OM ASSET MANAGEMENT PLC, 10-K filed on 3/15/2016
Annual Report
Document and Entity Information (USD $)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Mar. 11, 2016
Jun. 30, 2015
Document and Entity Information
 
 
 
Entity Registrant Name
OM Asset Management plc 
 
 
Entity Central Index Key
0001611702 
 
 
Current Fiscal Year End Date
--12-31 
 
 
Entity Filer Category
Large Accelerated Filer 
 
 
Document Type
10-K 
 
 
Document Period End Date
Dec. 31, 2015 
 
 
Document Fiscal Year Focus
2015 
 
 
Document Fiscal Period Focus
FY 
 
 
Amendment Flag
false 
 
 
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding
 
121,079,505 
 
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer
No 
 
 
Entity Voluntary Filers
No 
 
 
Entity Current Reporting Status
Yes 
 
 
Entity Public Float
 
 
$ 709,920,304 
Consolidated Balance Sheets (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Assets
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$ 135.9 
$ 268.6 
Investments (includes balances reported at fair value of $97.0 and $94.2)
202.6 
209.9 
Goodwill
126.5 
126.5 
Deferred tax assets
341.6 
330.3 
Investments at fair value
97.0 
154.8 
Total assets
1,014.1 
7,772.9 
Liabilities and shareholders' equity
 
 
Other compensation liabilities
260.8 
228.3 
Total liabilities
848.2 
5,215.5 
Commitments and contingencies
   
   
Redeemable non-controlling interests in consolidated Funds
61.9 
Equity:
 
 
Total equity and redeemable non-controlling interests in consolidated Funds
165.9 
2,557.4 
Total liabilities and equity
1,014.1 
7,772.9 
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
 
 
Assets
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
135.9 
175.6 
Investment advisory fees receivable
151.8 
161.1 
Property and equipment, net
30.7 
24.1 
Investments (includes balances reported at fair value of $97.0 and $94.2)
202.6 
149.3 
Acquired intangibles, net
1.5 
1.0 
Goodwill
126.5 
126.5 
Other assets
23.0 
21.3 
Note receivable due from related party
0.5 
Deferred tax assets
341.6 
330.3 
Investments at fair value
97.0 
94.2 
Liabilities and shareholders' equity
 
 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
45.7 
39.5 
Accrued incentive compensation
134.0 
132.1 
Other amounts due to related parties
222.9 
289.9 
Other compensation liabilities
260.8 
228.3 
Accrued income taxes
87.7 
47.0 
Notes payable to related parties
37.0 
Third party borrowings
90.0 
177.0 
Other liabilities
7.1 
5.9 
Equity:
 
 
Ordinary shares (nominal value $0.001; issued and outstanding 120,000,000 shares)
0.1 
0.1 
Shareholders' equity
168.6 
31.1 
Accumulated other comprehensive income
(2.8)
5.3 
Non-controlling interests
Consolidated Funds
 
 
Assets
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
93.0 
Other assets
89.2 
Restricted cash in Timber Funds
2,487.7 
Investments at fair value
60.6 
Timber assets
4,053.2 
Liabilities and shareholders' equity
 
 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
66.9 
Notes payable to related parties
318.7 
Other liabilities
79.6 
Long term debt
3,777.2 
Securities sold, not yet purchased, at fair value
16.4 
Redeemable non-controlling interests in consolidated Funds
61.9 
Equity:
 
 
Non-controlling interests
$ 0 
$ 2,459.0 
Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) (USD $)
In Millions, except Share data, unless otherwise specified
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Oct. 15, 2014
Investments, fair value (in dollars)
$ 97.0 
$ 154.8 
 
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
 
 
 
Investments, fair value (in dollars)
$ 97.0 
$ 94.2 
 
Ordinary shares, nominal value (in dollars per share)
$ 0.001 
$ 0.001 
$ 0.001 
Ordinary shares, issued shares
120,558,278 
120,000,000 
120,000,000 
Consolidated Statements of Operations (USD $)
In Millions, except Share data, unless otherwise specified
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2013
Revenue:
 
 
 
Total revenue
$ 699.3 
$ 1,056.3 
$ 928.6 
Operating expenses:
 
 
 
Amortization of acquired intangibles
0.1 
0.1 
0.1 
Total operating expenses
508.1 
1,123.5 
1,028.1 
Operating income (loss)
191.2 
(67.2)
(99.5)
Non-operating income and (expense):
 
 
 
Total non-operating income
10.1 
35.0 
15.7 
Income (loss) from continuing operations before taxes
201.3 
(32.2)
(83.8)
Income tax expense
46.6 
12.8 
13.3 
Income (loss) from continuing operations
154.7 
(45.0)
(97.1)
Gain (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
(1.1)
2.7 
Gain (loss) on disposal of discontinued operations, net of tax
0.8 
2.3 
(2.1)
Net income (loss)
155.5 
(43.8)
(96.5)
Net income attributable to controlling interests
155.5 
51.7 
25.7 
Earnings per share, basic (dollars per share)
$ 1.29 
 
 
Earnings per share, diluted (dollars per share)
$ 1.29 
 
 
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations, Per Basic Share (dollars per share)
$ 1.28 
 
 
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations, Per Diluted Share (dollars per share)
$ 1.28 
 
 
Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Basic (in shares)
120,000,000 
 
 
Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Diluted (in shares)
120,497,997 
 
 
Pro forma
 
 
 
Non-operating income and (expense):
 
 
 
Earnings per share, basic (dollars per share)
 
$ 0.43 
$ 0.21 
Earnings per share, diluted (dollars per share)
 
$ 0.43 
$ 0.21 
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations, Per Basic Share (dollars per share)
 
$ 0.46 
$ 0.16 
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations, Per Diluted Share (dollars per share)
 
$ 0.46 
$ 0.16 
Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Basic (in shares)
 
120,000,000 
120,000,000 
Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Diluted (in shares)
 
120,000,000 
120,000,000 
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
 
 
 
Revenue:
 
 
 
Management fees
637.2 
569.7 
478.2 
Performance fees
61.8 
34.3 
18.1 
Other revenue
0.3 
1.6 
1.8 
Operating expenses:
 
 
 
Compensation and benefits
412.8 
429.4 
352.3 
General and administrative expense
88.2 
83.9 
68.7 
Amortization of acquired intangibles
0.2 
0.1 
0.1 
Depreciation and amortization
6.9 
6.1 
4.9 
Non-operating income and (expense):
 
 
 
Investment income
13.0 
12.2 
10.7 
Interest income
0.2 
0.2 
0.5 
Interest expense
(3.1)
(50.6)
(72.2)
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests
0.1 
Consolidated Funds
 
 
 
Revenue:
 
 
 
Other revenue
25.0 
29.4 
Revenue from timber
425.7 
401.1 
Operating expenses:
 
 
 
Interest and dividend expense
135.6 
150.1 
Timber expense
257.7 
238.4 
Depletion expense
128.4 
142.9 
Other expense
82.3 
70.7 
Non-operating income and (expense):
 
 
 
Net consolidated Funds gains
73.2 
76.7 
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests
$ 0 
$ (95.5)
$ (122.3)
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2013
Net income (loss)
$ 155.5 
$ (43.8)
$ (96.5)
Valuation of derivative securities, net of tax
(6.6)
Foreign currency translation adjustment
(1.5)
(2.5)
(19.1)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)
147.4 
(46.3)
(115.6)
Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests, net of tax
0.1 
Total comprehensive income attributable to controlling interests
147.4 
52.4 
27.0 
Consolidated Funds
 
 
 
Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests, net of tax
$ 0 
$ (98.7)
$ (142.7)
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity (USD $)
In Millions, except Share data, unless otherwise specified
Total
Valuation of derivative securities
Foreign currency translation adjustment
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Common stock
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Shareholders' equity (deficit)
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Total shareholders' equity (deficit)
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Non-controlling interests
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Valuation of derivative securities
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Foreign currency translation adjustment
Consolidated Funds
Consolidated Funds
Non-controlling interests
Consolidated Funds
Foreign currency translation adjustment
Balance at Dec. 31, 2012
$ 2,343.1 
 
 
$ 0 
$ (483.8)
$ 1.6 
$ (482.2)
$ 0.9 
 
 
 
$ 2,824.4 
 
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2012
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at Dec. 31, 2012
2,432.0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at Dec. 31, 2012
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
88.9 
 
 
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capital contributions (redemptions)
(0.4)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(0.4)
 
Equity-based compensation
4.1 
 
 
 
5.0 
 
5.0 
(0.9)
 
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive income (loss)
 
 
(19.1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
1.4 
 
 
(20.5)
Parent company corporate cost allocation
3.3 
 
 
 
3.3 
 
3.3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Distributions
(99.3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(99.3)
 
Net income (loss)
(99.1)
 
 
 
25.7 
 
25.7 
0.1 
 
 
 
(124.9)
 
Increase (Decrease) in redeemable non-controlling interest in consolidated Funds
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capital contributions (redemptions)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
268.1 
 
 
Net consolidation (deconsolidation) of funds
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
109.0 
 
 
Distributions
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(65.3)
 
 
Net income (loss)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.6 
 
 
Increase (Decrease) in total equity and redeemable non-controlling interest in consolidated Funds
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capital contributions (redemptions)
267.7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity-based compensation
4.1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency translation adjustment
(19.1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Parent company corporate cost allocation
3.3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net consolidation (deconsolidation) of funds
109.0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Distributions
(164.6)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
(96.5)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at Dec. 31, 2013
2,132.6 
 
 
(449.8)
3.0 
(446.8)
0.1 
 
 
 
2,579.3 
 
Balance at Dec. 31, 2013
2,535.9 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at Dec. 31, 2013
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
403.3 
 
 
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2013
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capital contributions (redemptions)
901.0 
 
 
 
973.1 
 
973.1 
 
 
 
 
(72.1)
 
Equity-based compensation
8.9 
 
 
 
8.9 
 
8.9 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive income (loss)
 
 
(2.5)
 
 
 
 
 
 
0.7 
 
 
(3.2)
Parent company corporate cost allocation
3.4 
 
 
 
3.4 
 
3.4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net consolidation (deconsolidation) of funds
60.2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
60.2 
 
Transfer of subsidiary to Parent
(14.4)
 
 
 
(16.0)
1.6 
(14.4)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tax on gain from transfer of subsidiary to Parent
(3.2)
 
 
 
(3.2)
 
(3.2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Issuance of ordinary shares
0.1 
 
 
0.1 
 
 
0.1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Issuance of ordinary shares (in shares)
 
 
 
120,000,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred tax asset revaluation
4.3 
 
 
 
4.3 
 
4.3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Transfer of value incentive plan share award
1.8 
 
 
 
1.8 
 
1.8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assignment of deferred tax assets and coinvestments
(304.3)
 
 
 
(304.3)
 
(304.3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
IPO costs charged to parent
(23.1)
 
 
 
(23.1)
 
(23.1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Repurchase of Affiliate equity
(3.8)
 
 
 
(3.7)
 
(3.7)
(0.1)
 
 
 
 
 
Dividends to parent
(212.0)
 
 
 
(212.0)
 
(212.0)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
(53.5)
 
 
 
51.7 
 
51.7 
 
 
 
 
(105.2)
 
Increase (Decrease) in redeemable non-controlling interest in consolidated Funds
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capital contributions (redemptions)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5.1 
 
 
Net consolidation (deconsolidation) of funds
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(28.8)
 
 
Net income (loss)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9.7 
 
 
Transfer of subsidiary to Parent
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(327.4)
 
 
Increase (Decrease) in total equity and redeemable non-controlling interest in consolidated Funds
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capital contributions (redemptions)
906.1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity-based compensation
8.9 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency translation adjustment
(2.5)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Parent company corporate cost allocation
3.4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net consolidation (deconsolidation) of funds
31.4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Transfer of subsidiary to Parent
(341.8)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tax on gain from transfer of subsidiary to Parent
(3.2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Issuance of ordinary shares
0.1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred tax asset revaluation
4.3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Transfer of value incentive plan share award
1.8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assignment of deferred tax assets and coinvestments
(304.3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IPO costs charged to Parent
(23.1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Repurchase of Affiliate equity
(3.8)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dividends
(212.0)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
(43.8)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at Dec. 31, 2014
2,495.5 
(20.4)
0.1 
31.1 
5.3 
36.5 
 
 
 
2,459.0 
 
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2014
 
 
 
120,000,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at Dec. 31, 2014
2,557.4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at Dec. 31, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
61.9 
 
 
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capital contributions (redemptions)
(1.3)
 
 
 
(1.3)
 
(1.3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity-based compensation
13.0 
 
 
 
13.0 
 
13.0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive income (loss)
 
(6.6)
(1.5)
 
 
 
 
 
(6.6)
(1.5)
 
 
 
Net consolidation (deconsolidation) of funds
(2,459.0)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(2,459.0)
 
Issuance of ordinary shares (in shares)
 
 
 
500,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred tax asset revaluation
9.0 
 
 
 
9.0 
 
9.0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dividends to shareholders
(10.9)
 
 
 
(10.9)
 
(10.9)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dividends to related parties
27.8 
 
 
 
27.8 
 
27.8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
155.5 
 
 
 
155.5 
 
155.5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Increase (Decrease) in redeemable non-controlling interest in consolidated Funds
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net consolidation (deconsolidation) of funds
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(61.9)
 
 
Increase (Decrease) in total equity and redeemable non-controlling interest in consolidated Funds
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capital contributions (redemptions)
(1.3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity-based compensation
13.0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency translation adjustment
(1.5)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net consolidation (deconsolidation) of funds
(2,520.9)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Distributions
(27.8)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred tax asset revaluation
9.0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dividends
(10.9)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Valuation of derivative securities, net of tax
(6.6)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
155.5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at Dec. 31, 2015
165.9 
(6.6)
2.0 
0.1 
168.6 
(2.8)
165.9 
 
 
 
 
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2015
 
 
 
120,500,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at Dec. 31, 2015
165.9 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at Dec. 31, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ 0 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2013
Cash flow from operating activities:
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
$ 155.5 
$ (43.8)
$ (96.5)
Adjustments to reconcile net profit (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities from continuing operations:
 
 
 
Amortization of acquired intangibles
0.1 
0.1 
0.1 
Net earnings from Affiliates accounted for using the equity method
(13.0)
(11.5)
(10.6)
Deferred income taxes
(2.9)
(35.2)
8.3 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities (excluding discontinued operations):
 
 
 
Net cash flows from operating activities of continuing operations
255.7 
179.0 
130.8 
Net cash flows from operating activities of discontinued operations
(2.1)
(24.9)
13.7 
Total net cash flows from operating activities
253.6 
154.1 
144.5 
Cash flow from investing activities:
 
 
 
Net cash flows from investing activities of continuing operations
(155.7)
(6.0)
83.2 
Net cash flows from investing activities of discontinued operations
(7.1)
(181.0)
Total net cash flows from investing activities
(155.7)
(13.1)
(97.8)
Cash flow from financing activities:
 
 
 
Net cash flows from financing activities of continuing operations
(230.6)
(151.3)
(205.6)
Net cash flows from financing activities of discontinued operations
(1.2)
174.1 
Total net cash flows from financing activities
(230.6)
(152.5)
(31.5)
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
(2.1)
(1.6)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
(132.7)
(13.6)
13.6 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
268.6 
282.2 
268.6 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
135.9 
268.6 
282.2 
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
 
 
 
Income taxes paid
9.5 
6.1 
5.5 
Net consolidation (de-consolidation) of Funds
(2,520.9)
31.4 
109.0 
Non-cash capital contribution to Parent
(0.1)
(14.4)
Non-cash contribution from Parent
258.6 
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
 
 
 
Cash flow from operating activities:
 
 
 
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated Funds
0.1 
Adjustments to reconcile net profit (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities from continuing operations:
 
 
 
Net (income) loss from discontinued operations
(0.8)
3.5 
(6.3)
Amortization of acquired intangibles
0.2 
0.1 
0.1 
Depreciation and other amortization
6.9 
6.1 
4.9 
Loss on disposal of property and equipment
0.4 
Amortization and revaluation of non-cash compensation awards
44.4 
103.9 
61.6 
Parent Company Corporate Cost Allocation
3.4 
3.3 
Net earnings from Affiliates accounted for using the equity method
(12.7)
(9.6)
(7.7)
Distributions received from equity method affiliates
8.6 
7.7 
15.3 
Deferred income taxes
(11.1)
(35.3)
10.3 
(Gains) losses on other investments
(2.6)
(3.0)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities (excluding discontinued operations):
 
 
 
(Increase) decrease in investment advisory fees receivable and other amounts due from related parties
12.8 
(26.9)
(22.9)
(Increase) decrease in other receivables, prepayments, deposits and other assets
(1.4)
(28.5)
(3.6)
Increase (Decrease) in Accrued Incentive Compensation, Other Amounts Due to Related Parties, and Other Long Term Liabilities
15.4 
(51.7)
25.8 
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and accruals and accrued income taxes
37.9 
34.7 
9.7 
Net cash flows from operating activities of continuing operations
255.7 
56.9 
113.3 
Cash flow from investing activities:
 
 
 
Purchase of fixed assets, excluding discontinued operations
(13.0)
(7.6)
(9.9)
Contingent payments for affiliate equity
(0.6)
(11.0)
Dispositions of Affiliates
(3.8)
Purchase of investment securities
(67.6)
(8.8)
(15.2)
Sale Of Investment Securities and Other Investment Securities Activity
18.5 
25.5 
15.1 
Cash flow from financing activities:
 
 
 
Proceeds from third party borrowings
174.5 
Repayment of third party borrowings
(87.0)
(13.5)
Repayment of related party borrowings
(37.0)
(37.0)
(90.8)
Payment to parent for deferred tax arrangement
(53.6)
(12.3)
Payment to Parent for co-investment redemptions
(14.3)
Dividends paid to shareholders
(10.9)
Dividends paid to related parties
(27.8)
(175.0)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
175.6 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
135.9 
175.6 
 
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
 
 
 
Interest paid (excluding consolidated Funds)
3.7 
64.4 
72.5 
Consolidated Funds
 
 
 
Cash flow from operating activities:
 
 
 
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated Funds
(95.5)
(122.3)
Adjustments to reconcile net profit (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities from continuing operations:
 
 
 
Net (income) loss from discontinued operations
4.7 
(Gains) losses on other investments
(4.6)
(27.7)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities (excluding discontinued operations):
 
 
 
Depletion
128.4 
142.9 
(Increase) decrease in receivables other assets
24.5 
(52.3)
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and other liabilities
64.6 
76.9 
Net cash flows from operating activities of continuing operations
122.1 
17.5 
Cash flow from investing activities:
 
 
 
Purchase of investment securities
(105.1)
(191.7)
Sale of investment securities
87.5 
333.3 
Change in restricted cash
31.5 
(48.0)
Deconsolidation of funds
(93.0)
(14.2)
(0.4)
Cash flow from financing activities:
 
 
 
Proceeds from third party borrowings
4.1 
Repayment of debt
(4.7)
(30.3)
Non-controlling interest capital redeemed
29.0 
Non-controlling interest capital raised
(25.1)
(91.2)
Redeemable non-controlling interest capital raised
10.7 
Redeemable non-controlling interest capital redeemed
(6.9)
(8.8)
Distributions to non-controlling interests
(77.7)
Distributions to redeemable non-controlling interests
(1.9)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
93.0 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$ 0 
$ 93.0 
 
Organization and Description of the Business
Organization and Description of the Business
OM Asset Management plc ("OMAM" or the "Company"), through its subsidiaries, is a global asset management business with interests in a diverse group of boutique investment management firms (the "Affiliates") individually headquartered in the United States. The Company provides investment management services globally to predominantly institutional investors, in asset classes that include U.S. and global equities, fixed income, real estate and timber. Fees for services are largely asset-based and, as a result, the Company's revenue fluctuates based on the performance of financial markets and investors' asset flows in and out of the Company's products.
The Company's Affiliates are organized as limited liability companies. The Company generally utilizes a profit-sharing model in structuring its compensation and ownership arrangements with Affiliates. The Affiliates' variable compensation is generally based on each firm's profitability. OMAM and Affiliate key employees share in profits after variable compensation according to their respective ownership interests. The profit-sharing model results in the alignment of OMAM and Affiliate key employee economic interests, which is critical to the Company's talent management strategy and long-term growth of the business. The Company operates in one reportable segment.
The Company is a majority-owned subsidiary of Old Mutual plc (the "Parent"), an international long-term savings, protection and investment group, listed on the London Stock Exchange.
Reorganization
Prior to the initial public offering of the Company’s business (the "Offering"), the Company’s U.S. holding company, Old Mutual (US) Holdings Inc. (“OMUSH”) was a subsidiary of OM Group (UK) Limited (“OMGUK”) which was in turn wholly owned by the Parent. The board of directors of the Parent elected to undertake the Offering which was completed on October 15, 2014. The Company and the Parent determined that certain transactions (the “Reorganization”) should be undertaken in preparation for the Offering. Specifically, the pre-Offering restructuring steps described below were completed by the Company and the Parent prior to October 15, 2014:

1.
OMGUK incorporated OMAM in the United Kingdom as a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of OMGUK.
2.
OMAM incorporated OMAM US, Inc. in the State of Delaware ("U.S. Sub") as a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of OMAM.
3.
U.S. Sub incorporated OMAM UK Limited in the United Kingdom ("U.K. Sub") as a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of U.S. Sub.
4.
The Company's existing intercompany debt, which was owed by OMUSH to OMGUK, was refinanced with new intercompany debt.
5.
OMGUK contributed its shares in OMUSH and the new intercompany debt to OMAM in return for an issuance of shares by OMAM resulting in the elimination of existing intercompany debt of $1,003.5 million and the redemption of a $32.2 million intercompany receivable via a capital distribution back to OMGUK, for a net reduction of existing intercompany debt of $971.3 million.
6.
The OMUSH shares were transferred to U.K. Sub via a series of share exchanges, and the new intercompany debt was contributed among OMAM, U.S. Sub and U.K. Sub.
7.
OMAM underwent a reduction of share capital to maximize distributable reserves, re-registered in the United Kingdom as a public limited company, amended its articles of association to reflect the same and organized its share capital for purposes of the Offering.
8.
OMAM declared a $175.0 million pre-Offering dividend to OMGUK. OMAM also issued a non-interest bearing promissory note to OMGUK in the principal amount of $37.0 million which was fully repaid by June 30, 2015.
9.
OMAM entered into arrangements with OMGUK for the payment of future realizable benefits (estimated to total $198.1 million at December 31, 2015) associated with certain deferred tax assets existing as of the date of the Offering, as well as co-investments (with both a carrying value and fair value of $25.2 million at December 31, 2015) made by the Company in real-estate and timber strategies of its Affiliates. In accordance with the deferred tax asset arrangement, in December 2014, OMAM began to make quarterly payments to OMGUK. In the fourth quarter of 2014, OMAM adjusted the balance of the liability to reflect the impact of the 2013 income tax return and also reduced the liability as of the Offering date to reflect a revised estimate of the future realizable benefits as of the Offering date. The liability was adjusted again in the fourth quarter of 2015 to reflect the impact of the 2014 income tax return through October 8, 2014.
10.
The Company made a payment of the $175.0 million pre-Offering dividend to OMGUK, funded by a new third party credit facility entered into at the closing of the Offering; and
11.
OMAM completed the purchase of additional ownership of an Affiliate for $60.0 million in cash, resulting in a reduction of liabilities for the same amount.
Additionally, in the fourth quarter of 2014, the Company recast the components of Shareholders' equity (deficit) to reflect the issuance of 120,000,000 ordinary shares, nominal value $0.001 per share.
Secondary Public Offering

