Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K
x     ANNUAL	 	REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934	
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002
OR
¨	 	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934	
Commission File No. 1-11778

ACE LIMITED
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
Cayman Islands	 	98-0091805	
(Jurisdiction of Incorporation)	 	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)	
ACE Global Headquarters
17 Woodbourne Avenue
Hamilton HM 08
Bermuda
(441) 295-5200
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number,
including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
 
Title of Each Class
	  	Name of Exchange
on which Registered
	
Ordinary Shares, par value $0.041666667 per share	  	New York Stock Exchange	
ACE Capital Trust I 8.875 percent Trust Originated Preferred Securities mature 2029	  	New York Stock Exchange	
Capital Re LLC 7.65 percent Trust Preferred Securities of Subsidiary Trust (and registrant’s guaranty with respect thereto) mature 2044	  	New York Stock Exchange	
ACE Limited 8.25 percent FELINE PRIDES mature 2003	  	New York Stock Exchange	
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter periods that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ      No ¨
 
Indicate by check mark whether registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes  þ      No ¨
 
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨
 
As of June 28, 2002, there were 262,247,758 Ordinary Shares par value $0.041666667 of the registrant outstanding and the aggregate market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates at such date was approximately $8.2 billion. For the purposes of this computation, shares held by directors and officers of the registrant have been excluded. Such exclusion is not intended, nor shall it be deemed, to be an admission that such persons are affiliates of the registrant.
 
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
 
Certain portions of registrant’s definitive proxy statement relating to its Annual General Meeting of Shareholders scheduled to be held on May 15, 2003, are incorporated by reference to Part III of this report and certain portions of the 2002 Annual Report to Shareholders are incorporated by reference into Parts II and IV of this report.

Table of Contents
 
ACE LIMITED
 
 INDEX TO 10-K
 
 	  	 	  	Page
	
PART I	  	 	
		
Item 1.	  	Business	  	1	
Item 2.	  	Properties	  	29	
Item 3.	  	Legal Proceedings	  	29	
Item 4.	  	Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders	  	29	
		
PART II	  	 	
		
Item 5.	  	Market for Registrant’s Ordinary Shares and Related Stockholder Matters	  	31	
Item 6.	  	Selected Financial Data	  	32	
Item 7.	  	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	  	32	
Item 7A.	  	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	  	32	
Item 8.	  	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	  	32	
Item 9.	  	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	  	32	
		
PART III	  	 	
		
Item 10.	  	Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant	  	33	
Item 11.	  	Executive Compensation	  	33	
Item 12.	  	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management	  	33	
Item 13.	  	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions	  	34	
		
PART IV	  	 	
		
Item 14.	  	Controls and Procedures	  	35	
Item 15.	  	Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules, and Reports on Form 8-K	  	35	

Table of Contents
PART I
 
Item 1.      Business 
 
Safe Harbor Disclosure
 
The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a “safe harbor” for forward-looking statements. Any written or oral statements made by or on our behalf may include forward-looking statements which reflect our current views with respect to future events and financial performance. These forward-looking statements are subject to certain uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from such statements. These uncertainties and other factors (which are described in more detail elsewhere herein and in other documents we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”)) include, but are not limited to:
 
 	•	 	global political conditions, the occurrence of any terrorist attacks, including any nuclear, biological or chemical events, or the outbreak and effects of war, and possible business disruption or economic contraction that may result from such events;	
 
 	•	 	the effects of public company bankruptcies and/or accounting restatements, as well as disclosures by and investigations of public companies relating to possible accounting irregularities, and other corporate governance issues, including the effects of such events on:	
 
 	•	 	the capital markets;	
 
 	•	 	the markets for directors and officers and errors and omissions insurance; and	
 
 	•	 	claims and litigation arising out of such disclosures or practices by other companies;	
 
 	•	 	the ability to collect reinsurance recoverable, credit developments of reinsurers and any delays with respect thereto;	
 
 	•	 	the occurrence of catastrophic events or other insured or reinsured events with a frequency or severity exceeding our estimates;	
 
 	•	 	actual loss experience from insured or reinsured events;	
 
 	•	 	the uncertainties of the loss reserving and claims settlement processes, including the difficulties associated with assessing environmental damage and asbestos-related latent injuries, the impact of aggregate policy coverage limits, and the impact of bankruptcy protection sought by various asbestos producers and other related businesses;	
 
 	•	 	judicial decisions and rulings, new theories of liability and legal tactics;	
 
 	•	 	the impact of the September 11 tragedy and its aftermath on our insureds and reinsureds, on the insurance and reinsurance industry, and on the economy in general;	
 
 	•	 	uncertainties relating to governmental, legislative and regulatory policies, developments and treaties, which among other things, could subject us to insurance regulation or taxation in additional jurisdictions or affect our current operations;	
 
 	•	 	the actual amount of new and renewal business, market acceptance of our products, and risks associated with the introduction of new products and services and entering new markets;	
 
 	•	 	the competitive environment in which we operate, including trends in pricing or in policy terms and conditions, which may differ from our projections;	
 
 	•	 	actions that rating agencies may take from time to time, such as changes in our claims-paying, financial strength or credit ratings;	
 
1

Table of Contents
 
 	•	 	developments in global financial markets, including changes in interest rates, stock markets and other financial markets, and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, which could affect our investment portfolio and financing plans;	
 
 	•	 	changing rates of inflation and other economic conditions;	
 
 	•	 	the amount of dividends received from subsidiaries;	
 
 	•	 	loss of the services of any of our executive officers without suitable replacements being recruited in a reasonable time frame;	
 
 	•	 	the ability of technology to perform as anticipated; and	
 
 	•	 	management’s response to these factors.	
 
The words “believe”, “anticipate”, “estimate”, “project”, “should”, “plan”, “expect”, “intend”, “hope”, “will likely result” or “will continue”, and variations thereof and similar expressions, identify forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of their dates. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
 
General Development of Business
 
ACE Limited (“ACE”) is a holding company incorporated with limited liability under the Cayman Islands Companies Law. We created our business office in Bermuda in 1985 when we initially incorporated the Company and we continue to maintain our business office in Bermuda. Through our various operating subsidiaries, we provide a broad range of insurance and reinsurance products to insureds worldwide through operations in the U. S. and almost 50 other countries. At December 31, 2002, we had total assets of $43.4 billion and shareholders’ equity of $6.4 billion. We derive our revenue principally from premiums, fees and investment income.
 
Our long-term business strategy focuses on achieving underwriting profits and providing value to our clients and shareholders through the utilization of our substantial capital base in the insurance and reinsurance markets. As part of this strategy, we have made a number of acquisitions and have entered into strategic alliances that diversify our operations, both geographically and by product type. Each completed transaction filled a particular niche and added additional expertise and market access to the group. In addition, we continue to review, and adjust where appropriate, our portfolio of products. As a result, we have evolved from a highly specialized corporate insurer focusing on excess liability and directors and officers liability (“D&O”) to a widely diversified global insurance and reinsurance operation servicing clients in every major insurance market in the world.
 
We entered the property catastrophe reinsurance market in 1996 with the acquisition of Tempest Reinsurance Company Ltd. (“ACE Tempest Re”) and added to our existing market position when we acquired CAT Limited in 1998. The combination of these two participants gave us a property catastrophe reinsurance company with a capital base in excess of $1.2 billion. We also entered the Lloyd’s market in 1996 which broadened our international exposure through Lloyd’s worldwide insurance licenses. In 1998, we added to our position in the Lloyd’s market through the acquisition of the Charman syndicates. Combined with our original acquisitions in 1996, we became, and remain, one of the largest capital providers in the Lloyd’s market. We entered the U.S. market in early 1998 with the acquisition of the Westchester group (“ACE Westchester Specialty”). This acquisition gave us insurance licenses in the U.S. for the first time. In 1999, we acquired the international and domestic property and casualty (“P&C”) businesses of CIGNA Corporation (“ACE INA”) which made us one of the few P&C insurers to operate on a truly global scale. In 1999, we also acquired Capital Re Corporation which added depth, expertise and new products to our financial reinsurance capabilities.
 
2

Table of Contents
 
Employees
 
At December 31, 2002, we employed a total of 7,907 employees. Approximately 1,100 of our employees are represented by various collective bargaining agreements, all of which are outside the U.S., U.K. and Bermuda. We believe that employee relations are satisfactory.
 
Customers
 
For most of the commercial lines of business that we offer, insureds typically use the services of an insurance broker. An insurance broker acts as an agent for the insureds, offering advice on the types and amount of insurance to purchase and also assisting in the negotiation of price and terms and conditions. We obtain business from all of the major international insurance brokers and typically pay a commission to brokers for any business accepted and bound. In our opinion, no material part of our business is dependent upon a single customer or group of customers. We do not believe that the loss of any one customer would have a materially adverse effect on us and no one customer or group of affiliated customers accounts for as much as ten percent of our consolidated revenues.
 
Competition
 
With over 3,000 insurance and reinsurance companies operating throughout the world, competition in the international insurance and reinsurance marketplace is substantial. Competition varies by type of business and geographic area. We compete for business not only on the basis of price, but also on the basis of availability of coverage desired by customers and quality of service. Our ability to compete is dependent on a number of factors, particularly our ability to maintain the appropriate financial strength ratings as assigned by independent rating agencies. Our strong capital position and global platform affords us opportunities for growth not available to smaller insurance companies. While most of the sectors in which we operate have experienced significant improvement in both price and coverage terms in the past 12 months, competition continues to be considerable, partly because new capital has been invested in the industry to meet capacity shortages in certain lines of business. Competitive information by segment is included in each of the segment discussions.
 
Trademarks and Trade Names
 
We use various trademarks and trade names in our business. These trademarks and trade names protect names of certain of the products and services we offer and are important to the extent they provide goodwill and name recognition in the insurance industry. We use commercially reasonable efforts to protect these proprietary rights, including trade secret and trademark laws. One or more of the trademarks and trade names could be material to our ability to sell our products and services. We have taken appropriate steps to protect our ownership of key names and we believe it is unlikely that anyone would be able to prevent us from using names in places or circumstances material to our operations.
 
Web Site Information
 
We make available free of charge through our internet site (www.acelimited.com) our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (15 U.S.C. 78m(a) or 78o(d)) as soon as reasonably practicable after we file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC.
 
Segment Information
 
In 2002, following changes in executive management, we reassessed and changed our reporting segments from individual operating units to lines of business. We now operate through four business segments: Insurance—North American, Insurance—Overseas General, Global Reinsurance and Financial Services. These business segments were determined under the Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (“FAS”) No. 131, “Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information” (“FAS 131”).
 
3

Table of Contents
 
The following table sets forth an analysis of gross premiums written by segment for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000. Additional financial information about our segments, including revenues by geographic area, is included in Note 17 of the Consolidated Financial Statements incorporated by reference to our 2002 Annual Report to Shareholders.
 
 	  	Years ended December 31
	
 	  	2002
Gross Premiums
Written
	  	Percentage Change
	  	2001
Gross Premiums
Written
	  	Percentage Change
	  	2000
Gross Premiums
Written
	
 	  	(in millions of U.S. dollars)	  	 	
Insurance—North American	  	$	6,116	  	35%	  	$	4,521	  	23%	  	$	3,626	
Insurance—Overseas General	  	 	4,114	  	25   	  	 	3,289	  	14   	  	 	2,822	
Global Reinsurance—P&C	  	 	887	  	93   	  	 	460	  	36   	  	 	337	
Global Reinsurance—Life	  	 	165	  	(60)  	  	 	414	  	—   	  	 	—  	
Financial Services	  	 	1,537	  	4   	  	 	1,481	  	97   	  	 	801	
 	  			  		  			  		  			
 	  	$	12,819	  	26%	  	$	10,165	  	34%	  	$	7,586	

Insurance—North American
 
Background
 
Our Insurance—North American segment includes the operations of ACE USA, ACE Canada and ACE Bermuda, excluding the financial solutions business in both the U.S. and Bermuda, which are included in the Financial Services segment.
 
ACE USA comprises the U.S. and Canadian operations of ACE INA, which were acquired in 1999, and the operations of ACE US Holdings, which were acquired in 1998. At ACE USA, we operate through several insurance companies using a network of offices throughout the U.S. and one office in Canada. These operations provide a broad range of P&C insurance and reinsurance products to a diverse group of commercial and non-commercial enterprises and consumers. These products include excess liability, excess property, professional lines, aerospace, accident and health (“A&H”) coverages and claim and risk management products and services. The operations of ACE USA also include run-off operations, which are discussed below.
 
Following our acquisition of ACE USA, we made substantial structural and operational changes to enhance profitability and operating controls. These changes included restructuring the operating divisions of ACE USA from three large groups to the niche product business groups discussed below. We made these restructuring changes to enhance ACE USA’s ability to focus on profitable underwriting and to better cross-market products between our U.S. operating groups and our other segments. ACE USA also consolidated locations and closed offices throughout the U.S., outsourced the information technology function, and reduced staff by approximately 2,000 people. These cost reduction efforts have had a positive impact on both the underwriting and administrative expense ratio and the loss and loss expense ratio.
 
As part of the restructuring of our U.S. operating divisions, we evaluated our lines of business and adjusted our portfolio of products where appropriate. As a result, we diversified into several new areas, or increased our emphasis in areas, and exited contracts and lines of business that did not have a long-term strategic fit. For example, in 1999, we sold the renewal rights to our Commercial Insurance Services (“CIS”) business and placed this line of business into run-off. Also during 2000, we culled certain unprofitable and non-strategic businesses, which resulted in a reduction of gross premiums written of approximately $160 million. This effort continued in 2001 with the sale of our Financial Institution Specialists Division. Our focus on profitable business, together with a commitment to continually promote cost reduction efforts, enabled ACE USA to operate for the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2000, at a combined ratio under 100 percent. The cost-savings initiatives, combined with our focus on higher profit potential business, have left ACE USA well-positioned to grow in the current, improved insurance market.
 
4

Table of Contents
 
Our run-off operations include Brandywine Holdings, Inc. (“Brandywine”), CIS, residual market workers’ compensation business, pools and syndicates not attributable to a single business group, the run-off of open market facilities and the run-off results of various other smaller exited lines of business. Run-off operations do not actively sell insurance products, but are responsible for the management of existing policies and related claims.
 
The Brandywine run-off operation was created in 1995 (prior to our acquisition of ACE INA) by the restructuring of ACE INA’s U.S. operations into two separate operations, ongoing and run-off. Although there are some asbestos claims in ACE Westchester Specialty, Brandywine contains substantially all of ACE INA’s asbestos and environmental (“A&E”) pollution exposures, as well as various run-off insurance and reinsurance businesses.
 
ACE Bermuda, the original operating company in the group, provides commercial insurance products to a global client base, covering risks that are generally low in frequency and high in severity. Generally, this operation retains significant insurance risk on the contracts that it writes (up to $90 million per risk after reinsurance). In addition to the commercial insurance products offered, ACE Bermuda provides a rent-a-captive service through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Paget Re.
 
Products and Distribution
 
At ACE USA, we primarily distribute our insurance products through a limited group of retail and wholesale brokers with whom we have forged long-term relationships. In addition to using brokers, certain of our products are also distributed through channels such as general agents, independent agents, managing general agents, managing general underwriters and direct marketing operations. We have also established Internet distribution channels for some of our products, primarily in the Consumer Solutions Group.
 
Our ongoing insurance operations at ACE USA are organized into distinct business groups, each offering specialized products and services targeted at specific niche markets.
 
 	•	 	ACE Westchester Specialty focuses on the wholesale distribution of excess, surplus and specialty P&C products, including wind and earthquake exposures, in addition to the retail and wholesale distribution of inland marine coverage. The ACE Westchester Program division provides a variety of commercial coverage including agri-business and other specialty programs offered through program agents, affinity groups and binding facilities.	
 
 	•	 	The Diversified Risk group (“Diversified Risk”) offers management and professional liability products and commercial surety coverage through a variety of distribution channels, including brokers, agents and direct marketing. In 2002, Diversified Risk recognized opportunities within certain segments of the medical liability market and began offering specialized risk coverage for medical professionals. Within Diversified Risk, the aerospace division provides satellite and specialized aviation and airport coverage.	
 
 	•	 	The ACE Risk Management group (“ARM”) offers custom coverage solutions for large companies and national accounts. These programs are designed to help large insureds effectively handle the significant costs of financing risk. Products offered include workers’ compensation, general liability and auto liability coverage and stand-alone excess workers’ compensation catastrophe protection. The group also offers wrap-up programs, which protect contractors and project sponsors with multi-risk coverage on large single- and multi-location construction projects, and custom casualty programs, which offer liability coverage to commercial customers characterized as having Non-Standard Liability Risks and Tough Product Liability Exposures.	
 
 	•	 	The recently formed ACE Casualty Risk group offers casualty excess, umbrella and environmental liability products in the commercial market. This group was established in 2002 after we determined that there was a shortage of casualty market capacity for customers outside of the Fortune 1000 size category.	
 
5

Table of Contents

 	This operation provides up to $25 million in catastrophic coverage, both on a lead umbrella and an excess layer basis, for businesses with annual revenues in excess of $200 million. ACE Casualty Risk group also provides a range of environmental liability insurance products for commercial and industrial risks, including merger and acquisition transactions, blended finite programs, pollution legal liability, retrospective pollution legal liability, contractors’ pollution legal liability, underground storage tanks, and cost cap containment coverage.	
 
 	•	 	Specialty Property and Casualty group (“Specialty P&C”) provides worldwide risk protection for U.S.-based multi-national companies through its Global Property and US International Casualty Divisions. The group also serves the commercial marine market and offers specific risk protection and engineering risk control services for the power generation, petrochemical and chemical industries. In 2002, in response to strong market demand for terrorist risk coverage, Specialty P&C developed and launched a stand-alone terrorism product.	
 
 	•	 	The Accident & Health group, which was formed in 2001, works with employers, travel agencies and affinity organizations to offer a variety of personal accident, health, and travel insurance coverage to employees, customers and group members.	
 
 	•	 	The Consumer Solutions group (“Consumer Solutions”), which was also formed in 2001, consolidated our existing consumer businesses including warranty, recreational marine and disaster mortgage protection, with our national call center and the direct specialist group. This allows us to take better advantage of cross-selling products and to concentrate marketing and sales efforts in the consumer marketplace through a network of specialty distribution channels. As part of our warranty business, we own a majority interest in several warranty administrators who distribute warranty insurance products. We also own YouDecide.com, a company that provides clients with an internet platform offering their employees a broad selection of non-employer sponsored financial products, including insurance.	
 
 	•	 	Our insurance-related operations include those of ESIS Inc. (“ESIS”), our in-house, third party claims administrator that provides clients with claim management and loss-cost reduction services, including comprehensive medical managed care, integrated disability services and pre-loss control and risk management services. Additional insurance-related services are offered by Recovery Services International, which sells salvage and subrogation and health care recovery services.	
 
Headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, ACE Canada also maintains a local presence in Montreal and Vancouver. ACE Canada specializes in providing innovative and customized P&C and A&H products to businesses and individuals nationally and internationally.
 
The principal lines of business for ACE Bermuda are excess liability, professional lines, excess property and political risk—the latter being written on a subscription basis by Sovereign Risk, a managing agent in which ACE Bermuda has a 50 percent interest. All policy applications (both for renewals and new policies) to ACE Bermuda are subject to underwriting and acceptance by underwriters in our Bermuda office. A substantial number of policyholders meet with us outside of the U.S. each year to discuss their insurance coverage. ACE Bermuda accesses its clients primarily through the Bermuda offices of major, internationally recognized insurance brokers located outside of the U.S. and believes that conducting its operations through its offices in Bermuda has not materially or adversely affected its underwriting and marketing activities to date.
 
Underwriting
 
Operating in a market in which capacity and price adequacy for products can change dramatically, ACE USA’s underwriting strategy is to employ consistent, disciplined pricing and risk selection in order to maintain a profitable book of business. Our priority is to ensure that criteria for risk selection are closely adhered to by our underwriting professionals by maintaining high levels of experience and expertise in our underwriting staff. In addition, ACE USA has established a business review structure that ensures control of risk quality and conservative use of policy limits, terms and conditions. ACE USA also employs sophisticated catastrophe loss
 
6

Table of Contents
and risk modeling techniques to ensure that risks are well distributed and that loss potentials are well within our financial capacity. In this regard, we also purchase reinsurance, which provides the means for greater diversification of risk and serves to further limit the net loss potential of catastrophes and large or unusually hazardous risks.
 
Reinsurers utilized by ACE USA must meet certain financial and experience requirements and are put through a stringent financial review process in order to be pre-approved by our Reinsurance Security Committee, comprised of senior management. As a result of these controls, reinsurance is placed with a select group of only the most financially secure and experienced companies in the reinsurance industry. ACE USA has the ability to write business on an admitted basis using forms and rates as filed with state insurance regulators and on a non-admitted, or surplus lines basis, using flexible forms and rates not filed with state insurance regulators. Having access to non-admitted carriers provides the pricing flexibility needed to write non-standard coverage.
 
An integral part of the ACE USA operating strategy is to maximize the efficiency and effectiveness of our operations while reducing operating costs. As part of this strategy, we are in the process of investing in technology which will replace numerous existing policy issuance and claims systems with an integrated product currently being utilized by other ACE segments. This action is expected to further facilitate the streamlining of our underwriting and claims-processing operations.
 
ACE Bermuda emphasizes quality of underwriting rather than volume of business to obtain a suitable spread of risk. This enables us to operate with a relatively small number of employees and, together with the reduced costs of operating in favorable regulatory and tax environments, results in a favorable administrative expense ratio relative to other companies in our industry.
 
Competitive Environment
 
ACE USA operates in what has historically been a highly competitive industry and has faced competition from both domestic and foreign insurers. For the year ended December 31, 2002, we have seen a noticeable reduction in competition in the niche markets in which ACE USA participates. The September 11 tragedy and the concentration of associated losses in the reinsurance industry have significantly reduced capacity in the markets where customer demand is now the strongest. These include excess and specialty property and excess liability, including workers’ compensation markets. High-profile corporate failures as well as allegations of public company management impropriety have greatly increased demand for management and professional risk coverage, including errors and ommissions (“E&O”), D&O, and surety coverage. All of these factors have led to increases in premium levels, some substantially, in most of our lines of business. While there is no sign of the current hard market ending in the near term, we expect that at some point in the future the current level of pricing and use of restrictive policy conditions will not be sustainable.
 
Traditionally, the markets in which ACE USA competes are subject to significant cycles of fluctuating capacity and wide disparities in price adequacy. Although we currently enjoy exceptionally strong demand for our products, we continue to strive to offer superior service, which we believe has always differentiated ACE USA from our competitors. The ACE USA operations pursue a specialist strategy and focus on market opportunities where we can compete effectively based on service levels and product design, while still achieving an adequate level of profitability. ACE USA offers experienced claims-handling, loss control and risk management staff with proven expertise in specialty fields, including large-risk P&C, recreational and ocean marine, aviation, professional risk and workers’ compensation. A competitive advantage is also achieved through ACE USA’s innovative product offerings, such as ARM bundled business, which combines tailored coverage solutions for large insureds with expert claim management and loss reduction functions provided by ESIS, a nationally-recognized leader in the third party claims management field. An additional competitive strength of all the domestic commercial units is the ability to deliver global products and coverages to customers in concert with our other segments. A significant source of ACE USA’s growth has resulted from the leveraging of cross-marketing opportunities with our other operations to take advantage of our organization’s global presence.
 
7

Table of Contents
 
ACE Bermuda maintains its competitive edge through the continued development of its policy forms and the levels of risk retained, which requires less reliance on reinsurance markets. Its competitors tend to be large international and national multi-line insurance companies, which vary by line of business.
 
Insurance—Overseas General
 
Background
 
The Insurance—Overseas General segment consists of ACE International, which comprises our network of indigenous insurance operations, and the insurance operations of ACE Global Markets, our Lloyd’s operation. This segment has four regions of operations: ACE Asia Pacific, ACE Far East, ACE Latin America and the ACE European Group (which comprises ACE Europe, ACE INA UK Limited and the insurance operations of ACE Global Markets). Companies within this segment write a variety of insurance products including property, primary and excess casualty, energy, professional risk (D&O and E&O), marine, political risk, trade credit, A&H, aviation and consumer-oriented products.
 
ACE International’s global franchise was created in 1984 through the merger of the Insurance Company of North America, which started its international operations over 100 years ago, and the American Foreign Insurance Association. ACE International provides insurance coverage on a worldwide basis.
 
ACE Global Markets comprises our insurance operations at Lloyd’s and provides funds at Lloyd’s to support underwriting by Syndicate 2488. Syndicate 2488 is managed by ACE Underwriting Agencies Limited and was the largest syndicate trading at Lloyd’s for the 2002-year, with an underwriting capacity of £900 million (approximately $1.5 billion). In 2002, we acquired all of the remaining Syndicate 2488 capacity not already owned by us for the 2003-year, moving our ownership level from 99.6 percent in 2002 to 100 percent in 2003. The run-off of Syndicate 1171, a life syndicate acquired as part of the Capital Re acquisition, is managed by Ridge Underwriting Agencies Limited. Syndicate 1171 ceased underwriting as of December 31, 2000.
 
On December 20, 2002, we received approval from the Financial Services Authority (“FSA-U.K.”), the U.K. insurance regulator, to use ACE INA UK, as our London-based, FSA-U.K. regulated company to underwrite U.K. and Continental Europe insurance and reinsurance business.
 
Products and Distribution
 
ACE International maintains a sales or operational presence in every major insurance market in the world. Its P&C business is generally written, on both a direct and assumed basis, through major international, regional and local brokers. A&H and other consumer lines products are distributed through brokers, agents, direct marketing programs and sponsor relationships.
 
ACE International’s P&C operations are organized geographically along products that provide dedicated underwriting focus to customers. Our international organization offers capacity and technical expertise in underwriting and servicing clients from large, and complex risks to general market customer segments as well as individual coverages in selected markets. Property insurance products include traditional commercial fire coverage as well as energy industry-related and other technical coverages. Principal casualty products are commercial general liability and liability coverage for multinational organizations. Marine cargo and hull coverages are written in the London market as well as in marine markets throughout the world. The A&H insurance operations provide products that are designed to meet the insurance needs of individuals and groups outside of U.S. insurance markets. These products include accidental death, medical, and hospital indemnity and income protection coverages. Our consumer products division provides specialty products and services designed to meet the needs of specific target markets and include warranty, auto, homeowners, personal liability and recreational marine.
 
8

Table of Contents
 
ACE International’s business strategy is carried out through four regional teams: ACE European Group, ACE Asia Pacific, ACE Far East and ACE Latin America.
 
 	•	 	ACE European Group is headquartered in London and offers a broad range of P&C and specialty coverages principally directed at large and mid-sized corporations as well as individual consumers. ACE European Group operates in every major market in the European Union. Commercial products are principally distributed through brokers while consumer products (mainly A&H) are distributed through brokers as well as through direct marketing programs.	
 
 	•	 	ACE Asia Pacific is headquartered in Singapore and serves Australia, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, the People’s Republic of China, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam. ACE Asia Pacific offers a broad range of P&C and specialty coverages principally directed at large and mid-sized corporations as well as individual consumers.	
 
 	•	 	ACE Far East is headquartered in Tokyo. ACE Far East offers a broad range of P&C and A&H insurance products and services to businesses and consumers which are principally delivered through an extensive agency network.	
 
 	•	 	ACE Latin America is headquartered in Brazil and serves Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Puerto Rico and Central America. ACE Latin America focuses on providing P&C and A&H insurance products and services to both large and small commercial clients as well as individual consumers. ACE Latin America distributes its products through brokers (for its commercial business) and direct marketing and sponsored programs (for its consumer business).	
 
ACE Global Markets primarily underwrites P&C insurance through Lloyd’s Syndicate 2488 and ACE INA UK. All business underwritten by ACE Global Markets is accessed through Lloyd’s registered brokers. The main lines of business include aviation, property, energy, professional lines, marine, political risk and A&H. A number of smaller niche business lines, such as bloodstock, were discontinued in 2002. During 2002, the reinsurance business written through Syndicate 2488 was branded as ACE Tempest Re Europe and is discussed within the Global Reinsurance segment. With effect from January 1, 2002, all business written via our service company, ACE Underwriting Services Limited, was transferred to ACE Europe. In addition, a number of accounts previously written within Syndicate 2488’s political risk and A&H portfolios, but better suited to distribution by a company underwriting platform, were migrated to ACE Europe. Syndicate 2488 is an established lead underwriter on a significant portion of the risks underwritten, particularly within the aviation and marine lines of business, and hence is able to set the policy terms and conditions of many of the policies written.
 
Syndicate 2488 transacts business throughout the year; however, a significant proportion of the portfolio incepts at January 1. Some lines of business have distinct renewal periods, for example the airline book, which tends to renew during the fourth quarter of each year, and aviation products and airports accounts, which tend to renew April 1. Syndicate 2488 also writes a number of delegated binding authorities, largely within the property book and, to a lesser extent, in the professional lines arena.
 
Underwriting
 
Insurance—Overseas General’s operations are diversified by line of business and the geographic spread of risk. A global approach to risk management allows each local operation to underwrite and accept large insurance accounts. A global approach such as this requires substantial control over each process to ensure best practice and standards are maintained around the world. To do this, Insurance—Overseas General manages the regions as one integrated team.
 
Clearly defined underwriting authorities, standards, and guidelines are in place in each of the local operations. Global profit centers and product boards ensure consistency of approach and the establishment of best practices throughout the world. A formal underwriting review process is in place to periodically test compliance
 
9

Table of Contents
against standards and guidelines. Experienced underwriting teams maintain underwriting discipline through the use of pricing models, sophisticated catastrophe and risk management methodologies and strict risk selection criteria. We have qualified actuaries in each region that work closely with the underwriting teams to provide additional expertise in the underwriting process. Centrally coordinated reinsurance management facilitates appropriate risk transfer and efficient cost-effective use of external reinsurance markets. Reinsurers utilized by Insurance—Overseas General must meet certain financial criteria and experience requirements and are subject to approval by an internal Security Committee consisting of senior executive officers of ACE. The Security Committee maintains a list of approved reinsurers – those not on the list are considered on a case by case basis. Our global claims management team ensures there is a consistent approach to reserving practices and the settlement of claims. The oversight process includes regular operational claims reviews throughout the world to ensure adherence to established guidelines.
 
In addition to these internal controls and peer reviews, all of our operating units and functional areas are subject to review by the corporate audit team that regularly carries out operational audits.
 
Competitive Environment
 
ACE International’s primary competitors include U.S.-based companies with global operations, as well as other, non-U.S. global carriers and indigenous companies in regional and local markets. For the A&H lines of business, locally-based competitors include financial institutions and bank-owned insurance subsidiaries.
 
Our international operations have a distinct advantage being one of a few international insurance groups with a global network of licensed companies able to write policies on locally admitted paper. The principal competitive factors that affect the international operations are underwriting expertise and pricing, relative operating efficiency, product differentiation, producer relations and the quality of policyholder services. A competitive strength of our international operations is our global network and breadth of insurance programs, which assist individuals and business organizations to meet their risk management objectives. Insurance operations in nearly 50 countries also represent a competitive advantage in terms of depth of local technical expertise, accomplishing a spread of risk and offering a global network to service multinational accounts.
 
ACE Global Markets holds a position of significant influence in the London market. Not withstanding the significant improvement in market conditions during the latter part of 2001 and throughout 2002, all lines of business written by Syndicate 2488 face competition, depending on the business class, from Lloyd’s syndicates, the Institute of London Underwriters companies and other major international insurers and reinsurers. Competition for international risks is also seen from domestic insurers in the country of origin of the insured.
 
Global Reinsurance—Property and Casualty
 
Background
 
The Global Reinsurance P&C segment comprises ACE Tempest Re Bermuda, ACE Tempest Re USA, and ACE Tempest Re Europe, ACE Tempest Life Re (“ACE Life Re”), our Bermuda-based life reinsurance operation is discussed separately. Today, the Global Reinsurance segment markets its reinsurance products worldwide under the “ACE Tempest Re” brand name and provides a broad range of coverages to a diverse range of primary P&C companies. For the year ended December 31, 2002, approximately 50 percent of written premiums came from the property catastrophe business and the remainder from non-property catastrophe lines.
 
ACE Tempest Re Bermuda is a leading Bermuda-based property catastrophe reinsurer created in October 1993 in response to the dislocation of the catastrophe reinsurance market following Hurricane Andrew. We acquired ACE Tempest Re Bermuda in 1996, followed by the acquisition in 1998 of CAT Limited, another leading Bermuda-based property catastrophe reinsurer. CAT Limited was combined with ACE Tempest Re Bermuda.
 
10

Table of Contents
 
ACE Tempest Re Bermuda principally provides property catastrophe reinsurance globally to insurers of commercial and personal property. Property catastrophe reinsurance on an occurrence basis protects a ceding company against an accumulation of losses covered by its issued-insurance policies, arising from a common event or “occurrence.” ACE Tempest Re Bermuda underwrites reinsurance principally on an excess of loss basis, meaning that its exposure only arises after the ceding company’s accumulated losses have exceeded the attachment point of the reinsurance policy. ACE Tempest Re Bermuda also writes other types of property reinsurance on a limited basis for selected clients. Examples include proportional property (reinsurer shares a proportional part of the premiums and losses of the ceding company) and per risk excess of loss treaty reinsurance (coverage applies on a per risk basis rather than per event or aggregate basis), together with specialty lines (catastrophe workers compensation and terrorism).
 
In 2000, ACE Tempest Re initiated plans aimed to build a leading global multi-line reinsurance business within ACE. This expansion has reduced volatility by diversifying ACE Tempest Re’s business to offer a comprehensive-range of products to satisfy client demand. We consider an expanded product offering vital to competing effectively in the reinsurance market, but not at the expense of profitability. ACE Tempest Re USA, located in Stamford, Connecticut, was established in 2000 as a wholly-owned subsidiary of ACE INA and acts as an underwriting agency on behalf of two of our U.S. companies. The focus of ACE Tempest Re USA has been on writing property per risk and casualty reinsurance, including marine and surety, principally on a treaty basis, with a weighting toward casualty.
 
After the successful launch of ACE Tempest Re USA, ACE Tempest Re Europe was established in 2002, with locations in London and Dublin. The new operation writes all lines of traditional and non-traditional property, casualty, marine, aviation, and medical malpractice but is oriented to specialty and short-tail products. ACE Tempest Re Europe offers clients coverage through our Lloyd’s Syndicate 2488 and ACE INA UK in London, as well as coverage through ACE European Markets Reinsurance Limited in Dublin.
 
Products and Distribution
 
The Global Reinsurance segment services clients globally through its three major units: ACE Tempest Re Bermuda, ACE Tempest Re USA and ACE Tempest Re Europe. Through these three operations, we are able to provide a complete portfolio of products on a global basis to clients using the access point of their choice. Major international brokers submit business to one or more of these units’ underwriting teams who have built strong relationships with both key brokers and clients by explaining their approach and demonstrating consistently open, responsive and dependable service.
 
ACE Tempest Re Bermuda offers catastrophe reinsurance products on a global basis through reinsurance intermediaries. ACE Tempest Re USA writes all lines of traditional and non-traditional P&C business for the North American market. This unit underwrites a diversified treaty reinsurance portfolio produced through reinsurance intermediaries.
 
Through ACE Tempest Re Europe, the Global Reinsurance segment provides treaty reinsurance of P&C business of insurance companies worldwide, with emphasis on non-U.S. and London market risks. The London based division of ACE Tempest Re Europe focuses on the development of business sourced through London market brokers and consequently writes a diverse book of international business. The Dublin based division, established late in 2002, focuses on providing reinsurance to continental European insurers via continental European brokers. We expect this division to grow in 2003 and to write reinsurance across all lines of traditional P&C treaty business worldwide, much of it being business not previously accessed elsewhere in ACE. ACE Tempest Re Europe’s underwriting capabilities include property treaty, casualty treaty, and specialty.
 
11

Table of Contents
 
Underwriting
 
Global Reinsurance underwrites through its offices in Bermuda, the U.S. (Stamford) and Europe (London and Dublin). We believe by operating through a small number of offices, underwriting expertise is centralized in a few locations which allows us to provide consistent service while providing additional control over the underwriting process. Global Reinsurance considers itself to be a disciplined underwriter and has built an underwriting environment, involving both underwriters and actuaries, to provide the necessary controls over the underwriting process. In addition to substantial management oversight, these controls include regular underwriting audits (by peer groups), actuarial pricing and reserve support, catastrophe exposure management (using sophisticated modeling software) and regular reviews by our corporate internal audit department.
 
Rates, policy limits, retentions, and other reinsurance terms and conditions are generally established in a worldwide competitive market that evaluates exposure and balances demand for property catastrophe coverage against the available supply. ACE Tempest Re believes it is perceived by the market as being a “lead” reinsurer and is typically involved in the negotiation and quotation of the terms and conditions of the majority of the contracts in which it participates. Deals are structured and priced by teams of underwriters and actuaries using a comprehensive suite of experience and exposure based actuarial models. This process is designed to ensure that full consideration is given to a complete understanding of the underlying risk profile of the product and that the terms and conditions are appropriate. Each deal is peer-reviewed and approved by other underwriters and actuaries.
 
Because ACE Tempest Re Bermuda underwrites property catastrophe reinsurance and has large aggregate exposures to natural and man-made disasters, its claims experience generally will involve infrequent events of considerable severity. ACE Tempest Re Bermuda seeks to diversify its property catastrophe reinsurance portfolio to moderate the impact of this severity. The principal means of diversification are by geographic coverage and by varying attachment points and imposing coverage limits per program. ACE Tempest Re Bermuda also establishes zonal and peril accumulation limits to avoid concentrations of risk from either natural or man-made perils.
 
Furthermore, ACE Tempest Re Bermuda applies an underwriting process for property catastrophe risks based on models that use exposure data submitted by prospective reinsureds in accordance with requirements set by our underwriters. We then analyze this data using a suite of catastrophe analysis tools, including externally developed event based models licensed from credible vendors as well as proprietary models developed in-house. The output from these catastrophe analysis tools is fed into ACE Tempest Re’s proprietary risk management platform (“Heuron”), enabling it to extensively simulate possible combinations of events affecting the portfolio and price coverages accordingly. Heuron measures the accumulation of exposures and assigns risk-based capital to each new risk that is being underwritten. The amount of risk-based capital required to support the new risk will vary according to the contribution that the new risk makes to existing portfolio accumulations. This unique analytical approach requires exposure data from each cedant within the portfolio. Heuron also provides decision support analysis for capital management, including the purchase of retrocessional coverages.
 
Competitive Environment
 
The Global Reinsurance segment competes worldwide with major U.S. and non-U.S. reinsurers as well as reinsurance departments of numerous multi-line insurance organizations. Competitors include Munich Re, Swiss Re, PartnerRe, Converium, RenaissanceRe, XL Re and certain Lloyd’s syndicates. Global Reinsurance competes effectively in P&C markets worldwide because of our strong capital position, the quality of service provided to customers, the leading role we play in setting the terms, pricing and conditions in negotiating contracts, and our customized approach to risk selection. While consolidation and closures have reduced our number of competitors, there is still meaningful competition in the marketplace.
 
12

Table of Contents
 
Global Reinsurance—Life Reinsurance
 
Background
 
ACE Life Re was formed in 2001 as a niche player in the life reinsurance market. Our strategic focus at ACE Life Re is to differentiate ourselves in our targeted business which is principally to provide reinsurance coverage to other life insurance companies focusing on guarantees included in certain annuity products (fixed and variable). We do not compete on a “traditional” basis for pure mortality business. The reinsurance transactions we enter into typically help clients (ceding companies) to manage mortality, morbidity, and/or lapse risks embedded in their book of business.
 
Products and Distribution
 
ACE Life Re markets its products directly to clients as well as through reinsurance intermediaries. The marketing plan seeks to capitalize on the relationships developed by our executive officers and underwriters with members of the actuarial profession and executives at client companies. ACE Life Re targets potential ceding insurers that it believes would benefit from its reinsurance products based on analysis of publicly available information and other industry data. In addition, reinsurance transactions are often placed by reinsurance intermediaries and consultants. ACE Life Re works with such third party marketers in an effort to maintain a high degree of visibility in the reinsurance marketplace.
 
ACE Life Re’s strategy and business does not depend on a single client or a few clients. To date, we have entered into reinsurance agreements with over 20 clients. However, like most start-up operations, a single large transaction can account for a significant percentage of total revenue. We anticipate that as business continues to grow, ACE Life Re will have a reasonably diversified source of revenue by number of clients and by lines of business.
 
Underwriting
 
ACE Life Re underwrites transactions on a qualitative and quantitative basis. The underwriters in this unit are individuals with specialized experience and expertise in the specific products we write. Underwriting guidelines have been developed with the objective of controlling the risks of the reinsurance policies written as well as to determine appropriate pricing levels. The guidelines are amended from time to time in response to changing industry conditions, market developments, changes in technology and other factors.
 
