades and recoveries of the ore all vary with depth. It is intended to use the existing plant and equipment and supplement that with a Biox section, additional flotation and ancillary equipment.
The test-work identified that:
- the ore increases in hardness and abrasion at depth to the 4925 m level, after which hardness remains constant,
- the existing comminution circuits at Bogoso are capable of treating, on average, 1.5 million t/a ranging from 1.3 million t/a to 1.7 million t/a depending on the depth of the ore,
- flotation gold recovery increases, at depth, from 89% at 5030 m to 96%-97% at 4865 m after which recovery remains constant,
- flotation gold recovery is relatively insensitive to grind particularly below 4985 m. Optimum grind size is relatively coarse at P80 of 140 microns,
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- the relationship between sulphur oxidation and CIL recovery is relatively flat at the higher levels of oxidation making the process relatively robust against fluctuations in sulphur oxidation. Optimum sulphur oxidation is 91%, equivalent to a five-day retention time in the bio-oxidation circuit,
- CIL recovery after 91% sulphur oxidation is 92%, and
- overall expected plant recovery ranges between 81% for ore from the 5020 m level to 88.5% for ore below 4990 m RL.
The following table compares Minproc's roaster design criteria and the present Biox design criteria predicted for 4,985 m RL.
TABLE 8.4
ROASTER VS. BIOX DESIGN CRITERIA

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                           ROASTER DESIGN CRITERIA   4,985 m RL BIOX DESIGN CRITERIA
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Productivity:
Flotation Feed P80             75 micron                     140 micron
Mill Feed Rate                 112.5 t/h                       183 t/h
Mass Pull                     8 t/h (7.1%)                  15.4 t/h (8.4%)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sulfur:
Feed Grade                    1.60% (typical)                  1.76%
Concentrate Grade              22% (typical)                   20.6%
Float Recovery           97.8% (inferred typical)              97.9%
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gold:
Total Recovery                86% (maximum)                    88.0%
Float tail CIL recovery           60%                        not treated
Calcine CIL recovery              88%                          91.9%
Float recovery             92.9% (inferred max)                95.7%
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	

Higher flotation recoveries at a much coarser P(80) grind size of 140 microns are possible due to:
- Gravity and flash flotation stages supplementing the secondary flotation stage, particularly improving upon the arsenopyrite recovery, which is finer by nature and has much higher tendency to over grind and be lost to tails by entrapment in slime during flotation; and
- The grind-float recovery relationships are only slightly sensitive to grind size, making a P80 grind size of 140 microns the economic optimum, significantly reducing slimes being produced in flotation feed. Grind size does not appear to be a parameter that was assessed as part of the 1988 feasibility study.
This much coarser grind size has resulted in a much higher mill feed rate of 180 t/h using the existing comminution equipment.
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Thus, the work carried out to date indicates that a flotation circuit, followed by Biox treatment of the flotation concentrates, is the most suitable in terms of costs and gold recovery. The oxidized concentrate would then report to the existing CIL plant.
The primary ore will be treated in flotation, bio-oxidation and oxidized concentrate CIL circuits. Flotation concentrate will be treated in a BIOX(R) plant to break down the sulfide matrix and liberate the refractory gold. The fines fraction from the classified flotation tailings, containing carbonate minerals, will be used to neutralize the acidic effluent from the BIOX(R) process, resulting in a considerable saving in limestone and/or lime.
Laboratory scale bio-oxidation tests conducted by Gencor Process Research in 1995 indicated that the flotation concentrate was amenable to bio-oxidation and that the gold recovery could be improved from 30% to 50% without oxidation to 92% after oxidation.
More recently, a continuous BIOX(R) pilot plant run was conducted at Lakefield Research Africa on a bulk concentrate sample. The results from the pilot run confirmed the amenability of the concentrate to the BIOX(R) process and provided the data necessary for designing a full-scale plant. It also provided information on reagent consumption, which can be used in the development of accurate operating cost estimates for the BIOX(R) plant.
The pilot plant results indicated that economically optimum sulfide oxidation of 93% could be achieved at a residence time of five days. Gold recoveries of 92% were attained from the BIOX(R) product.
A process design and engineering company, Metallurgical Design Management (MDM) from South Africa, was commissioned to undertake the design for the new sulfide processing facility.
8.5 TREATMENT OF PRESTEA RESOURCES
In October 1998, Steffen, Robertson and Kirsten (SRK) were commissioned by Western Areas (the majority owner of Barnex, the lease holders) to conduct a comprehensive feasibility study into the potential economic open pit mining on the Prestea property. JCI Capital Projects was appointed as sub-contractors to SRK to take responsibility for the process, infrastructure and costing aspects of the engineering design.
The Prestea ores will be treated using the conventional CIL and gravity circuits at the existing BGL process plant. As no physical Prestea ore has actually been treated at BGL, extensive use has been made of the metallurgical and process sections within the SRK feasibility study reports on Prestea, with the results and conclusions therein being compared to current and past BGL performance records.
The majority of the diagnostic and gold recovery test work carried out on the Prestea ores was conducted by Performance Laboratories (Ghana) Limited, at their Prestea office. Currently only crude leach kinetics data is available. More detailed leach kinetics data would have been helpful to determine the leach time
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versus gold recovery efficiencies in the CIL circuit and therefore educated assumptions, based on BGL's operating experience, have been used where there is insufficient information. Further metallurgical test work will still be required to validate the results obtained in the feasibility report.
The Prestea ore types were categorized into five groups, according to origin and degree of oxidation:

North Shaft and Plant oxides      (NSOP)

Plant sulfides                    (PSS)

North Shaft sulfides              (NSS)

Beta Boundary oxides              (BB)

Buesichem oxides                  (BU)	

Buesichem sulfides were not subjected to detailed test-work. Preliminary studies had shown that they were highly refractory, and would not be amenable to a conventional CIL extraction route. These have therefore been included in the resources available to BGL for treatment in the proposed sulfide project.
Beta Boundary sulfides were also not investigated in great detail. However, what work was done indicated that these sulfides were only mildly refractory, and the limited test work returned recoveries of more than 80% in a CIL circuit.
The test program for oxides was based on the following assumptions:
- The ore could have possible refractory or preg-robbing properties. Mineralogical work was needed to confirm this, following which a suitable course of action would be identified.
- A significant amount of gold could be recoverable with gravity concentration. This should be evaluated for different size fractions.
- Heap leaching was an option to be considered, as the gold grade was relatively low. This would include the option of de-sliming the feed.
- Scouting work was required to determine the effect of grind and leaching time.
- There could be advantages to de-sliming the plant feed and treating the two products separately. Gravity concentration and CIL could be employed for the fines and heap leaching on the coarse material.
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The oxide ores were first subjected to a blending exercise and then mineralogical and X-ray diffraction analysis to determine the minerals present. The particle size distribution was then determined as well as gold deportment. Diagnostic leaching was then used to determine whether the ores were refractory in any way and a series of CIL tests were performed at a number of different grinds for a number of different time periods.
The ore was then screened into different fractions and each fraction was reduced to <1 mm and subjected to CIL in order to get an indication of any coarse gold effects. Ore scalping options were examined by subjecting the two smallest fractions to a number of CIL tests at different grinds. Gravity concentration was evaluated by presenting the different ore fractions to a Knelson concentrator with the fractional residues subjected to CIL gold recovery.
Heap leaching was evaluated using the short "bottle roll simulation" on the individual fractions. Following this, tests were performed with 50 mm flooded columns and then by using 150 mm column tests on the whole ore and on an ore which had been scalped of fines. The effect of agglomeration was also evaluated. Settling properties of the ores were determined as well as pulp viscosity.
After the above mentioned tests it was decided to evaluate the effects of different cyanide additions and of stabilizing the pH before commencing with the standard CIL tests. Both of these tests were performed to mitigate the effects of the cyanicides present in the ore.
The program for sulfides was based on the following assumptions:
- The ores will have some degree of refractory and/or preg-robbing properties.
- The ore will be competent and favour milling.
- Options would include gravity, flotation concentration and CIL, processing in various combinations.
- Concentrate would be treated by cyanidation or direct smelting, no oxidation routes would be considered as the gold content of the ore was not sufficient to cover the costs of these.
The ore was subjected to CIL tests at a number of different grinds, cyanide concentrations and for a number of different time periods. The ore was also subjected to gravity concentration tests using a Knelson concentrator at number of different grinds with the residue being treated by CIL gold recovery. The ore was also subjected to gravity concentration using a spiral on <1 mm feedstock with the residue being subjected to CIL tests at a number of different grinds.
Likewise, flotation tests were conducted on the ore at different grinds with the residue being treated by CIL.
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The flotation concentrates were subjected to roasting and fine grinding before being leached to determine the amount of gold recoverable by alternate routes as a means of reference. The primary investigation route for the concentrates was a standard CIL leach.
Diagnostic leach results are summarized in Table 8.5
TABLE 8.5
DIAGNOSTIC LEACH RESULTS - % GOLD EXTRACTION

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STAGE                                       NSOP      BU       BB      PSS       NSS
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cyanide Leach (readily leachable)           84.6       61     76.8     76.6     66.3
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aqua Regia (associated with sulfides)        6.3     16.8     23.2      0.9        8
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Perchloric Acid (associated/adsorbed
by carbonaceous matter)                      4.6      4.8        0     11.7     11.6
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hydrofluoric Acid (locked in silicates)      2.8     13.2        0     10.8     14.1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total (based on heads)                      98.3     95.8       90      100      100
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	

These results indicate that the North Shaft and Plant oxides are fairly readily leachable although some potential preg-robbing minerals may be present. The Buesichem oxides are less amenable to leaching with potential preg-robbers present and larger proportion of the gold is found with the sulfides and silicates in a form not amenable to direct cyanidation. No gold was found associated with silica or carbonaceous material the Beta Boundary oxides making them readily leachable. For the Plant sulfides, the results show little gold associated with sulfides and significant quantities of carbonaceous material. The cyanide leachable gold is lower in these tests than indicated by CIL tests and further tests may be required. The North Shaft sulfides have gold locked in sulfides and silicates and are indicated to be refractory.
The SRK feasibility study came to the following conclusions:
"The component ore bodies of the Prestea Ore reserve each have their own unique response to metallurgical test work.".
"The North Shaft and Plant oxide ore bodies were found to contain tarnished fine free gold, a number of cyanicides and clay type products of weathering. Diagnostic leach tests indicated a recovery of the order of 85% by normal means and this was confirmed during the test work. The gold recovery in the ore was relatively insensitive to grind and cyanide addition variations. Although gravity concentration on the ore resulted in a reasonable gold extraction the combination of gravity concentration with CIL treatment of the residue stream did not show any additional gold recovery when compared to a standard CIL extraction, which achieved in the region of 85% gold extraction. Heap leach test work indicated that agglomerated heap leaching was possible but gold recovery was only in the region of 68%. The comminution test work
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determined that the ore is relatively soft with a predicted breakage energy consumption of 11.4 kWh/t. The ore is sticky with a high pulp viscosity and does not have competent constituents which can facilitate Autogenous or semi-Autogenous grinding."
"The Beta Boundary ore body consists mainly of quartz with up to 20% sulfides present as arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite. The sulfides are only slightly tarnished and the ore responds well to gravity, CIL and heap leach recovery. The CIL recovery is approximately 92% with the agglomerated heap leach recovery being approximately 75%. The ore did not appear to be sensitive to grind and there was no advantage in using a gravity recovery circuit. The ore has a high percentage of fines, a very low Bond Index of 3.88 kWh/t and is not suitable for autogenous or semi-autogenous milling. The ore is extremely sticky."
"The Buesichem ore body consists mainly of quartz, pyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite and iron oxides. The gold is in the fine material and is either free or associated with sulfides or quartz. Diagnostic leaching indicates a very refractory ore with 60% to 70% recovery. The CIL leach test work produced a recovery potential of 72% with the gold recovery improving with leach time, but remaining constant with a variation in grind or cyanide addition. Gravity gold recovery of the ore was extremely poor but the agglomerated heap leach test work produced an extraction of up to 69%. A second Buesichem sample, of lower grade, produced a CIL recovery of 96%, which is indicative of a very variable ore body response to test work."
"A mineralogical examination of the Plant sulfides indicated a potential recovery of 83% to 90%. The ore contains arsenopyrite, organic carbon, graphite, and antimony. At least 20% of the gold is fine and occluded by pyrite and chalcopyrite, thereby preventing efficient gold extraction. This is backed up by the diagnostic leach work, which indicates a readily recoverable gold content of 77%-80%."
"The CIL test work produced an optimum recovery of approximately 84% with the ore being relatively insensitive to leach time but sensitive to grind and cyanide addition. Gravity concentration, using a Knelson Concentrator, with CIL recovery on the residue produced similar to slightly better recoveries. A spiral was evaluated as an alternative for the Knelson and produced good results but further work on this as an alternative gravity concentration mechanism is required. Indicative heap leach work indicated that the ore is unsuitable for heap leaching. Flotation produced good results with overall recovery of approximately 86% when performing a CIL on the concentrate and the flotation residue. A recovery of 77% is possible when not treating the flotation residue for gold recovery. Roasting of the concentrate together with CIL recovery on the concentrate and flotation residue produced a gold recovery of 96%. Fine grinding did not improve gold recovery on the concentrate. Comminution work indicated that the ore is of medium softness and abrasiveness, and unsuitable for autogenous or semi-autogenous grinding. There was no evidence of a dense portion, which may build up in the milling circuit thereby requiring "in mill" crushing. The crushing Work Index is approximately 12.6 kWh/t whilst the predicted mill power consumption is 12.3 kWh/t."
"The North Shaft sulfide ore body is similar to the Plant sulfides but is notably more refractory due to the higher percentage of black shale. There is significantly less coarse gold, and more antimony, arsenic and bismuth in the North Shaft sulfide ore body. Diagnostic leach test work indicates a recovery of 66% to 70%.
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The CIL test work produced an optimum recovery of 70% with the ore being sensitive to grind, cyanide addition and leaching time up to a point where after it was insensitive. Gravity recovery test work was extremely encouraging and indicated a viable treatment route. More work will need to be performed to establish the potential gold recovery from the concentrate but it is expected that overall gold recovery could be in the region of 78%. Flotation test work produced a recovery of approximately 80% of the gold into the concentrate but the concentrate reacted poorly to CIL (51%), fine grinding (69 %) and roasting (69%). Overall recovery with CIL on the flotation product and residue was 57 percent. Flotation with CIL treatment of the concentrates and disposal of the flotation residue produces a recovery of 41 percent only. Spiral test work as an alternative to a Knelson Concentrator produced very encouraging results but more work is needed to clarify the recovery on the middling product, which was assumed to be 100% percent. Comminution work indicated that the ore is extremely soft, non abrasive and unsuitable for Autogenous or semi-Autogenous grinding. There was no evidence of a dense portion, which may build up in the milling circuit thereby requiring "in mill" crushing. The crushing Work Index is approximately 3.2 kWh/t whilst the predicted mill power consumption is 10.7 kWh/t."
Results of the metallurgical test work carried out into the various processing options gave gold recoveries shown in Table 8.6 below:
TABLE 8.6
METALLURGICAL TEST RESULTS - % RECOVERIES

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    TREATMENT ROUTE                       OREBODY
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                            NSOP     BU      BB      PSS     NSS
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deslimed Heap Leach                                         63.8    52.9      --      --      --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agglomerated Heap Leach                                     67.7    67.6    74.5      --      --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CIL on <1mm and Heap Leach
on >1mm                                                     67.1    67.2      --      --      --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CIL                                                         85.2    71.4    91.8    84.2    69.3
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gravity recovery and then CIL                               78.8    69.5    87.4    84.1    78.8
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Spiral Concentrate then CIL on residue                        --      --      --    82.4    86.8
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Flotation then CIL on concentrate and residue                 --      --      --    85.5    57.2
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Flotation, fine grind on conc., CIL on conc. and residue      --      --      --    83.9    69.1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Flotation, roast on conc., then CIL on conc. and residue      --      --      --    95.9    68.5
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	

