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1. Consolidation and Nature of Operations
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Pinnacle West and our subsidiaries: APS, SunCor Development Company (SunCor), APS Energy Services Company, Inc. (APSES), and El Dorado Investment Company (El Dorado). See Note 13 for discussion of discontinued operations of APSES. Intercompany accounts and transactions between the consolidated companies have been eliminated. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for APS include the accounts of APS and the Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station (Palo Verde) sale leaseback variable interest entities (VIEs) (see Note 7 for further discussion). Our accounting records are maintained in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Weather conditions cause significant seasonal fluctuations in our revenues; therefore, results for interim periods do not necessarily represent results expected for the year.
In preparing the condensed consolidated financial statements, we have evaluated the events that have occurred after June 30, 2011 through the date the financial statements were issued.
Our condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments except as otherwise disclosed in the notes) that we believe are necessary for the fair presentation of our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. These condensed consolidated financial statements and notes have been prepared consistently with the 2010 Form 10-K with the exception of the reclassification of certain prior year amounts on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income, Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows in accordance with accounting requirements for reporting discontinued operations (see Note 13) and the impacts related to the reclassification of regulatory assets and liabilities for the current portion (see Note 3).
The following tables show the impact of the reclassifications to prior year (previously reported) amounts (dollars in thousands):
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2. Long-Term Debt and Liquidity Matters
Pinnacle West and APS maintain committed revolving credit facilities in order to enhance liquidity and provide credit support for their commercial paper programs. During the first quarter of 2011, APS refinanced an existing revolving credit facility (as discussed below) that would have otherwise matured in September 2011.
Pinnacle West
On February 23, 2011, Pinnacle West entered into a $175 million term loan facility that matures February 20, 2015. Pinnacle West used the proceeds of the loan to repay its 5.91% $175 million Senior Notes. Interest rates are based on Pinnacle Wests senior unsecured debt credit ratings, or if unavailable, its long-term issuer ratings. On July 25, 2011, we repaid $25 million of the $175 million term loan facility.
At June 30, 2011, Pinnacle Wests $200 million credit facility, which matures in 2013, was available for bank borrowings, support of its $200 million commercial paper program, or for issuances of letters of credit. Pinnacle West has the option to increase the amount of the facility up to a maximum of $300 million upon the satisfaction of certain conditions and with the consent of the lenders. At June 30, 2011, Pinnacle West had no outstanding borrowings under this credit facility, no outstanding letters of credit and commercial paper borrowings of $7 million.
APS
On February 14, 2011, APS refinanced its $489 million revolving credit facility that would have matured in September 2011, with a new $500 million facility. The new revolving credit facility terminates in February 2015. APS may increase the amount of the facility up to a maximum of $700 million upon the satisfaction of certain conditions and with the consent of the lenders. APS will use the facility for general corporate purposes, commercial paper program support and for the issuance of letters of credit. Interest rates are based on APSs senior unsecured debt credit ratings.
At June 30, 2011, APS had two credit facilities totaling $1 billion, including the $500 million credit facility described above and a $500 million facility that matures in February 2013. These facilities are available to support its $250 million commercial paper program, for bank borrowings or for issuances of letters of credit. At June 30, 2011, APS had no borrowings outstanding under any of its credit facilities and no outstanding commercial paper. A $20 million letter of credit was outstanding under APSs 2011 $500 million credit facility described above.
See Financial Assurances in Note 10 for discussion of APSs other letters of credit.
Debt Provisions
An existing ACC order requires APS to maintain a common equity ratio of at least 40%. As defined in the ACC order, the common equity ratio is total shareholder equity divided by the sum of total shareholder equity and long-term debt, including current maturities of long-term debt. At June 30, 2011, APS was in compliance with this common equity ratio requirement. Its total shareholder equity was approximately $3.7 billion, and total capitalization was approximately $7.1 billion. APS would be prohibited from paying dividends if the payment would reduce its total shareholder equity below approximately $2.8 billion, assuming APSs total capitalization remains the same. This restriction does not materially affect Pinnacle Wests ability to meet its ongoing capital requirements. |
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3. Regulatory Matters
Retail Rate Case Filing with the Arizona Corporation Commission
On June 1, 2011, APS filed an application with the ACC for a net retail base rate increase of $95.5 million. The Company requested that the increase become effective July 1, 2012. The request would increase the average retail customer bill approximately 6.6%. The filing is based on a test year ended December 31, 2010, adjusted as described below. APSs filing was deemed sufficient by the ACC staff and APS is now awaiting a procedural order from the ACC and expects a hearing will be scheduled for early 2012.