In implementing the underwriting guidelines, an experienced underwriting team is utilized to select opportunities with acceptable risk/return profiles. Reinsurance business is assumed only after considering many factors, including the type of risks to be covered, actuarial evaluations, historical performance data for the client and the industry as a whole, the client’s retention, the product to be reinsured, pricing assumptions, underwriting standards, reputation and financial strength of the client, the likelihood of establishing a long term relationship with the client, and the market share of the client. Pricing of reinsurance products is based on ACE Life Re’s sophisticated actuarial and investment models which incorporate a number of factors, including assumptions for mortality, morbidity, expenses, demographics, persistency and investment returns, as well as certain macroeconomic factors such as inflation, taxation and certain regulatory factors such as surplus requirements.
 
Competitive Environment
 
The reinsurance industry is highly competitive. Most of the reinsurance companies are well established, have significant operating histories, strong claims paying ability ratings, and long-standing client relationships through existing treaties with ceding companies. ACE Life Re’s primary competitors include major life reinsurers such as Swiss Re and Hannover Re and smaller specialty companies such as Annuity and Life Re, Scottish Annuity & Life, and Max Re. ACE Life Re competes effectively by leveraging the strength of our client relationships, underwriting expertise and capacity, and our brand name and capital position.
 
13

Table of Contents
 
Financial Services
 
Background
 
Our Financial Services segment includes the financial guaranty business of ACE Guaranty Corp. and ACE Capital Re International and the financial solutions business in the U.S. and Bermuda.
 
On December 30, 1999, we diversified our product offering by acquiring Capital Re Corporation. This transaction added significant depth and expertise to our financial reinsurance capabilities and represented a strategic complement to our diversified portfolio by fully establishing us as a key financial guaranty reinsurer.
 
Our guaranty business is written through the following companies: ACE Guaranty Corp. (“AGC”) (formerly ACE Guaranty Re Inc.), ACE Capital Re International Ltd. (“ACRI”), ACE Capital Mortgage Reinsurance Company (“ACMR”), ACE Capital Re Overseas Ltd. (“ACRO”), and ACE Capital Title Reinsurance Company (“ACTR”).
 
The financial guaranty business is primarily conducted through AGC. AGC serves the U.S. domestic and international financial guaranty insurance and reinsurance markets. Its principal business is the insurance and reinsurance of investment grade public finance and asset-backed debt issues (insured and ceded by the primary bond insurance companies), and the insurance and reinsurance of credit default swaps. In addition to financial guaranty business, AGC provides trade credit reinsurance. ACRI and ACRO are primarily focused on providing highly-structured solutions to problems of financial and risk management through reinsurance and other forms of credit enhancement products, while ACMR and ACTR are New York regulated monoline reinsurance companies providing mortgage guaranty reinsurance and title reinsurance respectively.
 
The financial solutions business is the other broad category of the Financial Services segment. This business is primarily conducted through ACE Financial Solutions (“AFS”) and ACE Financial Solutions International (“AFSI”). AFS was established in April 2000 as an operating division of ACE USA, with employees based in Philadelphia, PA, and New York, NY. AFS consists of three lines of business: securitization and risk trading (“SRT”), finite and structured risk products (“FSRP”), and retroactive contracts in the form of loss portfolio transfers (“LPTs”). The structured life and A&H line of business was discontinued in December 2002. AFSI started in 1995 as a line of business within ACE Bermuda. It originally had a broad business plan, considering all alternative risk transfer submissions, but later narrowed its focus to writing only finite risk programs. Based in Bermuda, AFSI offers FSRPs, LPTs and enterprise risk management.
 
Products and Distribution
 
The companies writing guaranty business offer value-added insurance, reinsurance and financial derivative products that provide protection from credit or financial risks to the insurance and capital markets. The financial guaranty operation’s product line consists of municipal and non-municipal financial guaranty reinsurance, single-name and portfolio credit default swaps, mortgage guaranty reinsurance, trade credit reinsurance, title reinsurance and residual value reinsurance. According to Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”), until 1998 AGC and a competitor accounted for approximately 70 percent of the entire market for financial guaranty reinsurance. Since then, primary insurance companies have been diversifying among reinsurers, the result of which has been a dramatic spreading of market share across financial guaranty reinsurers. Moody’s estimates that at the end of 2001, AGC’s share of this market had dropped to 22.6 percent from 37.5 percent in 1997. AGC has reacted to this shift by adopting a hybrid strategy of fostering its reinsurance relationships with primary financial guarantors while developing alternative credit-enhancement platforms as a primary company. This strategy, which diversified AGC’s product offering, has resulted in a significant increase in other business written including credit default swaps and trade credit enhancement. AGC expects that by 2004 over 50 percent of net premiums earned will be from sources other than the financial guaranty business.
 
 	•	 	Financial guaranty insurance is a type of credit enhancement, similar to a surety, which is regulated under the insurance laws of various jurisdictions. Financial guaranty insurance provides an unconditional and	
 
14

Table of Contents

 	irrevocable guaranty that indemnifies the insured against nonpayment of principal and interest on an insured debt obligation when due. Mortgage guaranty insurance is a specialized class of credit insurance, providing protection against the default of borrowers on mortgage loans to mortgage lending institutions.	
 
 	•	 	Title insurance essentially provides the acquirer or the mortgagee of real property with two forms of coverage. The first assures that the search and examination of the real estate records, upon which the acquirer or mortgagee is relying for good and clean title, was properly performed. The second form of coverage assures that all previously existing mortgages and liens will be paid off from the proceeds of the sale or refinancing of the property.	
 
 	•	 	Residual value reinsurance is generally provided to the captives of motor vehicle manufacturers or lessors, whereby the coverage effectively guarantees the residual value of portfolios of leased vehicles at the termination of the lease term.	
 
 	•	 	Trade credit insurance protects sellers of goods and services from the risk of non-payment of trade receivables in the event a buyer becomes insolvent, or other external factors affect payment from the buyer and, is a large, well-established specialty insurance product, particularly in Western Europe. Policyholders are typically covered for short-term exposures (generally less than 180 days and averaging 60-90 days) for insolvency or payment defaults by domestic and/or foreign buyers. Some export credit policies also cover political events, which can disrupt either the flow of goods and services or payment for goods and services.	
 
Our financial guaranty companies maintain relationships with major U.S. primary financial guaranty insurers, mortgage guaranty insurers in the U.S., U.K. and Australia, title insurers and major European trade credit insurers. Major U.S. and European investment banks act as counterparties (market makers) on credit default swaps. Additionally, a portion of this operation’s reinsurance business is developed through relationships with brokers and reinsurance intermediaries. The title reinsurance business has developed substantially all of its business opportunities through direct contacts with primary title insurers, while the financial guaranty business has been developed through direct contacts with U.S. primary companies and major investment banks in the U.S. and Europe.
 
As stated above, the financial solutions operation of this segment provides the SRT, FSRP, LPT, and enterprise risk management lines of business.
 
 	•	 	SRTs provide solutions for trading highly structured private and capital markets transactions, focusing on assuming and trading highly structured financial risks in the mezzanine layers (BB, BBB and A, as rated by Standard & Poor’s) of risk.	
 
 	•	 	FSRPs are programs written to facilitate economic efficiency for clients by providing insurance protection, capital efficiency, optimal tax, accounting or regulatory treatment. FSRP structures are commonly multi-year term with defined limits with a combination of risk transfer and loss funding.	
 
 	•	 	LPTs are contracts, which are structured to assume liabilities incurred by corporations, public entities, insurance companies, captives, self-insured groups and state funds. These liabilities consist mainly of workers’ compensation, but also include general liability, product liability, auto liability, warranty and medical. These contracts, which meet the established criteria for reinsurance accounting under accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“GAAP”), are recorded in the statement of operations when written and generally result in large, one-time written and earned premiums with comparable incurred losses.	
 
 	•	 	Enterprise risk management provides a holistic risk management approach by identifying and quantifying all material risks facing a company. 	
 
Due to the nature of the financial solutions business, premium volume can vary significantly from period to period and therefore premiums written in any one period are not indicative of premiums to be written in future periods.
 
15

Table of Contents
 
Underwriting
 
For the majority of the guaranty business the underwriting process is premised on reinsuring investment grade credit risks and risk-remote or finite financial risks. The underwriting process is based on multiple levels of credit review, actuarial analysis, stress-based modeling and legal review. Underwriters minimize correlation and aggregation through diversification of exposures by geography, tenor, industry sector, credit enhancement/attachment point and rating category of underlying credits.
 
Each financial solutions contract is unique and specifically tailored for an individual client, but generally they are multi-year and contain some form of client participation. Both the financial guaranty and the financial solutions units write structured finance transactions which are recorded at higher loss and loss expense ratios than other business. These transactions are typically longer-term contracts where profit emerges over the term of the contract and relies on investment income as a component of profitability. At the time these contracts are written, management make certain assumptions with respect to the ultimate amount and timing of payments in order to establish loss and loss expense reserves. As with most loss reserves, the actual amount and timing of payments may result in loss and loss expenses which are significantly greater or less than the reserves initially provided.
 
It is generally expected that losses ultimately paid under retroactive contracts will exceed the premiums received, in some cases by large margins. Premiums are based in part on time-value-of-money concepts because loss payments may occur over lengthy time periods. However, retroactive contracts do not have a significant impact on reported earnings in the period of inception. When writing a retrospective contract, the excess of the estimated ultimate losses over the premiums received is established as a deferred charge and amortized against income over the estimated future claim settlement period. Management expects that these contracts will produce significant underwriting losses over time, but also that this business will be profitable due to expected investment earnings on the premiums received.
 
Competitive Environment
 
The Financial Services segment faces direct and indirect competition from equally-rated financial institutions on all lines of business. The differentiating factors include pricing, customer service, market perception and historical performance.
 
There are approximately six major players in the financial guaranty market. The financial guaranty business faces competition indirectly from other highly rated financial institutions that provide capital substitutes to the primary financial guaranty insurers. Competition is also a function of the ease with which primary insurers can raise capital in the private or public equity markets. Increased primary capital increases the ability of insurers to retain risk and the need for reinsurance in general is diminished. In the mortgage reinsurance market, competition comes from some non-U.S. mortgage reinsurers and, in a minor way, from U.S. multi-line insurers. In the title business, the large title insurers have traditionally provided reinsurance capacity. The trade credit business faces a high degree of competition from traditional participants in these markets, including large multi-line insurers and reinsurers.
 
For financial solutions, the SRT line competes with insurance companies and other financial institutions that assume and trade credit risk. This operation focuses on investment-grade portfolio credit exposures and competes in this market sector on terms of price, capacity and terms. The FSRP and retroactive contracts operations compete with several other P&C insurance companies, which have groups offering LPTs, traditional and non-traditional buy-outs and finite insurance and reinsurance. Competition is generally based on contract price, capacity and terms.
 
16

Table of Contents
 
Unpaid Losses and Loss Expenses
 
We establish reserves for unpaid losses and loss expenses, which are estimates of future payments of reported and unreported claims for losses and related expenses, with respect to insured events that have occurred. The process of establishing reserves for P&C claims can be complex and imprecise as it requires the use of informed estimates and judgments. These estimates and judgments are based on numerous factors, and may be revised as additional experience and other data become available and are reviewed, as new or improved methodologies are developed or as current laws change. We have actuarial staff in each of our operating segments who track insurance reserves and regularly evaluate the levels of loss reserves, taking into consideration factors that may impact the ultimate loss reserves. Any such revisions could result in future changes in estimates of losses or reinsurance recoverable and would be reflected in our results of operations in the period in which the estimates are changed. As part of our evaluation process, we also engage independent actuarial firms on an annual basis to review the methods and assumptions we use in estimating unpaid losses and loss expenses.
 
Losses and loss expenses are charged to income as incurred. The reserve for unpaid losses and loss expenses represents the estimated ultimate losses and loss expenses less paid losses and loss expenses, and comprises case reserves, loss expense reserves and incurred but not reported loss reserves (“IBNR”). During the loss settlement period, which can be many years in duration, additional facts regarding individual claims and trends often will become known. As these become apparent, case reserves may be adjusted by allocation from IBNR without any change in the overall reserve. In addition, application of statistical and actuarial methods may require the adjustment of the overall reserves upward or downward from time to time. The final liability, nonetheless, may be significantly greater than or less than the prior estimates.
 
We continually evaluate our estimates of reserves in light of developing information and in light of discussions and negotiations with our insureds. While we are unable at this time to determine whether additional reserves, which could have a material adverse effect upon our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, may be necessary in the future, we believe that our reserves for unpaid losses and loss expenses are adequate as of December 31, 2002.
 
We have considered A&E claims and claims expenses in establishing the liability for unpaid losses and loss expenses and have developed reserving methods, which incorporate new sources of data with historical experience to estimate the ultimate losses arising from A&E exposures. The reserves for A&E claims and claims expenses represent management’s best estimate of future loss and loss expense payments and recoveries which are expected to develop over the next several decades. We continuously monitor evolving case law and its effect on environmental and latent injury claims.
 
In January 2003, we completed an internal review of our A&E reserves. As a result of this review, we increased our gross A&E reserve for the year ended December 31, 2002, by $2.2 billion, offset by $1.9 billion of reinsurance recoverable, including $533 million of reinsurance purchased from the National Indemnity Company (“NICO”) as part of the acquisition of CIGNA’s P&C business. We also increased our bad debt provision for reinsurance recoverable by $145 million. As a result of these two items, together with ACE Bermuda’s ten percent participation in the NICO cover, the net increase in exposure was determined to be $516 million ($354 million after income tax) and was recorded in the fourth quarter of 2002.
 
Our exposure to asbestos principally arises out of liabilities acquired when we purchased the P&C business of CIGNA in 1999 and Westchester Specialty from Talegen in 1998. While we certainly have other insurance operations, exposure to asbestos liabilities is concentrated in these two areas of our business. Of these two areas, the larger and potentially more volatile exposure is contained within the liabilities acquired in the CIGNA transaction. These liabilities reside in the various subsidiaries of Brandywine, which was created in 1995 by the restructuring of CIGNA’s domestic operations into separate ongoing and run-off operations.
 
As part of the acquisition of the CIGNA P&C business, NICO provided reinsurance protection against adverse development for the aggregate liabilities of Brandywine, including environmental and asbestos liabilities. In the fourth quarter of 2002, we increased our A&E reserves, exhausting the NICO reinsurance cover protecting Brandywine.
 
17

Table of Contents
 
As part of the acquisition of the Westchester business, NICO provided reinsurance protection for adverse development for all losses occurring prior to 1997. At December 31, 2002, the remaining limit in the NICO reinsurance cover protecting ACE Westchester Specialty was approximately $600 million. None of the recent increase to reserves is attributable to Westchester’s asbestos liabilities.
 
We conduct a reserve review of our asbestos reserves on a quarterly basis. This reserve review includes a detailed individual claim review and analysis of the policies at issue, legal precedents, and our asbestos settlement history, as well as factual and investigative developments. Our latest review, by an internal task force, included a comprehensive re-evaluation of claims as of September 2002. This included a review of:
 
 	•	 	the pending claim inventory and the projection of future filings;	
 
 	•	 	the characterization of injury types and the projected future distribution by injury type;	
 
 	•	 	the total coverage profile for the account and our share of that coverage profile;	
 
 	•	 	products and non-products exposures;	
 
 	•	 	bankruptcy status and jurisdiction; and	
 
 	•	 	the external actuarial estimate of unpaid liabilities.	
 
This evaluation process included a detailed review of assumptions relating to projections of future new defendants, and non-product exposures were identified and reserved as part of the task force process.
 
In addition to our internal review of asbestos reserves, the normal, biennial, reserve review by an internationally-known actuarial consulting firm, required by the Pennsylvania Insurance Department when Brandywine was established, was recently completed. Our asbestos reserves, taking into account the additions for the quarter ended December 31, 2002, represent the high end of our internal task force’s indication of range of liability and is consistent with the best estimate of the external actuary retained by the Pennsylvania Insurance Department.
 
In the context of our asbestos reviews, many risk factors are considered. In establishing our asbestos reserves, we believe the most significant variables include assumptions with respect to payments to unimpaired claimants and the liability of peripheral defendants. In establishing reserves for periods prior to the fourth quarter of 2002, we assumed that significant additional state judicial or legislative reform would substantially eliminate payments to future claimants who are not physically impaired. The fourth quarter reserve additions were based on the more conservative assumption that there will be no future state or federal asbestos reform. Therefore, the booked asbestos reserves do not reflect any anticipated changes in the legal, social or economic environment, or any benefit from future legislative reforms.
 
The vast majority of the reserve increase in the fourth quarter of 2002 is due to the strengthening of the IBNR provision for peripheral defendants and future increases in severity.
 
We also consider multiple recoveries by claimants against various defendants; the ability of a claimant to bring a claim in a state in which they have no residency or exposure; the ability of a policyholder to claim the right to non-products coverage; and whether high-level excess policies have the potential to be accessed given the policyholder’s claim trends and liability situation. The results in other asbestos cases announced by other carriers may have little or no relevance to us because other coverage exposures are highly dependent upon the specific facts of individual coverage and resolution status of disputes among carrier, policyholder and claimants.
 
Based on the policies, the facts, the law and a careful analysis of the impact that these risk factors will likely have on any given account, management estimates the potential liability for indemnity, policyholder defense costs and coverage litigation expense. There are many complex variables that are considered when estimating the reserves for its inventory of asbestos accounts. The variables involved may directly impact the predicted outcome. Sometimes, the outcomes change significantly based on a small change in one risk factor related to just one account.
 
18

Table of Contents
 
Our current asbestos reserves are based upon an assessment of our policies, legal precedents and investigative facts, and how the various risk factors are likely to be played out as those issues are litigated. While reserving for these claims is inherently uncertain, we believe that the reserves carried for these claims are adequate based on known facts and current law. Our reserve review process involves a continual evaluation of cases taking into account all currently known information as well as reasonable assumptions related to unknown information. When facts and circumstance change, including the impact of the risk factors, changes are made to reflect overall reserve adequacy. It is possible that adverse developments could cause us to re-evaluate our assumptions. This could lead us to further increase our asbestos related reserves, which could have a material adverse effect on future operating results.
 
In 2001, we incurred losses of $650 million relating to the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001. We continue to evaluate our total potential liability based upon individual insurance and reinsurance policy language, legal and factual developments in underlying matters involving our insureds as well as legislative developments in the U.S. involving the terrorist attack. If our current assessments of future developments are proved wrong, the financial impact of any of them, singularly or in the aggregate, could be material. For example, business interruption insurance claims could materialize in the future with greater frequency than we anticipated or provided for in our estimates, or, insureds that we expect will not be held responsible for injuries resulting from the attack, are ultimately found to be responsible at a financial level that impacts our insurance or reinsurance policies. We believe that our current estimate for the September 11 tragedy is reasonable and accurate based on information currently available.
 
The “Analysis of Losses and Loss Expenses Development” shown below presents the subsequent development of the estimated year-end liability for net unpaid losses and loss expenses for the last eleven years. On July 2, 1999, we changed our fiscal year-end from September 30 to December 31. As a result, the information provided for the 1999 year is actually for the 15-month period from October 1, 1998, through December 31, 1999. Prior to December 31, 1999, the net unpaid losses and loss expenses are in respect of annual periods ending on September 30 of each year. The table also presents as at December 31, 2002, the cumulative development of the estimated year-end liability for gross unpaid losses and loss expenses for the years 1994 through 2001. The top lines of the table shows the estimated liability for gross and net unpaid losses and loss expenses recorded at the balance sheet date for each of the indicated periods. This liability represents the estimated amount of losses and loss expenses for claims arising from all prior years’ policies and agreements that were unpaid at the balance sheet date, including IBNR loss reserves. The upper (paid) portion of the table presents the net amounts paid as of subsequent periods on those claims for which reserves were carried as of each balance sheet date. The lower portion of the table shows the re-estimated amount of the previously recorded net liability as of the end of each succeeding period. The bottom lines of the table show the re-estimated amount of previously recorded gross liability at December 31, 2002, together with the change in reinsurance recoverable. We do not consider it appropriate to extrapolate future deficiencies or redundancies based upon the table below, as conditions and trends that have affected development of the liability in the past may not necessarily occur in the future. Several aspects of our operations, including the low frequency and high severity of losses in the high excess layers in which we provide insurance, complicate the actuarial reserving techniques we utilize. Accordingly, we expect that ultimate losses and loss expenses attributable to any single underwriting year will be either more or less than the incremental changes in the lower portion of the table. The “cumulative redundancy/deficiency” shown in the table below represents the aggregate change in the reserve estimates over all subsequent years. The amounts noted are cumulative in nature; that is, an increase in loss estimate for prior year losses generates a deficiency in each intermediate year. On November 1, 1993, we acquired CODA, on July 1, 1996, we acquired ACE Tempest Re, and on July 9, 1998, we acquired Tarquin. The table has been restated to include CODA, ACE Tempest Re and Tarquin’s loss experience as if each of these companies had been our wholly-owned subsidiaries from their inception. On January 2, 1998, we acquired ACE US Holdings, on April 1, 1998, we acquired CAT Limited; and on July 2, 1999, we acquired ACE INA. The unpaid loss information for ACE US Holdings, CAT Limited and ACE INA has been included in the table commencing in the year of acquisition. As a result, 1999 includes net reserves of $6.8 billion related to ACE INA at the date of acquisition and subsequent development thereon.
 
19

Table of Contents
 
Analysis of Losses and Loss Expenses Development
 
 	 	Years ended September 30
	 	  	Fifteen Month
Period ended December 31
	 	 	Years ended
December 31
	
 	 	1992
	 	 	1993
	 	 	1994
	 	 	1995
	 	 	1996
	 	 	1997
	 	1998
	 	  	1999
	 	 	2000
	 	 	2001
	 	 	2002
	
 	 	(in millions of U.S. dollars)	
Gross unpaid	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	$	1,176	 	 	$	1,492	 	 	$	1,978	 	 	$	2,112	 	$	3,738	 	  	$	16,460	 	 	$	17,388	 	 	$	20,728	 	 	$	24,315	
Net unpaid	 	$	814	 	 	$	766	 	 	 	1,176	 	 	 	1,489	 	 	 	1,892	 	 	 	2,007	 	 	2,678	 	  	 	8,909	 	 	 	9,065	 	 	 	10,099	 	 	 	11,318	
Net paid	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
(Cumulative)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
As Of:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
1 year later	 	 	341	 	 	 	127	 	 	 	67	 	 	 	80	 	 	 	359	 	 	 	337	 	 	1,018	 	  	 	2,711	 	 	 	2,404	 	 	 	2,685	 	 	 	 	
2 years later	 	 	465	 	 	 	183	 	 	 	122	 	 	 	414	 	 	 	663	 	 	 	925	 	 	1,480	 	  	 	4,077	 	 	 	3,831	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 years later	 	 	517	 	 	 	229	 	 	 	452	 	 	 	696	 	 	 	1,248	 	 	 	1,066	 	 	1,656	 	  	 	5,133	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
4 years later	 	 	552	 	 	 	559	 	 	 	726	 	 	 	1,259	 	 	 	1,372	 	 	 	1,171	 	 	1,813	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
5 years later	 	 	881	 	 	 	838	 	 	 	1,286	 	 	 	1,380	 	 	 	1,465	 	 	 	1,197	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
6 years later	 	 	1,151	 	 	 	1,398	 	 	 	1,369	 	 	 	1,468	 	 	 	1,481	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
7 years later	 	 	1,673	 	 	 	1,481	 	 	 	1,450	 	 	 	1,481	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
8 years later	 	 	1,756	 	 	 	1,562	 	 	 	1,438	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
9 years later	 	 	1,837	 	 	 	1,550	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
10 years later	 	 	1,825	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net Liability	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Re-estimated	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
As Of:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
End of year	 	$	814	 	 	$	766	 	 	$	1,176	 	 	$	1,489	 	 	$	1,892	 	 	$	2,007	 	$	2,678	 	  	$	8,909	 	 	$	9,065	 	 	$	10,099	 	 	$	11,318	
1 year later	 	 	814	 	 	 	966	 	 	 	1,177	 	 	 	1,489	 	 	 	1,892	 	 	 	1,990	 	 	2,753	 	  	 	8,848	 	 	 	9,159	 	 	 	10,808	 	 	 	 	
2 years later	 	 	1,085	 	 	 	1,068	 	 	 	1,228	 	 	 	1,489	 	 	 	1,881	 	 	 	1,915	 	 	2,747	 	  	 	8,851	 	 	 	9,727	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3 years later	 	 	1,234	 	 	 	1,211	 	 	 	1,387	 	 	 	1,480	 	 	 	1,824	 	 	 	1,853	 	 	2,722	 	  	 	9,371	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
4 years later	 	 	1,412	 	 	 	1,430	 	 	 	1,401	 	 	 	1,495	 	 	 	1,852	 	 	 	1,833	 	 	2,730	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
5 years later	 	 	1,667	 	 	 	1,443	 	 	 	1,472	 	 	 	1,589	 	 	 	1,932	 	 	 	1,816	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
6 years later	 	 	1,703	 	 	 	1,580	 	 	 	1,530	 	 	 	1,679	 	 	 	1,931	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
7 years later	 	 	1,852	 	 	 	1,642	 	 	 	1,606	 	 	 	1,654	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
8 years later	 	 	1,916	 	 	 	1,713	 	 	 	1,566	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
9 years later	 	 	1,987	 	 	 	1,672	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
10 years later	 	 	1,946	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cumulative redundancy/
(deficiency)	 	 	(1,132	)	 	 	(905	)	 	 	(389	)	 	 	(165	)	 	 	(39	)	 	 	190	 	 	(52	)	  	 	(461	)	 	 	(662	)	 	 	(709	)	 	 	 	
Gross unpaid losses and loss expenses end of year	 	 	1,176	 	 	 	1,492	 	 	 	1,978	 	 	 	2,112	 	 	3,738	 	  	 	16,460	 	 	 	17,388	 	 	 	20,728	 	 	 	24,315	
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses	 	 	—  	 	 	 	3	 	 	 	86	 	 	 	105	 	 	1,060	 	  	 	7,551	 	 	 	8,323	 	 	 	10,629	 	 	 	12,997	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 				 				 				 			 				  				 				 				 			
Net unpaid losses and loss expenses	 	 	1,176	 	 	 	1,489	 	 	 	1,892	 	 	 	2,007	 	 	2,678	 	  	 	8,909	 	 	 	9,065	 	 	 	10,099	 	 	 	11,318	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 				 				 				 			 				  				 				 				 			
Gross liability re-estimated	 	 	1,644	 	 	 	1,773	 	 	 	1,937	 	 	 	1,814	 	 	3,840	 	  	 	20,341	 	 	 	20,842	 	 	 	23,609	 	 	 	 	
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses	 	 	78	 	 	 	119	 	 	 	6	 	 	 	2	 	 	1,110	 	  	 	10,970	 	 	 	11,115	 	 	 	12,801	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 				 				 				 			 				  				 				 				 	 	 	
Net liability re-estimated	 	 	1,566	 	 	 	1,654	 	 	 	1,931	 	 	 	1,816	 	 	2,730	 	  	 	9,371	 	 	 	9,727	 	 	 	10,808	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 				 				 				 			 				  				 				 				 	 	 	
Cumulative redundancy/(deficiency) on gross unpaid	 	 	(468	)	 	 	(281	)	 	 	41	 	 	 	298	 	 	(102	)	  	 	(3,881	)	 	 	(3,454	)	 	 	(2,881	)	 	 	 	
 
The cumulative gross redundancy/deficiency is the difference between the gross loss reserves originally recorded and the re-estimated liability at December 31, 2002. We utilized little or no reinsurance for 1997 and prior years. In 1999, ACE INA acquired the CIGNA P&C insurance operations and the acquired loss reserves for 1999 and prior years are included in the table commencing in 1999. As of December 31, 2002, the cumulative deficiency for 1999 is $3.9 billion. This relates primarily to U.S. liabilities, including A&E liabilities for 1995 and prior. Reinsurance coverages have the effect of substantially reducing the net loss as follows: Of the total $3.9 billion of cumulative deficiency for the 1999 and prior years, approximately $2.2 billion was covered by reinsurance placed when the risks were originally written, and $1.25 billion of the remaining liability has been ceded to NICO. Of the cumulative deficiency of $3.9 billion noted for 1999, approximately $500 million was identified and recorded in fiscal 2000, $630 million was identified and recorded in fiscal 2001, and $2.8 billion was identified and recorded in 2002.
 
20

Table of Contents
 
Reconciliation of Unpaid Losses and Loss Expenses
 
 	 	Years Ended December 31
	 	
 	 	2002
	 	 	2001
	 	 	2000
	 	
 	 	(in thousands of U.S. dollars)	 	
Gross unpaid losses and loss expenses at beginning of year	 	$	20,728,122	 	 	$	17,388,394	 	 	$	16,460,247	 	
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses	 	 	(10,628,608	)	 	 	(8,323,444	)	 	 	(7,551,430	)	
 	 				 				 				
Net unpaid losses and loss expenses at beginning of year	 	 	10,099,514	 	 	 	9,064,950	 	 	 	8,908,817	 	
Unpaid losses and loss expenses assumed in respect of reinsurance business acquired	 	 	202,920	 	 	 	300,204	 	 	 	169,537	 	
Unpaid losses and loss expenses in respect of formerly discontinued operations	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	1,269,914	 	
 	 				 				 				
Total	 	 	10,302,434	 	 	 	9,365,154	 	 	 	10,348,268	 	
 	 				 				 				
Net losses and loss expenses incurred in respect of losses occurring in:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Current year	 	 	4,197,829	 	 	 	4,457,986	 	 	 	2,996,429	 	
Prior year	 	 	708,681	 	 	 	94,470	 	 	 	(60,364	)	
 	 				 				 				
Total	 	 	4,906,510	 	 	 	4,552,456	 	 	 	2,936,065	 	
 	 				 				 				
Net losses and loss expenses paid in respect of losses occurring in:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Current year	 	 	1,265,880	 	 	 	1,345,699	 	 	 	1,205,110	 	
Prior year	 	 	2,685,401	 	 	 	2,404,155	 	 	 	2,897,171	 	
 	 				 				 				
Total	 	 	3,951,281	 	 	 	3,749,854	 	 	 	4,102,281	 	
 	 				 				 				
Foreign currency revaluation	 	 	60,355	 	 	 	(68,242	)	 	 	(117,102	)	
 	 				 				 				
Net unpaid losses and loss expenses at the end of year	 	 	11,318,018	 	 	 	10,099,514	 	 	 	9,064,950	 	
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses	 	 	12,997,164	 	 	 	10,628,608	 	 	 	8,323,444	 	
 	 				 				 				
Gross unpaid losses and loss expenses at end of year	 	$	24,315,182	 	 	$	20,728,122	 	 	$	17,388,394	 	

Our net incurred losses in 2002 were $4.9 billion. Net losses and loss expenses incurred for the year ended December 31, 2002, include $709 million of prior year development. Of this amount, $516 million relates to a charge taken in the fourth quarter of 2002 to strengthen our A&E reserves and is analysed in more detail below. All of the A&E development was incurred in the Insurance—North American segment. An analysis of the remaining $193 million of prior period development follows:
 
Incurred losses of $2.2 billion for Insurance—North American include $79 million of prior period development, $59 million from ACE USA and $20 million from ACE Bermuda. In ACE USA, prior period development arose from several lines of business including $13 million from our ACE Risk Management business, $11 million from consumer solutions business and $35 million from two lines of business now in run-off. ACE Risk Management, ACE USA’s largest business line with over $1.3 billion of net loss reserves, is the large commercial package business that includes workers compensation and commercial automobile covers. During 2002, we incurred $13 million to increase the workers’ compensation, commercial automobile and the health care asset management run-off books, principally for the 2000 accident year, as a result of regular actuarial reviews of these lines of business. The Consumer Solutions group incurred $11 million related to the 2001 accident year, principally from its warranty line as a result of an actuarial study completed in late 2002. Of the $35 million from run-off business, $18 million arose from CIS, which comprises middle market casualty exposures. In 1999, we sold the renewal rights to this business and are running off the existing reserves. $12 million relates to one adverse court decision in the Financial Institutions business on a 2001 accident year claim and the remaining $5 million relates to general reserve increases resulting from actuarial reviews.
 
21

Table of Contents
 
In ACE Bermuda, we incurred $45 million of prior year losses related to aerospace losses, $31 million related to satellite losses and $14 million of aviation losses. The satellite losses principally relate to three losses from satellites launched between 1999 and 2001 that have subsequently experienced problems. The aviation losses relate to increases in claims reserves on almost 300 claims in the 1997 through 2001 accident years. The remaining reserves on this line principally relate to long-tail product liability policies. ACE Bermuda discontinued the satellite business in 2002 and the aviation business in 2000. These increases were partially offset as excess liability reserves improved by $28 million. We were successful in recovering subrogation on a loss from the 1988 accident year and had positive development on a claim for the 1989 accident year. These two items accounted for an improvement of $45 million. This was partially offset by claims development in 1995 and 1996. The remaining $3 million relates to general reserve increases resulting from actuarial reviews.
 
Incurred losses of $1.4 billion for Insurance – Overseas General include $104 million of prior year losses, of which $36 million came from ACE Global Markets and $68 million came from ACE International. In ACE Global Markets, $26 million of prior period development arose from aerospace losses in the 2000 and 2001 accident years, principally from the same satellite losses that impacted ACE Bermuda. The remaining $10 million relates to a number of small losses across several business lines. In ACE International, $44 million of prior period development arose from developing casualty losses in Australia, Norway, Italy and the Netherlands. The increases related to development on several large claims caused by new information that changed the total value of these claims from last year. In addition, ACE Europe incurred $14 million of D&O losses, partly in response to specific large losses and partly due to a change in assumptions as experience has changed from last year. The remaining $10 million relates to small losses across several lines.
 
Total incurred losses of $304 million for Global Reinsurance include positive development in prior period reserves of $20 million. Most of Global Reinsurance’s reserves at December 31, 2002, relate to short-tail, catastrophe oriented lines where unpaid claims are set using a blend of market share analysis on industry loss reports and reported claims from customers. Initial loss reserve estimates are then revised as necessary, to reflect the actual loss experience of the customer. During 2002, Global Reinsurance determined that the loss reserves carried on certain of its contracts related to the 1998 through 2001 accident years were in excess of the reserves required based on the latest assessment. This resulted in favorable prior year loss development. There were no changes in assumptions used in the reserving process in 2002.
 
Total incurred losses of $947 million for Financial Services include $30 million of prior period development principally from the ACE Financial Solutions International book, which comprises large, unique transactions, including LPTs. $12 million relates to the amortization of the deferred assets on the LPTs. The remaining amount principally relates to three accounts where recent information resulted in an increase in the total reserve positions for these accounts primarily for the 1998 through 2001 accident years
 
As discussed above, net loss and loss expenses for the year ended December 31, 2001 were impacted by $94 million of prior year development principally in the Insurance—Overseas General segment. This development was recorded during the fourth quarter of 2001, when we recorded additional reserves to strengthen our casualty loss reserves.
 
Net loss and loss expenses for the year ended December 31, 2000, were impacted by favorable development of reserves from prior periods primarily from the Global Reinsurance and Insurance—North American segments, partially offset by unfavorable development in the Financial Services segment.
 
Investments
 
Our principal investment objective is to ensure that funds will be available to meet our primary insurance and reinsurance obligations. Within this broad liquidity constraint, the investment portfolio’s structure seeks to maximize return subject to specifically-approved guidelines of overall asset classes, credit quality, liquidity, and volatility of expected returns. As such, our investment portfolio is invested primarily in investment-grade fixed income securities as measured by the major rating agencies.
 
22

Table of Contents
 
The management of our investment portfolio is the responsibility of ACE Asset Management. ACE Asset Management operates principally to guide and direct our investment process. In this regard, ACE Asset Management:
 
 	•	 	Conducts formal asset allocation modeling for each of the ACE subsidiaries, providing formal recommendations for the portfolio’s structure;	
 
 	•	 	Establishes recommended investment guidelines that are appropriate to the prescribed asset allocation targets;	
 
 	•	 	Provides the analysis, evaluation, and selection of our external investment advisors;	
 
 	•	 	Establishes and develops investment-related analytics to enhance portfolio engineering and risk control;	
 
 	•	 	Monitors and aggregates the correlated risk of the overall investment portfolio; and	
 
 	•	 	Provides governance over the investment process for each of our operating companies to ensure consistency of approach and adherence to investment guidelines.	
 
For the portfolio, we determine allowable, targeted asset allocation and ranges for each of the operating segments. These asset allocation targets are derived from sophisticated asset and liability modeling that measures correlated histories of returns and volatilities of returns. Allowable investment classes are further refined through analysis of our operating environment, including expected volatility of cash flows, overall capital position, regulatory and rating agency considerations.
 
The Finance Committee of the Board of Directors approves asset allocation targets and reviews our investment policy to ensure that it is consistent with our overall goals, strategies and objectives. Overall investment guidelines are approved by the Finance Committee to ensure appropriate levels of portfolio liquidity, credit quality, diversification, and volatility are maintained. In addition, the Finance Committee systematically reviews the portfolio’s exposures to capture any potential violations of investment guidelines.
 
Within the guidelines and asset allocation parameters established by the Finance Committee, individual investment committees of the operating segments determine tactical asset allocation. Additionally, these committees review all investment-related activity that affects their operating company, including the selection of outside investment advisors, proposed asset allocations changes, and the systematic review of investment guidelines.
 
For additional information regarding the investment portfolio, including breakdowns of the sector and maturity distributions, see Note 3 of the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2002 Annual Report to Shareholders.
 
Regulation
 
Our insurance and reinsurance subsidiaries are subject to regulation and supervision by the local authority in the countries or states in which they do business. The extent of such regulation most commonly has its source in statutes, which delegate regulatory, supervisory and administrative power to a department of insurance.
 
Bermuda Operations
 
In Bermuda, our insurance subsidiaries are regulated by the Insurance Act (as amended) and related regulations (the “Act”). The Act imposes on Bermuda insurance companies, solvency and liquidity standards, and auditing and reporting requirements, and grants the Bermuda Monetary Authority powers to supervise, investigate and intervene in the affairs of insurance companies. Significant requirements include the appointment of an independent auditor, the appointment of a loss reserve specialist and the filing of the Annual Statutory
 
23

Table of Contents
Financial Return with the Supervisor of Insurance (“the Supervisor”). The Supervisor is the chief administrative officer under the Act.
 
We must comply with the provisions of the Act regulating the payment of dividends and distributions from contributed surplus. A Bermuda company may not declare or pay a dividend or make a distribution out of contributed surplus if there are reasonable grounds for believing that: (a) the company is, or would after the payment be, unable to pay its liabilities as they become due; or (b) the realizable value of the company’s assets would thereby be less than the aggregate of its liabilities and its issued share capital and share premium accounts.
 
The Supervisor may appoint an inspector with extensive powers to investigate the affairs of an insurer if he believes that an investigation is required in the interest of the insurer’s policyholders or persons who may become policyholders. In order to verify or supplement information otherwise provided to him, the Supervisor may direct an insurer to produce documents or information relating to matters connected with the insurer’s business. If it appears to the Supervisor that there is a risk of the insurer becoming insolvent, or that the insurer is in breach of the Act or any conditions or its registration under the Act, the Supervisor may direct the insurer not to take on any new insurance business, not to vary any insurance contract if the effect would be to increase the insurer’s liabilities, not to make certain investments, to realize certain investments, to maintain in or transfer to the custody of a specified bank certain assets, not to declare or pay any dividends or other distributions, or to restrict the making of such payments and/or to limit its premium income.
 
United Kingdom Regulation of Lloyd’s
 
ACE, certain of our U.K. subsidiaries and staff employed within the Lloyd’s operations, are subject to regulation by the Council of Lloyd’s (the “Council”) and the FSA-U.K. The Council and FSA-U.K. regulate us and our subsidiaries in the ownership chain of our Lloyd’s managing agencies and the Corporate Capital Vehicles (“CCVs”) pursuant to their authority with respect to a “controller”. Certain U.K.-based directors and employees are subject to regulation by the Council as “individually registered persons” and by the FSA-U.K. as “approved persons”. The managing agencies and the CCVs are also subject to Lloyd’s regulation.
 
The FSA-U.K. is the single U.K. statutory regulator for the supervision of securities, banking and insurance business, although Lloyd’s has retained certain self-regulatory responsibilities. The FSA-U.K. imposes capital adequacy, auditing, financial reporting and other requirements upon the Lloyd’s market.
 