On June 22, 2015, the Company completed a secondary public offering by its Parent of 13,300,000 ordinary shares of the Company pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.  Additionally, the underwriters in the secondary public offering exercised their full overallotment option and purchased an additional 1,995,000 shares of the Company from its Parent.  At December 31, 2015, the Company's Parent owned 65.8% of the Company's outstanding ordinary shares.
Share Repurchase Program
On February 3, 2016, the Company's Board of Directors authorized a $150 million share repurchase program, which was approved by shareholders on March 15, 2016.
Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies
The Company's significant accounting policies are as follows:
Basis of presentation
These Consolidated Financial Statements reflect the historical balance sheets; statements of operations; statements of comprehensive income; statements of changes in shareholders' equity; and statements of cash flows of the Company. On October 15, 2014, the Company completed the Offering by its Parent of 22,000,000 ordinary shares of the Company pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Additionally, the underwriters in the Offering exercised a portion of their overallotment option and purchased an additional 2,231,375 shares of the Company from the Parent. On June 22, 2015, the Company completed a secondary public offering by its Parent of 15,295,000 ordinary shares including the full overallotment option.  At December 31, 2015, the Company's Parent owned 65.8% of the Company's outstanding ordinary shares.
Within these Consolidated Financial Statements, entities that are part of the Parent's consolidated results, but are not part of OMAM, as defined above, are referred to as "related parties." These historical Consolidated Financial Statements prepared prior to the Offering use the Parent's historical basis in determining the assets and liabilities and the results of the Company. The financial information included herein may not reflect the consolidated financial position, operating results, changes in the Parent's equity investment and cash flows of the Company in the future, and does not reflect what they would have been had the Company been a separate, stand-alone entity for the entirety of the periods presented.
The Company historically utilized the services of the Parent for certain functions. These services included providing working capital, as well as certain finance, internal audit, insurance, human resources, investor relations, risk, governance and other corporate functions and projects. The cost of these services was allocated to the Company and included in the Consolidated Financial Statements. The allocations were determined on the basis which the Parent and the Company considered to be reasonable reflections of the utilization of services provided by the Parent. Subsequent to the Offering, the Company assumed responsibility for the costs of these functions.
The Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("U.S. GAAP"). All dollar amounts, except per share data in the text and tables herein, are stated in millions unless otherwise indicated. Transactions between the Company and the Parent are included in the Consolidated Financial Statements, however material intercompany balances and transactions among the Company, its consolidated Affiliates and consolidated Funds are eliminated in consolidation.
Consolidation
Affiliates
The Company evaluates each of its Affiliate and other operating entities to determine the appropriate method of accounting. Generally, majority-owned entities or otherwise controlled investments in which the Company holds a controlling financial interest as the principal shareholder, managing member, or general partner are consolidated.
Funds
In evaluating whether or not a legal entity must be consolidated, the Company determines if such entity is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) or a voting interest entity (“VOE”). A VOE is considered an entity in which (i) the total equity investment at risk is sufficient to enable the entity to finance its activities independently and (ii) the equity holders at risk have the obligation to absorb losses, the right to receive residual returns, and the right to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance. A VIE is an entity that lacks one or more of the characteristics of a VOE. Assessing whether an entity is a VIE or VOE involves judgment and analysis. Factors considered in this assessment include the entity’s legal organization, the entity’s capital structure and equity ownership and any related party or de facto agent implications of the Company’s involvement with the entity. Investments that are determined to be VIEs are consolidated if the Company or a consolidated Affiliate is the primary beneficiary of the investment. VOEs are typically consolidated if the Company holds the majority voting interest or otherwise controls the entity.
In the normal course of business, the Company’s Affiliates sponsor and manage certain investment vehicles (the “Funds”). The Company assesses consolidation requirements with respect to its Funds pursuant to Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 810, Consolidation, as amended by Accounting Standards Update 2015-02, Consolidation: Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis ("ASU 2015-02") relating to the consolidation of VIEs.
Prior to the adoption of ASU 2015-02, substantially all of the Funds managed by the Company qualified for the deferral granted under ASU 2010-10, "Amendments for Certain Investment Funds". As such, the Company evaluated these Funds for consolidation pursuant to former guidance in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Interpretation No. 46(R), Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities. These Funds have typically been owned entirely by third-party investors, however certain Funds are capitalized with seed capital investments from the Company or its related parties and may be owned partially by Affiliate key employees and/or individuals that own minority interests in an Affiliate.
In adopting ASU 2015-02, the Company re-evaluated all of its Affiliates' Funds for consolidation. All Funds consolidated prior to January 1, 2015 pursuant to consolidation guidance superseded by ASU 2015-02 were de-consolidated as of January 1, 2015. The Company elected to implement ASU 2015-02 using the modified retrospective method, which resulted in an effective date of adoption of January 1, 2015 and did not require the restatement of prior period results.
In evaluating whether the Company is the primary beneficiary, the Company evaluates its economic interests in the entity held either directly by the Company or indirectly through related parties. For VIEs that are investment companies subject to ASU 2010-10, the primary beneficiary of the VIE is generally the variable interest holder that absorbs a majority of the expected losses of the VIE, receives a majority of the expected residual returns of the VIE, or both. The Company generally is not the primary beneficiary of Fund VIEs created to manage assets for clients unless the Company’s ownership interest, including interests of related parties, is substantial.
The primary beneficiary of a VIE is defined as the variable interest holder that has a controlling financial interest. A controlling financial interest is defined as (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impacts its economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the entity or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. If no single party satisfies both criteria, but the Company and its related parties satisfy the criteria on a combined basis, then the primary beneficiary is the entity out of the related party group that is most closely associated to the VIE. The consolidation analysis can generally be performed qualitatively, however, if it is not readily apparent that the Company is not the primary beneficiary, a quantitative analysis may also be performed.
The Company consolidates VOEs when it has control over significant operating, financial and investing decisions of the entity or holds the majority voting interest. For VOEs organized as limited partnerships or as an entity with governance structures similar to a limited partnership (e.g., limited liability company with a managing member), the Company consolidates an entity when it holds the controlling general partnership interest and the limited partners do not hold substantive participating rights or rights to remove and replace the general partner or rights that could provide the limited partners with the ability to impact the ongoing governance and operating activities of the entity.
Other than Funds holding investments in timber assets (the “Timber Funds”), the Company’s consolidated Funds are investment companies (the “Investment Funds”) and the Company has therefore retained their specialized investment company accounting in consolidation, pursuant to ASC 946, “Financial Services—Investment Companies.”
Upon the occurrence of certain events (such as contributions and redemptions, either by the Company, its Affiliates, or third parties, or amendments to the governing documents of the Company’s investees or sponsored Funds) management reviews and reconsiders its previous conclusion regarding the status of an entity as a VIE or a VOE. Additionally, management continually reconsiders whether the Company is deemed to be a VIE’s primary beneficiary who consolidates such entity. As of December 31, 2015, there were no Funds which were consolidated pursuant to ASU 2015-02.
Timber Funds
Timber assets and timber lease rights of consolidated Timber Funds are stated at historical cost less depletion for timber previously harvested and less accumulated amortization and depreciation for lease rights and roads. Timber investment values are adjusted for capital additions made to the property subsequent to the valuation date. All initial silviculture costs, including site preparation and planting costs are capitalized as stand establishment costs. Stand establishment costs are transferred to a merchantable timber classification as trees reach a certain size. Generally, costs incurred subsequent to two years after planting, such as fertilization, vegetation, insect control and pre-commercial thinning are considered to be maintenance and are expensed as incurred.
The Company estimates its timber inventory using statistical information and data obtained from physical measurements, site maps, photo-types and other information gathering techniques. These estimates are updated annually and may result in adjustments of timber volumes, including timber growth rates and depletion rates.
Depletion consists of costs attributed to harvesting timber and is recorded as an expense as timber is harvested. The depletion rate applied to the volume of timber sold is adjusted annually and is based on the relationship of incurred costs in the merchantable timber classification to estimated current merchantable volume.
Prior to the adoption of ASU 2015-02, the Company's Timber Funds did not qualify for the deferral under ASU 2010-10. Following the adoption of ASU 2015-02, Timber Funds and Investment Funds are evaluated pursuant to the same revised consolidation guidance. All of the Company's Timber Funds that were previously consolidated were de-consolidated on January 1, 2015 upon the adoption of ASU 2015-02 utilizing the modified retrospective method.
Derivatives and Hedging
The Company may utilize derivative financial instruments to hedge the risk of movement of interest rates and foreign currency on financial assets and liabilities. These derivative financial instruments may or may not qualify as hedges for accounting purposes. The Company records all derivative financial instruments as either assets or liabilities on its Consolidated Balance Sheets and measures these instruments at fair value. For a derivative financial instrument that qualifies as a hedge for accounting purposes and is designated as a hedging instrument, the effective portion of the derivative’s gain or loss is initially reported as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) and subsequently reclassified into earnings over the life of the hedge. The ineffective portion of the gain or loss is reported in earnings immediately.
Use of estimates
The preparation of these Consolidated Financial Statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.
Operating segment
The Company operates in one operating segment that provides investment management services and products primarily to institutional clients. Although the Company does make certain disclosures regarding assets under management by product and affiliate, the Company's determination that it operates one business segment is based on the fact that the Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") reviews the Company's financial performance on an aggregate level.
Cash and cash equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments, including money market mutual funds, with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are stated at cost, which approximates market value due to the short-term maturity of these investments. Cash held by consolidated Funds is not available to fund general liquidity needs of the Company.
Restricted cash in Timber Funds consists primarily of deposits in time deposit accounts, earning interest at LIBOR + a margin, which are restricted to payment of certain notes payable of consolidated Funds of the Company (also see Note 13). Restricted cash of the consolidated Timber Funds may only be drawn upon to meet debt service payments (corrective coverage payments) or to pay certain Fund operating expenses through December 31, 2014. During the period thereafter, the restricted reserve balance may only be drawn upon for principal payments.
Fair value measurements
In accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurement" ("ASC 820"), fair value is the price that the Company expects to be paid upon the sale of an asset or expects to pay upon the transfer of a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. Pursuant to ASC 820, there is a three-level hierarchy for fair value measurements based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability. Inputs may be observable or unobservable and refer broadly to the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Observable inputs reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from independent sources. Unobservable inputs reflect the Company's own conclusions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best information available in the circumstances. Each investment is assigned a level based upon the observability of the inputs which are significant to the overall valuation. Assets and liabilities measured and reported at fair value are classified and disclosed in one of the following categories:
Level I—Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical investments as of the reporting date. The type of investments included in Level I include listed equities and listed derivatives. As required by U.S. GAAP, the Company does not adjust the quoted price for these investments.
Level II—Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date, and fair value is determined through the use of models or other valuation methodologies utilizing observable market inputs other than quoted prices. Investments which are generally included in this category include corporate bonds and loans, less liquid and restricted equity securities and certain over-the-counter derivatives.
Level III—Pricing inputs are unobservable for the asset or liability and include assets and liabilities where there is little, if any, market activity for the investment. The inputs into the determination of fair value require significant management judgment or estimation. Investments that are included in this category generally include general and limited partner interests in corporate private equity, real estate funds, and funds of hedge funds.
In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, an investment's level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company's assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the investment. The Company has adopted the provisions of Accounting Standards Update 2015-07, "Fair Value Measurement" ("ASU 2015-07") where, in cases in which the fair value of an investment is established using the net asset value (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient, the investment will no longer be categorized within the fair value hierarchy.
Investments and Investment Transactions
Valuation of investments held at fair value
Valuation of Fund investments is evaluated pursuant to the fair value methodology discussed above. The Company's discretionary investments are categorized as trading and held at estimated fair value. Realized and unrealized gains and losses arising from changes in fair value of discretionary investments are reported within investment income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. See Note 4 for a summary of the fair value inputs utilized to determine the fair value of other discretionary investments held at fair value.
Security transactions
The Investment Funds generally record securities transactions on a trade-date basis. Realized gains and losses on securities transactions are generally determined on the average-cost method (net of foreign capital gain taxes) and for certain transactions determined based on the specific identification method.
Income and expense recognition
The Investment Funds record interest income on an accrual basis and include amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts. Dividend income and expense on dividends sold short are recorded on the ex-dividend date, net of applicable withholding taxes. Expenses are recorded on an accrual basis.
Foreign currency translation
The books and records of the Company and its Affiliates are maintained in U.S. dollars. Except for one Timber Fund in Australia consolidated prior to 2015, the books and records of consolidated Funds are maintained in U.S. dollars. Investment securities and other assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency are translated into U.S. dollars on the date of valuation. Income and expense transactions denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars using the average exchange rate over the period presented. The portion of realized or unrealized gains and losses resulting from changes in foreign exchange rates and from fluctuations arising from changes in the market prices of the underlying securities are included in the net realized and unrealized gain and loss on investments on the consolidated statement of operations. Net realized and unrealized gains and losses on foreign currency transactions represent net foreign exchange gains or losses from forward foreign currency exchange contracts, disposition of foreign currencies, currency gains or losses between the trade and settlement date on security transactions, and the difference between the amount of the investment income and foreign withholding taxes recorded on the Funds' books and the U.S. dollar equivalent amounts actually received or paid.
Short sales
Certain Investment Funds may sell a security they do not own in anticipation of a decline in the fair value of that security. When a Fund sells a security short, it must borrow the security sold short and deliver it to the broker-dealer through which it made the short sale. The short sales are secured by the long portfolio and available cash. The Fund records a gain, limited to the price at which the Fund sold the security short, or a loss, unlimited in size, upon the termination of a short sale. The amount of the gain or loss will be equal to the proceeds received in entering into the short sale less the cost of buying back the short security to close the short position. While the transaction is open, the Fund will incur an expense for any accrued dividends or interest which is paid to the lender of the securities. These short sales may involve a level of risk in excess of the liability recognized in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. The extent of such risk cannot be quantified.
Funds' Derivatives
Certain Funds use derivative instruments. However, there is minimal risk to the Company in relation to the derivative assets and liabilities of the Funds in excess of its investment in the respective Funds holding the investment. The Funds' derivative instruments include foreign currency exchange contracts, credit default swaps, interest rate swaps, financial futures contracts and warrants. The fair values of derivative instruments are recorded as other assets of consolidated Funds or other liabilities of consolidated Funds on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company has used foreign exchange forwards to hedge the risk of movement in exchange rates on financial assets on a limited basis.
The Company's Funds have not designated any financial instruments for hedge accounting, as defined in the accounting literature, during the periods presented. The gains or losses on Fund's derivative instruments not designated for hedge accounting are included as net consolidated Funds gains or losses in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Equity method investments
The Company uses the equity method of accounting for investments that provide the Company with the ability to exercise significant influence over an entity, but that do not meet the requirements for consolidation. Equity method investments include two Affiliates, Heitman LLC and Investment Counselors of Maryland, LLC as well as all unconsolidated Funds over which the Company exercises significant influence. The Company's share of earnings (losses) from equity method investments is included in investment income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The carrying amounts of equity method investments are reflected in Investments in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company evaluates its equity method investments for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of such investments may not be recoverable. The difference between the carrying value and its estimated fair value is recognized as impairment when the loss is deemed other than temporary. Other investments, in which OMAM or an Affiliate do not exercise significant influence are accounted for under the cost method. Under the cost method, income is recognized as dividends are declared.
Revenue recognition
The Company's consolidated revenue primarily represents management fees billed monthly, quarterly and annually by Affiliates for managing the assets of clients. Asset-based management fees are recognized monthly as services are rendered and are primarily based upon a percentage of the market value of client assets managed. Affiliates that manage tangible property may also earn transaction fees at the time the underlying property is bought and sold. Any fees collected in advance are deferred and recognized as income over the period earned. Dividend income received by Investment Funds is recorded on the ex-dividend date. Performance fees are generally assessed as a percentage of the investment performance realized on a client's account. Performance fees, including those that are subject to clawback are recognized when they (i) become billable to customers (based on contractual terms of agreements), (ii) are not subject to contingent repayment and (iii) when collection is reasonably assured. Other income and revenues include interest income on cash and cash equivalents of Investment Funds and the Company's share of earnings from joint venture partners.
Timber Funds' revenue is recognized from log and fiber sales upon delivery to the customer. The Company is typically responsible for all logging and hauling costs. However, under pay-as-cut timber contracts, title and risk of loss from stumpage sales transfer to the buyer as the trees are cut. Revenue is recognized as timber is harvested. The buyer is typically responsible for all logging and hauling costs.
Investment advisory fees receivable
The Company earns management and performance fees which are billed monthly, quarterly and annually in arrears, according to the terms of the relevant investment management agreement. Management and performance fees that have been earned, but have not yet been collected are presented as Investment advisory fees receivable on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Due to the short-term nature and liquidity of these receivables, the carrying amounts approximate their fair values. The Company typically does not record an allowance for doubtful accounts or bad debt expense, or any amounts recorded have been immaterial.
Allocated Costs from the Parent
The Company's Parent provides the Company with various services, including governance through the board of directors and executive committees, investor relations, procurement of insurance coverage, human resources, financial reporting, internal audit, treasury, systems, risk and tax services. Some of these services are directly attributable to the Company and some are of a more general nature. The costs associated with the services which are (i) directly attributable to the Company, (ii) have been charged directly to the Company by the Company's Parent, and (iii) have been paid to the Company's Parent by the Company have been reflected in the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements. During the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the amount of expenses charged directly to the Company from the Company's Parent were $1.8 million, $2.1 million and $2.0 million, respectively.
With respect to the above services and benefits which are not directly attributable to the Company, costs were allocated to the Company and included in the Consolidated Financial Statements, based generally on the Company's proportion of the total Parent's consolidated, normalized revenues. Subsequent to the Offering (see Note 1), these general costs are no longer allocated and if required are borne directly by the Company. During the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, costs allocated to the Company from Parent were $0.0 million, $3.4 million and $3.3 million, respectively.
These cost allocations were determined using a method that the Parent and the Company considered reasonably reflected the costs of such services attributable to the Company provided by the Parent. The Company believes the assumptions and allocations underlying the Consolidated Financial Statements are reasonable and the allocated amounts are representative of the amounts that would have been recorded in the Consolidated Financial Statements had the Company operated independent of the Parent for the historical periods presented prior to the Offering. A more detailed discussion of the relationship with the Parent, including a description of the costs that have been allocated to the Company, as well as the allocation methods, is included in Note 10, "Related Party Transactions."
Property and equipment
Property and equipment are recorded at historical cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over its estimated useful lives. The estimated useful lives of office equipment and furniture and fixtures range from three to five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the remaining term of the lease. Computer software developed or obtained for internal use is amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the software, which is generally three years or less. The costs of improvements that extend the life of a fixed asset are capitalized, while the costs of repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred.
Intangible assets
Acquired Affiliates have identifiable intangible assets arising from contractual or other legal rights with their clients. In determining the value of acquired intangibles, the Company analyzes the net present value of each acquired Affiliate's existing client relationships based on a number of factors. The Company analyzes the Affiliate's historical and potential future operating performance, the Affiliate's historical and potential future rates of attrition among existing clients, the stability and longevity of existing client relationships, the Affiliate's recent and long-term investment performance, the characteristics of the firm's products and investment styles, the stability and depth of the Affiliate's management team and the Affiliate's history and perceived franchise or brand value. The Company's acquired intangible assets are predominately definite-life intangible assets and are generally amortized on a straight line basis over their estimated useful lives, ranging from five to sixteen years, reflecting the expected duration of such relationships. The Company does not hold any indefinite-life intangible assets other than goodwill.
The Company tests for the possible impairment of acquired intangibles whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset is not recoverable. If such indicators exist, the Company compares the undiscounted cash flows related to the asset to the carrying value of the asset. If the carrying value is greater than the undiscounted cash flow amount, an impairment charge is recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for amounts necessary to reduce the carrying value of the asset to fair value. Intangible assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of carrying value or fair value less cost to sell.
Goodwill
The Company records goodwill when the consideration paid in a business acquisition exceeds the fair value of the net total of tangible assets acquired, identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Goodwill is not amortized, but rather is tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events or circumstances occur that indicate impairment may exist. Factors that could trigger an impairment review include significant underperformance relative to historical or projected future operating results, significant changes in the Company's use of the acquired assets in a business combination or the strategy for the Company's overall business, and significant negative industry or economic trends.
The Company performs its assessment for impairment of goodwill during the fourth quarter annually as of September 30, or as necessary, and the Company has determined that it has five reporting units, consisting of the five consolidated Affiliates. The Company first considers various qualitative factors to determine if it is more likely than not that the fair value of each of the reporting units is greater than its respective carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value of any reporting unit declines below its respective carrying amount, therefore indicating that impairment may exist, the impact would be determined at that point. For purposes of assessing potential impairment, the fair value of the reporting unit is estimated and compared to the carrying value of the reporting unit. The fair value of a reporting unit is based on discounted estimated future cash flows. The assumptions used to estimate fair value include management's estimates of future growth rates, operating cash flows, discount rates and terminal value. These assumptions and estimates can change in future periods based on market movement and factors impacting the expected business performance. Changes in assumptions or estimates could materially affect the determination of the fair value of a reporting unit. If it is determined that the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the Company determines the implied fair value of the goodwill in the same manner used to determine the amount of goodwill in a business combination. If the carrying value of goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of the goodwill, an impairment charge is recognized in the amount equal to that excess. Based on the Company's most recent annual goodwill impairment test, the fair value of all its reporting units were in excess of their carrying value.
Leases
The Company and its Affiliates currently lease office space and equipment under various leasing arrangements, classified as operating leases. Some lease agreements contain renewal options, rent escalation clauses or other inducements provided by the landlord. Rent expense is accrued to recognize lease escalation provisions and inducements provided by the landlord, if any, on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Earnings per share
The Company calculates basic and diluted earnings per share ("EPS") by dividing net income for the year ended December 31, 2015 by its shares outstanding as outlined below. For 2014 and periods prior to the Offering (described in Note 1), the Company is calculating pro forma basic and fully diluted EPS based upon 120 million pro forma shares, the number of shares outstanding following the Reorganization described in Note 1.
Basic EPS attributable to the Company's common shareholders is calculated by dividing "Net income attributable to controlling interests" by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding. Diluted EPS is similar to basic EPS, but adjusts for the effect of potential common shares unless they are antidilutive. For periods with a net loss, potential common shares are considered antidilutive.
The Company considers two ways to measure dilution to earnings per share: (a) calculate the net number of shares that would be issued assuming any related proceeds are used to buy back outstanding shares (the treasury stock method), or (b) assume the gross number of shares are issued and calculate any related effects on net income available for shareholders (the if-converted or two-class method). As appropriate, the Company's policy is to apply the more dilutive methodology upon issuance of such instruments.
Compensation arrangements
The Company operates short term variable compensation arrangements where generally, a percentage of each Affiliate's annual pre-variable compensation earnings, as defined in each arrangement, is allocated to a "pool" of each respective Affiliate's key employees, and subsequently distributed to individuals subject to recommendation and approval of a Remuneration Committee comprised of both the Company's and each respective Affiliate's management. Variable compensation expense is accrued and recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as services are provided by individual employees. Variable compensation allocated to the "pools" of Affiliate key employees under the terms of the plans, where distribution has not yet been approved by the Remuneration Committee, is not recognized until the required service has been performed and the award is communicated to the individual.
The Company operates longer term profit-interest plans whereby certain Affiliate key employees are granted (or have a right to purchase) awards representing a profits interest in their respective Affiliate, as distinct from an equity interest due to the lack of pari passu voting rights. Under these plans, the Company may award a portion of the aforementioned variable compensation arrangement through issuance of a profits interest in the Affiliate. The awards generally have a three to five year vesting period from the grant date, and the service period begins at the commencement of the financial period to which the variable compensation relates. Under these plans, Affiliate key employees are eligible to share in the profits of their respective Affiliates based on their respective percentage interest held.
In addition, under certain circumstances, Affiliate key employees are eligible to receive a series of repurchase payments upon exiting the plans based on a multiple of the last twelve months profits of their respective Affiliate, as defined. Profits allocated and movements in the potential repurchase value, determined based on a fixed multiple times trailing twelve month profits, as defined, are recognized as compensation expense. Profit interests compensation liabilities are re-measured at each reporting date at the current trailing twelve month earnings multiple, with movements treated as compensation expense in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Share-based compensation plans
The Company recognizes the cost of all share-based payments to directors, senior management and employees, including grants of restricted stock and stock options of its Parent and its Affiliates, as compensation expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations over the respective vesting periods.
Awards made previously under the Parent's restricted stock and stock options plans are accounted for as equity settled, and the grant date fair value is recognized as compensation expense over the requisite service period, with a corresponding contribution to capital recorded. Options granted are measured at fair value using a standard option pricing valuation model. The valuation is consistent with generally accepted valuation methodologies for pricing financial instruments and incorporates all factors and assumptions that knowledgeable, willing market participants would consider in setting the price of the options.
In connection with the Offering, certain unvested restricted shares of the Parent were exchanged for unvested restricted shares of the Company. Awards made under the Company's equity plans are accounted for as equity settled, and the grant date fair value is recognized as compensation expense over the requisite service period, with a corresponding contribution to capital recorded. Valuation of restricted stock awards ("RSAs") and restricted stock units ("RSUs") is determined based on the Company's closing share price as quoted on the New York Stock Exchange on the measurement date. For performance-based RSUs, a Monte-Carlo simulation model is used to determine the fair value. Key inputs for the model include: expected dividend yield, risk-free interest rate and expected volatility.
Awards of equity made to Affiliate key employees are accounted for as cash settled, with the fair value recognized as compensation expense over the requisite service period, with a corresponding liability carried within other long term liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet until the award is settled by the Company. The fair value of the liability is based on the expected cash to be paid, as determined according to trailing twelve months earnings multiples prescribed by each arrangement. The liability is revalued at each reporting period, with any movements recorded within compensation expense.
Deferred financing costs
The Company capitalizes certain legal, accounting and other third-party fees that are directly associated with in-process equity financings as other assets until such financings are consummated. After consummation of the equity financing, these costs are recorded in total equity as a reduction of Shareholders' equity generated as a result of the offering. At the time in which the equity financing is no longer considered probable of being consummated, the deferred financing costs are expensed immediately as a charge to operating expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. Costs associated with an unconsummated transaction amounted to $0.0 million, $0.0 million, and $0.4 million expensed in the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
Income taxes
The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes on a "separate return" basis. Under this method, a subsidiary is assumed to file a separate return with the taxing authority, thereby reporting its taxable income or loss and paying the applicable tax to or receiving the appropriate refund from the parent. The rules followed by the subsidiary in computing its tax or refund should be the same as those followed by a taxpayer filing directly with the taxing authority.
The Company files tax returns directly with the U.K., U.S. and state tax authorities and therefore, the computations under the separate return method follow the Company's filings.
Deferred income taxes are recognized for the effects of temporary differences between the tax basis of an asset or liability and its reported amount in the Consolidated Financial Statements. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company's deferred tax assets have been attributable to federal and state loss carry forwards, interest deductions, and accrued liabilities.
Deferred income tax assets are subject to a valuation allowance if, in management's opinion, it is not more-likely-than-not that these benefits will be realized. In evaluating the Company's ability to recover its deferred tax assets, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence including its past operating results, the existence of cumulative earnings or losses in the most recent years and its forecast of future taxable income. In estimating future taxable income, the Company develops assumptions including the amount of future pre-tax operating income and the reversal of temporary differences. These assumptions require significant judgment about the forecasts of future taxable income and are consistent with the plans and estimates the Company is using to manage the underlying businesses.
A tax benefit should only be recognized if it is more-likely-than-not that the position will be sustained based on its technical merits. The Company recognizes the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after considering the probability that a tax authority would uphold the position in an examination. For tax positions meeting a "more-likely-than-not" threshold, the amount recognized in the financial statements is the largest amount of benefit greater than 50% likely of being sustained. The more-likely-than-not threshold must continue to be met in each reporting period to support continued recognition of the benefit. Unrecognized tax benefits and related interest and penalties, are adjusted periodically to reflect changing facts and circumstances. The Company's accounting policy is to classify interest and related charges as a component of income tax expense.
Non-controlling interests
Non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds on the Consolidated Balance Sheets include undistributed income owned by the investors in the respective Funds. The Company's consolidated net income on the Consolidated Statements of Operations includes the income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest holders of these consolidated entities. Ownership interests held by Affiliate key employees are categorized as liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are revalued each reporting date, with movements treated as compensation expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Redeemable non-controlling interests
The Company includes redeemable non-controlling interests related to certain consolidated Funds as temporary equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Non-controlling interests in certain consolidated Funds are subject to monthly or quarterly redemption by the investors. When redeemable amounts become legally payable to investors, they are classified as a liability and included in other liabilities of consolidated Funds on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Other comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances, excluding those resulting from investments by and distributions to owners. For the Company's purposes, comprehensive income (loss) represents net income (loss), as presented in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations, adjusted for net foreign currency translation adjustments and adjustments to the valuation of certain derivative securities, net of tax.
Restructuring costs
A liability for restructuring is recognized only after management has developed a formal plan, approved by the Board of Directors, to which it has committed. The costs included in a restructuring liability are those costs that are either incremental or incurred as a direct result of the plan, or are the result of a continuing contractual obligation with no continuing economic benefit to the Company, or a penalty incurred to cancel the contractual obligation. Refer to Note 22 for details of the Company's restructuring activities.
Recent accounting developments
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-9, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. ASU 2014-9 modifies existing U.S. GAAP revenue recognition standards to more closely align with international accounting standards. Additionally, the guidance requires improved disclosures around the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue recognized. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14 which delayed the mandatory adoption date of ASU 2014-9 by one year. ASU 2014-9, as amended, will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, however companies may elect to adopt as of an annual reporting period beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company is evaluating the impact of ASU 2014-9, however it does not expect it to have a significant impact on how the Company recognizes its revenues in its Consolidated Financial Statements.
Investments
Investments
Investments are comprised of the following at December 31 (in millions):
 
2015
 
2014
Investments by consolidated Funds in related, unconsolidated master Funds
$

 
$
23.6

Other investments of consolidated Funds attributable to non-controlling interests

 
37.0

Investments of consolidated Funds attributable to non-controlling interests held at fair value

 
60.6

Equity-accounted investments in unconsolidated Funds (Note 6)
30.1

 
34.5

Investments related to voluntary deferred compensation plans held at fair value
66.9

 
59.7

Total investments held at fair value
97.0

 
154.8

Equity-accounted investments in Affiliates (Note 6)
54.0

 
50.5

Equity-accounted investments in unconsolidated Funds, at cost (Note 6)

 
0.5

Investments in joint ventures

 
2.4

Other investments*
51.6

 
1.7

Total investments per Consolidated Balance Sheet
$
202.6

 
$
209.9


Investment income is comprised of the following for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Investment return of equity-accounted investments in unconsolidated Funds (Note 6)
$
0.3

 
$
1.9

 
$
2.9

Realized and unrealized gains/losses on other discretionary investments held at fair value

 
0.7

 
0.1

Total investment return on OMAM products
0.3

 
2.6

 
3.0

Investment return of equity-accounted investments in Affiliates (Note 6)
12.7

 
9.6

 
7.7

Total investment income per Consolidated Statement of Operations
$
13.0

 
$
12.2

 
$
10.7


* Other investments represent cost-basis investments made by one of our Affiliates.
Fair Value Measurements
Fair Value Measurements
The following table summarizes the Company's assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2015 (in millions):
 
Quoted prices
in active
markets
(Level I)
 
Significant
other
observable
inputs
(Level II)
 
Significant
unobservable
inputs
(Level III)
 
Uncategorized
 
Total value,
December 31,
2015
Assets of OMAM(1)
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 

Investment securities(2)
66.9

 

 

 

 
66.9

Investments in unconsolidated Funds(3)

 

 

 
30.1

 
30.1

Total fair value assets
$
66.9

 
$

 
$

 
$
30.1

 
$
97.0

Liabilities of OMAM(1)
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 

Derivative securities
$

 
$
(8.8
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
(8.8
)
Total fair value liabilities
$

 
$
(8.8
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
(8.8
)

On January 1, 2015, in conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2015-02, the Company de-consolidated all Funds that had been consolidated as of December 31, 2014.
The following table summarizes the Company's assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2014 (in millions):
 
Quoted prices
in active
markets
(Level I)
 
Significant
other
observable
inputs
(Level II)
 
Significant
unobservable
inputs
(Level III)
 
Uncategorized
 
Total value,
December 31,
2014
Assets of OMAM and
consolidated Funds(1)
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 

Investments owned, at fair value
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 

Common and preferred stock
$
24.8

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
24.8

Short-term investment funds
0.1

 

 

 

 
0.1

Fixed income securities
1.1

 

 

 

 
1.1

Collective investment funds

 

 

 
32.5

 
32.5

Other investments
0.3

 
1.8

 

 

 
2.1

Total investments at fair value
26.3

 
1.8

 

 
32.5

 
60.6

Restricted cash held at fair value
104.5

 

 

 

 
104.5

Consolidated Funds Total
130.8

 
1.8

 

 
32.5

 
165.1

Investment securities(2)
59.7

 

 

 

 
59.7

Investments in unconsolidated Funds(3)

 

 

 
34.5

 
34.5

OMAM Total
59.7

 

 

 
34.5

 
94.2

Total fair value assets
$
190.5

 
$
1.8

 
$

 
$
67.0

 
$
259.3

Liabilities of consolidated Funds(1)
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 

Common stock
$
(16.4
)
 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
(16.4
)
Total fair value liabilities
$
(16.4
)
 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
(16.4
)
 
 
(1)
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are comprised of financial investments managed by the Company's Affiliates. $0.0 million in assets and $0.0 million in liabilities at December 31, 2015 and $60.6 million in assets and $16.4 million in liabilities at December 31, 2014 are the result of the consolidation of Funds sponsored by the Company's Affiliates.
Of these, pursuant to ASU 2015-07, collective investment funds are multi-strategy products, uncategorized because they are redeemable monthly and valued at net asset value per share of the fund without adjustment which the Company believes represents the fair value of the investments.
The fair value of other investments is estimated based on quoted market prices, dealer quotations or alternative pricing sources supported by observable inputs and therefore classified within Level II. The Company obtains prices from independent pricing services that may utilize broker quotes, but generally the independent pricing services will use various other pricing techniques which take into account appropriate factors such as yield, quality, coupon rate, maturity, type of issue, trading characteristics and other data. The Company has not made adjustments to the prices provided. If the pricing services are only able to (a) obtain a single broker quote or (b) utilize a pricing model, such securities are classified as Level III. If the pricing services are unable to provide prices, the Company attempts to obtain one or more broker quotes directly from a dealer or values such securities at the last bid price obtained. In either case, such securities are classified as Level III. The Company performs due diligence procedures over third party pricing vendors to understand their methodology and controls to support their use in the valuation process to ensure compliance with required accounting disclosures.
Equity, short-term investment funds and derivatives which are traded on a national securities exchange are stated at the last reported sales price on the day of valuation. To the extent these securities are actively traded and valuation adjustments are not applied, they are classified as Level I. These securities that trade in markets that are not considered to be active but are valued based on quoted market prices, dealer quotations or alternative pricing sources supported by observable inputs obtained by the Company from independent pricing services are classified as Level II.
(2)
Investment securities of $66.9 million and $59.7 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, are investments in publicly registered daily redeemable funds (some managed by Affiliates), which the Company has classified as trading securities and valued using the published price as of the measurement dates. Accordingly, the Company has classified these investments as Level I.
(3)
The $30.1 million and $34.5 million at December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively, relate to investments in unconsolidated Funds which consist primarily of investments in Funds advised by Affiliates and are valued using NAV which the Company relies on to determine their fair value as a practical expedient. The Company has not classified these investments in the fair value hierarchy in accordance with ASU 2015-07. The fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to amounts presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. These unconsolidated Funds consist primarily of real estate investments funds.The NAVs that have been provided by investees have been derived from the fair values of the underlying investments as of the measurement dates.
These investments are subject to longer than monthly or quarterly redemption restrictions, and due to their nature, distributions are received only as cash flows are generated from underlying assets over the life of the Funds. The range of time over which the underlying assets are expected to be liquidated by the investees is approximately one to eight years from December 31, 2015. The valuation process for the underlying real estate investments held by the real estate investments Funds begins with each property or loan being valued by the investment teams. The valuations are then reviewed and approved by the valuation committee, which consists of senior members of the portfolio management, acquisitions, and research teams. For certain properties and loans, the valuation process may also include a valuation by independent appraisers. In connection with this process, changes in fair-value measurements from period to period are evaluated for reasonableness, considering items such as market rents, capitalization and discount rates, and general economic and market conditions.
There were no significant transfers of financial assets or liabilities among Levels I, II or III during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014.
Variable Interest Entities
Variable Interest Entities
The Company sponsors the formation of various entities considered to be VIEs. The Company consolidates these entities pursuant to ASC Topic 810 relating to the consolidation of VIEs. These VIEs are primarily Funds managed by Affiliates that are typically owned entirely by third-party investors, however, certain Funds are capitalized with seed capital investments from the Company and its related parties and may be owned partially by Affiliate key employees and/or individuals that own minority interests in an Affiliate.
The Company's determination of whether it is the primary beneficiary of a Fund that is a VIE is based in part on an assessment of whether or not the Company and its related parties are exposed to the majority of the risks and rewards of the entity. Typically the Fund's investors are entitled to substantially all of the economics of these VIEs with the exception of the management fees and performance fees, if any, earned by the Company or any investment the Company has made into the Funds. The Company generally is not the primary beneficiary of Fund VIEs created to manage assets for clients unless the Company's ownership interest, including interests of related parties, is substantial.
The following table presents the assets and liabilities of Funds that are VIEs and consolidated by the Company at December 31 (in millions):
 
2015
 
2014
Assets
 

 
 

Investments at fair value
$

 
$
5.9

Restricted cash

 
2,487.7

Timber assets

 
4,053.2

Other assets of consolidated Funds

 
165.0

Total Assets
$

 
$
6,711.8

Liabilities
 

 
 

Borrowings
$

 
$
4,095.9

Other liabilities of consolidated Funds

 
150.8

Total Liabilities
$

 
$
4,246.7


"Investments at fair value" consist of investments in securities and investments in related parties.
On January 1, 2015, in conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2015-02, the Company de-consolidated all Funds that had been consolidated as of December 31, 2014.
The assets of consolidated VIEs presented in the table above belong to the investors in those Funds, are available for use only by the Fund to which they belong, and are not available for use by the Company. Any debt or liabilities held by consolidated Funds have no recourse to the Company's general credit. The Company has also consolidated Funds that are not VIEs, and therefore the assets and liabilities of those Funds are not included in the table above.
The Company's involvement with Funds that are VIEs and unconsolidated by the Company is generally limited to that of an investment manager and its investment in the unconsolidated VIE, if any. The Company's investment in any unconsolidated VIE generally represents an insignificant interest of the Fund's net assets, such that the majority of the VIE's results are attributable to third parties. The Company's exposure to risk in these entities is generally limited to any capital contribution it has made or is required to make and any earned but uncollected management fees. The Company has not issued any investment performance guarantees to these VIEs or their investors.
The following information pertains to unconsolidated VIEs for which the Company holds a variable interest at December 31 (in millions):
    
 
2015
 
2014
Unconsolidated VIE assets
$
7,302.4

 
$
9,993.5

Unconsolidated VIE liabilities
$
4,189.1

 
$
1,515.0

Equity interests on the Consolidated Balance Sheet
$
10.8

 
$
75.3

Maximum risk of loss(1)
$
16.6

 
$
75.5


    
 
 

(1)
Includes equity investments the Company has made or is required to make and any earned but uncollected management/incentive fees. The Company does not record performance/incentive allocations until the respective measurement period has ended.
In addition to the multiple unconsolidated VIE Funds, the Company determined that Heitman LLC, one of the Company's Affiliates, is a VIE. The Company concluded that it is not the primary beneficiary of Heitman LLC because it does not hold the power to direct its most economically significant activities. The assets and liabilities of Heitman LLC include the management company itself as well as certain funds that Heitman LLC consolidates. The Company aggregated Heitman LLC with the Company's other unconsolidated VIE Funds due to their similar risk profiles given that the risks and rewards are driven by changes in investment values and the Affiliates' ability to manage those assets.
Equity Accounted Investees
Equity Accounted Investees
The following tables present summarized financial information for Affiliates and Funds accounted for under the equity method (in millions):
 
For the year ended December 31, 2015
 
For the year ended December 31, 2014
Statements of Income
Heitman LLC
 
Other
 
Total
 
Heitman LLC
 
Other
 
Total
Net revenues(1)
$
128.9

 
$
213.7

 
$
342.6

 
$
227.4

 
$
89.1

 
$
316.5

Operating income
27.1

 
87.7

 
114.8

 
51.0

 
17.2

 
68.2

Other income (expense), net

 
97.8

 
97.8

 
26.1

 
(102.1
)
 
(76.0
)
Income (loss) before income taxes
27.1

 
185.5

 
212.6

 
77.1

 
(84.9
)
 
(7.8
)
Less income tax expense
0.8

 
5.1

 
5.9

 
3.0

 
1.9

 
4.9

Exclude: noncontrolling interests income (loss)

 
177.6

 
177.6

 
58.6

 
(89.8
)
 
(31.2
)
Net income attributable to controlling interests
$
26.3

 
$
2.8

 
$
29.1

 
$
15.5

 
$
3.0

 
$
18.5

OMAM equity in net income of equity method investees
$
10.2

 
$
2.8

 
$
13.0

 
$
8.5

 
$
3.0

 
$
11.5

 
For the year ended December 31, 2013
Statements of Income (cont.)
Heitman LLC
 
Other
 
Total
Net revenues(1)
$
218.3

 
$
80.1

 
$
298.4

Operating income
49.0

 
20.8

 
69.8

Other income (expense), net
172.8

 
(13.4
)
 
159.4

Income before income taxes
221.8

 
7.4

 
229.2

Less income tax expense
1.8

 
(0.4
)
 
1.4

Exclude: noncontrolling interests income
197.2

 
7.6

 
204.8

Net income attributable to controlling interests
$
22.8

 
$
0.2

 
$
23.0

OMAM equity in net income of equity method investees
$
10.4

 
$
0.2

 
$
10.6

 
As of December 31, 2015
 
As of December 31, 2014
Balance Sheets
Heitman LLC
 
Other
 
Total
 
Heitman LLC
 
Other
 
Total
Total assets
$
76.8

 
$
2,670.4

 
$
2,747.2

 
$
1,647.1

 
$
1,319.9

 
$
2,967.0

Total liabilities
39.0

 
1,026.2

 
1,065.2

 
581.1

 
552.8

 
1,133.9

Non-controlling interests in subsidiaries

 
1,612.7

 
1,612.7

 
1,014.4

 
756.9

 
1,771.3

Members' equity
$
37.8

 
$
31.5

 
$
69.3

 
$
51.6

 
$
10.2

 
$
61.8

OMAM equity investment and undistributed earnings of affiliated companies, before consolidating and reconciling adjustments
$
22.9

 
$
31.5

 
$
54.4

 
$
44.7

 
$
10.2

 
$
54.9

Consolidating and reconciling adjustments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

Goodwill attributable to equity method investment
29.7

 

 
29.7

 
30.6

 

 
30.6

OMAM investment in equity method investees at cost plus equity in undistributable earnings since acquisition
$
52.6

 
$
31.5

 
$
84.1

 
$
75.3

 
$
10.2

 
$
85.5

 
 
(1)
Net revenue includes advisory fees for asset management services and investment income, including interest and dividends from consolidated investment partnerships.
During the period, certain Affiliates held investments in joint ventures. These investments were accounted for using the equity method of accounting. Acadian Asset Management LLC had a joint venture investment in Acadian Asset Management (Australia) Limited. Net income (loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations includes $0.3 million, $1.4 million, and $2.1 million of income for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and investments in the Consolidated Balance Sheet includes $0.0 million and $2.4 million for the years ending at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. There are no material differences between the carrying value of these investments and the amounts of their underlying net asset value.
Property and Equipment and Lease Commitments
Property and Equipment and Lease Commitments
Property and equipment consisted of the following at December 31 (in millions):
 
2015
 
2014
Leasehold improvements
$
28.5

 
$
26.7

Office equipment
21.3

 
17.5

Furniture and fixtures
6.8

 
6.6

Software and web development
21.4

 
14.3

Total property and equipment, at cost
78.0

 
65.1

Accumulated depreciation and amortization
(47.3
)
 
(41.0
)
Property and equipment, net
$
30.7

 
$
24.1


Fixed asset depreciation and software and web development amortization expense for continuing operations was $6.9 million, $6.1 million, and $4.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively.
The Company and its Affiliates lease office space for their operations. At December 31, 2015, the Company's aggregate future minimum payments for operating leases having initial or non-cancelable lease terms greater than one year are (in millions):
 
Future
minimum
rentals
2016
$
11.0

2017
10.9

2018
10.4

2019
10.1

2020
9.6

Thereafter
19.2

Total
$
71.2


The Company is responsible for other expenses under these leases as well. Such expenses include operating costs, insurance, taxes and broker fees. Consolidated rent & occupancy expenses for 2015, 2014, and 2013 were $10.9 million, $10.6 million, and $8.8 million respectively.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
The following table presents the changes in goodwill in 2015, and 2014 (in millions):
 
Gross
Book Value
 
Accumulated
Impairment
 
Net Book
Value
December 31, 2013
$
160.6

 
$
(42.8
)
 
$
117.8

Impairments

 

 

Additions
11.0

 

 
11.0

Disposals
(11.2
)
 
8.9

 
(2.3
)
December 31, 2014
$
160.4

 
$
(33.9
)
 
$
126.5

Impairments

 

 

Additions

 

 

Disposals

 

 

December 31, 2015
$
160.4

 
$
(33.9
)
 
$
126.5


The amount of the disposal charge attributable to discontinued operations was $11.2 million in 2014. The disposal amount represents the write down necessary as a result of the transfer of Rogge Global Partners plc to the Company's Parent.
The following table presents the change in acquired intangible assets in 2015 and, 2014, composed of client relationships (in millions):
 
Gross
Book Value
 
Accumulated
Amortization &
Impairment
 
Net Book
Value
December 31, 2013
$
26.8

 
$
(25.6
)
 
$
1.2

Amortization

 
(0.1
)
 
(0.1
)
Disposals
(4.1
)
 
4.0

 
(0.1
)
December 31, 2014
$
22.7

 
$
(21.7
)
 
$
1.0

Additions
0.6

 

 
0.6

Amortization

 
(0.1
)
 
(0.1
)
Disposals

 

 

December 31, 2015
$
23.3

 
$
(21.8
)
 
$
1.5


The Company's definite-lived acquired intangibles are amortized over their expected useful lives. As of December 31, 2015, these assets were being amortized over an average remaining useful life of six to eight years. The Company recorded amortization expense of $0.1 million, $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013. The amount of amortization attributable to continuing operations was $0.1 million, $0.1 million, and $0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively. The amount of amortization attributable to discontinued operations was $0.0 million, $0.0 million, and $0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively.
The Company estimates that its consolidated annual amortization expense, assuming no useful life changes or additional investments in new or existing Affiliates, for each of the next five fiscal years is as follows (in millions):
2016
$
0.2

2017
0.2

2018
0.2

2019
0.2

2020
0.2

Thereafter
0.5

Total
$
1.5

Timber and Timberlands
Timber and Timberlands
Timber and timberlands consisted of the following at December 31 (in millions):
 
2015
 
2014
Timber
$

 
$
2,813.7

Timberlands

 
1,880.5

Timber lease rights

 
198.8

Other(1)