The key financial provisions of the request included:
· an increase in non-fuel base rates of $194.1 million, before the reclassification into base rates of $44.9 million of revenues related to solar generation projects collected through the Companys renewable energy surcharge (which will increase base rates) and $143.5 million of lower fuel and purchased power costs currently addressed through the Power Supply Adjustor (the PSA) (which will decrease base rates);
· a rate base of $5.7 billion, which approximates the ACC-jurisdictional portion of the book value of utility assets, net of accumulated depreciation and other credits, as of December 31, 2010, subject to certain adjustments, including plant additions under construction at the end of the test year that are currently in service or expected to be placed into service before the proposed rates are requested to become effective;
· the following proposed capital structure and costs of capital:
· a base rate for fuel and purchased power costs (Base Fuel Rate) of $0.03242 per kilowatt-hour (kWh) based on estimated 2012 prices (a decrease from the current Base Fuel Rate of $0.03757 per kWh).
The Company proposed that its PSA be modified to allow full pass-through of all fuel and purchased power costs, instead of the current 90/10 sharing provision. In addition, APS proposed two new recovery mechanisms that would adjust electricity rates annually between changes in retail base rates. The Efficiency and Infrastructure Account, a decoupling mechanism, would address recovery of the Companys fixed costs after reflecting implementation of ACC-mandated energy efficiency standards and renewable distributed generation. The Environmental and Reliability Account, a generation infrastructure adjustment mechanism, would allow recovery of the costs associated with generation investments related to new generation additions, generation efficiency projects and environmental compliance requirements.
2008 General Retail Rate Case Impacts
On December 30, 2009, the ACC issued an order approving a settlement agreement entered into by APS and twenty-one other parties in APSs prior general retail rate case, which was originally filed in March 2008. The settlement agreement included a net retail rate increase of $207.5 million, which represented a base rate increase of $344.7 million less a reclassification of $137.2 million of fuel and purchased power revenues from the then-existing PSA to base rates. The new rates were effective January 1, 2010. The settlement agreement also contained on-going requirements, commitments and authorizations, including the following:
· Revenue accounting treatment for line extension payments received for new or upgraded service from January 1, 2010 through year end 2012 (or until new rates are established in APSs next general rate case, if that is before the end of 2012);
· An authorized return on common equity of 11%;
· A capital structure comprised of 46.2% debt and 53.8% common equity;
· A commitment from APS to reduce average annual operational expenses by at least $30 million from 2010 through 2014 (APS filed a notification with the ACC on April 29, 2011, demonstrating its compliance with this provision in 2010);
· Authorization and requirements of equity infusions into APS of at least $700 million during the period beginning June 1, 2009 through December 31, 2014 ($253 million of which was infused into APS from proceeds of a Pinnacle West equity issuance in the second quarter of 2010); and
· Various modifications to the existing energy efficiency, demand-side management and renewable energy programs that require APS to, among other things, expand its conservation and demand-side management programs and its use of renewable energy, as well as allow for concurrent recovery of renewable energy expenses and provide for more concurrent recovery of demand-side management costs and incentives.
Cost Recovery Mechanisms
APS has received regulatory decisions that allow for more timely recovery of certain costs through the following recovery mechanisms.
Renewable Energy Standard. In 2006, the ACC approved the Arizona Renewable Energy Standard and Tariff (RES). Under the RES, electric utilities that are regulated by the ACC must supply an increasing percentage of their retail electric energy sales from eligible renewable resources, including solar, wind, biomass, biogas and geothermal technologies. In order to achieve these requirements, the ACC allows APS to include a RES surcharge as part of customer bills to recover the approved amounts for use on renewable energy projects. Each year APS is required to file a five-year implementation plan with the ACC and seek approval for funding the upcoming years RES budget.
During 2009, APS filed its annual RES implementation plan, covering the 2010-2014 timeframe and requesting 2010 RES funding approval. The plan provided for the acquisition of renewable generation in compliance with requirements through 2014, and requested RES funding of $87 million for 2010, which was later approved by the ACC. APS also sought various other determinations in its plan, including approval of the AZ Sun Program and the Community Power Project in Flagstaff, Arizona described below.
On March 3, 2010, the ACC approved the AZ Sun Program, which contemplates the addition of 100 megawatts (MW) of APS-owned solar resources through 2014. Through this program, APS plans to invest up to $500 million in solar photovoltaic projects across Arizona, which APS will acquire through competitive procurement processes. The costs associated with the first 50 MW under this program will be recovered initially through the RES until such time as the costs are recovered in base rates or other mechanisms. The costs of the second 50 MW will be recovered through a mechanism to be determined in APSs current retail rate case.
On April 1, 2010, the ACC approved the Community Power Project, a pilot program in which APS will own, operate and receive energy from approximately 1.5 MW of solar panels on the rooftops of up to 200 residential and business customers located within a certain test area in Flagstaff, Arizona. The capital carrying costs of the program will be recovered through the RES until such time as these costs are recovered in base rates.