In 2002, the Council approved a number of proposals for Lloyd’s reform based on the recommendations of the Chairman’s Strategy Group which include (1) the implementation of a Lloyd’s franchise concept to managing agencies, (2) the formation of a Franchise board, reporting to the Council, to direct the market’s commercial regulatory governance, and (3) prohibition of new unlimited liability members, beginning in 2003. It is envisaged that the FSA-U.K. will increase its direct regulation of Lloyd’s managing agencies.
 
United States Regulation of Lloyd’s
 
Regulation of alien insurers varies on a state by state basis, however, generally, insurance is written pursuant to a license (admitted insurer), excess and surplus lines eligibility (eligible insurer) or exemptions (non-admitted insurer or non-admitted basis). Reinsurance is written by an alien company as an admitted or non- admitted company or on an admitted or non-admitted basis. Admitted alien insurers are subject to regulation of solvency, premium rates and policy forms similar to regulation of domestic insurers. Eligible and non-admitted alien insurers are subject to minimum solvency and security requirements, in addition to certain state specific criteria.
 
Lloyd’s is licensed for direct insurance in Illinois, Kentucky and the U.S. Virgin Islands and it is an eligible excess and surplus lines insurer in all states and territories except Kentucky and the U. S. Virgin Islands. Lloyd’s is also an accredited reinsurer in all states and territories. In certain states, various categories of direct insurance
 
24

Table of Contents
are exempt under state laws. Lloyd’s maintains various trust funds in the state of New York in support of past, current and future underwriting of U.S. business, subject to regulation by the New York Insurance Department, which acts as the domiciliary commissioner for Lloyd’s U.S. trust funds. There are also deposit trust funds in other states to support both reinsurance and excess and surplus lines insurance business.
 
ACE International
 
The extent of insurance regulation varies significantly among the countries in which the non-U.S. ACE operations conduct business. While each country imposes licensing, solvency, auditing and financial reporting requirements, the type and extent of the requirements differ substantially. For example:
 
 	•	 	In some countries, insurers are required to prepare and file quarterly financial reports, and in others, only annual reports;	
 
 	•	 	Some regulators require intermediaries to be involved in the sale of insurance products, whereas other regulators permit direct sales contact between the insurer and the customer;	
 
 	•	 	The extent of restrictions imposed upon an insurer’s use of foreign reinsurance vary;	
 
 	•	 	Policy form filing and rate regulation also vary by country;	
 
 	•	 	The frequency of contact and periodic on-site examinations by insurance authorities differs by country; and	
 
 	•	 	Regulatory requirements relating to insurer’s dividend policies vary by country.	
 
Significant variations can also be found in the size, structure and resources of the local regulatory departments that oversee insurance activities. Certain regulators prefer close relationships with all subject insurers and others operate a risk-based approach.
 
ACE International operates in some countries through subsidiaries of ACE and in some countries through branches of those subsidiaries. Local capital requirements applicable to a subsidiary generally include its branches. Certain ACE companies are jointly owned with local companies to comply with legal requirements for local ownership. Other legal requirements include discretionary licensing procedures, compulsory cessions of reinsurance, local retention of funds and records, and foreign exchange controls. ACE’s international companies are also subject to multinational application of certain U.S. laws. The complex regulatory environments in which ACE International operates are subject to change and are regularly monitored.
 
The largest insurance companies within ACE International are ACE Insurance S.A.—N.V. (“ACE Europe”) and ACE Insurance in Japan (“ACE Japan”).
 
 	•	 	ACE Europe conducts its insurance business pursuant to the local laws passed by European Economic Area (“EEA”) member states, in particular the European Third Non-Life Directive of 1992 (“Framework Directive”). The Framework Directive is the basis of the European single market in non-life insurance. It provides for the harmonization of technical reserves, matching and localization of assets, solvency margins and regulation and control of management. Under the Directive, ACE Europe has established operations in 14 EEA jurisdictions, and also conducts cross-border business on a freedom of service basis. ACE Europe’s home member state regulatory authority is Belgium. We are also subject to the group solvency requirements set by the EC directive on Supervision of Insurance Undertakings in Insurance Groups.	
 
 	•	 	ACE Japan is regulated by the Financial Services Authority in Japan (“FSA-Japan”). In accordance with the Insurance Business Law in Japan, the FSA-Japan focuses on protecting policyholders’ interests by ensuring the sound management of insurance companies and their operations, including licensing, product filings and approval, distribution of insurance products, investment of insurance premiums and other	
 
25

Table of Contents

 	assets, etc. FSA-Japan staff conduct on-site inspections when deemed necessary. Insurance companies must submit an annual business report regarding its operations and assets. Deregulation and liberalization of the Japanese non-life insurance market has placed more emphasis on insurers’ independence of operation and compliance requirements.	
 
Operations in the United States of America
 
Although at the present time there is limited federal regulation of the insurance business in the U.S., the U.S. insurance subsidiaries are subject to extensive regulation in the states in which they do business. The laws of the various states establish supervisory agencies with broad authority to regulate, among other things: licenses to transact business, soliciting business, advertising, rates for certain business, policy language, underwriting and claims practices, transactions with affiliates, reserve adequacy, dividends, investments and insurer solvency. In addition, the U.S. insurance subsidiaries are subject to judicial decisions that define the risks and benefits for which insurance is sought and provided. These include judicial interpretations of the nature of the insured risk in such areas as product liability and environmental coverages.
 
Regulations generally require insurance and reinsurance companies to furnish information concerning activities which may materially affect the operations, management or financial condition and solvency of the company. Regulations vary from state to state but generally require that each primary insurance company obtain a license from the department of insurance of a state to conduct business in that state. A reinsurance company does not generally require an insurance license to reinsure a U.S. ceding company. For a U.S. ceding company to obtain financial statement credit for reinsurance ceded, the reinsurer must obtain an insurance license or accredited status from the cedent’s state of domicile or must post collateral to support the liabilities ceded. In addition, regulations for reinsurers vary somewhat from primary insurers in that reinsurers are typically not subject to regulator approval of insurance policy forms or the rates agreed to between ceding insurers and their reinsurers.
 
The U.S. insurance subsidiaries are required to file detailed annual and quarterly reports with state insurance regulators in each of the states in which they do business. Such annual and quarterly reports are required to be prepared on a calendar year basis. In addition, the U.S. insurance subsidiaries’ operations and accounts are subject to examination at regular intervals by state regulators. The respective reports filed in accordance with applicable insurance regulations with respect to the most recent periodic examinations of the U.S. insurance subsidiaries contained no material adverse findings.
 
Statutory surplus is an important measure utilized by the regulators and rating agencies to assess our U.S. insurance subsidiaries’ ability to support business operations and provide dividend capacity. Our U.S. insurance subsidiaries are subject to various state statutory and regulatory restrictions that limit the amount of dividends that may be paid without prior approval from regulatory authorities. These restrictions differ by state, but are generally based on calculations incorporating statutory surplus, statutory net income, and/or investment income.
 
State insurance regulators have also adopted Risk Based Capital (“RBC”) requirements that are applicable to some of the U.S. insurance subsidiaries. These RBC requirements are designed to monitor capital adequacy and to raise the level of protection that statutory surplus provides for policyholders. The RBC formula provides a mechanism for the calculation of an insurance company’s Authorized Control Level (“ACL”) RBC amount. The initial RBC level which triggers regulatory action is known as the Company Action Level. Failure to achieve this level of RBC, which occurs if policyholders’ surplus falls below 200 percent of the ACL, requires the insurance company to submit a plan of corrective action to the relevant insurance commissioner. Based on the RBC formula, at December 31, 2002, the policyholders’ surplus of each of the ongoing U.S. insurance subsidiaries was higher than the Company Action Level.
 
There are additional progressive RBC failure levels, which trigger more stringent regulatory action. An insurance commissioner may allow a P&C company at or below the mandatory control level that is writing no
 
26

Table of Contents
business and is running off its existing business to continue its run-off. Brandywine is running-off its liabilities consistent with the terms of an Order by the Commissioner of Pennsylvania. This includes periodic reporting obligations to the Pennsylvania Insurance Department. The Commissioner has determined that Brandywine has sufficient assets to meet its obligations.
 
In November 2002, the U.S. Congress passed the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act (“TRIA”), which requires commercial P&C insurers to offer coverage for losses due to certified acts of terrorism that does not differ materially from the terms, amounts and other coverage limitations offered by the insurer for other types of risks. Insured losses which are compensable under TRIA are those losses caused by an act certified by the Secretary of the Treasury, in concurrence with the Secretary of State and the Attorney General, to be an act of terrorism. The Secretary may only certify an act as terrorism if it involves a foreign person or group and has resulted in damage within the United States or to an air carrier or U.S. flag vessel. To be certified, the act must have caused aggregate damages exceeding $5 million. TRIA nullifies all terrorism exclusions in existing commercial P&C policies, but such exclusions may be reinstated if the insured either gives written authorization for such reinstatement or fails to pay any increased premium for the terrorism coverage after 30 days’ notice.
 
TRIA also provides for the federal government to reimburse insurers for 90 percent of their terrorism-related losses, subject to a premium-based deductible. The deductible for 2003 is seven percent of direct earned premiums for the year. For 2004, the deductible will be ten percent of direct earned premium and for 2005 it will be 15 percent of direct earned premium.
 
In the event of a loss similar to the losses sustained in connection with the September 11 tragedy, our deductible and ten percent share of losses would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations in the period in which the loss is incurred and on our financial condition.
 
United States Regulations and Tax of Non-U.S. Operations
 
Each state in the U.S. licenses insurers and prohibits, with some exceptions, the sale of insurance by non-admitted, non-U.S. insurers within its jurisdictions. ACE and its non-U.S. insurance subsidiaries, excluding its Lloyd’s operations, are not licensed to do business as admitted insurers in any jurisdiction in the U.S.
 
Many states impose a premium tax (typically two percent to four percent of gross premiums written) on insureds who obtain insurance from non-admitted foreign insurers, such as ACE Bermuda. The premiums charged by the non-U.S. insurer do not include any U.S. state premium tax. Each insured is responsible for determining whether it is subject to any such tax and for paying such tax as may be due.
 
The U.S. Internal Revenue Code also imposes on policyholders an excise tax on insurance and reinsurance premiums paid to foreign insurers or reinsurers with respect to risks located in the U.S. The rates of tax applicable to premiums paid to non-US domiciled companies are four percent for insurance premiums and one percent for reinsurance premiums, unless a tax treaty is applicable.
 
There can be no assurance that new or additional legislation in the U.S. will not be proposed and enacted that has the effect of subjecting our non-U.S. insurance subsidiaries, including our Lloyd’s operations, to regulation in the U.S.
 
Tax Matters
 
Corporate Income Tax
 
ACE Limited is a Cayman Islands corporation that operates as a holding company with offices only in Bermuda and does not pay U.S. corporate income taxes (except certain withholding taxes) on the basis that it is not engaged in a trade or business in the U.S. However, there can be no assurance that the Internal Revenue
 
27

Table of Contents
Service (“IRS”) will not contend to the contrary. If ACE Limited were subject to U.S. income tax, there could be a material adverse effect on our shareholders’ equity and earnings. ACE Limited and its Bermuda-based insurance and reinsurance subsidiaries do not file U.S. income tax returns reporting income subject to U.S. income tax since they do not conduct business within the U.S. However, ACE Limited and its Bermuda-based insurance and reinsurance subsidiaries have filed protective tax returns reporting no U.S. income to preserve their ability to deduct their ordinary and necessary business expenses should the IRS successfully challenge their contention that none of their income is subject to a net income tax in the U.S.
 
Under current Cayman Islands law, ACE Limited is not required to pay any taxes on its income or capital gains. ACE Limited has received an undertaking that, in the event of any taxes being imposed, ACE Limited will be exempted from taxation in the Cayman Islands until the year 2013.
 
Under current Bermuda law, ACE Limited and its Bermuda subsidiaries are not required to pay any taxes on its income or capital gains. ACE Limited and the Bermuda subsidiaries have received an undertaking from the Minister of Finance in Bermuda that, in the event of any taxes being imposed, we will be exempt from taxation in Bermuda until March 2016.
 
Income from the operations at Lloyd’s is subject to U.K. corporation taxes. Lloyd’s is required to pay U.S. income tax on U.S. connected income (“U.S. income”) written by Lloyd’s syndicates. Lloyd’s has a closing agreement with the IRS whereby the amount of tax due on this business is calculated by Lloyd’s and remitted directly to the IRS. These amounts are then charged to the personal accounts of the Names/Corporate Members in proportion to their participation in the relevant syndicates. Our Corporate Members are subject to this arrangement but, as U.K. domiciled companies, will receive U.K. corporation tax credits for any U.S. income tax incurred up to the value of the equivalent U.K. corporation income tax charge on the U.S. income.
 
ACE Prime Holdings, ACE US Holdings, ACE Capital Re USA Holdings and their respective subsidiaries are subject to income taxes imposed by U.S. authorities and file U.S. tax returns. Certain of our international operations are also subject to income taxes imposed by the jurisdictions in which they operate.
 
Related Person Insurance Income
 
Each U.S. person, who beneficially owns our Ordinary Shares (directly or through foreign entities) on the last day of a non-U.S. insurance company subsidiary’s fiscal year, will have to include in such person’s gross income for U.S. tax purposes a proportionate share (determined as described herein) of the related person insurance income (“RPII”) of such insurance company subsidiary if the RPII of such insurance company subsidiary, determined on a gross basis, is 20 percent or more of that insurance company subsidiary’s gross insurance income in such fiscal year. RPII is income attributable to insurance policies where the direct or indirect insureds are U.S. shareholders or are related to U.S. shareholders of ACE. RPII may be includible in a U.S. shareholder’s gross income for U.S. tax purposes regardless of whether or not such shareholder is an insured.
 
For the calendar year ended December 31, 2002, we believe that gross RPII of each of our insurance company subsidiaries was below 20 percent for the year. Although no assurances can be given, we anticipate that gross RPII of each of our non-U.S. insurance company subsidiaries will be less than 20 percent of each such subsidiary’s gross insurance income for subsequent years and we will endeavor to take such steps as we determine to be reasonable to cause its gross RPII to remain below such level. 
 
The RPII provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), have never been interpreted by the courts. Regulations interpreting the RPII provisions of the Code exist only in proposed form, having been proposed on April 16, 1991. It is not certain whether these regulations will be adopted in their
 
28

Table of Contents
proposed form or what changes or clarifications might ultimately be made thereto or whether any such changes, as well as any interpretation or application of RPII by the IRS, the courts, or otherwise, might have retroactive effect.
 
Item 2      Properties 
 
We operate in almost 50 countries around the world including the U.S., Bermuda, the U.K., and Japan. Most of the office facilities that we occupy are leased. We are not dependent on our facilities to conduct business.
 
Item 3.       Legal Proceedings 
 
Our insurance subsidiaries are subject to claims litigation involving disputed interpretations of policy coverages and, in some jurisdictions, direct actions by allegedly-injured persons seeking damages from policyholders. These lawsuits, involving claims on policies issued by our subsidiaries which are typical to the insurance industry in general and in the normal course of business, are considered in our loss and loss expense reserves which are discussed in the P&C loss reserves discussion. In addition to claims litigation, we and our subsidiaries are subject to lawsuits and regulatory actions in the normal course of business that do not arise from or directly relate to claims on insurance policies. This category of business litigation typically involves, inter alia, allegations of underwriting errors or misconduct, employment claims, regulatory activity or disputes arising from our business ventures. While the outcomes of the business litigation involving us cannot be predicted with certainty at this point, we are disputing, and will continue to dispute, allegations against us that are without merit. We believe that the ultimate outcomes of matters in this category of business litigation will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, future operating results or liquidity, although an adverse resolution of a number of these items could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations in a particular  quarter or fiscal year.
 
Item 4.      Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders 
 
No matters were submitted to a vote of stockholders during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year covered by this report.
 
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE COMPANY
 
The table below sets forth the names, ages, positions and business experience of the executive officers of ACE Limited.
 
Name
	  	Age
	  	Position
	
Brian Duperreault	  	55	  	Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director	
Donald Kramer	  	65	  	Vice Chairman and Director	
Dominic J. Frederico	  	50	  	President, Chief Operating Officer and Director, ACE Limited and Chairman, ACE INA Holdings	
Evan Greenberg	  	48	  	Vice Chairman, ACE Limited and Chief Executive Officer, ACE Overseas General and ACE Tempest Re	
Philip V. Bancroft	  	43	  	Chief Financial Officer	
Peter N. Mear	  	58	  	General Counsel and Secretary	
Robert A. Blee	  	40	  	Chief Accounting Officer (and Chief Compliance Officer with effect from February 2003)	
 
29

Table of Contents
 
Brian Duperreault has been a director of ACE since October 1994. Mr. Duperreault has served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of ACE since November 1999 and as Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of ACE from October 1994 through November 1999. Prior to joining ACE, Mr. Duperreault had been employed with American International Group (“AIG”) since 1973 and served in various senior executive positions with AIG and its affiliates from 1978 until September 1994, most recently as Executive Vice President, Foreign General Insurance and, concurrently, as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of American International Underwriters Inc., a subsidiary of AIG, from April 1994 to September 1994. Mr. Duperreault was President of American International Underwriters Inc. from 1991 to April 1994, and Chief Executive Officer of AIG affiliates in Japan and Korea from 1989 to 1991.
 
Donald Kramer has been a director and Vice Chairman of ACE since July 1996, following the acquisition of ACE Tempest Re. Mr. Kramer served as Chairman or Co-Chairman of the Board of Tempest from its formation in September 1993 until July 1996 and was President of ACE Tempest Re from July 1996 until 1999. ACE Tempest Re was acquired by ACE on July 1, 1996. Prior to the formation of ACE Tempest Re, he was President of Kramer Capital Corporation (venture capital investments) from March to September 1993, President of Carteret Federal Savings Bank (banking) from August 1991 to March 1993, Chairman of the Board of NAC Re Corporation (reinsurance) from June 1985 to June 1993, Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of KCP Holding Company (insurance) from July 1986 to August 1991 and of its affiliates, KCC Capital Managers (insurance investments) and Kramer Capital Consultants, Inc. (insurance investments), as well as Chairman of the Board of its subsidiary, National American Insurance Company of California (insurance) from September 1988 to August 1991.
 
Dominic J. Frederico has served as President and Chief Operating Officer of ACE and Chairman of ACE INA Holdings since November 1999. On November 16, 2001, Mr. Frederico was appointed to the Board of Directors. Mr. Frederico has also served as Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of ACE INA from May 1999 through November 1999. Mr. Frederico previously served as President of ACE Bermuda since July 1997, Executive Vice President, Underwriting since December 1996, and as Executive Vice President, Financial Lines from January 1995 to December 1996. Mr. Frederico served in various capacities at AIG in Europe and the U.S. from 1982 to January 1995, most recently as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of an AIG subsidiary, with multi-regional general management responsibilities.
 
Evan Greenberg joined the ACE Group of Companies as Vice Chairman, ACE Limited, and Chief Executive Officer of ACE Tempest Re in November 2001. In April 2002, Mr. Greenberg was appointed to the position of Chief Executive Officer of ACE Overseas General. Prior to joining ACE, Mr. Greenberg was most recently President and Chief Operating Officer of AIG, a position he held from 1997 until 2000. From 1975 to 1997, Mr. Greenberg held a variety of senior management positions at AIG including Chief Operating Officer of AIU, AIG’s Foreign General Insurance Organization, and President and Chief Executive Officer of AIU.
 
Philip V. Bancroft was appointed to the position of Chief Financial Officer of ACE Limited in January 2002. For nearly 20 years, Mr. Bancroft worked for PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. Most recently he served as partner-in-charge of the New York Regional Insurance Practice. Mr. Bancroft had been a Partner with PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP for 10 years.
 
Peter N. Mear has served as General Counsel and Secretary of ACE since April 1996. Mr. Mear served as Vice President and Claims Counsel of Aetna Casualty and Surety Company from February 1991 to April 1996 and Counsel and Litigation Section Head of Aetna Life & Casualty from September 1977 to February 1991.
 
Robert A. Blee has served as Chief Accounting Officer of ACE since October 1998. Mr. Blee served as Group Controller of ACE from January 1997 to October 1998, Vice President, Finance of ACE from July 1996 to January 1997, Assistant Vice President and Assistant Controller from October 1994 to July 1996 and Chief Accountant from August 1993 to October 1994. In February 2003, Mr. Blee was appointed Chief Compliance Officer of ACE. Mr. Blee will also serve as Chief Accounting Officer until a replacement is found.

30

Table of Contents
PART II
 
Item 5.       Market for Registrant’s Ordinary Shares and Related Stockholder Matters 
 
(a) Our Ordinary Shares, par value $0.041666667 per share, have been listed on the New York Stock Exchange since March 25, 1993. The ticker symbol was changed to ACE from ACL on March 30, 2001. On January 22, 2002, we held an Extraordinary General Meeting whereby the shareholders of ACE Limited approved a proposal to increase the number of authorized Ordinary Shares from 300 million shares to 500 million shares. At the meeting, the shareholders also approved a proposal increasing the number of authorized Other Shares from 10 million shares to 20 million shares. The Other Shares may be issued in one or more classes or series with the terms, such as the dividend rates, voting rights, conversion rates, rights and terms of redemption and other rights, preferences and restrictions, established by the Board of Directors of ACE Limited.
 
The following table sets forth the high and low closing sales prices of our Ordinary Shares per fiscal quarters, as reported on the New York Stock Exchange Composite Tape for the periods indicated:
 
 	  	2002
	  	2001
	
 	  	High
	  	Low
	  	High
	  	Low
	
Quarter ending March 31	  	$	43.99	  	$	34.89	  	$	41.25	  	$	33.10	
Quarter ending June 30	  	$	44.59	  	$	30.00	  	$	39.89	  	$	31.72	
Quarter ending September 30	  	$	34.00	  	$	23.32	  	$	38.71	  	$	20.50	
Quarter ending December 31	  	$	36.19	  	$	27.27	  	$	40.27	  	$	28.90	
 
The last reported sale price of the Ordinary Shares on the New York Stock Exchange Composite Tape on March 21, 2003 was $30.34.
 
(b) The approximate number of record holders of Ordinary Shares as of March 21, 2003 was 2,219.
 
(c) The following table represents dividends paid per share to shareholders of record on each of the following dates:
 
Shareholders of Record as of:	  	 	  	Shareholders of Record as of:	  	 	
March 29, 2002	  	$	0.15	  	March 30, 2001	  	$	0.13	
June 28, 2002	  	$	0.17	  	June 29, 2001	  	$	0.15	
September 27, 2002	  	$	0.17	  	September 28, 2001	  	$	0.15	
December 27, 2002	  	$	0.17	  	December 31, 2001	  	$	0.15	
 
On September 12, 2000, we completed the sale of 12.25 million Ordinary Shares for net proceeds of approximately $400 million. On October 25, 2001, we completed the sale of 32.89 million Ordinary Shares for net proceeds of approximately $1.1 billion.
 
ACE is a holding company whose principal source of income is investment income and dividends from its operating subsidiaries. The ability of the operating subsidiaries to pay dividends to us and our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders, are each subject to legal and regulatory restrictions. The declaration and payment of future dividends will be at the discretion of the Board of Directors and will be dependent upon the profits and financial requirements of ACE and other factors, including legal restrictions on the payment of dividends and such other factors as the Board of Directors deems relevant. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the 2002 Annual Report to Shareholders filed with this Form 10-K.
 
31

Table of Contents
 
Item 6.      Selected Financial Data 
 
Selected financial data for the four years ended December 31, 2002, 2001, 2000, 1999, the three month period ended December 31, 1998, and the year ended September 30, 1998, is incorporated by reference to pages 2 and 3 of the 2002 Annual Report to Shareholders filed in Exhibit 13.1 filed with this Form 10-K.
 
Item 7.      Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 
 
This item is incorporated by reference to pages 19 through 57 of the 2002 Annual Report to Shareholders filed in Exhibit 13.1 filed with  this Form 10-K.
 
Item 7a.      Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk 
 
This item is incorporated by reference to page 56 of the 2002 Annual Report to Shareholders filed in Exhibit 13.1 filed with this Form  10-K.
 
Item 8.      Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 
 
This item is incorporated by reference to pages 58 through 110 of the 2002 Annual Report to Shareholders filed in Exhibit 13.1 filed with this Form 10-K.
 
Item 9.      Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure 
 
There have been no changes in nor any disagreements with accountants on accounting and financial disclosure within the two years ended December 31, 2002.

32

Table of Contents
PART III
 
Item 10.      Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant 
 
This item is incorporated by reference to the sections entitled “Election of Directors-Nominees for Election to Terms Expiring in 2006”, “Election of Directors-Nominee for Election to Terms Expiring in 2005”, “Election of Directors-Directors Whose Terms of Office Will Continue After This Meeting” and “Election of Directors-Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” of the definitive proxy statement for the Annual General Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 15, 2003, which involves the election of directors and will be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the close of the fiscal year pursuant to regulation 14A.
 
Item 11.      Executive Compensation 
 
This item is incorporated by reference to the section entitled “Executive Compensation” of the definitive proxy statement for the Annual General Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 15, 2003, which will be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the close of the fiscal year pursuant to regulation 14A.
 
Item 12.      Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management 
 
The following table presents securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans at December 31, 2002:
 
Plan Category	 	Number of securities to
be issued upon exercise
of outstanding options, warrants and rights
	    	Weighted-average
exercise price of
outstanding options,
warrants and rights
	 	Number of securities
remaining available for
future issuance under
equity compensation plans (1)
	
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders (2)	 	17,531,767	    	$29.86	 	13,637,159	
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders (3)	 	  1,780,520	    	$12.83	 	  1,991,241	
 	 		    		 		
Total	 	19,312,287	    	$28.29	 	15,628,400	

(1)	 	These totals include securities issuable under the following plans which provide for issuances other than upon the exercise of options:	
 
 	(i)	 	ACE Limited 1998 Long-Term Incentive Plan. A total of 21,252,007 shares are authorized to be issued pursuant to awards made as options, stock appreciation rights, stock units, performance shares, performance units, restricted stock and restricted stock units; the number of shares available for awards other than options and stock appreciation rights is 3,232,485 shares, of which 457,800 shares are remaining for issuance. As of December 31, 2002, a total of 6,805,918 shares remain available for future issuance under this plan.	
 
 	(ii)	 	ACE Limited 1995 Long-Term Incentive Plan. Shares are authorized to be issued in an amount determined by a formula described in footnote (2) below pursuant to awards to be made as options, stock appreciation rights and restricted stock. This plan also permits establishment of a program permitting the purchase of Company stock at a discount. As of December 31, 2002, 4,921,945 shares remain available for future issuance under this plan.	
 
 	(iii)	 	ACE Limited 1999 Replacement Stock Plan. A total of 4,770,555 shares are authorized to be issued pursuant to awards to be made as options, stock appreciation rights, stock units, performance shares, performance units, restricted stock and restricted stock units. As of December 31, 2002, 1,991,241 shares remain available for future issuance under this plan.	
 
33

Table of Contents
 
 	(iv)	 	ACE Limited 1995 Outside Directors Plan. Shares are authorized to be issued in an amount determined by a formula described in footnote (2) below pursuant to awards made as options, restricted stock and unrestricted stock. As of December 31, 2002, 1,078,657 shares remain available for future issuance under this plan.	
 
 	(v)	 	Employee Stock Purchase Plan. A total of 1,500,000 shares are authorized for purchase at a discount. As of December 31, 2002, 830,639 shares remain available for future issuance under this plan.	
 
(2)	 	This plan category includes shares issuable pursuant to the following plans that authorize shares based on a formula:	
 
 	(i)	 	ACE Limited 1995 Long-Term Incentive Plan. The total number of shares available for awards under this plan in any fiscal year is 5 percent of the adjusted average of the outstanding Ordinary Shares of the Company, as that number is determined by the Company, to calculate fully diluted earnings per share for the preceding fiscal year, reduced by any shares of stock granted pursuant to awards under this plan and any shares of stock subject to any outstanding award under this plan.	
 
 	(ii)	 	ACE Limited 1995 Outside Directors Plan. The total number of shares available for awards under this plan in any fiscal year is 0.5 percent of the adjusted average of the outstanding Ordinary Shares of the Company, as that number is determined by the Company, to calculate fully diluted earnings per share for the preceding fiscal year, reduced by any shares of stock granted pursuant to awards under the Plan and any shares of stock subject to any outstanding award under the plan.	
 
(3)	 	This plan category consists of the following plans:	
 
 	(i)	 	ACE Limited 1999 Replacement Stock Plan. This plan authorized awards to persons employed by the Company in conjunction with the Company’s Capital Re Corporation acquisition as replacement for Capital Re Corporation awards. A total of 1,075,520 options with a weighted average exercise price of $16.30 are outstanding as replacement awards under this plan. This plan also permits awards to employees or other persons providing services to the Company or its subsidiaries. A total of 65,200 options with a weighted average exercise price of $36.30 are outstanding as new awards made to employees of the Company or its subsidiaries under this plan.	
 
 	(ii)	 	The Option and Restricted Share Agreement and Plan. This is an agreement dated as of October 4, 1994 between the Company and Brian Duperreault that was entered into in conjunction with Mr. Duperreault’s employment agreement when he was first hired by the Company. Mr. Duperreault was awarded 300,000 restricted shares and options to purchase 900,000 Ordinary Shares at $7.542 per Ordinary Share (each was adjusted to give effect to the stock split). All of the aforementioned shares of restricted stock have vested and all of the aforementioned options are now exercisable. During the 1998 fiscal year Mr. Duperreault exercised the aforementioned options with respect to 195,000 Ordinary Shares. Mr. Duperreault may exercise any of the options for a period of one year if his termination is by reason of his death or disability or by the Company without cause and for 30 days if such termination is by the Company for cause or voluntarily by Mr. Duperreault.	
 
See Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding the material features of these plans.
 
Additional information is incorporated by reference to the section entitled “Beneficial Ownership of Ordinary Shares” of the definitive proxy statement for the Annual General Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 15, 2003, which will be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the close of the fiscal year pursuant to regulation 14A.
 
Item 13.      Certain Relationships and Related Transactions 
 
This item is incorporated by reference to the section entitled “Election of Directors-Certain Business Relationships” of the definitive proxy statement for the Annual General Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 15, 2003, which will be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the close of the fiscal year pursuant to regulation 14A.
 
34

Table of Contents
PART IV
 
Item 14.      Controls and Procedures 
 
Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC. The Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer have reviewed the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures within the last ninety days and have concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures are effective. There were no significant changes in our internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect these controls subsequent to the last day they were evaluated by the Chief Executive  Officer and Chief Financial Officer.
 
Item 15.      Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules, and Reports on Form 8-K 
 
(a)     Financial Statements, Schedules and Exhibits
 
1.    Financial Statements
 
The following is a list of financial statements filed as part of this Report, all of which have been incorporated by reference to the material in the 2002 Annual Report to Shareholders as described under Item 8 of this Report:
 
 	—	 	Report of Independent Accountants	
 	—	 	Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2002 and 2001	
 	—	 	Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000	
 	—	 	Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000	
 	—	 	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000	
 	—	 	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000	
 	—	 	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	
 
2.    Financial Statement Schedules
 
Included in Part IV of this report.
 
  	    	Schedule
Number
	  	Page
	
—    Report of Independent Accountants on financial statement schedule included in Form 10-K	    	 	  	41	
—    Summary of Investments	    	I	  	42	
—    Condensed financial information of the Registrant as of December 31, 2002 and 2001, and for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000	    	II	  	43	
—    Supplemental information concerning Reinsurance	    	IV	  	46	
—    Supplemental information concerning Property/Casualty Reinsurance	    	VI	  	47	
 
35

Table of Contents
 
Other schedules have been omitted as they are not applicable to ACE, or the required information has been included in the financial statements and related notes.
 
  3.    Exhibits
 
  2.1	  	Amended and Restated Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of October 26, 1999, among Capital Re Corporation, ACE Limited and CapRe Acquisition Corp. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Registration Statement on Form S-4 (No. 333-90927))	
		
  2.2	  	First Amendment to Amended and Restated Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of November 29, 1999, among Capital Re Corporation, ACE Limited and CapRe Acquisition Corp. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.5 to Registration Statement on Form S-4 (No. 33-90927))	
		
  2.3	  	Acquisition Agreement, dated as of January 11, 1999, among CIGNA Corporation, CIGNA Holdings, Inc. and ACE Limited (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 of the Form 8-K current report (Date of earliest event reported: July 2, 1999))	
		
  2.4	  	Amendment No. 1 to Acquisition Agreement, dated as of July 2, 1999, CIGNA Corporation, CIGNA Holdings, Inc. and ACE Limited (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 of the Form 8-K current report (Date of earliest event reported: July 2, 1999))	
		
  2.5	  	Amendment No. 2 to Acquisition Agreement, dated as of July 2, 1999, CIGNA Corporation, CIGNA Holdings, Inc. and ACE Limited (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.3 of the Form 8-K current report (Date of earliest event reported: July 2, 1999))	
		
  3.1	  	Memorandum of Association of the Company (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 1998)	
		
  3.2	  	Articles of Association of the Company (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 1998)	
		
  3.3	  	Special Resolutions adopted January 22, 2002 increasing the number of authorized Ordinary Shares and Other Shares (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to Form 10-K of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2001)	
		
  4.1	  	Memorandum of Association of the Company (see Exhibit 3.1)	
		
  4.2	  	Articles of Association of the Company (see Exhibit 3.2)	
		
  4.3	  	Specimen certificate representing Ordinary Shares (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to Form 10-K of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2001)	
		
  4.4	  	Form of the Declaration of Terms of Capital Re LLC 7.65% Cumulative Monthly Income Preferred Shares, Series A, January 24, 1994 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Capital Re’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Reg. No. 33-72090))	
		
  4.5	  	Form of Liability Assumption Agreement dated as of January 24, 1994, between Capital Re Corporation and Capital Re LLC (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to Capital Re’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Reg. No. 33-72090))	
		
  4.6	  	Form of Loan Agreement dated as of January 24, 1994, between Capital Re Corporation and Capital Re LLC (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Capital Re’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Reg. No. 33-72090))	
		
  4.7	  	Form of Payment and Guarantee Agreement dated as of January 24, 1999, by Capital Re Corporation and Capital Re LLC (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Capital Re’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Reg. No. 33-72090))	
		
10.1*	  	ACE Limited Annual Performance Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 of the Company (No. 33-57206))	
		
10.2*	  	ACE Limited Equity Linked Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 of the Company (No. 33-57206))	
		
10.3*	  	Amendment to ACE Limited Equity Linked Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 of the Company (No. 33-57206))	
		
10.4*	  	Form of restricted stock award dated August 24, 1993, to ACE Limited Directors (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.39 to Form 10-K of the Company for the year ended September 30, 1993)	
		
10.5*	  	Employment Agreement, dated October 1, 1994, between ACE Limited and Brian Duperreault (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.42 to Form 10-K of the Company for the year ended September 30, 1994)	
		
10.6*	  	Employment Agreement, dated January 9, 1995, between ACE Limited and Dominic J. Frederico (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.45 to Form 10-K of the Company for the year ended September 30, 1995)	
 
36

Table of Contents

10.7*	  	Second amendment to ACE Limited Equity Linked Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.45 to Form 10-K of the Company for the year ended September 30, 1995)	
		
10.8*	  	Employee Stock Purchase Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.36 to Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended March 31, 1996)	
		
10.9*	  	ACE Limited 1996 Tempest Replacement Option Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 to Form 10-K of the Company for the year ended September 30, 1996)	
		
10.10*	  	Third Amendment to Equity Linked Incentive Plan-Stock Appreciation Right Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended March 31, 1997)	
		
10.11*	  	ACE Limited Elective Deferred Compensation Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended December 31, 1997)	
		
10.12*	  	ACE Limited Rules of the Approved U.K. Stock Option Program (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended December 31, 1997)	
		
10.13	  	ACE US Holdings, Inc. Credit Sensitive Senior Notes due 2008 Indenture dated as of October 27, 1998 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.37 of Form 10-K of the Company for the year ended September 30, 1998)	
		
10.14*	  	ACE Limited Rules of the Approved U.K. Stock Option Program (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended December 31, 1997)	
		
10.15	  	Information Technology Services Agreement, dated as of June 29, 1999, among ACE INA Holdings Inc. and International Business Machines Corporation (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 of the Form 8-K current report (Date of earliest event reported: July 2, 1999))	
		
10.16	  	Remarketing and Contingent Purchase Agreement, dated June 30, 1999, among ACE Limited, ACE INA Holdings Inc., ACE RHINOS Trust and Banc of America Securities LLC (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 of the Form 8-K current report (Date of earliest event reported: July 2, 1999))	
		
10.17	  	Indenture, dated as of June 15, 1999, between ACE RHINOS Trust, Holdings and The First National Bank of Chicago, as Trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.4 of the Form 8-K current report (Date of earliest event reported: July 2, 1999))	
		
10.18	  	Supplemental Indenture, dated as of June 30, 1999, between ACE RHINOS Trust, Holdings and The First National Bank of Chicago, as Trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.5 of the Form 8-K current report (Date of earliest event reported: July 2, 1999))	
		
10.19	  	Senior Indenture, dated as of August 1, 1999, among ACE INA Holdings Inc., ACE Limited and Bank One, N.A. (formerly The First National Bank of Chicago), as trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to registration statement on Form S-1 of the Company (No. 333-78841))	
		
10.20*	  	ACE Limited 1999 Replacement Long Term Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended September 30, 1999)	
		
10.21	  	Indenture, dated as of November 30, 1999, among ACE INA Holdings, Inc. and Bank One Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.38 to Form 10-K of the Company for the year ended December 31, 1999)	
		
10.22	  	Supplemental Indenture No. 1, dated as of December 6, 1999, among ACE INA Holdings, Inc. and Bank One Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.39 to Form 10-K of the Company for the year ended December 31, 1999)	
		
10.23	  	Amended and Restated Trust Agreement, dated December 20, 1999, among ACE INA Holdings, Inc., Bank One Trust Company, National Association, as property trustee, Bank One Delaware Inc., as Delaware trustee and the administrative trustees named therein (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.40 to Form 10-K of the Company for the year ended December 31, 1999)	
		
10.24	  	Indenture, dated as of December 1, 1999, among ACE INA Holdings, Inc., ACE Limited and Bank One Trust Company, National Association (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.41 to Form 10-K of the Company for the year ended December 31, 1999)	
		
10.25	  	Common Securities Guarantee Agreement, dated as of December 20, 1999 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.42 to Form 10-K of the Company for the year ended December 31, 1999)	
		
10.26	  	Preferred Securities Guarantee Agreement, dated as of December 20, 1999 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.43 to Form 10-K of the Company for the year ended December 31, 1999)	
		
10.27*	  	Consulting Agreement dated as of January 1, 2000, between Kramer Capital Corp. and the Company (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.46 to Form 10-K of the Company for the year ended December 31, 1999)	
 
37

Table of Contents

10.28*	  	Promissory note from Dominic Frederico (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.47 to Form 10-K of the Company for the year ended December 31, 1999)	
		
10.29	  	$75 million Credit Facility (subsequently amended to $100 million) between Capital Re Company, various banks and Deutsche Bank AG, as Agent (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.09 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for Capital Re Corporation for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1994 (Comm. File No. 1-10995))	
		
10.30*	  	ACE Limited 1999 Replacement Stock Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.54 to Form 10-K of the Company for the year ended December 31, 1999)	
		
10.31	  	Amendment dated as of January 27, 1998, to $100 Million Credit Facility between Capital Reinsurance Company, various banks and Deutsche Bank AG, as Agent (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.11 to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1997 for Capital Re Corporation (Comm. File No. 1-10995))	
		
10.32	  	Amendment dated as of March 22, 1999, to $100 Million Credit Facility between Capital Reinsurance Company, various banks and Deutsche Bank AG, as Agent (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.11 to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1998 for Capital Re Corporation (Comm. File No. 1-10995))	
		
10.33	  	Purchase Contract Agreement, dated as of April 12, 2000, between ACE Limited and The Bank of New York, acting as purchase contract agent for the Holders of Securities (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended March 31, 2000)	
		
10.34	  	Remarketing Agreement, dated as of April 12, 2000, among ACE Limited, The Bank of New York and Merrill Lynch & Co., Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended March 31, 2000)	
		
10.35	  	Pledge Agreement, dated as of April 12, 2000, among ACE Limited; The Bank of New York, as Collateral Agent, Custodial Agent and Securities Intermediary; and The Bank of New York, as Purchase Contract Agent (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended March 31, 2000)	
		
10.36*	  	ACE USA Officer Deferred Compensation Plan (as amended through January 1, 2000) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended March 31, 2000)	
		
10.37*	  	ACE USA Supplemental Employee Retirement Savings Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended March 31, 2000)	
		
10.38	  	Amended and Restated Five Year Credit Agreement among ACE Limited, ACE Bermuda Insurance Company Ltd., ACE INA Holdings, Inc. and ACE Financial Services, Inc., Mellon Bank, N.A., Bank of America, N.A. and The Chase Manhattan Bank, dated May 8, 2000 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended June 30, 2000)	
		