The results suggest that both the oxides and the sulfides can be successfully treated in the CIL plant at BGL and with the installation of the spirals gravity circuit, the treatment of the North Shaft sulfides (NSS) has been enhanced.
Evidence from treatment of Bogoso ores suggest that the comments in the SRK conclusions regarding the unsuitability of autogenous and semi-autogenous grinding may not be borne out in practice. There is a lot of evidence that the Buesichem oxides are similar to the Bogoso oxides and that there is a proportion of quartz available in the Plant North and Beta Boundary resources that will allow semi-autogenous grinding
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to be successful. In the event that some material proves unsuitable, then additional balls would be added to the mills with some additional cost and possible loss of throughput.
The plant recoveries used in the economic model in cash flow projections are shown in Table 8.7 They are based on the existing plant being upgraded with a Biox plant prior to processing of the refractory sulfides.
TABLE 8-7
PLANT RECOVERIES FOR CASH FLOW ANALYSIS

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROPERTY                         OXIDES        TRANSITION         SULFIDE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                               RECOVERY %      RECOVERY %       RECOVERY %
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Buesichem                           75             45               85
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Plant North                         83             83               84
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Beta Boundary                       92             85               85
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chujah & Dumasi                     82             80               88
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bogoso North                        83             77               85
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bogoso Oxide/Transition             80             45               n.a.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------	

8.6 MARKETING
The Government of Ghana has the right to purchase all gold produced in Ghana at fair market value. This right has not been exercised to our knowledge.
8.6.1 Refining Contracts
A Gold Purchase and Refining Agreement between BGL and Societe Generale is the basis for gold sales.
The purchase price is based on the following:
Purchase price = fine gold content x (London AM gold fix-US$0.55)+(silver content x London silver fix)
Fine gold content of the dore bars will be a minimum of 75% with the weight of bars to be between 8 kg-18 kg (average of 13 kg). Silver content will be 8 %.
8.6.2 Transportation
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Dore bars are transported by armoured carrier (truck) from the mine site to the care of Societe Generale at Kotoka International Airport, Accra Ghana. Risk of loss passes to Societe Generale upon delivery of the dore at the airport. Title to the gold and silver content passes to Societe Generale upon arrival of the carrier at the refiner's airport.
8.6.3 Hedging Contracts
At the present time, no currency hedges or forward sales of gold are in place.
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9.0 ENVIRONMENTAL
9.1 LEGISLATIVE BACKGROUND
Knight Piesold Ltd. have outlined the environmental legislative requirements for mining in Ghana in a draft Environmental Impact Assessment for the Sulfide Project at Bogoso.
9.1.1 Overview of Environmental Legislation in Ghana
Environmental legislation and guidelines which are relevant to the development of mining operations are listed below:
Legislation
- The Environmental Protection Agency Act (1994),
- Environmental Assessment Regulation 1999 (LI1652) - sets out the requirements for environmental permitting, EIA, the production of preliminary environmental reports (PERs) and subsequent EISs, environmental certificates, EMPs and reclamation bonding.
- Explosive Regulations (1970) LI 666
- Forestry Commission Act 571 (1999)
- Minerals and Mining Law (1986) PNDLC 153 - sets out statutory requirements for ownership of minerals and government right of pre-emption, administration, mineral rights and other licences, the mining lease, surrender suspension and cancellation of mineral rights and surface rights.
- Mining Regulations (1970) LI 665 - sets requirements for mining and include the general duties of mine owners, management and control, protection from surface, surface working and inspection.
- Water Resources Commission Act (1996)
- Wild Animals Preservation Act (1961)
- Wildlife Reserve Regulation (1971) LI710
- Wildlife Conservation Regulations 1971 LI 685
Policy Documents
- Forest and Wildlife Policy (1994)
- National Land Policy (1999)
Guidelines
- Environmental Assessment in Ghana, A Guide (1996)
- Environmental Impact Assessment Procedures (1995)
- Environmental Quality Guidelines for Ambient Air (EPA)
- Environmental Quality Guidelines for Ambient Noise (EPA)
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- Ghana's Mining and Environmental Guidelines (1994)
- Sector Specific Effluent Quality Guidelines for Discharges into Natural Water Bodies (EPA
9.1.2 Environmental Impact Assessment in Ghana
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in Ghana can be traced back to the establishment of the Environmental Protection Council (EPC), now the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in 1974 which brought together all issues relating to the protection of the environment.
A government directive in 1989, stated that the EPC was to be consulted formally on all development proposals and issue a "Certificate of Clearance" stating either that no damaging environmental impact will result in the from the implication of the project or that "adequate provisions have been made in project proposals to contain potential adverse environmental impacts". In July 1989, the EPC published the first draft Guidelines for EIA. In December 1994, the Environmental Protection Act 490 was passed and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) replaced the EPC.
In 1994 Ghana's Mining and Environmental Guidelines were published, which provided guidance on environmental factors that should be considered by mine operators, including guidance on EIS content, EMP production and the contents of Reclamation and Decommissioning Plans. In June 1995, the EPA published Ghana's Environmental Impact Assessment Procedures, which was followed in 1996 by a guide providing further guidance on the process. Environmental Impact Assessment was finally formalized in Ghana in June 1999 by the implementation of LI1652 Environmental Assessment Regulations, 1999.
9.1.3 Environmental Impact Assessment Procedures in Ghana
Environmental Impact Assessment is legislated in Ghana through LI1652 Environmental Assessment Regulations, 1999. The legislation falls under the responsibility of the Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology under whom the EPA are the regulatory body responsible for the implementation of EIA procedures in Ghana.
The process for obtaining an Environmental Permit can be summarised as follows
- An application for an Environmental Permit must be formally submitted to the EPA.
- On receipt of the application the EPA screens the application and confirms whether the application is; approved, objected to, requires submission of Preliminary Environmental Report (PER), or requires the submission of an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS).
- Where the EPA approves an application, an Environmental Permit would be issued.
- Where an EIS is required, the first undertaking is to produce a scoping report outlining the extent and terms of reference, including the essential issues to be addressed in the EIA.
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- Where the EPA accepts the scoping report, the applicant is required to:
- give notice of the proposed undertaking to the relevant Ministries, government department and organization of relevance to the undertaking;
- advertise in at least one national paper;
- make the scoping report available for inspection by the public in the locality of the proposed undertaking.
An EIS is also required based on this approved report. The EIS comprises the following sections:
- EA Report (the EIA);
- Environmental Management Plan (EMP);
- Reclamation Plan;
- Provisional Decommissioning Plan.
On receipt of the draft EIS the EPA will publish notice of the report in the mass media. Where it is considered necessary by the EPA, a public hearing will also be held. Where the draft EIS is accepted, the Environmental Permit will be issued. At this stage, for mining projects, the EPA requires a reclamation bond to be posted based on the Costed Reclamation Plan within the EIS.
Where an Environmental Permit is granted, it is valid for 18 months and failure to commence the operation of the undertaking within this time would render the permit invalid. For mining projects, operations are considered to be the commencement of the construction phase.
Where activities are initiated, an environmental certificate is required within 24 months of the date of commencement of the operations. An environmental certificate requires the following to be submitted to the EPA:
- evidence of the commencement of operations;
- acquisition of other permits and approvals where appropriate;
- compliance with mitigation commitments stipulated in the EIS;
- a certificate fee.
For mining projects the EPA also requires the following for the duration of the operations:
- monthly monitoring returns;
- an annual environmental report every twelve months after the commencement of operations and thereafter every year;
- an EMP, eighteen months after the commencement of operations and thereafter every three years.
The EPA may suspend or revoke an environmental permit or certificate, if it is considered necessary.
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9.1.4 EIA Requirements of International Agencies
The International Finance Corporation (IFC), the private investment arm of the World Bank Group, may be considered for financing for the Bogoso Sulfide Project. The IFC has various policy and procedural requirements designed to ensure that the projects in which it invests are implemented in an environmentally and socially responsible manner. The IFC documents and policies include:
- IFCs 1998 Procedure for Environmental and Social Review Projects;
- IFC Operational Policy OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment; and
- Interim World Bank Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines for Mining and Milling - Open Pit (1995).
9.1.5 Requirements for Permitting
Prior to the operation of a mine or an expansion of the Mine, the company is legally obliged to obtain the following documents for the proposed operations:
- environmental permit;
- mining lease; and
- an operating permit (also referred to as a mining permit).
Firstly an environmental permit is required, this is achieved by submitting an EIS to the EPA in-line with statutory procedures. If the EIS is accepted the environmental permit will be issued.
The mining company should also obtain a mining lease from The Minister of Mines, Lands and Forestry, in consultation with the Minerals Commission. The issuing of a mining lease will be based on the submission of the full feasibility report, EPA approval of the EIA and the subsequent issuing of the environmental permit.
Once the environmental permit and the mining lease have been issued, an operating permit is obtained from the Mines Department and renewed on an annual basis.
BGL have been complying with the requirement of these Acts since Golden Star took ownership in 1999.
9.2 Bogoso
BGL currently have a mining permit for the Bogoso concession to mine oxide and transition resources.
The Mining Lease documents various specific responsibilities which BGL must discharge at the termination of the lease. These include:
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- BGL must leave the mining area and surface additions in good condition with respect to the ecology, conservation, reclamation, environment, etc., and take all reasonable measures to leave the surface of the area in useable condition.
- BGL shall transfer to the Government of Ghana all immovable assets and those movable assets which have been fully depreciated for tax purposes.
The costs of mine rehabilitation and social closure/sale costs were calculated at December 31, 1997 at US$12 million. A US$10 million reserve was set aside in a trust account to cover the estimated costs of mine closure and rehabilitation at December 31, 1997. After December 31,1997 an additional provision of US$1.00/t mined (reduced to US$0.50/t after June, 1999 and to be further reduced to US$0.30/t) was accrued for rehabilitation. No bond is posted for the Bogoso property with the EPA or any other authority.
BGL has carried out rehabilitation under its own operating costs since it took over ownership of the Bogoso property in 1999. It keeps meticulous records of work done, areas profiles, areas top-soiled, areas revegetated, etc., together with associated costs. Periodically, the rehabilitation work is audited by independent consultants (Knight Piesold Consulting) who verify the work done and costs to the IFC. The IFC will then release an equivalent sum from the trust account to BGL. The remaining rehabilitation fund amounts to some $3.32 million.
An Environmental Management Plan for the Bogoso Property, produced by Knight Piesold Consulting, was submitted to the EPA in 2001 and no notification of deficiencies has been received.
The rehabilitation cost for the Bogoso property is estimated at $6.1 million.
A separate environmental permit and mining permit will be required for the proposed Sulfide Project. BGL is currently finalizing a Definitive Feasibility Study under the Project Manager SRK. As part of this study, Knight Piesold Consulting is preparing an EIA, which will be submitted to the appropriate Ghanaian authorities.
9.3 Prestea
The current state of the environment on the Prestea property is generally poor, with the main issue being the discharge of tailings from the existing PGR process plant.
The tailings and waste from mining operations at Prestea have been discharged into the Nsuo Kofi River, that flows through the concession northwards to the Ankobra River, since the late 19th century. The discharges are still ongoing and the effects are apparent for several kilometres downstream from where the river joins the Ankobra, rendering the water unfit for human consumption. Some reprocessing of the tailings and waste dumps in the area by Prestea Sankofa Gold Limited with the tailings pumped to a tailings dam, has provided some reclamation.
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The liability for historic mining environmental damage prior to JCI taking over the property rests with the State Gold Mine Corporation (SGMC). When JCI/Barnex took over the property, they continued to dump tailings into the Nsuo Kofi River while they managed the property and were responsible for the damage. However, Barnex were provided with a waiver and release, which released them it from any obligations to the Prestea rehabilitation liability prior to the time of closing the underground operation.
BGL has accepted no environmental liabilities incurred on the Prestea properties and the Government of Ghana has provided PGR and BGL with indemnities with respect to the pre-existing environmental liability prior to granting of the mining lease on June 29, 2001. BGL has offered to carry out the reclamation of the past environmental liability, with the cost of the rehabilitation and the ultimate obligation continuing to be the responsibility of the Government.
With the intention to process all ore from the Prestea properties at the Bogoso plant, all tailings associated with Prestea ore treatment will be confined within tailings impoundments at the BGL plant site and no water will extracted on the Prestea property for processing. The environmental impacts will come from the open pits themselves and will include blasting activities, waste dumps, water discharge and acid rock drainage control.
Rehabilitation works will include:
- removal of infrastructure such as service yards, workshops and pylons,
- removal of all haul roads and access routes,
- ongoing waste dump management including profiling, capping and vegetating, permanent cut-offs and seepage protection around waste dumps, and profiling of the old pits to make them free draining.
BGL has estimated the rehabilitation and closure costs for Prestea at approximately $5.1 million. An environmental charge of $0.30/t ore mined is accumulated as a provision for these costs.
BGL have obtained the mining permit (Permit 0005869/2001 dated September 19,2001) and environmental permit (Permit No. EPA/EIA/044 dated September 18,2001) to start mining the Buesichem Main and North deposits. Specifically the proposed mining operations permitted are:
- mining of oxide ore from Buesichem north deposit by open pit methods;
- deepening and expansion of the existing Buesichem Main pit to extract oxide and transition ores;
- an extension to the existing BGL southern haul road, from the southern most point of the Bogoso concession boundary to the Main pit, along the old railway route for approximately 700 m; and
- construction of a waste rock dump to be located on a green field area in the vicinity of the open pits after backfilling of Diensu South pit.
The environmental permit was issued following submission of a supplemental Environmental Impact Statement, conducted by Knight Piesold Consulting, to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The
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report consisted of an Environmental Impact Assessment Report, an Environmental Management Plan, a Closure Plan and a Costed Reclamation Plan.
The environmental permit for Buesichem requires the posting of a full bond of $470,980 within one month of the issuance of the permit. An alternative payment mechanism of $40,000 cash plus an approved insurance for the balance of the reclamation bond was agreed with the EPA. A one-month extension to the placement of this bond has been verbally granted and written confirmation is awaited.
Knight Piesold have been contracted by BGL to carry out the EIA for the balance of the property north of the Ankobra River and for the Plant North area which will allow applications for mining permits and environmental permits to be obtained. The Beta Boundary EIA will follow.
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10.0 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
10.1 CAPITAL COSTS
Table 10.1 gives the capital expenditures planned by BGL present management in US dollars. AMCL have discussed these estimates with the BGL management and find them to be realistic.
The estimates for the additions to the processing plant to allow for sulfide treatment are based on estimates included in the SRK Bogoso Sulfide Feasibility Study. Other estimates are based on quotes from suppliers, engineered estimates or historical costs.
10.2 OPERATING COST ESTIMATES
Operating costs, in US dollars, have been derived from a number of sources including:
- historical cost trends,
- feasibility study test-work on reagent and power consumption,
- quotations from contractors and suppliers' and
- engineering estimates.
The basic assumptions made for future projection of mining at Bogoso and Prestea are :

Mining Costs:                              Contract Mining (ore and waste)      $1.20/t

Haulage Costs:                                                                  $0.085/km

Processing including ROM Pad Costs:        Oxides                               $4.10/t

                                           Transition                           $4.82 - $5.30/t

                                           Primary                              $5.54/t

                                           Refractory Sulfide                   $10.74/t

                                           Low Grade Oxide                      $3.70/t

Rehabilitation:                            Ore Milled                           $0.30/t	

The costs for supervision of the mining contractor are estimated at $750,000 per year. The general and administration costs for the Ghana operations are estimated at $3,330,000 per year.
The operating costs developed by the above factors were compared with the BGL historic operating costs as shown in Table 10.2 below, and allowance made for any changes in operational procedures. AMCL believes the operating cost projections are realistic.
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TABLE 10.1
CAPITAL COST ESTIMATES