On July 1, 2010, APS filed its annual RES implementation plan, covering the 2011-2015 timeframe and requesting 2011 RES funding of $96 million. The 2011 Plan addressed enhancements to the residential distributed energy incentive program based on high customer participation, among other things. On October 13, 2010, APS filed an adjusted RES implementation plan to reflect the following items, among others: 1) increased clarity relating to customer project in-service dates and related budget revisions; 2) AZ Sun Program updates; and 3) the addition of 10 MW of biomass capacity. On December 10, 2010, the ACC approved the 2011 Plan and associated funding request. On February 11, 2011, the ACC amended its original decision that approved the 2011 Plan as follows: the ACC (a) reversed its approval of a feed-in tariff program; (b) restricted APSs ownership of facilities to only economically challenged, rural schools and only after a school has received a bid from a third-party solar installer; (c) approved the Rapid Reservation program; and (d) maintained the original approved budget with some timing modifications.
On July 1, 2011, APS filed its annual RES implementation plan, covering the 2012-2016 timeframe and requesting 2012 RES funding of $129 million to $152 million. The range in the funding request arises from APS offering several options for third-party initiatives. The options involve obtaining 150 MW from third-parties entirely through power purchase agreements (PPAs) or through a mix of PPAs and non-residential distributed energy programs. APS also proposed an additional 100 MW of APS-owned AZ Sun projects and 25 MW of APS-owned facilities on schools. APS expects a decision from the ACC by year end.
Demand-Side Management Adjustor Charge (DSMAC). The settlement agreement related to the 2008 retail rate case requires APS to submit an annual Energy Efficiency Implementation Plan for review by and approval of the ACC. On July 15, 2009, APS filed its initial Energy Efficiency Implementation Plan, requesting approval by the ACC of programs and program elements for which APS had estimated a budget in the amount of $50 million for 2010. APS received ACC approval of all of its proposed programs and implemented the new DSMAC on March 1, 2010. A surcharge was added to customer bills in order to recover these estimated amounts for use on certain demand-side management programs. The surcharge allows for the recovery of energy efficiency expenses and any earned incentives.
The ACC approved recovery of all 2009 program costs plus incentives. The change from program cost recovery on a historical basis to recovery on a concurrent basis, as authorized in the settlement agreement, resulted in this one-time need to address two years (2009 and 2010) of cost recovery. As requested by APS, 2009 program cost recovery is to be spread over a three-year period.
On June 1, 2010, APS filed its 2011 Energy Efficiency Implementation Plan. In order to meet the energy efficiency goal for 2011 established by the settlement agreement of annual energy savings of 1.25%, expressed as a percent of total energy resources to meet retail load, APS proposed a total budget for 2011 of $79 million. On February 17, 2011, a total budget for 2011 of $80 million was approved and when added to the amortization of 2009 program costs discussed above less the $10 million already being recovered in general rates, the DSMAC would recover approximately $75 million over a twelve month period beginning March 1, 2011.
On June 1, 2011, APS filed its 2012 Energy Efficiency Implementation Plan to meet the energy efficiency requirements of the ACCs Energy Efficiency Rules, which became effective January 1, 2011. The 2012 requirement under such rules is for energy efficiency savings of 1.75% of APS retail sales for the prior year. This energy savings requirement is slightly higher than the goal established by the settlement agreement (1.5% of total energy resources). APS proposed a budget for 2012 of $90 million. When added to the third and final year of the amortization of 2009 program costs discussed above and less the $10 million already being recovered in general rates, the proposed 2012 DSMAC would recover approximately $85 million over a twelve month period beginning March 1, 2012.
PSA Mechanism and Balance. The PSA provides for the adjustment of retail rates to reflect variations in retail fuel and purchased power costs.
The following table shows the changes in the deferred fuel and purchased power regulatory liability for 2011 and 2010 (dollars in millions):
The PSA rate for the PSA year beginning February 1, 2011 is ($0.0057) per kWh as compared to ($0.0045) per kWh for the prior year. The regulatory liability at June 30, 2011 reflects lower average prices, primarily for natural gas and gas-based generation. Any uncollected (overcollected) deferrals during the 2011 PSA year will be included in the calculation of the PSA rate for the PSA year beginning February 1, 2012.
Transmission Rates and Transmission Cost Adjustor. In July 2008, the United States Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) approved an Open Access Transmission Tariff for APS to move from fixed rates to a formula rate-setting methodology in order to more accurately reflect and recover the costs that APS incurs in providing transmission services. A large portion of the rate represents charges for transmission services to serve APSs retail customers (Retail Transmission Charges). In order to recover the Retail Transmission Charges, APS must file an application with, and obtain approval from, the ACC to reflect changes in Retail Transmission Charges through the transmission cost adjustor (TCA).