10.39	  	Amended and Restated 364 Day Credit Agreement among ACE Limited, ACE Bermuda Insurance Ltd., ACE Tempest Reinsurance Ltd. (formerly known as Tempest Reinsurance Company Limited), ACE INA Holdings Inc., ACE Guaranty Re Inc., Bank of America, N.A., The Chase Manhattan Bank and Morgan Guaranty Trust Company of New York dated May 8, 2000 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended June 30, 2000)	
		
10.40	  	The first amendment which amends the Amended and Restated Five Year Credit Agreement dated as of May 8, 2000, among ACE Limited, ACE Bermuda Insurance Ltd., ACE Tempest Reinsurance Ltd. (formerly known as Tempest Reinsurance Company Limited), ACE INA Holdings Inc. and ACE Financial Services, Inc., various financial institutions, and Morgan Guaranty Trust Company of New York, as administrative agent, dated as of October 23, 2000 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended September 30, 2000)	
		
10.41	  	The first amendment which amends the Amended and Restated 364-Day Credit Agreement dated as of May 8, 2000, among ACE Limited, ACE Bermuda Insurance Ltd., ACE Tempest Reinsurance Ltd. (formerly known as Tempest Reinsurance Company Limited), ACE INA Holdings Inc. and ACE Guaranty Re Inc., various financial institutions and Morgan Guaranty Trust Company of New York (“MGT”), as administrative agent, dated as of October 23, 2000 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended September 30, 2000)	
		
10.42*	  	First Amendment to ACE Limited Employee Stock Purchase Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.59 to Form 10-K of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2000)	
		
10.43	  	Amendment and Restatement Agreement relating to a Letter of Credit Facility Agreement dated November 17, 2000 among ACE Limited, ACE Bermuda Insurance Ltd., Citibank, N.A., as arranger, Barclays Bank plc and ING Barings, as co-arrangers and Citibank International plc, as agent (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.61 to Form 10-K of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2000)	
		
10.44*	  	Promissory Note dated January 9, 2001 from Dominic J. Frederico (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended March 31, 2001)	
 
38

Table of Contents

10.45	  	Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of April 6, 2001, among ACE Limited, ACE Bermuda Insurance Ltd., ACE Tempest Reinsurance Ltd., ACE INA Holdings Inc., and ACE Guaranty Re Inc., certain lenders, JP Morgan, a division of Chase Securities Inc., as Lead Arranger and Bookrunner, Bank of America, N.A., Barclays Bank plc and Fleet National Bank, as Co-Syndication Agents and Morgan Guaranty Company of New York, as Administrative Agent. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended March 31, 2001)	
		
10.46*	  	ACE Limited 1998 Long-Term Incentive Plan (as amended through the Second Amendment) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended March 31, 2001)	
		
10.47*	  	The Compromise Agreement dated May 16, 2001 between ACE and John Charman (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended June 30, 2001)	
		
10.48*	  	The ACE Limited 1995 Long Term Incentive Plan (as amended through the Second Amendment) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended June 30, 2001)	
		
10.49*	  	ACE Limited Supplemental Retirement Plan (as amended and restated effective July 1, 2001) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended September 30, 2001)	
		
10.50	  	Second Amendment dated as of October 23, 2001, amending the Amended and Restated 364-day Credit Agreement dated as of May 8, 2000, as amended as of October 23, 2000, and amended and restated as of April 6, 2001, among ACE Limited, certain subsidiaries, various lenders and Morgan Guaranty Trust Company of New York (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended September 30, 2001)	
		
10.51	  	Second Amendment dated as of October 23, 2001, amending the Amended and Restated Five Year Credit Agreement dated as of May 8, 2000, and as amended as of October 23, 2000 among ACE Limited, certain subsidiaries, various lenders and Morgan Guaranty Trust Company of New York. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended September 30, 2001)	
		
10.52	  	Amended and Restated Rights Agreement between ACE Limited and Mellon Investor Services LLC, Rights Agent, dated as of December 20, 2001 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.59 to Form 10-K of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2001)	
		
10.53*	  	First Amendment to ACE Ltd. Elective Deferred Compensation Plan, effective as of January 1, 2001 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.60 to Form 10-K of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2001)	
		
10.54*	  	ACE Limited Employee Retirement Plan, as amended and restated effective July 1, 2001, and further amended through December 28, 2001 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.61 to Form 10-K of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2001)	
		
10.55	  	Second Amendment and Restatement dated as of November 21, 2001 amending and restating a letter of credit facility agreement dated as of November 19, 1999, and amended November 17, 2000, (and further amended as of October 23, 2001) among ACE Limited, ACE Bermuda Insurance Ltd., Citibank, N.A. as arranger, Barclays Bank plc and ING Barings, as co-arrangers, and Citibank International plc, as agent and trustee and certain financial institutions. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.62 to Form 10-K of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2001)	
		
10.56	  	Second Amendment and Restatement dated as of April 5, 2002, amending the credit agreement dated as of May 8, 2000, among ACE Limited, certain subsidiaries, various lenders and J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended June 30, 2002)	
		
10.57	  	Third Amendment dated as of April 5, 2002, amending the Amended and Restated Five Year Credit Agreement dated as of May 8, 2000, and as amended October 23, 2000, among ACE Limited, certain subsidiaries, various lenders and JP Morgan Chase Bank (formerly known as Morgan Guaranty Trust Company of New York). (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended June 30, 2002)	
		
10.58*	  	The ACE Limited 1995 Outside Directors Plan (As amended through the fifth amendment) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended June 30, 2002)	
		
10.59	  	Reimbursement agreement for $500,000,000 Letter of Credit Facility dated as of September 30, 2002, among ACE Limited, certain subsidiaries, various lenders and Wachovia Securities Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended September 30, 2002)	
		
10.60	  	Reimbursement agreement for $350,000,000 Secured Letter of Credit Facility dated as of September 30, 2002, by ACE Limited, certain subsidiaries, various lenders and Wachovia Securities Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended September 30, 2002)	
		
10.61	  	Credit agreement dated May 30, 2002 by and among ACE Guaranty Re Inc., certain lenders, and ABN AMRO BANK N.V., in its capacity as administrative and sole bookrunner, and Commerzbank AG, New York and Grand Cayman Branches, Fleet National Bank and Westdeutsche Landesbank Girozentrale, New York Branch, as Co-Documentation Agents	
 
39

Table of Contents

10.62	  	Continuing Agreement of Guaranty, dated as of May 30, 2002, given by ACE Limited, in favor of ABN AMRO Bank N.V., as agent for certain banks, in connection with that Credit Agreement, dated as of May 31, 2002, by and among ACE Guaranty Re Inc., certain banks, ABN AMRO Bank N.V., as agent, and Commerzbank AG, New York and Grand Cayman Branches, Fleet National Bank and Westdeutsche Landesbank Girozentrale, New York Branch, as Co-Documentation Agents	
		
10.63	  	Third Amendment and Restatement dated as of November 19, 2002, amending and restating a letter of credit facility agreement dated as of November 19, 1999, and amended November 17, 2000, (and further amended as of October 23, 2001, and November 21, 2001) among ACE Limited, ACE Bermuda Insurance Ltd., Citibank, N.A. and Barclays Capital as lead arrangers and ING Bank, as co-arranger, and Citibank International plc, as agent and security trustee and certain financial institutions	
		
10.64*	  	Employment Terms dated October 29, 2001, between ACE Limited and Evan Greenberg	
		
10.65*	  	Employment Terms dated November 2, 2001, between ACE Limited and Philip V. Bancroft	
		
10.66*	  	Amendment dated as of February 25, 2003, amending the Employment Agreement dated January 9, 1995, between ACE Limited and Dominic J. Frederico	
		
13.1	  	Pages 2 and 3, and 19 through 110 of the 2002 Annual Report to Shareholders	
		
21.1	  	Subsidiaries of the Company	
		
23.1	  	Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP	
		
99.1	  	Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	
		
99.2	  	Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	
 
*    Management Contract or Compensation Plan
 
(b)     Reports on Form 8-K
 
The Company filed a Form 8-K current report (date of earliest event reported: January 27, 2003) pertaining to ACE Limited’s announcement that it would strengthen the Company’s asbestos reserves resulting in a $354 million net after-tax charge to fourth quarter 2002 earnings.
 
40

Table of Contents
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS ON FINANCIAL STATEMENT
SCHEDULES INCLUDED IN FORM 10-K
 
Our report on the consolidated financial statements of ACE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES has been incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K from page 59 of the 2002 Annual Report to Shareholders of ACE Limited. In connection with our audits of such financial statements, we have also audited the related financial statement schedules listed in item 15 of this Form 10-K.
 
In our opinion, the financial statement schedules referred to above, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as whole, present fairly, in all material respects, the information required to be included therein.
 
P RICEWATERHOUSE C OOPERS LLP
 
New York, New York
February 3, 2003
 
41

Table of Contents
SCHEDULE I
 
SUMMARY OF INVESTMENTS — OTHER THAN INVESTMENTS IN RELATED PARTIES
 
ACE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
December 31, 2002
 
 	  	Cost or
Amortized Cost
	  	Fair Value
	  	Amount at which shown in the balance sheet
	
 	  	(in thousands of U.S. dollars)	
Fixed maturities:	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Bonds:	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
U.S. Treasury and agency	  	$	1,244,484	  	$	1,320,965	  	$	1,320,965	
Non-U.S. governments	  	 	1,545,171	  	 	1,597,860	  	 	1,597,860	
Corporate securities	  	 	6,730,915	  	 	7,039,636	  	 	7,039,636	
Mortgage-backed securities	  	 	3,167,580	  	 	3,260,520	  	 	3,260,520	
States, municipalities and political subdivision	  	 	1,102,592	  	 	1,200,760	  	 	1,200,760	
 	  			  			  			
Total fixed maturities	  	$	13,790,742	  	$	14,419,741	  	$	14,419,741	
 	  			  			  			
Equity securities:	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Common stock:	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Public utilities	  	 	11,375	  	 	12,454	  	 	12,454	
Banks, trust and insurance companies	  	 	55,434	  	 	50,760	  	 	50,760	
Industrial, miscellaneous and all other	  	 	375,457	  	 	347,817	  	 	347,817	
 	  			  			  			
Total equity securities	  	 	442,266	  	 	411,031	  	 	411,031	
 	  			  			  			
Other investments	  	 	621,715	  	 	652,048	  	 	652,048	
 	  			  			  			
Securities on loan	  	 	285,569	  	 	292,973	  	 	292,973	
 	  			  			  			
Short-term investments and cash	  	 	2,548,115	  	 	2,548,115	  	 	2,548,115	
 	  			  			  			
Total investments and cash	  	$	17,688,407	  	$	18,323,908	  	$	18,323,908	

42

Table of Contents
SCHEDULE II
 
CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT
 
ACE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
BALANCE SHEETS (Parent Company Only)
December 31, 2002 and 2001
 
 	  	2002
	 	  	2001
	 	
 	  	(in thousands of U.S. dollars)	 	
Assets	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Investments and cash	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Investments in subsidiaries and affiliates on equity basis	  	$	7,095,429	 	  	$	5,621,604	 	
Fixed maturities	  	 	60,408	 	  	 	335,909	 	
Short-term investments	  	 	14,678	 	  	 	120,892	 	
Other investments, at cost	  	 	270	 	  	 	270	 	
Cash	  	 	2,150	 	  	 	32,525	 	
 	  				  				
Total investments and cash	  	 	7,172,935	 	  	 	6,111,200	 	
Due from subsidiaries and affiliates, net	  	 	162,314	 	  	 	348,372	 	
Other assets	  	 	42,703	 	  	 	64,570	 	
 	  				  				
Total assets	  	$	7,377,952	 	  	$	6,524,142	 	
 	  				  				
Liabilities	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	  	$	131,210	 	  	$	64,341	 	
Dividends payable	  	 	47,724	 	  	 	42,044	 	
Long-term debt	  	 	499,282	 	  	 	—  	 	
 	  				  				
Total liabilities	  	 	678,216	 	  	 	106,385	 	
 	  				  				
Mezzanine equity	  	 	311,050	 	  	 	311,050	 	
 	  				  				
Shareholders’ equity	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Ordinary Shares	  	 	10,945	 	  	 	10,828	 	
Additional paid-in capital	  	 	3,781,112	 	  	 	3,710,698	 	
Unearned stock grant compensation	  	 	(42,576	)	  	 	(37,994	)	
Retained earnings	  	 	2,199,313	 	  	 	2,321,576	 	
Deferred compensation obligation	  	 	18,631	 	  	 	16,497	 	
Accumulated other comprehensive income	  	 	439,892	 	  	 	101,599	 	
Ordinary Shares issued to employee trust	  	 	(18,631	)	  	 	(16,497	)	
 	  				  				
Total shareholders’ equity	  	 	6,388,686	 	  	 	6,106,707	 	
 	  				  				
Total liabilities, mezzanine equity and shareholders’ equity	  	$	7,377,952	 	  	$	6,524,142	 	

43

Table of Contents
SCHEDULE II (Cont’d.)
 
CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT
 
ACE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Parent Company Only)
For the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000
 
 	  	2002
	 	  	2001
	 	  	2000
	 	
 	  	(in thousands of U.S. dollars)	 	
Revenues	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Investment income, including intercompany interest income	  	$	19,417	 	  	$	70,075	 	  	$	36,841	 	
Equity in net income of subsidiaries and affiliates	  	 	215,437	 	  	 	(136,456	)	  	 	575,032	 	
Net realized losses on investments	  	 	(79,480	)	  	 	(13,524	)	  	 	(1,623	)	
 	  				  				  				
 	  	 	155,374	 	  	 	(79,905	)	  	 	610,250	 	
Expenses	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Administrative and other expenses	  	 	(78,825	)	  	 	(66,509	)	  	 	(67,268	)	
 	  				  				  				
Net income (loss)	  	$	76,549	 	  	$	(146,414	)	  	$	542,982	 	

44

Table of Contents
SCHEDULE II (Cont’d.)
 
CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT
 
ACE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Parent Company Only)
For the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000
 
 	  	2002
	 	  	2001
	 	  	2000
	 	
 	  	(in thousands of U.S. Dollars)	 	
Cash flows from operating activities	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Net income (loss)	  	$	76,549	 	  	$	(146,414	)	  	$	542,982	 	
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash flow from (used for) operating activities:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Equity in net income of subsidiaries and affiliates	  	 	(215,437	)	  	 	136,456	 	  	 	(575,032	)	
Net realized losses on investments	  	 	79,480	 	  	 	13,524	 	  	 	1,623	 	
Amortization of premiums/discounts on fixed maturities	  	 	664	 	  	 	(432	)	  	 	(764	)	
Amounts due to subsidiaries and affiliates, net	  	 	(138,038	)	  	 	153,553	 	  	 	(6,914	)	
Accounts payable accrued expenses and other liabilities	  	 	15,069	 	  	 	26,887	 	  	 	(5,525	)	
Accrued interest on advances from affiliate	  	 	(13,083	)	  	 	(31,846	)	  	 	(14,831	)	
Other	  	 	19,140	 	  	 	(38,300	)	  	 	9,437	 	
 	  				  				  				
Net cash flows from (used for) operating activities	  	$	(175,656	)	  	$	113,428	 	  	$	(49,024	)	
 	  				  				  				
Cash flows from investing activities	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Purchases of fixed maturities	  	$	(53,613	)	  	$	(125,733	)	  	$	(618,049	)	
Sales of fixed maturities	  	 	399,456	 	  	 	94,689	 	  	 	449,766	 	
Other investments	  	 	—  	 	  	 	(1,009	)	  	 	135	 	
Dividends received from subsidiaries	  	 	485,000	 	  	 	338,873	 	  	 	101,147	 	
Capitalization of subsidiaries	  	 	(1,314,676	)	  	 	(1,101,000	)	  	 	(27,103	)	
Advances to affiliates	  	 	(43,022	)	  	 	(1,320,100	)	  	 	(157,435	)	
Advances from affiliates	  	 	695,819	 	  	 	625,000	 	  	 	307,435	 	
Settlement of an acquisition-related lawsuit	  	 	54,380	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	
Intercompany sale of subsidiaries	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	82,244	 	
 	  				  				  				
Net cash flows from (used for) investing activities	  	$	223,345	 	  	$	(1,489,280	)	  	$	138,140	 	
 	  				  				  				
Cash flows from financing activities	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Dividends paid on Ordinary Shares	  	$	(167,470	)	  	$	(128,745	)	  	$	(106,459	)	
Dividends paid on Mezzanine equity	  	 	(25,662	)	  	 	(25,666	)	  	 	(15,254	)	
Proceeds from long-term debt	  	 	499,155	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	
Proceeds from exercise of options for Ordinary Shares	  	 	44,562	 	  	 	32,666	 	  	 	31,335	 	
Proceeds from Ordinary Shares issued under ESPP	  	 	7,472	 	  	 	6,074	 	  	 	1,234	 	
Advances from affiliates	  	 	505,525	 	  	 	945,100	 	  	 	125,000	 	
Advances to affiliates	  	 	(941,646	)	  	 	(424,000	)	  	 	(370,513	)	
Repurchase of Ordinary Shares	  	 	—  	 	  	 	(179,446	)	  	 	—  	 	
Net proceeds from issuance of Ordinary Shares	  	 	—  	 	  	 	1,135,878	 	  	 	400,320	 	
Proceeds from issuance of Mezzanine equity	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	311,050	 	
Issuance costs of Mezzanine equity	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	(9,884	)	
Repayment of short-term debt	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	(424,886	)	
 	  				  				  				
Net cash flows from (used for) financing activities	  	$	(78,064	)	  	$	1,361,861	 	  	$	(58,057	)	
 	  				  				  				
Net increase (decrease) in cash	  	 	(30,375	)	  	 	(13,991	)	  	 	31,059	 	
Cash—beginning of year	  	 	32,525	 	  	 	46,516	 	  	 	15,457	 	
 	  				  				  				
Cash—end of year	  	$	2,150	 	  	$	32,525	 	  	$	46,516	 	

45

Table of Contents
SCHEDULE IV
 
ACE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION CONCERNING REINSURANCE
For the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000
(in thousands of U.S. dollars)
 
Premiums Written
 
 	    	Direct Amount
	    	Ceded To Other Companies
	    	Assumed From Other Companies
	    	Net Amount
	
2002	    	$	9,939,024	    	$	4,750,673	    	$	2,879,947	    	$	8,068,298	
2001	    	$	7,629,233	    	$	3,801,748	    	$	2,536,129	    	$	6,363,614	
2000	    	$	6,093,151	    	$	2,707,417	    	$	1,493,620	    	$	4,879,354	
 
46

Table of Contents
SCHEDULE VI
 
ACE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION CONCERNING PROPERTY/CASUALTY OPERATIONS
 
For the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000
(in thousands of U.S. dollars)
 
 	 	Deferred Policy
Acquisition Costs
	 	Net Reserves
for Unpaid Losses
and Loss
Expenses
	 	Unearned
Premium
	 	Net Premiums
Earned
	 	Net
Investment Income
	 	Net Losses and
Loss Expenses
Incurred Related to
	 	  	Amortization of Deferred
Policy
Acquisition
Costs
	 	Net Paid
Losses
and Loss
Expenses
	 	Net
Premiums
Written
	
 	 		 		 		 		 		 	Current Year
	  	Prior Year
	 	  		 		 		
2002	 	$	829,860	 	$	11,318,018	 	$	5,583,376	 	$	6,672,227	 	$	775,136	 	$	4,197,829	  	$	708,681	 	  	$	944,135	 	$	3,951,281	 	$	7,909,284	
2001	 	$	677,776	 	$	10,099,514	 	$	3,852,019	 	$	5,510,897	 	$	776,461	 	$	4,457,986	  	$	94,470	 	  	$	776,812	 	$	3,749,854	 	$	5,995,924	
2000	 	$	572,757	 	$	9,064,950	 	$	3,035,288	 	$	4,534,763	 	$	770,855	 	$	2,996,429	  	$	(60,364	)	  	$	650,741	 	$	4,102,281	 	$	4,879,354	
 
47

Table of Contents
SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
ACE Limited
 
By:             /s/    P HILIP V. B ANCROFT

Philip V. Bancroft
Chief Financial Officer
 
March 26, 2003
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
 
Signature
	  	Title
	 	Date

B RIAN D UPERREAULT
/s/

Brian Duperreault	  	Chairman, Chief Executive
Officer; Director	 	March 26, 2003	
		
P HILIP V. B ANCROFT
/s/

Philip V. Bancroft	  	Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)	 	March 26, 2003	
		
R OBERT A. B LEE
/s/

Robert A. Blee	  	Chief Accounting Officer
(Principal Accounting Officer)	 	March 26, 2003	
		
D ONALD K RAMER
/s/

Donald Kramer	  	Vice Chairman; Director	 	March 26, 2003	
		
D OMINIC J. F REDERICO
/s/

Dominic J. Frederico	  	President, Chief Operating Officer;
Director	 	March 26, 2003	
		
E VAN G REENBERG
/s/

Evan Greenberg	  	Vice Chairman; Director	 	March 26, 2003	
		
M ICHAEL G. A TIEH
/s/

Michael G. Atieh	  	Director	 	March 26, 2003	
		
B RUCE L. C ROCKETT
/s/

Bruce L. Crockett	  	Director	 	March 26, 2003	
		
R OBERT M. H ERNANDEZ
/s/

Robert M. Hernandez	  	Director	 	March 26, 2003	
 
48

Table of Contents

Signature
	  	Title
	 	Date

J OHN A. K ROL
/s/

John A. Krol	  	Director	 	March 26, 2003	
		
P ETER M ENIKOFF
/s/

Peter Menikoff	  	Director	 	March 26, 2003	
		
T HOMAS J. N EFF
/s/

Thomas J. Neff	  	Director	 	March 26, 2003	
		
R OBERT R IPP
/s/

Robert Ripp	  	Director	 	March 26, 2003	
		
W ALTER A. S COTT
/s/

Walter A. Scott	  	Director	 	March 26, 2003	
		
D ERMOT F. S MURFIT
/s/

Dermot F. Smurfit	  	Director	 	March 26, 2003	
		
R OBERT W. S TALEY
/s/

Robert W. Staley	  	Director	 	March 26, 2003	
		
G ARY M. S TUART
/s/

Gary M. Stuart	  	Director	 	March 26, 2003	

49

Table of Contents
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
SECTION 302 OF
THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
 
I, Brian Duperreault, certify that:
 
1)	 	I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of ACE Limited;	
 
2)	 	Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this annual report;	
 
3)	 	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this annual report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this annual report;	
 
4)	 	The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14) for the registrant and have:	
 
 	a)	 	designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this annual report is being prepared;	
 
 	b)	 	evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of this annual report (the “Evaluation Date”); and	
 
 	c)	 	presented in this annual report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on our evaluation as of the Evaluation Date;	
 
5)	 	The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):	
 
 	a)	 	all significant deficiencies in the design or operation of internal controls which could adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial data and have identified for the registrant’s auditors any material weaknesses in internal controls; and	
 
 	b)	 	any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal controls; and	
 
6)	 	The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have indicated in this annual report whether there were significant changes in internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect internal controls subsequent to the date of our most recent evaluation, including any corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies and material weaknesses.	
 
March 26, 2003
 
/ S /    B RIAN D UPERREAULT

Chief Executive Officer

50

Table of Contents
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
SECTION 302 OF
THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
 
I, Philip V. Bancroft, certify that:
 
1)	 	I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of ACE Limited;	
 
2)	 	Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this annual report;	
 
3)	 	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this annual report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this annual report;	
 
4)	 	The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14) for the registrant and have:	
 
 	a)	 	designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this annual report is being prepared;	
 
 	b)	 	evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of this annual report (the “Evaluation Date”); and	
 
 	c)	 	presented in this annual report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on our evaluation as of the Evaluation Date;	
 
5)	 	The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):	
 
 	a)	 	all significant deficiencies in the design or operation of internal controls which could adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial data and have identified for the registrant’s auditors any material weaknesses in internal controls; and	
 
 	b)	 	any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal controls; and	
 
6)	 	The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have indicated in this annual report whether there were significant changes in internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect internal controls subsequent to the date of our most recent evaluation, including any corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies and material weaknesses.	
 
March 26, 2003
 
/ S /    P HILIP V. B ANCROFT

Chief Financial Officer

51
 
Exhibit 10.61
[EXECUTION COPY]

$100,000,000
364-DAY REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY
CREDIT AGREEMENT
Among
ACE GUARANTY RE INC.
and
THE BANKS PARTY HERETO
and
ABN AMRO BANK N.V.,
As Administrative Agent
and
Dated as of May 30, 2002

ABN AMRO INCORPORATED
As Syndication Agent,
Lead Arranger, and Bookrunner

TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                                                              Page
ARTICLE I - CERTAIN DEFINITIONS............................................      1
      Section 1.01   Certain Definitions...................................      1
      Section 1.02   Construction..........................................     14
           (a)       Number; Inclusion.....................................     14
           (b)       Determination.........................................     14
           (c)       Agent's Discretion and Consent........................     14
           (d)       Documents Taken as a Whole............................     14
           (e)       Headings..............................................     14
           (f)       Implied References to this Agreement..................     14
           (g)       Persons...............................................     14
           (h)       Modifications to Documents............................     14
           (i)       From, To and Through..................................     14
           (j)       Shall; Will...........................................     15
      Section 1.03   Accounting Principles.................................     15

ARTICLE II -REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY......................................     15
      Section 2.01   Revolving Credit Commitments..........................     15
      Section 2.02   Nature of Banks' Obligations with Respect to
                     Revolving Credit Loans................................     15
      Section 2.03   Facility Fees.........................................     16
      Section 2.04   Utilization Fee.......................................     16
      Section 2.05   Revolving Credit Loan Requests........................     16
      Section 2.06   Making Revolving Credit Loans.........................     16
      Section 2.07   Use of Proceeds.......................................     16
      Section 2.08   Bid Loan Facility.....................................     16
           (a)       Bid Loan Requests.....................................     16
           (b)       Bidding...............................................     17
           (c)       Accepting Bids........................................     17
           (d)       Funding Bid Loans.....................................     18
           (e)       Several Obligations...................................     18
           (f)       Bid Notes.............................................     18
      Section 2.09   Extension by Banks of the Expiration Date.............     18
           (a)       Requests; Approval by All Banks.......................     18
           (b)       Approval by Required Banks............................     18

ARTICLE III - INTEREST RATES...............................................     19
      Section 3.01   Interest Rate Options.................................     19
           (a)       Revolving Credit Interest Rate Options................     19
           (b)       Rate Quotations.......................................     19
           (c)       Change in Fees or Interest Rates......................     20	

-i-
TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                                                              Page
      Section 3.02   Committed Loans Interest Periods......................     20
           (a)       Amount of Borrowing Tranche...........................     20
           (b)       Renewals..............................................     20
      Section 3.03   Interest After Default................................     20
           (a)       Interest Rate.........................................     20
           (b)       Other Obligations.....................................     20
           (c)       Acknowledgment........................................     20
      Section 3.04   Euro-Rate Unascertainable; Illegality; Increased
                     Costs; Deposits Not Available.........................     21
           (a)       Unascertainable.......................................     21
           (b)       Illegality; Increased Costs; Deposits Not Available...     21
           (c)       Agent's and Bank's Rights.............................     21
      Section 3.05   Selection of Interest Rate Options....................     22

ARTICLE IV - PAYMENTS......................................................     22
      Section 4.01   Payments..............................................     22
      Section 4.02   Pro Rata Treatment of Banks...........................     22
      Section 4.03   Interest Payment Dates................................     23
      Section 4.04   Voluntary Prepayments.................................     23
           (a)       Right to Prepay.......................................     23
           (b)       Replacement of a Bank.................................     24
           (c)       Change of Lending Office..............................     24
      Section 4.05   Reduction or Termination of Commitments...............     24
      Section 4.06   Additional Compensation in Certain Circumstances......     24
           (a)       Increased Costs or Reduced Return Resulting From
                     Taxes, Reserves, Capital Adequacy Requirements,
                     Expenses, Etc.........................................     24
           (b)       Indemnity.............................................     25
      Section 4.07   Taxes.................................................     26
           (a)       No Deductions.........................................     26
           (b)       Stamp Taxes...........................................     26
           (c)       Indemnification for Taxes Paid by a Bank..............     26
           (d)       Certificate...........................................     26
           (e)       Survival..............................................     26
      Section 4.08   Judgment Currency.....................................     27
           (a)       Currency Conversion Procedures for Judgments..........     27
           (b)       Indemnity in Certain Events...........................     27
      Section 4.09   Notes, Maturity.......................................     27

ARTICLE V - REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES.................................     27
      Section 5.01   Representations and Warranties........................     27
           (a)       Organization and Qualification........................     27	

-ii-
TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                                                              Page
           (b)       Capitalization and Subsidiaries.......................     27
           (c)       Power and Authority...................................     27
           (d)       Validity and Binding Effect...........................     27
           (e)       No Conflict...........................................     28
           (f)       Litigation............................................     28
           (g)       Title to Properties...................................     28
           (h)       Financial Statements, Reinsurance Coverage............     28
           (i)       Use of Proceeds; Margin Stock.........................     29
           (j)       Full Disclosure.......................................     29
           (k)       Taxes.................................................     29
           (l)       Consents and Approvals................................     29
           (m)       No Event of Default; Compliance With Instruments......     29
           (n)       Licenses, Etc.........................................     30
           (o)       Insurance.............................................     30
           (p)       Compliance With Laws..................................     30
           (q)       Material Contracts; Burdensome Restrictions...........     30
           (r)       Investment Companies; Regulated Entities..............     30
           (s)       Plans and Benefit Arrangements........................     30
           (t)       Senior Debt Status....................................     31
      Section 5.02   Continuation of Representations.......................     31

ARTICLE VI - CONDITIONS OF LENDING.........................................     31
      Section 6.01   First Loans...........................................     31
           (a)       Representations and Warranties True and Complete,
                     No Defaults...........................................     31
           (b)       Secretary's Certificate...............................     32
           (c)       Delivery of Notes, Guaranty Agreements, and Loan
                     Request...............................................     32
           (d)       Opinion of Counsel....................................     32
           (e)       Legal Details.........................................     32
           (f)       Payment of Fees.......................................     32
           (g)       No Material Adverse Change............................     33
      Section 6.02   Each Additional Loan..................................     33

ARTICLE VII - COVENANTS....................................................     33
      Section 7.01   Affirmative Covenants.................................     33
           (a)       Preservation of Existence, Etc........................     33
           (b)       Payment of Liabilities, Including Taxes, Etc..........     33
           (c)       Maintenance of Insurance..............................     33
           (d)       Maintenance of Properties and Leases..................     34
           (e)       Maintenance of Licenses, Etc..........................     34
           (f)       Visitation Rights.....................................     34	

-iii-
TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                                                              Page
           (g)       Keeping of Records and Books of Account...............     34
           (h)       Plans and Benefit Arrangements........................     34
           (i)       Compliance With Laws..................................     34
           (j)       Use of Proceeds.......................................     35
           (k)       Senior Debt Status....................................     35
      Section 7.02   Negative Covenants....................................     35
           (a)       Indebtedness..........................................     35
           (b)       Liens.................................................     36
           (c)       Guaranties............................................     36
           (d)       Loans and Investments.................................     36
           (e)       Dividends and Related Distributions...................     36
           (f)       Liquidations, Mergers, Consolidations, Acquisitions...     36
           (g)       Dispositions of Assets or Subsidiaries................     37
           (h)       Affiliate Transactions................................     38
           (i)       Subsidiaries, Partnerships and Joint Ventures.........     38
           (j)       Continuation of or Changes in Business................     38
           (k)       Plans and Benefit Arrangements........................     39
           (l)       Fiscal Year...........................................     39
           (m)       Minimum Statutory Capital.............................     39
           (n)       Maximum Exposure Ration...............................     39
           (o)       Maximum Debt to Total Capitalization Ratio............     39
           (p)       Maximum Collateralized Credit Derivative Guaranties...     39
      Section 7.03   Reporting Requirements................................     39
           (a)       Quarterly Financial Statements........................     39
           (b)       Annual Financial Statements...........................     40
           (c)       Certificate of the Borrower...........................     40
           (d)       Notice of Default.....................................     40
           (e)       Off-Balance Sheet Financing...........................     41
           (f)       Notice of Litigation..................................     41
           (g)       Notice of Change in Insurer Financial Strength
                     Rating................................................     41
           (h)       Sale of Assets........................................     41
           (i)       Budgets, Other Reports and Information................     41

ARTICLE VIII - DEFAULT.....................................................     41
      Section 8.01   Events of Default.....................................     41
           (a)       Payments Under Loan Documents.........................     41
           (b)       Breach of Warranty....................................     41
           (c)       Breach of Negative Covenants or Visitation Rights.....     42
           (d)       Breach of Other Covenants.............................     42
           (e)       Defaults in Other Agreements or Indebtedness..........     42
           (f)       Final Judgments or Orders.............................     42
           (g)       Loan Documents Unenforceable..........................     42	

-iv-
TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                                                              Page
           (h)       Losses, Proceedings Against Assets....................     42
           (i)       Notice of Lien or Assessment..........................     42
           (j)       Insolvency............................................     43
           (k)       Events Relating to Plans and Benefit Arrangements.....     43
           (l)       Change of Control.....................................     43
           (m)       Involuntary Proceedings...............................     43
           (n)       Voluntary Proceedings.................................     43
      Section 8.02   Consequences of Event of Default......................     44
           (a)       Events of Default Other Than Bankruptcy, Insolvency
                     or Reorganization Proceedings.........................     44
           (b)       Bankruptcy, Insolvency or Reorganization Proceedings..     44
           (c)       Set-off...............................................     44
           (d)       Suits, Actions, Proceedings...........................     44
           (e)       Application of Proceeds...............................     45
           (f)       Other Rights and Remedies.............................     45
      Section 8.03   Right of Competitive Bid Loan Banks...................     45

ARTICLE IX - THE AGENT.....................................................     45
      Section 9.01   Appointment...........................................     45
      Section 9.02   Delegation of Duties..................................     46
      Section 9.03   Nature of Duties, Independent Credit Investigation....     46
      Section 9.04   Actions in Discretion of Agent Instructions From the
                     Banks.................................................     46
      Section 9.05   Reimbursement and Indemnification of Agent by the
                     Borrower..............................................     46
      Section 9.06   Exculpatory Provisions, Limitation of Liability.......     47
      Section 9.07   Reimbursement and Indemnification of Agent by Banks...     47
      Section 9.08   Reliance by Agent.....................................     48
      Section 9.09   Notice of Default.....................................     48
      Section 9.10   Notices...............................................     48
      Section 9.11   Banks in Their Individual Capacities..................     48
      Section 9.12   Holders of Notes......................................     49
      Section 9.13   Equalization of Banks.................................     49
      Section 9.14   Successor Agent.......................................     49
      Section 9.15   Agent's Fee ..........................................     50
      Section 9.16   Availability of Funds.................................     50
      Section 9.17   Calculations..........................................     50
      Section 9.18   Beneficiaries.........................................     50

ARTICLE X - MISCELLANEOUS..................................................     50
      Section 10.01  Modifications, Amendments or Waivers..................     50
           (a)       Increase of Commitment, Extension of Expiration
                     Datet.................................................     50	

-v-
TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                                                        Page
     (b)       Extension of Payment, Reduction of Principal
               Interest or Fees, Modification of Terms of Payment....     51
     (c)       Release of Collateral or Guarantor....................     51
     (d)       Miscellaneous.........................................     51
Section 10.02  No Implied Waivers, Cumulative Remedies, Writing
               Required..............................................     51
Section 10.03  Reimbursement and Indemnification of Banks by the
               Borrower; Taxes.......................................     51
Section 10.04  Holidays..............................................     52
Section 10.05  Funding by Branch Subsidiary, or Affiliate............     52
     (a)       National Funding......................................     52
     (b)       Actual Funding........................................     52
Section 10.06  Notices...............................................     53
Section 10.07  Severability..........................................     53
Section 10.08  Governing Law.........................................     53
Section 10.09  Prior Understanding...................................     54
Section 10.01  Duration, Survival....................................     54
Section 10.11  Successors and Assigns................................     54
Section 10.12  Confidentiality.......................................     55
     (a)       General...............................................     55
     (b)       Sharing Information With Affiliates of the Banks......     56
Section 10.13  Counterparts..........................................     56
Section 10.14  Agent's or Bank's Consent.............................     56
Section 10.15  Exceptions............................................     56
Section 10.16  CONSENT TO FORUM, WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL................     56
Section 10.17  Tax Withholding Clause................................     56
Section 10.18  Joinder of Guarantors.................................     57	

-vi-

                         LIST OF SCHEDULES AND EXHIBITS

SCHEDULES

SCHEDULE 1.01(A)       -   PRICING GRID
SCHEDULE 1.01(B)       -   COMMITMENTS OF BANKS AND ADDRESSES FOR NOTICES
SCHEDULE 1.01(P)       -   EXISTING LIENS
SCHEDULE 5.01(h)       -   REINSURANCE COVERAGE
SCHEDULE 7.02(a)       -   EXISTING INDEBTEDNESS

EXHIBITS

EXHIBIT 1.01(A)        -   ASSIGNMENT AND ASSUMPTION AGREEMENT
EXHIBIT 1.01(B)        -   BID NOTE
EXHIBIT 1.01(G)(1)     -   GUARANTOR JOINDER
EXHIBIT 1.01(G)(2)-1   -   GUARANTY AGREEMENT OF ACE LIMITED
EXHIBIT 1.01(G)(2)-2   -   GUARANTY AGREEMENT OF MATERIAL SUBSIDIARIES
EXHIBIT 1.01(R)        -   REVOLVING CREDIT NOTE
EXHIBIT 2.05           -   COMMITTED LOAN REQUEST
EXHIBIT 2.08(a)        -   BID LOAN REQUEST
EXHIBIT 6.01(d)        -   OPINION(S) OF COUNSEL
EXHIBIT 7.03(c)        -   QUARTERLY COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE	