 
27.1

Total timber and timberlands, at cost

 
4,920.1

Accumulated depletion on timber

 
(866.0
)
Accumulated amortization

 
(0.9
)
Timber and timberlands, net
$

 
$
4,053.2

 
 
(1)
The category "Other" includes buildings, roads, quarries, hunting lease rights and other similar tangible and intangible assets related to timber cutting operations.
On January 1, 2015, in conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2015-02, the Company de-consolidated its Timber Funds.
Related Party Transactions
Related Party Transactions
Amounts due from related parties were comprised of the following at December 31 (in millions):
 
2015
 
2014
Fees receivable from unconsolidated Funds
$
31.5

 
$
18.2

Fees receivable from commonly controlled Old Mutual plc business units
2.0

 
2.3

Other amounts due from related parties
5.2

 
5.9

Other amounts due from Parent
0.2

 
1.8

Total amounts due from related parties
$
38.9

 
$
28.2

Amounts due to related parties were comprised of the following at December 31 (in millions):
 
2015
 
2014
Other amounts due to related parties
$
0.2

 
$
0.4

Loan notes payable to Parent (Note 13)

 
37.0

Preferred dividend payable of consolidated Fund

 
16.3

Other amounts due to Parent(2)
4.5

 
3.5

Total current payables to related parties
4.7

 
57.2

Other amounts due to Parent(2)
218.2

 
286.1

Promissory note payable to related parties of consolidated Fund (Note 13)

 
318.7

Total long-term payables to related parties
218.2

 
604.8

Total amounts due to related parties
$
222.9

 
$
662.0

Investments in related parties consisted of the following at December 31 (in millions):
 
2015
 
2014
Investment in unconsolidated master Funds(3)
$

 
$
23.6

Investments in joint ventures

 
2.4

Investments in equity-accounted investees (Note 6)
84.1

 
85.5

Total related party investments
$
84.1

 
$
111.5

Related party transactions included in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Operations for the years ended December 31 consisted of (in millions):
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
Management fees collected from commonly controlled Old Mutual
business units(3)
$
9.3

 
$
10.6

 
$
9.6

Management fees collected from unconsolidated Funds(1)
107.0

 
47.5

 
46.4

Performance fees collected from unconsolidated Funds(1)
1.9

 
5.9

 
0.5

Management fees collected from joint venture partners

 
6.4

 
13.7

Total related party revenues (including discontinued operations)
$
118.2

 
$
70.4

 
$
70.2

Expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense owed to parent (Note 13)
$

 
$
49.8

 
$
72.1

Rent and administrative costs recharged by commonly controlled Old Mutual business units(4)
1.7

 
1.2

 
0.1

Restricted stock grants of parent equity to OMAM employees (Note 18)
0.5

 
4.5

 
5.0

Recharged parent operational costs(5)
1.8

 
5.5

 
5.3

Total related party expenses (including discontinued operations)
$
4.0

 
$
61.0

 
$
82.5

 
 
(1)
Transactions with unconsolidated Affiliate-sponsored Funds are considered related party items on the basis of the Company's significant influence over the activities of such entities in its capacity as investment advisor thereto. These transactions are comprised of fees for advisory services and investments in unconsolidated "master" Funds held by consolidated "feeder" Funds.
(2)
During 2014, the Company entered into a deferred tax asset deed with the Parent for the payment of realized benefits associated with certain deferred tax assets, as well as a co-investment deed for the payment of realized benefits associated with co-investments made by the Company in real-estate and timber strategies of its Affiliates. Amounts owed to the Parent associated with the deferred tax asset deed were $198.1 million at December 31, 2015. Amounts owed to the Parent associated with the co-investment deed were $20.2 million at December 31, 2015, net of tax. As of December 31, 2015, the Company recorded a payable of $4.5 million for redemptions and estimated taxes due under the co-investment deed. Amounts withheld in excess of the future tax liability will be payable to the Parent upon settlement.
(3)
The Company provides sub-advisory services in the ordinary course of business to commonly controlled Old Mutual business units. Management fees include amounts earned from these related parties. For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, $0.0 million, $0.3 million, and $0.0 million, respectively, were earned from discontinued operations.
(4)
The Company conducts a portion of its distribution activities out of Asia and the United Kingdom, and has entered into contractual arrangements with Related Business Units domiciled there to share their premises and leverage certain of their administrative functions.
(5)
The Company's Parent provides the Company with various oversight services, including governance, which includes compensation for board and executive committees, investor relations, procurement of insurance coverage, human resources, financial reporting, internal audit, treasury, systems, risk and tax services. That portion of the above costs which (i) are directly attributable to the Company, (ii) have been charged to the Company by the Company's Parent and (iii) have been paid to the Parent by the Company, have been recorded in the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements and were $1.8 million, $2.1 million, and $2.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively. With respect to the above services which were not directly attributable to the Company, costs associated with these services were generally allocated based on the Company's proportion of the Parent's total consolidated, normalized revenues. In the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, $0.0 million, $3.4 million, and $3.3 million, respectively, of these costs incurred have been allocated to the Company through a non-cash contribution to Parent equity, with the balance of the charges settled in cash. Subsequent to the Offering, these general costs are no longer allocated and if required, are borne directly by the Company.
Other related party arrangements
In December 2011, the Company's Parent transferred a loan note receivable with a carrying value of $30.1 million to the Company from a commonly controlled business unit (sister entity). The acquisition of the loan note was funded via a non-cash contribution to capital from the Company's Parent. The loan note, issued by the Parent, earned interest at the two year U.S dollar swap rate plus 7.28%. Interest was payable annually in arrears. During 2014, the loan note receivable was redeemed via capital redemption to the Parent in the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.
The Company has entered into a sub-lease arrangement with a Related Business Unit subsidiary of the Parent in relation to premises it continues to lease in respect of a discontinued operation. During 2009, as of the date this operation was discontinued, the Company recorded a liability in respect of the present value of future lease payments it remained contractually obligated to incur, net of the future sub-lease income on the intercompany sub-lease arrangement. During the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013 the Company received sub-lease payments of $0.2 million, $1.0 million and $1.0 million, respectively, as a result of this related party arrangement.
In certain instances the Company pays the compensation for employees of Related Business Units who are based at its location. Conversely, employees of the Company operating at locations of Related Business Units are paid by those entities. In both cases these costs are recharged back to the business to which the employee is providing services.
As part of its profit-interests plan, an Affiliate made tax payments on behalf of its employees who became vested in profit interests of the Affiliate. Payments totaling $5.1 million, and $5.3 million made in the years ended December 31, 2015, and 2014, respectively, are included on the Company's balance sheet in Other assets. The balance as of December 31, 2015 was repaid by the employees of the Affiliate by February 2016.
The Company uses the equity-method to account for its interests in Affiliates where it exercises significant influence over their operations, but does not hold a controlling interest, as well as its joint venture partners. During 2015, 2014 and 2013, the Company recorded earnings in respect of these investees of $12.5 million, $9.8 million and $9.8 million respectively. During 2015, 2014 and 2013 respectively, the Company received dividends from joint ventures of $0.0 million, $1.2 million and $1.9 million, and the Company recharged expenses of $0.0 million, $0.3 million and $0.3 million to joint venture partners during the same respective periods. The Company also exercises significant influence over unconsolidated Funds; however in order to report in a manner consistent with consolidated Funds, it has elected to apply the fair value option for its investments therein. Total investment return recognized during 2015, 2014 and 2013 in respect of these entities was $5.7 million, $(3.2) million and $2.9 million respectively. Additional information with respect to equity-method investees is disclosed in Note 6.
During 2014, the Company entered into a seed capital management agreement and shareholder agreement with the Parent and the Parent's subsidiaries. Additionally in connection with the Reorganization, on September 29, 2014, the Company entered into a loan note with the Parent. The loan note was issued in the amount of $37 million and did not bear interest. The loan note was paid in full during 2015.
During 2014, the Company's Parent contributed its intercompany debt to the Company in return for an issuance of shares by OMAM. The elimination of this intercompany debt is reflected as a capital contribution in the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.
As the Company is a member of a group of related businesses, it is possible that the terms of certain related party transactions are not the same as those that would result from transactions with wholly unrelated parties.
Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities
Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities consisted of the following at December 31 (in millions):
 
2015
 
2014
Accounts payable
$
8.4

 
$
10.5

Accrued expenses
25.7

 
26.1

Treasury rate lock hedge liability (Note 21)
8.8

 

Other
2.8

 
2.9

Total accounts payable and accruals
$
45.7

 
$
39.5

Other Compensation Liabilities
Other Compensation Liabilities
Other compensation liabilities consisted of the following at December 31 (in millions):
 
2015
 
2014
Share-based payments liability (Note 18)
$
38.5

 
$
42.3

Non-current compensation payable
0.3

 
2.7

Profit interests compensation liability (Note 2)
155.2

 
123.8

Voluntary deferral plan liability (Note 17)
66.8

 
59.5

Total other compensation liabilities
$
260.8

 
$
228.3


Profit interests compensation expense (including discontinued operations in 2013) amounted to $31.4 million in 2015, $51.0 million in 2014, and $29.0 million in 2013. Issuances of additional profit sharing interests to key employees for cash amounted to $0.2 million in 2015, $0.6 million in 2014, and $0.2 million in 2013. Redemption of profit sharing interests by OMAM from key employees for cash were $2.9 million in 2015, $6.8 million in 2014, and $0.9 million in 2013.
Borrowings and Debt
Borrowings and Debt
The Company's long term debt at December 31, excluding the long term debt of the Company's consolidated Funds, was comprised of the following (in millions):
(in millions)
2015
 
2014
 
Interest rate
 
Maturity
Third party obligations:
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
Revolving credit facility
$
90.0

 
$
177.0

 
LIBOR + 1.25%
plus 0.20%
commitment fee
 
October 15, 2019
Related party obligations:
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
Loan note two

 
37.0

 
 
September 29, 2024
Total long term debt of the Company
$
90.0

 
$
214.0

 
 
 
 

The fair value of borrowings approximated net cost basis as of December 31, 2015 and 2014. Fair value was determined based on future cash flows, discounted to present value using current market rates. The inputs are categorized as Level III in the fair value hierarchy, as defined in Note 4, "Fair Value Measurement."
Revolving credit facility
On October 15, 2014, the Company entered into a revolving credit facility with Citibank, as administrative agent and issuing bank, Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated as joint lead arrangers and joint book runners (the "Credit Facility"). Pursuant to the terms of the Credit Facility, the Company may obtain loans on a revolving credit basis and procure the issuance of letters of credit in an aggregate amount at any time outstanding not in excess of $350 million. The Credit Facility has a maturity date of October 15, 2019. Borrowings under the credit facility will bear interest, at OMAM's option, at either the per annum rate equal to (a) the greatest of (i) the prime rate, (ii) the federal funds effective rate plus 0.5% and (iii) the one month Adjusted LIBO Rate plus 1%, plus, in each case an additional amount ranging from 0.25% to 1.00%, with such additional amount being based from time to time on the ratio of the Company's total consolidated indebtedness to Adjusted EBITDA (a "Leverage Ratio") until either Moody's Investor Service, Inc. or Standard & Poor's has assigned an initial rating to the Company's senior, unsecured long-term indebtedness for borrowed money that is not subject to credit enhancement, or its credit rating, at which time such additional amount will be based on its credit rating or (b) the London interbank offered rate for a period, at the Company's election, equal to one, two, three or six months plus an additional amount ranging from 1.25% to 2.00%, with such additional amount being based from time to time on the Company's Leverage Ratio until it has been assigned a credit rating, at which time such additional amount will be based on its credit rating. In addition, the Company will be charged a commitment fee based on the average daily unused portion of the revolving credit facility at a per annum rate ranging from 0.20% to 0.50%, with such amount being based from time to time on its Leverage Ratio until it has been assigned a credit rating, at which time such amount will be based on the Company's credit rating. Under the Credit Facility, the ratio of third-party borrowings to trailing twelve months Adjusted EBITDA cannot exceed 3.0x, and the interest coverage ratio must not be less than 4.0x. As the Company is yet to receive a public credit rating and in accordance with the terms of the Credit Facility an interest rate of LIBOR plus a margin of 1.25% and commitment fee rate of 0.20% is being charged. At December 31, 2015, the outstanding balance drawn was $90.0 million, the Company's ratio of third-party borrowings to trailing twelve months Adjusted EBITDA was 0.4x, and the interest coverage ratio was 85.1x.
Loan note two
On September 29, 2014, the Company entered into loan note two with its Parent. Loan note two was issued in the amount of $37.0 million and did not bear interest. Loan note two had a ten year term and called for quarterly repayments amounting to the greater of the Company's excess cash, as defined in loan note two, or $1.0 million, whichever is greater. Loan note two was fully repaid in the second quarter of 2015.
Other debt prior to the Reorganization
The Company also had the following borrowings outstanding in 2014 that were repaid prior to or concurrent with the Reorganization more fully described in Note 1:
Loan note one: On September 29, 2014, the Company entered into loan note one with its Parent. Loan note one was issued in the amount of $175.0 million, accrues interest at 3% per annum and was payable in full on its maturity date, September 29, 2015. On October 15, 2014, the Company repaid loan note one upon the closing of its new revolving credit facility.
Term loan two: On September 30, 2010, the Company entered into a $16.5 million term note to American AgCredit, PCA. The note was repayable in installments of $0.5 million on December 1, 2012, $12.0 million on November 1, 2013, $1.5 million on December 15, 2013 and $2.5 million on August 15, 2014. The note bore interest at a rate of 5.23% per annum and was paid out of a third party-funded interest reserve account at no cost to the Company. The note was fully repaid in August 2014.
Related party credit facility: On September 30, 2005, the Company entered into a five year revolving credit facility with its Parent. During March 2013, the Company and its Parent agreed to extend the agreement through March 31, 2018, at a maximum amount of $750.0 million with a fee on undrawn amounts of 0.5%. In connection with the Reorganization, the Parent made a capital contribution to the Company in the amount of the outstanding principal on the Related party credit facility.
Term loan one: On December 31, 2008, the Company issued a $900.0 million promissory note to its Parent. The note was due on September 30, 2015 and bore interest at a rate of 6.34% per annum. In connection with the Reorganization the Parent made a capital contribution to the Company in the amount of the outstanding principal on term loan one.
Interest expense amounted to $3.1 million, $50.6 million and $72.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 respectively. The weighted average interest rate on all debt obligations, excluding consolidated Funds, was 1.40%, 1.43% and 6.53% in each of 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
Borrowings and debt of consolidated funds
On January 1, 2015, in conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2015-02, the Company de-consolidated all Funds that had been consolidated as of December 31, 2014. The long term debt of the Company's consolidated Funds was comprised of the following at December 31 (in millions):
(in millions)
2015
 
2014
 
Interest rate
 
Maturity
Related party obligations:
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
Shareholder loans and note interest
$

 
$
318.7

 
BBSW* + 5.5%
 
October 2022
Total related party obligations:

 
318.7

 
 
 
 
Third party obligations:
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
Term loan A

 
163.0

 
6.0% - 6.26%
 
May 2016
Term loan B

 
261.3

 
5.93% – LIBOR + 1.61%
 
October 1, 2016
Senior secured notes

 
860.0

 
6.19% - 6.38%
 
December 1, 2019
Secured bank loan

 
109.7

 
variable
 
October 2017
Notes payable

 
2,383.2

 
LIBOR + margin
 
October 2027
Total third party obligations:

 
3,777.2

 
 
 
 
Total long term debt of consolidated Funds
$

 
$
4,095.9

 
 
 
 
 
 
* BBSW refers to the Australian Bank-Bill Reference Rate
The fair value of borrowings of consolidated Funds was approximately $3,794.1 million as of December 31, 2014. Fair value was determined based on future cash flows, discounted to present value using current market rates. The inputs are categorized as Level III in the fair value hierarchy, as defined in Note 4, "Fair Value Measurement."
Total interest expense recognized in relation to debt from consolidated Funds during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 respectively, was $0.0 million, $135.5 million and $149.3 million.
As of December 31, 2015, the aggregate maturities of debt commitments, based on their contractual terms, are as follows:
 
 
Future minimum
debt commitments
2016
 
$

2017
 

2018
 

2019
 
90.0

2020
 

Thereafter
 

Total
 
$
90.0


The Company was in compliance with the required covenants related to borrowings and debt facilities as of December 31, 2015.
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
The components of income tax expense from continuing operations for the years ended December 31 are as follows (in millions):
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Current:
 

 
 

 
 

Federal
$
40.8

 
$
41.6

 
$

State
7.4

 
5.1

 
4.5

Foreign
1.3

 
1.3

 
0.5

Total current
49.5

 
48.0

 
5.0

Deferred:
 

 
 

 
 

Federal
(4.5
)
 
(37.4
)
 
12.0

State
(4.5
)
 
0.5

 
(3.9
)
Foreign
6.1

 
1.7

 
0.2

Total deferred
(2.9
)
 
(35.2
)
 
8.3

Total tax expense
$
46.6

 
$
12.8

 
$
13.3


Included in discontinued operations is income tax expense of $0.0 million, $1.0 million, and $5.2 million in the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively. Included in gain (loss) on disposal of discontinued operations is income tax expense (benefit) of $0.5 million, $1.5 million, and $(2.3) million in the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively.
The provision for income taxes in 2015, 2014, and 2013 included benefits of $4.0 million, $1.6 million, and $33.8 million, respectively, related to the utilization of net operating loss carryforwards.
Due to the use of federal net operating loss carry forwards and an election pursuant to Internal Revenue Code § 172(b)(1)(H), the Company's current federal tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2013, was reduced to zero.
The reconciliation of the difference between the Company's U.S. Federal statutory income tax rate and the effective income tax rate for continuing operations for the years ended December 31 is as follows:
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Tax at U.S. federal statutory income tax rate
35.0
 %
 
35.0
 %
 
35.0
 %
State income taxes, net of federal benefit
3.0
 %
 
(7.3
)%
 
(2.7
)%
Non-deductible expenses
 %
 
1.6
 %
 
(0.1
)%
Interest expense
(9.3
)%
 
14.7
 %
 
 %
Dividends from foreign subsidiaries
0.3
 %
 
(6.6
)%
 
 %
Parent company expense carve-out adjustment
 %
 
(3.6
)%
 
(1.4
)%
Adjustment to liabilities for uncertain tax positions
(0.4
)%
 
2.2
 %
 
1.3
 %
Change in valuation allowance
(3.4
)%
 
34.9
 %
 
1.0
 %
Effect of foreign operations
(1.0
)%
 
2.5
 %
 
0.7
 %
Effect of changes in tax law, rates
(0.5
)%
 
(10.8
)%
 
(1.6
)%
Effect of income from non-controlling interest
 %
 
(108.4
)%
 
(48.6
)%
Other
(0.5
)%
 
6.1
 %
 
0.5
 %
Effective income tax rate for continuing operations
23.2
 %
 
(39.7
)%
 
(15.9
)%

During 2015, the Company released $4.5 million of its valuation allowance relating to foreign tax credit carryforwards, as management has concluded that the tax benefits will be realized primarily due to forecasted taxable income resulting from the utilization of substantially all the Company's remaining federal net operating loss carryforwards. Additionally, the Company released $2.0 million of its valuation allowance relating to state net operating loss carryforwards as management has concluded the tax benefits will be realized due to increases of income apportioned to the applicable states.
During 2014, the Company released $11.3 million of its valuation allowance relating to the federal net operating loss carryforwards of Skandia America Corporation, as management has concluded that the tax benefits will be fully realized following a restructuring which occurred in 2014.
In general, it is the practice and intention of the Company to reinvest earnings of its non-U.S. subsidiaries in those operations. Management has no intention of repatriating earnings of its non-U.S. subsidiaries in the foreseeable future. As such, at December 31, 2015, the Company has not recorded any deferred tax liabilities relating to additional tax on unremitted earnings of its non-U.S. subsidiaries. The Company's foreign unremitted earnings that are indefinitely reinvested are estimated to be $9.5 million at December 31, 2015. It is not practicable to estimate the amount of deferred tax liability related to investments in these foreign subsidiaries.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the book carrying amounts and tax bases of the Company's assets and liabilities.
The significant components of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities for the years ended December 31 are as follows (in millions):
 
2015
 
2014
Deferred tax assets:
 

 
 

Interest expense
$
164.3

 
$
181.1

Federal net operating loss
8.1

 
12.7

State net operating loss carry forwards
8.4

 
27.2

Investment partnerships
132.4

 
121.0

Foreign tax credit carry forwards
15.4

 
6.4

Intangible assets
1.8

 
2.5

Employee compensation
14.8

 
8.8

Other
5.6

 
4.5

Cash flow hedge
1.6

 

Total deferred tax assets
352.4

 
364.2

Valuation allowance
(6.4
)
 
(33.9
)
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance
346.0

 
330.3

Deferred tax liabilities:
 

 
 

Investments
4.4

 

Net deferred tax asset
$
341.6

 
$
330.3


At December 31, 2015, the Company has tax attributes that carry forward for varying periods. The Company's federal net operating loss carryforward of $23.2 million originated during 2003, 2004, 2006, and 2008 through 2010 and will expire over an 8 to 15-year period. State net operating losses of $188.4 million expire over a 6 to 16-year period. The Company has removed $18.4 million of state net operating loss carryforwards and the connected valuation allowance to reflect a state's statutory limit on the annual use of net operating losses. The Company has recorded a partial valuation allowance in connection with state net operating loss carryforwards for which the Company believes it is more-likely-than-not that the tax benefits will not be recognized. The Company's foreign tax credit carryforwards of $15.4 million expire over a one to nine year period. In evaluating the Company's ability to recover its deferred tax assets, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence including the existence of cumulative income in the most recent fiscal years, changes in the business in which the Company operates, and the Company's ability to forecast future taxable income. The weight given to the evidence is commensurate with the extent to which it can be objectively verified. The more negative evidence that exists, the more positive evidence that is necessary and the more difficult it is to support a conclusion that a valuation allowance is not needed. The Company has three years of cumulative earnings as of December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013. As of December 31, 2015, management believes it is more likely than not that the balance of the deferred tax asset will be realized based on forecasted taxable income.
The Company recorded approximately $10 million in additional foreign tax credit carryforwards during 2015 due to management's intention to amend its tax returns for the tax years 2009-2014 in order to claim credits for previously deducted foreign taxes. The realized benefits associated with these foreign tax credits are subject to the arrangements with the Parent (see Note 10) relating to the benefits associated with certain deferred tax assets.
A reconciliation of the change in gross unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31 is as follows (in millions):
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Balance as of January 1
$
93.9

 
$
97.2

 
$
106.2

Additions based on tax positions of prior years

 

 
0.1

Reductions for tax provisions of prior years

 
(1.5
)
 
(6.9
)
Reductions related to lapses of statutes of limitations
(0.4
)
 
(1.8
)
 
(2.2
)
Balance as of December 31
$
93.5

 
$
93.9

 
$
97.2


The Company's liability for uncertain tax positions includes benefits of $94.3 million and $93.2 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, that if recognized would affect the effective tax rate on income from continuing operations.
The Company recognized $1.4 million, $0.0 million, and $(0.4) million in interest and penalties in its income tax provision for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties relating to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. The Company's liability for uncertain tax benefits at December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013 includes accrued interest and penalties of $2.8 million, $1.4 million, and $1.4 million, respectively.
The Company believes that it is reasonably possible that a decrease of up to $3.3 million in unrecognized tax benefits relating to the Company's state tax exposures may be necessary within the next twelve months, as the result of a lapse of statute of limitations.
The Company is periodically under examination by various taxing authorities. There are no open examinations as of December 31, 2015.
The Company and its subsidiaries file tax returns in U.S. federal, state, local, and foreign jurisdictions. As of December 31, 2015, the Company is generally no longer subject to income tax examinations by U.S. federal, state, local, or foreign tax authorities for calendar years prior to 2007.
Commitments and Contingencies
Commitments and Contingencies
Operational commitments
The Company had unfunded commitments to invest up to $15.7 million and $30.0 million in co-investments with an Affiliate as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. These commitments will be funded as required through the end of the respective investment periods ranging through fiscal 2018.
Certain Affiliates operate under regulatory authorities that require that they maintain minimum financial or capital requirements. Management is not aware of any violations of such financial requirements occurring during the period.
Litigation
The Company and its Affiliates are subject to claims, legal proceedings and other contingencies in the ordinary course of their business activities. Each of these matters is subject to various uncertainties, and it is possible that some of these matters may be resolved in a manner unfavorable to the Company or its Affiliates. The Company and its Affiliates establish accruals for matters for which the outcome is probable and can be reasonably estimated. As of December 31, 2015, there were no material accruals for claims, legal proceedings or other contingencies.
Indemnifications
In the normal course of business, such as through agreements to enter into business combinations and divestitures of Affiliates, the Company enters into contracts that contain a variety of representations and warranties and which provide general indemnifications. The Company's maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown, as this would involve future claims that may be made against the Company that have not yet occurred.
Foreign tax contingency
The Company has clients in non-U.S. jurisdictions which require entities that are conducting certain business activities in such jurisdictions to collect and remit tax assessed on certain fees paid for goods and services provided. The Company does not believe this requirement is applicable based on its limited business activities in these jurisdictions. However, given the fact that uncertainty exists around the requirement, the Company has chosen to evaluate its potential exposure related to non-collection and remittance of these taxes. At December 31, 2015, management of the Company has estimated the potential maximum exposure and concluded that it is not material. No accrual for the potential exposure has been recorded as the probability of incurring any potential liability relating to this exposure is not probable at December 31, 2015.
Considerations of credit risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash investments. The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents and short term investments with various financial institutions. These financial institutions are typically located in cities in which the Company and its Affiliates operate. For the Company and certain Affiliates, cash deposits at a financial institution may exceed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limits.
Earnings Per Share
Earnings Per Share
The calculation of basic and diluted earnings per ordinary share for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 is as follows. Amounts shown reflect pro forma shares outstanding prior to the Offering on October 8, 2014. (dollars in millions, except per share data):
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Numerator:
 

 
 

 
 

Net income attributable to controlling interests          
$
155.5

 
$
51.7

 
$
25.7

Less: Total income available to participating unvested securities(1)
0.6

 

 

Total net income (loss) attributable to ordinary shares
$
154.9

 
$
51.7

 
$
25.7

Denominator:
 

 
 

 
 

Weighted-average ordinary shares outstanding—basic
120,000,000

 
120,000,000

 
120,000,000

Potential ordinary shares
 
 
 
 
 
Restricted stock units
497,997

 

 

Weighted-average ordinary shares outstanding—diluted
120,497,997

 
120,000,000

 
120,000,000

Earnings per ordinary share attributable to controlling interests:
 

 
 

 
 

Basic
$
1.29

 
$
0.43

 
$
0.21

Diluted
$
1.29

 
$
0.43

 
$
0.21

 
 
(1)
Income available to participating unvested securities includes dividends paid on unvested restricted shares and their proportionate share of undistributed earnings.
Employee Benefits
Employee Benefits
The Company has various defined contribution plans covering substantially all of its full-time employees and several of its Affiliates. In addition to pre-tax contributions made by employees, the Company also makes contributions to the qualified plans annually.
The Company also has non-qualified defined contribution plans covering certain senior employees. The Company has established a Deferred Compensation Plan under which the Board of Directors makes awards that may be invested by the recipient in investments deemed available under the plan. Vesting of awards under the Deferred Compensation Plan is based on the number of years of service already provided by the employee at the date of the grant. In addition, the Company has established a Voluntary Deferral Plan that provides officers of the Company the opportunity to voluntarily defer a portion of their compensation. The compensation deferred is deemed to be invested in one or more investment options available under the plan. These non-qualified plans are unfunded, although the Company does make contributions to a Rabbi Trust to hedge its risks in terms of providing returns to employees on their deemed investments held in the plan.
As of December 31, 2015, and 2014, a total of $66.8 million and $59.5 million, respectively, had been recorded as other compensation liabilities and a total of $66.9 million and $59.7 million, respectively, had been invested under the Deferred Compensation and Voluntary Deferral plans. The Company recorded total expenses in relation to its qualified and non-qualified plans within compensation and benefits in its Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013 of $12.5 million, $10.8 million, and $8.7 million, respectively.
Equity-based Compensation
Equity-based Compensation
Cash-settled Affiliate awards
The Company has entered into compensation arrangements with several of its Affiliates whereby in exchange for continued service, Affiliate equity is either purchased by or granted to Affiliate key employees subject to a limit imposed by the Company, and may be repurchased either by Affiliate key employees or by the Company at a future date at the then applicable fair value, subject to service requirements having been met. Compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service period equal to the cumulative vested fair value of the award at the end of each period up to vesting date.
The Company accounts for these arrangements as "cash settled" share based payments, and accordingly a corresponding share-based payments liability is recorded. Vested share-based payments liabilities are revalued at each period end until settlement date, with changes in the liabilities included within compensation expense.
The following table presents the changes in the share-based payments liability for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Balance, beginning of period
$
42.3

 
$
86.0

 
$
65.8

Amortization and revaluation of granted awards
0.2

 
43.4

 
30.0

Reclassification of modified equity-settled award

 

 
0.9

Reclassification to profit interests award
(2.8
)
 
(1.7
)
 

Affiliate disposals

 
(18.0
)
 

Repurchases (cash settled)
(1.2
)
 
(67.4
)
 
(10.7
)
Balance, end of period
$
38.5

 
$
42.3

 
$
86.0


The amount of unrecognized compensation expense in relation to non-vested cash-settled equity interests as of December 31, 2015 is $3.0 million, and will be expensed as follows (in millions):
2016
$
1.7

2017
0.9

2018
0.4

Total
$
3.0


Equity-settled Affiliate awards
Class B equity interests in Acadian Asset Management ("AAM") were acquired by employees during 2007 entitling the participating employees to 28.57% of the earnings of AAM in excess of the Company's Class A equity interest minimum preference, and to a liquidation preference proportionate to their shareholding. In consideration for the equity acquired, the participating employees agreed to forego a portion of existing long-term incentive payments owed. The difference between the carrying amount of this consideration and the fair value of the interest acquired was treated as share-based compensation expense. Fair value was determined based on the discounted projected future cash flows of AAM, amounting to $42.5 million at the grant date.
Effective April 1, 2011, certain terms of the plan were modified to provide for greater participation by Class B interest holders in Acadian's profits and cash distributions. In addition, provisions were added to provide greater liquidity and transferability to the holders of Class B interests. The plan was also amended to include a feature whereby participating employees may redeem their equity based on a multiple of prior twelve-month earnings above a Class A equity holders' minimum preference amount, subject to certain restrictions. The surrender-date fair value of the Class B interests prior to these modifications amounted to $7.2 million, and this amount has been reclassified from non-controlling interests to cash-settled share-based payments liabilities as a result of the liquidity features added. For the years ending December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, $0.0 million, $0.0 million, and $0.9 million were reclassified, respectively. The excess of the fair value of the modified award over its pre-modification fair value was $21.1 million and was accounted for as incremental cash-settled share-based payments compensation expense and liability. As the implementation of the modifications were subject to a two year vesting period, the incremental cash-settled share-based payments compensation expense and subsequent revaluations of the liability to its fair value each period, along with the reclassification of the $7.2 million pre-modification fair value of the award from non-controlling interests as a liability is being recognized ratably over that period commencing April 1, 2011. The remaining $35.3 million of the initial fair value of the equity-settled plan that was surrendered by Class B interest holders was transferred from non-controlling interests to the parent equity (deficit) at the modification date. During 2014, the Company repurchased 14.285% of the Class B equity interests from the employees, reducing the employees interest to 14.285%.
Equity-settled corporate awards
Old Mutual plc equity compensation plans
Old Mutual plc, the Company's Parent, maintains various equity-based compensation arrangements, including stock options and restricted stock awards, in which the Company's employees participated in the periods presented. The cost of these equity-based programs has been included in the Company's financial results where applicable. Compensation expense recognized by the Company in respect of these arrangements was $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, $4.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, and $5.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2013. A corresponding capital contribution was recognized in each period. The related income tax benefit recognized for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013 was $0.2 million, $1.7 million, and $1.8 million, respectively.
The following disclosures represent the Company's portion of the various equity compensation arrangements maintained by the Parent in which the Company's employees participated.
Options for shares in Old Mutual plc traded on the London Stock Exchange
An Affiliate of the Company that was disposed of during 2014 participated in a plan featuring options of Old Mutual plc shares. Shares granted during the year ended December 31, 2014, were 249,821. As the Affiliate was disposed of during 2014, there were no shares outstanding or exercisable at December 31, 2015 and 2014 respectively.
The weighted average share price at date of exercise for options exercised during 2014 was $3.30. The Company recognized expense in connection with the exercise of options of $0.2 million, and $0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2014, and 2013, respectively. This expense is classified within discontinued operations. Refer to Note 22, "Discontinued Operations and Restructuring" for additional information.
Prior to disposal, the estimated fair value of options awarded was $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. The fair value of services received in return for share options granted was measured by reference to the fair value of share options granted. The estimate of the fair value of share options granted was measured using a Black-Scholes option pricing model.
Grants of restricted shares in Old Mutual plc traded on the London Stock Exchange
The following summarizes the grant date fair value of restricted shares granted by the Company in the years ended December 31:
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Shares granted during the year

 
3,576,379

 
1,996,967

Weighted average grant date fair value per share GBP
£

 
£
2.03

 
£
1.94

Weighted average grant date fair value per share USD
$

 
$
3.35

 
$
3.03


The grant date fair value per share, calculated based on the closing share price as quoted on the London Stock Exchange on the measurement date, was used to determine the fair value of restricted shares granted to employees. There is a mechanism at Old Mutual plc to ensure sufficient shares are available under the plan each year for grants issued. Restricted shares under the plan generally have a vesting period of three years. Expected dividends were not incorporated into the measurement of fair value where the holder of the restricted share is entitled to dividends throughout the vesting period.
The following table summarizes the activity related to restricted shares.
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
 
Number of
shares
 
Weighted average grant date fair value per share GBP
 
Weighted average grant date fair value per share USD
 
Number of
shares
 
Weighted average grant date fair value per share GBP
 
Weighted average grant date fair value per share USD
 
Number of
shares
 
Weighted average grant date fair value per share GBP
 
Weighted average grant date fair value per share USD
Outstanding at the beginning of the year
682,346

 
£
1.77

 
$
2.92

 
3,954,534

 
£
1.73

 
$
2.85

 
2,888,925

 
£
1.47

 
$
2.30

Granted during the year

 

 

 
3,576,379

 
2.03

 
3.35

 
1,996,967

 
1.94

 
3.03

Forfeited during the year

 

 

 
(10,711
)
 
2.03

 
3.35

 
(64,778
)
 
1.51

 
2.36

Exercised during the year
(472,545
)
 
1.67

 
2.50

 
(878,217
)
 
1.45

 
2.39

 
(543,708
)
 
1.25

 
1.95

Other transfers

 
0

 
0

 
(5,959,639
)
 
n/a

 
n/a

 
(322,872
)
 
0

 