The formula rate is updated each year effective June 1 on the basis of APSs actual cost of service, as disclosed in APSs FERC Form 1 report for the previous fiscal year. Items to be updated include actual capital expenditures made as compared with previous projections, transmission revenue credits and other items. The resolution of proposed adjustments can result in significant volatility in the revenues to be collected. APS reviews the proposed formula rate filing amounts with the ACC staff. Any items or adjustments which are not agreed to by APS and the ACC staff can remain in dispute until settled or litigated at FERC. Settlement or litigated resolution of disputed issues could require an extended period of time and could have a significant effect on the Retail Transmission Charge because any adjustment, though applied prospectively, may be calculated to account for previously over-collected amounts.
Effective June 1, 2011, APSs annual wholesale transmission rates for all users of its transmission system increased by approximately $44 million for the twelve-month period beginning June 1, 2011 in accordance with the FERC-approved formula as a result of higher costs and lower revenues reflected in the formula. Approximately $38 million of this revenue increase relates to transmission services used for APSs retail customers. The ACC approved the related increase of APSs TCA rate on June 21, 2011 and it became effective on July 1, 2011.
Regulatory Assets and Liabilities
As discussed in Note 1, as of June 30, 2011, the Company revised its presentation of regulatory assets and liabilities to separately reflect current and non-current amounts on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. This presentation is reflected in the tables below.
The detail of regulatory assets is as follows (dollars in millions):
(a) See Cost Recovery Mechanisms discussion above. (b) There are no regulatory assets for which the ACC has allowed recovery of costs but not allowed a return by exclusion from rate base. FERC rates are set using a formula rate as described in Transmission Rates and Transmission Cost Adjustor.
Included in the balance of regulatory assets at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 is a regulatory asset for pension and other postretirement benefits. This regulatory asset represents the future recovery of these costs through retail rates as these amounts are charged to earnings. If these costs are disallowed by the ACC, this regulatory asset would be charged to other comprehensive income (OCI) and result in lower future earnings.
The detail of regulatory liabilities is as follows (dollars in millions):
(a) In accordance with regulatory accounting guidance, APS accrues for removal costs for its regulated assets, even if there is no legal obligation for removal. (b) See Cost Recovery Mechanisms discussion above. (c) Subject to a carrying charge. |
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4. Retirement Plans and Other Benefits
Pinnacle West sponsors a qualified defined benefit and account balance pension plan, a non-qualified supplemental excess benefit retirement plan, and other postretirement benefit plans for the employees of Pinnacle West and our subsidiaries. Pinnacle West uses a December 31 measurement date for its pension and other postretirement benefit plans. The market-related value of our plan assets is their fair value at the measurement date.
The following table provides details of the plans net periodic benefit costs and the portion of these costs charged to expense (including administrative costs and excluding amounts capitalized as overhead construction, billed to electric plant participants or charged to a regulatory asset) (dollars in millions):
Contributions
The required minimum contribution to our pension plan is zero in 2011 and approximately $68 million in 2012. The contributions to our other postretirement benefit plans for 2011 and 2012 are expected to be approximately $20 million each year. APS and other subsidiaries fund their respective shares of these contributions. APSs share is approximately 99% of both plans. |
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5. Business Segments
Pinnacle Wests reportable business segment is our regulated electricity segment, which consists of traditional regulated retail and wholesale electricity businesses (primarily retail and wholesale sales supplied to traditional cost-based rate regulation (Native Load) customers) and related activities and includes electricity generation, transmission and distribution.
Financial data for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010 and at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 is provided as follows (dollars in millions):
(a) All other activities relate to APSES, SunCor and El Dorado. |
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6. Income Taxes
The $68 million income tax receivable on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets represents the anticipated refunds related to an APS tax accounting method change approved by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) in the third quarter of 2009. This amount is classified as long-term, as cash refunds are not expected to be received in the next twelve months.
On February 17, 2011, Arizona enacted legislation (H.B. 2001) that included a four year phase-in of corporate income tax rate reductions beginning in 2014. As a result of these tax rate reductions, Pinnacle West has revised the tax rate applicable to reversing temporary items in Arizona. In accordance with accounting for regulated companies, the benefit of this rate reduction is substantially offset by a regulatory liability. In the first quarter of 2011, Pinnacle West increased regulatory liabilities by a total of $53 million, with a corresponding decrease in accumulated deferred income tax liabilities to reflect the impact of this change in tax law.
As of the balance sheet date, the tax year ended December 31, 2008 and all subsequent tax years remain subject to examination by the IRS. With few exceptions, we are no longer subject to state income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2006. We do not anticipate that there will be any significant increases or decreases in our unrecognized tax benefits within the next twelve months. |
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7. Palo Verde Sale Leaseback Variable-Interest Entities
In 1986, APS entered into agreements with three separate VIE lessor trusts in order to sell and lease back interests in Palo Verde Unit 2 and related common facilities. The VIE lessor trusts are single-asset leasing entities. APS will pay approximately $49 million per year for the years 2011 to 2015 related to these leases. The leases do not contain fixed price purchase options or residual value guarantees. However, the lease agreements include fixed rate renewal periods which may have a significant impact on the VIEs economic performance. We have concluded that these fixed rate renewal periods may give APS the ability to utilize the asset for a significant portion of the assets economic life, and therefore provide APS with the power to direct activities of the VIEs that most significantly impact the VIEs economic performance. In addition to the fixed rate renewal periods, our primary beneficiary analysis also considered that APS is the operating agent for Palo Verde, has fair value purchase options, and is obligated to decommission the leased assets.