-vii-
CREDIT AGREEMENT
THIS CREDIT AGREEMENT is dated as of May 30, 2002, and is made by and among ACE GUARANTY RE INC., a Maryland corporation (the "Borrower"), the BANKS (as hereinafter defined), and ABN AMRO BANK N.V., in its capacity as administrative agent for the Banks under this Agreement (hereinafter referred to in such capacity as the "Agent") and sole bookrunner, and Commerzbank AG, New York and Grand Cayman Branches, Fleet National Bank and Westdeutsche Landesbank Girozentrale, New York Branch, as Co-Documentation Agents.
WITNESSETH:
WHEREAS, the Borrower has requested the Banks to provide a 364-day revolving credit facility to the Borrower in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed the Commitments of the Banks; and
WHEREAS, such revolving credit facility shall be used for the general corporate purposes of Borrower; and
WHEREAS, the Banks are willing to provide such credit upon the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth;
NOW, THEREFORE, the parties hereto, in consideration of their mutual covenants and agreements hereinafter set forth, hereby covenant and agree as follows:
ARTICLE I - CERTAIN DEFINITIONS
Section 1.01 Certain Definitions. In addition to words and terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement, the following words and terms shall have the following meanings, respectively, unless the context hereof clearly requires otherwise:
ABN AMRO Bank or ABN AMRO shall mean ABN AMRO Bank N.V., its successors and assigns.
ACE shall mean ACE Limited, a Cayman Islands company.
Affiliate as to any Person shall mean any other Person (i) which directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, such Person, (ii) which beneficially owns or holds 5% or more of any class of the voting or other equity interests of such Person, or (iii) 5% or more of any class of voting interests or other equity interests of which is beneficially owned or held, directly or indirectly, by such Person. Control, as used in this definition, shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of a Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise, including the power to elect a majority of the directors or trustees of a corporation or trust, as the case may be.
Agent shall mean ABN AMRO Bank N.V., and its successors and assigns, in its capacity as administrative agent for the Banks under this Agreement.
Agent's Fee shall have the meaning assigned to that term in Section 9.15.
Agent's Letter shall have the meaning assigned to that term in Section 9.15.
Agreement shall mean this Credit Agreement, as the same may be supplemented or amended from time to time, including all schedules and exhibits.
Applicable Facility Fee Rate shall mean the percentage rate per annum corresponding to the indicated level of Insurer Financial Strength Rating in the pricing grid on Schedule 1.01(A) below the heading "Facility Fee." The Applicable Facility Fee Rate shall be computed in accordance with the parameters set forth on Schedule 1.01(A).
Applicable Margin shall mean, as applicable:
(A) the percentage spread to be added to Base Rate under the Revolving Credit Base Rate Option corresponding to the indicated level of Insurer Financial Strength Rating in the pricing grid on Schedule 1.01(A) below the heading "Revolving Credit Base Rate Spread," or
(B) the percentage spread to be added to Euro-Rate under the Revolving Credit Euro-Rate Option corresponding to the indicated level of Insurer Financial Strength Rating in the pricing grid on Schedule 1.01(A) below the heading "Revolving Credit Euro-Rate Spread."
The Applicable Margin shall be computed in accordance with the parameters set forth on Schedule 1.01(A).
Applicable Usage Premium shall mean the percentage rate per annum corresponding to the indicated level of Insurer Financial Strength Rating in the pricing grid on Schedule 1.01(A) below the heading "Usage Premium." The Applicable Usage Premium shall be computed in accordance with the parameters set forth on Schedule 1.01(A).
Assignee Bank shall have the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.09(b).
Assignment and Assumption Agreement shall mean an Assignment and Assumption Agreement by and among a Purchasing Bank, a Transferor Bank and the Agent, as Agent and on behalf of the remaining Banks, substantially in the form of Exhibit 1.01(A).
Authorized Officer shall mean those individuals, designated by written notice to the Agent from the Borrower, authorized to execute notices, reports and other documents on behalf of the Borrower required hereunder. The Borrower may amend such list of individuals from time to time by giving written notice of such amendment to the Agent.
Bank to be Terminated shall have the meaning assigned to such term in
Section 2.09(b).
Banks shall mean the financial institutions named on Schedule 1.01(B) and their respective successors and assigns as permitted hereunder, each of which is referred to herein as a Bank.
Base Rate shall mean the greater of (i) the interest rate per annum announced from time to time by the Agent at its Principal Office as its then prime rate, which rate may not be the lowest rate then being charged commercial borrowers by the Agent, or (ii) the Federal Funds Effective Rate plus 0.5% per annum.
Base Rate Option shall mean the Revolving Credit Base Rate Option.
-2-
Benefit Arrangement shall mean at any time an "employee benefit plan," within the meaning of Section 3(3) of ERISA, which is neither a Plan nor a Multiemployer Plan and which is maintained, sponsored or otherwise contributed to by any member of the ERISA Group.
Bid shall have the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.08(b).
Bid Deadline shall have the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.08(b).
Bid Loan Borrowing Date shall mean, with respect to any Bid Loan, the date for the making thereof which shall be a Business Day.
Bid Loan Euro-Rate Rate Option shall mean the option of the Borrower to request that the Banks submit Bids to make Bid Loans bearing interest at a rate per annum quoted by such Banks at the Euro-Rate in effect two Business Days before the Borrowing Date of such Bid Loan plus a Euro-Rate Bid Loan Spread.
Bid Loan Fixed Rate Option shall mean the option of the Borrower to request that the Banks submit Bids to make Bid Loans bearing interest at a fixed rate per annum quoted by such Banks as a numerical percentage (and not as a spread over another rate such as the Euro-Rate).
Bid Loan Interest Period shall have the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.08(a).
Bid Loan Request shall have the meaning assigned to such term in
Section 2.08(a).
Bid Loans shall mean collectively all of the Bid Loans and Bid Loan shall mean separately any Bid Loan, made by any of the Banks to the Borrower pursuant to Section 2.08.
Bid Notes shall mean collectively all of the Bid Notes and Bid Note shall mean separately any Bid Note, of the Borrower in the form of Exhibit 1.01(B) evidencing the Bid Loans together with all amendments, extensions, renewals, replacements, refinancings or refunds thereof in whole or in part.
Borrower shall mean ACE Guaranty Re Inc., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Maryland.
Borrowing Date shall mean, with respect to any Loan, the date for the making thereof or the renewal or conversion thereof at or to the same or a different Interest Rate Option, which shall be a Business Day.
Borrowing Tranche shall mean specified portions of Loans outstanding as follows: (i) any Loans to which a Euro-Rate Option or a Bid Loan Fixed Rate Option applies which become subject to the same Interest Rate Option under the same Loan Request by the Borrower and which have the same Interest Period shall constitute one Borrowing Tranche, and (ii) all Loans to which a Base Rate Option applies shall constitute one Borrowing Tranche.
Business Day shall mean any day other than a Saturday or Sunday or a legal holiday on which commercial banks are authorized or required to be closed for business in New York, New York and, if the applicable Business Day relates to any Loan to which the Euro-Rate Option applies, such day must also be a day on which dealings are carried on in the London interbank market and, with respect to
-3-
any payments due under the Guaranty given by ACE Limited, such day must also be a day which is not a national holiday in Bermuda.
Closing Date shall mean May 30, 2002.
Committed Loan Interest Period shall mean the period of time selected by the Borrower in connection with (and to apply to) any election permitted hereunder by the Borrower to have Revolving Credit Loans bear interest under the Euro-Rate Option. Subject to the last sentence of this definition, such period shall be one, two, three or six Months. Such Interest Period shall commence on the effective date of borrowing of any Loan bearing interest at a rate determined with reference to such Interest Rate Option, which shall be (i) the Borrowing Date if the Borrower is requesting new Loans, or (ii) the date of renewal of or conversion to the Euro-Rate Option if the Borrower is renewing or converting to the Euro-Rate Option applicable to outstanding Loans. Notwithstanding the second sentence hereof: (A) any Interest Period which would otherwise end on a date which is not a Business Day shall be extended to the next succeeding Business Day unless such Business Day falls in the next calendar month, in which case such Interest Period shall end on the directly preceding Business Day, and (B) the Borrower shall not select, convert to or renew an Interest Period for any portion of the Loans that would end after the Expiration Date.
Commitment shall mean as to any Bank its Revolving Credit Commitment, and Commitments shall mean the aggregate of the Revolving Credit Commitments of all of the Banks.
Committed Loan shall mean a Revolving Credit Loan.
Committed Loan Euro-Rate Option shall mean a Revolving Credit Loan Euro-Rate Option.
Committed Loan Request shall mean a request for a Revolving Credit Loan or a request to select, convert to or renew a Base Rate Option or Euro-Rate Option with respect to an outstanding Revolving Credit Loan in accordance with
Section 2.05, Section 3.01 and Section 3.02.
Compliance Certificate shall have the meaning assigned to such term in
Section 7.03(c).
Consideration shall mean a greater than de minimus monetary return for the sale or provision of a service or product or for the undertaking of an obligation or liability, except that with respect to a Permitted Acquisition, Consideration shall mean the aggregate of (i) the cash paid by any of the Borrower or any Material Subsidiary, directly or indirectly, to the seller in connection with such Permitted Acquisition, (ii) the Indebtedness incurred or assumed by Borrower or any of the Material Subsidiaries with respect to such Permitted Acquisition, whether in favor of the seller or otherwise and whether fixed or contingent, (iii) any Guaranty given or incurred by Borrower or any Material Subsidiary in connection therewith, and (iv) any other consideration given or obligation incurred by Borrower or any of the Material Subsidiaries in connection with such Permitted Acquisition.
Consolidated Debt shall mean, at any time, an amount equal to the sum (without duplication) of the then outstanding Indebtedness of Borrower and of each Subsidiary of Borrower (excluding, however, the amount of all Insurance-Related Guaranties and excluding all Soft Capital), determined and consolidated in accordance with GAAP.
-4-
Credit Derivative Guaranties shall have the meaning assigned to such term in Section 7.02(c).
Dollar, Dollars, U.S. Dollars and the symbol $ shall mean lawful money of the United States of America.
ERISA shall mean the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as the same may be amended or supplemented from time to time, and any successor statute of similar import, and the rules and regulations thereunder, as from time to time in effect.
ERISA Group shall mean, at any time, the Borrower and all members of a controlled group of corporations and all trades or businesses (whether or not incorporated) under common control and all other entities which, together with the Borrower, are treated as a single employer under Section 414 of the Internal Revenue Code.
Euro-Rate shall mean, with respect to the Loans comprising any Borrowing Tranche to which the Euro-Rate Option applies for any Interest Period, an interest rate per annum (as determined in accordance herewith, "LIBOR") determined on the basis of the rate for deposits in Dollars for a period comparable to such Interest Period commencing on the first day of such Interest Period appearing on Page 3750 of the Telerate screen as of 11:00 a.m., London time, two Business Days prior to the beginning of such Interest Period. In the event that such rate does not appear on Page 3750 of the Telerate screen (or otherwise on such screen), the Euro-Rate shall be determined be reference to such other publicly available service for displaying eurodollar rates as may be agreed upon by the Agent and the Borrower or, in the absence of such agreement, the Euro-Rate shall be the rate of interest per annum determined by the Agent in accordance with its usual procedures (which determination shall be conclusive absent manifest error) equal to the rate per annum at which Dollar deposits approximately equal in principal amount to such Borrowing Tranche for a period and with a maturity comparable to such Interest Period are offered to the principal London office of Agent in immediately available funds in the London interbank market at approximately 11:00 a.m., London time, two Business Days prior to the commencement of such Interest Period. The Agent shall give prompt notice to the Borrower of the Euro-Rate as determined or adjusted in accordance herewith, which determination shall be conclusive absent manifest error.
Euro-Rate Bid Loan shall mean any Bid Loan that bears interest under the Bid Loan Euro-Rate Option.
Euro-Rate Bid Loan Spread shall mean the spread quoted by a Bank in its Bid to apply to such Bank's Bid Loan if such Bank's Bid is accepted. The Euro-Rate Bid Loan Spread shall be quoted as a percentage rate per annum and expressed in multiples of 1/1000th of one percentage point to be either added to (if it is positive) or subtracted from (if it is negative) the Euro-Rate in effect two (2) Business Days before the Borrowing Date with respect to such Bid Loan. Interest on Euro-Rate Bid Loans shall be computed based on a year of 360 days for the actual days elapsed.
Euro-Rate Interest Period shall mean the Interest Period applicable to a Euro-Rate Bid Loan or a Revolving Credit Loan that is subject to the Revolving Credit Euro-Rate Option.
Euro-Rate Option shall mean either the Revolving Credit Euro-Rate Option or the Bid Loan Euro-Rate Option.
-5-
Euro-Rate Reserve Percentage shall mean as of any day and with respect to any Bank or the Agent the maximum percentage in effect on such day for such Bank or the Agent, as prescribed by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (or any successor) for determining the reserve requirements as it affects such Bank or the Agent (including supplemental, marginal and emergency reserve requirements) with respect to eurocurrency funding (currently referred to as "Eurocurrency Liabilities").
Event of Default shall mean any of the events described in Section 8.01 and referred to therein as an "Event of Default."
Existing Reinsurance Coverage shall have the meaning assigned to such term in Section 5.01(h)(C).
Expiration Date shall mean, with respect to the Revolving Credit Commitments, May 28, 2003.
Extending Bank shall have the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.09(b).
Facility Fee shall have the meaning assigned to that term in Section 2.03.
Federal Funds Effective Rate for any day shall mean the rate per annum (based on a year of 360 days and actual days elapsed and rounded upward to the nearest 1/100 of 1%) announced by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (or any successor) on such day as being the weighted average of the rates on overnight federal funds transactions arranged by federal funds brokers on the previous trading day, as computed and announced by such Federal Reserve Bank (or any successor) in substantially the same manner as such Federal Reserve Bank computes and announces the weighted average it refers to as the "Federal Funds Effective Rate" as of the date of this Agreement; provided, if such Federal Reserve Bank (or its successor) does not announce such rate on any day, the "Federal Funds Effective Rate" for such day shall be the Federal Funds Effective Rate for the last day on which such rate was announced.
Fixed Rate shall mean a fixed interest rate quoted by a Bank in its Bid to apply to such Bank's Bid Loan over the term of such Bid Loan if such Bank's Bid is accepted.
Fixed Rate Bid Loan shall mean a Bid Loan that bears interest under the Bid Loan Fixed Rate Option.
GAAP shall mean generally accepted accounting principles as in effect from time to time in the United States, subject to the provisions of Section 1.03, applied on a consistent basis both as to classification of items and amounts.
Guarantor shall mean ACE and each Material Subsidiary which hereafter joins this Agreement as a Guarantor after the date hereof pursuant to Section 10.18.
Guarantor Joinder shall mean a joinder by a Person as a Guarantor under this Agreement, the Guaranty Agreement and the other Loan Documents in the form of Exhibit 1.01(G)(1).
Guaranty of any Person shall mean any obligation of such Person guarantying or in effect guarantying any liability or obligation of any other Person in any manner, whether directly or indirectly, including any agreement to indemnify or hold harmless any other Person (other than as an
-6-
incidental part of another transaction), any performance bond or other suretyship arrangement and any other form of assurance against loss, except endorsement of negotiable or other instruments for deposit or collection in the ordinary course of business.
Guaranty Agreement shall mean one or more Guaranty Agreements in substantially the form of Exhibit 1.01(G)(2)-1 or Exhibit 1.01(G)(2) -2 executed and delivered by each of the Guarantors to the Agent for the benefit of the Banks.
Historical Statements shall have the meaning assigned to that term in
Section 5.01(h)(A).
Indebtedness shall mean, as to any Person at any time, any and all indebtedness, obligations or liabilities (whether matured or unmatured, liquidated or unliquidated, direct or indirect, absolute or contingent, or joint or several) of such Person for or in respect of: (i) borrowed money, (ii) amounts raised under or liabilities in respect of any note purchase or acceptance credit facility, (iii) reimbursement obligations (contingent or otherwise) under any letter of credit, currency swap agreement, interest rate swap, cap, collar or floor agreement or other interest rate management device,
(iv) any other transaction (including forward sale or purchase agreements, capitalized leases and conditional sales agreements) having the commercial effect of a borrowing of money entered into by such Person to finance its operations or capital requirements (but not including trade payables and accrued expenses incurred in the ordinary course of business which are not represented by a promissory note or other evidence of indebtedness and which are not more than ninety (90) days past due), or (v) any Guaranty of Indebtedness. For the avoidance of doubt, Indebtedness does not include the mere commitment (whether or not set forth in a credit agreement or otherwise), in favor of a Person, to advance funds or provide other financial accommodations to the extent that no such funds or financial accommodations are advanced or provided.
Ineligible Security shall mean any security which may not be underwritten or dealt in by member banks of the Federal Reserve System under
Section 16 of the Banking Act of 1933 (12 U.S.C. Section 24, Seventh), as amended.
Insolvency Proceeding shall mean, with respect to any Person, (a) a case, action or proceeding with respect to such Person (i) before any court or any other Official Body under any bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar Law now or hereafter in effect, or (ii) for the appointment of a receiver, liquidator, assignee, custodian, trustee, sequestrator, conservator (or similar official) of Borrower or any Material Subsidiary or otherwise relating to the liquidation, dissolution, winding-up or relief of such Person, or (b) any general assignment for the benefit of creditors, composition, marshaling of assets for creditors, or other similar arrangement in respect of such Person's creditors generally or any substantial portion of its creditors, undertaken under any Law.
Insurance-Related Guaranties shall have the meaning assigned to that term in Section 7.02(c).
Insurer Financial Strength Rating shall mean the insurer financial strength rating of the Borrower as determined by each of Standard & Poor's and Moody's.
Interest Period shall mean either a Committed Loan Interest Period or a Bid Loan Interest Period.
-7-
Interest Rate Hedge shall mean an interest rate exchange, collar, cap, swap, adjustable strike cap, adjustable strike corridor, or similar agreements entered into by the Borrower or any Material Subsidiary in order to provide protection to, or minimize the impact upon, the Borrower or any Material Subsidiary of increasing floating rates of interest applicable to Indebtedness.
Interest Rate Option shall mean any Committed Loan Euro-Rate Option, Bid Loan Euro-Rate Option, Bid Loan Fixed Rate Option, or Base Rate Option.
Internal Revenue Code shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as the same may be amended or supplemented from time to time, and any successor statute of similar import, and the rules and regulations thereunder, as from time to time in effect.
Law shall mean any law (including common law), constitution, statute, treaty, regulation, rule, ordinance, opinion, release, ruling, order, injunction, writ, decree, bond, judgment, authorization, or approval, lien or award of or settlement agreement with any Official Body.
Lien shall mean any mortgage, deed of trust, pledge, lien, security interest, charge, or other encumbrance or security arrangement of any nature whatsoever, whether voluntarily or involuntarily given, including any conditional sale or title retention arrangement, and any assignment, deposit arrangement, or lease intended as, or having the effect of, security and any filed financing statement or other notice of any of the foregoing (whether or not a lien or other encumbrance is created or exists at the time of the filing).
Loan Documents shall mean this Agreement, the Agent's Letter, the Guaranty Agreement, and any other instruments, certificates, or documents delivered or contemplated to be delivered hereunder or thereunder or in connection herewith or therewith, as the same may be supplemented or amended from time to time in accordance herewith or therewith, and Loan Document shall mean any of the Loan Documents.
Loan Request shall mean either a Bid Loan Request or a Committed Loan Request.
Loans shall mean collectively all Revolving Credit Loans and Bid Loans and Loan shall mean separately any Revolving Credit Loan or Bid Loan.
Material Adverse Change shall mean any set of circumstances or events which (a) has or could reasonably be expected to have any material adverse effect whatsoever upon the validity or enforceability of this Agreement or any other Loan Document, (b) is or could reasonably be expected to be material and adverse to the business, properties, assets, financial condition, results of operations or prospects of the Borrower and the Material Subsidiaries taken as a whole, (c) impairs materially or could reasonably be expected to impair materially the ability of the Borrower and the Material Subsidiaries taken as a whole to duly and punctually pay or perform its obligations under the Loan Documents, or (d) impairs materially or could reasonably be expected to impair materially the ability of the Agent or any of the Banks, to the extent permitted, to enforce their legal remedies pursuant to this Agreement or any other Loan Document.
Material Subsidiary shall mean (i) any Subsidiary of Borrower which has at any time, or which will have after giving effect to any contemplated transaction, acquisition, loan or investment, a net worth equal to or greater than an amount which is the greater of five percent (5%) of the consolidated tangible net worth of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries or $25,000,000, (ii) any Subsidiary of Borrower
-8-
as to which Borrower requests in writing that it be a Material Subsidiary, and
(iii) any Subsidiary or Subsidiaries of Borrower which own(s) in the aggregate 30% or more of any Material Subsidiary; and Material Subsidiaries shall mean all such Subsidiaries.
Month, with respect to an Interest Period under the Euro-Rate Option, shall mean the interval between the days in consecutive calendar months numerically corresponding to the first day of such Interest Period. If any Euro-Rate Interest Period begins on a day of a calendar month for which there is no numerically corresponding day in the month in which such Interest Period is to end, the final month of such Interest Period shall be deemed to end on the last Business Day of such final month.
Moody's shall mean Moody's Investors Service, Inc. and its successors.
Multiemployer Plan shall mean any employee benefit plan which is a "multiemployer plan" within the meaning of Section 4001(a)(3) of ERISA and to which the Borrower or any member of the ERISA Group is then making or accruing an obligation to make contributions or, within the preceding five Plan years, has made or had an obligation to make such contributions.
Multiple Employer Plan shall mean a Plan which has two or more contributing sponsors (including the Borrower or any member of the ERISA Group) at least two of whom are not under common control, as such a plan is described in Sections 4063 and 4064 of ERISA.
Net Par shall mean the aggregate maximum par amount of insurance and reinsurance coverage under all obligations of insurance or reinsurance (or similar arrangements) provided by a Person minus the aggregate maximum par amount of reinsurance (or similar arrangements including hedging arrangements) coverage in favor of such Person with respect to its insurance or reinsurance obligations.
Notes shall mean the Revolving Credit Notes and Bid Notes.
Notices shall have the meaning assigned to that term in Section 10.06.
Obligation shall mean any obligation or liability of Borrower, any Material Subsidiary, or ACE to the Agent or any of the Banks, howsoever created, arising or evidenced, whether direct or indirect, absolute or contingent, now or hereafter existing, or due or to become due, under or in connection with this Agreement, any Notes, the Agent's Letter or any other Loan Document.
Off-Balance Sheet Transactions shall have the meaning assigned to that term in Section 7.03(c).
Offered Amount shall have the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.08(b).
Official Body shall mean any national, federal, state, local, or other government or political subdivision or any agency, authority, board, bureau, central bank, commission, department, or instrumentality of either, or any court, tribunal, grand jury, or arbitrator, in each case whether foreign or domestic.
PBGC shall mean the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation established pursuant to Subtitle A of Title IV of ERISA or any successor.
Permitted Acquisitions shall have the meaning assigned to such term in
Section 7.02(f).
-9-
Permitted Investments shall mean:
(i) direct obligations of the United States of America or any agency or instrumentality thereof or obligations backed by the full faith and credit of the United States of America maturing in twelve (12) months or less from the date of acquisition;
(ii) commercial paper maturing in 180 days or less rated not lower than A-1, by Standard & Poor's or P-1 by Moody's on the date of acquisition;
(iii) demand deposits, time deposits or certificates of deposit maturing within one year in commercial banks whose obligations are rated A-1, A or the equivalent or better by Standard & Poor's on the date of acquisition; and
(iv) investments of the types specified in Section 1402(b) and 1404(a)(1), (2), (3), (8), and (10) of the New York Insurance Law.
Permitted Liens shall mean:
(i) Liens for taxes, assessments, or similar charges, incurred in the ordinary course of business and which are not yet due and payable;
(ii) Pledges or deposits made in the ordinary course of business of the Borrower or any Material Subsidiary to secure payment of workmen's compensation, or to participate in any fund in connection with workmen's compensation, unemployment insurance, old-age pensions or other social security programs with respect to such Person's officers or employees;
(iii) Liens of mechanics, materialmen, warehousemen, carriers, or other like Liens, securing obligations incurred in the ordinary course of business that are not yet due and payable and Liens of landlords securing obligations to pay lease payments that are not yet due and payable or in default;
(iv) Good-faith pledges or deposits made in the ordinary course of business of the Borrower or any Material Subsidiary to secure statutory or regulatory obligations of the Borrower or any Material Subsidiary;
(v) Encumbrances consisting of zoning restrictions, easements or other restrictions on the use of real property, none of which materially impairs the use of such property or the value thereof, and none of which is violated in any material respect by existing or proposed structures or land use;
(vi) Liens, security interests and mortgages in favor of the Agent for the benefit of the Banks securing the Obligations;
(vii) Liens on property leased by any Borrower or any Material Subsidiary under capital and operating leases;
(viii) Any Lien existing on the date of this Agreement securing payment of non-recourse Indebtedness and described on Schedule 1.01(P), provided that the principal amount secured thereby is not hereafter increased;
-10-
(ix) Purchase Money Security Interests;
(x) Liens on assets received by Borrower from a third Person and held in trust by Borrower in respect of liabilities assumed by Borrower in the course of the reinsurance business of Borrower;
(xi) Liens securing Credit Derivative Guaranties, subject, however, to the terms of Section 7.02(p); and
(xii) The following, (A) if the validity or amount thereof is being contested in good faith by appropriate and lawful proceedings diligently conducted so long as levy and execution thereon have been stayed and continue to be stayed or (B) if a final judgment is entered and such judgment is discharged within thirty (30) days of entry, and they do not in the aggregate materially impair the ability of the Borrower or any Material Subsidiary to perform its Obligations hereunder or under the other Loan Documents:
(1) Claims or Liens for taxes, assessments or charges due and payable and subject to interest or penalty, provided that the Borrower or applicable Material Subsidiary maintains such reserves or other appropriate provisions as shall be required by GAAP and pays all such taxes, assessments or charges forthwith upon the commencement of proceedings to foreclose any such Lien;
(2) Claims, Liens, or encumbrances upon, and defects of title to, real or personal property, including any attachment of personal or real property or other legal process prior to adjudication of a dispute on the merits;
(3) Claims or Liens of mechanics, materialmen, warehousemen, carriers, or other statutory nonconsensual Liens; or
(4) Liens resulting from final judgments or orders described in Section 8.01(f).
Person shall mean any individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization, joint venture, government or political subdivision or agency thereof, or any other entity.
Plan shall mean at any time an employee pension benefit plan (including a Multiple Employer Plan, but not a Multiemployer Plan) which is covered by Title IV of ERISA or is subject to the minimum funding standards under Section 412 of the Internal Revenue Code and either (i) is maintained by any member of the ERISA Group for employees of any member of the ERISA Group or
(ii) has at any time within the preceding five years been maintained by any entity which was at such time a member of the ERISA Group for employees of any entity which was at such time a member of the ERISA Group.
Potential Default shall mean any event or condition which with notice, passage of time or a determination by the Agent or the Required Banks, or any combination of the foregoing, would constitute an Event of Default.
Principal Office shall mean the main banking office of the Agent in New York, New York.
-11-
Prohibited Transaction shall mean any prohibited transaction as defined in Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code or Section 406 of ERISA for which neither an individual nor a class exemption has been issued by the United States Department of Labor.
Property shall mean all real property, both owned and leased, of the Borrower or any Material Subsidiary.
Purchase Money Security Interest shall mean Liens upon tangible personal property securing loans to the Borrower or any Material Subsidiary, or deferred payments by such Person, in either case for the purchase of such tangible personal property.
Purchasing Bank shall mean a Bank which becomes a party to this Agreement by executing an Assignment and Assumption Agreement.
Ratable Share shall mean the proportion that a Bank's Commitment bears to the Commitments.
Regulation U shall mean any of Regulations T, U, or X as promulgated by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, as amended from time to time.
Reportable Event shall mean a reportable event described in Section 4043 of ERISA and regulations thereunder with respect to a Plan or Multiemployer Plan.
Requested Amount shall have the meaning assigned to such term in
Section 2.08(a).
Required Banks shall mean
(A) if there are no Loans, Required Banks shall mean Banks whose Commitments aggregate greater than 50% of the Commitments of all of the Banks, or
(B) if there are Loans, Required Banks shall mean:
(i) prior to a termination of the Commitments hereunder pursuant to Section 8.02(a) or Section 8.02(b), any Bank or group of Banks if the sum of the principal amount of the Committed Loans of such Banks then outstanding aggregates greater than 50% of the total principal amount of all of the Committed Loans then outstanding.
(ii) after a termination of the Commitments hereunder pursuant to
Section 8.02(a) or Section 8.02(b), any Bank or group of Banks if the sum of the principal amount of the Loans of such Banks then outstanding aggregates greater than 50% of the total principal amount of all of the Loans then outstanding.
Revolving Credit Base Rate Option shall mean the option of the Borrower to have Revolving Credit Loans bear interest at the rate and under the terms and conditions set forth in Section 3.01(a)(i).
Revolving Credit Commitment shall mean, as to any Bank at any time, the amount initially set forth opposite its name on Schedule 1.01(B) in the column labeled "Amount of Commitment for Revolving Credit Loans," and thereafter on Schedule I to the most recent Assignment and
-12-
Assumption Agreement, and Revolving Credit Commitments shall mean the aggregate Revolving Credit Commitments of all of the Banks.
Revolving Credit Euro-Rate Option shall mean the option of the Borrower to have Revolving Credit Loans bear interest at the rate and under the terms and conditions set forth in Section 3.01(a)(ii).
Revolving Credit Loans shall mean collectively all Revolving Credit Loans made by the Banks to the Borrower and Revolving Credit Loan shall mean separately any Revolving Credit Loan, made by one of the Banks to the Borrower, pursuant to Section 2.01. A Bid Loan is not a Revolving Credit Loan, except that it will be treated as a Revolving Credit Loan following a termination of the Commitments hereunder pursuant to Section 8.02(a) or Section 8.02(b) as provided in Section 8.03.
Revolving Credit Note shall mean any Revolving Credit Note of the Borrower in the form of Exhibit 1.01(R) issued by the Borrower to a Bank evidencing the Revolving Credit Loans of such Bank, together with all amendments, extensions, renewals, replacements, refinancings or refundings thereof in whole or in part.
Revolving Facility Usage shall mean at any time the sum of the principal amount of the Revolving Credit Loans outstanding and, solely for purposes of Section 2.04, the principal amount of the Bid Loans outstanding.
SEC shall mean the Securities and Exchange Commission or any governmental agencies substituted therefor.
Soft Capital shall have the meaning assigned to that term in Section 7.02(a).
Standard & Poor's shall mean Standard & Poor's Ratings Services, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., and its successors.
Statutory Capital shall mean the aggregate of policyholders' surplus of Borrower and the contingency reserve of Borrower, each determined in a manner consistent with that used in preparing the Historical Statements referred to in
Section 5.01(h)(A) [Historical Statements].
Subsidiary of any Person at any time shall mean (i) any corporation or trust of which 50% or more (by number of shares or number of votes) of the outstanding capital stock or shares of beneficial interest normally entitled to vote for the election of one or more directors or trustees (regardless of any contingency which does or may suspend or dilute the voting rights) is at such time owned directly or indirectly by such Person or one or more of such Person's Subsidiaries, (ii) any partnership of which such Person is a general partner or of which 50% or more of the partnership interests is at the time directly or indirectly owned by such Person or one or more of such Person's Subsidiaries,
(iii) any limited liability company of which such Person is a member or of which 50% or more of the limited liability company interests is at the time directly or indirectly owned by such Person or one or more of such Person's Subsidiaries or (iv) any corporation, trust, partnership, limited liability company or other entity which is controlled or capable of being controlled by such Person or one or more of such Person's Subsidiaries.
-13-
Total Capitalization shall mean, at any time, an amount (without duplication) equal to (i) the then outstanding Consolidated Debt of Borrower and its Subsidiaries, plus (ii) consolidated stockholders equity of Borrower and its Subsidiaries.
Transferor Bank shall mean the selling Bank pursuant to an Assignment and Assumption Agreement.
Section 1.02 Construction. Unless the context of this Agreement otherwise clearly requires, the following rules of construction shall apply to this Agreement and each of the other Loan Documents:
(a) Number; Inclusion. References to the plural include the singular, the plural, the part and the whole; "or" has the inclusive meaning represented by the phrase "and/or," and "including" is not a term of limitation and has the meaning represented by the phrase "including without limitation";
(b) Determination. References to "determination" of or by the Agent or the Banks shall be deemed to include good-faith estimates by the Agent or the Banks (in the case of quantitative determinations) and good-faith beliefs by the Agent or the Banks (in the case of qualitative determinations) and such determination shall be conclusive absent manifest error;
(c) Agent's Discretion and Consent. Whenever the Agent or the Banks are granted the right herein to act in its or their sole discretion or to grant or withhold consent such right shall be exercised in good faith;
(d) Documents Taken as a Whole. The words "hereof," "herein," "hereunder," "hereto" and similar terms in this Agreement or any other Loan Document refer to this Agreement or such other Loan Document as a whole and not to any particular provision of this Agreement or such other Loan Document;
(e) Headings. The section and other headings contained in this Agreement or such other Loan Document and the Table of Contents (if any), preceding this Agreement or such other Loan Document are for reference purposes only and shall not control or affect the construction of this Agreement or such other Loan Document or the interpretation thereof in any respect;
(f) Implied References to this Agreement Article, section, subsection, clause, schedule and exhibit references are to this Agreement or other Loan Document, as the case may be, unless otherwise specified;
(g) Persons. Reference to any Person includes such Person's successors and assigns but, if applicable, only if such successors and assigns are permitted by this Agreement or such other Loan Document, as the case may be, and reference to a Person in a particular capacity excludes such Person in any other capacity;
(h) Modifications to Documents. Reference to any agreement (including this Agreement and any other Loan Document together with the schedules and exhibits hereto or thereto), document or instrument means such agreement, document or instrument as amended, modified, replaced, substituted for, superseded or restated;
(i) From, To and Through. Relative to the determination of any period of time,
-14-
"from" means "from and including," "to" means "to but excluding," and "through" means "through and including"; and
(j) Shall; Will. References to "shall" and "will" are intended to have the same meaning.
Section 1.03 Accounting Principles. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement (as, for example, where reference is made to statutory or regulatory financial matters), all computations and determinations as to accounting or financial matters and all financial statements to be delivered pursuant to this Agreement shall be made and prepared in accordance with GAAP (including principles of consolidation where appropriate), and all accounting or financial terms shall have the meanings ascribed to such terms by GAAP as in effect on the date hereof applied on a basis consistent with that used in preparing the Historical Statements referred to in Section 5.01(h)(A)
[Historical Statements]. In the event of any change after the date hereof in GAAP, and if such change would result in the inability to determine compliance with the financial covenants set forth in Section 7.02 based upon the Borrower's regularly prepared financial statements by reason of the preceding sentence, then the parties hereto agree to endeavor, in good faith, to agree upon an amendment to this Agreement that would adjust such financial covenants in a manner that would not affect the substance thereof, but would allow compliance therewith to be determined in accordance with the Borrower's financial statements at that time.
ARTICLE II - REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY
Section 2.01 Revolving Credit Commitments. Subject to the terms and conditions hereof and relying upon the representations and warranties herein set forth, each Bank severally agrees to make Revolving Credit Loans to the Borrower at any time or from time to time on or after the date hereof to the Expiration Date provided that, after giving effect to each such Loan, the aggregate amount of Loans from such Bank shall not exceed such Bank's Revolving Credit Commitment. Within such limits of time and amount and subject to the other provisions of this Agreement, the Borrower may borrow, repay, and reborrow pursuant to this Section 2.01.
Section 2.02 Nature of Banks' Obligations with Respect to Revolving Credit Loans. Each Bank shall be obligated to participate in each request for Revolving Credit Loans pursuant to Section 2.05 [Revolving Credit Loan Requests] in accordance with its Ratable Share. The aggregate principal amount of each Bank's Revolving Credit Loans outstanding hereunder to the Borrower at any time shall never exceed its Revolving Credit Commitment. The obligations of each Bank hereunder are several and not joint. The failure of any Bank to perform its obligations hereunder shall not affect the Obligations of the Borrower to any other party nor shall any other party be liable for the failure of such Bank to perform its obligations hereunder. The Banks shall have no obligation to make Revolving Credit Loans hereunder on or after the Expiration Date.
Section 2.03 Facility Fees. Accruing from the date hereof until the Expiration Date, the Borrower agrees to pay to the Agent for the account of each Bank, as consideration for such Bank's Revolving Credit Commitment hereunder, a nonrefundable facility fee (the "Facility Fee") equal to the Applicable Facility Fee Rate (computed on the basis of a year of 360 days for the actual days elapsed) on the average daily amount of such Bank's Revolving Credit Commitment as the same may be constituted from time to time, regardless of usage. All Facility Fees shall be payable in arrears on the first Business Day of each June, September, December, and March after the date hereof and on the Expiration Date or upon acceleration of the Loans.
-15-
Section 2.04 Utilization Fee. On each day on which the Revolving Facility Usage exceeds 33.3% of the amount of the Commitments, the Applicable Margin shall be increased for such day by the Applicable Usage Premium.
Section 2.05 Revolving Credit Loan Requests. Except as otherwise provided herein, the Borrower may from time to time prior to the Expiration Date request the Banks to make Revolving Credit Loans, or renew or convert the Interest Rate Option applicable to existing Revolving Credit Loans pursuant to
Section 3.01(c)[Interest Periods], by delivering to the Agent, not later than 10:00 a.m., New York time, (i) three (3) Business Days prior to the proposed Borrowing Date with respect to the making of Revolving Credit Loans to which the Euro-Rate Option applies, or with respect to the conversion to or the renewal of the Euro-Rate Option for any Loans; and (ii) one (1) Business Day prior to either the proposed Borrowing Date with respect to the making of a Revolving Credit Loan to which the Base Rate Option applies or the last day of the preceding Committed Loan Interest Period with respect to the conversion to the Base Rate Option for any Loan, of a duly completed Committed Loan Request therefor substantially in the form of Exhibit 2.05 or a Committed Loan Request by telephone immediately confirmed in writing by letter, facsimile, email, or telex in the form of such Exhibit. Each Loan Request shall be irrevocable and shall specify (i) the proposed Borrowing Date; (ii) the aggregate amount of the proposed Loans comprising each Borrowing Tranche, which shall be in integral multiples of $1,000,000 and not less than $5,000,000 for each Borrowing Tranche to which the Euro-Rate Option applies and not less than the lesser of $500,000 or the maximum amount available for Borrowing Tranches to which the Base Rate Option applies; (iii) whether Committed Loan Euro-Rate Option or Base Rate Option shall apply to the proposed Loans comprising the applicable Borrowing Tranche; and (iv) in the case of a Borrowing Tranche to which the Committed Loan Euro-Rate Option applies, an appropriate Committed Loan Interest Period for the Loans comprising such Borrowing Tranche.
Section 2.06 Making Revolving Credit Loans. The Agent shall, promptly after receipt by it of a Loan Request pursuant to Section 2.05 [Revolving Credit Loan Requests], notify the Banks of its receipt of such Loan Request specifying:
(i) the proposed Borrowing Date and the time and method of disbursement of the Revolving Credit Loans requested thereby; (ii) the amount and type of each such Revolving Credit Loan and the applicable Interest Period (if any); and (iii) the apportionment among the Banks of such Revolving Credit Loans as determined by the Agent in accordance with Section 2.02 [Nature of Banks' Obligations]. Each Bank shall remit the principal amount of each Revolving Credit Loan to the Agent such that the Agent is able to, and the Agent shall, to the extent the Banks have made funds available to it for such purpose and subject to Section 6.02
[Each Additional Loan], fund such Revolving Credit Loans to the Borrower in U.S. Dollars and immediately available funds at the Principal Office prior to 2:00
p.m., New York time, on the applicable Borrowing Date, provided that if any Bank fails to remit such funds to the Agent in a timely manner, the Agent may elect in its sole discretion to fund with its own funds the Revolving Credit Loans of such Bank on such Borrowing Date, and such Bank shall be subject to the repayment obligation in Section 9.16 [Availability of Funds].
Section 2.07 Use of Proceeds. The proceeds of the Revolving Credit Loans shall be used for the working capital and other general corporate purposes of Borrower and in accordance with Section 7.01(j) [Use of Proceeds].
Section 2.08 Bid Loan Facility.
(a) Bid Loan Requests. Except as otherwise provided herein, the Borrower may from time to time prior to the Expiration Date request that the Banks make Bid Loans by delivery to the Agent not later than 10:00 a.m. New York time of a duly completed request therefor substantially in the
-16-
form of Exhibit 2.08(a) hereto or a request by telephone immediately confirmed in writing by letter, facsimile, email, or telex (each, a "Bid Loan Request") at least three (3) Business Days prior to the proposed Bid Loan Borrowing Date if Borrower is requesting Fixed Rate Bid Loans and four (4) Business Days prior to the proposed Bid Loan Borrowing Date if Borrower is requesting Euro-Rate Bid Loans of one, two, three, or six months' duration. Each Bid Loan Request shall be irrevocable and shall specify (i) the proposed Bid Loan Borrowing Date, (ii) whether Borrower is electing the Bid Loan Fixed Rate Option or the Bid Loan Euro-Rate Option, (iii) the term of the proposed Bid Loan (the "Bid Loan Interest Period"), which may be no less than seven (7) day(s) and no longer than one hundred eighty (180) days if Borrower is requesting a Fixed Rate Bid Loan and one, two, three, or six months if Borrower is requesting a Euro-Rate Bid Loan, and (iv) the maximum principal amount (the "Requested Amount") of such Bid Loan, which shall be not less than $10,000,000 and shall be an integral multiple of $1,000,000. After giving effect to such Bid Loan and any other Loan made on or before the Bid Loan Borrowing Date, the aggregate amount of all Revolving Credit Loans and Bid Loans outstanding shall not exceed the aggregate amount of the Revolving Credit Commitments of the Banks. Notwithstanding any provision hereof to the contrary, no Bid Loan may be requested for a period that would end beyond the Expiration Date.
(b) Bidding. The Agent shall promptly after receipt by it of a Bid Loan Request pursuant to Section 2.08(a) notify the Banks of its receipt of such Bid Loan Request specifying (i) the proposed Bid Loan Borrowing Date, (ii) whether the proposed Bid Loan shall be a Fixed Rate Bid Loan or a Euro-Rate Bid Loan, (iii) the Bid Loan Interest Period and (iv) the principal amount of the proposed Bid Loan. Each Bank may submit a bid (a "Bid") to the Agent by telephone (immediately confirmed in writing by letter, facsimile, email, or telex) not later than the following (each, as applicable, a "Bid Deadline"):