Outstanding at the end of the year
209,801

 
£
2.00

 
$
3.00

 
682,346

 
£
1.77

 
$
2.92

 
3,954,534

 
£
1.73

 
$
2.70


The grant date for the annual awards is deemed to be January 1 in the year prior to the date of issue. There are no planned future awards of Old Mutual Plc restricted shares. The fair value of awards granted in 2014 with a grant date of January 1, 2013 was $8.1 million, consisting of 2,416,327 shares. The fair value of awards granted in 2013 with a grant date of January 1, 2012 was $6.1 million, consisting of 1,996,967 shares.
Value incentive plan
During 2011, an equity-based compensation plan was implemented for certain key employees of OMAM in connection with the stated intention of exploring a potential initial public offering ("IPO") of the business. The plan was designed to reward participants for achievement of strategic objectives and metrics and value creation over the period leading up to an initial public offering. The awards consisted of a mix of cash, payable at completion of an IPO, and restricted shares in the newly-listed U.S. entity, which would be granted upon completion of an IPO and vest ratably over three years from that date. As a result of the IPO not occurring before the plan termination date of December 31, 2013, the awards under this plan were paid out in cash and grants of restricted shares in Old Mutual plc during 2014. The value and quantity of the cash and share portions of the awards were based on the achievement of performance objectives and financial targets. The share-based payment liability previously recorded for the share portion of this plan was reclassified to share-based payment reserve upon the granting of the awards in Old Mutual Plc restricted shares. The expense recognized during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013 in relation to this plan was $0.6 million $1.0 million, and $3.8 million respectively. The amount of unrecognized expense as of December 31, 2015 was $0.5 million. The total income tax benefit recognized in relation to this plan for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013 was $0.2 million, $0.4 million, and $1.6 million, respectively.
OM Asset Management equity incentive plan
In connection with the IPO, certain employees who held unvested Old Mutual plc restricted shares were given the opportunity to exchange their Old Mutual plc restricted shares for restricted shares of OMAM held by OM Group (UK) Limited with vesting conditions similar to those to which they were currently subject. These restricted shares were awarded to employees as part of the annual incentive process and the one-time Value Incentive Plan. This exchange program was intended to provide employees who elected to participate with restricted share awards of OMAM ordinary shares of equivalent value to the Old Mutual plc restricted shares they currently held. The exchange valued OMAM ordinary shares at the price sold to investors in the IPO. The exchange valued Old Mutual plc's ordinary shares using the weighted-average sale price over the three consecutive trading days on the London Stock Exchange up to and including the date of the exchange. The exchange occurred following the effectiveness of the OMAM registration statement on October 8, 2014. OM Group (UK) Limited transferred 1,212,766 unvested restricted OM Asset Management ordinary shares (Equivalent to 5,914,981 Old Mutual plc restricted shares) to employees as part of this exchange program.
In connection with the Reorganization, two equity plans were implemented at OMAM; one for the employees and one for non-executive directors. The plans are maintained to provide equity based compensation arrangements, including restricted stock awards ("RSAs"), restricted stock units ("RSUs") and performance based restricted stock units ("Performance RSUs"). Equity ownership encourages employees and directors to act in the best long-term interests of the Company.
Compensation expense recognized by the Company in relation to these plans was $11.8 million for year ended December 31, 2015, and $3.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. The related income tax benefit recognized for years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 was $4.6 million and $1.2 million, respectively. The grant date for annual awards for 2015 is deemed to be January 1, 2014. It is anticipated that the annual awards for 2015 with a fair value of $7.8 million will be granted during 2016.
The following summarizes the grant date fair value of the instruments granted by the Company during the year ended December 31, 2015:
OM Asset Management plc awards
 
Shares granted
 
Weighted average fair value
RSAs
 
559,709

 
$
17.60

RSUs
 
47,055

 
$
17.65

Performance-Based RSUs
 
451,657

 
$
24.65

Grants of restricted shares in OM Asset Management plc
The following table summarizes the activity related to restricted share awards:
 
 
2015
 
2014
OM Asset Management plc RSA Awards
 
Number of shares
 
Weighted average grant date fair value per share
 
Number of shares
 
Weighted average grant date fair value per share
Outstanding at beginning of the year
 
1,212,766

 
$
14.00

 

 
$

Converted during the year
 

 

 
1,212,766

 
14.00

Granted during the year
 
559,709

 
17.60

 

 

Forfeited during the year
 
(2,128
)
 
17.65

 
(10,225
)
 
15.46

Exercised during the year
 
(203,700
)
 
14.00

 

 

Other transfers
 

 

 
10,225

 
15.46

Outstanding at end of the year
 
1,566,647

 
$
15.28

 
1,212,766

 
$
14.00


The grant date fair value per share, calculated based on the closing price as quoted on the New York Stock Exchange on the measurement date, is used to determine the fair value of restricted shares granted to employees. Restricted shares under the plan generally have a vesting period of 1-3 years.
Grants of restricted stock units in OM Asset Management plc
The following table summarizes the activity related to restricted stock units:
 
 
2015
 
2014
OM Asset Management plc RSU Awards
 
Number of shares
 
Weighted average grant date fair value per share
 
Number of shares
 
Weighted average grant date fair value per share
Outstanding at beginning of the year
 

 
$

 

 
$

Granted during the year
 
47,055

 
17.65

 

 

Forfeited during the year
 

 

 

 

Exercised during the year
 

 

 

 

Other transfers
 

 

 

 

Outstanding at end of the year
 
47,055

 
$
17.65

 

 
$


The grant date fair value per share, calculated based on the closing price as quoted on the New York Stock Exchange on the measurement date, is used to determine the fair value of restricted shares granted to employees. Restricted stock units under the plan generally have a vesting period of 1-3 years.
Grants of Performance-based restricted stock units in OM Asset Management plc
The following table summarizes the activity related to performance-based restricted stock units:
 
 
2015
 
2014
OM Asset Management plc performance-based RSU Awards
 
Number of shares
 
Weighted average grant date fair value per share
 
Number of shares
 
Weighted average grant date fair value per share
Outstanding at beginning of the year
 

 
$

 

 
$

Granted during the year
 
451,657

 
24.65

 

 

Forfeited during the year
 

 

 

 

Exercised during the year
 

 

 

 

Other transfers
 

 

 

 

Outstanding at end of the year
 
451,657

 
$
24.65

 

 
$


The performance-based RSU awards granted by the company have a market vesting condition; therefore a Monte-Carlo simulation model was used to determine the fair value of the restricted units granted to employees. Significant assumptions utilized in the Monte-Carlo simulation model include an expected dividend yield of 0%, a risk-free interest rate of 1.08%, and an expected volatility of 24.8%. Restricted units under the plan have a vesting period of 3 years.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
The following tables shows the tax effects allocated to each component of other comprehensive income:

The following tables show the tax effects allocated to each component of other comprehensive income (in millions):
 
For the year ended December 31, 2015
 
Pre-Tax
 
Tax Benefit (Expense)
 
Net of Tax
Foreign currency translation adjustment including portion attributable to non-controlling interests
$
(1.5
)
 
$

 
$
(1.5
)
Change in net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on derivative securities
(8.2
)
 
1.6

 
(6.6
)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
$
(9.7
)
 
$
1.6

 
$
(8.1
)

 
For the year ended December 31, 2014
 
Pre-Tax
 
Tax Benefit (Expense)
 
Net of Tax
Foreign currency translation adjustment including portion attributable to non-controlling interests
$
(20.4
)
 
$

 
$
(20.4
)
Other comprehensive loss
$
(20.4
)
 
$

 
$
(20.4
)
 
For the year ended December 31, 2013
 
Pre-Tax
 
Tax Benefit (Expense)
 
Net of Tax
Foreign currency translation adjustment including portion attributable to non-controlling interests
$
(17.9
)
 
$

 
$
(17.9
)
Other comprehensive loss
$
(17.9
)
 
$

 
$
(17.9
)
The components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the year ended December 31, 2015 were as follows (in millions) including proportions attributable to non-controlling interests:
 
 
Foreign currency translation adjustment
 
Valuation of derivative securities
 
Total
Balance, as of December 31, 2014
 
$
(20.4
)
 

 
$
(20.4
)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
 
(1.5
)
 
(6.6
)
 
(8.1
)
De-consolidation of Funds
 
23.9

 

 
23.9

Balance, as of December 31, 2015
 
$
2.0

 
$
(6.6
)
 
$
(4.6
)

In the twelve months ended December 31, 2015 the Company recorded $(6.6) million, net of tax of $1.6 million, on the derivative contract as further described in Note 21. The Company reclassified $0.6 million from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the twelve months ended December 31, 2015. There were no significant amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to the Consolidated Statements of Income for the twelve months ended December 31,  2014 and 2013.
On January 1, 2015, in conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2015-02, the Company de-consolidated all Funds that had been consolidated as of December 31, 2014, resulting in the reversal of $23.9 million related to accumulated foreign currency translation of previously consolidated Funds.
Non-controlling interests
Non-controlling Interests
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in the Consolidated Statements of Operations is comprised of the income allocated to equity-holders of consolidated entities, other than OMAM. Non-controlling interests on the Consolidated Balance Sheets includes capital and undistributed profits attributable to those equity holders, which amounted to $0.0 million at December 31, 2015, $0.0 million at December 31, 2014, and $0.1 million at December 31, 2013.
Non-controlling interests in consolidated Funds
On January 1, 2015, in conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2015-02, the Company deconsolidated all Funds that had been consolidated as of December 31, 2014. As a result of this deconsolidation, all non-controlling interests in consolidated Funds were reduced to $0.0 million.
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated Funds in the Consolidated Statements of Operations is comprised of the net income or loss and net gains and losses allocated to equity-holders, other than OMAM, of consolidated Funds. For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013 this net loss was $0.0 million, $(95.5) million, and $(122.3) million, respectively. Non-controlling interests in consolidated Funds on the Consolidated Balance Sheets represents the share of net assets of the funds attributable to those equity holders who are restricted in their ability to redeem their interests, which amounted to $0.0 million at December 31, 2015, and $2,459.0 million at December 31, 2014.
Redeemable non-controlling interests in consolidated Funds on the Consolidated Balance Sheets represents the share of net assets of the Funds attributable to those equity holders who are not restricted in their ability to redeem their interests, which amounted to $0.0 million at December 31, 2015, and $61.9 million at December 31, 2014.
Derivatives and Hedging
Derivatives and Hedging
Cash flow hedge
In late July 2015, the Company entered into a $300 million notional Treasury rate lock contract which was designated and qualified as a cash flow hedge under Accounting Standard Codification 815, "Derivatives and Hedging", (“ASC 815”). The Company documented its hedging strategy and risk management objective for this contract in anticipation of a future debt issuance. The Treasury rate lock contract effectively eliminates the impact of fluctuations in the underlying benchmark interest rate. The Company assesses the effectiveness of the hedging contract at inception and on a quarterly basis thereafter. At December 31, 2015, the hedging contract was evaluated to be highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows associated with the hedged items. The Company did not record any hedge ineffectiveness during the year ended December 31, 2015. The fair value of the contract included in accounts payable and accrued expenses was $8.8 million at December 31, 2015. Amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive income were $(6.6) million, net of tax of $1.6 million, for the year ended December 31, 2015. The Treasury rate lock contract has not been settled as of December 31, 2015 and was extended into the third quarter of 2016. As a result, the Company reclassified $0.6 million from accumulated other comprehensive income to interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the twelve months ended December 31, 2015. During the next twelve months the Company expects to reclassify approximately $0.3 million, net of tax, of the loss on the Treasury rate lock contract into earnings.
Derivatives of consolidated Funds
The Company's consolidated Funds entered into the following types of derivatives:
Forward foreign currency exchange contracts:    The Funds are subject to foreign currency exchange rate risk in the normal course of pursuing their investment objectives. A forward foreign currency exchange contract is an agreement between two parties to purchase or sell a specific currency for an agreed-upon price at a future date. The Funds enter into forward foreign currency exchange contracts to facilitate transactions in foreign-denominated securities and to attempt to minimize the risk to the Funds from adverse changes in the relationship between currencies. Forward foreign currency exchange contracts are recorded at the forward rate and marked-to-market daily. When the contracts are closed, realized gains and losses arising from such transactions are recorded as realized gains or losses on foreign currency transactions. The Funds could be exposed to risks if the counterparties to the contracts are unable to meet the terms of their contracts or if the value of the foreign currency changes unfavorably. The Funds' maximum risk of loss from counterparty credit risk is the unrealized gains or losses on the contracts. This risk is mitigated by having a master netting arrangement between the Funds and the counterparty.
Credit default swaps:    The Funds are subject to credit risk in the normal course of pursuing their investment objectives. The Funds entered into credit default swaps to manage their exposure to the market or certain sectors of the market, to reduce their risk exposure to defaults of corporate and sovereign issuers, or to create exposure to corporate or sovereign issuers to which they are not otherwise exposed. Credit default swaps involve the exchange of a fixed rate premium for protection against the loss in value of an underlying security in the event of a defined credit event, such as payment default or bankruptcy. Under a credit default swap one party acts as a guarantor by receiving the fixed periodic payment in exchange for the commitment to purchase the underlying security at par if the defined credit event occurs. Upon the occurrence of a defined credit event, the difference between the value of the reference obligation and the swaps notional amount is recorded as realized gain (for protection written) or loss (for protection sold) on swap transactions in the consolidated statement of operations. The Funds maximum risk of loss from counterparty risk, either as the protection seller or as the protection buyer, is the fair value of the contract. This risk is mitigated by having a master netting arrangement between the Funds and the counterparty and by the posting of collateral by the counterparty to the Funds to cover the Funds' exposure to the counterparty.
Interest rate swaps:    The Funds are subject to interest rate risk exposure in the normal course of pursuing their investment objectives. Because the Funds hold fixed rate bonds, the value of these bonds may decrease if interest rates rise. To help hedge against this risk and to maintain their ability to generate income at prevailing market rates, the Funds entered into interest rate swap contracts. Interest rate swaps are agreements between two parties to exchange cash flows based on a notional principal amount. The Funds may elect to pay a fixed rate and receive a floating rate, or receive a fixed rate and pay a floating rate on a notional principal amount. The net interest received or paid on interest rate swap agreements is recorded as realized gains or losses. Interest rate swaps are marked to market daily based upon quotations from the market makers and the change, if any, is recorded as an unrealized gain or loss in the consolidated statement of operations. When the swap contract is terminated earlier, the Funds record a realized gain or loss equal to the difference between the current realized value and the expected cash flows. The risk of interest rate swaps include changes in market conditions that will affect the value of the contract or the cash flows and the possible inability of the counterparty to fulfill its obligations under the agreement. The Funds' maximum risk of loss from counterparty credit risk is the discounted net value of the cash flows to be received from the counterparty over the contract's remaining life, to the extent that that amount is positive. The risk is mitigated by having a master netting arrangement between the Funds and the counterparty and by the posting of collateral by the counterparty to the Funds to cover the Funds' exposure to the counterparty.
Financial futures contracts:    Certain of the Funds may enter into futures contracts for liquidity and hedging purposes. The potential risk to the Funds is that the change in value of futures contracts may not correspond to the change in value of the hedged instruments. In addition, losses may arise from changes in the value of the underlying instruments, if there is an illiquid secondary market for the contracts, or if the counterparty to the contract is unable to perform. Risks may exceed amounts recognized on the consolidated balance sheet. When the contract is closed, the Funds recognize a realized gain or loss equal to the difference between the value of the contract at the time it wasopened and the value at the time it was closed. Upon entering into a financial futures contract, the Funds are required to pledge to the broker an amount of cash and/or other assets equal to a certain percentage of the contract amount, known as initial margin deposit. Futures contracts are valued at the quoted daily settlement prices established by the exchange on which they trade. The Funds agree to receive from, or pay to, the broker an amount of cash equal to the daily fluctuation in the value of the futures contract. Such receipts or payments are known as variation margin. At December 31, 2014, the Funds had no open futures contracts.
Certain of the Funds' derivative instruments contain provisions that allow for early termination of those derivative contracts if the net assets of the Funds decline by certain thresholds within specified periods of time. If the Funds' net assets were to fall below these thresholds it would be in violation of these provisions and the counterparties to the derivative instruments could request immediate payment or demand immediate and ongoing full overnight collateralization on derivative instruments in net liability positions. If the credit-risk-related contingent features underlying these agreements were triggered on December 31, 2015, the Funds would not be required to post any additional collateral to their counterparties, as the Funds were in a gain position.
The average value of Funds' derivative instruments during the year ended December 31, 2015 was as follows (in millions):
 
2015
 
2014
Average notional value of swaps
$

 
$
0.4

Average value of contracts to buy
$

 
$
3.0

Average value of contracts to sell
$

 
$
2.7


The fair values of Funds' derivatives were as follows at December 31 (in millions):
 
Balance sheet classification
within consolidated funds
 
2015
 
2014
 
Assets
 
Liabilities
 
Assets
 
Liabilities
 
Assets
 
Liabilities
Derivatives with unrealized gains & losses:
 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Forward foreign currency exchange contracts
Other assets
 
Other liabilities
 
$

 
$

 
$
0.5

 
$

Interest rate contracts
Other assets
 
Other liabilities
 

 

 
0.4

 

Warrants
Investments
 
N/A
 

 

 
0.1

 

Total return swap contracts
Other assets
 
Other liabilities
 

 

 

 

Other derivatives
Investments
 
Other liabilities
 

 

 

 

Total
 
 
 
 
$

 
$

 
$
1.0

 
$


The effect of Funds' derivative instruments on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31 were as follows (in millions):
 
 
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
 
Income statement classification
 
Gains
 
Losses
 
Gains
 
Losses
 
Gains
 
Losses
Realized gains (losses):
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Forward foreign currency exchange contracts
OMAM funds net gains (losses):
 
$

 
$

 
$
0.1

 
$

 
$

 
(0.1
)
Total return swap contracts
OMAM funds net gains (losses):
 

 

 

 
(0.3
)
 

 

Unrealized gains (losses):
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Forward foreign currency exchange contracts
OMAM funds net gains (losses):
 

 

 

 

 

 
(1.7
)
Interest rate contracts
OMAM funds net gains (losses):
 

 

 

 
(0.4
)
 
0.5

 

Other derivatives
OMAM funds net gains (losses):
 

 

 

 

 
1.1

 

Net change in unrealized appreciation:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Forward foreign currency exchange contracts
OMAM funds net gains (losses):
 

 

 
0.1

 

 

 
(4.9
)
Interest rate contracts
OMAM funds net gains (losses):
 

 

 
0.4

 

 

 

Futures contracts
OMAM funds net gains (losses):
 

 

 

 

 
0.4

 

Other derivatives
OMAM funds net gains (losses):
 

 

 

 

 
0.6

 

Total
 
 
$

 
$

 
$
0.6

 
$
(0.7
)
 
$
2.6

 
$
(6.7
)
Discontinued Operations and Restructuring
Discontinued Operations and Restructuring
Discontinued operations
The Company's gain (loss) from discontinued operations was comprised of the following at December 31 (in millions, except for per share data):
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Revenues
$

 
$
38.0

 
$
84.8

Compensation expense

 
30.9

 
50.7

Depreciation

 
0.2

 
0.5

Other operating expenses

 
9.8

 
16.2

Amortization and impairment of goodwill & intangibles

 

 
0.1

Operating income (loss)

 
(2.9
)
 
17.3

Investment gain (loss) of consolidated Funds

 
2.8

 
(9.4
)
Net interest income (expense)

 
0.1

 

Income (loss) before taxes

 

 
7.9

Income taxes

 
1.1

 
5.2

Discontinued net income (loss)

 
(1.1
)
 
2.7

Gain (loss) on disposal, net of tax of $0.5, $(1.5) and $2.3
0.8

 
2.3

 
(2.1
)
Total discontinued operations
0.8

 
1.2

 
0.6

Attributable to non-controlling interests

 
4.7

 
(5.8
)
Attributable to controlling interests
$
0.8

 
$
(3.5
)
 
$
6.4

Pro forma earnings (loss) per share (basic) attributable to controlling interests
$
0.01

 
$
(0.03
)
 
$
0.05

Pro forma earnings (loss) per share (diluted) attributable to controlling interests
$
0.01

 
$
(0.03
)
 
$
0.05


In the second quarter of 2014, the Company transferred the operations of Rogge Global Partners plc to the Company's Parent and has accordingly presented its results within discontinued operations for historical periods.
During 2013, the Company committed to a plan to wind up the operations of Echo Point Investment Management, and has accordingly presented its results within discontinued operations for historical periods. The Company recorded a liability for incremental costs expected to be incurred, and recognized a loss in relation to the excess of carrying amount over recoverable amount of the net assets of the business. The shutdown process was completed during the first quarter of 2014.
Liabilities associated with discontinued operations and restructuring are summarized as follows as of December 31 (in millions):
 
2015
 
2014
Beginning balance at January 1
$
5.6

 
$
8.6

Abandoned lease liability principle payments
(1.6
)
 
(0.4
)
Accrual of wind-up costs in relation to discontinued operation
(0.3
)
 
0.3

Payment of wind-up costs in relation to discontinued operation

 
(2.6
)
Adjustment to sub-lease arrangement on abandoned lease
0.4

 
1.2

Drawdowns on committed funding

 
(1.5
)
Ending balance at December 31
$
4.1

 
$
5.6


No additional costs are expected to be incurred in connection with discontinued operations for the events described above.
Segment Information
Segment Information
The Company operates one business segment that provides investment management services and products to predominantly institutional clients. The primary measure used by the CODM in measuring performance and allocating resources is Economic Net Income ("ENI").
The Company defines economic net income as ENI revenue less (i) ENI operating expenses, (ii) variable compensation, (iii) key employee distributions, (iv) net interest, and (v) taxes. These ENI adjustments to U.S. GAAP include both reclassifications of U.S. GAAP revenue and expense items, as well as adjustments to U.S. GAAP results, primarily to exclude non-cash, non-economic expenses, or to reflect cash benefits not recognized under U.S. GAAP.
ENI is an important measure to investors because it is used by the Company to make resource allocation decisions, determine appropriate levels of investment or dividend payout, manage balance sheet leverage, determine Affiliate variable compensation and equity distributions, and incentivize management. It is also an important measure because it assists management in evaluating our operating performance and is presented in a way that most closely reflects the key elements of the Company's profit share operating model with its Affiliates.
To calculate economic net income, the Company re-categorizes certain line items on its Statement of Operations to reflect the following:
The Company excludes the effect of Funds consolidation in periods prior to January 1, 2015 by removing the portion of Fund revenues, expenses and investment return which were not attributable to its shareholders.
The Company includes within management fee revenue any fees paid to Affiliates as a result of Funds consolidation in periods prior to January 1, 2015.
The Company includes its share of earnings from equity-accounted Affiliates within other income in revenue, rather than investment income. Earnings from equity-accounted Affiliates amounted to $12.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, $9.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 and $7.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2013.
The Company treats sales-based compensation as a general and administrative expense, rather than part of fixed compensation and benefits.
The Company segregates from operating expenses variable compensation and Affiliate key employee distributions, which represent Affiliate earnings shared with Affiliate key employees.
To reflect the Reorganization which took place at the time of the Offering, the Company has excluded:
i.
notional corporate cost allocations which are non-cash expenses that will not recur following the Offering;
ii.
interest expense historically paid to the Parent, as the related debt was restructured in connection with the Offering and thereafter has been eliminated from the Company's consolidated results; and
iii.
historic mark-to-market co-investment gains and losses, because these investments and ongoing returns thereon have been allocated wholly to OMGUK.
The Company also makes the following adjustments to U.S. GAAP results to more closely reflect the economic results of the Company:
iv.
It excludes non-cash expenses representing changes in the value of Affiliate equity and profit interests held by Affiliate key employees. These ownerships interests may in certain circumstances be repurchased by OMUS at a value based on a pre-determined fixed multiple of trailing earnings and as such this value is carried on the Company's balance sheet as a liability. Non-cash movements in the value of this liability are treated as compensation expense under U.S. GAAP. However, any equity or profit interests repurchased by OMUS can be used to fund a portion of future variable compensation awards, resulting in savings in cash variable compensation that offset the negative cash effect of repurchasing the equity. The Company's Affiliate equity and profit interest plans have been designed to ensure OMUS is never required to repurchase more equity than it can reasonably recycle through variable compensation awards in any given twelve month period. OMUS may also choose to retain repurchased Affiliate equity or profit interests, entitling us to an additional share of future Affiliate earnings that represents an unrecognized economic asset to the Company.
v.
It excludes non-cash amortization or impairment expenses related to acquired goodwill and other intangibles as these are non-cash charges that do not result in an outflow of tangible economic benefits from the business.
vi.
It excludes capital transaction costs, including the costs of raising debt or equity, gains or losses realized as a result of redeeming debt or equity and direct incremental costs associated with acquisitions of businesses or assets.
vii.
It excludes the results of discontinued operations attributable to controlling interests since they are not part of the Company's ongoing business, and restructuring costs incurred in continuing operations which represent an exit from a distinct product or line of business.
viii.
It excludes deferred tax resulting from changes in tax law and expiration of statutes, adjustments for uncertain tax positions, deferred tax attributable to intangible assets and other unusual items not related to current operating results to reflect ENI tax normalization.
The Company also adjusts its income tax expense to reflect any tax impact of our ENI adjustments.
In the second quarter of 2015, the Company recorded a non-recurring performance fee of $11.4 million, net of associated expenses and taxes. While all performance fees fall within the Company's definition of economic net income, it is believed that the unique characteristics of this fee, including its size and the extraordinary investment performance of the underlying product, make it unrepresentative of the Company's recurring economics. Therefore economic net income has been presented with this non-recurring performance fee excluded from revenue and expenses. It is presented on a net basis after economic net income before non-recurring performance fee.
The following table reconciles net income attributable to controlling interests to economic net income for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013:
 
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
U.S. GAAP net income attributable to controlling interests
155.5

 
51.7

 
25.7

Adjustments related to restructuring and reorganization actions undertaken in connection with our initial public offering:
 
 
 

 
 

i
Non-cash notional parent corporate cost allocation

 
3.4

 
3.3

ii
Intercompany interest expense

 
49.8

 
72.2

iii
Co-investment (gain)

 
(2.6
)
 
(3.0
)
Adjustments to reflect our economic earnings:
 
 
 

 
 

iv
Non-cash key employee-owned equity and profit interest revaluations
18.2

 
83.0
*
 
47.7

v
Amortization and impairment of goodwill and acquired intangible assets
0.2

 
0.1

 
0.1

vi
Capital transaction costs
2.3

 

 

vii
Discontinued operations attributable to controlling interests and restructuring
(0.2
)
 
5.8

 
(6.3
)
viii
ENI tax normalization
(6.3
)
 
(6.7
)
 
1.2

Tax effect of above adjustments**
(8.6
)
 
(33.2
)
 
(18.0
)
Economic net income (including the non-recurring performance fee)
161.1

 
151.3

 
122.9

Non-recurring performance fee, net***
(11.4
)
 

 

Economic net income, excluding the non-recurring performance fee
$
149.7

 
$
151.3

 
$
122.9


 
 
*     Includes $31.6 million related to the purchase of additional ownership interests in an Affiliate.
**     Reflects the sum of line items iii, iv, v, vi and the restructuring portion of line item vii taxed at the 40.2% U.S. statutory rate (including state tax). The restructuring portion of line item vii amounted to $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, $2.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 and $0.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2013.
***    In the second quarter of 2015, the Company recorded a non-recurring gross performance fee of $48.1 million.  The $11.4 million represents the net amount accruing to OMAM after Affiliate contractual variable compensation, other directly related expenses, and the tax effect of the non-recurring performance fee calculated using a 40.2% tax rate.
Other segmental information is provided as follows for the years ended December 31, (in millions):

ENI Revenue
The following table reconciles U.S. GAAP revenue to ENI revenue for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013:
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
U.S. GAAP revenue
$
699.3

 
$
1,056.3

 
$
928.6

Include investment return on equity-accounted Affiliates
12.7

 
9.6

 
7.7

Exclude non-recurring performance fee
(48.1
)
 

 

Exclude revenue from consolidated Funds attributable to non-controlling interests

 
(430.5
)
 
(408.8
)
ENI revenue
$
663.9

 
$
635.4

 
$
527.5


ENI Operating Expenses
As shown in the following reconciliation, the Company excludes the impact of key employee equity revaluations. Variable compensation and Affiliate key employee distributions are segregated out of U.S. GAAP operating expense in order to align with the manner in which these items are contractually calculated at the Affiliate level.

The following table reconciles U.S. GAAP operating expense to ENI operating expense for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013:
 
Years ended December 31,
($ in millions)
2015
 
2014
 
2013
U.S. GAAP operating expense
$
508.1

 
$
1,123.5

 
$
1,028.1

Less: items excluded from economic net income
 
 
 
 
 
Affiliate key employee equity revaluations
(18.5
)
 
(83.0
)
 
(47.7
)
Amortization of acquired intangible assets
(0.2
)
 
(0.1
)
 
(0.1
)
Pre-IPO non-cash notional Parent corporate cost allocation

 
(3.4
)
 
(3.3
)
Other items excluded from ENI(1)
(4.4
)
 
(2.2
)
 
0.1

Funds' operating expenses

 
(604.0
)
 
(602.1
)
Less: items segregated out of U.S. GAAP operating expense
 
 
 
 
 
Variable compensation(2)
(201.0
)
 
(169.8
)
 
(153.8
)
Affiliate key employee distributions
(38.8
)
 
(40.1
)
 
(28.4
)
ENI operating expense
$
245.2

 
$
220.9

 
$
192.8

 
 
(1)
Other items include capital transaction costs, restructuring expenses, and expenses (excluding variable compensation) associated with the non-recurring performance fee in 2015.
(2)
For the year ended December 31, 2015, $174.0 million of variable compensation expense (of the $201.0 million above) is included within economic net income, which excludes the revenue and the variable compensation attributable to the non-recurring performance fee.
As of each of December 31, 2015, and 2014, all of the Company's material long-lived assets were domiciled in the United States. For each of the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, 100% of the Company's revenue from external customers was attributed to the United States.
Selected Quarterly Financial Data
Selected Quarterly Financial Data
The following is a summary of the quarterly results of operations of the Company for the years ended December 31, ($ in millions, unless otherwise noted):
 
2015
 
First Quarter
 
Second Quarter
 
Third Quarter
 
Fourth Quarter
Revenue
$
160.6

 
$
213.5

 
$
161.8

 
$
163.4

Operating income
44.4

 
62.9

 
43.0

 
40.9

Income from continuing operations before income taxes
46.2

 
64.7

 
46.7

 
43.7

Net income
34.2

 
49.4

 
35.0

 
36.9

Net income attributable to controlling interests
34.2

 
49.4

 
35.0

 
36.9

Basic earnings per share ($)
$
0.28

 
$
0.41

 
$
0.29

 
$
0.31

Diluted earnings per share ($)
$
0.28

 
$
0.41

 
$
0.29

 
$
0.30

Basic shares outstanding (in millions)*
120.0

 
120.0

 
120.0

 
120.0

Diluted shares outstanding (in millions)*
120.4

 
120.5

 
120.5

 
120.6

 
2014
 
First Quarter
 
Second Quarter
 
Third Quarter
 
Fourth Quarter
Revenue
$
269.4

 
$
260.3

 
$
260.0

 
$
266.5

Operating income (loss)
5.6

 
(45.6
)
 
(18.2
)
 
(9.1
)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
8.4

 
(44.1
)
 
(15.7
)
 
19.2

Net income (loss)
4.1

 
(55.6
)
 
(8.4
)
 
16.1

Net income (loss) attributable to controlling interests
10.3

 
8.8

 
(1.7
)
 
34.3

Basic earnings (loss) per share ($)
$
0.09

 
$
0.07

 
$
(0.01
)
 
$
0.28

Diluted earnings (loss) per share ($)
$
0.09

 
$
0.07

 
$
(0.01
)
 
$
0.28

Basic shares outstanding (in millions)*
120.0

 
120.0

 
120.0

 
120.0

Diluted shares outstanding (in millions)*
120.0

 
120.0

 
120.0

 
120.0

 
 