For the reasons discussed above, APS consolidates these VIEs. Consolidation of these VIEs eliminates the lease accounting and results in changes in our consolidated assets, debt, equity, and net income. Assets of the VIEs are restricted and may only be used to settle the VIEs debt obligations and for payment to the noncontrolling interest holders. Other than the VIEs assets reported on our consolidated financial statements, the creditors of the VIEs have no other recourse to the assets of APS or Pinnacle West, except in certain circumstances such as a default by APS under the lease. As a result of consolidation we eliminate rent expense and recognize depreciation and interest expense, resulting in an increase in net income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 of $7 million and of $13 million respectively, entirely attributable to the noncontrolling interests. Income attributable to Pinnacle West shareholders remains the same. Consolidation of these VIEs also results in changes to our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, but does not impact net cash flows.
Our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 include the following amounts relating to the VIEs (in millions):
For regulatory ratemaking purposes the agreements are treated as operating leases and, as a result, we have recorded a regulatory asset of $34 million as of June 30, 2011 and $33 million as of December 31, 2010.
APS is exposed to losses relating to these lessor trust VIEs upon the occurrence of certain events that APS does not consider to be reasonably likely to occur. Under certain circumstances (for example, the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) issuing specified violation orders with respect to Palo Verde or the occurrence of specified nuclear events), APS would be required to make specified payments to the VIEs noncontrolling equity participants, assume the VIEs debt, and take title to the leased Unit 2 interests, which, if appropriate, may be required to be written down in value. If such an event had occurred as of June 30, 2011, APS would have been required to pay the noncontrolling equity participants approximately $145 million and assume $113 million of debt. Since APS consolidates the VIEs, the debt APS would be required to assume is already reflected in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. |
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8. Derivative Accounting
We are exposed to the impact of market fluctuations in the commodity price and transportation costs of electricity, natural gas, coal, emissions allowances, and in interest rates. We manage risks associated with these market fluctuations by utilizing various derivative instruments, including futures, forwards, options and swaps. As part of our overall risk management program, we may use such instruments to hedge purchases and sales of electricity, fuels, and emissions allowances and credits. Derivative instruments that are designated as cash flow hedges are used to limit our exposure to cash flow variability on forecasted transactions. The changes in market value of such contracts have a high correlation to price changes in the hedged transactions. We may also invest in derivative instruments for trading purposes; however, for the period ended June 30, 2011, there was no material trading activity.
Our derivative instruments are accounted for at fair value; see Note 14 for a discussion of fair value measurements. Derivative instruments for the physical delivery of purchase and sale quantities transacted in the normal course of business qualify for the normal purchase and sales scope exception and are accounted for under the accrual method of accounting. Due to the scope exception, these derivative instruments are excluded from our derivative instrument discussion and disclosures below.
We also enter into derivative instruments for economic hedging purposes. While we believe the economic hedges mitigate exposure to fluctuations in commodity prices, some of these instruments may not meet the specific hedge accounting requirements and are not designated as accounting hedges. Economic hedges not designated as accounting hedges are recorded at fair value on our balance sheet with changes in fair value recognized in the statement of income as incurred. These instruments are included in the non-designated hedges discussion and disclosure below.
Hedge effectiveness is the degree to which the derivative instrument contract and the hedged item are correlated and is measured based on the relative changes in fair value of the derivative instrument contract and the hedged item over time. We assess hedge effectiveness both at inception and on a continuing basis. These assessments exclude the time value of certain options. For accounting hedges that are deemed an effective hedge, the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instrument is reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) and reclassified into earnings in the same period during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. We recognize in current earnings, subject to the PSA, the gains and losses representing hedge ineffectiveness, and the gains and losses on any hedge components which are excluded from our effectiveness assessment. As of June 30, 2011, we hedged the majority of certain exposures to the price variability of commodities for a maximum of 39 months.
In the electricity business, some contracts to purchase energy are netted against other contracts to sell energy. This is called book-out and usually occurs in contracts that have the same terms (quantities and delivery points) and for which power does not flow. We net these book-outs, which reduces both revenues and fuel and purchased power costs in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income, but this does not impact our financial condition, net income or cash flows.
For its regulated operations, APS defers for future rate treatment approximately 90% of unrealized gains and losses on certain derivatives pursuant to the PSA mechanism that would otherwise be recognized in income. Realized gains and losses on derivatives are deferred in accordance with the PSA to the extent the amounts are above or below the portion of APSs base rates attributable to fuel and purchased power costs (see Note 3). Gains and losses from derivatives in the following tables represent the amounts reflected in income before the effect of PSA deferrals.