10:00 A.M. New York time two (2) Business Day before the proposed Bid Loan Borrowing Date if Borrower is requesting a Fixed Rate Bid Loan or 10:00 A.M. New York time three (3) Business Days before the proposed Bid Loan Borrowing Date if Borrower is requesting a Euro-Rate Bid Loan of one, two, three, or six months' duration. Each Bid shall specify: (A) the principal amount of proposed Bid Loans offered by such Bank (the "Offered Amount") which (i) may be less than, but shall not exceed, the Requested Amount, (ii) shall be at least $2,000,000 and shall be an integral multiple of $1,000,000 and (iii) may exceed such Bank's Revolving Credit Commitment; and (B) the Fixed Rate which shall apply to such proposed Bid Loan if Borrower has requested a Fixed Rate Bid Loan or the Euro-Rate Bid Loan Spread which shall apply to such proposed Bid Loan if Borrower has requested a Euro-Rate Bid Loan and which may be a positive or negative number. If any Bid omits information required hereunder, the Agent may in its sole discretion attempt to notify the Bank submitting such Bid. If the Agent so notifies a Bank, such Bank may resubmit its Bid provided that it does so prior to the applicable Bid Deadline. The Agent shall promptly notify the Borrower of the Bids which it timely received from the Banks. If the Agent in its capacity as a Bank shall, in its sole discretion, make a Bid, it shall notify the Borrower of such Bid at least one-half hour before the applicable Bid Deadline.
(c) Accepting Bids. The Borrower, at its option, shall irrevocably accept or reject Bids by notifying the Agent of such acceptance or rejection by telephone (immediately confirmed in writing by letter, facsimile, email, or telex) not later than one hour after the applicable Bid Deadline. If the Borrower elects to accept any Bids, its acceptance must meet the following conditions: (1) the total amount which Borrower accepts from all Banks must not be less than $10,000,000 and shall be in integral multiples of $1,000,000 and may not exceed the Requested Amount; (2) the Borrower must accept Bids based solely on the amount of the Fixed Rates or Euro-Rate Bid Loan Spreads, as the case may be, which each of the Banks quoted in their Bids in ascending order of the amount of Fixed Rates or Euro-Rate Bid Loan Spreads; (3) the Borrower may not borrow Bid Loans from any Bank on the Bid Loan Borrowing Date in an amount exceeding such Bank's Offered Amount; (4) if two or more Banks
-17-
make Bids at the same Fixed Rate (if Borrower Requested a Fixed Rate Bid Loan)or Euro-Rate Bid Loan Spread (if Borrower Requested a Euro-Rate Bid Loan) and the Borrower desires to accept a portion but not all of the Bids at such Fixed Rate or Euro-Rate Bid Loan Spread, as the case may be, the Borrower shall accept a portion of each Bid equal to the product of the Offered Amount of such Bid times the fraction obtained by dividing the total amount of Bids which Borrower desires to accept at such Fixed Rate or Euro-Rate Bid Loan Spread, as the case may be, by the sum of the Offered Amounts of the Bids at such Fixed Rate or Euro-Rate Bid Loan Spread, provided that the Borrower shall round the Bid Loans allocated to each such Bank upward or downward as the Borrower may select to integral multiples of $1,000,000. The Agent shall (i) promptly notify a Bank that has made a Bid of the amount of its Bid that was accepted or rejected by the Borrower and (ii) as promptly as practical notify all of the Banks of all Bids submitted and those which have been accepted.
(d) Funding Bid Loans. Each Bank whose Bid or portion thereof is accepted shall remit the principal amount of its Bid Loan to the Agent by 12:00 Noon on the Bid Loan Borrowing Date. The Agent shall make such funds available to the Borrower on or before 1:00 P.M. on the Borrowing Date provided that the conditions precedent to the making of such Bid Loan set forth in Section 6.02 have been satisfied not later than 10:00 A.M. New York time on the proposed Bid Loan Borrowing Date. If such conditions precedent have not been satisfied prior to such time, then (i) the Agent shall not make such funds available to the Borrower, (ii) the Bid Loan Request shall be deemed to be canceled, (iii) the Agent shall return the amount previously funded to the Agent by each applicable Bank no later than the next following Business Day, and (iv) Borrower shall be obligated to each such Bank for any loss, costs, and expenses applicable pursuant to Section 4.06(b)[Indemnity]. The Borrower shall immediately notify the Agent of any failure to satisfy the conditions precedent to the making of Bid Loans under Section 6.02. The Agent may assume that Borrower has satisfied such conditions precedent if the Borrower (i) has delivered to the Agent any documents required to be delivered under Section 6.02, (ii) the Borrower has not notified the Agent that any other conditions precedent have not been satisfied, and (iii) the Agent has no actual notice of such a failure.
(e) Several Obligations. The obligations of the Banks to make Bid Loans after their Bids have been accepted are several. No Bank shall be responsible for the failure of any other Bank to make any Bid Loan which another Bank has agreed to make.
(f) Bid Notes. The obligation of the Borrower to repay the aggregate unpaid principal amount of the Bid Loans made to it by each Bank, together with interest thereon, shall be evidenced by a Bid Note dated as of the Closing date payable to the order of such Bank in a face amount equal to the aggregate Revolving Credit Commitments of all of the Banks.
Section 2.09 Extension by Banks of the Expiration Date.
(a) Requests; Approval by All Banks. No earlier than sixty (60) days prior to the Expiration Date, the Borrower may request an extension of the Expiration Date for another 364 days by written notice to the Banks, and the Banks agree to respond to the Borrower's request for an extension no earlier than thirty (30) and no later than twenty (20) days prior to the then applicable Expiration Date; provided, however, that the failure of any Bank to respond within such time period shall not in any manner constitute an agreement by such Bank to extend the Expiration Date. If all Banks elect to extend, the Expiration Date shall be extended for a period of one year. If one or more Banks decline to extend or do not respond to Borrower's request, the provisions of Section 2.09(b) shall apply.
(b) Approval by Required Banks. In the event that one or more Banks do not agree
-18-
to extend the Expiration Date or do not respond to Borrower's request for an extension within the time required under Section 2.09(a) (each a "Bank to be Terminated"), but the Required Banks agree to such extension within such time:
then, on or before the then applicable Expiration Date, the Borrower may, with the prior written approval of the Agent (which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld), arrange to have one or more other banks reasonably acceptable to Agent (each an "Assignee Bank") purchase all of the outstanding Loans, if any, of the Bank to be Terminated and succeed to and assume all of the Commitments and all other rights, interests, and obligations of the Bank to be Terminated under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents. Any such purchase and assumption shall be (1) pursuant to an Assignment and Assumption Agreement,
(2) subject to and in accordance with Section 10.11 [Successors and Assigns], and (3) if any Committed Loans are outstanding under the Committed Loan Euro-Rate Option or if any Bid Loans are outstanding to such Bank to be Terminated, the Borrower shall pay all such outstanding amounts, together with all interest, fees and all other amounts of any nature owing to the Bank to be Terminated on the effective date of such Assignment and Assumption Agreement (including any amounts owing under Section 4.06(b)[Indemnity]. In the event that the Agent shall become a Bank to be Terminated, the provisions of this Section 2.09 shall be subject to Section 9.14 [Successor Agent]. In the event that the Loans and Commitments of a Bank to be Terminated are not fully assigned and assumed pursuant to this Section 2.09(b) on or before the then applicable Expiration Date, then the Expiration Date shall not be extended for any Bank.
ARTICLE III - INTEREST RATES
Section 3.01 Interest Rate Options. The Borrower shall pay interest in respect of the outstanding unpaid principal amount of the Committed Loans as selected by it from the Base Rate Option or Revolving Credit Euro-Rate Option set forth below applicable to the Committed Loans, it being understood that, subject to the provisions of this Agreement, the Borrower may select different Interest Rate Options and different Interest Periods to apply to different Borrowing Tranches of the Committed Loans and may convert to or renew one or more Interest Rate Options with respect to all or any portion of the Committed Loans comprising any Borrowing Tranche, provided that there shall not be at any one time outstanding more than eight (8) Borrowing Tranches in the aggregate among all of the Committed Loans. If at any time the designated rate applicable to any Committed Loan made by any Bank exceeds such Bank's highest lawful rate, the rate of interest on such Bank's Committed Loan shall be limited to such Bank's highest lawful rate.
(a) Revolving Credit Interest Rate Options. The Borrower shall have the right to select from the following Interest Rate Options applicable to the Revolving Credit Loans:
(i) Revolving Credit Base Rate Option: A fluctuating rate per annum (computed on the basis of a year of 365 or 366 days, as the case may be, for the actual days elapsed) equal to the Base Rate plus the Applicable Margin, such interest rate to change automatically from time to time effective as of the effective date of each change in the Base Rate; or
(ii) Revolving Credit Euro-Rate Option: A rate per annum (computed on the basis of a year of 360 days for the actual days elapsed) equal to the Euro-Rate plus the Applicable Margin.
(b) Rate Quotations. The Borrower may call the Agent on or before the date on which a Committed Loan Request is to be delivered to receive an indication of the rates then in effect, but it is acknowledged that such projection shall not be binding on the Agent or the Banks nor affect the rate of interest which thereafter is actually in effect when the election is otherwise made in accordance
-19-
with the terms of this Agreement.
(c) Change in Fees or Interest Rates. If the Applicable Margin or Applicable Fee Amount is increased or reduced with respect to any period for which the Borrower has already paid interest or Facility Fees, the Agent shall recalculate the additional interest or Facility Fees due from or the amount of the refund of interest or Facility Fees due to the Borrower and shall, within fifteen (15) Business Days after the Agent received the information which gave rise to such increase or decrease, give the Borrower and the Banks notice of such recalculation.
(i) Any additional interest or Facility Fee due from the Borrower shall be paid to the Agent for the account of the Banks on the next date on which an interest or fee payment is due; provided, however, that if there are no Loans outstanding or if the Loans are due and payable, such additional interest or Facility Fee shall be paid promptly after receipt of written request for payment from the Agent.
(ii) Any interest or Facility Fee refund due to the Borrower shall be credited against payments otherwise due from the Borrower on the next interest or fee payment date or, if the Loans have been repaid and the Banks are no longer committed to lend under this Agreement, the Banks shall pay the Agent for the account of the Borrower such interest or Facility Fee refund not later than five Business Days after written notice from the Agent to the Banks.
Section 3.02 Committed Loans Interest Periods. At any time when the Borrower shall select, convert to, or renew a Committed Loan Euro-Rate Option, the Borrower shall notify the Agent thereof at least three (3) Business Days prior to the effective date of such Euro-Rate Option by delivering a Loan Request. The notice shall specify a Committed Loan Interest Period during which such Interest Rate Option shall apply. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, the following provisions shall apply to any selection of, renewal of, or conversion to a Committed Loan Euro-Rate Option:
(a) Amount of Borrowing Tranche. Each Borrowing Tranche of Committed Loan Euro-Rate Loans shall be in integral multiples of $1,000,000 and not less than $5,000,000;
(b) Renewals. In the case of the renewal of a Committed Loan Euro-Rate Option at the end of an Interest Period, the first day of the new Interest Period shall be the last day of the preceding Interest Period, without duplication in payment of interest for such day.
Section 3.03 Interest After Default. To the extent permitted by Law, upon the occurrence of an Event of Default and until such time such Event of Default shall have been cured or waived:
(a) Interest Rate. The rate of interest otherwise applicable for each Loan pursuant to Section 3.01 [Interest Rate Options] shall be increased by 2.0% per annum; and
(b) Other Obligations. Each other Obligation hereunder if not paid when due shall bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the sum of the rate of interest applicable under the Revolving Credit Base Rate Option plus an additional 2.0% per annum from the time such Obligation becomes due and payable and until it is paid in full.
(c) Acknowledgment. The Borrower acknowledges that the increase in rates referred to in this Section 3.03 reflects, among other things, the fact that such Loans or other amounts have
-20-
become a substantially greater risk given their default status and that the Banks are entitled to additional compensation for such risk; and all such interest referred to in this Section 3.03 shall be payable by Borrower upon demand by Agent.
Section 3.04 Euro-Rate Unascertainable; Illegality; Increased Costs; Deposits Not Available.
(a) Unascertainable. If on any date on which a Euro-Rate would otherwise be determined with respect to Committed Loans or Bid Loans, the Agent shall have determined that:
(i) adequate and fair means do not exist for ascertaining such Euro-Rate, or
(ii) a contingency has occurred which materially and adversely affects the London interbank eurodollar market relating to the Euro-Rate, the Agent shall have the rights specified in Section 3.04(c).
(b) Illegality; Increased Costs; Deposits Not Available. If at any time any Bank shall have determined that:
(i) the making, maintenance or funding of any Loan to which a Euro-Rate Option applies has been made unlawful by compliance by such Bank in good faith with any Law or any interpretation or application thereof by any Official Body or with any request or directive of any such Official Body (whether or not having the force of Law), or
(ii) such Euro-Rate Option will not adequately and fairly reflect the cost to such Bank of the establishment or maintenance of any such Loan, or
(iii) after making all reasonable efforts, deposits of the relevant amount in Dollars for the relevant Interest Period for a Loan to which a Euro-Rate Option applies are not available to such Bank with respect to such Loan in the interbank eurodollar market,
then the Agent shall have the rights specified in Section 3.04(c).
(c) Agent's and Bank's Rights. In the case of any event specified in
Section 3.04(a) above, the Agent shall promptly so notify the Banks and the Borrower thereof, and in the case of an event specified in Section 3.04(b) above, such Bank shall promptly so notify the Agent and endorse a certificate to such notice as to the specific circumstances of such notice, and the Agent shall promptly send copies of such notice and certificate to the other Banks and the Borrower. Upon such date as shall be specified in such notice (which shall not be earlier than the date such notice is given), the obligation of (A) the Banks, in the case of such notice given by the Agent, or (B) such Bank, in the case of such notice given by such Bank, to allow the Borrower to select, convert to or renew a Euro-Rate Option shall be suspended until the Agent shall have later notified the Borrower, or such Bank shall have later notified the Agent, of the Agent's or such Bank's, as the case may be, determination that the circumstances giving rise to such previous determination no longer exist. If at any time the Agent makes a determination under Section 3.04(a) and the Borrower has previously notified the Agent of its selection of, conversion to or renewal of a Euro-Rate Option and such Interest Rate Option has not yet gone into effect, such notification shall be deemed to provide for the termination of Borrower's Bid Loan request (without penalty) for such Loans if the Borrower has requested Bid Loans under the Bid Loan Euro-Rate Option and for the selection of, conversion to or renewal of the Base Rate Option otherwise available with
-21-
respect to such Loans if the Borrower has requested the Committed Loan Euro-Rate Option. If any Bank notifies the Agent of a determination under Section 3.04(b), the Borrower shall, subject to the Borrower's indemnification Obligations under
Section 4.06(b) [Indemnity], as to any Loan of the Bank to which a Euro-Rate Option applies, on the date specified in such notice either convert such Loan to the Base Rate Option otherwise available with respect to such Loan or prepay such Loan in accordance with Section 4.04 [Voluntary Prepayments]. Absent due notice from the Borrower of conversion or prepayment, such Loan shall automatically be converted to the Base Rate Option otherwise available with respect to such Loan upon such specified date.
Section 3.05 Selection of Interest Rate Options. If the Borrower fails to select a new Interest Period to apply to any Borrowing Tranche of Committed Loans under the Committed Euro-Rate Option at the expiration of an existing Interest Period applicable to such Borrowing Tranche in accordance with the provisions of Section 3.01(c) [Interest Periods], the Borrower shall be deemed to have converted such Borrowing Tranche to the Revolving Credit Base Rate Option commencing upon the last day of the existing Interest Period.
ARTICLE IV - PAYMENTS
Section 4.01 Payments. All payments and prepayments to be made in respect of principal, interest, Facility Fees, Bid Loan Processing Fees, Agent's Fee, or other fees or amounts due from the Borrower hereunder shall be payable prior to 11:00 a.m., New York time, on the date when due without presentment, demand, protest, or notice of any kind, all of which are hereby expressly waived by the Borrower, and without set-off, counterclaim, or other deduction of any nature, and an action therefor shall immediately accrue. Such payments shall be made to the Agent at the Principal Office for the ratable accounts of the Banks with respect to the Loans and for the account of the lending Bank with respect to the Bid Loans, in U.S. Dollars and in immediately availablefunds, and the Agent shall promptly distribute such amounts to the Banks in immediately available funds, provided that in the event payments are received by 11:00 a.m., New York time, by the Agent with respect to the Loans and such payments are not distributed to the Banks on the same day received by the Agent, the Agent shall pay the Banks the Federal Funds Effective Rate with respect to the amount of such payments for each day held by the Agent and not distributed to the Banks. The Agent's and each Bank's statement of account, ledger, or other relevant record shall, in the absence of manifest error, be conclusive as the statement of the amount of principal of and interest on the Loans and other amounts owing under this Agreement.
Section 4.02 Pro Rata Treatment of Banks. Each borrowing of Revolving Credit Loans shall be allocated to each Bank according to its Ratable Share (irrespective of the amount of Bid Loans outstanding), and each selection of, conversion to or renewal of any Interest Rate Option applicable to Revolving Credit Loans and each payment or prepayment by the Borrower with respect to principal or interest on the Revolving Credit Loans or Facility Fees, or other fees (except for the Agent's Fee and the Bid Loan Processing Fee) or amounts due from the Borrower hereunder to the Banks with respect to the Revolving Credit Loans, shall (except as provided in Section 3.04(c)[Agent's and Bank's Rights] in the case of an event specified in Section 3.04 [Euro-Rate Unascertainable; Etc.], Section 4.04(b) [Replacement of a Bank] or Section 4.06 [Additional Compensation in Certain Circumstances]) be made in proportion to the applicable Revolving Credit Loans outstanding from each Bank and, if no such Loans are then outstanding, in proportion to the Ratable Share of each Bank. Each borrowing of a Bid Loan shall be made according to the provisions in Section 2.08 hereof and each payment or prepayment by the Borrower of principal, interest, fees, or other amounts from the Borrower with respect to Bid Loans shall be made to the Banks in proportion to the amounts due to such Banks with respect to Bid Loans then outstanding.
-22-
Section 4.03 Interest Payment Dates. Interest on Committed Loans to which the Base Rate Option applies shall be due and payable in arrears on the first Business Day of each June, September, December, and March after the date hereof and on the Expiration Date or upon acceleration of the Loan. Interest on Committed Loans and Bid Loans to which the Euro-Rate Option applies and Bid Loans to which the Bid Loan Fixed Rate Option applies shall be due and payable on the last day of each Interest Period for those Loans and, if such Interest Period is longer than three (3) Months, also at the end of the third Month of such Interest Period. Interest on payments of principal and other monetary Obligations shall be due on the date such payment is due (whether on the stated maturity date, upon acceleration, or otherwise) or if principal or such other Obligation is paid earlier than the date when due, then on the date when paid.
Section 4.04 Voluntary Prepayments..
(a) Right to Prepay. The Borrower shall have the right at its option from time to time to prepay the Committed Loans in whole or part without premium or penalty (except as provided in Section 4.04(b) below or in Section 4.06
[Additional Compensation in Certain Circumstances]):
(i) at any time with respect to any Committed Loan to which the Base Rate Option applies,
(ii) on the last day of the applicable Interest Period with respect to Committed Loans to which a Euro-Rate Option applies,
(iii) on the date specified in a notice by any Bank pursuant to
Section 3.04 [Euro-Rate Unascertainable, Etc.] with respect to any Committed Loan to which a Euro-Rate Option applies.
Whenever the Borrower desires to prepay any part of the Committed Loans, it shall provide a prepayment notice to the Agent by 12:00 Noon, New York time, at least one (1) Business Day prior to the date of prepayment of Revolving Credit Loans to which a Base Rate Option applies and at least three (3) Business Days prior to the date of prepayment of Revolving Credit Loans to which a Euro-Rate Option applies setting forth the following information:
(x) the date, which shall be a Business Day, on which the proposed prepayment is to be made;
(y) a statement indicating the application of the prepayment among the Borrowing Tranches of Revolving Credit Loans; and
(z) the total principal amount of such prepayment, which shall not be less than $1,000,000 or such lesser amount as may be outstanding under the Borrowing Tranche to be prepaid.
The principal amount of the Committed Loans for which a prepayment notice is given, together with interest and fees as have accrued on such principal amount, shall be due and payable on the date specified in such prepayment notice as the date on which the proposed prepayment is to be made; provided, however, that failure of the Borrower to make payment in accordance with a prepayment notice given by it shall not be an Event of Default in and of itself. Except as provided in Section 3.04(c) [Agent's and Bank's rights], if the Borrower prepays a Committed Loan, but fails to specify the applicable
-23-
Borrowing Tranche which the Borrower is prepaying, the prepayment shall be applied first to Committed Loans to which the Base Rate Option applies, then to Loans to which the Committed Loan Euro-Rate Option applies. Any prepayment hereunder and any failure of Borrower to make payment in accordance with a prepayment notice provided by it shall be subject to the Borrower's Obligation to indemnify the Banks under Section 4.06(b) [Indemnity].
(b) Replacement of a Bank. In the event any Bank (i) gives notice under Section 3.04 [Euro-Rate Unascertainable, Etc.] or Section 4.06(a)
[Increased Costs, Etc.], (ii) does not fund Revolving Credit Loans or Bid Loans because the making of such Loans would contravene any Law applicable to such Bank, or (iii) becomes subject to the control of an Official Body (other than normal and customary supervision), then the Borrower shall have the right at its option, with the consent of the Agent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld, to prepay the Loans of such Bank in whole, together with all interest accrued thereon, and terminate such Bank's Commitment at any time after (x) receipt of such Bank's notice under Section 3.04 [Euro-Rate Unascertainable, Etc.] or
Section 4.06(a) [Increased Costs, Etc.], (y) the date such Bank has failed to fund Revolving Credit Loans or Bid Loans because the making of such Loans would contravene Law applicable to such Bank, or (z) the date such Bank became subject to the control of an Official Body, as applicable; provided that the Borrower shall also pay to such Bank at the time of such prepayment any amounts required under Section 4.06 [Additional Compensation in Certain Circumstances] and any accrued interest due on such amount and any related fees; provided, however, that the Commitment and any Bid Loan of such Bank shall beprovided by one or more of the remaining Banks or a replacement bank acceptable to the Agent; provided, further, the remaining Banks shall have no obligation hereunder to increase their Commitments or provide the Bid Loan of such Bank. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Agent may only be replaced subject to the requirements of
Section 9.14 [Successor Agent].
(c) Change of Lending Office. Each Bank agrees that, upon the occurrence of any event giving rise to increased costs or other special payments under Section 3.04(b) [Illegality, Etc.] or Section 4.06(a) [Increased Costs, Etc.] with respect to such Bank, it will if requested by the Borrower, use reasonable efforts (subject to overall policy considerations of such Bank) to designate another lending office for any Loans affected by such event, provided that such designation is made on terms that such Bank and its lending office suffer no economic, legal or regulatory disadvantage, with the object of avoiding the consequence of the event giving rise to the operation of such Section. Nothing in this Section 4.04(c) shall affect or postpone any of the Obligations or the rights of the Agent or any Bank provided in this Agreement.
Section 4.05 Reduction or Termination of Commitments. The aggregate amount of the Commitments shall be automatically reduced to zero on the Expiration Date. In addition, the Borrower shall have the right to terminate or reduce the then unused portion of Commitments at any time or from time to time; provided, that (a) each partial reduction shall be in an aggregate amount of $10,000,000 or an integral multiple of $1,000,000 in excess thereof; (b) at no time shall the total amount of the Commitments be less than current Loans outstanding; and (c) the Borrower shall provide at least five (5) Business Days prior written notice of each such termination or reduction to the Agent specifying the amount of the Commitments to be reduced or terminated. Each such notice shall be irrevocable, and Commitments once terminated or reduced may not be reinstated.
Section 4.06 Additional Compensation in Certain Circumstances.
(a) Increased Costs or Reduced Return Resulting From Taxes, Reserves, Capital Adequacy Requirements, Expenses, Etc. If any Law, guideline or interpretation or any change in any
-24-
Law, guideline or interpretation or application thereof by any Official Body charged with the interpretation or administration thereof or compliance with any request or directive (whether or not having the force of Law) of any central bank or other Official Body:
(i) subjects any Bank to any tax or changes the basis of taxation with respect to this Agreement, the Committed Loans or the Bid Loans or payments by the Borrower of principal, interest, Facility Fees, or other amounts due from the Borrower hereunder (except for taxes on the overall net income of such Bank),
(ii) imposes, modifies or deems applicable any reserve (including the Euro-Rate Reserve Percentage), special deposit or similar requirement against credits or commitments to extend credit extended by, or assets (funded or contingent) of, deposits with or for the account of, or other acquisitions of funds by, any Bank, or
(iii) imposes, modifies or deems applicable any capital adequacy or similar requirement (A) against assets (funded or contingent) of, or letters of credit, other credits or commitments to extend credit extended by, any Bank, or (B) otherwise applicable to the obligations of any Bank under this Agreement,
and the result of any of the foregoing is to increase the cost to, reduce the income receivable by, or impose any expense (including loss of margin) upon any Bank with respect to this Agreement, or the making, maintenance or funding of any part of the Committed Loans or the Bid Loans (or, in the case of any capital adequacy or similar requirement, to have the effect of reducing the rate of return on any Bank's capital, taking into consideration such Bank's customary policies with respect to capital adequacy) by an amount which such Bank in its sole discretion deems to be material, such Bank shall from time to time notify the Borrower and the Agent of the amount determined in good faith (using any averaging and attribution methods employed in good faith) by such Bank to be necessary to compensate such Bank for such increase in cost, reduction of income, additional expense or reduced rate of return. Such notice shall set forth in reasonable detail the basis for such determination. Such amount shall be due and payable by the Borrower to such Bank ten (10) Business Days after such notice is given.
(b) Indemnity. In addition to the compensation required by Section
4.06(a) [Increased Costs, Etc.], the Borrower shall indemnify each Bank against all liabilities, losses, or expenses (including loss of margin, any loss or expense incurred in liquidating or employing deposits from third parties and any loss or expense incurred in connection with funds acquired by a Bank to fund or maintain Loans subject to a Euro-Rate Option or the Bid Loan Fixed Rate Option) which such Bank sustains or incurs as a consequence of any
(i) payment, prepayment, conversion, or renewal of any Loan to which a Euro-Rate Option or the Bid Loan Fixed Rate Option applies on a day other than the last day of the corresponding Interest Period (whether or not such payment or prepayment is mandatory, voluntary, or automatic and whether or not such payment or prepayment is then due),
(ii) attempt by the Borrower to revoke (expressly, by later inconsistent notices or otherwise) in whole or part any Loan Requests under
Section 2.05 [Revolving Credit Loan Requests], Section 2.08 [Bid Loan Facility] or Section 3.01(c) [Interest Periods] or notice relating to prepayments under Section 4.04 [Voluntary Prepayments], or
-25-
(iii) default by the Borrower in the performance or observance of any covenant or condition contained in this Agreement or any other Loan Document, including any failure of the Borrower to pay when due (by acceleration or otherwise) any principal of or interest on the Committed Loans or the Bid Loans, Facility Fee, or any other amount due hereunder; or
(iv) payment or prepayment of any Bid Loan on a day other than the maturity date thereof (whether or not such payment or prepayment is mandatory or voluntary).
If any Bank sustains or incurs any such loss or expense, it shall from time to time notify the Borrower of the amount determined in good faith by such Bank (which determination may include such assumptions, allocations of costs and expenses, and averaging or attribution methods as such Bank shall deem reasonable) to be necessary to indemnify such Bank for such loss or expense. Such notice shall set forth in reasonable detail the basis for such determination. Such amount shall be due and payable by the Borrower to such Bank ten (10) Business Days after such notice is given.
Section 4.07 Taxes.
(a) No Deductions. All payments made by Borrower hereunder and under each Note shall be made free and clear of and without deduction for any present or future taxes, levies, imposts, deductions, charges, or withholdings, and all liabilities with respect thereto, excluding taxes imposed on the net income of any Bank and all income and franchise taxes applicable to any Bank of the United States (all such non-excluded taxes, levies, imposts, deductions, charges, withholdings, and liabilities being hereinafter referred to as "Taxes"). If Borrower shall be required by Law to deduct any Taxes from or in respect of any sum payable hereunder or under any Note, (i) the sum payable shall be increased as may be necessary so that after making all required deductions (including deductions applicable to additional sums payable under this Section 4.07(a)) each Bank receives an amount equal to the sum it would have received had no such deductions been made, (ii) Borrower shall make such deductions, and (iii) Borrower shall timely pay the full amount deducted to the relevant tax authority or other authority in accordance with applicable Law.
(b) Stamp Taxes. In addition, Borrower agrees to pay any present or future stamp or documentary taxes or any other excise or property taxes, charges, or similar levies which arise from any payment made hereunder or from the execution, delivery, or registration of, or otherwise with respect to, this Agreement or any Note (hereinafter referred to as "Other Taxes").
(c) Indemnification for Taxes Paid by a Bank. Borrower shall indemnify each Bank for the full amount of Taxes or Other Taxes (including, without limitation, any Taxes or Other Taxes imposed by any jurisdiction on amounts payable under this Section 4.07(c)) paid by any Bank and any liability (including penalties, interest, and expenses) arising therefrom or with respect thereto, whether or not such Taxes or Other Taxes were correctly or legally asserted. This indemnification shall be made within 30 days from the date a Bank makes written demand therefor.
(d) Certificate. Within 30 days after the date of any payment of any Taxes by Borrower, Borrower shall furnish to each Bank, at its address referred to herein, the original or a certified copy of a receipt evidencing payment thereof.
(e) Survival. Without prejudice to the survival of any other agreement of Borrower hereunder, the agreements and obligations of Borrower contained in this Section 4.07 shall survive the payment in full of principal and interest hereunder and under any instrument delivered hereunder.
-26-
Section 4.08 Judgment Currency.
(a) Currency Conversion Procedures for Judgments. If for the purposes of obtaining judgment in any court it is necessary to convert a sum due hereunder or under a Note in any currency (the "Original Currency") into another currency (the "Other Currency"), the parties hereby agree, to the fullest extent permitted by Law, that the rate of exchange used shall be that at which in accordance with normal banking procedures each Bank could purchase the Original Currency with the Other Currency after any premium and costs of exchange on the Business Day preceding that on which final judgment is given.
(b) Indemnity in Certain Events. The obligation of Borrower in respect of any sum due from Borrower to any Bank hereunder shall,notwithstanding any judgment in an Other Currency, whether pursuant to a judgment or otherwise, be discharged only to the extent that, on the Business Day following receipt by any Bank of any sum adjudged to be so due in such Other Currency, such Bank may in accordance with normal banking procedures purchase the Original Currency with such Other Currency. If the amount of the Original Currency so purchased is less than the sum originally due to such Bank in the Original Currency, Borrower agrees, as a separate obligation and notwithstanding any such judgment or payment, to indemnify such Bank against such loss.
Section 4.09 Notes, Maturity. The Revolving Credit Loans made by each Bank shall be evidenced by a Revolving Credit Note in the form of Exhibit
1.01(R). All Revolving Credit Loans shall be due and payable, if not sooner paid, on the Expiration Date.
ARTICLE V - REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
Section 5.01 Representations and Warranties. The Borrower represents and warrants to the Agent and each of the Banks as follows:
(a) Organization and Qualification. The Borrower is a corporation duly organized, validly existing, and in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of organization. Borrower has the lawful power to own or lease its properties and to engage in the business it presently conducts. Borrower is duly licensed or qualified and in good standing in each jurisdiction where the property owned or leased by it or the nature of the business transacted by it or both makes such licensing or qualification necessary.
(b) Capitalization and Subsidiaries. As of the Closing Date, ACE Risk Assurance Company, a Maryland corporation, is the sole Subsidiary of Borrower and such Subsidiary is an inactive corporation having no material liabilities or Indebtedness. The authorized capital stock of the Borrower is owned by ACE Financial Services, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and all such shares of stock have been validly issued and are fully paid and nonassessable.
(c) Power and Authority. Borrower has full power to enter into, execute, deliver, and carry out this Agreement and the other Loan Documents to which it is a party, to incur the Indebtedness contemplated by the Loan Documents, and to perform its Obligations under the Loan Documents to which it is a party, and all such actions have been duly authorized by all necessary proceedings on its part.
(d) Validity and Binding Effect. This Agreement has been duly and validly executed and delivered by Borrower, and each other Loan Document which Borrower is required to execute and
-27-
deliver as of the date hereof has been duly executed and delivered by Borrower. Assuming the due execution and delivery by Agent and the Banks of those Loan Documents to which they are a party, this Agreement and each other Loan Document to which Borrower is a party constitute the legal, valid and binding obligations of Borrower on and after its date of delivery thereof, enforceable against Borrower in accordance with its terms, except to the extent that enforceability of any of such Loan Document may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, or other similar laws affecting the enforceability of creditors' rights generally or limiting the right of specific performance.
(e) No Conflict. Neither the execution and delivery of this Agreement or the other Loan Documents by Borrower nor the consummation of the transactions herein or therein contemplated or compliance with the terms and provisions hereof or thereof will conflict with, constitute a default under or result in any breach of (i) the terms and conditions of the certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws, or other organizational documents of Borrower, or (ii) any Law or any material agreement or instrument or order, writ, judgment, injunction, or decree to which Borrower is a party or by which it is bound or to which it is subject, or result in the creation or enforcement of any Lien, charge or encumbrance whatsoever upon any property (now or hereafter acquired) of Borrower (other than Permitted Liens).
(f) Litigation. There are no actions, suits, proceedings, or investigations pending or, to the knowledge of Borrower, threatened against Borrower at law or in equity before any Official Body which individually or in the aggregate may result in any Material Adverse Change. Borrower is not in violation of any order, writ, injunction, or any decree of any Official Body which may result in any Material Adverse Change.
(g) Title to Properties. Borrower has good and marketable title to or valid leasehold interests in all properties, assets, and other rights which it purports to own or lease or which are reflected as owned or leased on its books and records, free and clear of all Liens and encumbrances except Permitted Liens. All leases of property are in full force and effect and are subject only to the terms and conditions of the applicable leases.
(h) Financial Statements, Reinsurance Coverage.
(A) Historical Statements. The Borrower has delivered to the Agent copies of its audited consolidated year-end financial statements for and as of the end of the three (3) fiscal years ended December 31, 1999, 2000, and 2001 (the "Historical Statements"). The Historical Statements were compiled from the books and records maintained by the Borrower's management, are correct and complete and fairly represent the consolidated financial condition of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries as of their dates and the results of operations for the fiscal periods then ended and have been prepared in accordance with GAAP and statutory requirements consistently applied.
(B) Accuracy of Financial Statements. Neither the Borrower nor any Subsidiary of the Borrower has any liabilities, contingent or otherwise, or forward or long-term commitments or Off-Balance Sheet Transactions that are not disclosed in the Historical Statements or in the notes thereto, and except as disclosed therein there are no unrealized or anticipated losses from any commitments of the Borrower or any Subsidiary of the Borrower which may cause a Material Adverse Change. Since December 31, 2001, no Material Adverse Change has occurred.
-28-
(C) Reinsurance Coverage. The Borrower has delivered Schedule 5.01(h) to the Agent setting forth the amount, terms, and provider(s) to Borrower of reinsurance and the extent of the Borrower's insurance or reinsurance exposure covered thereby; Schedule 5.01(h) is correct and complete and fairly represents the reinsurance coverage pertaining to the business of Borrower and its Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2001 ("Existing Reinsurance Coverage").
(i) Use of Proceeds; Margin Stock. The Borrower intends to use the proceeds of the Loans in accordance with Section 2.07 and Section 7.01(j). Borrower does not engage or intend to engage principally, or as one of its important activities, in the business of extending credit for the purpose, immediately, incidentally or ultimately, of purchasing or carrying margin stock (such term used herein within the meaning of Regulation U). No part of the proceeds of any Loan has been or will be used, immediately, incidentally or ultimately, to purchase or carry any margin stock or to extend credit to others for the purpose of purchasing or carrying any margin stock or to refund Indebtedness originally incurred for such purpose, or for any purpose which entails a violation of or which is inconsistent with the provisions of the regulations of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Borrower does not hold or intend to hold margin stock in such amounts that more than 25% of the reasonable value of its assets are or will be represented by margin stock.
(j) Full Disclosure. Neither this Agreement nor any other Loan Document, nor any certificate, statement, agreement, or other document furnished to the Agent or any Bank by the Borrower in connection herewith or therewith, contains any untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements contained herein and therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. There is no fact known to Borrower which materially adversely affects the business, property, assets, financial condition, results of operations, or prospects of Borrower which has not been set forth in this Agreement or in the certificates, statements, agreements, or other documents furnished in writing to the Agent and the Banks by the Borrower prior to or at the date hereof in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby.
(k) Taxes. All federal, state, local, and other tax returns required to have been filed with respect to Borrower have been filed, and payment or adequate provision has been made for the payment of all taxes, fees, assessments, and other governmental charges which have or may become due pursuant to said returns or to assessments received, except to the extent that such taxes, fees, assessments, and other charges are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings diligently conducted and for which such reserves or other appropriate provisions, if any, as shall be required by GAAP shall have been made. There are no agreements or waivers extending the statutory period of limitations applicable to any federal income tax return of Borrower for any period.
(l) Consents and Approvals. No consent, approval, exemption, order, or authorization of, or a registration or filing with, any Official Body or any other Person is required by any Law or any agreement in connection with the execution, delivery, or carrying out of this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents by Borrower, except such as have been obtained or made on or prior to the Closing Date.
(m) No Event of Default; Compliance With Instruments. No event has occurred and is continuing and no condition exists or will exist after giving effect to the borrowings or other extensions of credit to be made on the Closing Date under or pursuant to the Loan Documents which constitutes an Event of Default or Potential Default. Borrower is not in violation of (i) any term of its certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws, or other organizational documents or (ii) any material agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it or any of its properties may be subject or
-29-
bound where such violation would constitute a Material Adverse Change.
(n) Licenses, Etc. Borrower owns or possesses all the material licenses, registrations, franchises, permits, and rights necessary to own and operate its properties and to carry on its business as presently conducted by Borrower, without conflict with the rights of others.
(o) Insurance. No notice has been given or claim made and no grounds exist to cancel or avoid any insurance policy or bond in favor of Borrower or any of its property, or to reduce the coverage provided thereby. Such policies and bonds provide adequate coverage from reputable and financially sound insurers in amounts sufficient to insure the assets and risks of Borrower in accordance with prudent business practice in the industry of the Borrower.
(p) Compliance With Laws. The Borrower is in compliance in all material respects with all applicable Laws in all jurisdictions in which Borrower is doing business, except where the failure to do so would not constitute a Material Adverse Change.
(q) Material Contracts; Burdensome Restrictions. All material contracts relating to the business operations of Borrower are valid, binding, and enforceable upon Borrower and, to the knowledge of Borrower, each of the other parties thereto in accordance with their respective terms, and there is no default thereunder, to the Borrower's knowledge, with respect to parties other than Borrower. Borrower is not bound by any contractual obligation, or subject to any restriction in any organizational document or any requirement of Law, which in and of itself is material and adverse to Borrower.
(r) Investment Companies; Regulated Entities. Borrower is not an "investment company" registered or required to be registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 or under the "control" of an "investment company" as such terms are defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940 and shall not become such an "investment company" or under such "control." Borrower is not subject to any other Federal or state statute or regulation limiting its ability to incur Indebtedness for borrowed money.
(s) Plans and Benefit Arrangements. The Borrower and each other member of the ERISA Group are in compliance in all material respects with any applicable provisions of ERISA with respect to all Benefit Arrangements, Plans, and Multiemployer Plans. There has been no Prohibited Transaction with respect to any Benefit Arrangement or any Plan or, to the best knowledge of the Borrower, with respect to any Multiemployer Plan or Multiple Employer Plan, which could result in any material liability of the Borrower or any other member of the ERISA Group. The Borrower and all other members of the ERISA Group have made when due any and all payments required to be made under any agreement relating to a Multiemployer Plan or a Multiple Employer Plan or any Law pertaining thereto. With respect to each Plan and Multiemployer Plan, the Borrower and each other member of the ERISA Group (i) have fulfilled in all material respects their obligations under the minimum funding standards of ERISA, (ii) have not incurred any liability to the PBGC other than PBGC premiums due but not delinquent under Section 4007 of ERISA, and (iii) have not had asserted against them any penalty for failure to fulfill the minimum funding requirements of ERISA. All Plans, Benefit Arrangements and Multiemployer Plans have been administered in accordance with their terms and applicable Law.
The Borrower and each other member of the ERISA Group are in compliance in all material respects with any applicable provisions of ERISA with respect to all Benefit Arrangements, Plans, and Multiemployer Plans. There has been no Prohibited Transaction with respect to any Benefit Arrangement or any Plan or, to the best knowledge of the Borrower, with respect to any Multiemployer
-30-
Plan or Multiple Employer Plan, which could result in any material liability of the Borrower or any other member of the ERISA Group. The Borrower and all other members of the ERISA Group have made when due any and all payments required to be made under any agreement relating to a Multiemployer Plan or a Multiple Employer Plan or any Law pertaining thereto. With respect to each Plan and Multiemployer Plan, the Borrower and each other member of the ERISA Group (i) have fulfilled in all material respects their obligations under the minimum funding standards of ERISA, (ii) have not incurred any liability to the PBGC other than PBGC premiums due but not delinquent under Section 4007 of ERISA, and
(iii) have not had asserted against them any penalty for failure to fulfill the minimum funding requirements of ERISA. All Plans, Benefit Arrangements and Multiemployer Plans have been administered in accordance with their terms and applicable Law.
(A) No event requiring notice to the PBGC under Section 302(f)(4)(A)