* Reflects pro forma shares outstanding in prior periods
Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
Basis of presentation
These Consolidated Financial Statements reflect the historical balance sheets; statements of operations; statements of comprehensive income; statements of changes in shareholders' equity; and statements of cash flows of the Company. On October 15, 2014, the Company completed the Offering by its Parent of 22,000,000 ordinary shares of the Company pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Additionally, the underwriters in the Offering exercised a portion of their overallotment option and purchased an additional 2,231,375 shares of the Company from the Parent. On June 22, 2015, the Company completed a secondary public offering by its Parent of 15,295,000 ordinary shares including the full overallotment option.  At December 31, 2015, the Company's Parent owned 65.8% of the Company's outstanding ordinary shares.
Within these Consolidated Financial Statements, entities that are part of the Parent's consolidated results, but are not part of OMAM, as defined above, are referred to as "related parties." These historical Consolidated Financial Statements prepared prior to the Offering use the Parent's historical basis in determining the assets and liabilities and the results of the Company. The financial information included herein may not reflect the consolidated financial position, operating results, changes in the Parent's equity investment and cash flows of the Company in the future, and does not reflect what they would have been had the Company been a separate, stand-alone entity for the entirety of the periods presented.
The Company historically utilized the services of the Parent for certain functions. These services included providing working capital, as well as certain finance, internal audit, insurance, human resources, investor relations, risk, governance and other corporate functions and projects. The cost of these services was allocated to the Company and included in the Consolidated Financial Statements. The allocations were determined on the basis which the Parent and the Company considered to be reasonable reflections of the utilization of services provided by the Parent. Subsequent to the Offering, the Company assumed responsibility for the costs of these functions.
The Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("U.S. GAAP"). All dollar amounts, except per share data in the text and tables herein, are stated in millions unless otherwise indicated. Transactions between the Company and the Parent are included in the Consolidated Financial Statements, however material intercompany balances and transactions among the Company, its consolidated Affiliates and consolidated Funds are eliminated in consolidation.
Consolidation
Affiliates
The Company evaluates each of its Affiliate and other operating entities to determine the appropriate method of accounting. Generally, majority-owned entities or otherwise controlled investments in which the Company holds a controlling financial interest as the principal shareholder, managing member, or general partner are consolidated.
Funds
In evaluating whether or not a legal entity must be consolidated, the Company determines if such entity is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) or a voting interest entity (“VOE”). A VOE is considered an entity in which (i) the total equity investment at risk is sufficient to enable the entity to finance its activities independently and (ii) the equity holders at risk have the obligation to absorb losses, the right to receive residual returns, and the right to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance. A VIE is an entity that lacks one or more of the characteristics of a VOE. Assessing whether an entity is a VIE or VOE involves judgment and analysis. Factors considered in this assessment include the entity’s legal organization, the entity’s capital structure and equity ownership and any related party or de facto agent implications of the Company’s involvement with the entity. Investments that are determined to be VIEs are consolidated if the Company or a consolidated Affiliate is the primary beneficiary of the investment. VOEs are typically consolidated if the Company holds the majority voting interest or otherwise controls the entity.
In the normal course of business, the Company’s Affiliates sponsor and manage certain investment vehicles (the “Funds”). The Company assesses consolidation requirements with respect to its Funds pursuant to Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 810, Consolidation, as amended by Accounting Standards Update 2015-02, Consolidation: Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis ("ASU 2015-02") relating to the consolidation of VIEs.
Prior to the adoption of ASU 2015-02, substantially all of the Funds managed by the Company qualified for the deferral granted under ASU 2010-10, "Amendments for Certain Investment Funds". As such, the Company evaluated these Funds for consolidation pursuant to former guidance in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Interpretation No. 46(R), Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities. These Funds have typically been owned entirely by third-party investors, however certain Funds are capitalized with seed capital investments from the Company or its related parties and may be owned partially by Affiliate key employees and/or individuals that own minority interests in an Affiliate.
In adopting ASU 2015-02, the Company re-evaluated all of its Affiliates' Funds for consolidation. All Funds consolidated prior to January 1, 2015 pursuant to consolidation guidance superseded by ASU 2015-02 were de-consolidated as of January 1, 2015. The Company elected to implement ASU 2015-02 using the modified retrospective method, which resulted in an effective date of adoption of January 1, 2015 and did not require the restatement of prior period results.
In evaluating whether the Company is the primary beneficiary, the Company evaluates its economic interests in the entity held either directly by the Company or indirectly through related parties. For VIEs that are investment companies subject to ASU 2010-10, the primary beneficiary of the VIE is generally the variable interest holder that absorbs a majority of the expected losses of the VIE, receives a majority of the expected residual returns of the VIE, or both. The Company generally is not the primary beneficiary of Fund VIEs created to manage assets for clients unless the Company’s ownership interest, including interests of related parties, is substantial.
The primary beneficiary of a VIE is defined as the variable interest holder that has a controlling financial interest. A controlling financial interest is defined as (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impacts its economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the entity or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. If no single party satisfies both criteria, but the Company and its related parties satisfy the criteria on a combined basis, then the primary beneficiary is the entity out of the related party group that is most closely associated to the VIE. The consolidation analysis can generally be performed qualitatively, however, if it is not readily apparent that the Company is not the primary beneficiary, a quantitative analysis may also be performed.
The Company consolidates VOEs when it has control over significant operating, financial and investing decisions of the entity or holds the majority voting interest. For VOEs organized as limited partnerships or as an entity with governance structures similar to a limited partnership (e.g., limited liability company with a managing member), the Company consolidates an entity when it holds the controlling general partnership interest and the limited partners do not hold substantive participating rights or rights to remove and replace the general partner or rights that could provide the limited partners with the ability to impact the ongoing governance and operating activities of the entity.
Other than Funds holding investments in timber assets (the “Timber Funds”), the Company’s consolidated Funds are investment companies (the “Investment Funds”) and the Company has therefore retained their specialized investment company accounting in consolidation, pursuant to ASC 946, “Financial Services—Investment Companies.”
Upon the occurrence of certain events (such as contributions and redemptions, either by the Company, its Affiliates, or third parties, or amendments to the governing documents of the Company’s investees or sponsored Funds) management reviews and reconsiders its previous conclusion regarding the status of an entity as a VIE or a VOE. Additionally, management continually reconsiders whether the Company is deemed to be a VIE’s primary beneficiary who consolidates such entity. As of December 31, 2015, there were no Funds which were consolidated pursuant to ASU 2015-02.
Timber Funds
Timber assets and timber lease rights of consolidated Timber Funds are stated at historical cost less depletion for timber previously harvested and less accumulated amortization and depreciation for lease rights and roads. Timber investment values are adjusted for capital additions made to the property subsequent to the valuation date. All initial silviculture costs, including site preparation and planting costs are capitalized as stand establishment costs. Stand establishment costs are transferred to a merchantable timber classification as trees reach a certain size. Generally, costs incurred subsequent to two years after planting, such as fertilization, vegetation, insect control and pre-commercial thinning are considered to be maintenance and are expensed as incurred.
The Company estimates its timber inventory using statistical information and data obtained from physical measurements, site maps, photo-types and other information gathering techniques. These estimates are updated annually and may result in adjustments of timber volumes, including timber growth rates and depletion rates.
Depletion consists of costs attributed to harvesting timber and is recorded as an expense as timber is harvested. The depletion rate applied to the volume of timber sold is adjusted annually and is based on the relationship of incurred costs in the merchantable timber classification to estimated current merchantable volume.
Prior to the adoption of ASU 2015-02, the Company's Timber Funds did not qualify for the deferral under ASU 2010-10. Following the adoption of ASU 2015-02, Timber Funds and Investment Funds are evaluated pursuant to the same revised consolidation guidance. All of the Company's Timber Funds that were previously consolidated were de-consolidated on January 1, 2015 upon the adoption of ASU 2015-02 utilizing the modified retrospective method.
Derivatives and Hedging
The Company may utilize derivative financial instruments to hedge the risk of movement of interest rates and foreign currency on financial assets and liabilities. These derivative financial instruments may or may not qualify as hedges for accounting purposes. The Company records all derivative financial instruments as either assets or liabilities on its Consolidated Balance Sheets and measures these instruments at fair value. For a derivative financial instrument that qualifies as a hedge for accounting purposes and is designated as a hedging instrument, the effective portion of the derivative’s gain or loss is initially reported as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) and subsequently reclassified into earnings over the life of the hedge. The ineffective portion of the gain or loss is reported in earnings immediately.
Use of estimates
The preparation of these Consolidated Financial Statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.
Operating segment
The Company operates in one operating segment that provides investment management services and products primarily to institutional clients. Although the Company does make certain disclosures regarding assets under management by product and affiliate, the Company's determination that it operates one business segment is based on the fact that the Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") reviews the Company's financial performance on an aggregate level.
Cash and cash equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments, including money market mutual funds, with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are stated at cost, which approximates market value due to the short-term maturity of these investments. Cash held by consolidated Funds is not available to fund general liquidity needs of the Company.
Restricted cash in Timber Funds consists primarily of deposits in time deposit accounts, earning interest at LIBOR + a margin, which are restricted to payment of certain notes payable of consolidated Funds of the Company (also see Note 13). Restricted cash of the consolidated Timber Funds may only be drawn upon to meet debt service payments (corrective coverage payments) or to pay certain Fund operating expenses through December 31, 2014. During the period thereafter, the restricted reserve balance may only be drawn upon for principal payments.
Fair value measurements
In accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurement" ("ASC 820"), fair value is the price that the Company expects to be paid upon the sale of an asset or expects to pay upon the transfer of a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. Pursuant to ASC 820, there is a three-level hierarchy for fair value measurements based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability. Inputs may be observable or unobservable and refer broadly to the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Observable inputs reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from independent sources. Unobservable inputs reflect the Company's own conclusions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best information available in the circumstances. Each investment is assigned a level based upon the observability of the inputs which are significant to the overall valuation. Assets and liabilities measured and reported at fair value are classified and disclosed in one of the following categories:
Level I—Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical investments as of the reporting date. The type of investments included in Level I include listed equities and listed derivatives. As required by U.S. GAAP, the Company does not adjust the quoted price for these investments.
Level II—Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date, and fair value is determined through the use of models or other valuation methodologies utilizing observable market inputs other than quoted prices. Investments which are generally included in this category include corporate bonds and loans, less liquid and restricted equity securities and certain over-the-counter derivatives.
Level III—Pricing inputs are unobservable for the asset or liability and include assets and liabilities where there is little, if any, market activity for the investment. The inputs into the determination of fair value require significant management judgment or estimation. Investments that are included in this category generally include general and limited partner interests in corporate private equity, real estate funds, and funds of hedge funds.
In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, an investment's level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company's assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the investment. The Company has adopted the provisions of Accounting Standards Update 2015-07, "Fair Value Measurement" ("ASU 2015-07") where, in cases in which the fair value of an investment is established using the net asset value (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient, the investment will no longer be categorized within the fair value hierarchy.
Investments and Investment Transactions
Valuation of investments held at fair value
Valuation of Fund investments is evaluated pursuant to the fair value methodology discussed above. The Company's discretionary investments are categorized as trading and held at estimated fair value. Realized and unrealized gains and losses arising from changes in fair value of discretionary investments are reported within investment income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. See Note 4 for a summary of the fair value inputs utilized to determine the fair value of other discretionary investments held at fair value.
Security transactions
The Investment Funds generally record securities transactions on a trade-date basis. Realized gains and losses on securities transactions are generally determined on the average-cost method (net of foreign capital gain taxes) and for certain transactions determined based on the specific identification method.
Income and expense recognition
The Investment Funds record interest income on an accrual basis and include amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts. Dividend income and expense on dividends sold short are recorded on the ex-dividend date, net of applicable withholding taxes. Expenses are recorded on an accrual basis.
Foreign currency translation
The books and records of the Company and its Affiliates are maintained in U.S. dollars. Except for one Timber Fund in Australia consolidated prior to 2015, the books and records of consolidated Funds are maintained in U.S. dollars. Investment securities and other assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency are translated into U.S. dollars on the date of valuation. Income and expense transactions denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars using the average exchange rate over the period presented. The portion of realized or unrealized gains and losses resulting from changes in foreign exchange rates and from fluctuations arising from changes in the market prices of the underlying securities are included in the net realized and unrealized gain and loss on investments on the consolidated statement of operations. Net realized and unrealized gains and losses on foreign currency transactions represent net foreign exchange gains or losses from forward foreign currency exchange contracts, disposition of foreign currencies, currency gains or losses between the trade and settlement date on security transactions, and the difference between the amount of the investment income and foreign withholding taxes recorded on the Funds' books and the U.S. dollar equivalent amounts actually received or paid.
Short sales
Certain Investment Funds may sell a security they do not own in anticipation of a decline in the fair value of that security. When a Fund sells a security short, it must borrow the security sold short and deliver it to the broker-dealer through which it made the short sale. The short sales are secured by the long portfolio and available cash. The Fund records a gain, limited to the price at which the Fund sold the security short, or a loss, unlimited in size, upon the termination of a short sale. The amount of the gain or loss will be equal to the proceeds received in entering into the short sale less the cost of buying back the short security to close the short position. While the transaction is open, the Fund will incur an expense for any accrued dividends or interest which is paid to the lender of the securities. These short sales may involve a level of risk in excess of the liability recognized in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. The extent of such risk cannot be quantified.
Funds' Derivatives
Certain Funds use derivative instruments. However, there is minimal risk to the Company in relation to the derivative assets and liabilities of the Funds in excess of its investment in the respective Funds holding the investment. The Funds' derivative instruments include foreign currency exchange contracts, credit default swaps, interest rate swaps, financial futures contracts and warrants. The fair values of derivative instruments are recorded as other assets of consolidated Funds or other liabilities of consolidated Funds on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company has used foreign exchange forwards to hedge the risk of movement in exchange rates on financial assets on a limited basis.
The Company's Funds have not designated any financial instruments for hedge accounting, as defined in the accounting literature, during the periods presented. The gains or losses on Fund's derivative instruments not designated for hedge accounting are included as net consolidated Funds gains or losses in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Equity method investments
The Company uses the equity method of accounting for investments that provide the Company with the ability to exercise significant influence over an entity, but that do not meet the requirements for consolidation. Equity method investments include two Affiliates, Heitman LLC and Investment Counselors of Maryland, LLC as well as all unconsolidated Funds over which the Company exercises significant influence. The Company's share of earnings (losses) from equity method investments is included in investment income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The carrying amounts of equity method investments are reflected in Investments in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company evaluates its equity method investments for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of such investments may not be recoverable. The difference between the carrying value and its estimated fair value is recognized as impairment when the loss is deemed other than temporary. Other investments, in which OMAM or an Affiliate do not exercise significant influence are accounted for under the cost method. Under the cost method, income is recognized as dividends are declared.
Revenue recognition
The Company's consolidated revenue primarily represents management fees billed monthly, quarterly and annually by Affiliates for managing the assets of clients. Asset-based management fees are recognized monthly as services are rendered and are primarily based upon a percentage of the market value of client assets managed. Affiliates that manage tangible property may also earn transaction fees at the time the underlying property is bought and sold. Any fees collected in advance are deferred and recognized as income over the period earned. Dividend income received by Investment Funds is recorded on the ex-dividend date. Performance fees are generally assessed as a percentage of the investment performance realized on a client's account. Performance fees, including those that are subject to clawback are recognized when they (i) become billable to customers (based on contractual terms of agreements), (ii) are not subject to contingent repayment and (iii) when collection is reasonably assured. Other income and revenues include interest income on cash and cash equivalents of Investment Funds and the Company's share of earnings from joint venture partners.
Timber Funds' revenue is recognized from log and fiber sales upon delivery to the customer. The Company is typically responsible for all logging and hauling costs. However, under pay-as-cut timber contracts, title and risk of loss from stumpage sales transfer to the buyer as the trees are cut. Revenue is recognized as timber is harvested. The buyer is typically responsible for all logging and hauling costs.
Investment advisory fees receivable
The Company earns management and performance fees which are billed monthly, quarterly and annually in arrears, according to the terms of the relevant investment management agreement. Management and performance fees that have been earned, but have not yet been collected are presented as Investment advisory fees receivable on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Due to the short-term nature and liquidity of these receivables, the carrying amounts approximate their fair values. The Company typically does not record an allowance for doubtful accounts or bad debt expense, or any amounts recorded have been immaterial.
Allocated Costs from the Parent
The Company's Parent provides the Company with various services, including governance through the board of directors and executive committees, investor relations, procurement of insurance coverage, human resources, financial reporting, internal audit, treasury, systems, risk and tax services. Some of these services are directly attributable to the Company and some are of a more general nature. The costs associated with the services which are (i) directly attributable to the Company, (ii) have been charged directly to the Company by the Company's Parent, and (iii) have been paid to the Company's Parent by the Company have been reflected in the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements. During the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the amount of expenses charged directly to the Company from the Company's Parent were $1.8 million, $2.1 million and $2.0 million, respectively.
With respect to the above services and benefits which are not directly attributable to the Company, costs were allocated to the Company and included in the Consolidated Financial Statements, based generally on the Company's proportion of the total Parent's consolidated, normalized revenues. Subsequent to the Offering (see Note 1), these general costs are no longer allocated and if required are borne directly by the Company. During the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, costs allocated to the Company from Parent were $0.0 million, $3.4 million and $3.3 million, respectively.
These cost allocations were determined using a method that the Parent and the Company considered reasonably reflected the costs of such services attributable to the Company provided by the Parent. The Company believes the assumptions and allocations underlying the Consolidated Financial Statements are reasonable and the allocated amounts are representative of the amounts that would have been recorded in the Consolidated Financial Statements had the Company operated independent of the Parent for the historical periods presented prior to the Offering. A more detailed discussion of the relationship with the Parent, including a description of the costs that have been allocated to the Company, as well as the allocation methods, is included in Note 10, "Related Party Transactions."
Property and equipment
Property and equipment are recorded at historical cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over its estimated useful lives. The estimated useful lives of office equipment and furniture and fixtures range from three to five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the remaining term of the lease. Computer software developed or obtained for internal use is amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the software, which is generally three years or less. The costs of improvements that extend the life of a fixed asset are capitalized, while the costs of repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred.
Intangible assets
Acquired Affiliates have identifiable intangible assets arising from contractual or other legal rights with their clients. In determining the value of acquired intangibles, the Company analyzes the net present value of each acquired Affiliate's existing client relationships based on a number of factors. The Company analyzes the Affiliate's historical and potential future operating performance, the Affiliate's historical and potential future rates of attrition among existing clients, the stability and longevity of existing client relationships, the Affiliate's recent and long-term investment performance, the characteristics of the firm's products and investment styles, the stability and depth of the Affiliate's management team and the Affiliate's history and perceived franchise or brand value. The Company's acquired intangible assets are predominately definite-life intangible assets and are generally amortized on a straight line basis over their estimated useful lives, ranging from five to sixteen years, reflecting the expected duration of such relationships. The Company does not hold any indefinite-life intangible assets other than goodwill.
The Company tests for the possible impairment of acquired intangibles whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset is not recoverable. If such indicators exist, the Company compares the undiscounted cash flows related to the asset to the carrying value of the asset. If the carrying value is greater than the undiscounted cash flow amount, an impairment charge is recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for amounts necessary to reduce the carrying value of the asset to fair value. Intangible assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of carrying value or fair value less cost to sell.
Goodwill
The Company records goodwill when the consideration paid in a business acquisition exceeds the fair value of the net total of tangible assets acquired, identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Goodwill is not amortized, but rather is tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events or circumstances occur that indicate impairment may exist. Factors that could trigger an impairment review include significant underperformance relative to historical or projected future operating results, significant changes in the Company's use of the acquired assets in a business combination or the strategy for the Company's overall business, and significant negative industry or economic trends.
The Company performs its assessment for impairment of goodwill during the fourth quarter annually as of September 30, or as necessary, and the Company has determined that it has five reporting units, consisting of the five consolidated Affiliates. The Company first considers various qualitative factors to determine if it is more likely than not that the fair value of each of the reporting units is greater than its respective carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value of any reporting unit declines below its respective carrying amount, therefore indicating that impairment may exist, the impact would be determined at that point. For purposes of assessing potential impairment, the fair value of the reporting unit is estimated and compared to the carrying value of the reporting unit. The fair value of a reporting unit is based on discounted estimated future cash flows. The assumptions used to estimate fair value include management's estimates of future growth rates, operating cash flows, discount rates and terminal value. These assumptions and estimates can change in future periods based on market movement and factors impacting the expected business performance. Changes in assumptions or estimates could materially affect the determination of the fair value of a reporting unit. If it is determined that the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the Company determines the implied fair value of the goodwill in the same manner used to determine the amount of goodwill in a business combination. If the carrying value of goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of the goodwill, an impairment charge is recognized in the amount equal to that excess. Based on the Company's most recent annual goodwill impairment test, the fair value of all its reporting units were in excess of their carrying value.
Leases
The Company and its Affiliates currently lease office space and equipment under various leasing arrangements, classified as operating leases. Some lease agreements contain renewal options, rent escalation clauses or other inducements provided by the landlord. Rent expense is accrued to recognize lease escalation provisions and inducements provided by the landlord, if any, on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Earnings per share
The Company calculates basic and diluted earnings per share ("EPS") by dividing net income for the year ended December 31, 2015 by its shares outstanding as outlined below. For 2014 and periods prior to the Offering (described in Note 1), the Company is calculating pro forma basic and fully diluted EPS based upon 120 million pro forma shares, the number of shares outstanding following the Reorganization described in Note 1.
Basic EPS attributable to the Company's common shareholders is calculated by dividing "Net income attributable to controlling interests" by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding. Diluted EPS is similar to basic EPS, but adjusts for the effect of potential common shares unless they are antidilutive. For periods with a net loss, potential common shares are considered antidilutive.
The Company considers two ways to measure dilution to earnings per share: (a) calculate the net number of shares that would be issued assuming any related proceeds are used to buy back outstanding shares (the treasury stock method), or (b) assume the gross number of shares are issued and calculate any related effects on net income available for shareholders (the if-converted or two-class method). As appropriate, the Company's policy is to apply the more dilutive methodology upon issuance of such instruments.
Compensation arrangements
The Company operates short term variable compensation arrangements where generally, a percentage of each Affiliate's annual pre-variable compensation earnings, as defined in each arrangement, is allocated to a "pool" of each respective Affiliate's key employees, and subsequently distributed to individuals subject to recommendation and approval of a Remuneration Committee comprised of both the Company's and each respective Affiliate's management. Variable compensation expense is accrued and recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as services are provided by individual employees. Variable compensation allocated to the "pools" of Affiliate key employees under the terms of the plans, where distribution has not yet been approved by the Remuneration Committee, is not recognized until the required service has been performed and the award is communicated to the individual.
The Company operates longer term profit-interest plans whereby certain Affiliate key employees are granted (or have a right to purchase) awards representing a profits interest in their respective Affiliate, as distinct from an equity interest due to the lack of pari passu voting rights. Under these plans, the Company may award a portion of the aforementioned variable compensation arrangement through issuance of a profits interest in the Affiliate. The awards generally have a three to five year vesting period from the grant date, and the service period begins at the commencement of the financial period to which the variable compensation relates. Under these plans, Affiliate key employees are eligible to share in the profits of their respective Affiliates based on their respective percentage interest held.
In addition, under certain circumstances, Affiliate key employees are eligible to receive a series of repurchase payments upon exiting the plans based on a multiple of the last twelve months profits of their respective Affiliate, as defined. Profits allocated and movements in the potential repurchase value, determined based on a fixed multiple times trailing twelve month profits, as defined, are recognized as compensation expense. Profit interests compensation liabilities are re-measured at each reporting date at the current trailing twelve month earnings multiple, with movements treated as compensation expense in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Share-based compensation plans
The Company recognizes the cost of all share-based payments to directors, senior management and employees, including grants of restricted stock and stock options of its Parent and its Affiliates, as compensation expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations over the respective vesting periods.
Awards made previously under the Parent's restricted stock and stock options plans are accounted for as equity settled, and the grant date fair value is recognized as compensation expense over the requisite service period, with a corresponding contribution to capital recorded. Options granted are measured at fair value using a standard option pricing valuation model. The valuation is consistent with generally accepted valuation methodologies for pricing financial instruments and incorporates all factors and assumptions that knowledgeable, willing market participants would consider in setting the price of the options.
In connection with the Offering, certain unvested restricted shares of the Parent were exchanged for unvested restricted shares of the Company. Awards made under the Company's equity plans are accounted for as equity settled, and the grant date fair value is recognized as compensation expense over the requisite service period, with a corresponding contribution to capital recorded. Valuation of restricted stock awards ("RSAs") and restricted stock units ("RSUs") is determined based on the Company's closing share price as quoted on the New York Stock Exchange on the measurement date. For performance-based RSUs, a Monte-Carlo simulation model is used to determine the fair value. Key inputs for the model include: expected dividend yield, risk-free interest rate and expected volatility.
Awards of equity made to Affiliate key employees are accounted for as cash settled, with the fair value recognized as compensation expense over the requisite service period, with a corresponding liability carried within other long term liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet until the award is settled by the Company. The fair value of the liability is based on the expected cash to be paid, as determined according to trailing twelve months earnings multiples prescribed by each arrangement. The liability is revalued at each reporting period, with any movements recorded within compensation expense.
Deferred financing costs
The Company capitalizes certain legal, accounting and other third-party fees that are directly associated with in-process equity financings as other assets until such financings are consummated. After consummation of the equity financing, these costs are recorded in total equity as a reduction of Shareholders' equity generated as a result of the offering. At the time in which the equity financing is no longer considered probable of being consummated, the deferred financing costs are expensed immediately as a charge to operating expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.
Income taxes
The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes on a "separate return" basis. Under this method, a subsidiary is assumed to file a separate return with the taxing authority, thereby reporting its taxable income or loss and paying the applicable tax to or receiving the appropriate refund from the parent. The rules followed by the subsidiary in computing its tax or refund should be the same as those followed by a taxpayer filing directly with the taxing authority.
The Company files tax returns directly with the U.K., U.S. and state tax authorities and therefore, the computations under the separate return method follow the Company's filings.
Deferred income taxes are recognized for the effects of temporary differences between the tax basis of an asset or liability and its reported amount in the Consolidated Financial Statements. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company's deferred tax assets have been attributable to federal and state loss carry forwards, interest deductions, and accrued liabilities.
Deferred income tax assets are subject to a valuation allowance if, in management's opinion, it is not more-likely-than-not that these benefits will be realized. In evaluating the Company's ability to recover its deferred tax assets, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence including its past operating results, the existence of cumulative earnings or losses in the most recent years and its forecast of future taxable income. In estimating future taxable income, the Company develops assumptions including the amount of future pre-tax operating income and the reversal of temporary differences. These assumptions require significant judgment about the forecasts of future taxable income and are consistent with the plans and estimates the Company is using to manage the underlying businesses.
A tax benefit should only be recognized if it is more-likely-than-not that the position will be sustained based on its technical merits. The Company recognizes the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after considering the probability that a tax authority would uphold the position in an examination. For tax positions meeting a "more-likely-than-not" threshold, the amount recognized in the financial statements is the largest amount of benefit greater than 50% likely of being sustained. The more-likely-than-not threshold must continue to be met in each reporting period to support continued recognition of the benefit. Unrecognized tax benefits and related interest and penalties, are adjusted periodically to reflect changing facts and circumstances. The Company's accounting policy is to classify interest and related charges as a component of income tax expense.
Non-controlling interests
Non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds on the Consolidated Balance Sheets include undistributed income owned by the investors in the respective Funds. The Company's consolidated net income on the Consolidated Statements of Operations includes the income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest holders of these consolidated entities. Ownership interests held by Affiliate key employees are categorized as liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are revalued each reporting date, with movements treated as compensation expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Redeemable non-controlling interests
The Company includes redeemable non-controlling interests related to certain consolidated Funds as temporary equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Non-controlling interests in certain consolidated Funds are subject to monthly or quarterly redemption by the investors. When redeemable amounts become legally payable to investors, they are classified as a liability and included in other liabilities of consolidated Funds on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Other comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances, excluding those resulting from investments by and distributions to owners. For the Company's purposes, comprehensive income (loss) represents net income (loss), as presented in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations, adjusted for net foreign currency translation adjustments and adjustments to the valuation of certain derivative securities, net of tax.
Restructuring costs
A liability for restructuring is recognized only after management has developed a formal plan, approved by the Board of Directors, to which it has committed. The costs included in a restructuring liability are those costs that are either incremental or incurred as a direct result of the plan, or are the result of a continuing contractual obligation with no continuing economic benefit to the Company, or a penalty incurred to cancel the contractual obligation. Refer to Note 22 for details of the Company's restructuring activities.
Recent accounting developments
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-9, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. ASU 2014-9 modifies existing U.S. GAAP revenue recognition standards to more closely align with international accounting standards. Additionally, the guidance requires improved disclosures around the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue recognized. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14 which delayed the mandatory adoption date of ASU 2014-9 by one year. ASU 2014-9, as amended, will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, however companies may elect to adopt as of an annual reporting period beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company is evaluating the impact of ASU 2014-9, however it does not expect it to have a significant impact on how the Company recognizes its revenues in its Consolidated Financial Statements.
Investments (Tables)
Investments are comprised of the following at December 31 (in millions):
 
2015
 
2014
Investments by consolidated Funds in related, unconsolidated master Funds
$

 
$
23.6

Other investments of consolidated Funds attributable to non-controlling interests

 
37.0

Investments of consolidated Funds attributable to non-controlling interests held at fair value

 
60.6

Equity-accounted investments in unconsolidated Funds (Note 6)
30.1

 
34.5

Investments related to voluntary deferred compensation plans held at fair value
66.9

 
59.7

Total investments held at fair value
97.0

 
154.8

Equity-accounted investments in Affiliates (Note 6)
54.0

 
50.5

Equity-accounted investments in unconsolidated Funds, at cost (Note 6)

 
0.5

Investments in joint ventures

 
2.4

Other investments*
51.6

 
1.7

Total investments per Consolidated Balance Sheet
$
202.6

 
$
209.9

* Other investments represent cost-basis investments made by one of our Affiliates.
Investment income is comprised of the following for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Investment return of equity-accounted investments in unconsolidated Funds (Note 6)
$
0.3

 
$
1.9

 
$
2.9

Realized and unrealized gains/losses on other discretionary investments held at fair value

 
0.7

 
0.1

Total investment return on OMAM products
0.3

 
2.6

 
3.0

Investment return of equity-accounted investments in Affiliates (Note 6)
12.7

 
9.6

 
7.7

Total investment income per Consolidated Statement of Operations
$
13.0

 
$
12.2

 
$
10.7

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)
Summary of the assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis
The following table summarizes the Company's assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2015 (in millions):
 
Quoted prices
in active
markets
(Level I)
 
Significant
other
observable
inputs
(Level II)
 
Significant
unobservable
inputs
(Level III)
 
Uncategorized
 
Total value,
December 31,
2015
Assets of OMAM(1)
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 

Investment securities(2)
66.9

 

 

 

 
66.9

Investments in unconsolidated Funds(3)

 

 

 
30.1

 
30.1

Total fair value assets
$
66.9

 
$

 
$

 
$
30.1

 
$
97.0

Liabilities of OMAM(1)
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 

Derivative securities
$

 
$
(8.8
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
(8.8
)
Total fair value liabilities
$

 
$
(8.8
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
(8.8
)
The following table summarizes the Company's assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2014 (in millions):
 
Quoted prices
in active
markets
(Level I)
 
Significant
other
observable
inputs
(Level II)
 
Significant
unobservable
inputs
(Level III)
 
Uncategorized
 
Total value,
December 31,
2014
Assets of OMAM and
consolidated Funds(1)
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 

Investments owned, at fair value
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 

Common and preferred stock
$
24.8

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
24.8

Short-term investment funds
0.1

 

 

 

 
0.1

Fixed income securities
1.1

 

 

 

 
1.1

Collective investment funds

 

 

 
32.5

 
32.5

Other investments
0.3

 
1.8

 

 

 
2.1

Total investments at fair value
26.3

 
1.8

 

 
32.5

 
60.6

Restricted cash held at fair value
104.5

 

 

 

 
104.5

Consolidated Funds Total
130.8

 
1.8

 

 
32.5

 
165.1

Investment securities(2)
59.7

 

 

 

 
59.7

Investments in unconsolidated Funds(3)

 

 

 
34.5

 
34.5

OMAM Total
59.7

 

 

 
34.5

 
94.2

Total fair value assets
$
190.5

 
$
1.8

 
$

 
$
67.0

 
$
259.3

Liabilities of consolidated Funds(1)
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 

Common stock
$
(16.4
)
 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
(16.4
)
Total fair value liabilities
$
(16.4
)
 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
(16.4
)
 
 
(1)
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are comprised of financial investments managed by the Company's Affiliates. $0.0 million in assets and $0.0 million in liabilities at December 31, 2015 and $60.6 million in assets and $16.4 million in liabilities at December 31, 2014 are the result of the consolidation of Funds sponsored by the Company's Affiliates.
Of these, pursuant to ASU 2015-07, collective investment funds are multi-strategy products, uncategorized because they are redeemable monthly and valued at net asset value per share of the fund without adjustment which the Company believes represents the fair value of the investments.
The fair value of other investments is estimated based on quoted market prices, dealer quotations or alternative pricing sources supported by observable inputs and therefore classified within Level II. The Company obtains prices from independent pricing services that may utilize broker quotes, but generally the independent pricing services will use various other pricing techniques which take into account appropriate factors such as yield, quality, coupon rate, maturity, type of issue, trading characteristics and other data. The Company has not made adjustments to the prices provided. If the pricing services are only able to (a) obtain a single broker quote or (b) utilize a pricing model, such securities are classified as Level III. If the pricing services are unable to provide prices, the Company attempts to obtain one or more broker quotes directly from a dealer or values such securities at the last bid price obtained. In either case, such securities are classified as Level III. The Company performs due diligence procedures over third party pricing vendors to understand their methodology and controls to support their use in the valuation process to ensure compliance with required accounting disclosures.
Equity, short-term investment funds and derivatives which are traded on a national securities exchange are stated at the last reported sales price on the day of valuation. To the extent these securities are actively traded and valuation adjustments are not applied, they are classified as Level I. These securities that trade in markets that are not considered to be active but are valued based on quoted market prices, dealer quotations or alternative pricing sources supported by observable inputs obtained by the Company from independent pricing services are classified as Level II.
(2)
Investment securities of $66.9 million and $59.7 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, are investments in publicly registered daily redeemable funds (some managed by Affiliates), which the Company has classified as trading securities and valued using the published price as of the measurement dates. Accordingly, the Company has classified these investments as Level I.
(3)
The $30.1 million and $34.5 million at December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively, relate to investments in unconsolidated Funds which consist primarily of investments in Funds advised by Affiliates and are valued using NAV which the Company relies on to determine their fair value as a practical expedient. The Company has not classified these investments in the fair value hierarchy in accordance with ASU 2015-07. The fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to amounts presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. These unconsolidated Funds consist primarily of real estate investments funds.The NAVs that have been provided by investees have been derived from the fair values of the underlying investments as of the measurement dates.
These investments are subject to longer than monthly or quarterly redemption restrictions, and due to their nature, distributions are received only as cash flows are generated from underlying assets over the life of the Funds. The range of time over which the underlying assets are expected to be liquidated by the investees is approximately one to eight years from December 31, 2015. The valuation process for the underlying real estate investments held by the real estate investments Funds begins with each property or loan being valued by the investment teams. The valuations are then reviewed and approved by the valuation committee, which consists of senior members of the portfolio management, acquisitions, and research teams. For certain properties and loans, the valuation process may also include a valuation by independent appraisers. In connection with this process, changes in fair-value measurements from period to period are evaluated for reasonableness, considering items such as market rents, capitalization and discount rates, and general economic and market conditions.
Variable Interest Entities (Tables)
Schedule of assets and liabilities and information pertains to VIEs
The following table presents the assets and liabilities of Funds that are VIEs and consolidated by the Company at December 31 (in millions):
 
2015
 
2014
Assets
 

 
 

Investments at fair value
$

 
$
5.9

Restricted cash

 
2,487.7

Timber assets

 
4,053.2

Other assets of consolidated Funds

 
165.0

Total Assets
$

 
$
6,711.8

Liabilities
 

 
 

Borrowings
$

 
$
4,095.9

Other liabilities of consolidated Funds

 
150.8

Total Liabilities
$

 
$
4,246.7

The following information pertains to unconsolidated VIEs for which the Company holds a variable interest at December 31 (in millions):
    
 
2015
 
2014
Unconsolidated VIE assets
$
7,302.4

 
$
9,993.5

Unconsolidated VIE liabilities
$
4,189.1

 
$
1,515.0

Equity interests on the Consolidated Balance Sheet
$
10.8

 
$
75.3

Maximum risk of loss(1)
$
16.6

 
$
75.5


    
 
 

(1)
Includes equity investments the Company has made or is required to make and any earned but uncollected management/incentive fees. The Company does not record performance/incentive allocations until the respective measurement period has ended.
Equity Accounted Investees (Tables)
Summary of financial information for Affiliates and Funds accounted for under the equity method
The following tables present summarized financial information for Affiliates and Funds accounted for under the equity method (in millions):
 
For the year ended December 31, 2015
 
For the year ended December 31, 2014
Statements of Income
Heitman LLC
 
Other
 
Total
 
Heitman LLC
 
Other
 
Total
Net revenues(1)
$
128.9

 
$
213.7

 
$
342.6

 
$
227.4

 
$
89.1

 
$
316.5

Operating income
27.1

 
87.7

 
114.8

 
51.0

 
17.2

 
68.2

Other income (expense), net

 
97.8

 
97.8

 
26.1

 
(102.1
)
 
(76.0
)
Income (loss) before income taxes
27.1

 
185.5

 
212.6

 
77.1

 
(84.9
)
 
(7.8
)
Less income tax expense
0.8

 
5.1

 
5.9

 
3.0

 
1.9

 
4.9

Exclude: noncontrolling interests income (loss)

 
177.6

 
177.6

 
58.6

 
(89.8
)
 
(31.2
)
Net income attributable to controlling interests
$
26.3

 
$
2.8

 
$
29.1

 
$
15.5

 
$
3.0

 
$
18.5

OMAM equity in net income of equity method investees
$
10.2

 
$
2.8

 
$
13.0

 
$
8.5

 
$
3.0

 
$
11.5

 
For the year ended December 31, 2013
Statements of Income (cont.)
Heitman LLC
 
Other
 
Total
Net revenues(1)
$
218.3

 
$
80.1

 
$
298.4

Operating income
49.0

 
20.8

 
69.8

Other income (expense), net
172.8

 
(13.4
)
 
159.4

Income before income taxes
221.8

 
7.4

 
229.2

Less income tax expense
1.8

 
(0.4
)
 
1.4

Exclude: noncontrolling interests income
197.2

 
7.6

 
204.8

Net income attributable to controlling interests
$
22.8

 
$
0.2

 
$
23.0

OMAM equity in net income of equity method investees
$
10.4

 
$
0.2

 
$
10.6

 
As of December 31, 2015
 
As of December 31, 2014
Balance Sheets
Heitman LLC
 
Other
 
Total
 
Heitman LLC
 
Other
 
Total
Total assets
$
76.8

 
$
2,670.4

 
$
2,747.2

 
$
1,647.1

 
$
1,319.9

 
$
2,967.0

Total liabilities
39.0

 
1,026.2

 
1,065.2

 
581.1

 
552.8

 
1,133.9

Non-controlling interests in subsidiaries

 
1,612.7

 
1,612.7

 
1,014.4

 
756.9

 
1,771.3

Members' equity
$
37.8

 
$
31.5

 
$
69.3

 
$
51.6

 
$
10.2

 
$
61.8

OMAM equity investment and undistributed earnings of affiliated companies, before consolidating and reconciling adjustments
$
22.9