As of June 30, 2011, we had the following outstanding gross notional amount of derivatives, which represent both purchases and sales (does not reflect net position):
(a) MMBTU is one million British thermal units.
Derivative Instruments in Designated Accounting Hedging Relationships
The following table provides information about gains and losses from derivative instruments in designated accounting hedging relationships and their impact on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income during the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010 (dollars in thousands):
(a) During the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, we had no amounts reclassified from AOCI to earnings related to discontinued cash flow hedges.
During the next twelve months, we estimate that a net loss of $89 million before income taxes will be reclassified from AOCI as an offset to the effect of market price changes for the related hedged transactions. Approximately 90% of the amounts related to derivatives subject to the PSA will be recorded as either a regulatory asset or liability and have no effect on earnings.
Derivative Instruments Not Designated as Accounting Hedges
The following table provides information about gains and losses from derivative instruments not designated as accounting hedging instruments and their impact on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income during the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010 (dollars in thousands):
Fair Values of Derivative Instruments in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
The following table provides information about the fair value of our derivative instruments, margin account and cash collateral reported on a gross basis. Transactions with counterparties that have master netting arrangements are reported net on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. These amounts are located in the assets and liabilities from risk management activities lines of our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Amounts are as of June 30, 2011 (dollars in thousands):
(a) Amounts represent collateral relating to non-derivatives and derivative instruments, including those that qualify for scope exceptions.
The following table provides information about the fair value of our derivative instruments, margin account and cash collateral reported on a gross basis at December 31, 2010 (dollars in thousands):
(a) Amounts represent collateral relating to non-derivatives and derivative instruments, including those that qualify for scope exceptions.
Credit Risk and Credit-Related Contingent Features
We are exposed to losses in the event of nonperformance or nonpayment by counterparties. We have risk management contracts with many counterparties, including two counterparties for which our exposure represents approximately 64% of Pinnacle Wests $82 million of risk management assets as of June 30, 2011. This exposure relates to long-term traditional wholesale contracts with counterparties that have very high credit quality. Our risk management process assesses and monitors the financial exposure of all counterparties. Despite the fact that the great majority of trading counterparties debt is rated as investment grade by the credit rating agencies, there is still a possibility that one or more of these companies could default, resulting in a material impact on consolidated earnings for a given period. Counterparties in the portfolio consist principally of financial institutions, major energy companies, municipalities and local distribution companies. We maintain credit policies that we believe minimize overall credit risk to within acceptable limits. Determination of the credit quality of our counterparties is based upon a number of factors, including credit ratings and our evaluation of their financial condition. To manage credit risk, we employ collateral requirements and standardized agreements that allow for the netting of positive and negative exposures associated with a single counterparty. Valuation adjustments are established representing our estimated credit losses on our overall exposure to counterparties.
Certain of our derivative instrument contracts contain credit-risk-related contingent features including, among other things, investment grade credit rating provisions, credit-related cross default provisions, and adequate assurance provisions. Adequate assurance provisions allow a counterparty with reasonable grounds for uncertainty to demand additional collateral based on subjective events and/or conditions. The aggregate fair value of all derivative instruments with credit-risk-related contingent features that were in a liability position on June 30, 2011 was $303 million, for which we had posted collateral of $147 million in the normal course of business.
For those derivative instruments in a net liability position, with investment grade credit contingencies, the counterparties could demand additional collateral if our debt credit ratings were to fall below investment grade (below BBB- for Standard & Poors or Fitch or Baa3 for Moodys). If the investment grade contingent features underlying these agreements had been fully triggered on June 30, 2011, after off-setting asset positions under master netting arrangements we would have been required to post approximately an additional $106 million of collateral to our counterparties; this amount includes those contracts which qualify for scope exceptions, which are excluded from the derivative details in the above footnote. We also have energy related non-derivative instrument contracts with investment grade credit-related contingent features which could also require us to post additional collateral of approximately $194 million if our debt credit ratings were to fall below investment grade. |
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9. Changes in Equity
The following tables show Pinnacle Wests changes in shareholders equity and changes in equity of noncontrolling interests for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010 (dollars in thousands):
(a) These amounts primarily include unrealized losses on contracts used to hedge our forecasted electricity and natural gas requirements to serve Native Load. These changes are primarily due to changes in forward natural gas prices and wholesale electricity prices.