of ERISA has occurred or is reasonably expected to occur with respect to any Plan, and no amendment with respect to which security is required under
Section 307 of ERISA has been made or is reasonably expected to be made to any Plan.
(B) Neither the Borrower nor any other member of the ERISA Group has incurred or reasonably expects to incur any material withdrawal liability under ERISA to any Multiemployer Plan or Multiple Employer Plan. Neither the Borrower nor any other member of the ERISA Group has been notified by any Multiemployer Plan or Multiple Employer Plan that such Multiemployer Plan or Multiple Employer Plan has been terminated within the meaning of Title IV of ERISA and, to the best knowledge of the Borrower, no Multiemployer Plan or Multiple Employer Plan is reasonably expected to be reorganized or terminated, within the meaning of Title IV of ERISA.
(t) Senior Debt Status. The Obligations of Borrower under this Agreement and each of the other Loan Documents to which it is a party do rank and will rank at least pari passu in priority of payment with all other Indebtedness of Borrower except (i) Indebtedness of Borrower to the extent secured by Permitted Liens, and (ii) Indebtedness which constitutes a "preferred claim" under Section 9-227 of the Maryland Insurance Law in the event of the liquidation, rehabilitation, reorganization, or conservation of the Borrower. The Obligations of ACE under the Guaranty Agreement do rank and will rank at least pari passu in priority of payment with all other senior unsecured Indebtedness of ACE. There is no Lien upon or with respect to any of the properties or income of Borrower which secures indebtedness or other obligations of any Person except for Permitted Liens.
Section 5.02 Continuation of Representations. The Borrower makes the representations and warranties in this ARTICLE V on the date hereof and on the Closing Date and each date thereafter on which a Loan is made as provided in and subject to Section 6.01 and Section 6.02.
ARTICLE VI - CONDITIONS OF LENDING
The obligation of each Bank to make Loans hereunder is subject to the performance by the Borrower of its Obligations to be performed hereunder at or prior to the making of any such Loans and to the satisfaction of the following further conditions:
Section 6.01 First Loans. On the Closing Date:
(a) Representations and Warranties True and Complete, No Defaults. The representations and warranties of the Borrower contained in Section 6 shall be true, complete, and
-31-
accurate on and as of the Closing Date with the same effect as though such representations and warranties had been made on and as of such date (except representations and warranties which relate solely to an earlier date or time, which representations and warranties shall be true and correct on and as of the specific dates or times referred to therein), and the Borrower shall have performed and complied with all covenants and conditions hereof and thereof, no Event of Default or Potential Default shall have occurred and be continuing.
(b) Secretary's Certificate. There shall be delivered to the Agent for the benefit of each Bank certificates dated the Closing Date and signed by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Borrower and ACE, certifying as appropriate as to:
(i) all action taken by each Borrower and ACE in connection with this Agreement and the other Loan Documents;
(ii) the names of the officer or officers authorized to sign this Agreement and the other Loan Documents and the true signatures of such officer or officers and specifying the Authorized Officers permitted to act on behalf of Borrower and ACE for purposes of this Agreement and the true signatures of such officers, on which the Agent and each Bank may conclusively rely; and
(iii) copies of its organizational documents, including its certificate or articles of incorporation and bylaws as in effect on the Closing Date certified by the appropriate state official where such documents are filed in a state office together with certificates from the appropriate state officials as to the continued existence and good standing of Borrower and ACE in each jurisdiction where organized.
(c) Delivery of Notes, Guaranty Agreements, and Loan Request. The Notes and Guaranty Agreement shall have been duly executed and delivered to the Agent for the benefit of the Banks.
(d) Opinion of Counsel. There shall be delivered to the Agent for the benefit of each Bank one or more written opinions of counsel for the Borrower and ACE dated the Closing Date and in form and substance satisfactory to the Agent and its counsel:
(i) as to the matters set forth in Exhibit 6.01(d); and
(ii) as to such other matters incident to the transactions contemplated herein as the Agent may reasonably request.
(e) Legal Details. All legal details and proceedings in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the other Loan Documents shall be in form and substance satisfactory to the Agent and counsel for the Agent, and the Agent shall have received all such other counterpart originals or certified or other copies of such documents and proceedings in connection with such transactions, in form and substance satisfactory to the Agent and said counsel, as the Agent or said counsel may reasonably request.
(f) Payment of Fees. The Borrower shall have paid or caused to be paid to the Agent for itself and for the account of the Banks to the extent not previously paid the Facility Fees, all other fees accrued through the Closing Date and the costs and expenses for which the Agent and the
-32-
Banks are entitled to be reimbursed.
(g) No Material Adverse Change. There has not occurred a Material Adverse Change since the date of the Historical Statements.
Section 6.02 Each Additional Loan. At the time of making any Loans, other than Loans made on the Closing Date, and after giving effect to the proposed extensions of credit: the representations and warranties of the Borrower contained in ARTICLE V and in the other Loan Documents and the representations and warranties of each Material Subsidiary contained or incorporated in the Guarantor Joinder given by such Material Subsidiary pursuant to Section 10.18 shall be true on and as of the date of such additional Loan with the same effect as though such representations and warranties had been made on and as of such date (except representations and warranties which expressly relate solely to an earlier date or time, which representations and warranties shall be true and correct on and as of the specific dates or times referred to therein) and the Borrower shall have performed and complied with all covenants and conditions hereof that are required to be performed or complied with as of the date of such Loan and each Material Subsidiary shall have complied with
Section 10.18 and all other covenants and conditions that are required to be performed or complied with as of the date of such Loan and which are set forth in or incorporated into the Guarantor Joinder given by such Material Subsidiary pursuant to Section 10.18; no Event of Default or Potential Default shall have occurred and be continuing or shall exist; and the Borrower shall have delivered to the Agent a duly executed and completed Loan Request.
ARTICLE VII - COVENANTS
Section 7.01 Affirmative Covenants. The Borrower covenants and agrees that, until payment in full of the Loans, and interest thereon, satisfaction of all of the other Obligations under the Loan Documents and termination of the Commitments, the Borrower shall comply at all times with the following affirmative covenants:
(a) Preservation of Existence, Etc. The Borrower shall, and shall cause each of its Material Subsidiaries to, maintain its legal existence as a corporation, limited partnership, or limited liability company and its license or qualification and good standing in each jurisdiction in which its ownership or lease of property or the nature of its business makes such license or qualification necessary, except as otherwise expressly permitted in Section
7.02(f) [Liquidations, Mergers, Etc.].
(b) Payment of Liabilities, Including Taxes, Etc. The Borrower shall, and shall cause each of its Material Subsidiaries to, duly pay and discharge all liabilities to which it is subject or which are asserted against it, promptly as and when the same shall become due and payable, including all taxes, assessments, and governmental charges upon it or any of its properties, assets, income or profits, prior to the date on which penalties attach thereto, except to the extent that such liabilities, including taxes, assessments or charges, are being contested in good faith and by appropriate and lawful proceedings diligently conducted and for which such reserve or other appropriate provisions, if any, as shall be required by GAAP shall have been made,, provided that the Borrower will pay, and cause its Material Subsidiaries to pay, all such liabilities forthwith upon the commencement of proceedings to foreclose any Lien which may have attached as security therefor.
(c) Maintenance of Insurance. The Borrower shall, and shall cause each of its Material Subsidiaries to, insure its properties and assets against loss or damage by insurable hazards as such assets are commonly insured (including, to the extent applicable to the respective industry of
-33-
Borrower or any Subsidiary thereof, fire, extended coverage, property damage, workers' compensation, public liability, and business interruption insurance) and against other risks (including errors and omissions) in such amounts as similar properties and assets are insured by prudent companies in similar circumstances carrying on similar businesses, and with reputable and financially sound insurers, including self-insurance to the extent customary.
(d) Maintenance of Properties and Leases. The Borrower shall, and shall cause each of its Material Subsidiaries to, maintain in good repair, working order, and condition (ordinary wear and tear excepted) in accordance with the general practice of other businesses of similar character and size, all of those properties useful or necessary to its business, and from time to time Borrower will make or cause to be made all appropriate repairs, renewals, or replacements thereof.
(e) Maintenance of Licenses, Etc. The Borrower shall, and shall cause each of its Material Subsidiaries to, maintain in full force and effect all licenses, franchises, permits, rights, and other authorizations necessary for the ownership and operation of its properties and business if the failure so to maintain the same would constitute a Material Adverse Change.
(f) Visitation Rights. The Borrower shall, and shall cause each of its Material Subsidiaries to, permit any of the officers or authorized employees or representatives of the Agent to visit and inspect any of its properties and to examine and make excerpts from its books and records and discuss its business affairs, finances and accounts with its officers, all in such detail and at such times and as often as the Agent may reasonably request and at the pro rata expense of the Banks (if requested by the Required Banks) or the Agent (if not so requested), provided that the Agent shall provide the Borrower with reasonable notice prior to any visit or inspection and provided, further, that during the continuation of any Event of Default, each Bank shall have the right of visitation and inspection granted above to Agent and all such visits and inspections by Agent and any Bank during the continuation of an Event of Default shall be at the expense of Borrower. In the event any Bank desires to conduct a visitation or inspection of Borrower or any Subsidiary during the continuation of an Event of Default, such Bank shall make a reasonable effort to conduct such visitation and inspection contemporaneously with any visitation or inspection to be performed by the Agent.
(g) Keeping of Records and Books of Account. The Borrower shall, and shall cause each Subsidiary of the Borrower to, maintain and keep proper books of record and account which enable the Borrower and its Material Subsidiaries to issue financial statements in accordance with GAAP and as otherwise required by applicable Laws of any Official Body having jurisdiction over the Borrower or any Subsidiary of the Borrower, and in which full, true and correct entries shall be made in all material respects of all its dealings and business and financial affairs.
(h) Plans and Benefit Arrangements. The Borrower shall, and shall cause each other member of the ERISA Group to, comply with ERISA, the Internal Revenue Code and other Laws applicable to Plans and Benefit Arrangements except where such failure, alone or in conjunction with any other failure, would not result in a Material Adverse Change. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Borrower shall cause all of its Plans and all Plans maintained by any member of the ERISA Group to be funded in accordance with the minimum funding requirements of ERISA and shall make, and cause each member of the ERISA Group to make, in a timely manner, all contributions due to Plans, Benefit Arrangements and Multiemployer Plans.
(i) Compliance With Laws. The Borrower shall, and shall cause each of its Material Subsidiaries to, comply with all applicable Laws in all respects, provided that it shall not be deemed to be
-34-
a violation of this Section 7.01(i) if any failure to comply with any Law would not result in fines, penalties, remediation costs, other similar liabilities or injunctive relief which in the aggregate would constitute a Material Adverse Change.
(j) Use of Proceeds. The Borrower will use the proceeds of the Loans only for the general corporate purposes and working capital needs of Borrower. The Borrower shall not use the proceeds of the Loans for any purposes which contravenes any applicable Law or any provision hereof.
(k) Senior Debt Status. The Borrower shall ensure that the Obligations of Borrower and any Material Subsidiary under this Agreement, a Guarantor Joinder, the Guaranty Agreement, and each of the other Loan Documents to which it is a party shall at all times rank at least pari passu in priority of payment with all other senior unsecured Indebtedness of Borrower or such Material Subsidiary (except to the extent of any Indebtedness which has a "preferred" status under any Law governing the bankruptcy, liquidation, insolvency, rehabilitation, reorganization, conservation, or like circumstance of the Borrower or such Material Subsidiary) and no such other senior unsecured Indebtedness of Borrower or any Material Subsidiary shall at any time be governed by or subject to covenants, defaults, or other provisions that are more restrictive on Borrower or any Material Subsidiary than those set forth herein; and provided that if payment of any present or future Indebtedness of Borrower or any Material Subsidiary, except Indebtedness of such Borrower or any Material Subsidiary to the extent secured by Permitted Liens, shall at any time hereafter become secured by any Lien on any property, Borrower or such Material Subsidiary shall secure payment of the Obligations with a Lien of like priority on the same or substantially similar property of the same or greater value (but, in any event, such Lien shall secure an amount of Obligations not to exceed the amount secured by the Lien given to secure payment of such other Indebtedness).
Section 7.02 Negative Covenants. The Borrower covenants and agrees that until payment in full of the Loans and interest thereon, satisfaction of all of the other Obligations hereunder and termination of the Commitments, the Borrower shall comply with the following negative covenants:
(a) Indebtedness. The Borrower shall not, and shall not permit any of its Material Subsidiaries to, at any time create, incur, assume, or suffer to exist any Indebtedness, except:
(i) Indebtedness under the Loan Documents;
(ii) Existing Indebtedness as set forth on Schedule 7.02(a) (including any extensions or renewals thereof, provided there is no increase in the amount thereof or other significant change in the terms thereof unless otherwise specified on Schedule 7.02(a);
(iii) Capitalized and operating leases;
(iv) Indebtedness secured by Purchase Money Security Interests;
(v) Indebtedness of Borrower or any Material Subsidiary to Borrower or any other Material Subsidiary or any of their respective Affiliates;
(vi) Any Interest Rate Hedge;
(vii) Any Guaranties permitted pursuant to Section 7.02(c); and
-35-
(viii) Other Indebtedness of Borrower which is non-recourse to Borrower and in the nature (as to its purpose and non-recourse structure) of that existing Indebtedness in favor of Deutsche Bank shown on Exhibit
7.02(a) ("Soft Capital") and other Indebtedness in an amount outstanding at any time not to exceed five percent (5%) of the consolidated tangible net worth of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries.
(b) Liens. The Borrower shall not, and shall not permit any of its Material Subsidiaries to, at any time create, incur, assume, or suffer to exist any Lien on any of its property or assets, tangible or intangible, now owned or hereafter acquired, or agree or become liable to do so, except Permitted Liens.
(c) Guaranties. The Borrower shall not, and shall not permit any of its Material Subsidiaries to, at any time, directly or indirectly, become or be liable in respect of any Guaranty, or assume, guaranty, become surety for, endorse or otherwise agree, become or remain directly or contingently liable upon or with respect to any obligation or liability of any other Person, except for Guaranties of that Indebtedness of the Borrower and the Material Subsidiaries permitted hereunder and (the following, collectively, "Insurance-Related Guaranties"): (i) reinsurance and insurance policies and Guaranties which Borrower or any Material Subsidiary is licensed to provide in the ordinary course of its reinsurance or insurance business, and (ii) Guaranties given by Borrower to support credit derivative transactions entered into by AGR Financial Products Inc., a Delaware corporation and Affiliate of Borrower ("Credit Derivative Guaranties"), subject, however, to the terms of
Section 7.02(p).
(d) Loans and Investments. The Borrower shall not, and shall not permit any of its Material Subsidiaries to, at any time make or suffer to remain outstanding any loan or advance to, or purchase, acquire or own any stock, bonds, notes or securities of, or any partnership interest (whether general or limited) or limited liability company interest in, or any other investment or interest in, or make any capital contribution to, any other Person, or agree, become, or remain liable to do any of the foregoing, except:
(i) trade credit extended on usual and customary terms in the ordinary course of business;
(ii) advances to employees to meet expenses incurred by such employees in the ordinary course of business;
(iii) Permitted Investments and Permitted Acquisitions; and
(iv) loans, advances and investments in Borrower and any Material Subsidiary.
(e) Dividends and Related Distributions. The Borrower shall not, and shall not permit any of its Material Subsidiaries to, make or pay, or agree to become or remain liable to make or pay, any dividend or other distribution of any nature (whether in cash, property, securities or otherwise) on account of or in respect of its shares of capital stock, partnership interests, or limited liability company interests or on account of the purchase, redemption, retirement, or acquisition of its shares of capital stock (or warrants, options or rights therefor), partnership interests or limited liability company interests, except dividends or other distributions payable to Borrower or any Material Subsidiary and except for dividends payable by Borrower not in excess of $15,000,000 in any fiscal year of Borrower.
(f) Liquidations, Mergers, Consolidations, Acquisitions. The Borrower shall not,
-36-
and shall not permit any of its Material Subsidiaries to, dissolve, liquidate, or wind-up its affairs, or become a party to any merger or consolidation, or acquire by purchase, lease, or otherwise all or substantially all of the assets or capital stock of or other ownership interest in any other Person, provided that
(1) any Material Subsidiary may consolidate or merge into Borrower or any other Material Subsidiary or any of their respective Affiliates, and
(2) Borrower or any Material Subsidiary may acquire, whether by purchase or by merger, (A) all of the ownership interests of another Person or (B) substantially all of the assets of another Person or of a business or division of another Person (each an "Permitted Acquisition"), provided that each of the following requirements is met:
(i) if the Borrower or any Material Subsidiary is acquiring the ownership interests in such Person and such Person meets the criteria for a Material Subsidiary set forth in the definition of such term at Section 1.01, such Person shall execute a Guarantor Joinder and join this Agreement as a Guarantor pursuant to Section 10.18 [Joinder of Guarantors] on or before the date of such Permitted Acquisition;
(ii) the board of directors or other equivalent governing body of such Person shall have approved such Permitted Acquisition (if such approval has been given or if such approval would be required by Law) and the Borrower or the relevant Material Subsidiary shall have delivered to the Banks written evidence of such approval of the board of directors (or equivalent body) of such Person for such Permitted Acquisition or, if such approval is not given and not required by Law and any proceeds of the Loans are utilized for such Permitted Acquisition, the Borrower or the relevant Material Subsidiary shall deliver to the Banks evidence satisfactory to Agent that the Permitted Acquisition is not hostile to, or otherwise opposed by the board of directors of, such Person;
(iii) the business acquired, or the business conducted by the Person whose ownership interests are being acquired, as applicable, shall be substantially the same as one or more lines of business conducted by the Borrower or any Material Subsidiary or otherwise incidental to the business of a financial services company and shall comply with Section 7.02(j)
[Continuation of or Change in Business];
(iv) no Potential Default or Event of Default shall exist immediately prior to and after giving effect to such Permitted Acquisition; and
(v) upon the reasonable request of Agent, the Borrower or the relevant Material Subsidiary shall deliver to Agent at least five (5) Business Days before such Permitted Acquisition such information about such Person or its assets as Agent may reasonably require.
(g) Dispositions of Assets or Subsidiaries. The Borrower shall not, and shall not permit any of its Material Subsidiaries to, sell, convey, assign, lease, abandon, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, voluntarily or involuntarily, any of its properties or assets, tangible or intangible (including by sale, assignment, discount, or other disposition of accounts, contract rights, chattel paper, equipment, or general intangibles with or without recourse or of capital stock, shares of beneficial interest, partnership interests or limited liability company interests of a Subsidiary of Borrower), except:
-37-
(i) transactions involving the sale of inventory, if any, in the ordinary course of business;
(ii) any sale, transfer, or lease of assets, including any sale of investment assets, in the ordinary course of business which are no longer necessary or required in the conduct of Borrower's or such Subsidiary's business or which are incidental to the management of Borrower's or its Subsidiary's investment portfolio in a manner consistent with past practices;
(iii) any sale, transfer or lease of assets by any wholly owned Subsidiary of Borrower to Borrower or any Material Subsidiary;
(iv) any sale, transfer or lease of assets in the ordinary course of business which are replaced by reasonably equivalent substitute assets; or
(v) any sale, transfer or lease of assets, other than those specifically excepted pursuant to clauses (i) through (iv) above, provided that (A) at the time of any disposition, no Event of Default shall exist or shall result from such disposition, and (B) the aggregate value of all assets so sold by (x) the Borrower shall not exceed in any fiscal year ten percent (10%) of the consolidated tangible net worth of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries or (y) any Material Subsidiary in any fiscal year shall not exceed a material portion of such Material Subsidiary's tangible net worth.
(h) Affiliate Transactions. The Borrower shall not, and shall not permit any of its Material Subsidiaries to, enter into or carry out any transaction (including purchasing property or services from or selling property or services to any Affiliate of Borrower or any Material Subsidiary or other Person) unless such transaction is not otherwise prohibited by this Agreement, is entered into upon fair and reasonable arm's-length terms and conditions which are fully disclosed to the Agent, and is in accordance with all applicable Law and accounting standards.
(i) Subsidiaries, Partnerships and Joint Ventures. The Borrower shall not, and shall not permit any of its Material Subsidiaries to, own, acquire, or create directly or indirectly any Material Subsidiary other than Material Subsidiaries each of which has joined this Agreement as a Guarantor at any time after the Closing Date in accordance with Section 10.18 [Joinder of Guarantors]. Each of the Borrower and its Material Subsidiaries shall not become or agree to become (1) a general or limited partner in any general or limited partnership, except that the Borrower or any of its Material Subsidiaries may be general or limited partners in any other Material Subsidiary, (2) a member or manager of, or hold a limited liability company interest in, a limited liability company, except that the Borrower or any of its Material Subsidiaries may be members or managers of, or hold limited liability company interests in, other Material Subsidiaries, or (3) a joint venturer or hold a joint venture interest in any joint venture except that the Borrower or any of its Material Subsidiaries may be a party to a joint venture (A) that would not otherwise be a Material Subsidiary were it a Subsidiary of Borrower, and (B) as to which neither Borrower nor any Material Subsidiary is directly or indirectly jointly or severally liable for any act or omission of the joint venture beyond the amount of its investment therein.
(j) Continuation of or Change in Business. The Borrower shall not, and shall not permit any of its Material Subsidiaries to, make a material change in the nature of its business as substantially conducted and operated by Borrower or such Subsidiary as of the Closing Date; provided, however, that it shall not be a material change hereunder for the Borrower to alter the concentration percentages of products offered or business conducted as of the Closing Date, nor to enter into any
-38-
business incidental to the offering of such products or the conduct of such business and it shall not be a material change hereunder for a Material Subsidiary to engage in any business incidental to the conduct of a financial services company.
(k) Plans and Benefit Arrangements. The Borrower shall not, and shall not permit any of its Material Subsidiaries to, engage in a Prohibited Transaction with any Plan, Benefit Arrangement, or Multiemployer Plan which, alone or in conjunction with any other circumstance or set of circumstances, would result in a material liability under ERISA or otherwise violate ERISA in a material respect.
(l) Fiscal Year. The Borrower shall not, and shall not permit any Subsidiary of the Borrower to, change its fiscal year from the twelve-month period beginning January 1 and ending December 31 unless Borrower has (i) provided thirty (30) days prior written notice to the Agent and the Banks of the proposed change accompanied by an explanation in reasonable detail of the effect thereof on Borrower and its Subsidiaries in general and on Borrower's or its Material Subsidiary's financial reporting and covenant compliance hereunder, and
(ii) agreed to amend to the covenants contained herein (including the financial covenants set forth below) if reasonably requested by the Agent and the Required Banks to maintain the continuity of the such covenants.
(m) Minimum Statutory Capital. The Borrower shall not at any time permit the Statutory Capital of Borrower to be less than eighty percent (80%) of the Statutory Capital of Borrower as of the most recent fiscal quarter of Borrower prior to the Closing Date.
(n) Maximum Exposure Ratio. The Borrower shall not at any time permit the ratio of the Net Par of Borrower to the Statutory Capital of Borrower to exceed 150 to 1.0.
(o) Maximum Debt to Total Capitalization Ratio. The Borrower shall maintain at all times a ratio of Consolidated Debt to Total Capitalization of not more than 0.35 to 1.0.
(p) Maximum Collateralized Credit Derivative Guaranties. The Borrower shall not at any time permit the aggregate value of all property of the Borrower or any of the Material Subsidiaries subject to a Lien given to secure payment of Credit Derivative Guaranties to exceed eleven percent (11%) of the sum of Total Capitalization plus the aggregate value of all collateral provided in accordance herewith to Agent for the benefit of the Banks, except to the extent that Agent for the benefit of the Banks is provided with a Lien of equal priority on substantially similar property of Borrower having a value equal to the amount by which such percentage is exceeded (the amount by which such percentage is exceeded, for the purposes of this Section 7.02(p), being referred to herein as the "Excess Lien Amount"). Property subject to such Lien shall be reduced or released, as the case may be, at any time by Agent upon the request of Borrower and without further action or consent of any of the Banks whenever the value of the property subject to that Lien in favor of the Agent for the benefit of the Banks established pursuant to this Section 7.02(p) at such time exceeds the Excess Lien Amount.
Section 7.03 Reporting Requirements. The Borrower covenants and agrees that until payment in full of the Loans and interest thereon, satisfaction of all other Obligations hereunder and under the other Loan Documents and termination of the Commitments, the Borrower will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Agent and each of the Banks:
(a) Quarterly Financial Statements. As soon as available and in any event within forty-five (45) calendar days after the end of each of the first three fiscal quarters in each fiscal year, the
-39-
Form 10-Q of ACE as filed with the SEC and two sets of financial statements of the Borrower, each consisting of a consolidated balance sheet as of the end of such fiscal quarter and related consolidated statements of income, stockholders' equity, and cash flows for the fiscal quarter then ended and the fiscal year through that date, all in reasonable detail and certified (subject to normal year-end audit adjustments) by the Chief Executive Officer, President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, or Assistant Treasurer of the Borrower as having been prepared as to one set of financial statements in accordance with GAAP, consistently applied, and as to the other set of financial statements as having been prepared in accordance with statutory accounting principles required by the State of Maryland.
(b) Annual Financial Statements. As soon as available and in any event within ninety (90) days after the end of each fiscal year of the Borrower, the Form 10-K of ACE as filed with the SEC and two sets of financial statements of the Borrower each consisting of a consolidated balance sheet as of the end of such fiscal year, and related consolidated statements of income, stockholders' equity, and cash flows for the fiscal year then ended, all in reasonable detail with one such set being prepared in accordance with GAAP, consistently applied, and the other set being prepared in accordance with statutory accounting principles required by the State of Maryland, and, in each case, certified by independent certified public accountants of nationally recognized standing satisfactory to the Agent. The certificate or report of accountants shall be free of qualifications (other than any consistency qualification that may result from a change in the method used to prepare the financial statements as to which such accountants concur) and shall not indicate the occurrence or existence of any event, condition, or contingency which would materially impair the prospect of payment or performance of any covenant, agreement, or duty of the Borrower or any Material Subsidiary under any of the Loan Documents.
(c) Certificate of the Borrower. Concurrently with the financial statements of the Borrower furnished to the Agent and to the Banks pursuant to
Section 7.03(a) [Quarterly Financial Statements] and Section 7.03(b)[Annual Financial Statements], a certificate (each a "Compliance Certificate") of the Borrower signed by the Chief Executive Officer, President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, or Assistant Treasurer of the Borrower, in the form of Exhibit 7.03(c), to the effect that, except as described pursuant to Section
7.03(d) [Notice of Default], (i) the representations and warranties of the Borrower contained in ARTICLE VI and in the other Loan Documents and the representations and warranties of each Material Subsidiary, if any, contained or incorporated in the Guarantor Joinder given by such Material Subsidiary pursuant to Section 10.18 are true on and as of the date of such certificate with the same effect as though such representations and warranties had been made on and as of such date (except representations and warranties which expressly relate solely to an earlier date or time) and the Borrower has performed and complied with all covenants and conditions hereof and each Material Subsidiary, if any, shall have complied with all covenants and conditions of or incorporated into the Guarantor Joinder given by such Material Subsidiary pursuant to Section 10.18, (ii) no Event of Default or Potential Default exists and is continuing on the date of such certificate, and (iii) containing calculations in sufficient detail to (A) demonstrate compliance as of the date of such financial statements with all financial covenants contained in Section 7.02 [Negative Covenants] and (B) determine the Net Par of Borrower and any material changes or loss experience in connection with Existing Reinsurance Coverage from the components thereof set forth on Schedule 5.01(h).
(d) Notice of Default, Promptly after any officer of Borrower has learned of: (i) the occurrence of an Event of Default or Potential Default, a certificate signed by the Chief Executive Officer, President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, or Assistant Treasurer of Borrower setting forth the details of such Event of Default or Potential Default and the action which the Borrower proposes to take with respect thereto, or (ii) the creation or acquisition of a Material Subsidiary (or the existence of a
-40-
Material Subsidiary which has not executed and delivered a Guaranty Agreement to Agent for the benefit of the Banks), a certificate signed by the Chief Executive Officer, President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, or Assistant Treasurer of Borrower setting forth the legal name, jurisdiction of organization, and such other relevant information reasonably requested by Agent.
(e) Off-Balance Sheet Financing None of the Borrower or any of its Material Subsidiaries shall engage in any off-balance sheet transaction (i.e., the liabilities in respect of which do not appear on the liability side of the balance sheet) providing the functional equivalent of material Indebtedness or otherwise providing for a material liability of Borrower or any of its Material Subsidiaries (collectively, "Off-Balance Sheet Transactions"), except such Off-Balance Sheet Transactions as are fully disclosed to the Banks and Agent prior to their creation.
(f) Notice of Litigation, Promptly after the commencement thereof, notice of all actions, suits, proceedings or investigations before or by any Official Body or any other Person against Borrower or any Material Subsidiary of Borrower, involve a claim or series of claims in excess of $20,000,000 or which if adversely determined would constitute a Material Adverse Change.
(g) Notice of Change in Insurer Financial Strength Rating. Within two
(2) Business Days after Standard & Poor's or Moody's announces a change in the Borrower's Insurer Financial Strength Rating, notice of such change. Borrower will deliver together with such notice a copy of any written notification which Borrower received from the applicable rating agency regarding such change of its Insurer Financial Strength Rating.
(h) Sale of Assets. At least fifteen (15) calendar days prior thereto, notice with respect to any proposed sale or transfer of material assets pursuant to Section 7.02(g)(v).
(i) Budgets, Other Reports and Information. Promptly upon their becoming available to the Borrower, such reports and information as any of the Banks may from time to time reasonably request. The Borrower shall also notify the Banks and Agent promptly of the enactment, enforcement, or adoption of any Law which may result in a Material Adverse Change with respect to Borrower.
ARTICLE VIII - DEFAULT
Section 8.01 Events of Default. An Event of Default shall mean the occurrence or existence of any one or more of the following events or conditions (whatever the reason therefor and whether voluntary, involuntary, or effected by operation of Law):
(a) Payments Under Loan Documents. The Borrower shall fail to pay (i) any principal of any Loan (including scheduled installments or mandatory prepayments, if any, or the payment due at maturity) when such principal is due hereunder or (ii) any interest on any Loan or any other amount owing hereunder or under the other Loan Documents within five (5) Business Days after such interest or other amount becomes due in accordance with the terms hereof or thereof;
(b) Breach of Warranty. Any representation or warranty made at any time by any of the Borrower and the Material Subsidiaries herein or by any of the Borrower and the Material Subsidiaries in any other Loan Document, or in any certificate, other instrument, or statement furnished by Borrower or a Material Subsidiary pursuant to the provisions hereof or thereof, shall prove to have been false or misleading in any material respect as of the time it was made or furnished;
-41-
(c) Breach of Negative Covenants or Visitation Rights. The Borrower or any Material Subsidiary shall default in the observance or performance of any covenant contained in Section 7.02 [Negative Covenants] or shall default for a period of ten (10) days or more in the observance or performance of any covenant contained in Section 7.01(f);
(d) Breach of Other Covenants. There shall be a default in the observance or performance of any other covenant, condition, or provision hereof or of any other Loan Document and such default shall continue unremedied for a period of thirty (30) days (such grace period to be applicable only in the event such default can be remedied by corrective action);
(e) Defaults in Other Agreements or Indebtedness. A default or event of default shall occur at any time under the terms of any other agreement involving borrowed money or the extension of credit or any other Indebtedness under which Borrower or any Material Subsidiary of Borrower may be obligated as a borrower or guarantor in excess of $20,000,000 in the aggregate, and such breach, default or event of default consists of the failure to pay (beyond any period of grace permitted with respect thereto, whether waived or not) any indebtedness when due (whether at stated maturity, by acceleration or otherwise) or if such breach or default causes the acceleration of any indebtedness (whether or not such right shall have been waived) or the termination of any commitment to lend;
(f) Final Judgments or Orders. Any final judgments or orders for the payment of money which results in an uninsured liability to pay in excess of $20,000,000 in the aggregate shall be entered against Borrower or any Material Subsidiary by a court having jurisdiction in the premises, which judgment is not discharged, vacated, bonded, or stayed pending appeal within a period of forty-five (45) days from the date of entry;
(g) Loan Document Unenforceable. Any of the Loan Documents shall cease to be legal, valid, and binding agreements enforceable against the party executing the same or such party's successors and assigns (as permitted under the Loan Documents) in accordance with the respective terms thereof or shall in any way be terminated (except in accordance with its terms) or become or be declared stayed, ineffective, or inoperative or shall cease to give or provide the respective Liens or security interests intended to be created thereby and provided, however, if any of the foregoing is a result of an involuntary proceeding of the type described in Section 8.01(m), such proceeding has not been contested by the affected party or has not been dismissed after the passage of more than sixty (60) days;
(h) Losses; Proceedings Against Assets. Any of the Borrower's assets having an aggregate value (reasonably determined) in excess of five (5%) of the tangible net worth of Borrower and its Subsidiaries, or any of its Material Subsidiaries' assets having an aggregate value (reasonably determined) in excess of a material amount of such Material Subsidiary's tangible net worth, are attached, seized, levied upon or subjected to a writ or distress warrant; or such come within the possession of any receiver, trustee, custodian or assignee for the benefit of creditors and the same is not cured within sixty (60) days thereafter;
(i) Notice of Lien or Assessment. A notice of Lien or assessment in excess of $20,000,000 which is not a Permitted Lien is filed of record with respect to all or any part of the Borrower's or any of its Material Subsidiaries' assets by the United States, or any department, agency, or instrumentality thereof, or by any state, county, municipal, or other governmental agency, including the PBGC, or any taxes or debts owing at any time or times hereafter to any one of these becomes payable and the same is not paid within thirty (30) days after the same becomes payable;
-42-
(j) Insolvency. Borrower or any Material Subsidiary of Borrower ceases to be solvent or admits in writing its inability to pay its debts as they mature;
(k) Events Relating to Plans and Benefit Arrangements. Any of the following occurs: (i) any Reportable Event, which the Agent determines in good faith constitutes grounds for the termination of any Plan by the PBGC or the appointment of a trustee to administer or liquidate any Plan, shall have occurred and be continuing; (ii) proceedings shall have been instituted or other action taken to terminate any Plan, or a termination notice shall have been filed with respect to any Plan; (iii) a trustee shall be appointed to administer or liquidate any Plan; (iv) the PBGC shall give notice of its intent to institute proceedings to terminate any Plan or Plans or to appoint a trustee to administer or liquidate any Plan; and, in the case of the occurrence of (i),
(ii), (iii) or (iv) above, the Agent determines in good faith that the amount of the Borrower's liability is likely to exceed 10% of its Consolidated Tangible Net Worth; (v) the Borrower or any member of the ERISA Group shall fail to make any contributions when due to a Plan or a Multiemployer Plan; (vi) the Borrower or any other member of the ERISA Group shall make any amendment to a Plan with respect to which security is required under Section 307 of ERISA; (vii) the Borrower or any other member of the ERISA Group shall withdraw completely or partially from a Multiemployer Plan; (viii) the Borrower or any other member of the ERISA Group shall withdraw (or shall be deemed under Section 4062(e) of ERISA to withdraw) from a Multiple Employer Plan; or (ix) any applicable Law is adopted, changed or interpreted by any Official Body with respect to or otherwise affecting one or more Plans, Multiemployer Plans or Benefit Arrangements and, with respect to any of the events specified in (v), (vi),
(vii), (viii) or (ix), the Agent determines in good faith that any such occurrence would be reasonably likely to materially and adversely affect the total enterprise represented by the Borrower and the other members of the ERISA Group;
(l) Change of Control. Any person or group of persons (within the meaning of Sections 13(d) or 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), other than ACE limited or an Affiliate of ACE Limited, shall have acquired beneficial ownership of (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 promulgated by the SEC under said Act) 30% or more of the voting capital stock of the Borrower; or (ii) within a period of twelve (12) consecutive calendar months, individuals who were directors of the Borrower on the first day of such period and individuals approved by ACE Limited or an Affiliate of ACE Limited shall cease to constitute a majority of the board of directors of the Borrower;
(m) Involuntary Proceedings. A proceeding shall have been instituted in a court having jurisdiction in the premises seeking a decree or order for relief in respect of Borrower or any Material Subsidiary of Borrower in an involuntary case under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, or other similar law now or hereafter in effect, or for the appointment of a receiver, liquidator, assignee, custodian, trustee, sequestrator, or conservator (or similar official) of Borrower or any Material Subsidiary of Borrower or for any substantial part of its property, or for the winding-up or liquidation of its affairs, and such proceeding shall remain undismissed or unstayed and in effect for a period of sixty (60) consecutive days or such court shall enter a decree or order granting any of the relief sought in such proceeding; or
(n) Voluntary Proceedings. Borrower or any Material Subsidiary of Borrower shall commence a voluntary case under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, or other similar law now or hereafter in effect, shall consent to the entry of an order for relief in an involuntary case under any such law, or shall consent to the appointment or taking possession by a receiver, liquidator, assignee, custodian, trustee, sequestrator, or conservator (or other similar official) of itself or for any substantial part of its property or shall make a general assignment for the benefit of creditors, or shall fail generally to pay its debts as they become due, or shall take any action in furtherance of any of the
-43-
foregoing.
Section 8.02 Consequences of Event of Default.
(a) Events of Default Other Than Bankruptcy, Insolvency or Reorganization Proceedings. If an Event of Default or Potential Default specified under Section 8.01(a) through Section 8.01(l) shall occur and be continuing, the Banks and the Agent shall be under no further obligation to make Revolving Credit Loans or Bid Loans, as the case may be, and if any such Event of Default shall occur and be continuing, the Agent may, and upon the request of the Required Banks, shall by written notice to the Borrower, take any of the following actions: (i) terminate the Commitments and thereupon the Commitments shall be terminated and of no further force or effect, or (ii) declare the unpaid principal amount of the Revolving Credit Notes and Bid Notes then outstanding and all interest accrued thereon, any unpaid fees, and all other Indebtedness of the Borrower to the Banks hereunder and thereunder to be forthwith due and payable, and the same shall thereupon become and be immediately due and payable to the Agent for the benefit of each Bank without presentment, demand, protest or any other notice of any kind, all of which are hereby expressly waived; and
(b) Bankruptcy, Insolvency or Reorganization Proceedings. If an Event of Default specified under Section 8.01(m) [Involuntary Proceedings] or
Section 8.01(n) [Voluntary Proceedings] shall occur, the Commitments shall automatically terminate and be of no further force and effect, the Banks shall be under no further obligations to make Revolving Credit Loans or Bid Loans hereunder and the unpaid principal amount of the Loans then outstanding and all interest accrued thereon, any unpaid fees and all other Indebtedness of the Borrower to the Banks hereunder and thereunder shall be immediately due and payable, without presentment, demand, protest or notice of any kind, all of which are hereby expressly waived; and
(c) Set-off. If an Event of Default shall occur and be continuing, any Bank to whom any Obligation is owed by Borrower or any Material Subsidiary hereunder or under any other Loan Document or any participant of such Bank which has agreed in writing to be bound by the provisions of Section 9.13
[Equalization of Banks] and any branch, Subsidiary, or Affiliate of such Bank or participant anywhere shall have the right, in addition to all other rights and remedies available to it, without notice to Borrower or any Material Subsidiary, to set-off against and apply to the then unpaid balance of all the Loans and all other Obligations hereunder or under any other Loan Document any debt owing to, and any other funds held in any manner for the account of, the Borrower or any Material Subsidiary by such Bank or participant or by such branch, Subsidiary or Affiliate, including all funds in all deposit accounts (whether time or demand, general or special, provisionally credited or finally credited, or otherwise) now or hereafter maintained by the Borrower or any Material Subsidiary for its own account (but not including funds held in custodian or trust accounts) with such Bank or participant or such branch, Subsidiary, or Affiliate. Such right shall exist whether or not any Bank or the Agent shall have made any demand under this Agreement or any other Loan Document, whether or not such debt owing to or funds held for the account of the Borrower or any Material Subsidiary is or are matured or unmatured and regardless of the existence or adequacy of any Guaranty or any other security, right, or remedy available to any Bank or the Agent; and
(d) Suits, Actions, Proceedings. If an Event of Default shall occur and be continuing, and whether or not the Agent shall have accelerated the maturity of Committed Loans pursuant to any of the foregoing provisions of this
Section 8.02, the Agent or any Bank, upon the request or consent of the Required Banks, may proceed to protect and enforce the Agent's or any one or more Banks' rights by suit in equity, action at law and/or other appropriate proceeding, whether for the specific
-44-
performance of any covenant or agreement contained in this Agreement or the other Loan Documents, including as permitted by applicable Law the obtaining of the ex parte appointment of a receiver, and, if such amount shall have become due, by declaration or otherwise, proceed to enforce the payment thereof or any other legal or equitable right of the Agent or such Bank; and