 
$
31.5

 
$
54.4

 
$
44.7

 
$
10.2

 
$
54.9

Consolidating and reconciling adjustments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

Goodwill attributable to equity method investment
29.7

 

 
29.7

 
30.6

 

 
30.6

OMAM investment in equity method investees at cost plus equity in undistributable earnings since acquisition
$
52.6

 
$
31.5

 
$
84.1

 
$
75.3

 
$
10.2

 
$
85.5

 
 
(1)
Net revenue includes advisory fees for asset management services and investment income, including interest and dividends from consolidated investment partnerships.
Property and Equipment and Lease Commitments (Tables)
Property and equipment consisted of the following at December 31 (in millions):
 
2015
 
2014
Leasehold improvements
$
28.5

 
$
26.7

Office equipment
21.3

 
17.5

Furniture and fixtures
6.8

 
6.6

Software and web development
21.4

 
14.3

Total property and equipment, at cost
78.0

 
65.1

Accumulated depreciation and amortization
(47.3
)
 
(41.0
)
Property and equipment, net
$
30.7

 
$
24.1

Timber and timberlands consisted of the following at December 31 (in millions):
 
2015
 
2014
Timber
$

 
$
2,813.7

Timberlands

 
1,880.5

Timber lease rights

 
198.8

Other(1)

 
27.1

Total timber and timberlands, at cost

 
4,920.1

Accumulated depletion on timber

 
(866.0
)
Accumulated amortization

 
(0.9
)
Timber and timberlands, net
$

 
$
4,053.2

 
 
(1)
The category "Other" includes buildings, roads, quarries, hunting lease rights and other similar tangible and intangible assets related to timber cutting operations.
At December 31, 2015, the Company's aggregate future minimum payments for operating leases having initial or non-cancelable lease terms greater than one year are (in millions):
 
Future
minimum
rentals
2016
$
11.0

2017
10.9

2018
10.4

2019
10.1

2020
9.6

Thereafter
19.2

Total
$
71.2

Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables)
The following table presents the changes in goodwill in 2015, and 2014 (in millions):
 
Gross
Book Value
 
Accumulated
Impairment
 
Net Book
Value
December 31, 2013
$
160.6

 
$
(42.8
)
 
$
117.8

Impairments

 

 

Additions
11.0

 

 
11.0

Disposals
(11.2
)
 
8.9

 
(2.3
)
December 31, 2014
$
160.4

 
$
(33.9
)
 
$
126.5

Impairments

 

 

Additions

 

 

Disposals

 

 

December 31, 2015
$
160.4

 
$
(33.9
)
 
$
126.5

The following table presents the change in acquired intangible assets in 2015 and, 2014, composed of client relationships (in millions):
 
Gross
Book Value
 
Accumulated
Amortization &
Impairment
 
Net Book
Value
December 31, 2013
$
26.8

 
$
(25.6
)
 
$
1.2

Amortization

 
(0.1
)
 
(0.1
)
Disposals
(4.1
)
 
4.0

 
(0.1
)
December 31, 2014
$
22.7

 
$
(21.7
)
 
$
1.0

Additions
0.6

 

 
0.6

Amortization

 
(0.1
)
 
(0.1
)
Disposals

 

 

December 31, 2015
$
23.3

 
$
(21.8
)
 
$
1.5

The Company estimates that its consolidated annual amortization expense, assuming no useful life changes or additional investments in new or existing Affiliates, for each of the next five fiscal years is as follows (in millions):
2016
$
0.2

2017
0.2

2018
0.2

2019
0.2

2020
0.2

Thereafter
0.5

Total
$
1.5

Timber and Timberlands (Tables)
Schedule of timber and timberlands
Property and equipment consisted of the following at December 31 (in millions):
 
2015
 
2014
Leasehold improvements
$
28.5

 
$
26.7

Office equipment
21.3

 
17.5

Furniture and fixtures
6.8

 
6.6

Software and web development
21.4

 
14.3

Total property and equipment, at cost
78.0

 
65.1

Accumulated depreciation and amortization
(47.3
)
 
(41.0
)
Property and equipment, net
$
30.7

 
$
24.1

Timber and timberlands consisted of the following at December 31 (in millions):
 
2015
 
2014
Timber
$

 
$
2,813.7

Timberlands

 
1,880.5

Timber lease rights

 
198.8

Other(1)

 
27.1

Total timber and timberlands, at cost

 
4,920.1

Accumulated depletion on timber

 
(866.0
)
Accumulated amortization

 
(0.9
)
Timber and timberlands, net
$

 
$
4,053.2

 
 
(1)
The category "Other" includes buildings, roads, quarries, hunting lease rights and other similar tangible and intangible assets related to timber cutting operations.
Related Party Transactions (Tables)
Schedule of related party transactions
Amounts due from related parties were comprised of the following at December 31 (in millions):
 
2015
 
2014
Fees receivable from unconsolidated Funds
$
31.5

 
$
18.2

Fees receivable from commonly controlled Old Mutual plc business units
2.0

 
2.3

Other amounts due from related parties
5.2

 
5.9

Other amounts due from Parent
0.2

 
1.8

Total amounts due from related parties
$
38.9

 
$
28.2

Amounts due to related parties were comprised of the following at December 31 (in millions):
 
2015
 
2014
Other amounts due to related parties
$
0.2

 
$
0.4

Loan notes payable to Parent (Note 13)

 
37.0

Preferred dividend payable of consolidated Fund

 
16.3

Other amounts due to Parent(2)
4.5

 
3.5

Total current payables to related parties
4.7

 
57.2

Other amounts due to Parent(2)
218.2

 
286.1

Promissory note payable to related parties of consolidated Fund (Note 13)

 
318.7

Total long-term payables to related parties
218.2

 
604.8

Total amounts due to related parties
$
222.9

 
$
662.0

Investments in related parties consisted of the following at December 31 (in millions):
 
2015
 
2014
Investment in unconsolidated master Funds(3)
$

 
$
23.6

Investments in joint ventures

 
2.4

Investments in equity-accounted investees (Note 6)
84.1

 
85.5

Total related party investments
$
84.1

 
$
111.5

Related party transactions included in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Operations for the years ended December 31 consisted of (in millions):
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
Management fees collected from commonly controlled Old Mutual
business units(3)
$
9.3

 
$
10.6

 
$
9.6

Management fees collected from unconsolidated Funds(1)
107.0

 
47.5

 
46.4

Performance fees collected from unconsolidated Funds(1)
1.9

 
5.9

 
0.5

Management fees collected from joint venture partners

 
6.4

 
13.7

Total related party revenues (including discontinued operations)
$
118.2

 
$
70.4

 
$
70.2

Expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense owed to parent (Note 13)
$

 
$
49.8

 
$
72.1

Rent and administrative costs recharged by commonly controlled Old Mutual business units(4)
1.7

 
1.2

 
0.1

Restricted stock grants of parent equity to OMAM employees (Note 18)
0.5

 
4.5

 
5.0

Recharged parent operational costs(5)
1.8

 
5.5

 
5.3

Total related party expenses (including discontinued operations)
$
4.0

 
$
61.0

 
$
82.5

 
 
(1)
Transactions with unconsolidated Affiliate-sponsored Funds are considered related party items on the basis of the Company's significant influence over the activities of such entities in its capacity as investment advisor thereto. These transactions are comprised of fees for advisory services and investments in unconsolidated "master" Funds held by consolidated "feeder" Funds.
(2)
During 2014, the Company entered into a deferred tax asset deed with the Parent for the payment of realized benefits associated with certain deferred tax assets, as well as a co-investment deed for the payment of realized benefits associated with co-investments made by the Company in real-estate and timber strategies of its Affiliates. Amounts owed to the Parent associated with the deferred tax asset deed were $198.1 million at December 31, 2015. Amounts owed to the Parent associated with the co-investment deed were $20.2 million at December 31, 2015, net of tax. As of December 31, 2015, the Company recorded a payable of $4.5 million for redemptions and estimated taxes due under the co-investment deed. Amounts withheld in excess of the future tax liability will be payable to the Parent upon settlement.
(3)
The Company provides sub-advisory services in the ordinary course of business to commonly controlled Old Mutual business units. Management fees include amounts earned from these related parties. For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, $0.0 million, $0.3 million, and $0.0 million, respectively, were earned from discontinued operations.
(4)
The Company conducts a portion of its distribution activities out of Asia and the United Kingdom, and has entered into contractual arrangements with Related Business Units domiciled there to share their premises and leverage certain of their administrative functions.
(5)
The Company's Parent provides the Company with various oversight services, including governance, which includes compensation for board and executive committees, investor relations, procurement of insurance coverage, human resources, financial reporting, internal audit, treasury, systems, risk and tax services. That portion of the above costs which (i) are directly attributable to the Company, (ii) have been charged to the Company by the Company's Parent and (iii) have been paid to the Parent by the Company, have been recorded in the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements and were $1.8 million, $2.1 million, and $2.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively. With respect to the above services which were not directly attributable to the Company, costs associated with these services were generally allocated based on the Company's proportion of the Parent's total consolidated, normalized revenues. In the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, $0.0 million, $3.4 million, and $3.3 million, respectively, of these costs incurred have been allocated to the Company through a non-cash contribution to Parent equity, with the balance of the charges settled in cash. Subsequent to the Offering, these general costs are no longer allocated and if required, are borne directly by the Company.
Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities (Tables)
Schedule of accounts payable and accrued liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities consisted of the following at December 31 (in millions):
 
2015
 
2014
Accounts payable
$
8.4

 
$
10.5

Accrued expenses
25.7

 
26.1

Treasury rate lock hedge liability (Note 21)
8.8

 

Other
2.8

 
2.9

Total accounts payable and accruals
$
45.7

 
$
39.5

Other Compensation Liabilities (Tables)
Schedule of other compensation liabilities
Other compensation liabilities consisted of the following at December 31 (in millions):
 
2015
 
2014
Share-based payments liability (Note 18)
$
38.5

 
$
42.3

Non-current compensation payable
0.3

 
2.7

Profit interests compensation liability (Note 2)
155.2

 
123.8

Voluntary deferral plan liability (Note 17)
66.8

 
59.5

Total other compensation liabilities
$
260.8

 
$
228.3

Borrowings and Debt (Tables)
The Company's long term debt at December 31, excluding the long term debt of the Company's consolidated Funds, was comprised of the following (in millions):
(in millions)
2015
 
2014
 
Interest rate
 
Maturity
Third party obligations:
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
Revolving credit facility
$
90.0

 
$
177.0

 
LIBOR + 1.25%
plus 0.20%
commitment fee
 
October 15, 2019
Related party obligations:
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
Loan note two

 
37.0

 
 
September 29, 2024
Total long term debt of the Company
$
90.0

 
$
214.0

 
 
 
 
The long term debt of the Company's consolidated Funds was comprised of the following at December 31 (in millions):
(in millions)
2015
 
2014
 
Interest rate
 
Maturity
Related party obligations:
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
Shareholder loans and note interest
$

 
$
318.7

 
BBSW* + 5.5%
 
October 2022
Total related party obligations:

 
318.7

 
 
 
 
Third party obligations:
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
Term loan A

 
163.0

 
6.0% - 6.26%
 
May 2016
Term loan B

 
261.3

 
5.93% – LIBOR + 1.61%
 
October 1, 2016
Senior secured notes

 
860.0

 
6.19% - 6.38%
 
December 1, 2019
Secured bank loan

 
109.7

 
variable
 
October 2017
Notes payable

 
2,383.2

 
LIBOR + margin
 
October 2027
Total third party obligations:

 
3,777.2

 
 
 
 
Total long term debt of consolidated Funds
$

 
$
4,095.9

 
 
 
 
 
 
* BBSW refers to the Australian Bank-Bill Reference Rate
As of December 31, 2015, the aggregate maturities of debt commitments, based on their contractual terms, are as follows:
 
 
Future minimum
debt commitments
2016
 
$

2017
 

2018
 

2019
 
90.0

2020
 

Thereafter
 

Total
 
$
90.0

Income Taxes (Tables)
The components of income tax expense from continuing operations for the years ended December 31 are as follows (in millions):
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Current:
 

 
 

 
 

Federal
$
40.8

 
$
41.6

 
$

State
7.4

 
5.1

 
4.5

Foreign
1.3

 
1.3

 
0.5

Total current
49.5

 
48.0

 
5.0

Deferred:
 

 
 

 
 

Federal
(4.5
)
 
(37.4
)
 
12.0

State
(4.5
)
 
0.5

 
(3.9
)
Foreign
6.1

 
1.7

 
0.2

Total deferred
(2.9
)
 
(35.2
)
 
8.3

Total tax expense
$
46.6

 
$
12.8

 
$
13.3

The reconciliation of the difference between the Company's U.S. Federal statutory income tax rate and the effective income tax rate for continuing operations for the years ended December 31 is as follows:
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Tax at U.S. federal statutory income tax rate
35.0
 %
 
35.0
 %
 
35.0
 %
State income taxes, net of federal benefit
3.0
 %
 
(7.3
)%
 
(2.7
)%
Non-deductible expenses
 %
 
1.6
 %
 
(0.1
)%
Interest expense
(9.3
)%
 
14.7
 %
 
 %
Dividends from foreign subsidiaries
0.3
 %
 
(6.6
)%
 
 %
Parent company expense carve-out adjustment
 %
 
(3.6
)%
 
(1.4
)%
Adjustment to liabilities for uncertain tax positions
(0.4
)%
 
2.2
 %
 
1.3
 %
Change in valuation allowance
(3.4
)%
 
34.9
 %
 
1.0
 %
Effect of foreign operations
(1.0
)%
 
2.5
 %
 
0.7
 %
Effect of changes in tax law, rates
(0.5
)%
 
(10.8
)%
 
(1.6
)%
Effect of income from non-controlling interest
 %
 
(108.4
)%
 
(48.6
)%
Other
(0.5
)%
 
6.1
 %
 
0.5
 %
Effective income tax rate for continuing operations
23.2
 %
 
(39.7
)%
 
(15.9
)%
The significant components of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities for the years ended December 31 are as follows (in millions):
 
2015
 
2014
Deferred tax assets:
 

 
 

Interest expense
$
164.3

 
$
181.1

Federal net operating loss
8.1

 
12.7

State net operating loss carry forwards
8.4

 
27.2

Investment partnerships
132.4

 
121.0

Foreign tax credit carry forwards
15.4

 
6.4

Intangible assets
1.8

 
2.5

Employee compensation
14.8

 
8.8

Other
5.6

 
4.5

Cash flow hedge
1.6

 

Total deferred tax assets
352.4

 
364.2

Valuation allowance
(6.4
)
 
(33.9
)
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance
346.0

 
330.3

Deferred tax liabilities:
 

 
 

Investments
4.4

 

Net deferred tax asset
$
341.6

 
$
330.3

A reconciliation of the change in gross unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31 is as follows (in millions):
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Balance as of January 1
$
93.9

 
$
97.2

 
$
106.2

Additions based on tax positions of prior years

 

 
0.1

Reductions for tax provisions of prior years

 
(1.5
)
 
(6.9
)
Reductions related to lapses of statutes of limitations
(0.4
)
 
(1.8
)
 
(2.2
)
Balance as of December 31
$
93.5

 
$
93.9

 
$
97.2

Earnings Per Share (Tables)
Schedule of calculation of pro forma basic and diluted earnings per share
The calculation of basic and diluted earnings per ordinary share for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 is as follows. Amounts shown reflect pro forma shares outstanding prior to the Offering on October 8, 2014. (dollars in millions, except per share data):
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Numerator:
 

 
 

 
 

Net income attributable to controlling interests          
$
155.5

 
$
51.7

 
$
25.7

Less: Total income available to participating unvested securities(1)
0.6

 

 

Total net income (loss) attributable to ordinary shares
$
154.9

 
$
51.7

 
$
25.7

Denominator:
 

 
 

 
 

Weighted-average ordinary shares outstanding—basic
120,000,000

 
120,000,000

 
120,000,000

Potential ordinary shares
 
 
 
 
 
Restricted stock units
497,997

 

 

Weighted-average ordinary shares outstanding—diluted
120,497,997

 
120,000,000

 
120,000,000

Earnings per ordinary share attributable to controlling interests:
 

 
 

 
 

Basic
$
1.29

 
$
0.43

 
$
0.21

Diluted
$
1.29

 
$
0.43

 
$
0.21

 
 
(1)
Income available to participating unvested securities includes dividends paid on unvested restricted shares and their proportionate share of undistributed earnings.

Equity-based Compensation (Tables)
The following table presents the changes in the share-based payments liability for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Balance, beginning of period
$
42.3

 
$
86.0

 
$
65.8

Amortization and revaluation of granted awards
0.2

 
43.4

 
30.0

Reclassification of modified equity-settled award

 

 
0.9

Reclassification to profit interests award
(2.8
)
 
(1.7
)
 

Affiliate disposals

 
(18.0
)
 

Repurchases (cash settled)
(1.2
)
 
(67.4
)
 
(10.7
)
Balance, end of period
$
38.5

 
$
42.3

 
$
86.0

The amount of unrecognized compensation expense in relation to non-vested cash-settled equity interests as of December 31, 2015 is $3.0 million, and will be expensed as follows (in millions):
2016
$
1.7

2017
0.9

2018
0.4

Total
$
3.0

The following table summarizes the activity related to restricted stock units:
 
 
2015
 
2014
OM Asset Management plc RSU Awards
 
Number of shares
 
Weighted average grant date fair value per share
 
Number of shares
 
Weighted average grant date fair value per share
Outstanding at beginning of the year
 

 
$

 

 
$

Granted during the year
 
47,055

 
17.65

 

 

Forfeited during the year
 

 

 

 

Exercised during the year
 

 

 

 

Other transfers
 

 

 

 

Outstanding at end of the year
 
47,055

 
$
17.65

 

 
$

The following summarizes the grant date fair value of restricted shares granted by the Company in the years ended December 31:
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Shares granted during the year

 
3,576,379

 
1,996,967

Weighted average grant date fair value per share GBP
£

 
£
2.03

 
£
1.94

Weighted average grant date fair value per share USD
$

 
$
3.35

 
$
3.03

The following table summarizes the activity related to performance-based restricted stock units:
 
 
2015
 
2014
OM Asset Management plc performance-based RSU Awards
 
Number of shares
 
Weighted average grant date fair value per share
 
Number of shares
 
Weighted average grant date fair value per share
Outstanding at beginning of the year
 

 
$

 

 
$

Granted during the year
 
451,657

 
24.65

 

 

Forfeited during the year
 

 

 

 

Exercised during the year
 

 

 

 

Other transfers
 

 

 

 

Outstanding at end of the year
 
451,657

 
$
24.65

 

 
$

The following summarizes the grant date fair value of the instruments granted by the Company during the year ended December 31, 2015:
OM Asset Management plc awards
 
Shares granted
 
Weighted average fair value
RSAs
 
559,709

 
$
17.60

RSUs
 
47,055

 
$
17.65

Performance-Based RSUs
 
451,657

 
$
24.65

Grants of restricted shares in OM Asset Management plc
The following table summarizes the activity related to restricted share awards:
 
 
2015
 
2014
OM Asset Management plc RSA Awards
 
Number of shares
 
Weighted average grant date fair value per share
 
Number of shares
 
Weighted average grant date fair value per share
Outstanding at beginning of the year
 
1,212,766

 
$
14.00

 

 
$

Converted during the year
 

 

 
1,212,766

 
14.00

Granted during the year
 
559,709

 
17.60

 

 

Forfeited during the year
 
(2,128
)
 
17.65

 
(10,225
)
 
15.46

Exercised during the year
 
(203,700
)
 
14.00

 

 

Other transfers
 

 

 
10,225

 
15.46

Outstanding at end of the year
 
1,566,647

 
$
15.28

 
1,212,766

 
$
14.00

The following table summarizes the activity related to restricted shares.
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
 
Number of
shares
 
Weighted average grant date fair value per share GBP
 
Weighted average grant date fair value per share USD
 
Number of
shares
 
Weighted average grant date fair value per share GBP
 
Weighted average grant date fair value per share USD
 
Number of
shares
 
Weighted average grant date fair value per share GBP
 
Weighted average grant date fair value per share USD
Outstanding at the beginning of the year
682,346

 
£
1.77

 
$
2.92

 
3,954,534

 
£
1.73

 
$
2.85

 
2,888,925

 
£
1.47

 
$
2.30

Granted during the year

 

 

 
3,576,379

 
2.03

 
3.35

 
1,996,967

 
1.94

 
3.03

Forfeited during the year

 

 

 
(10,711
)
 
2.03

 
3.35

 
(64,778
)
 
1.51

 
2.36

Exercised during the year
(472,545
)
 
1.67

 
2.50

 
(878,217
)
 
1.45

 
2.39

 
(543,708
)
 
1.25

 
1.95

Other transfers

 
0

 
0

 
(5,959,639
)
 
n/a

 
n/a

 
(322,872
)
 
0

 

Outstanding at the end of the year
209,801

 
£
2.00

 
$
3.00

 
682,346

 
£
1.77

 
$
2.92

 
3,954,534

 
£
1.73

 
$
2.70

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Tables)
Schedule of components of accumulated other comprehensive income including proportions attributable to non-controlling interests
The following tables show the tax effects allocated to each component of other comprehensive income (in millions):
 
For the year ended December 31, 2015
 
Pre-Tax
 
Tax Benefit (Expense)
 
Net of Tax
Foreign currency translation adjustment including portion attributable to non-controlling interests
$
(1.5
)
 
$

 
$
(1.5
)
Change in net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on derivative securities
(8.2
)
 
1.6

 
(6.6
)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
$
(9.7
)
 
$
1.6

 
$
(8.1
)

 
For the year ended December 31, 2014
 
Pre-Tax
 
Tax Benefit (Expense)
 
Net of Tax
Foreign currency translation adjustment including portion attributable to non-controlling interests
$
(20.4
)
 
$

 
$
(20.4
)
Other comprehensive loss
$
(20.4
)
 
$

 
$
(20.4
)
 
For the year ended December 31, 2013
 
Pre-Tax
 
Tax Benefit (Expense)
 
Net of Tax
Foreign currency translation adjustment including portion attributable to non-controlling interests
$
(17.9
)
 
$

 
$
(17.9
)
Other comprehensive loss
$
(17.9
)
 
$

 
$
(17.9
)
The components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the year ended December 31, 2015 were as follows (in millions) including proportions attributable to non-controlling interests:
 
 
Foreign currency translation adjustment
 
Valuation of derivative securities
 
Total
Balance, as of December 31, 2014
 
$
(20.4
)
 

 
$
(20.4
)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
 
(1.5
)
 
(6.6
)
 
(8.1
)
De-consolidation of Funds
 
23.9

 

 
23.9

Balance, as of December 31, 2015
 
$
2.0

 
$
(6.6
)
 
$
(4.6
)
Derivatives and Hedging (Tables)
The average value of Funds' derivative instruments during the year ended December 31, 2015 was as follows (in millions):
 
2015
 
2014
Average notional value of swaps
$

 
$
0.4

Average value of contracts to buy
$

 
$
3.0

Average value of contracts to sell
$

 
$
2.7

The fair values of Funds' derivatives were as follows at December 31 (in millions):
 
Balance sheet classification
within consolidated funds
 
2015
 
2014
 
Assets
 
Liabilities
 
Assets
 
Liabilities
 
Assets
 
Liabilities
Derivatives with unrealized gains & losses:
 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Forward foreign currency exchange contracts
Other assets
 
Other liabilities
 
$

 
$

 
$
0.5

 
$

Interest rate contracts
Other assets
 
Other liabilities
 

 

 
0.4

 

Warrants
Investments
 
N/A
 

 

 
0.1

 

Total return swap contracts
Other assets
 
Other liabilities
 

 

 

 

Other derivatives
Investments
 
Other liabilities
 

 

 

 

Total
 
 
 
 
$

 
$

 
$
1.0

 
$

The effect of Funds' derivative instruments on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31 were as follows (in millions):
 
 
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
 
Income statement classification
 
Gains
 
Losses
 
Gains
 
Losses
 
Gains
 
Losses
Realized gains (losses):
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Forward foreign currency exchange contracts
OMAM funds net gains (losses):
 
$

 
$

 
$
0.1

 
$

 
$

 
(0.1
)
Total return swap contracts
OMAM funds net gains (losses):
 

 

 

 
(0.3
)
 

 

Unrealized gains (losses):
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Forward foreign currency exchange contracts
OMAM funds net gains (losses):
 

 

 

 

 

 
(1.7
)
Interest rate contracts
OMAM funds net gains (losses):
 

 

 

 
(0.4
)
 
0.5

 

Other derivatives
OMAM funds net gains (losses):
 

 

 

 

 
1.1

 

Net change in unrealized appreciation:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Forward foreign currency exchange contracts
OMAM funds net gains (losses):
 

 

 
0.1

 

 

 
(4.9
)
Interest rate contracts
OMAM funds net gains (losses):
 

 

 
0.4

 

 

 

Futures contracts
OMAM funds net gains (losses):
 

 

 

 

 
0.4

 

Other derivatives
OMAM funds net gains (losses):
 

 

 

 

 
0.6

 

Total
 
 
$

 
$

 
$
0.6

 
$
(0.7
)
 
$
2.6

 
$
(6.7
)
Discontinued Operations and Restructuring (Tables)
Schedule of gain (loss) from discontinued operations
The Company's gain (loss) from discontinued operations was comprised of the following at December 31 (in millions, except for per share data):
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Revenues
$

 
$
38.0

 
$
84.8

Compensation expense

 
30.9

 
50.7

Depreciation

 
0.2

 
0.5

Other operating expenses

 
9.8

 
16.2

Amortization and impairment of goodwill & intangibles

 

 
0.1

Operating income (loss)

 
(2.9
)
 
17.3

Investment gain (loss) of consolidated Funds

 
2.8

 
(9.4
)
Net interest income (expense)

 
0.1

 

Income (loss) before taxes

 

 
7.9

Income taxes

 
1.1

 
5.2

Discontinued net income (loss)

 
(1.1
)
 
2.7

Gain (loss) on disposal, net of tax of $0.5, $(1.5) and $2.3
0.8

 
2.3

 
(2.1
)
Total discontinued operations
0.8

 
1.2

 
0.6

Attributable to non-controlling interests

 
4.7

 
(5.8
)
Attributable to controlling interests
$
0.8

 
$
(3.5
)
 
$
6.4

Pro forma earnings (loss) per share (basic) attributable to controlling interests
$
0.01

 
$
(0.03
)
 
$
0.05

Pro forma earnings (loss) per share (diluted) attributable to controlling interests
$
0.01

 
$
(0.03
)
 
$
0.05

Liabilities associated with discontinued operations and restructuring are summarized as follows as of December 31 (in millions):
 
2015
 
2014
Beginning balance at January 1
$
5.6

 
$
8.6

Abandoned lease liability principle payments
(1.6
)
 
(0.4
)
Accrual of wind-up costs in relation to discontinued operation
(0.3
)
 
0.3

Payment of wind-up costs in relation to discontinued operation

 
(2.6
)
Adjustment to sub-lease arrangement on abandoned lease
0.4

 
1.2

Drawdowns on committed funding

 
(1.5
)
Ending balance at December 31
$
4.1

 
$
5.6

Segment Information (Tables)
 
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
U.S. GAAP net income attributable to controlling interests
155.5

 
51.7

 
25.7

Adjustments related to restructuring and reorganization actions undertaken in connection with our initial public offering:
 
 
 

 
 

i
Non-cash notional parent corporate cost allocation

 
3.4

 
3.3

ii
Intercompany interest expense

 
49.8

 
72.2

iii
Co-investment (gain)

 
(2.6
)
 
(3.0
)
Adjustments to reflect our economic earnings:
 
 
 

 
 

iv
Non-cash key employee-owned equity and profit interest revaluations
18.2

 
83.0
*
 
47.7

v
Amortization and impairment of goodwill and acquired intangible assets
0.2

 
0.1

 
0.1

vi
Capital transaction costs
2.3

 

 

vii
Discontinued operations attributable to controlling interests and restructuring
(0.2
)
 
5.8

 
(6.3
)
viii
ENI tax normalization
(6.3
)
 
(6.7
)
 
1.2

Tax effect of above adjustments**
(8.6
)
 
(33.2
)
 
(18.0
)
Economic net income (including the non-recurring performance fee)
161.1

 
151.3

 
122.9

Non-recurring performance fee, net***
(11.4
)
 

 

Economic net income, excluding the non-recurring performance fee
$
149.7

 
$
151.3

 
$
122.9


 
 
*     Includes $31.6 million related to the purchase of additional ownership interests in an Affiliate.
**     Reflects the sum of line items iii, iv, v, vi and the restructuring portion of line item vii taxed at the 40.2% U.S. statutory rate (including state tax). The restructuring portion of line item vii amounted to $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, $2.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 and $0.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2013.
***    In the second quarter of 2015, the Company recorded a non-recurring gross performance fee of $48.1 million.  The $11.4 million represents the net amount accruing to OMAM after Affiliate contractual variable compensation, other directly related expenses, and the tax effect of the non-recurring performance fee calculated using a 40.2% tax rate.
The following table reconciles U.S. GAAP revenue to ENI revenue for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013:
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
U.S. GAAP revenue
$
699.3

 
$
1,056.3

 
$
928.6

Include investment return on equity-accounted Affiliates
12.7

 
9.6

 
7.7

Exclude non-recurring performance fee
(48.1
)
 

 

Exclude revenue from consolidated Funds attributable to non-controlling interests

 
(430.5
)
 
(408.8
)
ENI revenue
$
663.9

 
$
635.4

 
$
527.5

The following table reconciles U.S. GAAP operating expense to ENI operating expense for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013:
 
Years ended December 31,
($ in millions)
2015
 
2014
 
2013
U.S. GAAP operating expense
$
508.1

 
$
1,123.5

 
$
1,028.1

Less: items excluded from economic net income
 
 
 
 
 
Affiliate key employee equity revaluations
(18.5
)
 
(83.0
)
 
(47.7
)
Amortization of acquired intangible assets
(0.2
)
 
(0.1
)
 
(0.1
)
Pre-IPO non-cash notional Parent corporate cost allocation

 
(3.4
)
 
(3.3
)
Other items excluded from ENI(1)
(4.4
)
 
(2.2
)
 
0.1

Funds' operating expenses

 
(604.0
)
 
(602.1
)
Less: items segregated out of U.S. GAAP operating expense
 
 
 
 
 
Variable compensation(2)
(201.0
)
 
(169.8
)
 
(153.8
)
Affiliate key employee distributions
(38.8
)
 
(40.1
)
 
(28.4
)
ENI operating expense
$
245.2

 
$
220.9

 
$
192.8

 
 
(1)
Other items include capital transaction costs, restructuring expenses, and expenses (excluding variable compensation) associated with the non-recurring performance fee in 2015.
(2)
For the year ended December 31, 2015, $174.0 million of variable compensation expense (of the $201.0 million above) is included within economic net income, which excludes the revenue and the variable compensation attributable to the non-recurring performance fee.
Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Tables)
Summary of the quarterly results of operations
The following is a summary of the quarterly results of operations of the Company for the years ended December 31, ($ in millions, unless otherwise noted):
 
2015
 
First Quarter
 
Second Quarter
 
Third Quarter
 
Fourth Quarter
Revenue
$
160.6

 
$
213.5

 
$
161.8

 
$
163.4

Operating income
44.4

 
62.9

 
43.0

 
40.9

Income from continuing operations before income taxes
46.2

 
64.7

 
46.7

 
43.7

Net income
34.2

 
49.4

 
35.0

 
36.9

Net income attributable to controlling interests
34.2

 
49.4

 
35.0

 
36.9

Basic earnings per share ($)
$
0.28

 
$
0.41

 
$
0.29

 
$
0.31

Diluted earnings per share ($)
$
0.28

 
$
0.41

 
$
0.29

 
$
0.30

Basic shares outstanding (in millions)*
120.0

 
120.0

 
120.0

 
120.0

Diluted shares outstanding (in millions)*
120.4

 
120.5

 
120.5

 
120.6

 
2014
 
First Quarter
 
Second Quarter
 
Third Quarter
 
Fourth Quarter
Revenue
$
269.4

 
$
260.3

 
$
260.0

 
$
266.5

Operating income (loss)
5.6

 
(45.6
)
 
(18.2
)
 
(9.1
)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
8.4

 
(44.1
)
 
(15.7
)
 
19.2

Net income (loss)
4.1

 
(55.6
)
 
(8.4
)
 
16.1

Net income (loss) attributable to controlling interests
10.3

 
8.8

 
(1.7
)
 
34.3

Basic earnings (loss) per share ($)
$
0.09

 
$
0.07

 
$
(0.01
)
 
$
0.28

Diluted earnings (loss) per share ($)
$
0.09

 
$
0.07

 
$
(0.01
)
 
$
0.28

Basic shares outstanding (in millions)*
120.0

 
120.0

 
120.0

 
120.0

Diluted shares outstanding (in millions)*
120.0

 
120.0

 
120.0

 
120.0

 
 
* Reflects pro forma shares outstanding in prior periods

Organization and Description of the Business (Details) (USD $)
0 Months Ended 12 Months Ended 0 Months Ended 12 Months Ended 0 Months Ended
Jun. 22, 2015
Oct. 15, 2014
Dec. 31, 2015
segment
Dec. 31, 2014
Feb. 3, 2016
Subsequent event
Jun. 22, 2015
Overallotment option
Oct. 15, 2014
Overallotment option
Oct. 15, 2014
OMGUK
Dec. 31, 2015
OMGUK
Oct. 15, 2014
OMGUK
Oct. 15, 2014
OMGUK
Term loan two
Oct. 15, 2014
OMGUK
Revolving credit facility
Dec. 31, 2015
OMGUK
Oct. 15, 2014
OMGUK
Dec. 31, 2015
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Dec. 31, 2014
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Oct. 15, 2014
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Organization and description of the business
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Number of reportable segments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Elimination of existing intercompany debt
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ 1,003,500,000 
 
 
 
Redemption of intercompany receivable
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
32,200,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net reduction of existing intercompany debt
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
971,300,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pre-offering dividend paid
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
175,000,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt issued
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
37,000,000 
 
 
 
37,000,000 
 
Estimated payment of future realizable benefits
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
198,100,000 
 
 
 
198,100,000 
 
 
 
 
Carrying value of co-investments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
25,200,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value of co-investments
 
 
97,000,000 
154,800,000 
 
 
 
 
25,200,000 
 
 
 
 
 
97,000,000 
94,200,000 
 
Debt proceeds used for payment of related party dividend
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
175,000,000 
 
 
 
 
 
Additional ownership purchase in cash
 
60,000,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ordinary shares, issued shares
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
120,558,278 
120,000,000 
120,000,000 
Ordinary shares, nominal value (in dollars per share)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ 0.001 
$ 0.001 
$ 0.001 
Issuance of ordinary shares (in shares)
13,300,000 
 
 
 
 
1,995,000 
2,231,375 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Company's outstanding ordinary shares owned by Parent
 
 
65.80% 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stock repurchase program, authorized amount
 
 
 
 
$ 150,000,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies - Basis of Presentation (Details)
0 Months Ended 0 Months Ended
Jun. 22, 2015
Dec. 31, 2015
Oct. 15, 2014
IPO
Jun. 22, 2015
Overallotment option
Oct. 15, 2014
Overallotment option
Jun. 22, 2015
Secondary Offering Including Over-Allotment Option
Basis of presentation
 