(b) These amounts primarily include the reclassification of unrealized losses to realized losses for contracted commodities delivered during the period. |
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11. Other Income and Other Expense
The following table provides detail of other income and other expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010 (dollars in thousands):
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14. Fair Value Measurements
We disclose the fair value of certain assets and liabilities according to a fair value hierarchy. This hierarchy ranks the quality and reliability of the inputs used to determine fair values, which are then classified and disclosed in one of three categories. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are:
Level 1 Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Active markets are those in which transactions for the asset or liability occur in sufficient frequency and volume to provide information on an ongoing basis. This category includes derivative instruments that are exchange-traded such as futures, cash equivalents invested in exchange-traded money market funds, exchange-traded equities, and nuclear decommissioning trust investments in Treasury securities.
Level 2 Quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable. This category includes nonexchange-traded contracts such as forwards, options, and swaps. This category also includes investments in common and commingled funds that are redeemable and valued based on the funds net asset values.
Level 3 Model-derived valuations with significant unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity. Instruments in this category include long-dated derivative transactions where models are required due to the length of the transaction, options, and transactions in locations where observable market data does not exist. The valuation models we employ utilize spot prices, forward prices, historical market data and other factors to forecast future prices. The primary valuation technique we use to calculate the fair value of contracts where price quotes are not available is based on the extrapolation of forward pricing curves using observable market data for more liquid delivery points in the same region and actual transactions at the more illiquid delivery points.
Assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. We maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. If market data is not readily available, inputs may reflect our own assumptions about the inputs market participants would use. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect the valuation of fair value assets and liabilities as well as their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels. Thus, a valuation may be classified in Level 3 even though the valuation may include significant inputs that are readily observable. We assess whether a market is active by obtaining observable broker quotes, reviewing actual market transactions, and assessing the volume of transactions. We consider broker quotes observable inputs when the quote is binding on the broker, we can validate the quote with market transactions, or we can determine that the inputs the broker used to arrive at the quoted price are observable.
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
We apply recurring fair value measurements to derivative instruments, nuclear decommissioning trusts, certain cash equivalents and plan assets held in our retirement and other benefit plans (see Note 8).
Cash Equivalents
Cash equivalents represent short-term investments in exchange-traded money market funds that are valued using quoted prices in active markets.
Risk Management Activities
Exchange-traded contracts are valued using quoted prices in active markets. For non-exchange traded contracts, we calculate fair market value based on the average of the bid and offer price, discounted to reflect net present value. We maintain certain valuation adjustments for a number of risks associated with the valuation of future commitments. These include valuation adjustments for liquidity and credit risks based on the financial condition of counterparties. The liquidity valuation adjustment represents the cost that would be incurred if all unmatched positions were closed-out or hedged.
The credit valuation adjustment represents estimated credit losses on our overall exposure to counterparties, taking into account netting arrangements, expected default experience for the credit rating of the counterparties and the overall diversification of the portfolio. Counterparties in the portfolio consist principally of major energy companies, municipalities, local distribution companies and financial institutions. We maintain credit policies that management believes minimize overall credit risk. Determination of the credit quality of counterparties is based upon a number of factors, including credit ratings, financial condition, project economics and collateral requirements. When applicable, we employ standardized agreements that allow for the netting of positive and negative exposures associated with a single counterparty.
Some of our derivative instrument transactions are valued based on unobservable inputs due to the long-term nature of contracts or the unique location of the transactions. Our long-dated energy transactions consist of observable valuations for the near term portion and unobservable valuations for the long-term portions of the transaction. When the unobservable portion is significant to the overall valuation of the transaction, the entire transaction is classified as Level 3. Our classification of instruments as Level 3 is primarily reflective of the long-term nature of our energy transactions and heat rate options, and is not reflective of material inactive markets.
Nuclear Decommissioning Trust
The nuclear decommissioning trust invests in fixed income securities directly and equity securities indirectly through commingled funds. Cash equivalents are held in a fixed income security commingled fund. The commingled funds are valued based on the funds net asset value and are classified within Level 2. We may transact in the equity commingled fund on a semi-monthly basis and the cash equivalent commingled fund on a daily basis. Our trustee provides valuation of our nuclear decommissioning trust assets by using pricing services to determine fair market value. We assess these valuations and verify that pricing can be supported by actual recent market transactions. The trust fund investments have been established to satisfy APSs nuclear decommissioning obligations.
Fair Value Tables
The following table presents the fair value at June 30, 2011 of our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (dollars in millions):
(a) Primarily consists of heat rate options and long-dated electricity contracts. (b) Risk management activities represent netting under master netting agreements, including margin and collateral (see Note 8). Nuclear decommissioning trust represents net pending securities sales and purchases. (c) These cash equivalents are held in a commingled short-term investment fund that invests in short-term, highly liquid, fixed income instruments.
The following table presents the fair value at December 31, 2010 of our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (dollars in millions):
(a) Primarily consists of heat rate options and long-dated electricity contracts. (b) Risk management activities represent netting under master netting arrangements, including margin and collateral. See Note 8. Nuclear decommissioning trust represents net pending securities sales and purchases. (c) These cash equivalents are held in a commingled short-term investment fund that invests in short-term, highly liquid, fixed income instruments.