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                ITEM                          UNITS        2001       2002       2003       2004       2005       2006
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EXPLORATION & DEVELOPMENT
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exploration Overhead                          US$'000        113        450         --         --         --         --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exploration Work - Bogoso/Prestea             US$'000        100        800        250        250        250        250
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Prestea Underground Study                     US$'000         60        500         --         --         --         --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL EXPLORATION & DEVELOPMENT               US$'000        273      1,750        250        250        250        250
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MINING & INFRASTRUCTURE
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Haulroad to Buesichem (0.5 km)                US$'000         --         --         --         --         --         --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Haulroad to Ankobra (4.5 km)                  US$'000        575        100         --         --         --         --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Haulroad to Plant North (3.0 km)              US$'000        400        200         --         --         --         --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Haulroad to Beta/Boundary (4.5 km)            US$'000         --         --        200        700         --         --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Haul Road to Plant North Waste Dump           US$'000        100        100         --         --         --         --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dump Sterilization                            US$'000        175         --        100         --         --         --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
North Shaft Pit Development                   US$'000         --         50         --         --         --         --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Main Plant Pit Development                    US$'000         --         50         --         --         --         --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Beta Boundary Pit Development                 US$'000         --         --        100         25         --         --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Blast Control Measures                        US$'000         --        200         --         --         --         --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acid Rock Drainage Controls                   US$'000         --        400         --        300         --         --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Geotechnical Drilling Programs                US$'000         30         70        250         --         --         --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reverse Circulation drill rig                 US$'000         --         --         --         --         --         --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Survey Equipment                              US$'000         --         25         15         --         --         15
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Computer Hardware                             US$'000         10         10         --          5         --          5
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Computer Software                             US$'000         15         65         --         --         25         --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Existing Tailings Dam Lift                    US$'000         --        550         --         --         --         --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
New Tailings Dam Construction and Lifts       US$'000         --         --      1,400        535        573        516
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Biox Tailings Storage                         US$'000         --         --         --         --         --        397
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Capitalised Pre-Stripping for Sulfide Pits    US$'000         --         --         --         --         --         --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sulfide Project Infrastructure                US$'000         --         --         --         --        225        570
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL MINING & INFRASTRUCTURE                 US$'000      1,305      1,820      2,065      1,565        823      1,503
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MAINTENANCE
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Workshop Improvements                         US$'000         --         --         --         --         --         40
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Plant workshop equipment                      US$'000         65         --         --         --         --         60
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL MAINTENANCE                             US$'000         65                                                    100
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              ITEM                             2007         2008       2009       2010       2011       2012      TOTAL
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EXPLORATION & DEVELOPMENT
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exploration Overhead                             --           --         --         --         --         --        563
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exploration Work - Bogoso/Prestea               250          250        250         --         --         --      2,650
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Prestea Underground Study                        --           --         --         --         --         --        560
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL EXPLORATION & DEVELOPMENT                 250          250        250         --         --         --      3,773
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MINING & INFRASTRUCTURE
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Haulroad to Buesichem (0.5 km)                   --           --         --         --         --         --         --
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Haulroad to Ankobra (4.5 km)                     --           --         --         --         --         --        675
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Haulroad to Plant North (3.0 km)                 --           --         --         --         --         --        600
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Haulroad to Beta/Boundary (4.5 km)               --           --         --         --         --         --        900
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Haul Road to Plant North Waste Dump              --           --         --         --         --         --        200
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dump Sterilization                               --           --         --         --         --         --        275
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
North Shaft Pit Development                      --           --         --         --         --         --         50
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Main Plant Pit Development                       --           --         --         --         --         --         50
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Beta Boundary Pit Development                    --           --         --         --         --         --        125
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Blast Control Measures                           --           --         --         --         --         --        200
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acid Rock Drainage Controls                      --           --         --         --         --         --        700
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Geotechnical Drilling Programs                   --           --         --         --         --         --        350
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reverse Circulation drill rig                    --           --         --         --         --         --         --
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Survey Equipment                                 --           --         --         --         --         --         55
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Computer Hardware                                --            5         --         --         --         --         35
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Computer Software                                --           --         --         --         --         --        105
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Existing Tailings Dam Lift                       --           --         --         --         --         --        550
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
New Tailings Dam Construction and Lifts         442          478        410        398        397        481      5,631
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Biox Tailings Storage                            --           --         --         --         --         --        397
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Capitalised Pre-Stripping for Sulfide Pits       --           --         --         --         --         --         --
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sulfide Project Infrastructure                   --           --         --         --         --         --        795
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL MINING & INFRASTRUCTURE                   442          483        410        398        397        481     11,693
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MAINTENANCE
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Workshop Improvements                            --           --         --         --         --         --         40
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Plant workshop equipment                         --           --         --         --         --         --        125
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL MAINTENANCE                                --           --         --         --                              165
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	

ASSOCIATED MINING CONSULTANTS LTD.

GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
QUALIFYING REPORT ON THE BOGOSO-PRESTEA PROJECT, GHANA Page 97

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              ITEM                            UNITS         2001      2002       2003       2004       2005       2006
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROCESSING PLANT
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Strip Solution Heater                         US$'000         --         60         --         --         --         --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mill Discharge Pumps                          US$'000         44         --         --         --         --         --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Regeneration Kiln                             US$'000         --        150         --         --         --         --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Potable Water Upgrade                         US$'000         --         --         --         --         --         --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Security System Upgrade                       US$'000         --         35         --         --         --         --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CV2 Conveyor                                  US$'000         --        110         --         --         --         --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Misc Equipment                                US$'000         10         --         --         --         --         --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Laboratory Upgrade                            US$'000         --        100         --         --         --        200
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Upgrade to Crushing and Grinding Circuit      US$'000         --        100         --         --         --         --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Additional Leach Tanks (3)                    US$'000         --      1,050         --         --         --         --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ongoing expenditures                          US$'000         --        120        100        100        100        100
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BIOX Plant Construction                       US$'000         --         --         --         --         --     20,200
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BIOX Project Management Cost                  US$'000         --         --         --         --         --        217
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BIOX Plant - other associated costs           US$'000         --         --         --         --         --        750
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL PROCESSING PLANT                                        54      1,725        100        100        100     21,467
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INFRASTRUCTURE
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Light Vehicle Replacement                     US$'000         --        289         70         76        129         --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Telecommunications & IT                       US$'000         --         85         30         30         30         30
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Misc                                          US$'000         15         60         40         40         40         40
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL FINANCE & ADMINISTRATION                US$'000         15        434        140        146        199         70
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COMPENSATION & SOCIAL
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Farm Compensations                            US$'000        200         50        100         --         --         --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dumasi Township                               US$'000         --         --         --         --         --      3,000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Housing Compensation                          US$'000        150        150         --        620         --         --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Relocate School and Circuit Courthouse        US$'000         --         --         --        300         --         --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Underground Infrastructure Mitigation         US$'000        150      2,600        600        300        150         --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Demolish Prestea Plant & Workshops            US$'000         --         --         --         --         --         --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Relocate 161 kV Powerlines                    US$'000        200        280        300         --         --         --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reroute 3.3 kV Powerline to Ankobra           US$'000         --         32         --         --         --         --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Relocate Compressors                          US$'000         68         80         --         --         --         --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reroute water pipeline to process plant       US$'000         --         28         --         --         --         --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Demolish Power Station                        US$'000         --        100         --         --         --         --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Relocate non-mine and domestic structures     US$'000         --        777         --         --         --         --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Relocate workshops and warehouse              US$'000         --        650         --         --         --         --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ankobra River Causeway                        US$'000         90        360         --         --         --         --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL COMPENSATION & SOCIAL                   US$'000        858      5,107      1,000      1,220        150      3,000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL CAPITAL EXPENDITURE                     US$'000      2,570     10,836      3,555      3,281      1,522     26,390
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              ITEM                             2007         2008       2009       2010       2011       2012      TOTAL
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROCESSING PLANT
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Strip Solution Heater                            --           --         --         --         --         --         60
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mill Discharge Pumps                             --           --         --         --         --         --         44
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Regeneration Kiln                                --           --         --         --         --         --        150
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Potable Water Upgrade                            --           --         --         --         --         --         --
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Security System Upgrade                          --           --         --         --         --         --         35
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CV2 Conveyor                                     --           --         --         --         --         --        110
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Misc Equipment                                   --           --         --         --         --         --         10
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Laboratory Upgrade                               --           --         --         --         --         --        300
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Upgrade to Crushing and Grinding Circuit         --           --         --         --         --         --        100
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Additional Leach Tanks (3)                       --           --         --         --         --         --      1,050
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ongoing expenditures                            100          100         50         25         --         --        795
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BIOX Plant Construction                          --           --         --         --         --         --     20,200
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BIOX Project Management Cost                     --           --         --         --         --         --        217
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BIOX Plant - other associated costs              --           --         --         --         --         --        750
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL PROCESSING PLANT                          100          100         50         25         --         --     23,821
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INFRASTRUCTURE
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Light Vehicle Replacement                       140           38         --         --         --         --        742
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Telecommunications & IT                          30           30         30         15         --         --        310
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Misc                                             40           40         30         15         --         --        360
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL FINANCE & ADMINISTRATION                  210          108         60         30         --         --      1,412
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COMPENSATION & SOCIAL
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Farm Compensations                               --           --         --         --         --         --        350
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dumasi Township                                  --           --         --         --         --         --      3,000
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Housing Compensation                             --           --         --         --         --         --        920
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Relocate School and Circuit Courthouse           --           --         --         --         --         --        300
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Underground Infrastructure Mitigation            --           --         --         --         --         --      3,800
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Demolish Prestea Plant & Workshops               --           --         --         --         --         --         --
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Relocate 161 kV Powerlines                       --           --         --         --         --         --        780
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reroute 3.3 kV Powerline to Ankobra              --           --         --         --         --         --         32
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Relocate Compressors                             --           --         --         --         --         --        148
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reroute water pipeline to process plant          --           --         --         --         --         --         28
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Demolish Power Station                           --           --         --         --         --         --        100
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Relocate non-mine and domestic structures        --           --         --         --         --         --        777
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Relocate workshops and warehouse                 --           --         --         --         --         --        650
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ankobra River Causeway                           --           --         --         --         --         --        450
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL COMPENSATION & SOCIAL                      --           --         --         --         --         --     11,335
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL CAPITAL EXPENDITURE                     1,002          941        770        453        397        481     52,198
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	

ASSOCIATED MINING CONSULTANTS LTD.

GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
QUALIFYING REPORT ON THE BOGOSO-PRESTEA PROJECT, GHANA Page 98
TABLE 10.2
BOGOSO HISTORIC OPERATING COSTS

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                      2001
              YEAR                                1997         1998         1999         2000      (9 MONTHS)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TONNES PROCESSED                      t         1,908,505    2,026,804    2,156,858      2137382     1529732

TONNES MINED :
    Ore Mined                         t           1938480    1,964,027      2632766      2169938     1237315
    Waste Mined                       t         6,480,529   11,321,010    7,472,651    5,578,071     3440702
TOTAL TONNES MINED                              8,419,009   13,285,037   10,105,417    7,748,009     4678017
GOLD PRODUCED                         ounces      108,184      122,585      130,465      106,998       63334

CASH COST:
    Mining                            $         3,250,561    5,682,506    4,346,521    2,893,285     1506646
    Metallurgy                        $         6,818,732    5,701,632    5,695,225    5,288,703     4951075
    Mine Maintenance                  $         6,190,236    7,828,126    7,906,261    9,537,055     5626328
    Project Engineering               $            49,854
    Finance                           $         3,025,781    2,592,316    1,875,662      822,146      653438
    Administration                    $         4,264,184    4,332,804    3,743,729    3,602,279     2138735
    Supply                            $         1,314,861    1,360,536    1,062,832    1,060,729      574230
    Environment&Safety                $           476,063      441,110      262,342       54,810       55504
TOTAL CASH COST                       $        25,390,272   27,939,030   24,892,572   23,259,007    15505956

OTHER COSTS:
Capital Expenditure                   $         1,809,294    4,806,734    2,748,973    4,410,369     1387206
Mine & Dev't Expend.                  $           421,155      397,632    3,026,860      500,437     1252570
Exploration Expend.                   $         1,534,968    2,742,151    2,134,863      158,669     1273504
Rehabilitation Expenses               $           670,292    1,543,095    1,039,062      701,246      172535
TOTAL OTHER COSTS                     $         4,435,709    9,489,612    8,949,758    5,770,721   4,085,815

TOTAL OPERATING COSTS                 $          29825981   37,428,642   33,842,330   29,029,728    19591771
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

MINING COST/t                         $/t            1.28         1.12         1.32         1.74        1.65
(INC. MINING, MAINTENANCE, SUPPLY)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

COST/t ORE:
    Mining                            $/t            1.68         2.89         1.65         1.33        1.22
    Metallurgy                        $/t            3.52         2.90         2.16         2.44        4.00
    Mine Maintenance                  $/t            3.19         3.99         3.00         4.40        4.55
    Project Engineering               $/t            0.03         0.00         0.00         0.00           0
    Finance                           $/t            1.56         1.32         0.71         0.38        0.53
    Administration                    $/t            2.20         2.21         1.42         1.66        1.73
    Supply                            $/t            0.68         0.69         0.40         0.49        0.46
    Environment & Safety              $/t            0.25         0.22         0.10         0.03        0.04
TOTAL CASH COST                       $/t           13.10        14.23         9.45        10.72       12.53

==============================================================================================================
COST/t GOLD PRODUCED
    Mining                            $/t           30.05        46.36        33.32        27.04       23.79
    Metallurgy                        $/t           63.03        46.51        43.65        49.43       78.17
    Mine Maintenance                  $/t           57.22        63.86        60.60        89.13       88.84
    Project Engineering               $/t            0.46         0.00         0.00         0.00        0.00
    Finance                           $/t           27.97        21.15        14.38         7.68       10.32
    Administration                    $/t           39.42        35.35        28.70        33.67       33.77
    Supply                            $/t           12.15        11.10         8.15         9.91        9.07
    Environment&Safety                $/t             4.4         3.60         2.01         0.51        0.88
TOTAL CASH COST                       $/t           234.7       227.92       190.80       217.38      244.83

TOTAL OPERATING COSTS                 $/t          275.70       305.33       259.40       271.31      309.34
(EXCLUDING ROYALTIES)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	

ASSOCIATED MINING CONSULTANTS LTD.

GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
QUALIFYING REPORT ON THE BOGOSO-PRESTEA PROJECT, GHANA Page 99
10.3 CASH FLOW ANALYSIS
An estimate has been determined of the cash flows which will be generated from the project on a stand-alone basis, given the stated technical cost, anticipated revenues and broader economic assumptions. This does not imply that positive cash flows will generate an accounting profit, nor negative cash flows an accounting loss in the corporate entity and, specifically, a cash flow forecast does not constitute a profit forecast.
All values quoted are in United States Dollars (US$). All cash flows in this report have been prepared using constant September 1, 2001 dollars.
The cash flow analysis has been prepared to over a twelve-year period after which the mine is planned to be closed under the present production schedule. No recognition is made of the potential for upgrading some of the inferred resources to the measured or indicated category or for identifying new resources. It has been assumed that the additions will be made to the Bogoso plant in 2006 to allow processing of the refractory sulfide resources from Bogoso properties and Buesichem.
The cash flow is prepared on an pre-tax basis assuming 100% equity financing. Since BGL carries debt of some $34 million, no tax will be payable by BGL over the period examined for the base case. Corporate tax in Ghana is set at 32.5% for mining projects. A nominal value has been ascribed to the plant and working capital at the end of the period considered although it will in reality have greater value as a potential ongoing operation. It has been assumed that contract mining will be used and that the BGL mobile assets will be sold during 2001 for an estimated $3 million.
AMCL have relied, to a major extent, upon the work of others, as referred to in the body of this report. We have reviewed the data used, where possible, to satisfy ourselves that it is reasonable.
10.3.1 Assumptions
- Mine closure in 2011
- Contract mining
- Mining of oxide, transitional and sulfide material
- 100% internal financing of capital expenditures.
- Capital and operating cost assumptions as discussed in Section 7.0
- Gold price of $275/ounce.
10.3.2 Cash Flow Projection
Table 10.3 provides our estimate of the cash flows that will result from the project over the period until potential closure in May, 2001.
ASSOCIATED MINING CONSULTANTS LTD.

GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
QUALIFYING REPORT ON THE BOGOSO-PRESTEA PROJECT, GHANA Page 100
TABLE 10.3
CASH FLOWS

      PRODUCTION AND REVENUE          UNITS        2001           2002          2003           2004          2005          2006
Total Tonnes Mined                    t          2,020,610      8,382,281     9,041,546      8,376,959     8,483,741     8,139,277
Ore Tonnes Mined                      t            491,664      2,217,602     1,850,411      1,765,506     1,599,752     1,511,287
Total Ore Tonnes Milled               t            477,924      2,068,199     2,094,364      1,784,960     1,911,362     1,721,188
Gold Sold                             oz            25,866        130,535       138,668        147,778       123,833       127,802
Gold Price                            $/oz             275            275           275            275           275           275
Gold Revenue                          US$'000        7,113         35,897        38,134         40,639        34,054        35,145
Silver Revenue                        US$'000            3             13            14             15            13            13
TOTAL REVENUE                         US$'000        7,116         35,910        38,148         40,654        34,067        35,159
                                                 ===================================================================================

OPERATING COSTS
Mining                                US$'000       (2,908)       (12,827)      (13,742)       (12,525)      (12,944)      (12,214)
Processing                            US$'000       (1,959)        (9,685)       (9,247)        (9,224)       (9,112)      (10,283)
Finance & Administration              US$'000         (833)        (3,330)       (3,330)        (3,330)       (3,330)       (3,330)
Government Royalty                    US$'000         (213)        (1,077)       (1,144)        (1,220)       (1,022)       (1,055)
CASH OPERATING COSTS                  US$'000       (5,913)       (26,920)      (27,463)       (26,299)      (26,408)      (26,882)
                                                 ===================================================================================

                                                 ===================================================================================
OPERATING CASH FLOW                   US$'000        1,203          8,990        10,685         14,356         7,659         8,277
                                                 ===================================================================================

CASH FLOW
Operating Cash Flow                   US$'000        1,203          8,990        10,685         14,356         7,659         8,277
Capital Expenditures                  US$'000       (2,570)       (10,836)       (3,555)        (3,281)       (1,522)      (26,390)
Sale of Mining Fleet & Spares         US$'000        3,000             --            --             --            --            --
Rehabilitation Costs/Provision        US$'000         (147)          (665)         (555)          (530)         (480)         (453)
Rehabilitation Fund Drawdown          US$'000           --             --            --             --            --            --
Salvage/Working Capital               US$'000           --             --            --             --            --            --
PROJECT OPERATING CASHFLOW            US$'000        1,486         (2,511)        6,575         10,545         5,656       (18,567)
                                                 ===================================================================================

PRESTEA PROPERTY COSTS
Barnex Payments                       US$'000       (2,000)            --            --             --            --            --
Barnex Royalty                        US$'000         (217)        (1,096)       (1,165)        (1,241)       (1,040)       (1,074)
Government Option Payments            US$'000           --             --            --             --            --            --
PGR Payments                          US$'000       (1,600)        (1,900)           --             --            --            --
Investment Bank Fees                  US$'000         (500)            --            --             --            --            --
Golden Star New Equity (to Barnex)    US$'000        2,000             --            --             --            --            --
TOTAL PRESTEA PROPERTY COSTS          US$'000       (2,317)        (2,996)       (1,165)        (1,241)       (1,040)       (1,074)
                                                 ===================================================================================
BOGOSO OWNERSHIP PAYMENTS
Elliott Payment                       US$'000         (250)          (250)           --             --            --            --
IFC Deferred Payments (Estimate)      US$'000       (2,876)            --            --             --            --            --
IFC Regional Payment (If Triggered)   US$'000       (2,000)            --            --             --            --            --
IFC Sulfide Payment                   US$'000           --             --            --             --            --            --
TOTAL BOGOSO OWNERSHIP PAYMENTS       US$'000       (5,126)          (250)           --             --            --            --
                                                 ===================================================================================

                                                 ===================================================================================
PROJECT CASHFLOW BEFORE TAX           US$'000       (5,958)        (5,757)        5,410          9,303         4,616       (19,641)
                                                 ===================================================================================
Cumulative Cash Flow Before Tax       US$'000       (5,958)       (11,715)       (6,305)         2,998         7,614       (12,026)
                                                 ===================================================================================

Discount Rate                         %                 --              5            10             15            20
NPV                                   US$'000       45,994         25,233        13,592          6,873         2,893	

      PRODUCTION AND REVENUE           2007         2008          2009          2010           2011           2012           TOTAL
Total Tonnes Mined                   8,002,419    8,265,403     8,227,252     8,196,967      4,067,819            --    81,204,275
Ore Tonnes Mined                     1,751,005    1,674,858     1,700,976     1,329,052      1,578,564            --    17,470,677
Total Ore Tonnes Milled              1,473,158    1,592,134     1,365,724     1,326,853      1,324,214     1,603,097    18,743,178
Gold Sold                              129,228      136,333       124,537       128,079        151,368       123,926     1,487,954
Gold Price                                 275          275           275           275            275           275           275
Gold Revenue                            35,538       37,492        34,248        35,222         41,626        34,080       409,187
Silver Revenue                              13           14            13            13             16            13           154
TOTAL REVENUE                           35,551       37,506        34,261        35,235         41,642        34,093       409,342
                                     ===============================================================================

OPERATING COSTS
Mining                                 (10,682)     (10,966)      (10,458)      (10,362)        (5,349)            0      (114,978)
Processing                             (13,393)     (12,730)      (13,990)      (14,207)       (14,222)      (12,636)     (130,688)
Finance & Administration                (3,330)      (3,330)       (3,330)       (3,330)        (3,330)      (37,185)
Government Royalty                      (1,067)      (1,125)       (1,028)       (1,057)        (1,023)      (12,280)
CASH OPERATING COSTS                   (28,471)     (28,151)      (28,806)      (28,956)       (23,873)      (16,989)     (295,131)
                                     ===============================================================================

                                     ==============================================================================================
OPERATING CASH FLOW                      7,080        9,355         5,455         6,279         17,769        17,104       114,210
                                     ==============================================================================================

CASH FLOW
Operating Cash Flow                      7,080        9,355         5,455         6,279         17,769        17,104       114,210
Capital Expenditures                    (1,002)        (941)         (770)         (453)          (397)         (481)      (52,198)
Sale of Mining Fleet & Spares               --           --            --            --             --            --         3,000
Rehabilitation Costs/Provision            (525)        (502)         (510)         (399)        (3,474)           --        (8,241)
Rehabilitation Fund Drawdown                --           --            --            --             --         3,000         3,000
Salvage/Working Capital                     --           --            --            --             --         4,000         4,000
PROJECT OPERATING CASHFLOW               5,553        7,912         4,175         5,427         13,898        23,623        63,771
                                     ==============================================================================================

PRESTEA PROPERTY COSTS
Barnex Payments                             --           --            --            --             --            --        (2,000)
Barnex Royalty                          (1,086)      (1,145)         (336)           --             --            --        (8,400)
Government Option Payments                  --           --            --            --             --            --            --
PGR Payments                                --           --            --            --             --            --        (3,500)
Investment Bank Fees                        --           --            --            --             --            --          (500)
Golden Star New Equity (to Barnex)          --           --            --            --             --            --         2,000
TOTAL PRESTEA PROPERTY COSTS            (1,086)      (1,145)         (336)           --             --            --       (12,400)
                                     ==============================================================================================

BOGOSO OWNERSHIP PAYMENTS
Elliott Payment                             --           --            --            --             --            --          (500)
IFC Deferred Payments (Estimate)            --           --            --            --             --            --        (2,876)
IFC Regional Payment (If Triggered)         --           --            --            --             --            --        (2,000)
IFC Sulfide Payment                         --           --            --            --             --            --            --
TOTAL BOGOSO OWNERSHIP PAYMENTS             --           --            --            --             --            --        (5,376)
                                     ==============================================================================================

                                     ==============================================================================================
PROJECT CASHFLOW BEFORE TAX              4,467        6,767         3,839         5,427         13,898        23,623        45,994
                                     ==============================================================================================
Cumulative Cash Flow Before Tax         (7,559)        (793)        3,046         8,473         22,371        45,994
                                     ===============================================================================

Discount Rate
NPV	

ASSOCIATED MINING CONSULTANTS LTD.

GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
QUALIFYING REPORT ON THE BOGOSO-PRESTEA PROJECT, GHANA Page 101
The above values include the Prestea acquisition costs of approximately $13.7 million (net of $2.00 million of new equity) which includes royalty payments of $8.4 million to Barnex.
Payments to IFC from Golden Star are due under the Agreement with IFC for the purchase of Bogoso. We have included an estimated $2.706 for deferred payments and $2.0 million triggered by acquiring regional resources for processing at Bogoso. In addition, a further $5.0 million deferred payment is payable on the first anniversary of the commencement of commercial mining of the sulfide resources as part of a new sulfide project. This sum has not been included in the cash flow projections as Golden Star are in discussions with IFC regarding the payment. We have not included the cost of corporate overhead for the Golden Star Denver office, but have included a $250,000 payment to Elliot Associates in 2000 and 2001 which is triggered by producing a minimum of 70,000 oz. gold per year from the Bogoso operation.
The net present values at a gold price of $275/oz. and varying discount rates are shown in Table 10.4 below.
TABLE 10.4
NPV AT $275/OZ. GOLD PRICE

---------------------------------------------------------
    Discount Rate                   Net Present Value
        (%)                              ($000)
---------------------------------------------------------
         0                               45,994
---------------------------------------------------------
         5                               25,233
---------------------------------------------------------
        10                               13,592
---------------------------------------------------------
        15                                6,873
---------------------------------------------------------
        20                                2,893
---------------------------------------------------------	

The level of discount rate that should be used in a valuation is subject of considerable debate. The discount rate used can be determined by a number of methods including:
- Weighted average cost of capital to the company net of inflation,
- standard rates which may ignore individual risk but which provide comparison between projects on a common basis, and;
- a rate which reflects the valuers assessment of the risks inherent to the specific project.
AMCL uses the latter method for mining related projects.
In assessing the level of risks for this project we have identified a number of risks as discussed below:
ASSOCIATED MINING CONSULTANTS LTD.

GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
QUALIFYING REPORT ON THE BOGOSO-PRESTEA PROJECT, GHANA Page 102
There is a risk that forecast production rates through the mill are below those assumed. The throughput rates are based on those actually achieved in recent years processing ore with similar milling properties for oxides and transition ore and estimates based on extensive test work for the sulfide ores.
There is a risk that the gold grade of the feed to the mill is below that forecast. Reconciliation between the geological model and the actual mined grade have historical been close. While the model has under-estimated the tonnes of ore actually mined, the grade has been accurately forecast. On average , over the first six months of 2001, the grade was over-estimated by the model by 3.52%. In the production forecasts, it has been assumed that there will be a reduction of 6.7% in the grade of the mined ore versus that estimated by the model.
The risks of currency exchange are negligible since most costs, including wages and salaries, are incurred in US dollars and revenues for the gold are received in the same currency.
It is the opinion of AMCL that a discount rate of around 8% is appropriate for this project.
10.3.3 Sensitivities
AMCL has examined the sensitivity of the net present value for the project against various gold price assumptions as shown in Table 10.5. The actual realizations for April and May,1999 have been retained.
TABLE 10.5
SENSITIVITY OF NET PRESENT VALUES TO GOLD PRICE

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DISCOUNT RATE       %          0           5          10          15          20
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                   245       5,095      (4,229)     (8,467)    (10,205)    (10,713)

                   260      25,545      10,502       2,562      (1,666)     (3,910)

                   275      45,994      25,233      13,592       6,873       2,893

                   290      65,244      39,020      23,862      14,790       9,177

                   305      85,694      53,751      34,892      23,328      15,980
                 -------------------------------------------------------------------	

There is significant upside potential should gold prices increase from their present levels. The project is sensitive to gold price, moderated to some degree by the Barnex royalty structure. The acquisition cost of the Prestea property and the capital costs of the sulfide project have been included in the cash flow calculations which, on the assumptions made, indicate they would be fully recovered, without any return, provided the gold price remains above $252/oz.
The sensitivity of the project NPV to changes in gold grade of the material milled is illustrated in Table 10.6.
ASSOCIATED MINING CONSULTANTS LTD.

GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
QUALIFYING REPORT ON THE BOGOSO-PRESTEA PROJECT, GHANA Page 103
TABLE 10.6
SENSITIVITY OF NET PRESENT VALUE TO GRADE

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DISCOUNT RATE       %          0           5          10          15          20
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    20      127,832      84,485      58,152      41,500     30,566

                    10       86,913      54,859      35,872      24,186     16,729

                     0       45,994      25,233      13,592       6,873      2,893

                   -10        5,076      (4,394)     (8,689)    (10,441)   (10,944)

                   -20      (35,843)    (34,020)    (30,969)    (27,755)   (24,781)
                 -------------------------------------------------------------------	

The project is sensitive to grade. However, historical data suggests that the grade control measures operated by Bogoso are effective with the grade of ore mined being very close to that estimated from mine models.
The sensitivity of the project NPV to capital costs is shown in Table 10.7.
TABLE 10.7
SENSITIVITY OF NET PRESENT VALUE TO CAPITAL COSTS

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DISCOUNT RATE       %          0           5          10          15          20
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    20       35,555      16,922       6,833       1,273     (1,824)

                    10       40,774      21,077      10,213       4,073        534

                     0       45,994      25,233      13,592       6,873      2,893

                   -10       51,214      29,388      16,971       9,673      5,251

                   -20       56,434      33,544      20,350      12,472      7,609
                 -------------------------------------------------------------------	

The project is less sensitive to capital costs than to the factors that effect revenue such as grade, gold price, production and gold recovery. The Prestea acquisition costs are essentially fixed so that capital expenditures up to 2006 are unlikely to change significantly. The capital costs for the sulfide project have a 15% contingency included and could be deferred should additional oxide or non-refractory sulfide ore be identified during the planned exploration programs.
The sensitivity of the project NPV to operating costs is shown in Table 10.8
TABLE 10.8
SENSITIVITY OF NET PRESENT VALUE TO OPERATING COSTS

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DISCOUNT RATE       %          0           5          10          15          20
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    20      (10,576)    (16,031)    (17,610)    (17,468)   (16,614)

                    10       17,709       4,601      (2,009)     (5,298)    (6,861)

                     0       45,994      25,233      13,592       6,873      2,893

                   -10       74,279      45,865      29,193      19,043     12,646

                   -20      102,565      66,497      44,793      31,214     22,399
                 -------------------------------------------------------------------	

ASSOCIATED MINING CONSULTANTS LTD.

GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
QUALIFYING REPORT ON THE BOGOSO-PRESTEA PROJECT, GHANA Page 104
Operating costs have a significant impact on cash flows. However, AMCL consider the base estimates to be realistic by with only a small downside or upside potential, provided planned production is achieved. This is because mining and transportation will be undertaken on a contract basis and milling costs are well established at Bogoso.
10.3.4 Payback Period
The cash flow analysis indicates that $6.0 million is required for funding in 2001 of which $4.73 million is due to the IFC. This would be recovered, from cash flow, early in the second full year after the acquisition of Prestea. Additional payments required to PGR in 2002 of $1.9 million and the ongoing royalty to Barnex for the first 1 million ounces of production, are funded out of cash flow.
The major capital expenditures for the sulfide project are planned for the year 2006. These expenditures would be recovered from cash flows within approximately four years.
ASSOCIATED MINING CONSULTANTS LTD.

GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
QUALIFYING REPORT ON THE BOGOSO-PRESTEA PROJECT, GHANA Page 105

11.0  INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS

-     The acquisition of Prestea concessions by BGL will provide additional
      oxide and non-refractory primary ore for processing through the existing
      BGL processing plant for a period of at least five years. The upgrading of
      inferred resources, plus the potential for additional resources from
      exploration of identified prospects, could increase this period. Treatment
      of sulfide resources could extend the mine life by at least a further five
      years.

-     AMCL is satisfied that the resource models conform to industry standard
      practice and that the resource estimations are reasonable and supported by
      actual recoveries at the BGL plant.

-     The Golden Star Resources press-release of October 02, 2001 is supported
      by the resource estimation contained in this report.	

- The in-situ resources available at Bogoso-Prestea are:

---------------------------------------------
                  TONNES        GRADE (g/t)
---------------------------------------------
  Measured      11,783,458         3.76

  Indicated     13,424,556         2.99

  Inferred       6,108,050         2.79

  Total         31,316,064         3.24
---------------------------------------------	

- The reserves available at Bogoso-Prestea are:

---------------------------------------------
                  TONNES        GRADE (g/t)
---------------------------------------------
  Proven         9,227,533         3.46

  Probable       8,223,141         2.66

  Total         17,460,674         3.08
---------------------------------------------	

- Mining will be undertaken by a mining contractor and will involve drilling and blasting ore and waste, and loading with hydraulic excavators onto 50 t capacity rear dump haul trucks. Waste will be stored locally and rehabilitated as mining progresses. Ore from south of the Ankobra River will be stockpiled and then loaded into on-highway trucks for haul to the BGL processing plant.
- BGL do not have liability for historic environmental damage on the Prestea concession. They have an environmental management program in place to ensure compliance with legislative requirements and to rehabilitate any lands affected by future mining. Funds are available for final reclamation at the end of the mine's life.
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GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
QUALIFYING REPORT ON THE BOGOSO-PRESTEA PROJECT, GHANA Page 106
- The existing gravity/cyanide leach circuit at BGL, with minor upgrading, is capable of treating oxide and non-refractory primary ores from Bogoso and Prestea at economic gold recoveries.
- The addition of a bio-oxidation circuit and other modifications to the BGL processing plant will allow the treatment of refractory sulfide ores with economic gold recoveries.
- Capital costs, over the 12 year mine life, are estimated at $52 million.
- Cash operating costs are estimated at $190/ounce of gold over the mine's life.
- The planned future operations at Bogoso-Prestea provided an un-discounted pre-tax cash flow of $46 million over the mine's life at a gold price of $275/ounce.
- The project is quite sensitive to changes in gold price, ore grade, production rates, and operating costs and less sensitive to capital costs.
- AMCL considers the Bogoso-Prestea concession to be a property of merit.
ASSOCIATED MINING CONSULTANTS LTD.

GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
QUALIFYING REPORT ON THE BOGOSO-PRESTEA PROJECT, GHANA Page 107
12.0 REFERENCES
Blenkinsop, T., et al:

1994        Structural Geology of the Ashanti Mine. In: Oberthur, T.;
            Metallogenesis of Selected Gold Deposits in Africa. Geologisches
            Jahrbuch, Reihe D, Heft 100, Hannover, 1994.	

Bogoso Gold Limited:
2001 Prestea Due Diligence Resource Evaluation, April 2001.
Bogoso Gold Limited:
2001 Environmental Management Plan, prepared for BGL by Knight Piesold Consulting, 2001.
Bogoso Gold Limited:

2001        Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Report, prepared by Knight
            Piesold Consulting as part of the SRK Sulfide Ore Treatment
            Definitive Feasibility Study, May 16, 2001.	

Craven, A.L.& McCandlish, K.:

1999        Bogoso Gold Limited, Independent Engineering Report prepared for
            Golden Star Resources Ltd. prepared by Associated Mining Consultants
            Ltd., June 1999.	

Environmental Protection Agency:
2001 Environmental Permit for Bogoso Gold Limited's Buesichem and North Deposits Only, Permit No. EPA/EIA/044 September 18, 2001.
Ghana Concessions Ordinance:
2001 Prestea Mining Lease, Mining Permit 0005869/2001, September 19, 2001.
Golden Star Resources Ltd.:

2000        Information Memorandum, Acquisition of the Prestea Gold Project by
            Golden Star Resources Ltd., October 2000.

                                              ASSOCIATED MINING CONSULTANTS LTD.	

GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
QUALIFYING REPORT ON THE BOGOSO-PRESTEA PROJECT, GHANA                  Page 108

Golden Star Resources Ltd.:

2001        Information Memorandum, Consolidation of Bogoso and Prestea Gold
            Projects, September 2001.

Knight Piesold Consulting:

2001        Bogoso Gold Ltd. Mining of Buesichem Main and North Deposits,
            Supplementary Environmental Impact Statement, August 2001.	

Leube, A. et al:
1990 The early Proterozoic Birimian Supergroup of Ghana and some aspects of its associated gold mineralization. Prec. Res.46: 139-165.
Mucke A. and Dzigbodi-Adjimah, K.:

1994        Ore Textures and Parageneses of the Prestea and Obuasi Gold Deposits
            in the Ashanti Belt of Ghana: An Ore Microscope Study. In: Oberthur,
            T.; Metallogenesis of Selected Gold Deposits in Africa. Geologisches
            Jahrbuch, Reihe D, Heft 100, Hannover, 1994.	

Oberthur, T., et al:

1994        The Ashanti Gold Mine at Obuasi, Ghana: Mineralogical, Geochemical,
            Stable Isotope and Fluid Inclusion Studies on the Metallogenesis of
            the Deposit. In: Oberthur, T.; Metallogenesis of Selected Gold
            Deposits in Africa. Geologisches Jahrbuch, Reihe D, Heft 100,
            Hannover, 1994.	

Steffen Robertson and Kirsten (UK) Ltd.:
2001 Statistical Review and Resource Evaluation of Plant North and Buesichem Deposits, Prestea, Ghana. July 26, 2001.
Steffen Robertson and Kirsten (UK) Ltd.:
2001 BGL Prestea Resource Estimation. October 2001.
Steffen Robertson and Kirsten (UK) Ltd.:

1999        Prestea Gold Project, Feasibility Study for Open Pit Mine, Phase !
            Study Report to Western Areas Limited. Report 257644, May 1999.

                                              ASSOCIATED MINING CONSULTANTS LTD.	

GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
QUALIFYING REPORT ON THE BOGOSO-PRESTEA PROJECT, GHANA                  Page 109

Steffen Robertson and Kirsten (UK) Ltd./Golden Star Resources Ltd.:

2000        Bogoso Gold Project, Sulfide Ore Treatment Pre-Feasibility.

Steffen Robertson and Kirsten (UK) Ltd./Golden Star Resources Ltd.:

2001        Bogoso Gold Project, Sulfide Ore Treatment Definitive Feasibility
            Study, August 2001 DRAFT.	

ASSOCIATED MINING CONSULTANTS LTD.

GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.

QUALIFYING REPORT ON THE BOGOSO-PRESTEA PROJECT, GHANA                  Page 110

CERTIFICATES

I, Keith McCandlish, P.Geol.;

1.    Am currently employed by:  Associated Mining Consultants Ltd. (AMCL)
                                 Suite 200, 708-11th Avenue S.W.,
                                 Calgary, Alberta, CANADA, T2R 0E4	

in the capacity of: Manager of Mineral Services
2. Am a Professional Geologist (P.Geol.) registered with the Association of Professional Engineers, Geologists and Geophysicists of Alberta (APEGGA). A summary of my relevant experience follows;
Over twenty years of consulting geological and engineering experience in minerals, oil sands/heavy oil, precious stones, coal and industrial minerals. In 1988 he joined Associated Mining Consultants Ltd. where he is now Manager of Mineral Services focussing on corporate finance, due diligence, technical audits, and, mining fraud investigation.
Mr. McCandlish has been actively involved on due diligence evaluations of mining projects covering a range of mineral commodities and has had extensive experience in exploration property valuations, analysis of project economics, exploration logistics, assaying and project management. Detailed due diligence evaluations have been conducted for a number of mining operations including:
- Greenstone Resources Las Libertad and Cerro Mahon open-pit gold projects
- Navan Resources Chelopech copper-gold and Almagrera copper-zinc underground mines
- Avocet Resources Penjom open-pit gold mine
- Sutton Resources Bulyanhulu gold mine
- Randgold Resources Syama mine
3. Am a "Qualified Person" for the purposes of National Instrument 43-101.
4. Have visited the various sites which are the subject of this report from July 06, 2001 through July 10, 2001.
5. Have previously visited the site from June 15, 1999 through June 18,1999 in connection with a due diligence evaluation on behalf of a lender for the acquisition of Bogoso Gold Limited by Golden Star Resources Ltd.. I subsequently participated in the preparation of
ASSOCIATED MINING CONSULTANTS LTD.

GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
QUALIFYING REPORT ON THE BOGOSO-PRESTEA PROJECT, GHANA Page 111
a Qualified Persons Report submitted to the Toronto Stock Exchange, Ontario Securities Commission and, the Securities and Exchange Commission in the United States.
6. Have been involved in all aspects of the preparation of this technical report and am Project Manager for its preparation.
7. Am not aware of any material fact or material change with respect to the subject matter of the technical report which is not reflected in the technical report, the omission to disclose which makes the technical report misleading.
8. Am independent of the issuer applying all of the tests in Section 1.5 of National Instrument 43-101.
9. Have read National Instrument 43-101 and Form 43-101F1, and the technical report has been prepared in compliance with this instrument and Form 43-101F1.
Dated this 13th Day of December, 2001 at Calgary, Alberta, CANADA

/s/ Keith McCandlish      [KEITH MCCANDLISH PROFESSIONAL SEAL]

Keith McCandlish, P.Geol.
Manager of Mineral Services
Associated Mining Consultants Ltd.	

ASSOCIATED MINING CONSULTANTS LTD.

GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.

QUALIFYING REPORT ON THE BOGOSO-PRESTEA PROJECT, GHANA                  Page 112

I, Alan L. Craven, P.Eng.;

1.    Am currently employed by:  Associated Mining Consultants Ltd.
                                 (AMCL) Suite 200, 708-11th Avenue S.W.,
                                 Calgary, Alberta, CANADA, T2R 0E4	

in the capacity of: Vice President and General Manager
2. Am a Professional Engineer (P. Eng.) registered with the Association of Professional Engineers, Geologists and Geophysicists of Alberta (APEGGA) and hold an Honours Degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of Durham, England and a Post-Graduate Certificate in Ore Dressing from the University of Newcastle. A summary of my relevant experience follows;
Over forty years of operational, consulting and engineering experience in minerals, oil sands/heavy oil, precious stones, coal and industrial minerals. I joined Associated Mining Consultants Ltd. in 1978 where I am Vice President and General Manager focussing on corporate finance, project management, due diligence, process engineering studies and operational assistance.
Mr. Craven has been actively involved in the writing of Qualified Person's Reports and due diligence evaluations of mining projects covering a range of mineral commodities and has had extensive experience of project economics, valuations and project management.
3. Am a "Qualified Person" for the purposes of National Instrument 43-101.
4. Have visited the various sites which are the subject of this report from July 06, 2001 through July 10, 2001.
5. Have previously visited the site from June 15, 1999 through June 18,1999 in connection with a due diligence evaluation on behalf of a lender for the acquisition of Bogoso Gold Limited by Golden Star Resources Ltd. I subsequently participated in the preparation of a Qualified Persons Report on the property submitted to the Toronto Stock Exchange, Ontario Securities Commission and, the Securities and Exchange Commission in the United States.
6. Have been involved in all aspects of the preparation of this technical report with special emphasis on the metallurgical and economic aspects.
7. Am not aware of any material fact or material change with respect to the subject matter of the technical report which is not reflected in the technical report, the omission to disclose which makes the technical report misleading.
ASSOCIATED MINING CONSULTANTS LTD.

GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
QUALIFYING REPORT ON THE BOGOSO-PRESTEA PROJECT, GHANA Page 113
8. Am independent of the issuer applying all of the tests in Section 1.5 of National Instrument 43-101.
9. Have read National Instrument 43-101 and Form 43-101F1, and the technical report has been prepared in compliance with this instrument and Form 43-101F1.
Dated this 13th Day of December, 2001 at Calgary, Alberta, CANADA

/s/ Alan L. Craven      [ALAN L. CRAVEN PROFESSIONAL SEAL]

Alan L. Craven P.Eng.
Vice President and General Manager
Associated Mining Consultants Ltd.	

ASSOCIATED MINING CONSULTANTS LTD.

EXHIBIT 10(ff)
MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT
BETWEEN
PRESTEA GOLD RESOURCES LIMITED
AND
BOGOSO GOLD LIMITED
AND
PRESTEA GOLDFIELDS LIMITED
AND
STATE GOLD MINING COMPANY LIMITED
AND
GHANA MINEWORKERS UNION OF THE TUC (GHANA)
AND
THE REPUBLIC OF GHANA
DATED MARCH 14, 2002

MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT made the 14 day of March, 2002 between:
Prestea Gold Resources Limited a company registered under the laws of the Republic of Ghana (hereafter referred to as "PGR"),
Bogoso Gold Limited a company registered under the laws of the Republic of Ghana (hereafter referred to as "BGL"),
Prestea Goldfields Limited a company registered under the laws of the Republic of Ghana (hereafter referred to as "PGL"),
State Gold Mining Company Limited a Public Limited Liability Company registered under the laws of Ghana of P. O. Box 3634 Accra in the Greater Accra Region (hereinafter referred to as "SGMC"),
Ghana Mineworkers Union of the TUC (Ghana) as the majority shareholder of PGR and as representative of the unionised employees of PGR (hereinafter referred to as "GMWU"), and,
The Republic of Ghana, acting through the Minister of Mines (hereinafter referred to as "Government"),
WHEREAS:
A. In 1994 Government, acting through the Divestiture Implementation Committee divested its interest in PGL to JCI Limited and accordingly the Government also granted a 30 year gold Mining Lease to the said Company over the Prestea Concession Area (the "JCI Mining Lease").
B. Pursuant to the said divestiture a certain Project Development and Prestea Main Agreement respectively dated September 13, 1995 and May 20, 1996 were made between JCI Limited, Barnato Exploration Limited, Barnex (Prestea) Limited (collectively the "JCI Group") the Government, SGMC and PGL (the "Prestea Agreements") whereby certain specific rights were acquired and obligations assumed by the parties thereto in relation to the Prestea Concession Area including the right of the JCI Group to acquire at its sole discretion all or any of the Underground Mining Assets.
C. In accordance with the Prestea Agreements the JCI Group assumed management of the Underground Mine until September 16, 1998 when the JCI Group informed the Government that it could no longer operate the Underground Mine economically and therefore ceased same whilst retaining the JCI Mining Lease.
D. SGMC is the beneficial owner of the Underground Mining Assets through its 100% owned and controlled subsidiary PGL which is the legal owner of the Underground Mining Assets.
E. In December 1998, PGR upon application to the Government through the Divestiture Implementation Committee obtained the consent and approval of the Government, the JCI Group, and SGMC to take over and operate the Underground Mine using therefor

MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT PAGE 2
the Underground Mining Assets on an interim basis and subject specifically to the rights vested in the JCI Group under the subsisting Prestea Agreements.
F. In October 2000 or thereabouts some differences arose between the Government and the JCI Group in relation to the subsisting Prestea Agreements, the JCI Mining Lease and the competing interests of third parties including PGR, PSGL and BGL in relation to the Prestea Concession Area.
G. In an effort to find a compromise solution to the major issues relating to the Prestea Concession Area, the Government by letter dated March 29, 2001 appointed the then Chief Executive Officer of the Ghana Chamber of Mines, Mr. Bentum Williams as Mediator with a specific mandate to find a negotiated solution that would harmonise the interests of the JCI Group, PGR, PSGL and BGL in the Prestea Concession Area and also ensure sustainable mining operations within the Prestea - Bogoso area. The Mediator issued a final report to the Government dated May 21, 2001 which said report is attached as Schedule "A" making therein specific recommendations in relation to the Prestea Concession Area which said recommendations were subsequently accepted by Government and provide the basis for the entry into and implementation of new commercial arrangements relating to the Prestea Concession Area among various parties.
H. In furtherance of the new commercial arrangements, (i) Golden Star Resources Ltd ("Golden Star"), the parent of BGL, entered into the Barnex Agreement whereby Golden Star committed to pay approximately $12 million in Golden Star stock and royalties to Barnato Exploration Limited, (ii) BGL entered into the Investment Agreement with PGR whereby PGR surrendered its then rights over the Prestea Concession Area in favour of the grant of the PGR Mining Lease and cash payments of up to $4.0 million from BGL, of which $2.1 million has been paid, and (iii) the parties to the Prestea Agreements decided to terminate the Prestea Agreements on mutually agreed terms and conditions to facilitate the entry into and implementation of various new agreements relating to the Prestea Concession Area with a view to permitting the co-existence of underground mining operations and surface mining operations.
I. PGR was granted the PGR Mining Lease by the Government on June 29, 2001 conferring on PGR the exclusive right to conduct underground gold mining operations within the Prestea Concession Area below a depth of 150 metres below sea level for a period of thirty (30) years effective from the date of the said PGR Mining Lease as specifically defined in the said PGR Mining Lease.
J. Similarly, BGL was granted the BGL Mining Lease by the Government on June 29, 2001 conferring on the company the exclusive right to conduct surface gold mining operations over the Prestea Concession Area for a period of thirty (30) years effective from the date of the said BGL Mining Lease as specifically defined in the said BGL Mining Lease.
K. PGR and BGL have with the consent and approval of the Government entered into the Investment Agreement to promote jointly both surface and, if feasible, underground gold mining operations on the Prestea Concession Area.
L. Pursuant to the Investment Agreement, BGL has paid $2.1 million to PGR and the parties have entered into the Joint Operating Agreement.

MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT PAGE 3
M. PGR, PGL and SGMC have entered into the Licence Agreement, whereby PGR has the right to utilize the Underground Mining Assets in return for the payment of rent to PGL.
N. PGR discontinued underground gold mining operations on January 21, 2002 due to an industrial action.
O. PGR is highly indebted with total liabilities to creditors (excluding employee liabilities) of approximately $10.5 million and has been operating at a loss.
P. Government intends to use best endeavours to cause the creditors of PGR, in so far as it is able, to enter into an arrangement with PGR.
IN CONSIDERATION OF THE MUTUAL COVENANTS IN THIS MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT, THE PARTIES AGREE AS FOLLOWS:
ARTICLE 1 - DEFINITIONS AND INTERPRETATIONS
1.0 As used in this Agreement:
"AGREEMENT" means this Memorandum of Agreement and all schedules and instruments in amendment or confirmation of it; "hereof', "hereto", and "hereunder" and similar expressions mean and refer to this Memorandum of Agreement and not to any particular Article, Section, Subsection or other subdivision; "Article", "Section", "Subsection" or other subdivision of this Memorandum of Agreement followed by a number means and refers to the specified Article, Section, Subsection or other subdivision of this Memorandum of Agreement;
"APPLICABLE LAW" means all applicable laws of the Republic of Ghana, including, without limitation, the PNDCL 153;
"ASSESSMENT" means the assessment of the Underground Mine more fully described in Article 4.2;
"BACK PAY" means the salary arrears of approximately $1,500,000 owed to the PGR Employees and PGR Casual Employees for the five month period from August 20, 2001 to January 20, 2002;
"BGL" means Bogoso Gold Limited, a company incorporated under the laws of Ghana having its registered office at 32 Akosombo Road, Airport Residential, Accra, Ghana;
"BGL MINING LEASE" means the mining lease dated June 29, 2001 attached as Schedule "C" issued by the Government to BGL pursuant to Section 45 of the PNDCL 153;
"BUSINESS DAY" means any day other than a Saturday, Sunday or official public holiday in the city of Accra, Ghana or in the city of Denver, U.S.A.;
"CARE & MAINTENANCE" means the continued operation, following the cessation of active mining operations in the Underground Mine, of the Underground Mine dewatering pumps to keep the Underground Mine dewatered as well as the routine and periodic maintenance of essential mine equipment to ensure that its mechanical condition does not deteriorate;
"DECISION TO MINE" means the decision to start commercial production from the underground but excludes any production that may occur as result of sweeping and vamping operations conducted during the assessment period;

MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT PAGE 4
"DEED OF WARRANTY" means the Deed of Warranty dated December 17, 1987 between BGL (formerly known as Canadian Bogosu Resources Limited) and Government and bearing registration number AC6099c/87;
"DOLLARS" or "$" means the currency that is from time to time, legal tender for the payment of all private and public debts in the United States of America;
"EFFECTIVE DATE" means March 15, 2002;
"ENVIRONMENTAL INDEMNITY" means the environmental indemnity agreement between PGR and Government executed on December 21, 2001 attached as Schedule "E";
"EXPLOITATION COMPANY" means the business entity or legal structure through which the JV Parties shall hold the JV Assets and conduct Operations pursuant to the Joint Venture Agreement. The Exploitation Company shall be determined by the JV Parties giving due regard to the tax, legal liability, and other considerations of each JV Party, as well as any necessary Government approvals;
"FEASIBILITY STUDY" means a comprehensive description of the construction, development, mining, processing, and marketing plan for a mine to exploit Minerals from the PGR Mining Lease in such form and substance as would reasonably be required by a commercial bank involved in project finance, in making an investment decision to place such a mine into production. The Feasibility Study shall include the confirmation of Ore Reserves by the conduct of detailed drilling works, hydrological and geo-technical works, environmental studies, and, if deemed necessary by the Manager, the mining of one or more bulk samples of mineralisation for metallurgical studies which may require the construction of one or more shafts, the construction of an incline, or works associated with a trial mine. The Feasibility Study shall contain estimates of both capital and operating costs and shall analyse how to proceed with mining operations to economically and commercially extract the target Mineral(s), identify the optimum structure for the mining venture, and include reference to relevant marketing and financial aspects;
"FORCE MAJEURE" means any cause, whether foreseeable or unforeseeable, beyond a Party's reasonable control, including, without limitation, labour disputes (however arising and whether or not employee demands are reasonable or within the power of such Party to grant); acts of God; laws, regulations, orders, proclamations, instructions or requests of any government or governmental entity; judgments or orders of any court; inability to obtain on reasonably acceptable terms any public or private license, permit or other authorization; curtailment or suspension of activities to remedy or avoid an actual or alleged, present or prospective violation of federal, state or local environmental standards; acts of war or conditions arising out of or attributable to war, whether declared or undeclared; riot, civil strife, insurrection or rebellion; fire, explosion, earthquake, storm, flood, sinkholes, drought or other adverse weather condition; delay or failure by suppliers or transporters of materials, parts, supplies, services or equipment; contractor' or subcontractors' shortage of, or inability to obtain, labour, transportation, materials, machinery, equipment, supplies, utilities or services; accidents; breakdown of equipment, machinery or facilities; or any other cause whether similar or dissimilar to the foregoing;
"GMWU" means the Ghana Mineworkers Union of the TUC (Ghana);
"GOVERNMENT" means the duly constituted government of the Republic of Ghana or any political subdivision thereof, whether Central, Regional, District or local, or any judicial body, agency or instrumentality of any such government or political subdivision;

MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT PAGE 5
"INVESTMENT AGREEMENT" means the Agreement between PGR and BGL executed on November 16, 2001, as amended and supplemented by letters dated December 4, 2001, January 31, 2002 and March 4, 2002;
"JOINT OPERATING AGREEMENT" means the Joint Operating Agreement between PGR and BGL executed on January 31, 2002 attached as Schedule "F";
"JV" means the joint venture, either unincorporated or incorporated, as more fully described in Article 5, between Government, PGR and BGL formed to assess, redevelop and operate the Underground Mine;
"JV PARTIES" means collectively, BGL, PGR and Government and "JV PARTY" means any one of them;
"JOINT VENTURE AGREEMENT" means the more detailed joint operating agreement which will set out the basis upon which the JV Parties shall, through the formation of the Exploitation Company, mutually evaluate, develop, mine, extract, produce, use, sell and export of Minerals and associated mineral resources and, accordingly, hold all mining rights, mining claims, water rights, surface lands, licenses and permits, other than as described herein;
"JOINT VENTURE ASSET" means the following:
a) all interests, rights, and privileges (whether absolute or conditional, whether existing or future) in real property, mineral rights, and surface lands falling with the Prestea Concession Area, including, without limitation, all licenses, permits, leases, concessions, and other entitlements, but excluding the BGL Mining Lease;
b) all minerals, Product, and materials of commercial value produced or derived from the PGR Mining Lease under this Agreement;
c) all equipment acquired by the JV and used in the Operations; all inventory; all personalty, tangible and intangible, consumable and non-consumable, obtained by the Joint Venture in connection with the conduct of Operations, including, without limitation, all geological data, surveys, assays, analysis and other data and information acquired in the course of Operations covered by this Agreement, excluding, however, all such items which are specifically intended to remain the separate property BGL for its surface mining operations or are rented or leased to or for the benefit of the JV;
"LICENCE AGREEMENT" means the Licence Agreement between SGMC, PGL and PGR dated January 16, 2002 attached as Schedule "G";
"MANAGER" means the person or entity with overall management responsibility for the JV in accordance with this Agreement and the Joint Operating Agreement, which for as long as BGL has a participating interest of greater than or equal to 30%, shall be BGL. The Manager shall be bestowed with power sufficient to undertake, manage, direct and control all day-to-day activities and decisions reasonably necessary to fulfil the purposes of this Agreement, and such activities shall be performed in accordance with international mining industry practice. The Joint Venture Agreement, or a separate management agreement, will specify with more particularity the Manager's responsibilities, rights and obligations;
"MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE" shall have the meaning ascribed to it in Article 5. The Management Committee will (i) review the conduct of Operations by the Manager,
(ii) determine the policies, nature, and content of work programs and budgets for Operations, (iii) give general directions to the manner in which the Manager must carry out Operations,

MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT PAGE 6
(iv) approve budgets, and (v) have any other functions as may be mutually agreed upon by the JV Parties under the terms of the Joint Operating Agreement;
"MINING LEASE", "MINERAL OPERATIONS", "MINING OPERATIONS", "MINERAL RIGHT" and
"MINERALS" shall have the meanings given to such terms in PNDCL 153;
"NI 43-101" means Canada's National Instrument 43-101 titled Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects;
"OPERATIONS" means all activities carried out in connection with the prospecting, exploring, evaluation, development, and mining of Minerals falling within the PGR Mining Lease, including, without limitation, prospecting, exploration, the development of a mine, the mining, extraction, treatment, storage and processing of Minerals, distribution and sale of Product, the acquisition and relinquishment of properties or the construction of any improvements, personalty, fixtures or equipment reasonably necessary therefor, and any other activities or operations related to or necessary for exploration, development, and mining of Minerals in the PGR Mining Lease;
"ORE RESERVES" shall have the meaning contained in NI 43-101;
"PARTICIPATING INTERESTS" means an undivided ownership interest held by PGR, BGL and Government under this Agreement and the Joint Venture Agreement and which entitles the holder to that share of the Joint Venture or the Exploitation Company and the JV Assets thereof and which requires the holder (other than Government) to contribute to that share of the costs and expenses of the development and operations thereof;
"PARTIES" means, collectively, BGL, PGR, PGL, SGMC, GMWU and Government and "PARTY" means any one of them;
"PGL" means Prestea Goldfields Limited a company incorporated under the laws of Ghana having its registered office at 9, Switchback Road, Cantonments, Accra, Ghana;
"PGR" means Prestea Gold Resources Limited, a company incorporated under the laws of Ghana having its registered office at PO Box 30, Prestea, Western Region, Ghana;
"PGR CASUAL EMPLOYEES" means those part-time or full-time employees of PGR classed as casual as at January 21, 2002;
"PGR EMPLOYEES" means all the permanent, full-time employees of PGR, both junior staff and senior staff, as at January 21, 2002;
"PGR MINING LEASE" means the mining lease dated June 29, 2001 attached as Schedule "D" issued by the Government to PGR pursuant to Section 45 of the PNDCL 153;
"PLANT-NORTH" means the area marked as "Plant-North" on Schedule "B";
"PNDCL" means the Minerals and Mining Law, 1986 (PNDCL 153) of Ghana, as amended;
"PRESTEA CONCESSION AREA" means the area of the Prestea concession covering an area of 129.05 km(2) comprising both the PGR Mining Lease and the BGL Mining Lease as shown in the map attached as Schedule "B";
"PRESTEA PROCESSING PLANT" means the processing plant owned by PGL situated on the Prestea Concession Area and marked as such on the map at Schedule "B";
"PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS" means the independent accounting firm of PricewaterhouseCoopers having its registered office in Ghana at Gulf House, 4th Floor, Tetteh Quarshie Roundabout, Legon Road, Accra, Ghana, or such other firm of independent, internationally recognized accountants agreed in writing between the JV Parties;

MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT PAGE 7
"PRODUCT" means gold and other associated mineral substances produced by the JV from ore mined from the PGR Mining Lease;
"PSGL" means Prestea Sankofa Gold Limited, a company incorporated in accordance with the laws of Ghana operating on the Prestea Concession Area in accordance with a mining lease granted by Government over certain tailings and mineralised waste materials;
"RESTRICTED ACCOUNT" means that restricted operating account of PGR with Ghana Commercial Bank, Kwame Nkrumah Circle Branch, Accra, Ghana (account number 214103), which requires signatories from both PGR and BGL;
"SEVERANCE BENEFIT" means the agreed severance benefit being Eighteen (18) days (based on 27 working days per month) per year of service up to the Effective Date to be paid to the PGR Employees as provided for in Article 3;
"SGMC" means State Gold Mining Company Limited a Public Limited Liability Company registered under the laws of Ghana of P. O. Box 3634 Accra in the Greater Accra Region;
"UNDERGROUND MINE" means the Prestea underground mining operation; and
"UNDERGROUND MINING ASSETS" means those underground mining assets owned by PGL located at Prestea as set out in the First Schedule of the License Agreement.
1.2 Any reference in this Agreement to gender shall include all genders, and words importing the singular number only shall include the plural and vice versa.
1.3 The division of this Agreement into Articles, Sections, Subsections and other subdivisions and the insertion of headings are for convenience of reference only and shall not affect or be utilized in the construction or interpretation of this Agreement.
1.4 Any Article, Section, Subsection or other subdivision of this Agreement or any other provision of this Agreement which is, or becomes, illegal, invalid or unenforceable shall be severed from this Agreement and be ineffective only to the extent of such illegality, invalidity or unenforceability and shall not affect or impair the remaining provisions hereof.
1.5 This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the Parties pertaining to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior agreements, understandings, negotiations and discussions, whether oral or written, of the Parties, unless otherwise stated herein.
1.6 This Agreement may only be amended, modified or supplemented by a written agreement signed by all of the Parties.
1.7 No waiver of any of the provisions of this Agreement by any Party shall be deemed to constitute a waiver of such provision by any other Party or a waiver by such Party of any other provision, (whether or not similar), nor shall such waiver constitute a continuing waiver unless otherwise expressly provided in writing duly executed by the Party to be bound thereby.
1.8 Where the word "including" or "includes" is used in this Agreement it means "including (or includes) and without limitation".
1.9 Any references herein to any law, by-law, rule, regulation, order or act of any government, governmental body or other regulatory body shall be construed as a reference thereto as enacted at the date hereof as such law, by-law, rule, regulation, order of or act may be amended, re-enacted or superseded from time to time.

MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT PAGE 8
ARTICLE 2 - PURPOSE AND LEGAL EFFECT
2.1 The Parties hereto hereby irrevocably agree to carry out the following subject only to the terms and conditions of this Agreement:
(a) Securing funding from BGL for the payment of (i) the Back Pay to the PGR Employees and PGR Casual Employees, and (ii) the Severance Benefit to the PGR Employees;
(b) Putting the Underground Mine on Care & Maintenance while the Assessment is carried out to determine if the future operation of the Underground Mine is economically viable;
(c) Consolidating the management of the Underground Mine with the mining operations of BGL by forming a JV between BGL, PGR and Government;
(d) Effecting the immediate decommissioning and demolition of the Prestea Processing Plant so that BGL may progress its surface mining plans; and
(e) Government, SGMC and PGL agreeing to undertake certain acts or things to the extent permitted by Applicable Law to facilitate the surface mining by BGL on the BGL Mining Lease.
2.2 This Agreement will govern the rights and obligations of the Parties and will be binding on the Parties.
2.3 Until superseded by the Joint Venture Agreement, the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement will govern the rights and obligations of, and shall be binding on, the JV Parties. If a Joint Venture Agreement is executed, the portions of this Agreement related to the Joint Venture Agreement will be superseded. The Joint Venture Agreement will contain the terms set forth in this Agreement and such other terms as the JV Parties mutually agreed upon. The JV Parties will in good faith endeavour to cause the Joint Venture Agreement to be executed within thirty (30) Business Days of the Decision to Mine.
2.4 The Investment Agreement shall no longer have any binding effect on the parties to such Investment Agreement.
2.5 For the avoidance of doubt the following agreements in which PGR is a party shall continue to have effect, however PGR's rights and obligations under such agreements shall, subject to the approval of Government (which is deemed to have been granted by Government as party to this Agreement), be transferred , as contemplated herein:
(a) Joint Operating Agreement shall be transferred to the JV,
(b) Environmental Indemnity shall be transferred to the JV,
(c) Licence Agreement shall be transferred to the JV, and
(d) PGR Mining Lease shall be transferred to BGL to be held by BGL for the benefit of the JV until the earlier of (i) BGL electing to terminate this Agreement, and (ii) the Exploitation Company is formed.

MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT PAGE 9
ARTICLE 3 - PGR EMPLOYEES
3.1 Immediately upon the receipt of the consent of Government for the transfer of the PGR Mining Lease to BGL, as more fully described in Article 7.3 and 9.3 and provided PGR have delivered the settlement agreement as more fully described in 5.1 and 7.4:
(a) BGL, on behalf of the JV, shall pay to the Restricted Account, in immediately available funds, $1,600,000, to be applied to the payment of the Back Pay as described below.
(b) PGR, under the supervision of PricewaterhouseCoopers, shall immediately distribute the Back Pay.
(c) Once all Back Pay has been paid, PGR shall provide the JV with a written statement from PricewaterhouseCoopers detailing the amount paid to each of the PGR Employees and PGR Casual Employees and verifying that no further Back Pay entitlements are owed.
(d) Any funds remaining from the $1,600,000 provided by the JV not required to pay Back Pay shall be retained in the Restricted Account.
3.2 The Parties agree that the employment of all PGR Employees and PGR Casual Employees shall be severed and that the PGR Employees shall be entitled to the Severance Benefit. PricewaterhouseCoopers shall audit the Severance Benefit calculation to be provided by PGR.
3.3 Immediately upon the completion of the demolition of the Prestea Processing Plant and the receipt by BGL of all approvals and consents necessary to commence mining at Plant-North:
(a) BGL, on behalf of the JV, shall pay to the Restricted Account, in immediately available funds, $800,000, to be applied to the payment of the Severance Benefit;
(b) PGR, under the supervision of PricewaterhouseCoopers, shall immediately distribute the Severance Benefit to the PGR Employees;
(c) once all Severance Benefits have been distributed to the PGR Employees, PGR shall provide the JV with a written statement from PricewaterhouseCoopers detailing Severance Benefit made to each bona fide PGR Employee and verifying that PGR has no unpaid Severance Benefit liabilities; and
(d) any funds remaining from the total $2,400,000 of funding provided by the JV shall be retained in the Restricted Account.
ARTICLE 4 - CARE & MAINTENANCE
4.1 The Parties agree that effective immediately upon the signing of this Agreement:
(a) the Underground Mine shall be placed on Care & Maintenance under the direction of the Manager;
(b) the JV shall keep the Underground Mine dewatered and secure;
and

MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT PAGE 10
(c) the JV shall employ such number of employees required for the Care & Maintenance and shall give preference to the PGR Employees provided that such PGR Employees have the requisite skills.
4.2 The JV shall conduct an Assessment to determine the (i) safety conditions and practices at the Underground Mine, (ii) environmental practices at the Underground Mine, (iii) resource potential of the PGR Mining Lease, and (iv) economic viability of a new mining operation on the PGR Mining Lease. The broad principles covering the Assessment are as follows:
(a) the Assessment will be carried out by the JV primarily using consultants;
(b) the Assessment will be funded by the JV which shall be sole funded by BGL;
(c) the Assessment is expected to take twenty-four (24) months but could be longer or shorter depending on the findings; and
(d) during the Assessment, the JV Parties will receive regular, quarterly reports on the progress of the Assessment as well as copies of any definitive reports on the various aspects of the Assessment.
4.3 Upon the completion of the Assessment the JV Parties and provided that the Feasibility Study demonstrates that such redevelopment of the Underground Mine is economically justified, the JV Parties shall consider the redevelopment of the Underground Mine and make a Decision to Mine.
4.4 Upon the Decision to Mine, or earlier by mutual agreement, the JV Parties will enter into the Joint Venture Agreement and establish the Exploitation Company in Ghana.
4.5 Upon the establishment of the Exploitation Company, BGL shall transfer the PGR Mining Lease to the Exploitation Company.
ARTICLE 5 - FORMATION OF JOINT VENTURE
5.1 On the Effective Date, the JV Parties shall form the JV by:
(a) PGR contributing (i) the PGR Mining Lease, (ii) its mining assets and inventory, (iii) its interest in certain agreements, as detailed in Article 7.2, and (iv) its Back Pay and Severance Benefit obligations totalling not more than $2,400,000 to the JV;
(b) BGL obligating $2,400,000 to the JV;
(c) The Government approving the transfer of the PGR Mining Lease to BGL, to be held by BGL for the benefit of the JV until the earlier of (i) BGL electing to terminate this Agreement, and
(ii) the Exploitation Company is formed;
(d) PGR transferring, for the duration of the JV, the rights and obligations of PGR under the Joint Operating Agreement, the Environmental Indemnity, and the Licence Agreement to the JV; and
(e) PGR delivering, within seven (7) calendar days of the Effective Date, a settlement agreement between PGR and its employees accepting the Back Pay and Severance Benefit (as more fully described in Article 3) as a full and final settlement for the termination of their employment with PGR.

MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT PAGE 11
5.2 Upon the Decision to Mine, or earlier by mutual agreement, the JV Parties will enter into the Joint Venture Agreement. The JV Parties undertake to negotiate the definitive Joint Venture Agreement in good faith.
5.3 Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, all JV Assets held or acquired by the Manager in fulfilment of its obligations for the Joint Venture, or by a JV Party, are beneficially owned by the JV Parties in undivided shares as tenants-in-common in proportion to their respective Participating Interests from time to time, and the Parties hereby waive all rights of partition and of sale in lieu of partition (including as arise under Law) with respect to that property. The JV Parties hereby agree that, notwithstanding any provision hereof to the contrary, if they are jointly and severally liable in Ghana and elsewhere under this Agreement, they must indemnify and hold each other harmless, subject to this Agreement, to the extent they incur liability in respect thereof in excess of their Participating Interest share of that liability.
5.4 None of the JV Parties will have any liability for any indebtedness or liabilities of the other JV Parties.
5.5 As long as BGL's Participating Interest is equal to or greater than 30%, BGL will have the continuing right to act as Manager of the JV. The Manager shall be responsible for the day-to-day management, conduct, and control of the Operations, subject to approved work plans and budgets and the direction of the Management Committee referred to below. The JV Parties shall in good faith negotiate and specify the powers and obligations of the Manager which shall be included in the Joint Venture Agreement.
5.6 Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, the Manager will not be liable to any JV Party for any act or omission resulting in damages or loss except to the extent caused by or attributable to the Manager's wilful misconduct or gross negligence.
5.7 The Manager will be entitled to charge a management fee of 2% of expenditure. The purpose of this fee will not be to provide the Manager with a profit, but to allow the Manager to recover indirect costs it incurs in fulfilling its obligations as Manager. As a result, the JV Parties must review the fee annually and the fee will be adjusted annually if unanimously approved by all JV Parties and if the JV Parties unanimously determine it to be insufficient or excessive. This management fee will be considered to be an ordinary operating expenses of the JV and will therefore be paid by each JV Party in accordance with its Participating Interest.
5.8 Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, until completion of the Feasibility Study all final decisions relating to Operations shall be made and undertaken by BGL, but reasonable consultation on these decisions prior to their execution will be held with the JV Parties, and the agreement or disagreement of the JV Parties formally recorded. Upon completion of the Feasibility Study, all decisions relating to the conduct of Operations and relating to the Joint Operating Agreement shall be made by the Management Committee, a governing body to be appropriately structured to serve the type of business entity chosen under the Joint Venture Agreement. Prior to execution of the Joint Venture Agreement, the JV Parties hereby designate their respective representatives on the Management Committee to be as follows:
(a) for BGL: Managing Director
(b) for PGR: Chairman, and

MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT PAGE 12

         (c)      for Government one representative.

5.9      The JV Parties shall have on the Management Committee a number of votes
         proportionate to their respective Participating Interest, regardless of
         the number of representatives, and each shall designate one person or
         an alternate to cast such votes.

5.10     All decisions of the Management Committee will be taken by simple
         majority vote. BGL, if continuing to hold a 30% or greater interest in
         the project, shall determine, at its sole election, whether to proceed
         with the Feasibility Study.

5.11     Prior to completion of the Feasibility Study, it is the intention of
         the JV Parties that the Management Committee shall hold informal but
         periodic reviews (at least quarterly unless otherwise agreed to by the
         JV Parties) of Operations. Following completion of the Feasibility
         Study, the Management Committee shall hold quarterly meetings in Accra,
         Ghana, or such other mutually agreed place. Although the JV Parties
         contemplate holding meetings to review work plans and budgets for each
         phase of work undertaken, the JV Parties do not contemplate holding
         regular formal meetings prior to completion of the Feasibility Study.
         Meetings may be held by telephone.

5.12     As of the Effective Date BGL will have a 45% Participating Interest,
         PGR will have a 45% Participating Interest, and Government will have a
         10% Carried Interest.

5.13     Notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement, the JV Parties
         agree that, in addition to the initial $2,400,000 contribution to the
         JV, BGL shall be entitled to and obligated to be the sole provider of
         funding for (i) the Care & Maintenance, (ii) the Assessment, and (iii)
         the completion of a Feasibility Study.

5.14     From the Effective Date until the completion of the Feasibility Study,
         or in the event that a JV Party (other than Government) following the
         completion of the Feasibility Study fails to advance funds as required
         under this Agreement or the Joint Operating Agreement, then its
         Participating Interest will be diluted in accordance with the following
         formula:

         PC#1 + PC#2 + PC#3
         ------------------
         JV#1 + JV#2 + JV#3      times 90%; where

         PC#1 means   JV Party's initial contributions (deemed to be $2.4
                      million for both BGL and PGR);

         PC#2 means   JV Party's additional contributions;

         PC#3 means   the amount, if any, that the JV Party elects to contribute
                      to the approved work plan and budget;

         JV#1 means   the initial contributions of all JV Parties (deemed to be
                      $4.8 million);

         JV#2 means   the additional contributions of all JV Parties; and

         JV#3 means   the amount that all JV Parties elect to contribute to the
                      approved work plan and budget.

5.15     For the avoidance of doubt, the Governments interest shall not be
         diluted and at all times shall be 10%.

5.16     If a JV Party (other than Government) fails within a reasonable period
         to make a contribution or cash call which it previously committed to
         make under an approved work plan and budget, it shall be in default and
         shall be diluted on a straight line basis to a minimum 10%
         participating interest at which time the diluted JV Party will be
         assigned a 2.5% net profits interest.	

MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT PAGE 13

5.17     For a period of ninety (90) Business Days after the completion of the
         Feasibility Study, BGL shall have the right, at it sole election, to
         acquire the rights and obligations of PGR in the Joint Venture for a
         total consideration of $6.5 million.

5.18     BGL may withdraw from this Agreement upon completion of the Assessment
         and determining that the redevelopment of the underground mine is not
         viable to the extent that the project is not bankable with a reputable
         international financial institution.

5.19     In the event that any JV Party (other than Government) elects to enter
         into voluntary insolvency or becomes insolvent in accordance with the
         Bodies Corporate (Official Liquidations) Act 1963 (Act. 180), the
         insolvent party shall be deemed to have retired from the JV and their
         rights and obligations under this agreement shall be forfeited. In the
         event of retirement, the rights and obligation of the retiring party
         shall be assumed by the remaining JV Parties (other than Government) in
         proportion to their holdings in the JV at the time of retirement.

                   ARTICLE 6 - BGL'S SURFACE MINING OPERATIONS

6.1      The Parties agree that BGL shall be entitled to continue its
         development of the BGL Mining Lease.

6.2      The Parties undertake to use their utmost endeavours to assist BGL to
         implement the infrastructure mitigation plan incorporated in the Joint
         Operating Agreement.

                         ARTICLE 7 - UNDERTAKINGS BY PGR

7.1      PGR hereby agrees that the notice required under Clause 5.4 (d) (i) of
         the Joint Operating Agreement for the decommissioning and demolition of
         the Prestea Processing Plant has been given and that such demolition
         may commence immediately upon the Effective Date.

7.2      PGR hereby agrees to and assigns its rights and obligations in the
         Joint Operating Agreement, Licence Agreement and Environmental
         Indemnity to the JV.

7.3      PGR hereby agrees to the transfer of the PGR Mining lease to BGL, to be
         held by BGL for the benefit of the JV until the earlier of (i) BGL
         electing to terminate this Agreement, and (ii) the Exploitation Company
         is formed.

7.4      PGR hereby undertakes to deliver, within seven (7) calendar days of the
         Effective Date, a settlement agreement between PGR and its employees
         accepting the Back Pay and Severance Benefit (as more fully described
         in Article 3) as a full and final settlement for the termination of
         their employment with PGR.

7.5      PGR undertakes to meet with its creditors to arrive at a settlement.
         This could be an agreement by the creditors to wait until some future
         time when the underground mine is redeveloped or an agreement by the
         creditors to take shares in PGR in lieu of the monies owed to them.