 
 
 
 
 
Issuance of ordinary shares (in shares)
13,300,000 
 
22,000,000 
1,995,000 
2,231,375 
15,295,000 
Company's outstanding ordinary shares owned by Parent
 
65.80% 
 
 
 
 
Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies - Timber Funds, Operating Segments, Foreign Currency Translation (Details)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
item
segment
Operating segment
 
Number of operating segments
Foreign currency translation
 
Number of timber funds whose books and records are not maintained in U.S. dollars
Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies - Intangible Assets, Goodwill, and Earnings Per Share (Details)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
12 Months Ended 24 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
item
affiliate
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2013
Intangible assets
 
 
 
Number of reporting units
 
 
Number of consolidated affiliates represented as reporting units
 
 
Earnings per share
 
 
 
Pro forma shares used for calculating basic and fully diluted EPS
120 
120 
120 
Client relationships |
Minimum
 
 
 
Intangible assets
 
 
 
Useful life
5 years 
 
 
Client relationships |
Maximum
 
 
 
Intangible assets
 
 
 
Useful life
16 years 
 
 
Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies - Compensatory Agreements, Deferred Financing Costs, and Non-controlling Interest (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2013
Compensation arrangements
 
 
 
Minimum vesting period of long term profit-interest plan
3 years 
 
 
Maximum vesting period of long term profit-interest plan
5 years 
 
 
Period of earnings on which multiple for redemption of long term profit-interest compensation awards is based
12 months 
 
 
Deferred financing costs
 
 
 
Write off of deferred financing costs
$ 0 
$ 0 
$ 0.4 
Investment (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2013
Investment Components
 
 
 
Investments at fair value
$ 97.0 
$ 154.8 
 
Equity-accounted investments in Affiliates
54.0 
50.5 
 
Equity-accounted investments in unconsolidated funds, at cost
0.5 
 
Investments in joint ventures
2.4 
 
Other investments
51.6 
1.7 
 
Investments
202.6 
209.9 
 
Consolidated Funds
 
 
 
Investment Components
 
 
 
Investments at fair value
60.6 
 
Consolidated Funds |
Investments by consolidated funds in related, unconsolidated master funds
 
 
 
Investment Components
 
 
 
Investments at fair value
23.6 
 
Consolidated Funds |
Other discretionary investments held at fair value
 
 
 
Investment Components
 
 
 
Investments at fair value
37.0 
 
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
 
 
 
Investment Components
 
 
 
Investments at fair value
97.0 
94.2 
 
Investments
202.6 
149.3 
 
Investment income
 
 
 
Investment income
13.0 
12.2 
10.7 
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds |
Investments in products held at fair value attributable to controlling interests
 
 
 
Investment income
 
 
 
Investment income
0.3 
2.6 
3.0 
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds |
Investments by consolidated funds in related, unconsolidated master funds
 
 
 
Investment Components
 
 
 
Investments at fair value
30.1 
34.5 
 
Investment income
 
 
 
Investment income
0.3 
1.9 
2.9 
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds |
Other discretionary investments held at fair value
 
 
 
Investment income
 
 
 
Investment income
0.7 
0.1 
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds |
Investments related to voluntary deferred compensation plans held at fair value
 
 
 
Investment Components
 
 
 
Investments at fair value
$ 66.9 
$ 59.7 
 
Fair Value Measurements - Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Assets of OMAM and consolidated Funds
 
 
Total investments at fair value
$ 97.0 
$ 154.8 
Liabilities of consolidated Funds
 
 
Transfers in/out of level 3
Recurring
 
 
Assets of OMAM and consolidated Funds
 
 
Total fair value assets
 
259.3 
Recurring |
Quoted prices in active markets (Level I)
 
 
Assets of OMAM and consolidated Funds
 
 
Total fair value assets
 
190.5 
Recurring |
Significant other observable inputs (Level II)
 
 
Assets of OMAM and consolidated Funds
 
 
Total fair value assets
 
1.8 
Recurring |
Significant unobservable inputs (Level III)
 
 
Assets of OMAM and consolidated Funds
 
 
Total fair value assets
 
Recurring |
Uncategorized
 
 
Assets of OMAM and consolidated Funds
 
 
Total fair value assets
 
67.0 
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
 
 
Assets of OMAM and consolidated Funds
 
 
Total investments at fair value
97.0 
94.2 
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds |
Recurring
 
 
Assets of OMAM and consolidated Funds
 
 
Investment securities
66.9 
59.7 
Investments in unconsolidated funds
30.1 
34.5 
Total fair value assets
97.0 
 
Total investments at fair value
 
94.2 
Liabilities of consolidated Funds
 
 
Derivative securities
(8.8)
 
Total fair value liabilities
(8.8)
 
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds |
Recurring |
Quoted prices in active markets (Level I)
 
 
Assets of OMAM and consolidated Funds
 
 
Investment securities
66.9 
59.7 
Investments in unconsolidated funds
Total fair value assets
66.9 
 
Total investments at fair value
 
59.7 
Liabilities of consolidated Funds
 
 
Derivative securities
 
Total fair value liabilities
 
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds |
Recurring |
Significant other observable inputs (Level II)
 
 
Assets of OMAM and consolidated Funds
 
 
Investment securities
Investments in unconsolidated funds
Total fair value assets
 
Total investments at fair value
 
Liabilities of consolidated Funds
 
 
Derivative securities
(8.8)
 
Total fair value liabilities
(8.8)
 
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds |
Recurring |
Significant unobservable inputs (Level III)
 
 
Assets of OMAM and consolidated Funds
 
 
Investment securities
Investments in unconsolidated funds
Total fair value assets
 
Total investments at fair value
 
Liabilities of consolidated Funds
 
 
Derivative securities
 
Total fair value liabilities
 
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds |
Recurring |
Significant unobservable inputs (Level III) |
Real estate investment funds |
Minimum
 
 
Liabilities of consolidated Funds
 
 
Term over which the underlying assets are expected to be liquidated by the investees
1 year 
 
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds |
Recurring |
Significant unobservable inputs (Level III) |
Real estate investment funds |
Maximum
 
 
Liabilities of consolidated Funds
 
 
Term over which the underlying assets are expected to be liquidated by the investees
8 years 
 
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds |
Recurring |
Uncategorized
 
 
Assets of OMAM and consolidated Funds
 
 
Investment securities
Investments in unconsolidated funds
30.1 
34.5 
Total fair value assets
30.1 
 
Total investments at fair value
 
34.5 
Liabilities of consolidated Funds
 
 
Derivative securities
 
Total fair value liabilities
 
Consolidated Funds
 
 
Assets of OMAM and consolidated Funds
 
 
Total investments at fair value
60.6 
Consolidated Funds |
Recurring
 
 
Assets of OMAM and consolidated Funds
 
 
Total fair value assets
 
165.1 
Total investments at fair value
 
60.6 
Restricted cash held at fair value
 
104.5 
Liabilities of consolidated Funds
 
 
Total fair value liabilities
(16.4)
Consolidated Funds |
Recurring |
Common stock
 
 
Liabilities of consolidated Funds
 
 
Total fair value liabilities
 
(16.4)
Consolidated Funds |
Recurring |
Common and preferred stock
 
 
Assets of OMAM and consolidated Funds
 
 
Total investments at fair value
 
24.8 
Consolidated Funds |
Recurring |
Short-term investment funds
 
 
Assets of OMAM and consolidated Funds
 
 
Total investments at fair value
 
0.1 
Consolidated Funds |
Recurring |
Fixed income securities
 
 
Assets of OMAM and consolidated Funds
 
 
Total investments at fair value
 
1.1 
Consolidated Funds |
Recurring |
Collective investment funds
 
 
Assets of OMAM and consolidated Funds
 
 
Total investments at fair value
 
32.5 
Consolidated Funds |
Recurring |
Other Investments
 
 
Assets of OMAM and consolidated Funds
 
 
Total investments at fair value
 
2.1 
Consolidated Funds |
Recurring |
Quoted prices in active markets (Level I)
 
 
Assets of OMAM and consolidated Funds
 
 
Total fair value assets
 
130.8 
Total investments at fair value
 
26.3 
Restricted cash held at fair value
 
104.5 
Liabilities of consolidated Funds
 
 
Total fair value liabilities
 
(16.4)
Consolidated Funds |
Recurring |
Quoted prices in active markets (Level I) |
Common stock
 
 
Liabilities of consolidated Funds
 
 
Total fair value liabilities
 
(16.4)
Consolidated Funds |
Recurring |
Quoted prices in active markets (Level I) |
Common and preferred stock
 
 
Assets of OMAM and consolidated Funds
 
 
Total investments at fair value
 
24.8 
Consolidated Funds |
Recurring |
Quoted prices in active markets (Level I) |
Short-term investment funds
 
 
Assets of OMAM and consolidated Funds
 
 
Total investments at fair value
 
0.1 
Consolidated Funds |
Recurring |
Quoted prices in active markets (Level I) |
Fixed income securities
 
 
Assets of OMAM and consolidated Funds
 
 
Total investments at fair value
 
1.1 
Consolidated Funds |
Recurring |
Quoted prices in active markets (Level I) |
Collective investment funds
 
 
Assets of OMAM and consolidated Funds
 
 
Total investments at fair value
 
Consolidated Funds |
Recurring |
Quoted prices in active markets (Level I) |
Other Investments
 
 
Assets of OMAM and consolidated Funds
 
 
Total investments at fair value
 
0.3 
Consolidated Funds |
Recurring |
Significant other observable inputs (Level II)
 
 
Assets of OMAM and consolidated Funds
 
 
Total fair value assets
 
1.8 
Total investments at fair value
 
1.8 
Restricted cash held at fair value
 
Liabilities of consolidated Funds
 
 
Total fair value liabilities
 
Consolidated Funds |
Recurring |
Significant other observable inputs (Level II) |
Common stock
 
 
Liabilities of consolidated Funds
 
 
Total fair value liabilities
 
Consolidated Funds |
Recurring |
Significant other observable inputs (Level II) |
Common and preferred stock
 
 
Assets of OMAM and consolidated Funds
 
 
Total investments at fair value
 
Consolidated Funds |
Recurring |
Significant other observable inputs (Level II) |
Short-term investment funds
 
 
Assets of OMAM and consolidated Funds
 
 
Total investments at fair value
 
Consolidated Funds |
Recurring |
Significant other observable inputs (Level II) |
Fixed income securities
 
 
Assets of OMAM and consolidated Funds
 
 
Total investments at fair value
 
Consolidated Funds |
Recurring |
Significant other observable inputs (Level II) |
Collective investment funds
 
 
Assets of OMAM and consolidated Funds
 
 
Total investments at fair value
 
Consolidated Funds |
Recurring |
Significant other observable inputs (Level II) |
Other Investments
 
 
Assets of OMAM and consolidated Funds
 
 
Total investments at fair value
 
1.8 
Consolidated Funds |
Recurring |
Significant unobservable inputs (Level III)
 
 
Assets of OMAM and consolidated Funds
 
 
Total fair value assets
 
Total investments at fair value
 
Restricted cash held at fair value
 
Liabilities of consolidated Funds
 
 
Total fair value liabilities
 
Consolidated Funds |
Recurring |
Significant unobservable inputs (Level III) |
Common stock
 
 
Liabilities of consolidated Funds
 
 
Total fair value liabilities
 
Consolidated Funds |
Recurring |
Significant unobservable inputs (Level III) |
Common and preferred stock
 
 
Assets of OMAM and consolidated Funds
 
 
Total investments at fair value
 
Consolidated Funds |
Recurring |
Significant unobservable inputs (Level III) |
Short-term investment funds
 
 
Assets of OMAM and consolidated Funds
 
 
Total investments at fair value
 
Consolidated Funds |
Recurring |
Significant unobservable inputs (Level III) |
Fixed income securities
 
 
Assets of OMAM and consolidated Funds
 
 
Total investments at fair value
 
Consolidated Funds |
Recurring |
Significant unobservable inputs (Level III) |
Collective investment funds
 
 
Assets of OMAM and consolidated Funds
 
 
Total investments at fair value
 
Consolidated Funds |
Recurring |
Significant unobservable inputs (Level III) |
Other Investments
 
 
Assets of OMAM and consolidated Funds
 
 
Total investments at fair value
 
Consolidated Funds |
Recurring |
Uncategorized
 
 
Assets of OMAM and consolidated Funds
 
 
Total fair value assets
 
32.5 
Total investments at fair value
 
32.5 
Restricted cash held at fair value
 
Liabilities of consolidated Funds
 
 
Total fair value liabilities
 
Consolidated Funds |
Recurring |
Uncategorized |
Common stock
 
 
Liabilities of consolidated Funds
 
 
Total fair value liabilities
 
Consolidated Funds |
Recurring |
Uncategorized |
Common and preferred stock
 
 
Assets of OMAM and consolidated Funds
 
 
Total investments at fair value
 
Consolidated Funds |
Recurring |
Uncategorized |
Short-term investment funds
 
 
Assets of OMAM and consolidated Funds
 
 
Total investments at fair value
 
Consolidated Funds |
Recurring |
Uncategorized |
Fixed income securities
 
 
Assets of OMAM and consolidated Funds
 
 
Total investments at fair value
 
Consolidated Funds |
Recurring |
Uncategorized |
Collective investment funds
 
 
Assets of OMAM and consolidated Funds
 
 
Total investments at fair value
 
32.5 
Consolidated Funds |
Recurring |
Uncategorized |
Other Investments
 
 
Assets of OMAM and consolidated Funds
 
 
Total investments at fair value
 
$ 0 
Variable Interest Entities (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Assets
 
 
Investments at fair value
$ 97.0 
$ 154.8 
Consolidated VIEs
 
 
Assets
 
 
Investments at fair value
5.9 
Restricted cash
2,487.7 
Timber assets
4,053.2 
Other assets of consolidated Funds
165.0 
Total Assets
6,711.8 
Liabilities
 
 
Borrowings
4,095.9 
Other liabilities of consolidated Funds
150.8 
Total Liabilities
4,246.7 
Unconsolidated VIEs
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
Unconsolidated VIE assets
7,302.4 
9,993.5 
Unconsolidated VIE liabilities
4,189.1 
1,515.0 
Equity interests on the Condensed and Consolidated Balance Sheet
10.8 
75.3 
Maximum risk of loss
$ 16.6 
$ 75.5 
Equity Accounted Investees (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2013
Statement of Income
 
 
 
Net revenues
$ 342.6 
$ 316.5 
$ 298.4 
Operating income (loss)
114.8 
68.2 
69.8 
Other income (expense), net
97.8 
(76.0)
159.4 
Income (loss) before income taxes
212.6 
(7.8)
229.2 
Less: income tax expense (benefit)
5.9 
4.9 
1.4 
Excluding noncontrolling interests income (loss)
177.6 
(31.2)
204.8 
Net income attributable to controlling interests
29.1 
18.5 
23.0 
OMAM equity in net income of equity method investees
13.0 
11.5 
10.6 
Balance Sheet
 
 
 
Total assets
2,747.2 
2,967.0 
 
Total liabilities
1,065.2 
1,133.9 
 
Non-controlling interests in subsidiaries
1,612.7 
1,771.3 
 
Members' equity
69.3 
61.8 
 
OMAM equity investment and undistributed earnings of affiliated companies, before consolidating and reconciling adjustments
54.4 
54.9 
 
Consolidating and reconciling adjustments:
 
 
 
Goodwill attributable to equity method investment
29.7 
30.6 
 
OMAM investment in equity method investees at cost plus equity in undistributable earnings since acquisition
84.1 
85.5 
 
Earnings from equity method investees
13.0 
11.5 
10.6 
Investments in joint ventures
2.4 
 
Heitman LLC
 
 
 
Statement of Income
 
 
 
Net revenues
128.9 
227.4 
218.3 
Operating income (loss)
27.1 
51.0 
49.0 
Other income (expense), net
26.1 
172.8 
Income (loss) before income taxes
27.1 
77.1 
221.8 
Less: income tax expense (benefit)
0.8 
3.0 
1.8 
Excluding noncontrolling interests income (loss)
58.6 
197.2 
Net income attributable to controlling interests
26.3 
15.5 
22.8 
OMAM equity in net income of equity method investees
10.2 
8.5 
10.4 
Balance Sheet
 
 
 
Total assets
76.8 
1,647.1 
 
Total liabilities
39.0 
581.1 
 
Non-controlling interests in subsidiaries
1,014.4 
 
Members' equity
37.8 
51.6 
 
OMAM equity investment and undistributed earnings of affiliated companies, before consolidating and reconciling adjustments
22.9 
44.7 
 
Consolidating and reconciling adjustments:
 
 
 
Goodwill attributable to equity method investment
29.7 
30.6 
 
OMAM investment in equity method investees at cost plus equity in undistributable earnings since acquisition
52.6 
75.3 
 
Earnings from equity method investees
10.2 
8.5 
10.4 
Other
 
 
 
Statement of Income
 
 
 
Net revenues
213.7 
89.1 
80.1 
Operating income (loss)
87.7 
17.2 
20.8 
Other income (expense), net
97.8 
(102.1)
(13.4)
Income (loss) before income taxes
185.5 
(84.9)
7.4 
Less: income tax expense (benefit)
5.1 
1.9 
(0.4)
Excluding noncontrolling interests income (loss)
177.6 
(89.8)
7.6 
Net income attributable to controlling interests
2.8 
3.0 
0.2 
OMAM equity in net income of equity method investees
2.8 
3.0 
0.2 
Balance Sheet
 
 
 
Total assets
2,670.4 
1,319.9 
 
Total liabilities
1,026.2 
552.8 
 
Non-controlling interests in subsidiaries
1,612.7 
756.9 
 
Members' equity
31.5 
10.2 
 
OMAM equity investment and undistributed earnings of affiliated companies, before consolidating and reconciling adjustments
31.5 
10.2 
 
Consolidating and reconciling adjustments:
 
 
 
Goodwill attributable to equity method investment
 
OMAM investment in equity method investees at cost plus equity in undistributable earnings since acquisition
31.5 
10.2 
 
Earnings from equity method investees
2.8 
3.0 
0.2 
Joint ventures |
Affiliate
 
 
 
Statement of Income
 
 
 
OMAM equity in net income of equity method investees
0.3 
1.4 
2.1 
Consolidating and reconciling adjustments:
 
 
 
Earnings from equity method investees
0.3 
1.4 
2.1 
Investments in joint ventures
$ 0 
$ 2.4 
 
Property and Equipment and Lease Commitments (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2013
Office space
 
 
 
Gross minimum rentals
 
 
 
2016
$ 11.0 
 
 
2017
10.9 
 
 
2018
10.4 
 
 
2019
10.1 
 
 
2020
9.6 
 
 
Thereafter
19.2 
 
 
Total
71.2 
 
 
Consolidated rent and occupancy expenses
10.9 
10.6 
8.8 
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
 
 
 
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
 
 
 
Property and equipment, gross
78.0 
65.1 
 
Accumulated depreciation and amortization
(47.3)
(41.0)
 
Property and equipment, net
30.7 
24.1 
 
Depreciation and amortization
6.9 
6.1 
4.9 
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds |
Leasehold improvements
 
 
 
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
 
 
 
Property and equipment, gross
28.5 
26.7 
 
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds |
Office equipment
 
 
 
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
 
 
 
Property and equipment, gross
21.3 
17.5 
 
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds |
Furniture and fixtures
 
 
 
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
 
 
 
Property and equipment, gross
6.8 
6.6 
 
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds |
Software and web development
 
 
 
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
 
 
 
Property and equipment, gross
$ 21.4 
$ 14.3 
 
Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Gross Book Value
 
 
Beginning balance
$ 160.4 
$ 160.6 
Impairments
Additions
11.0 
Disposals
(11.2)
Ending balance
160.4 
160.4 
Accumulated Impairment
 
 
Beginning balance
(33.9)
(42.8)
Disposals
8.9 
Ending balance
(33.9)
(33.9)
Net Book Value
 
 
Beginning balance
126.5 
117.8 
Additions
11.0 
Disposals
(2.3)
Ending balance
126.5 
126.5 
Goodwill disposal write-off attributable to discontinued operations
 
$ 11.2 
Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Change in Acquired Intangible Assets (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2013
Gross Book Value
 
 
 
Amortization
$ 0 
$ 0 
$ 0.1 
Accumulated Amortization & Impairment
 
 
 
Amortization
(0.1)
(0.1)
(0.2)
Net Book Value
 
 
 
Amortization
(0.1)
(0.1)
(0.2)
Ending balance
1.5 
 
 
Amortization of acquired intangibles
0.1 
0.1 
0.1 
Estimated annual amortization expense for each of next five fiscal years
 
 
 
2016
0.2 
 
 
2017
0.2 
 
 
2018
0.2 
 
 
2019
0.2 
 
 
2020
0.2 
 
 
Thereafter
0.5 
 
 
Total
1.5 
 
 
Client relationships
 
 
 
Gross Book Value
 
 
 
Beginning Balance
22.7 
26.8 
 
Amortization
 
Disposals
(4.1)
 
Additions
0.6 
 
 
Ending Balance
23.3 
22.7 
 
Accumulated Amortization & Impairment
 
 
 
Beginning Balance
(21.7)
(25.6)
 
Amortization
(0.1)
(0.1)
 
Disposals
4.0 
 
Ending Balance
(21.8)
(21.7)
 
Net Book Value
 
 
 
Beginning balance
1.0 
1.2 
 
Amortization
(0.1)
(0.1)
 
Disposals
(0.1)
 
Ending balance
1.5 
1.0 
 
Estimated annual amortization expense for each of next five fiscal years
 
 
 
Total
$ 1.5 
$ 1.0 
 
Client relationships |
Minimum
 
 
 
Net Book Value
 
 
 
Useful life
6 years 
 
 
Client relationships |
Maximum
 
 
 
Net Book Value
 
 
 
Useful life
8 years 
 
 
Timber and Timberlands (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Consolidated Funds
 
 
Timber and timberlands
 
 
Timber and timberlands, net
$ 0 
$ 4,053.2 
Timber and Timberlands |
Consolidated Funds
 
 
Timber and timberlands
 
 
Total timber and timberlands, at cost
4,920.1 
Accumulated depletion on timber
(866.0)
Accumulated amortization
(0.9)
Timber and timberlands, net
4,053.2 
Timber
 
 
Timber and timberlands
 
 
Total timber and timberlands, at cost
2,813.7 
Timberlands
 
 
Timber and timberlands
 
 
Total timber and timberlands, at cost
1,880.5 
Timber lease rights
 
 
Timber and timberlands
 
 
Total timber and timberlands, at cost
198.8 
Other
 
 
Timber and timberlands
 
 
Total timber and timberlands, at cost
$ 0 
$ 27.1 
Related Party Transactions (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2013
Amounts due from related parties
 
 
 
Total amounts due from related parties
$ 38.9 
$ 28.2 
 
Amounts due to related parties
 
 
 
Total current payables to related parties
4.7 
57.2 
 
Total long-term payables to related parties
218.2 
604.8 
 
Total amounts due to related parties
222.9 
662.0 
 
Total related party investments
84.1 
111.5 
 
Related party revenues (included discontinued operations)
118.2 
70.4 
70.2 
Related party expenses
4.0 
61.0 
82.5 
Consolidated Funds
 
 
 
Amounts due to related parties
 
 
 
Preferred dividend payable
16.3 
 
Notes payable to related parties
318.7 
 
Unconsolidated Funds
 
 
 
Amounts due from related parties
 
 
 
Fees receivable
31.5 
18.2 
 
Amounts due to related parties
 
 
 
Total related party investments
23.6 
 
Unconsolidated Funds |
Management fees
 
 
 
Amounts due to related parties
 
 
 
Related party revenues (included discontinued operations)
107.0 
47.5 
46.4 
Unconsolidated Funds |
Performance fees collected (performance penalties paid)
 
 
 
Amounts due to related parties
 
 
 
Related party revenues (included discontinued operations)
1.9 
5.9 
0.5 
Commonly controlled Old Mutual plc business units
 
 
 
Amounts due from related parties
 
 
 
Fees receivable
2.0 
2.3 
 
Commonly controlled Old Mutual plc business units |
Management fees
 
 
 
Amounts due to related parties
 
 
 
Related party revenues (included discontinued operations)
9.3 
10.6 
9.6 
Related party revenues from discontinued operations
0.3 
Commonly controlled Old Mutual plc business units |
Rent and administrative costs recharged
 
 
 
Amounts due to related parties
 
 
 
Related party expenses
1.7 
1.2 
0.1 
Joint venture partners and other
 
 
 
Amounts due from related parties
 
 
 
Current receivables from related parties
5.2 
5.9 
 
Old Mutual plc
 
 
 
Amounts due from related parties
 
 
 
Other current amounts due from related parties
0.2 
1.8 
 
Old Mutual plc |
Financing
 
 
 
Amounts due to related parties
 
 
 
Related party expenses
49.8 
72.1 
Old Mutual plc |
Restricted stock grants of parent equity
 
 
 
Amounts due to related parties
 
 
 
Related party expenses
0.5 
4.5 
5.0 
Old Mutual plc |
Recharged operational costs
 
 
 
Amounts due to related parties
 
 
 
Related party expenses
1.8 
5.5 
5.3 
Old Mutual plc |
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
 
 
 
Amounts due to related parties
 
 
 
Other current amounts due to related parties
4.5 
3.5 
 
Notes payable to related parties
37.0 
 
Other long-term amounts due to related parties
218.2 
286.1 
 
Other related parties |
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
 
 
 
Amounts due to related parties
 
 
 
Other current amounts due to related parties
0.2 
0.4 
 
Joint ventures
 
 
 
Amounts due to related parties
 
 
 
Total related party investments
2.4 
 
Joint ventures |
Management fees
 
 
 
Amounts due to related parties
 
 
 
Related party revenues (included discontinued operations)
6.4 
13.7 
Equity- accounted investees
 
 
 
Amounts due to related parties
 
 
 
Total related party investments
84.1 
85.5 
 
OMGUK
 
 
 
Amounts due to related parties
 
 
 
Investments Assigned to Parent, Liability
20.2 
 
 
Estimated payment of future realizable benefits
198.1 
 
 
Due to Related Party, Taxes Withheld For Investment Redemptions
$ 4.5 
 
 
Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities (Details) (Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds, USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Accounts payable
$ 8.4 
$ 10.5 
Accrued expenses
25.7 
26.1 
Other
2.8 
2.9 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
45.7 
39.5 
Treasury rate lock
 
 
Treasury rate lock hedge liability
$ 8.8 
$ 0 
Other Compensation Liabilities (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2013
Other Compensation Liabilities [Abstract]
 
 
 
Share-based payments liability
$ 38.5 
$ 42.3 
 
Non-current compensation payable
0.3 
2.7 
 
Profit interests compensation liability
155.2 
123.8 
 
Voluntary deferral plan liability
66.8 
59.5 
 
Total other compensation liabilities
260.8 
228.3 
 
Profit interests compensation expense including discontinued operations in 2012 and 2013
31.4 
51.0 
29.0 
Issuances of additional profit sharing interests for cash
0.2 
0.6 
0.2 
Redemption of profit sharing interests for cash
$ 2.9 
$ 6.8 
$ 0.9 
Borrowings and Debt - Long Term Debt Excluding Consolidated Funds (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
0 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2015
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Dec. 31, 2014
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Dec. 31, 2015
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Revolving credit facility
Dec. 31, 2014
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Revolving credit facility
Oct. 15, 2014
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Revolving credit facility
One Month Adjusted London Interbank Offered Rate LIBOR
Dec. 31, 2015
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Revolving credit facility
One Month Adjusted London Interbank Offered Rate LIBOR
Dec. 31, 2015
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Loan note two
Dec. 31, 2014
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Loan note two
Sep. 29, 2014
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Loan note two
Borrowings and debt
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revolving credit facility
 
$ 90.0 
$ 177.0 
$ 90.0 
$ 177.0 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan note two
 
37.0 
 
 
 
 
37.0 
37.0 
Total long term debt of the Company
$ 90.0 
$ 90.0 
$ 214.0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Variable rate margin (as a percent)
 
 
 
 
 
1.00% 
1.25% 
 
 
 
Variable rate additional margin (as a percent)
 
 
 
 
 
 
0.20% 
 
 
 
Borrowings and Debt - Narrative (Details) (USD $)
12 Months Ended 1 Months Ended 0 Months Ended 0 Months Ended 12 Months Ended 0 Months Ended 12 Months Ended 0 Months Ended 1 Months Ended 12 Months Ended 0 Months Ended 0 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2013
Dec. 31, 2015
Revolving credit facility
Pro forma
Dec. 31, 2011
Loan note two
Old Mutual plc
Sep. 29, 2014
Loan note two
Old Mutual plc
Dec. 31, 2015
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Dec. 31, 2014
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Dec. 31, 2013
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Oct. 15, 2014
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Revolving credit facility
Dec. 31, 2015
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Revolving credit facility
Dec. 31, 2014
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Revolving credit facility
Oct. 15, 2014
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Revolving credit facility
Oct. 15, 2014
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Revolving credit facility
Minimum
Oct. 15, 2014
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Revolving credit facility
Maximum
Oct. 15, 2014
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Revolving credit facility
Prime Rate
Oct. 15, 2014
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Revolving credit facility
Prime Rate
Minimum
Oct. 15, 2014
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Revolving credit facility
Prime Rate
Maximum
Oct. 15, 2014
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Revolving credit facility
Federal Funds Effective Swap Rate
Oct. 15, 2014
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Revolving credit facility
One Month Adjusted London Interbank Offered Rate LIBOR
Dec. 31, 2015
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Revolving credit facility
One Month Adjusted London Interbank Offered Rate LIBOR
Oct. 15, 2014
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Revolving credit facility
One, two, three or six months rate LIBOR
Minimum
Oct. 15, 2014
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Revolving credit facility
One, two, three or six months rate LIBOR
Maximum
Dec. 31, 2015
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Revolving credit facility
LIBOR
Sep. 30, 2005
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Related party credit facility
Old Mutual plc
Mar. 31, 2013
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Related party credit facility
Old Mutual plc
Dec. 31, 2014
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Related party credit facility
LIBOR
Aug. 15, 2014
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Term loan two
Dec. 15, 2013
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Term loan two
Nov. 1, 2013
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Term loan two
Dec. 1, 2012
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Term loan two
Dec. 31, 2014
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Term loan two
Sep. 30, 2010
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Term loan two
Sep. 29, 2014
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Loan note one
Old Mutual plc
Dec. 31, 2015
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Loan note two
Dec. 31, 2014
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Loan note two
Sep. 29, 2014
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Loan note two
Sep. 29, 2014
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Loan note two
Old Mutual plc
Sep. 29, 2014
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Loan note two
Minimum
Old Mutual plc
Dec. 31, 2008
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Term loan one
Dec. 31, 2008
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Term loan one
Old Mutual plc
Dec. 31, 2015
Consolidated Funds
Dec. 31, 2014
Consolidated Funds
Dec. 31, 2013
Consolidated Funds
Borrowings and debt
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Maximum borrowing capacity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ 350,000,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Variable rate basis
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
prime rate 
 
 
federal funds effective rate 
one month Adjusted LIBO Rate 
 
 
 
 
 
 
LIBOR 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Variable rate margin (as a percent)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
0.50% 
1.00% 
1.25% 
1.25% 
2.00% 
1.25% 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6.34% 
 
 
 
 
Variable rate additional margin (as a percent)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
0.25% 
1.00% 
 
 
0.20% 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Undrawn amounts fee (as a percent)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
0.20% 
 
 
 
0.20% 
0.50% 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
0.50% 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ratio of third-party borrowings to trailing twelve months Adjusted EBITDA
 
 
 
0.4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3.0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest coverage ratio
 
 
 
85.1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4.0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revolving credit facility
 
 
 
 
 
 
90,000,000 
177,000,000 
 
 
90,000,000 
177,000,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Repayment of principal
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2,500,000 
1,500,000 
12,000,000 
500,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,000,000 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes payable to related parties
 
 
 
 
 
 
37,000,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
37,000,000 
37,000,000 
 
 
 
 
318,700,000 
 
Term of loan
 
 
 
 
2 years 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5 years 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10 years 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt
 
 
 
 
30,100,000.0 
37,000,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
16,500,000 
175,000,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
900,000,000 
 
 
 
Interest rate (as a percent)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5.23% 
 
3.00% 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Maximum borrowing capacity on related party debt
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
750,000,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense
3,100,000 
50,600,000 
72,200,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
135,500,000 
149,300,000 
Weighted average interest rate
 
 
 
 
 
 
1.40% 
1.43% 
6.53% 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value of borrowings
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ 3,794,100,000 
 
Borrowings and Debt - Long Term Debt of Consolidated Funds (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Borrowings and debt
 
 
Total long term debt of the Company
$ 90.0 
 
Consolidated Funds
 
 
Borrowings and debt
 
 
Notes payable to related parties
318.7 
Long term debt
3,777.2 
Total long term debt of the Company
4,095.9 
Consolidated Funds |
Shareholder Loans and Note Interest
 
 
Borrowings and debt
 
 
Notes payable to related parties
318.7 
Consolidated Funds |
Shareholder Loans and Note Interest |
Australian Bank Bill Reference Rate
 
 
Borrowings and debt
 
 
Variable rate basis
BBSW 
 
Variable rate margin (as a percent)
5.50% 
 
Consolidated Funds |
Medium-term Notes |
Term Loan A
 
 
Borrowings and debt
 
 
Long term debt
163.0 
Minimum interest rate (as a percent)
6.00% 
 
Maximum interest rate (as a percent)
6.26% 
 
Consolidated Funds |
Medium-term Notes |
Term Loan B
 
 
Borrowings and debt
 
 
Long term debt
261.3 
Minimum interest rate (as a percent)
5.93% 
 
Consolidated Funds |
Medium-term Notes |
Term Loan B |
LIBOR
 
 
Borrowings and debt
 
 
Variable rate basis
LIBOR 
 
Consolidated Funds |
Medium-term Notes |
Term Loan B |
LIBOR |
Maximum
 
 
Borrowings and debt
 
 
Variable rate margin (as a percent)
1.61% 
 
Consolidated Funds |
Senior Notes |
Senior Secured Notes
 
 
Borrowings and debt
 
 
Long term debt
860.0 
Minimum interest rate (as a percent)
6.19% 
 
Maximum interest rate (as a percent)
6.38% 
 
Consolidated Funds |
Secured Bank Loan
 
 
Borrowings and debt
 
 
Long term debt
109.7 
Consolidated Funds |
Notes Payable
 
 
Borrowings and debt
 
 
Long term debt
$ 0 
$ 2,383.2 
Borrowings and Debt - Maturities of Debt Commitments (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Aggregate maturities
 
 
2016
$ 0 
 
2017
 
2018
 
2019
90.0 
 
2020
 
Thereafter
 
Total
90.0 
 
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
 
 
Aggregate maturities
 
 
Total
90.0 
214.0 
Consolidated Funds
 
 
Aggregate maturities
 
 
Total
$ 0 
$ 4,095.9 
Income Taxes (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2013
Current:
 
 
 
Federal
$ 40.8 
$ 41.6 
$ 0 
State
7.4 
5.1 
4.5 
Foreign
1.3 
1.3 
0.5 
Total current
49.5 
48.0 
5.0 
Deferred:
 
 
 
Federal
(4.5)
(37.4)
12.0 
State
(4.5)
0.5 
(3.9)
Foreign
6.1 
1.7 
0.2 
Total deferred
(2.9)
(35.2)
8.3 
Total tax expense
46.6 
12.8 
13.3 
Income tax expense (benefits) from discontinued operations
 