The following table shows the changes in fair value for assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010 (dollars in millions):
Amounts included in earnings are recorded in either regulated electricity segment revenue or regulated electricity segment fuel and purchased power depending on the nature of the underlying contract.
Transfers reflect the fair market value at the beginning of the period and are triggered by a change in the lowest significant input as of the end of the period. We had no significant Level 1 transfers to or from any other hierarchy level. Transfers in or out of Level 3 are typically related to our heat rate option models and long-dated energy transactions that extend beyond available quoted periods.
Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements
We may be required to record other assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These nonrecurring fair value measurements typically involve write-downs of individual assets due to impairment.
Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value
The carrying value of our net accounts receivable, accounts payable and short-term borrowings approximate fair value. Our long-term debt fair value estimates are based on quoted market prices of the same or similar issues. Certain of our debt instruments contain third-party credit enhancements and, in accordance with GAAP, we do not consider the effect of these credit enhancements when determining fair value.
The following table represents the carrying amount and estimated fair value of our long-term debt, including current maturities (dollars in millions):
Nuclear Decommissioning Trust
To fund the costs APS expects to incur to decommission Palo Verde, APS established external decommissioning trusts in accordance with NRC regulations. Third-party investment managers are authorized to buy and sell securities per their stated investment guidelines. The trust funds are invested in fixed income securities and domestic equity securities. APS classifies investments in decommissioning trust funds as available for sale. As a result, we record the decommissioning trust funds at their fair value on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Because of the ability of APS to recover decommissioning costs in rates and in accordance with the regulatory treatment for decommissioning trust funds, we have recorded the offsetting amount of gains or losses on investment securities in other regulatory liabilities or assets. The following table summarizes the fair value of APSs nuclear decommissioning trust fund assets at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 (dollars in millions):
(a) Net payables relate to pending securities sales and purchases.
(a) Net payables relate to pending securities sales and purchases.
The costs of securities sold are determined on the basis of specific identification. The following table sets forth approximate realized gains and losses and proceeds from the sale of securities by the nuclear decommissioning trust funds (dollars in millions):
(a) Proceeds are reinvested in the trust.
The fair value of fixed income securities, summarized by contractual maturities, at June 30, 2011 is as follows (dollars in millions):
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15. Asset Retirement Obligations
APS has asset retirement obligations for its Palo Verde nuclear facilities and certain other generation, transmission and distribution assets. In the first quarter of 2011, a new decommissioning study with updated cash flow estimates was completed for Palo Verde. This study reflects the twenty-year license extension approved by the NRC on April 21, 2011, which extends the commencement of decommissioning to 2045. The new study resulted in a $90 million decrease to the liability for asset retirements, a $78 million decrease to electric plant in service, and a $12 million increase to regulatory liabilities. |
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16. New Accounting Standards
In May 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued amended guidance to converge fair value measurement and disclosure requirements for U.S. GAAP and international financial reporting standards (IFRS). The amended guidance clarifies how certain fair value measurement principles should be applied and requires enhanced fair value disclosures. The guidance is effective for us on January 1, 2012. We are currently evaluating this guidance and the impact, if any, it may have on our financial statements.
In June 2011, the FASB issued amended guidance on the presentation of comprehensive income intended to increase the prominence of items reported in other comprehensive income and to facilitate convergence with IFRS. The amended guidance requires entities to present total comprehensive income, which includes components of net income and components of other comprehensive income, in either a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. The guidance is effective for us on January 1, 2012. This guidance will change our presentation of comprehensive income, but will not impact our financial statement results. |
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9. Changes in Equity
The following tables show Pinnacle Wests changes in shareholders equity and changes in equity of noncontrolling interests for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010 (dollars in thousands):
(a) These amounts primarily include unrealized losses on contracts used to hedge our forecasted electricity and natural gas requirements to serve Native Load. These changes are primarily due to changes in forward natural gas prices and wholesale electricity prices.
(b) These amounts primarily include the reclassification of unrealized losses to realized losses for contracted commodities delivered during the period. |
S-1. Changes in Equity
The following tables show APSs changes in shareholder equity and changes in equity of noncontrolling interests for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010 (dollars in thousands):
(a) These amounts primarily include unrealized losses on contracts used to hedge our forecasted electricity and natural gas requirements to serve Native Load. These changes are primarily due to changes in forward natural gas prices and wholesale electricity prices.
(b) These amounts primarily include the reclassification of unrealized losses to realized losses for contracted commodities delivered during the period. |
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11. Other Income and Other Expense
The following table provides detail of other income and other expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010 (dollars in thousands):
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S-2. Other Income and Other Expense
The following table provides detail of APSs other income and other expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010 (dollars in thousands):
(a) As defined by FERC, includes below-the-line non-operating utility expense (items excluded from utility rate recovery). |
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