                    ARTICLE 8 - UNDERTAKINGS BY SGMC AND PGL

8.1      SGMC and PGL hereby agree that the notice required in Clause 5 of the
         Licence Agreement to demolish the assets described in Fourth Schedule
         to the Licence	

MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT PAGE 14
Agreement has been given and that immediately upon the Effective Date, BGL may commence such demolition.
8.2 SGMC and PGL hereby agree that the rights and obligations of PGR under the Licence Agreement shall be assigned to the JV.
ARTICLE 9 - UNDERTAKINGS BY GOVERNMENT
9.1 Government hereby agrees with the commencement of the Infrastructure Mitigation Plan as contemplated in the Joint Operating Agreement.
9.2 Government hereby agrees to the assignment by PGR of its rights and obligations in the Environmental Indemnity to the JV.
9.3 Government hereby agrees to the transfer of the PGR Mining lease to BGL, to be held by BGL for the benefit of the JV until the earlier of
(i) BGL electing to terminate this Agreement, and (ii) the Exploitation Company is formed.
9.4 Government hereby agrees to the transfer of the PGR Mining lease from BGL to the Exploitation Company once such a company is formed.
9.5 Government hereby agrees to the modification of the Deed of Warranty to include the BGL Mining Lease and the PGR Mining Lease and undertakes to do all acts and things necessary to perfect such modification or to replace such Deed of Warranty with a new deed of warranty containing the same terms and conditions.
9.6 Government hereby undertakes to use its best endeavours to cause its agencies and utilities to expedite, to the extent possible under law, any consents and approvals required for BGL to exercise its mining rights on the BGL Mining Lease.
9.7 Government undertakes to use its best endeavours to assist BGL in curtailing any illegal mining on the Prestea Concession Area.
9.8 Government hereby undertakes to cause its agencies to segregate the Prestea town power from the power supply for the Underground Mine.
9.9 Government, being the majority creditor as a result of, but not limited to, statutory liabilities owed by PGR and debts accrued by PGR to VRA and SGMC, hereby undertakes to use best endeavours in so far as it is able to cause the creditors of PGR to enter into an arrangement with PGR. This arrangement will result in either an agreement to defer settlement until such future date as the underground mine may be redeveloped or an agreement to exchange their indebtedness in PGR for equity in PGR.
ARTICLE 10 - UNDERTAKINGS BY BGL

10.1     BGL hereby agrees to the assignment to the JV of the rights and
         obligations of PGR under the Joint Operating Agreement.

10.2     BGL hereby agrees to the transfer of the PGR Mining Lease from PGR to
         BGL and undertakes to hold the PGR Mining lease for the benefit of the
         JV and to immediately transfer the PGR Mining Lease to the Exploitation
         Company once such Exploitation Company has been formed.

10.3     BGL hereby agrees to the initial commitment of $2,400,000 of funding to
         the JV in two tranches to be paid to PGR for the payment of the Back
         Pay and the Severance	

MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT PAGE 15

         Benefit. The two tranches are (i) $1,600,000 on the completion of the
         conditions detailed in clause 5.1 (c). (d) and (e) and (ii) $800,000
         upon the demolition of the Prestea Processing Plant and the receipt by
         BGL of the necessary approvals and consents to commence mining at
         Plant-North.

10.4     BGL hereby agrees to provide sufficient funding to the JV to cover the
         costs of the Care & Maintenance, the Assessment, and the Feasibility
         Study.
10.5     BGL hereby undertakes to carry out the Assessment in a timely fashion
         and in accordance with the standards of NI 43-101.

                        ARTICLE 11 - UNDERTAKINGS BY GMWU

11.1     GMWU, as the majority shareholder of PGR, hereby agrees to the
         undertakings by PGR and undertakes to do all acts and things and to
         sign all such documents and other agreements necessary to effect the
         agreements in this Agreement.

11.2     GMWU, as the representative of the unionised employees of PGR, hereby
         agrees to the Back Pay and Severance Benefit settlement contemplated in
         Article 3 of this Agreement and undertakes to have this agreement
         ratified by such unionised employees of PGR within seven (7) calendar
         days of the signing of the Effective Date.

                         ARTICLE 12 - DISPUTE RESOLUTION

12.1     Any dispute, controversy or claim arising under or in connection with
         this Agreement, and which cannot be resolved within sixty (60) days of
         attempted negotiations between the Parties, shall be settled by
         arbitration in accordance with this section.

12.2     Matters subject to arbitration shall be settled by arbitration in
         accordance with the rules and regulations of the London Court of
         International Arbitration in effect on the date of this Agreement.

12.3     The place of arbitration shall be Accra, Ghana or such other place as
         the parties may agree.

12.4     The language of the arbitration shall be English.

12.5     The arbitration shall be the sole and exclusive forum for resolution of
         the dispute or controversy and the award shall be final and binding.

12.6     A Party may demand arbitration by delivering a written notice thereof
         to the other Party setting forth a complete, concise statement of the
         issue(s) in dispute, the amount involved and the remedy requested.

12.7     The arbitrators shall render a written decision within six months after
         having been appointed.

12.8     Notwithstanding anything herein, the arbitral panel shall have the
         power to decide any dispute ex aequo et bono, with the objective of
         deciding such matters fully in accordance with the intent of the
         Parties as indicated by this Agreement.

12.9     The arbitrators shall have the right to award or include in their award
         any relief, which they deem proper in the circumstances, including,
         without limitation, money damages (with interest on unpaid amounts from
         date due), specific performance, injunctive relief and legal fees and
         costs in accordance with this section.	

MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT PAGE 16

12.10    The arbitrators shall not have the authority to award exemplary,
         punitive, consequential or special damages and each Party shall be
         limited to the recovery of any actual damages sustained by it.

12.11    The number of arbitrators shall be three. One arbitrator shall be
         nominated by each of the Parties and shall then agree on the
         appointment of a third arbitrator, who shall be disinterested in the
         dispute and shall have no connection with any Party.

12.12    All arbitrators shall be persons having relevant experience relevant to
         the disputed matter.

12.13    Unless the three arbitrators have been appointed within thirty (30)
         days after the date on which either Party requests the settlement of
         any dispute by arbitration pursuant to this Section, the London Court
         of International Arbitration shall appoint the three arbitrators
         referred to above. The appointing authority may appoint from among
         nationals of any country, whether or not a Party is a national of that
         country.

                   ARTICLE 13 - REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES

13.1     BGL and PGR each represent and warrant to each of the other Parties
         that:

         (a)      it is a body corporate duly incorporated, organized and
                  validly subsisting under the laws of its incorporating
                  jurisdiction;

         (b)      it has full power and authority to carry on its business and
                  to enter into this Agreement;

         (c)      neither the execution and delivery of this Agreement nor the
                  consummation of the transactions hereby contemplated conflict
                  with, result in the breach of or accelerate the performance
                  required by any agreement to which it is a party;

         (d)      the execution and delivery of this Agreement does not violate
                  or result in the breach of its constating documents or of the
                  laws of any applicable jurisdiction; and

         (e)      this Agreement has been duly authorized by all necessary
                  corporate action of its directors and shareholders and
                  constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation enforceable
                  against it in accordance with its terms.

                              ARTICLE 14 - GENERAL

14.1     Further Assurances

         Each of the Parties will from time to time execute and deliver all
         further documents and instruments and do all acts and things as the
         other Party may reasonably require to effectively carry out or better
         evidence or perfect the full intent and meaning of this Agreement.

14.2     Legal Fees

         Each of the Parties hereto will pay their respective legal and
         accounting costs and expenses incurred in connection with the
         preparation, execution and delivery of this Agreement, and all other
         documents and instruments executed pursuant hereto and any other costs
         and expenses whatsoever and howsoever incurred.	

MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT PAGE 17

14.3     Confidentiality

         No Party shall disclose the making of this Agreement nor its terms nor
         any other agreement referred to in this Agreement (except those matters
         set out in the press release in the agreed form) unless agreed in
         writing by the other Parties (such agreement not to be unreasonably
         withheld) and each Party shall procure that each of its Related Persons
         shall not make any such disclosure without the prior consent of the
         other Parties unless disclosure is:

         (a)      to its professional advisers; or

         (b)      required by law; or

         (c)      required by the rules or standards of any stock exchange,
                  securities regulator that a Party is a reporting issuer of or
                  such other regulatory body agreed between the Parties and
                  disclosure shall then only be made by that Party:

                  (i)      after it has taken all such steps as may be
                           reasonable in the circumstances to agree the contents
                           of such announcement with the other Parties before
                           making such announcement and provided that any such
                           announcement shall be made only after notice to the
                           other Parties; and

                  (ii)     to the person or persons and in the manner required
                           by law or the rules of the stock exchange, securities
                           regulator or such other regulatory body or as
                           otherwise agreed between the Parties.

         The restrictions contained in Clause 14.3 shall apply without limit of
         time.

14.4     Entire Agreement

         Unless otherwise provided herein, this Agreement constitutes the entire
         agreement among the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof
         and cancels and supersedes any prior understandings and agreements
         between the Parties hereto with respect thereto.

14.5     Amendments and Waiver

         No modification of or amendment to this Agreement will be valid or
         binding unless set forth in writing and duly executed by all of the
         Parties and no waiver of any breach of any term or provision of this
         Agreement will be effective or binding unless made in writing and
         signed by the Party purporting to give the same and, unless otherwise
         provided, will be limited to the specific breach waived.

14.6     Assignment

         BGL may assign in whole or in part its rights and obligations under
         this Agreement to any of its affiliates that are ultimately controlled
         by GSR. In such event, BGL will remain liable for all its obligations
         under this Agreement after such assignment as if such assignment had
         not taken place. Except as provided herein, neither BGL nor PGR may
         assign any of their rights or obligations hereunder without the prior
         written consent of the other party, which consent may not be
         unreasonably withheld.	

MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT PAGE 18

14.7     Pre-emptive Rights

         Except as provided for in Clause 5.17, or by Applicable Law, no JV
         Party shall be entitled to sell its interest in the Joint Venture until
         the Decision to Mine. Thereafter, if any JV Party receives a binding
         written proposal from a third party, the remaining JV Parties shall be
         entitled, for a period of sixty (60) Business Days following
         notification of the intended sale, to acquire the interest being sold
         at the same price offered by the third party.

14.7     Benefit of the Agreement

         This Agreement will enure to the benefit of and be binding upon the
         respective successors of the Parties.

14.8     Notices

         Any demand, notice or other communication to be given in connection
         with this Agreement must be given in writing by personal delivery or by
         electronic means of communication addressed to the recipient as	

follows:
(a) To PGR:
Prestea Gold Resources Limited

PO Box 701
Accra Ghana

Attention:        Chairman
Facsimile No.:    +233 21 66 5563	

(b) To BGL:
Bogoso Gold Limited
32 Akosombo Road
Airport Residential Area PO Box 16075, Airport Post Office

Accra Ghana

Attention:        Managing Director
Facsimile No.:    +233 21 77 7700	

(c) To SGMC:
State Gold Mining Company Limited C/O Minerals Commission 9, Switchback Road, Cantonments

                  PO Box 3634
                  Accra Ghana

                  Attention:        Chief Executive
                  Facsimile No.:    +233 21 77 2903 or 77 3324	

MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT                                                  PAGE 19
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------	

(d) To PGL:
Prestea Goldfields Limited C/O Minerals Commission 9, Switchback Road, Cantonments

PO Box 3634
Accra Ghana

Attention:        Chief Executive
Facsimile No.:    +233 21 77 2903 or 77 3324	

(e) To GMWU:
Ghana Mineworkers Union

                  PO Box 701
                  Accra Ghana

                  Attention:        General Secretary
                  Facsimile No.:    +233 21 66 5563

         (f)      To Government:

                  Ministry of Mines
                  Private Mail Bag
                  Ministries Post Office
                  Accra Ghana

                  Attention:        Minister of Mines
                  Facsimile No.:    +233 21 66 6801	

MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT                                                  PAGE 20
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

         or to such other address, individual or electronic communication number
         as may be designated by notice given by either Party to the other. Any
         demand, notice or other communication given by personal delivery will
         be conclusively deemed to have been given on the day of actual delivery
         thereof and, if given by electronic communication, on the day of
         transmittal thereof if given during the normal business hours of the
         recipient and on the Business Day during which such normal business
         hours next occur if not given during such hours on any day.

14.9     Governing Law

         This Agreement is governed by and must be construed in accordance with
         the laws of Ghana.

14.10    Attornment

         For the purpose of all legal proceedings this Agreement shall be deemed
         to have been performed in Ghana and the courts of Ghana will have
         jurisdiction to entertain any action arising under this Agreement. Each
         Party hereby attorns to the jurisdiction of the courts of Ghana.

14.11    Counterparts

         This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of
         which will be deemed to be an original and all of which when taken
         together constitute one and the same agreement.

14.12    Execution by Facsimile Transmission

         Delivery of this Agreement may be made by facsimile transmission. A
         copy of this Agreement duly executed in several counterparts by the
         Parties and delivered by facsimile transmission constitutes a valid and
         binding agreement.

14.13    Force Majuere

         The obligations of the Parties will be suspended for the duration of a
         Force Majeure event.

14.14    Default

         A Party shall be in default under this Agreement if, at any time such
         Party is in breach of any of its material obligations under this
         Agreement and which continues for seven (7) days after notice by a
         non-defaulting Party specifying such breach.

         For the purposes of Clause 5.18 a breach of material obligations shall
         include but not be limited to breach of the obligations contained in
         Articles 7, 8, 9,10 and 13 and shall be enforceable by application to a
         court having jurisdiction over the Parties	

[SIGNING PAGES FOLLOW]

MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT PAGE 21
In witness whereof the Parties have executed this Agreement as of the date first above written:
BOGOSO GOLD LIMITED

By:
         ----------------------------------
Name:    Peter Bradford
Title:   Chairman

By:
         ----------------------------------
Name:    Richard Gray
Title:   Managing Director	

PRESTEA GOLD RESOURCES LIMITED

By:
         ----------------------------------
Name:    Robert Cole
Title:   Chairman

By:
         ----------------------------------
Name:    Jerome Essilfie
Title:   Mine Manager and Director	

PRESTEA GOLDFIELDS LIMITED

By:
         ----------------------------------
Name:    E.K. Ofosu-Offei
Title:   Ag. Chief Executive

By:
         ----------------------------------
Name:    Kwasi Anokye-Yesuo
Title:   Group Management Accountant	

MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT                                                  PAGE 22
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STATE GOLD MINING COMPANY LIMITED

By:
         ----------------------------------
Name:    E.K. Ofosu-Offei
Title:   Ag. Chief Executive

By:
         ----------------------------------
Name:    Kwasi Anokye-Yesuo
Title:   Group Management Accountant	

GHANA MINEWORKERS UNION (AS MAJORITY SHAREHOLDER OF PGR AND AS REPRESENTATIVE OF THE UNIONIZED EMPLOYEES OF PGR)

By:
         ----------------------------------
Name:    John Brimpong
Title:   National Chairman

By:
         ----------------------------------
Name:    Robert Cole
Title:   General Secretary	

REPUBLIC OF GHANA

By:
         ----------------------------------
Name:    Hon Kwadwo Adjei-Darko
Title:   Minister of Mines

By:
         ----------------------------------
Name:    Mrs Ernestina Tekpertey
Title:   Chief Director	

MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT PAGE 23
The following Schedules are attached to and made a part of this Agreement:
A. Final Report of the Mediator to the Government dated May 21, 2001;
B. Prestea Concession Area Map;
C. BGL Mining Lease;
D. PGR Mining Lease;
E. Environmental Indemnity;
F. Joint Operating Agreement; and
G. Licence Agreement.

Exhibit 21.1
Subsidiaries of the registrant
Subsidiaries of the Registrant as of December 31, 2001
Golden Star Holdings Ltd.
Venezuela Investments Ltd.
Pan African Resources Corporation
Southern Star Resources Ltd.
Guyanor Ressources S.A. (72.6%)
Societe de Travaux Publics et de Mines Auriferes en Guyane

("SOTRAPMAG")

Societe Mines de St-Elie ("SMSE") Societe des Mines de Yaou & Dorlin ("SMYD") (50%) Caystar Holdings
Bogoso Holdings
Bogoso Gold Limited ("BGL") (90%) GSR (IOM) Limited
Barnex (Ghanan) Limited
Barnex (Prestea) Limited (90%)

Exhibit 23.1
Consent of the Independent Accountants
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 33-81614) and the Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-82106) of Golden Star Resources Ltd. of our report dated March 22, 2002 relating to the consolidated financial statements, which appears in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Chartered Accountants
Calgary, Alberta
March 29, 2002