 
 
Income tax expense (benefit) included in discontinued operations
1.0 
5.2 
Income tax expense (benefit) on gain (loss) disposal of discontinued operations
0.5 
1.5 
(2.3)
Net operating loss carryforwards utilized
$ 4.0 
$ 1.6 
$ 33.8 
Income Taxes - Federal Tax Rate Reconciliation (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2013
Reconciliation of the difference between the Company's U.S. Federal statutory income tax rate and effective income tax rate for continuing operations
 
 
 
Tax at U.S. federal statutory income tax rate
35.00% 
35.00% 
35.00% 
State income taxes, net of federal benefit
3.00% 
(7.30%)
(2.70%)
Non-deductible expenses
0.00% 
1.60% 
(0.10%)
Interest expense
(9.30%)
14.70% 
0.00% 
Dividends from foreign subsidiaries
0.30% 
(6.60%)
0.00% 
Parent company expense carve-out adjustment
0.00% 
(3.60%)
(1.40%)
Adjustment to liabilities for uncertain tax positions
(0.40%)
2.20% 
1.30% 
Change in valuation allowance
(3.40%)
34.90% 
1.00% 
Effect of foreign operations
(1.00%)
2.50% 
0.70% 
Effect of changes in tax law, rates
(0.50%)
(10.80%)
(1.60%)
Effect of income from non-controlling interest
0.00% 
(108.40%)
(48.60%)
Other
(0.50%)
6.10% 
0.50% 
Effective income tax rate from continuing operations
23.20% 
(39.70%)
(15.90%)
Foreign unremitted earnings indefinitely reinvested
$ 9.5 
 
 
Foreign Tax Credit Carryforwards [Member]
 
 
 
Reconciliation of the difference between the Company's U.S. Federal statutory income tax rate and effective income tax rate for continuing operations
 
 
 
Change in valuation allowance
4.5 
 
 
State Net Operating Loss Carrforwards [Member]
 
 
 
Reconciliation of the difference between the Company's U.S. Federal statutory income tax rate and effective income tax rate for continuing operations
 
 
 
Change in valuation allowance
2.0 
 
 
Federal Net Operating Loss Carryforwards [Member]
 
 
 
Reconciliation of the difference between the Company's U.S. Federal statutory income tax rate and effective income tax rate for continuing operations
 
 
 
Change in valuation allowance
 
$ 11.3 
 
Income Taxes - Significant Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities and Additional Information (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
12 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2015
Federal
Dec. 31, 2015
Federal
Minimum
Dec. 31, 2015
Federal
Maximum
Dec. 31, 2015
State
Dec. 31, 2015
State
Minimum
Dec. 31, 2015
State
Maximum
Dec. 31, 2015
Foreign
Minimum
Dec. 31, 2015
Foreign
Maximum
Dec. 31, 2015
Expiration of Statutory Limit
State
Dec. 31, 2015
Credits Claimed For Previously Deducted Taxes
Deferred tax assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense
$ 164.3 
$ 181.1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federal net operating loss
8.1 
12.7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
State net operating loss carry forwards
8.4 
27.2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment partnerships
132.4 
121.0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign tax credit carry forwards
15.4 
6.4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10.0 
Intangible assets
1.8 
2.5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Employee compensation
14.8 
8.8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other
5.6 
4.5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash flow hedge
1.6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total deferred tax assets
352.4 
364.2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Valuation allowance
(6.4)
(33.9)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance
346.0 
330.3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred tax liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Undistributed earnings of subsidiaries
4.4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net deferred tax asset
341.6 
330.3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating loss carryforwards
 
 
23.2 
 
 
188.4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Expiration period of operating loss carryforwards
 
 
 
8 years 
15 years 
 
6 years 
16 years 
1 year 
9 years 
 
 
Change in valuation allowance
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ 18.4 
 
Income Taxes - Reconciliation of the Change in Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits and Additional Information (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2013
Reconciliation of the change in gross unrecognized tax benefits
 
 
 
Balance as of January 1
$ 93.9 
$ 97.2 
$ 106.2 
Additions based on tax positions of prior years
0.1 
Reductions for tax provisions of prior years
(1.5)
(6.9)
Reductions related to lapses of statutes of limitations
(0.4)
(1.8)
(2.2)
Balance as of December 31
93.5 
93.9 
97.2 
Liability for unrecognized tax benefits that would affect the effective tax rate if recognized
94.3 
93.2 
 
Interest and penalties recognized in income tax provision
1.4 
(0.4)
Accrued interest and penalties relating to unrecognized tax benefits
2.8 
1.4 
1.4 
Amount of decrease to unrecognized tax benefits reasonably possible within next 12 months
$ 3.3 
 
 
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) (Maximum, USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Maximum
 
 
Operational commitments
 
 
Commitments to invest with an Affiliate
$ 15.7 
$ 30.0 
Earnings Per Share (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, except Share data, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Sep. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2015
Mar. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Sep. 30, 2014
Jun. 30, 2014
Mar. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2013
Numerator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to controlling interests
$ 36.9 
$ 35.0 
$ 49.4 
$ 34.2 
$ 34.3 
$ (1.7)
$ 8.8 
$ 10.3 
$ 155.5 
$ 51.7 
$ 25.7 
Less: Total income available to participating unvested securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
0.6 
Total net income (loss) attributable to ordinary shares
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ 154.9 
$ 51.7 
$ 25.7 
Denominator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted-average ordinary shares outstanding—basic
120,000,000 
120,000,000 
120,000,000 
120,000,000 
 
 
 
 
120,000,000 
 
 
Restricted stock units
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
497,997 
 
 
Weighted-average ordinary shares outstanding—diluted
120,600,000 
120,500,000 
120,500,000 
120,400,000 
 
 
 
 
120,497,997 
 
 
Pro forma earnings per ordinary share attributable to controlling interests:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings per share, basic (dollars per share)
$ 0.31 
$ 0.29 
$ 0.41 
$ 0.28 
 
 
 
 
$ 1.29 
 
 
Earnings per share, diluted (dollars per share)
$ 0.30 
$ 0.29 
$ 0.41 
$ 0.28 
 
 
 
 
$ 1.29 
 
 
Pro forma
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Denominator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted-average ordinary shares outstanding—basic
 
 
 
 
120,000,000 
120,000,000 
120,000,000 
120,000,000 
 
120,000,000 
120,000,000 
Restricted stock units
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted-average ordinary shares outstanding—diluted
 
 
 
 
120,000,000 
120,000,000 
120,000,000 
120,000,000 
 
120,000,000 
120,000,000 
Pro forma earnings per ordinary share attributable to controlling interests:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings per share, basic (dollars per share)
 
 
 
 
$ 0.28 
$ (0.01)
$ 0.07 
$ 0.09 
 
$ 0.43 
$ 0.21 
Earnings per share, diluted (dollars per share)
 
 
 
 
$ 0.28 
$ (0.01)
$ 0.07 
$ 0.09 
 
$ 0.43 
$ 0.21 
Employee Benefits (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2013
Compensation and Retirement Disclosure [Abstract]
 
 
 
Other compensation liabilities
$ 66.8 
$ 59.5 
 
Assets invested in defined contribution plans
66.9 
59.7 
 
Expenses in relation to qualified & non-qualified plans
$ 12.5 
$ 10.8 
$ 8.7 
Equity-based Compensation (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
0 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Apr. 1, 2011
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2013
Apr. 1, 2011
Dec. 31, 2007
Deferred Compensation, Share-based Arrangements Rollforward [Roll Forward]
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, end of period
 
$ 38.5 
$ 42.3 
 
 
 
Cash Settled Awards
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred Compensation, Share-based Arrangements Rollforward [Roll Forward]
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, beginning of period
 
42.3 
86.0 
65.8 
 
 
Amortization and revaluation of granted awards
 
0.2 
43.4 
30.0 
 
 
Reclassification of modified equity-settled award
 
0.9 
 
 
Reclassification to profit-interests award
 
(2.8)
(1.7)
 
 
Affiliate disposals
 
(18.0)
 
 
Repurchase by OMAM (cash settled)
 
(1.2)
(67.4)
(10.7)
 
 
Balance, end of period
 
38.5 
42.3 
86.0 
 
 
Amortization of unrecognized compensation expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
2016
 
1.7 
 
 
 
 
2017
 
0.9 
 
 
 
 
2018
 
0.4 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
3.0 
 
 
 
 
Class B interest |
Acadian Asset Management Plan
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred Compensation, Share-based Arrangements Rollforward [Roll Forward]
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reclassification of modified equity-settled award
 
0.9 
 
 
Amortization of unrecognized compensation expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
Percentage of earnings participating employees are entitled to
 
 
14.285% 
 
 
28.57% 
Fair value at grant date
 
 
 
 
 
42.5 
Period of earnings on which multiple for redemption is based
12 months 
 
 
 
 
 
Surrender-date fair value prior to modification
 
 
 
 
7.2 
 
Excess of fair value of modified award over its pre-modification fair value
21.1 
 
 
 
 
 
Award modification vesting period.
2 years 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value transferred from non-controlling interest to parent equity
$ 35.3 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity repurchased
 
 
14.285% 
 
 
 
Equity-based Compensation - Equity-Settled Corporate Awards (Details)
In Millions, except Share data, unless otherwise specified
12 Months Ended 12 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2014
Options
An Affiliate Disposed
Dec. 31, 2015
Options
An Affiliate Disposed
Dec. 31, 2015
Restricted shares
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2013
Restricted shares
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2015
Old Mutual Compensation Plans
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2014
Old Mutual Compensation Plans
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2013
Old Mutual Compensation Plans
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2014
Old Mutual Compensation Plans
Options
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2014
Old Mutual Compensation Plans
Options
An Affiliate Disposed
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2013
Old Mutual Compensation Plans
Options
An Affiliate Disposed
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2015
Old Mutual Compensation Plans
Restricted shares
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2015
Old Mutual Compensation Plans
Restricted shares
GBP (£)
Dec. 31, 2014
Old Mutual Compensation Plans
Restricted shares
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2014
Old Mutual Compensation Plans
Restricted shares
GBP (£)
Dec. 31, 2013
Old Mutual Compensation Plans
Restricted shares
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2013
Old Mutual Compensation Plans
Restricted shares
GBP (£)
Dec. 31, 2014
Old Mutual Compensation Plans
Annual restricted stock awards
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2013
Old Mutual Compensation Plans
Annual restricted stock awards
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2015
Ipo Incentive Plan
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2014
Ipo Incentive Plan
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2013
Ipo Incentive Plan
USD ($)
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation expense
 
 
 
 
$ 0.5 
$ 4.5 
$ 5.0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ 0.6 
$ 1.0 
$ 3.8 
Income tax benefit
 
 
 
 
0.2 
1.7 
1.8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
0.2 
0.4 
1.6 
Options granted
249,821 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Outstanding shares
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average share price at date of exercise (in dollars per share)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ 3.30 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Expense classified within discontinued operations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
0.2 
0.1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value at grant date
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
0.2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Vesting period
 
 
3 years 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Number of shares
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Outstanding at beginning of year (in shares)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
682,346 
682,346 
3,954,534 
3,954,534 
2,888,925 
2,888,925 
 
 
 
 
 
Granted during the year (in shares)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3,576,379 
3,576,379 
1,996,967 
1,996,967 
2,416,327 
1,996,967 
 
 
 
Forfeited during the year (in shares)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(10,711)
(10,711)
(64,778)
(64,778)
 
 
 
 
 
Exercised during the year (in shares)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(472,545)
(472,545)
(878,217)
(878,217)
(543,708)
(543,708)
 
 
 
 
 
Other transfers (in shares)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(5,959,639)
(5,959,639)
(322,872)
(322,872)
 
 
 
 
 
Outstanding at end of year (in shares)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
209,801 
209,801 
682,346 
682,346 
3,954,534 
3,954,534 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average grant date fair value per share
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average grant date fair value per share, beginning balance
 
 
$ 2.92 
$ 2.85 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ 2.92 
£ 1.77 
$ 2.70 
£ 1.73 
$ 2.30 
£ 1.47 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average grant date fair value per share, granted during the year
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ 0.00 
£ 0.00 
$ 3.35 
£ 2.03 
$ 3.03 
£ 1.94 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average grant date fair value per share, forfeited during the year
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ 0.00 
£ 0.00 
$ 3.35 
£ 2.03 
$ 2.36 
£ 1.51 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average grant date fair value per share, exercised during the year
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ 2.50 
£ 1.67 
$ 2.39 
£ 1.45 
$ 1.95 
£ 1.25 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average grant date fair value per share, other transfers
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ 0.00 
£ 0.00 
 
 
$ 0.00 
£ 0.00 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average grant date fair value per share, ending balance
 
 
 
$ 2.85 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ 3.00 
£ 2.00 
$ 2.92 
£ 1.77 
$ 2.70 
£ 1.73 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrecognized expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value of awards
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8.1 
6.1 
 
 
 
Unrecognized expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ 0.5 
 
 
Equity-based Compensation - OM Asset Management Equity Incentive Plan (Details)
In Millions, except Share data, unless otherwise specified
12 Months Ended 0 Months Ended 12 Months Ended 0 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2015
Restricted shares
Dec. 31, 2015
Old Mutual Compensation Plans
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2014
Old Mutual Compensation Plans
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2013
Old Mutual Compensation Plans
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2015
Old Mutual Compensation Plans
Restricted shares
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2015
Old Mutual Compensation Plans
Restricted shares
GBP (£)
Dec. 31, 2014
Old Mutual Compensation Plans
Restricted shares
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2014
Old Mutual Compensation Plans
Restricted shares
GBP (£)
Dec. 31, 2013
Old Mutual Compensation Plans
Restricted shares
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2013
Old Mutual Compensation Plans
Restricted shares
GBP (£)
Oct. 8, 2014
Old Mutual Compensation Plans
OM Group UK
Dec. 31, 2015
OM Asset Management Equity Incentive Plan
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2014
OM Asset Management Equity Incentive Plan
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2015
OM Asset Management Equity Incentive Plan
Restricted shares
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2014
OM Asset Management Equity Incentive Plan
Restricted shares
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2013
OM Asset Management Equity Incentive Plan
Restricted shares
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2015
OM Asset Management Equity Incentive Plan
Restricted shares
Minimum
Dec. 31, 2015
OM Asset Management Equity Incentive Plan
Restricted shares
Maximum
Dec. 31, 2015
OM Asset Management Equity Incentive Plan
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2014
OM Asset Management Equity Incentive Plan
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2013
OM Asset Management Equity Incentive Plan
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2015
OM Asset Management Equity Incentive Plan
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Minimum
Dec. 31, 2015
OM Asset Management Equity Incentive Plan
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Maximum
Dec. 31, 2015
OM Asset Management Equity Incentive Plan
Performance-Based RSU's
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2014
OM Asset Management Equity Incentive Plan
Performance-Based RSU's
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2013
OM Asset Management Equity Incentive Plan
Performance-Based RSU's
USD ($)
Oct. 8, 2014
OM Asset Management Equity Incentive Plan
OM Group UK
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading days on which exchange is based
3 days 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equivalent number shares exchanged
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5,914,981 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,212,766 
Compensation expense
 
 
$ 0.5 
$ 4.5 
$ 5.0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ 11.8 
$ 3.2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income tax benefit
 
 
0.2 
1.7 
1.8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4.6 
1.2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation costs to be recognized next year
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ 7.8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Vesting period
 
3 years 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1 year 
3 years 
 
 
 
1 year 
3 years 
3 years 
 
 
 
Expected dividend yield
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
0.00% 
 
 
 
Risk-free interest rate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1.08% 
 
 
 
Expected volatility rate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
24.80% 
 
 
 
Number of shares
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Outstanding at beginning of year (in shares)
 
 
 
 
 
682,346 
682,346 
3,954,534 
3,954,534 
2,888,925 
2,888,925 
 
 
 
1,212,766 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Converted during the year (in shares)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,212,766 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Granted during the year (in shares)
 
 
 
 
 
3,576,379 
3,576,379 
1,996,967 
1,996,967 
 
 
 
559,709 
 
 
 
47,055 
 
 
 
451,657 
 
 
Forfeited during the year (in shares)
 
 
 
 
 
(10,711)
(10,711)
(64,778)
(64,778)
 
 
 
(2,128)
(10,225)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exercised during the year (in shares)
 
 
 
 
 
(472,545)
(472,545)
(878,217)
(878,217)
(543,708)
(543,708)
 
 
 
(203,700)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other transfers (in shares)
 
 
 
 
 
5,959,639 
5,959,639 
322,872 
322,872 
 
 
 
10,225 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Outstanding at end of year (in shares)
 
 
 
 
 
209,801 
209,801 
682,346 
682,346 
3,954,534 
3,954,534 
 
 
 
1,566,647 
1,212,766 
 
 
47,055 
 
 
451,657 
 
Weighted average grant date fair value per share
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Outstanding
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ 15.28 
$ 14.00 
$ 0.00 
 
 
$ 17.65 
$ 0.00 
$ 0.00 
 
 
$ 24.65 
$ 0.00 
$ 0.00 
 
Converted during the year
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ 0.00 
$ 14.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Granted during the year
 
 
 
 
 
$ 0.00 
£ 0.00 
$ 3.35 
£ 2.03 
$ 3.03 
£ 1.94 
 
 
 
$ 17.60 
$ 0.00 
 
 
 
$ 17.65 
$ 0.00 
 
 
 
$ 24.65 
$ 0.00 
 
 
Forfeited during the year
 
 
 
 
 
$ 0.00 
£ 0.00 
$ 3.35 
£ 2.03 
$ 2.36 
£ 1.51 
 
 
 
$ 17.65 
$ 15.46 
 
 
 
$ 0.00 
$ 0.00 
 
 
 
$ 0.00 
$ 0.00 
 
 
Exercised during the year
 
 
 
 
 
$ 2.50 
£ 1.67 
$ 2.39 
£ 1.45 
$ 1.95 
£ 1.25 
 
 
 
$ 14.00 
$ 0.00 
 
 
 
$ 0.00 
$ 0.00 
 
 
 
$ 0.00 
$ 0.00 
 
 
Other transfers
 
 
 
 
 
$ 0.00 
£ 0.00 
 
 
$ 0.00 
£ 0.00 
 
 
 
$ 0.00 
$ 15.46 
 
 
 
$ 0.00 
$ 0.00 
 
 
 
$ 0.00 
$ 0.00 
 
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2013
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
 
 
 
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment, Net of Tax
$ (1.5)
$ (2.5)
$ (19.1)
Change in Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Derivative Securities, Net of Tax
(6.6)
AOCI
 
 
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
 
 
 
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment, before Tax
(1.5)
(20.4)
(17.9)
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment, Tax
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment, Net of Tax
(1.5)
(20.4)
(17.9)
Change in Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Derivative Securities, before Tax
(8.2)
 
 
Change in Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Derivative Securities, Tax
1.6 
 
 
Change in Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Derivative Securities, Net of Tax
(6.6)
 
 
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), before Tax
(9.7)
(20.4)
(17.9)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Tax
1.6 
Total other comprehensive income (loss)
$ (8.1)
$ (20.4)
$ (17.9)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income - Components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
0 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Jan. 1, 2015
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2013
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
 
 
 
 
Balance
$ 2,495.5 
$ 2,495.5 
$ 2,132.6 
$ 2,343.1 
Balance
 
165.9 
2,495.5 
2,132.6 
Valuation of derivative securities, net of tax
 
(6.6)
Foreign currency translation adjustment
 
 
 
 
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
 
 
 
 
Balance
(20.4)
(20.4)
 
 
Other comprehensive income (loss)
 
(1.5)
(2.5)
(19.1)
De-consolidation of Funds
23.9 
23.9 
 
 
Balance
 
2.0 
(20.4)
 
Valuation of derivative securities
 
 
 
 
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
 
 
 
 
Balance
 
 
Other comprehensive income (loss)
 
(6.6)
 
 
De-consolidation of Funds
 
 
 
Balance
 
(6.6)
 
 
AOCI
 
 
 
 
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
 
 
 
 
Balance
(20.4)
(20.4)
 
 
Other comprehensive income (loss)
 
(8.1)
(20.4)
(17.9)
De-consolidation of Funds
 
23.9 
 
 
Balance
 
(4.6)
(20.4)
 
Valuation of derivative securities, net of tax
 
(6.6)
 
 
Tax on derivative gain
 
1.6 
 
 
Interest Expense
 
 
 
 
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
 
 
 
 
Reclassification from AOCI to interest expense
 
$ 0.6 
 
 
Non-controlling interests (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2013
Noncontrolling Interests
 
 
 
Redeemable non-controlling interests in consolidated Funds
$ 0 
$ 61.9 
 
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
 
 
 
Noncontrolling Interests
 
 
 
Non-controlling interests
0.1 
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests
0.1 
Consolidated Funds
 
 
 
Noncontrolling Interests
 
 
 
Non-controlling interests
2,459.0 
 
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests
(95.5)
(122.3)
Redeemable non-controlling interests in consolidated Funds
$ 0 
$ 61.9 
 
Derivatives and Hedging (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2013
Dec. 31, 2015
Interest Expense
Dec. 31, 2016
Interest Expense
Forecast
Dec. 31, 2015
AOCI
Dec. 31, 2015
Treasury rate lock
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Dec. 31, 2014
Treasury rate lock
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Jul. 31, 2015
Treasury rate lock
Designated as a hedge
Dec. 31, 2015
Foreign exchange contracts
Not designated
Consolidated Funds
Other assets
Dec. 31, 2014
Foreign exchange contracts
Not designated
Consolidated Funds
Other assets
Dec. 31, 2015
Foreign exchange contracts
Not designated
Consolidated Funds
Other liabilities
Dec. 31, 2014
Foreign exchange contracts
Not designated
Consolidated Funds
Other liabilities
Dec. 31, 2015
Foreign exchange contracts
Not designated
Long
Consolidated Funds
Dec. 31, 2014
Foreign exchange contracts
Not designated
Long
Consolidated Funds
Dec. 31, 2015
Foreign exchange contracts
Not designated
Short
Consolidated Funds
Dec. 31, 2014
Foreign exchange contracts
Not designated
Short
Consolidated Funds
Dec. 31, 2015
Interest rate swap
Not designated
Consolidated Funds
Dec. 31, 2014
Interest rate swap
Not designated
Consolidated Funds
Dec. 31, 2015
Interest rate swap
Not designated
Consolidated Funds
Other assets
Dec. 31, 2014
Interest rate swap
Not designated
Consolidated Funds
Other assets
Dec. 31, 2015
Interest rate swap
Not designated
Consolidated Funds
Other liabilities
Dec. 31, 2014
Interest rate swap
Not designated
Consolidated Funds
Other liabilities
Dec. 31, 2015
Warrants
Not designated
Consolidated Funds
Investments
Dec. 31, 2014
Warrants
Not designated
Consolidated Funds
Investments
Dec. 31, 2015
Total return swap
Not designated
Consolidated Funds
Other assets
Dec. 31, 2014
Total return swap
Not designated
Consolidated Funds
Other assets
Dec. 31, 2015
Total return swap
Not designated
Consolidated Funds
Other liabilities
Dec. 31, 2014
Total return swap
Not designated
Consolidated Funds
Other liabilities
Dec. 31, 2015
Other derivatives
Not designated
Consolidated Funds
Other liabilities
Dec. 31, 2014
Other derivatives
Not designated
Consolidated Funds
Other liabilities
Dec. 31, 2015
Other derivatives
Not designated
Consolidated Funds
Investments
Dec. 31, 2014
Other derivatives
Not designated
Consolidated Funds
Investments
Derivative fair values
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative notional amount
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ 300 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Treasury rate lock hedge liability
 
 
 
 
 
 
8.8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Valuation of derivative securities, net of tax
(6.6)
 
 
(6.6)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tax on derivative gain
 
 
 
 
 
(1.6)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Hedge amount to be reclassified
 
 
 
0.6 
0.3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average notional value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3.0 
2.7 
0.4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
1.0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
0.5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
0.4 
 
 
0.1 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
$ 0 
$ 0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ 0 
$ 0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ 0 
$ 0 
$ 0 
$ 0 
 
 
$ 0 
$ 0 
$ 0 
$ 0 
 
 
Derivatives and Hedging - Effect of Derivative Instruments on Statements of Operations (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2013
Derivative gains (losses)
 
 
 
Total Gains
$ 0 
$ 0.6 
$ 2.6 
Total Losses
(0.7)
(6.7)
Foreign exchange contracts |
Not designated |
OMAM funds net gains (losses) |
Consolidated Funds
 
 
 
Derivative gains (losses)
 
 
 
Realized gains
0.1 
Realized losses
(0.1)
Unrealized gains
Unrealized losses
(1.7)
Change in unrealized appreciation
0.1 
Change in unrealized depreciation
(4.9)
Total return swap |
Not designated |
OMAM funds net gains (losses) |
Consolidated Funds
 
 
 
Derivative gains (losses)
 
 
 
Realized gains
Realized losses
(0.3)
Interest rate swap |
Not designated |
OMAM funds net gains (losses) |
Consolidated Funds
 
 
 
Derivative gains (losses)
 
 
 
Unrealized gains
0.5 
Unrealized losses
(0.4)
Change in unrealized appreciation
0.4 
Change in unrealized depreciation
Futures contracts |
Not designated |
OMAM funds net gains (losses) |
Consolidated Funds
 
 
 
Derivative gains (losses)
 
 
 
Change in unrealized appreciation
0.4 
Change in unrealized depreciation
Other derivatives |
Not designated |
OMAM funds net gains (losses) |
Consolidated Funds
 
 
 
Derivative gains (losses)
 
 
 
Unrealized gains
1.1 
Unrealized losses
Change in unrealized appreciation
0.6 
Change in unrealized depreciation
$ 0 
$ 0 
$ 0 
Discontinued Operations and Restructuring (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, except Per Share data, unless otherwise specified
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2013
Discontinued Operations and Restructuring
 
 
 
Discontinued net income (loss)
$ 0 
$ (1.1)
$ 2.7 
Gain (loss) on disposal, net of tax of $0.5, $(1.5) and $2.3
0.8 
2.3 
(2.1)
Discontinued Operations, Disposed of by Means Other than Sale
 
 
 
Discontinued Operations and Restructuring
 
 
 
Revenues
38.0 
84.8 
Compensation expense
30.9 
50.7 
Depreciation
0.2 
0.5 
Other operating expenses
9.8 
16.2 
Amortization and impairment of goodwill & intangibles
0.1 
Operating income (loss)
(2.9)
17.3 
Investment gain (loss)
2.8 
(9.4)
Net interest income (expense)
0.1 
Income (loss) before taxes
7.9 
Income taxes
1.1 
5.2 
Discontinued net income (loss)
(1.1)
2.7 
Gain (loss) on disposal, net of tax of $0.5, $(1.5) and $2.3
0.8 
2.3 
(2.1)
Tax on gain on disposal
0.5 
(1.5)
2.3 
Total discontinued operations
0.8 
1.2 
0.6 
Attributable to non-controlling interests
4.7 
(5.8)
Attributable to controlling interests
0.8 
(3.5)
6.4 
Pro forma earnings (loss) per share (basic) attributable to controlling interests
$ 0.01 
$ (0.03)
$ 0.05 
Pro forma earnings (loss) per share (diluted) attributable to controlling interests
$ 0.01 
$ (0.03)
$ 0.05 
Discontinued operation and restructuring liability rollforward
 
 
 
Beginning balance at January 1
5.6 
8.6 
 
Abandoned lease liability principle payments
(1.6)
(0.4)
 
Accrual of wind-up costs in relation to discontinued operation
(0.3)
0.3 
 
Payment of wind-up costs in relation to discontinued operation
(2.6)
 
Adjustment to sub-lease arrangement on abandoned lease
0.4 
1.2 
 
Drawdowns on committed funding
(1.5)
 
Ending balance at December 31
$ 4.1 
$ 5.6 
$ 8.6 
Segment Information - Additional Information (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
12 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
segment
Jun. 30, 2015
Reconciling items
Dec. 31, 2015
Reconciling items
Dec. 31, 2015
Consolidated Funds
Dec. 31, 2014
Consolidated Funds
Dec. 31, 2013
Consolidated Funds
Dec. 31, 2015
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Dec. 31, 2014
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Dec. 31, 2013
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Dec. 31, 2015
Investments in equity - accounted affiliates
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Reconciling items
Dec. 31, 2014
Investments in equity - accounted affiliates
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Reconciling items
Dec. 31, 2013
Investments in equity - accounted affiliates
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
Reconciling items
Segment information
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Number of reportable segments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exclude revenue from consolidated Funds attributable to non-controlling interests
 
 
 
$ 0 
$ 430.5 
$ 408.8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment income
 
 
 
 
 
 
13.0 
12.2 
10.7 
12.7 
9.6 
7.7 
Non-recurring performance fees, net
 
11.4 
11.4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Variable compensation expense, net of non-recurring performance fee
 
 
$ 174.0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Segment Information - Economic Impact After Taxes (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Sep. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2015
Mar. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Sep. 30, 2014
Jun. 30, 2014
Mar. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2013
Reconciliation of Economic Net Income to U.S. GAAP net income (loss) attributable to controlling interest and EBITDA
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to controlling interests
$ 36.9 
$ 35.0 
$ 49.4 
$ 34.2 
$ 34.3 
$ (1.7)
$ 8.8 
$ 10.3 
$ 155.5 
$ 51.7 
$ 25.7 
Tax on economic net income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
46.6 
12.8 
13.3 
Tax rate, federal and state
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
40.20% 
 
 
Non-recurring performance fees
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
48.1 
Reconciling items
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reconciliation of Economic Net Income to U.S. GAAP net income (loss) attributable to controlling interest and EBITDA
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-cash notional parent corporate cost allocation
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3.4 
3.3 
Intercompany interest expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
49.8 
72.2 
Co-investment (gain) loss
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(2.6)
(3.0)
Non-cash key employee-owned equity and profit-interest revaluations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
18.2 
83.0 
47.7 
Capital transaction costs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.3 
Discontinued operations attributable to controlling interests
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(0.2)
5.8 
(6.3)
ENI tax normalization
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(6.3)
(6.7)
1.2 
Tax on economic net income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(8.6)
(33.2)
(18.0)
Non-recurring performance fees, net
 
 
(11.4)
 
 
 
 
 
(11.4)
 
 
Tax effect related to the purchase of addition ownership in Affiliate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
31.6 
 
Restructuring charges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
0.5 
2.3 
Non-recurring performance fees
 
 
(48.1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating segments |
Segment providing investment management services and products to predominantly institutional clients
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reconciliation of Economic Net Income to U.S. GAAP net income (loss) attributable to controlling interest and EBITDA
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Economic net income (including the non-recurring performance fee)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
161.1 
151.3 
122.9 
Non-recurring performance fees, net
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(11.4)
Economic net income, excluding the non-recurring performance fee
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ 149.7 
$ 151.3 
$ 122.9 
Segment Information - US GAAP Revenue (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Sep. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2015
Mar. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Sep. 30, 2014
Jun. 30, 2014
Mar. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2013
Reconciliation of Revenues included in Economic Net Income to U.S. GAAP Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues
$ 163.4 
$ 161.8 
$ 213.5 
$ 160.6 
$ 266.5 
$ 260.0 
$ 260.3 
$ 269.4 
$ 699.3 
$ 1,056.3 
$ 928.6 
Non-recurring performance fees
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(48.1)
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reconciliation of Revenues included in Economic Net Income to U.S. GAAP Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
13.0 
12.2 
10.7 
Consolidated Funds
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reconciliation of Revenues included in Economic Net Income to U.S. GAAP Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exclude revenue from consolidated Funds attributable to non-controlling interests
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(430.5)
(408.8)
Reconciling items
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reconciliation of Revenues included in Economic Net Income to U.S. GAAP Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-recurring performance fees
 
 
48.1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating segments |
Segment providing investment management services and products to predominantly institutional clients
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reconciliation of Revenues included in Economic Net Income to U.S. GAAP Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ENI revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
663.9 
635.4 
527.5 
Investments in equity - accounted affiliates |
Reconciling items |
Consolidated Entity Excluding Consolidated Funds
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reconciliation of Revenues included in Economic Net Income to U.S. GAAP Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ 12.7 
$ 9.6 
$ 7.7 
Segment Information - US GAAP Expense (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2013
Segment information
 
 
 
Operating expenses
$ 508.1 
$ 1,123.5 
$ 1,028.1 
Amortization of acquired intangibles
(0.1)
(0.1)
(0.1)
Reconciling items
 
 
 
Segment information
 
 
 
Affiliate key employee equity revaluations
(18.5)
(83.0)
(47.7)
Amortization of acquired intangibles
(0.2)
(0.1)
(0.1)
Non-cash notional parent corporate cost allocation
(3.4)
(3.3)
Other items excluded from ENI
(4.4)
(2.2)
0.1 
Funds' operating expenses
(604.0)
(602.1)
Variable compensation
(201.0)
 
 
Operating segments |
Segment providing investment management services and products to predominantly institutional clients
 
 
 
Segment information
 
 
 
Variable compensation
(201.0)
(169.8)
(153.8)
Affiliate key employee distributions
(38.8)
(40.1)
(28.4)
ENI operating expense
$ 245.2 
$ 220.9 
$ 192.8 
Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, except Share data, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Sep. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2015
Mar. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Sep. 30, 2014
Jun. 30, 2014
Mar. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2013
Earnings Per Share [Line Items}
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues
$ 163.4 
$ 161.8 
$ 213.5 
$ 160.6 
$ 266.5 
$ 260.0 
$ 260.3 
$ 269.4 
$ 699.3 
$ 1,056.3 
$ 928.6 
Operating income (loss)
40.9 
43.0 
62.9 
44.4 
(9.1)
(18.2)
(45.6)
5.6 
191.2 
(67.2)
(99.5)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
43.7 
46.7 
64.7 
46.2 
19.2 
(15.7)
(44.1)
8.4 
201.3 
(32.2)
(83.8)
Net income (loss)
36.9 
35.0 
49.4 
34.2 
16.1 
(8.4)
(55.6)
4.1 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) attributable to controlling interests
$ 36.9 
$ 35.0 
$ 49.4 
$ 34.2 
$ 34.3 
$ (1.7)
$ 8.8 
$ 10.3 
$ 155.5 
$ 51.7 
$ 25.7 
Earnings per share, basic (dollars per share)
$ 0.31 
$ 0.29 
$ 0.41 
$ 0.28 
 
 
 
 
$ 1.29 
 
 
Earnings per share, diluted (dollars per share)
$ 0.30 
$ 0.29 
$ 0.41 
$ 0.28 
 
 
 
 
$ 1.29 
 
 
Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Basic (in shares)
120,000,000 
120,000,000 
120,000,000 
120,000,000 
 
 
 
 
120,000,000 
 
 
Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Diluted (in shares)
120,600,000 
120,500,000 
120,500,000 
120,400,000 
 
 
 
 
120,497,997 
 
 
Pro forma
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings Per Share [Line Items}
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings per share, basic (dollars per share)
 
 
 
 
$ 0.28 
$ (0.01)
$ 0.07 
$ 0.09 
 
$ 0.43 
$ 0.21 
Earnings per share, diluted (dollars per share)
 
 
 
 
$ 0.28 
$ (0.01)
$ 0.07 
$ 0.09 
 
$ 0.43 
$ 0.21 
Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Basic (in shares)
 
 
 
 
120,000,000 
120,000,000 
120,000,000 
120,000,000 
 
120,000,000 
120,000,000 
Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Diluted (in shares)
 
 
 
 
120,000,000 
120,000,000 
120,000,000 
120,000,000 
 
120,000,000 
120,000,000