(e) Application of Proceeds. From and after the date on which the Agent has taken any action pursuant to this Section 8.02 and until all Obligations have been paid in full, any and all proceeds received by the Agent from the exercise of any remedy by the Agent, shall be applied as follows:
(A) first, to reimburse the Agent and the Banks for out-of-pocket costs, expenses and disbursements, including reasonable attorneys' fees and legal expenses, incurred by the Agent or the Banks in connection with collection of any Obligations under any of the Loan Documents;
(B) second, to the repayment of all Indebtedness then due and unpaid of the Borrower or any Material Subsidiary to the Banks incurred under this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents, whether of principal, interest, fees, expenses or otherwise, in such manner as the Agent may determine in its discretion; and
(C) the balance, if any, as required by Law.
(f) Other Rights and Remedies. In addition to all of the rights and remedies contained in this Agreement or in any of the other Loan Documents, the Agent shall have all of the rights and remedies under applicable Law, all of which rights and remedies shall be cumulative and non-exclusive, to the extent permitted by Law. The Agent may, and upon the request of the Required Banks shall, exercise all post-default rights granted to the Agent and the Banks under the Loan Documents or applicable Law.
Section 8.03 Right of Competitive Bid Loan Banks. If any Event of Default shall occur and be continuing, the Banks which have any Bid Loans then outstanding to the Borrower (the "Bid Loan Banks") shall not be entitled to accelerate payment of the Bid Loans or to exercise any right or remedy related to the collection of the Bid Loans until the Commitments shall be terminated hereunder pursuant to Section 8.02. Upon such a termination of the Commitments:
(i) references to Revolving Credit Loans in Section 8.02 shall be deemed to apply also to the Bid Loans and the Bid Loan Banks shall be entitled to all enforcement rights given to a holder of a Revolving Credit Loan in Section 8.02, and (ii) the definition of Required Banks shall be changed as provided in
Section 1.01 so that each Bank shall have voting rights hereunder in proportion to its share of the total Loans outstanding.
ARTICLE IX - THE AGENT
Section 9.01 Appointment. Each Bank hereby irrevocably designates, appoints and authorizes ABN AMRO Bank N.V. to act as Agent for such Bank under this Agreement and to execute and deliver or accept on behalf of each of the Banks the other Loan Documents. Each Bank hereby irrevocably authorizes the Agent to take such action on its behalf under the provisions of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents and any other instruments and agreements referred to herein, and to exercise such powers and to perform such duties hereunder as are specifically delegated to or required of the Agent by the terms hereof, together with such powers as are reasonably incidental thereto. ABN AMRO Bank N.V. agrees to act as the Agent on behalf of the Banks to the extent provided in this Agreement.
-45-
Section 9.02 Delegation of Duties. The Agent may perform any of its duties hereunder by or through agents or employees (provided such delegation does not constitute a relinquishment of its duties as Agent) and, subject to
Section 9.05 [Reimbursement of Agent by Borrower, Etc.] and Section 9.06, shall be entitled to engage and pay for the advice or services of any attorneys, accountants or other experts concerning all matters pertaining to its duties hereunder and to rely upon any advice so obtained.
Section 9.03 Nature of Duties; Independent Credit Investigation. The Agent shall have no duties or responsibilities except those expressly set forth in this Agreement and no implied covenants, functions, responsibilities, duties, obligations, or liabilities shall be read into this Agreement or otherwise exist. The duties of the Agent shall be mechanical and administrative in nature; the Agent shall not have by reason of this Agreement a fiduciary or trust relationship in respect of any Bank; and nothing in this Agreement, expressed or implied, is intended to or shall be construed as to impose upon the Agent any obligations in respect of this Agreement except as expressly set forth herein. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the use of the term "agent" in this Agreement with reference to the Agent is not intended to connote any fiduciary or other implied (or express) obligations arising under agency doctrine of any applicable Law. Instead, such term is used merely as a matter of market custom, and is intended to create or reflect only an administrative relationship between independent contracting parties. Each Bank expressly acknowledges (i) that the Agent has not made any representations or warranties to it and that no act by the Agent hereafter taken, including any review of the affairs of any of the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries, shall be deemed to constitute any representation or warranty by the Agent to any Bank; (ii) that it has made and will continue to make, without reliance upon the Agent, its own independent investigation of the financial condition and affairs and its own appraisal of the creditworthiness of each of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries in connection with this Agreement and the making and continuance of the Loans hereunder; and (iii) except as expressly provided herein, that the Agent shall have no duty or responsibility, either initially or on a continuing basis, to provide any Bank with any credit or other information with respect thereto, whether coming into its possession before the making of any Loan or at any time or times thereafter.
Section 9.04 Actions in Discretion of Agent; Instructions From the Banks. The Agent agrees, upon the written request of the Required Banks, to take or refrain from taking any action of the type specified as being within the Agent's rights, powers or discretion herein, provided that the Agent shall not be required to take any action which exposes the Agent to personal liability or which is contrary to this Agreement or any other Loan Document or applicable Law. In the absence of a request by the Required Banks, the Agent shall have authority, in its sole discretion, to take or not to take any such action, unless this Agreement specifically requires the consent of the Required Banks or all of the Banks. Any action taken or failure to act pursuant to such instructions or discretion shall be binding on the Banks, subject to Section
9.06 [Exculpatory Provisions, Etc.]. Subject to the provisions of Section 9.06, no Bank shall have any right of action whatsoever against the Agent as a result of the Agent acting or refraining from acting hereunder in accordance with the instructions of the Required Banks, or in the absence of such instructions, in the absolute discretion of the Agent.
Section 9.05 Reimbursement and Indemnification of Agent by the Borrower. The Borrower unconditionally agrees to pay or reimburse the Agent and hold the Agent harmless against (a) liability for the payment of all reasonable out-of-pocket costs, expenses, and disbursements (including fees and expenses of counsel) incurred by the Agent (i) in connection with the development, negotiation, preparation, printing, execution, administration, syndication, interpretation and performance of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents,
(ii) relating to any requested amendments, waivers or consents pursuant to the provisions hereof, (iii) in connection with the enforcement of this Agreement or
-46-
any other Loan Document or collection of amounts due hereunder or thereunder or the proof and allowability of any claim arising under this Agreement or any other Loan Document, whether in bankruptcy or receivership proceedings or otherwise, and (iv) in any workout or restructuring or in connection with the protection, preservation, exercise or enforcement of any of the terms hereof or of any rights hereunder or under any other Loan Document or in connection with any foreclosure, collection or bankruptcy proceedings, and (b) all liabilities, obligations, losses, damages, penalties, actions, judgments, suits, costs, expenses or disbursements of any kind or nature whatsoever which may be imposed on, incurred by or asserted against the Agent, in its capacity as such, in any way relating to or arising out of this Agreement or any other Loan Documents or any action taken or omitted by the Agent hereunder or thereunder, provided that the Borrower shall not be liable for any portion of such liabilities, obligations, losses, damages, penalties, actions, judgments, suits, costs, expenses or disbursements if the same results from the Agent's gross negligence or willful misconduct, or if the Borrower was not given notice of the subject claim and the opportunity to participate in the defense thereof, at its expense (except that the Borrower shall remain liable to the extent such failure to give notice does not result in a loss to the Borrower), or if the same results from a compromise or settlement agreement entered into without the consent of the Borrower, which shall not be unreasonably withheld.
Section 9.06 Exculpatory Provisions; Limitation of Liability. Neither the Agent nor any of its directors, officers, employees, agents, attorneys or Affiliates shall (a) be liable to any Bank for any action taken or omitted to be taken by it or them hereunder, or in connection herewith including pursuant to any Loan Document, unless caused by its or their own gross negligence or willful misconduct, (b) be responsible in any manner to any of the Banks for the effectiveness, enforceability, genuineness, validity or the due execution of this Agreement or any other Loan Documents or for any recital, representation, warranty, document, certificate, report or statement herein or made or furnished under or in connection with this Agreement or any other Loan Documents, or (c) be under any obligation to any of the Banks to ascertain or to inquire as to the performance or observance of any of the terms, covenants or conditions hereof or thereof on the part of the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries, or the financial condition of the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries, or the existence or possible existence of any Event of Default or Potential Default. No claim may be made by the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries, any Bank, the Agent or any of their respective Subsidiaries against the Agent, any Bank or any of their respective directors, officers, employees, agents, attorneys or Affiliates, or any of them, for any special, indirect or consequential damages or, to the fullest extent permitted by Law, for any punitive damages in respect of any claim or cause of action (whether based on contract, tort, statutory liability, or any other ground) based on, arising out of or related to any Loan Document or the transactions contemplated hereby or any act, omission or event occurring in connection therewith, including the negotiation, documentation, administration or collection of the Loans, and the Borrower (for itself and on behalf of each of its Subsidiaries), the Agent and each Bank hereby waive, releases and agree never to sue upon any claim for any such damages, whether such claim now exists or hereafter arises and whether or not it is now known or suspected to exist in its favor. Each Bank agrees that, except for notices, reports and other documents expressly required to be furnished to the Banks by the Agent hereunder or given to the Agent for the account of or with copies for the Banks, the Agent and each of its directors, officers, employees, agents, attorneys or Affiliates shall not have any duty or responsibility to provide any Bank with an credit or other information concerning the business, operations, property, condition (financial or otherwise), prospects or creditworthiness of the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries which may come into the possession of the Agent or any of its directors, officers, employees, agents, attorneys or Affiliates.
Section 9.07 Reimbursement and Indemnification of Agent by Banks. Each Bank agrees to reimburse and indemnify the Agent (to the extent not reimbursed by the Borrower and without
-47-
limiting the Obligation of the Borrower to do so) in proportion to its Ratable Share from and against all liabilities, obligations, losses, damages, penalties, actions, judgments, suits, costs, expenses or disbursements, including attorneys' fees and disbursements (including the allocated costs of staff counsel), and costs of appraisers and environmental consultants, of any kind or nature whatsoever which may be imposed on, incurred by or asserted against the Agent, in its capacity as such, in any way relating to or arising out of this Agreement or any other Loan Documents or any action taken or omitted by the Agent hereunder or thereunder, provided that no Bank shall be liable for any portion of such liabilities, obligations, losses, damages, penalties, actions, judgments, suits, costs, expenses or disbursements (a) if the same results from the Agent's gross negligence or willful misconduct, or (b) if such Bank was not given notice of the subject claim and the opportunity to participate in the defense thereof, at its expense (except that such Bank shall remain liable to the extent such failure to give notice does not result in a loss to the Bank), or (c) if the same results from a compromise and settlement agreement entered into without the consent of such Bank, which shall not be unreasonably withheld. In addition, each Bank agrees promptly upon demand to reimburse the Agent (to the extent not reimbursed by the Borrower and without limiting the Obligation of the Borrower to do so) in proportion to its Ratable Share for all amounts due and payable by the Borrower to the Agent in connection with the Agent's periodic audit of the Borrower's or any of its Material Subsidiaries' books, records and business properties.
Section 9.08 Reliance by Agent. The Agent shall be entitled to rely upon any writing, telegram, telex or teletype message, resolution, notice, consent, certificate, letter, cablegram, statement, order or other document or conversation by telephone or otherwise believed by it to be genuine and correct and to have been signed, sent or made by the proper Person or Persons, and upon the advice and opinions of counsel and other professional advisers selected by the Agent. The Agent shall be fully justified in failing or refusing to take any action hereunder unless it shall first be indemnified to its satisfaction by the Banks against any and all liability and expense which may be incurred by it by reason of taking or continuing to take any such action.
Section 9.09 Notice of Default. The Agent shall not be deemed to have knowledge or notice of the occurrence of any Potential Default or Event of Default unless the Agent has received written notice from a Bank or the Borrower referring to this Agreement, describing such Potential Default or Event of Default and stating that such notice is a "notice of default."
Section 9.10 Notices. The Agent shall promptly send to each Bank a copy of all notices received from the Borrower pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement or the other Loan Documents promptly upon receipt thereof. The Agent shall promptly notify the Borrower and the other Banks of each change in the Base Rate and the effective date thereof.
Section 9.11 Banks in Their Individual Capacities; Agents in Its Individual Capacity. With respect to its Revolving Credit Commitment, the Revolving Credit Loans and any Bid Loans made by it and any other rights and powers given to it as a Bank hereunder or under any of the other Loan Documents, the Agent shall have the same rights and powers hereunder as any other Bank and may exercise the same as though it were not the Agent, and the term "Bank" and "Banks" shall, unless the context otherwise indicates, include the Agent in its individual capacity. ABN AMRO Bank and its Affiliates and each of the Banks and their respective Affiliates may, without liability to account, except as prohibited herein, make loans to, issue letters of credit for the account of, acquire equity interests in, accept deposits from, discount drafts for, act as trustee under indentures of, and generally engage in any kind of banking, trust, financial advisory, underwriting or other business with, the Borrower and its Subsidiaries and their Affiliates, in the case of the Agent, as though it were not acting as Agent hereunder and in the case of each Bank, as though such Bank were not a Bank hereunder, in each case without
-48-
notice to or consent of the other Banks. The Banks acknowledge that, pursuant to such activities, the Agent or its Affiliates may (i) receive information regarding the Borrower and any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates (including information that may be subject to confidentiality obligations in favor of the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates) and acknowledge that the Agent shall be under no obligation to provide such information to them, and (ii) accept fees and other consideration from the Borrower and any of its Subsidiaries for services in connection with this Agreement and otherwise without having to account for the same to the Banks.
Section 9.12 Holders of Notes. The Agent may deem and treat any payee of any Note as the owner thereof for all purposes hereof unless and until written notice of the assignment or transfer thereof shall have been filed with the Agent. Any request, authority or consent of any Person who at the time of making such request or giving such authority or consent is the holder of any Note shall be conclusive and binding on any subsequent holder, transferee or assignee of such Note or of any Note or Notes issued in exchange therefor.
Section 9.13 Equalization of Banks. The Banks and the holders of any participations in any Commitments or Loans or other rights or obligations of a Bank hereunder agree among themselves that, with respect to all amounts received by any Bank or any such holder for application on any Obligation hereunder or under any such participation, whether received by voluntary payment, by realization upon security, by the exercise of the right of set-off or banker's lien, by counterclaim, or by any other non-pro rata source, equitable adjustment will be made in the manner stated in the following sentence so that, in effect, all such excess amounts will be shared ratably among the Banks and such holders in proportion to their interests in payments on the Loans, except as otherwise provided in Section 3.04(c) [Agent's and Bank's Rights], Section 4.04(b)
[Replacement of a Bank] or Section 4.06 [Additional Compensation in Certain Circumstances]. The Banks or any such holder receiving any such amount shall purchase for cash from each of the other Banks an interest in such Bank's Loans in such amount as shall result in a ratable participation by the Banks and each such holder in the aggregate unpaid amount of the Loans, provided that if all or any portion of such excess amount is thereafter recovered from the Bank or the holder making such purchase, such purchase shall be rescinded and the purchase price restored to the extent of such recovery, together with interest or other amounts, if any, required by law (including court order) to be paid by the Bank or the holder making such purchase.
Section 9.14 Successor Agent. The Agent (i) may resign as Agent or
(ii) shall resign if such resignation is required by Section 4.04(b)
[Replacement of a Bank], in either case of (i) or (ii) by giving not less than thirty (30) days' prior written notice to the Borrower. If the Agent shall resign under this Agreement, then either (a) the Required Banks shall appoint from among the Banks a successor agent for the Banks, subject to the consent of the Borrower, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, or (b) if a successor agent shall not be so appointed and approved within the thirty (30) day period following the Agent's notice to the Banks of its resignation, then the Agent shall appoint, with the consent of the Borrower, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, a successor agent who shall serve as Agent until such time as the Required Banks appoint and the Borrower consents to the appointment of a successor agent. Upon its appointment pursuant to either clause (a) or (b) above, such successor agent shall succeed to the rights, powers and duties of the Agent, and the term "Agent" shall mean such successor agent, effective upon its appointment, and the former Agent's rights, powers and duties as Agent shall be terminated without any other or further act or deed on the part of such former Agent or any of the parties to this Agreement. After the resignation of any Agent hereunder, the provisions of this ARTICLE IX shall inure to the benefit of such former Agent and such former Agent shall not by reason of such resignation be deemed to be released from liability for any actions taken or not taken by it while it was an Agent under this Agreement.
-49-
Section 9.15 Agent's Fee. The Borrower shall pay to the Agent a nonrefundable fee (the "Bid Loan Processing Fee") in connection with processing Bid Loans and a nonrefundable fee (the "Agent's Fee") for Agent's services hereunder under the terms of a letter (the "Agent's Letter") between the Borrower and Agent, as amended from time to time.
Section 9.16 Availability of Funds. The Agent may assume that each Bank has made or will make the proceeds of a Loan available to the Agent unless the Agent shall have been notified by such Bank on or before the later of (1) the close of Business on the Business Day preceding the Borrowing Date with respect to such Loan or two (2) hours before the time on which the Agent actually funds the proceeds of such Loan to the Borrower (whether using its own funds pursuant to this Section 9.16 or using proceeds deposited with the Agent by the Banks and whether such funding occurs before or after the time on which Banks are required to deposit the proceeds of such Loan with the Agent). The Agent may, in reliance upon such assumption (but shall not be required to), make available to the Borrower a corresponding amount. If such corresponding amount is not in fact made available to the Agent by such Bank, the Agent shall be entitled to recover such amount on demand from such Bank (or, if such Bank fails to pay such amount forthwith upon such demand from the Borrower) together with interest thereon, in respect of each day during the period commencing on the date such amount was made available to the Borrower and ending on the date the Agent recovers such amount, at a rate per annum equal to (i) the Federal Funds Effective Rate during the first three (3) days after such interest shall begin to accrue and (ii) the applicable interest rate in respect of such Loan after the end of such three-day period.
Section 9.17 Calculations. In the absence of gross negligence or willful misconduct, the Agent shall not be liable for any error in computing the amount payable to any Bank whether in respect of the Loans, fees or any other amounts due to the Banks under this Agreement. In the event an error in computing any amount payable to any Bank is made, the Agent, the Borrower and each affected Bank shall, forthwith upon discovery of such error, make such adjustments as shall be required to correct such error, and any compensation therefor will be calculated at the Federal Funds Effective Rate.
Section 9.18 Beneficiaries. Except as expressly provided herein, the provisions of this ARTICLE IX are solely for the benefit of the Agent and the Banks, and the Borrower and its Subsidiaries shall not have any rights to rely on or enforce any of the provisions hereof. In performing its functions and duties under this Agreement, the Agent shall act solely as agent of the Banks and does not assume and shall not be deemed to have assumed any obligation toward or relationship of agency or trust with or for the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries.
ARTICLE X - MISCELLANEOUS
Section 10.01 Modifications, Amendments, or Waivers. With the written consent of the Required Banks, the Agent, acting on behalf of all the Banks, and the Borrower may from time to time enter into written agreements amending or changing any provision of this Agreement or any other Loan Document or the rights of the Banks or the Borrower hereunder or thereunder, or may grant written waivers or consents to a departure from the due performance of the Obligations hereunder or thereunder. Any such agreement, waiver or consent made with such written consent shall be effective to bind all the Banks and the Borrower; provided, that, without the written consent of all the Banks, no such agreement, waiver, or consent may be made which will:
(a) Increase of Commitment; Extension of Expiration Date. Increase the amount of the Revolving Credit Commitment of any Bank hereunder or extend the Expiration Date;
-50-
(b) Extension of Payment; Reduction of Principal Interest or Fees; Modification of Terms of Payment. Whether or not any Loans are outstanding, extend the time for payment of principal or interest of any Loan (excluding the due date of any mandatory prepayment of a Loan or any mandatory Commitment reduction in connection with such a mandatory prepayment hereunder except for mandatory reductions of the Commitments on the Expiration Date), the Facility Fee, or any other fee payable to any Bank, or reduce the principal amount of or the rate of interest borne by any Loan or reduce the Facility Fee or any other fee payable to any Bank, or otherwise affect the terms of payment of the principal of or interest of any Loan, the Facility Fee or any other fee payable to any Bank;
(c) Release of Collateral or Guarantor. Release any Guarantor from its Obligations under the Guaranty Agreement or any other security for any of the Obligations except as otherwise may be permitted by the terms hereof or of the instrument establishing the Lien; or
(d) Miscellaneous. Amend Section 4.02 [Pro Rata Treatment of Banks], Section 9.06 [Exculpatory Provisions, Etc.] or Section 9.13
[Equalization of Banks] or this Section 10.01, alter any provision regarding the pro rata treatment of the Banks, change the definition of Required Banks, or change any requirement providing for the Banks or the Required Banks to authorize the taking of any action hereunder;
provided, further, that no agreement, waiver or consent which would modify the interests, rights or obligations of the Agent in its capacity as Agent or as an issuer of letters of credit shall be effective without the written consent of the Agent.
Section 10.02 No Implied Waivers; Cumulative Remedies; Writing Required. No course of dealing and no delay or failure of the Agent or any Bank in exercising any right, power, remedy or privilege under this Agreement or any other Loan Document shall affect any other or future exercise thereof or operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise thereof or any abandonment or discontinuance of steps to enforce such a right, power, remedy or privilege preclude any further exercise thereof or of any other right, power, remedy or privilege. The rights and remedies of the Agent and the Banks under this Agreement and any other Loan Documents are cumulative and not exclusive of any rights or remedies which they would otherwise have. Any waiver, permit, consent or approval of any kind or character on the part of any Bank of any breach or default under this Agreement or any such waiver of any provision or condition of this Agreement must be in writing and shall be effective only to the extent specifically set forth in such writing.
Section 10.03 Reimbursement and Indemnification of Banks by the Borrower; Taxes. The Borrower agrees unconditionally upon demand to pay or reimburse to each Bank (other than the Agent, as to which the Borrower's Obligations are set forth in Section 9.05 [Reimbursement of Agent By Borrower, Etc.]) and to save such Bank harmless against (i) liability for the payment of all reasonable out-of-pocket costs, expenses and disbursements (including fees and expenses of counsel for each Bank except with respect to (a) and (b) below), incurred by such Bank (a) in connection with the review, execution, delivery, administration, or interpretation of this Agreement, and other instruments and documents to be delivered hereunder, (b) relating to any amendments, waivers, or consents pursuant to the provisions hereof, (c) in connection with the enforcement of this Agreement or any other Loan Document, or collection of amounts due hereunder or thereunder or the proof and allowability of any claim arising under this Agreement or any other Loan Document, whether in bankruptcy or receivership proceedings or otherwise, and (d) in any workout or restructuring or in connection with the protection, preservation, exercise, or enforcement of any of the terms hereof or of any rights hereunder or under any other Loan Document or in connection with any foreclosure, collection, or bankruptcy proceedings, or
-51-
(ii) all liabilities, obligations, losses, damages, penalties, actions, judgments, suits, costs, expenses, or disbursements of any kind or nature whatsoever which may be imposed on, incurred by or asserted against such Bank, in its capacity as such, in any way relating to or arising out of this Agreement or any other Loan Documents or any action taken or omitted by such Bank hereunder or thereunder, provided that the Borrower shall not be liable to a Bank for any portion of such liabilities, obligations, losses, damages, penalties, actions, judgments, suits, costs, expenses, or disbursements (A) if the same results from such Bank's gross negligence or willful misconduct, or (B) if the Borrower was not given notice of the subject claim and the opportunity to participate in the defense thereof, at its expense (except that the Borrower shall remain liable to the extent such failure to give notice does not result in a loss to the Borrower), or (C) if the same results from a compromise or settlement agreement entered into without the consent of the Borrower, which shall not be unreasonably withheld. The Banks will attempt to minimize the fees and expenses of legal counsel for the Banks which are subject to reimbursement by the Borrower hereunder by considering the usage of one law firm to represent the Banks and the Agent if appropriate under the circumstances. The Borrower agrees unconditionally to pay all stamp, document, transfer, recording or filing taxes or fees and similar impositions now or hereafter determined by the Agent or any Bank to be payable in connection with this Agreement or any other Loan Document, and the Borrower agrees unconditionally to save the Agent and the Banks harmless from and against any and all present or future claims, liabilities or losses with respect to or resulting from any omission to pay or delay in paying any such taxes, fees or impositions.
Section 10.04 Holidays. Whenever payment of a Loan to be made or taken hereunder shall be due on a day which is not a Business Day such payment shall be due on the next Business Day (except as provided in the definition of Committed Loan Interest Period with respect to Interest Periods under the Euro-Rate Option) and such extension of time shall be included in computing interest and fees, except that the Loans shall be due on the Business Day preceding the Expiration Date if the Expiration Date is not a Business Day. Whenever any payment or action to be made or taken hereunder (other than payment of the Loans) shall be stated to be due on a day which is not a Business Day, such payment or action shall be made or taken on the next following Business Day, and such extension of time shall not be included in computing interest or fees, if any, in connection with such payment or action.
Section 10.05 Funding by Branch, Subsidiary, or Affiliate.
(a) Notional Funding. Each Bank shall have the right from time to time, without notice to the Borrower, to deem any branch, Subsidiary, or Affiliate (which for the purposes of this Section 10.05 shall mean any corporation or association which is directly or indirectly controlled by or is under direct or indirect common control with any corporation or association which directly or indirectly controls such Bank) of such Bank to have made, maintained, or funded any Loan to which the Euro-Rate Option applies at any time, provided that immediately following (on the assumption that a payment were then due from the Borrower to such other office), and as a result of such change, the Borrower would not be under any greater financial obligation pursuant to Section 4.06 [Additional Compensation in Certain Circumstances] than it would have been in the absence of such change. Notional funding offices may be selected by each Bank without regard to such Bank's actual methods of making, maintaining or funding the Loans or any sources of funding actually used by or available to such Bank.
(b) Actual Funding. Each Bank shall have the right from time to time to make or maintain any Loan by arranging for a branch, Subsidiary or Affiliate of such Bank to make or maintain such Loan subject to the last sentence of this Section 10.05(b). If any Bank causes a branch, Subsidiary or Affiliate to make or maintain any part of the Loans hereunder, all terms and conditions of this Agreement shall, except where the context clearly requires otherwise, be applicable to such part of the
-52-
Loans to the same extent as if such Loans were made or maintained by such Bank, but in no event shall any Bank's use of such a branch, Subsidiary or Affiliate to make or maintain any part of the Loans hereunder cause such Bank or such branch, Subsidiary or Affiliate to incur any cost or expenses payable by the Borrower hereunder or require the Borrower to pay any other compensation to any Bank (including any expenses incurred or payable pursuant to Section 4.06
[Additional Compensation in Certain Circumstances]) which would otherwise not be incurred.
Section 10.06 Notices. Any notice, request, demand, direction, or other communication (for purposes of this Section 10.06 only, a "Notice") to be given to or made upon any party hereto under any provision of this Agreement shall be given or made by telephone or in writing (which includes means of electronic transmission (i.e., "e-mail") or facsimile transmission in accordance with this Section 10.06. Any such Notice must be delivered to the applicable parties hereto at the addresses and numbers set forth under their respective names on Schedule 1.01(B) hereof or in accordance with any subsequent unrevoked Notice from any such party that is given in accordance with this Section 10.06. Any Notice shall be effective:
(A) In the case of hand-delivery, when delivered;
(B) If given by mail, four days after such Notice is deposited with the United States Postal Service, with first-class postage prepaid, return receipt requested;
(C) In the case of a telephonic Notice, when a party is contacted by telephone, if delivery of such telephonic Notice is confirmed no later than the next Business Day by hand delivery, a facsimile or electronic transmission, a Website Posting or overnight courier delivery of a confirmatory notice (received at or before noon on such next Business Day);
(D) In the case of a facsimile transmission, when sent to the applicable party's facsimile machine's telephone number if the party sending such Notice receives confirmation of the delivery thereof from its own facsimile machine;
(E) In the case of electronic transmission, when actually received;
(F) In the case of a Website Posting, upon delivery of a Notice of such posting (including the information necessary to access such web site) by another means set forth in this Section 10.06; and
(G) If given by any other means (including by overnight courier), when actually received.
Any Bank giving a Notice to the Borrower or any Material Subsidiary shall concurrently send a copy thereof to the Agent, and the Agent shall promptly notify the other Banks of its receipt of such Notice.
Section 10.07 Severability. The provisions of this Agreement are intended to be severable. If any provision of this Agreement shall be held invalid or unenforceable in whole or in part in any jurisdiction, such provision shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such invalidity or unenforceability without in any manner affecting the validity or enforceability thereof in any other jurisdiction or the remaining provisions hereof in any jurisdiction.
Section 10.08 Governing Law. This Agreement shall be construed and enforced in
-53-
accordance with, and the rights of the parties shall be governed by, the Laws of the State of New York applicable to contracts made and to be performed in said State.
Section 10.09 Prior Understanding. This Agreement and the other Loan Documents supersede all prior understandings and agreements, whether written or oral, between the parties hereto and thereto relating to the transactions provided for herein and therein, including any prior confidentiality agreements and commitments.
Section 10.10 Duration; Survival. All representations and warranties of the Borrower and the Material Subsidiaries contained herein or made in connection herewith shall survive the making of Loans and shall not be waived by the execution and delivery of this Agreement, any investigation by the Agent or the Banks, the making of Loans, or payment in full of the Loans. All covenants and agreements of the Borrower contained in Section 7.01 [Affirmative Covenants], Section 7.02 [Negative Covenants] and Section 7.03 [Reporting Requirements], and all comparable covenants and agreements contained in or incorporated into the Guarantor Joinder given by each Material Subsidiary pursuant to Section 10.18, shall continue in full force and effect from and after the date hereof so long as the Borrower may borrow hereunder and until termination of the Commitments and payment in full of the Loans. All covenants and agreements of the Borrower contained herein relating to the payment of principal, interest, premiums, additional compensation or expenses and indemnification, including those set forth in ARTICLE IV [Payments] and Section
9.05 [Reimbursement of Agent by Borrower, Etc.], Section 9.07 [Reimbursement of Agent by Banks, Etc.] and Section 10.03 [Reimbursement of Banks by Borrower; Etc.], and all comparable covenants and agreements contained in or incorporated into the Guarantor Joinder given by each Material Subsidiary pursuant to Section 10.18, shall survive payment in full of the Loans and termination of the Commitments.
Section 10.11 Successors and Assigns.
(a) This Agreement shall be binding upon and shall inure to the benefit of the Banks, the Agent, the Borrower and the Material Subsidiaries, and their respective successors and assigns, except that no Borrower or any Material Subsidiary may assign or transfer any of its rights or Obligations or any interest herein or in any other Loan Document, except as may be permitted by the terms hereof. Each Bank may, at its own cost, make assignments of or sell participations in all or any part of its Revolving Credit Commitments and the Loans made by it to one or more banks or other entities, subject to the consent of the Borrower and the Agent with respect to any assignee, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, provided that (1) no consent of the Borrower shall be required (A) if an Event of Default exists and is continuing, or (B) in the case of an assignment by a Bank to an Affiliate of such Bank, (2) any assignment by a Bank to a Person other than an Affiliate of such Bank may not be made in amounts less than the lesser of $5,000,000 or the amount of the assigning Bank's Commitment, (3) a Bank may assign an interest or sell a participation in less than 100% of its Commitments, Committed Loans, or Bid Loans, provided that such Bank sells an equal percentage interest or participation in each of its Revolving Credit Commitment and Revolving Credit Loans, and (4) a Bank may assign a Bid Loan to another Person without assigning any portion of its Commitment to such Person. In the case of an assignment, upon receipt by the Agent of the Assignment and Assumption Agreement, the assignee shall have, to the extent of such assignment (unless otherwise provided therein), the same rights, benefits and obligations as it would have if it had been a signatory Bank hereunder, the Commitments shall be adjusted accordingly, and upon surrender of any Revolving Credit Note subject to such assignment, the Borrower shall execute and deliver a new Revolving Credit Note to the assignee, if such assignee requests such a Note in an amount equal to the amount of the Revolving Credit Commitment assumed by it and a new Revolving Credit Note to the assigning Bank, if the assigning
-54-
Bank requests such a Note with respect to the Commitment it has retained. The assigning Bank shall surrender its Bid Note and the Borrower shall execute and deliver to the assignee (and to the assignor if the assignor is assigning less than all of its Revolving Credit Commitments and Bid Loans) a new Bid Note in the form of Exhibit 1.01(B) as appropriate. Any Bank which assigns any or all of its Commitment or Loans to a Person other than an Affiliate of such Bank shall pay to the Agent a service fee in the amount of $3,500 for each assignment. In the case of a participation, the participant shall only have the rights specified in Section 8.02(c) [Set-off] (the participant's rights against such Bank in respect of such participation to be those set forth in the agreement executed by such Bank in favor of the participant relating thereto and not to include any voting rights except with respect to changes of the type referenced in Section 10.01(a) [Increase of Commitment, Etc.], Section 10.01(b) [Extension of Payment, Etc.], or Section 10.01(c) [Release of Collateral or Guarantor]), all of such Bank's obligations under this Agreement or any other Loan Document shall remain unchanged, and all amounts payable by the Borrower or any Material Subsidiary hereunder or thereunder shall be determined as if such Bank had not sold such participation.
(b) Any assignee or participant which is not incorporated under the Laws of the United States of America or a state thereof shall deliver to the Borrower and the Agent the form of certificate described in Section 10.17 [Tax Withholding Clause] relating to federal income tax withholding. Each Bank may furnish any publicly available information concerning the Borrower or its Subsidiaries and any other information concerning the Borrower or its Subsidiaries in the possession of such Bank from time to time to assignees and participants (including prospective assignees or participants), provided that such assignees and participants agree to be bound by the provisions of Section
10.12 [Confidentiality].
(c) Notwithstanding any other provision in this Agreement, any Bank may at any time pledge or grant a security interest in all or any portion of its rights under this Agreement, its Note (if any) and the other Loan Documents to any Federal Reserve Bank without notice to or consent of the Borrower or the Agent. No such pledge or grant of a security interest shall release the transferor Bank of its obligations hereunder or under any other Loan Document.
Section 10.12 Confidentiality.
(a) General. The Agent and the Banks each agree to keep confidential all information obtained from the Borrower or its Subsidiaries which is nonpublic and confidential or proprietary in nature (including any information the Borrower specifically designates as confidential), except as provided below, and to use such information only in connection with their respective capacities under this Agreement and for the purposes contemplated hereby. The Agent and the Banks shall be permitted to disclose such information
(i) to outside legal counsel, accountants and other professional advisors who need to know such information in connection with the administration and enforcement of this Agreement, subject to agreement of such Persons to maintain the confidentiality of such information as provided herein, (ii) to assignees and participants as contemplated by Section 10.11, and prospective assignees and participants, provided that Agent exercises its best efforts to obtain the agreement of such prospective assignees and participants to be bound by the confidentiality provisions hereof, (iii) to the extent requested by any bank regulatory authority or, with notice to the Borrower, as otherwise required by applicable Law or by any subpoena or similar legal process, or in connection with any investigation or proceeding arising out of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, (iv) if it becomes publicly available other than as a result of a breach of this Agreement or becomes available from a source not known to be subject to confidentiality restrictions, or (v) if the Borrower shall have consented to such disclosure.
-55-
(b) Sharing Information With Affiliates of the Banks. The Borrower acknowledges that from time to time financial advisory, investment banking, and other services may be offered or provided to the Borrower or one or more of its Affiliates (in connection with this Agreement or otherwise) by any Bank or by one or more Subsidiaries or Affiliates of such Bank and the Borrower hereby authorizes each Bank to share any information delivered to such Bank by the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries pursuant to this Agreement, or in connection with the decision of such Bank to enter into this Agreement, to any such Subsidiary or Affiliate of such Bank, it being understood that any such Subsidiary or Affiliate of any Bank receiving such information shall be bound by the provisions of Section 10.12(a) as if it were a Bank hereunder. Such authorization shall survive the repayment of the Loans and other Obligations and the termination of the Commitments.
Section 10.13 Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed by different parties hereto on any number of separate counterparts, each ofwhich, when so executed and delivered, shall be an original, and all such counterparts shall together constitute one and the same instrument.
Section 10.14 Agent's or Bank's Consent. Whenever the Agent's or any Bank's consent is required to be obtained under this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents as a condition to any action, inaction, condition or event, the Agent and each Bank shall be authorized to give or withhold such consent in its sole and absolute discretion and to condition its consent upon the giving of additional collateral, the payment of money or any other matter.
Section 10.15 Exceptions. The representations, warranties and covenants contained herein shall be independent of each other, and no exception to any representation, warranty or covenant shall be deemed to be an exception to any other representation, warranty or covenant contained herein unless expressly provided, nor shall any such exceptions be deemed to permit any action or omission that would be in contravention of applicable Law.
Section 10.16 CONSENT TO FORUM; WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. EACH LOAN PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY CONSENTS TO THE NONEXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF ANY NEW YORK STATE COURT OR FEDERAL COURT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA SITTING IN NEW YORK CITY, AND WAIVES PERSONAL SERVICE OF ANY AND ALL PROCESS UPON IT AND CONSENTS THAT ALL SUCH SERVICE OF PROCESS BE MADE BY CERTIFIED OR REGISTERED MAIL DIRECTED TO SUCH LOAN PARTY AT THE ADDRESSES PROVIDED FOR IN SECTION 10.06 AND SERVICE SO MADE SHALL BE DEEMED TO BE COMPLETED UPON ACTUAL RECEIPT THEREOF. EACH LOAN PARTY WAIVES ANY OBJECTION TO JURISDICTION AND VENUE OF ANY ACTION INSTITUTED AGAINST IT AS PROVIDED HEREIN AND AGREES NOT TO ASSERT ANY DEFENSE BASED ON LACK OF JURISDICTION OR VENUE.
EACH LOAN PARTY, THE AGENT, AND EACH OF THE BANKS HEREBY WAIVES TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY ACTION, SUIT, PROCEEDING, OR COUNTERCLAIM OF ANY KIND ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THIS AGREEMENT, ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT, OR ANY COLLATERAL TO THE FULL EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW.
Section 10.17 Tax Withholding Clause. Each Bank or assignee or participant of a Bank that is not incorporated under the Laws of the United States of America or a state thereof (and, upon the written request of the Agent, each other Bank or assignee or participant of a Bank) agrees that it will deliver to each of the Borrower and the Agent two (2) duly completed appropriate valid Withholding
-56-
Certificates (as defined under (S) 1.1441-1(c)(16) of the Income Tax Regulations (the "Regulations")) certifying its status (i.e. U.S. or foreign person) and, if appropriate, making a claim of reduced, or exemption from, U.S. withholding tax on the basis of an income tax treaty or an exemption provided by the Internal Revenue Code. The term "Withholding Certificate" means a Form W-9; a Form W-8BEN; a Form W-8ECI; a Form W-8IMY and the related statements and certifications as required under (S) 1.1441-1(e)(2) and/or (3) of the Regulations; a statement described in (S) 1.871-14(c)(2)(v) of the Regulations; or any other certificates under the Internal Revenue Code or Regulations that certify or establish the status of a payee or beneficial owner as a U.S. or foreign person. Each Bank, assignee or participant required to deliver to the Borrower and the Agent a Withholding Certificate pursuant to the preceding sentence shall deliver such valid Withholding Certificate as follows: (A) each Bank which is a party hereto on the Closing Date shall deliver such valid Withholding Certificate at least five (5) Business Days prior to the first date on which any interest or fees are payable by the Borrower hereunder for the account of such Bank; (B) each assignee or participant shall deliver such valid Withholding Certificate at least five (5) Business Days before the effective date of such assignment or participation (unless the Agent in its sole discretion shall permit such assignee or participant to deliver such valid Withholding Certificate less than five (5) Business Days before such date in which case it shall be due on the date specified by the Agent). Each Bank, assignee or participant which so delivers a valid Withholding Certificate further undertakes to deliver to each of the Borrower and the Agent two (2) additional copies of such Withholding Certificate (or a successor form) on or before the date that such Withholding Certificate expires or becomes obsolete or after the occurrence of any event requiring a change in the most recent Withholding Certificate so delivered by it, and such amendments thereto or extensions or renewals thereof as may be reasonably requested by the Borrower or the Agent. Notwithstanding the submission of a Withholding Certificate claiming a reduced rate of or exemption from U.S. withholding tax, the Agent shall be entitled to withhold United States federal income taxes at the full 30% withholding rate if in its reasonable judgment it is required to do so under the due diligence requirements imposed upon a withholding agent under (S) 1.1441-7(b) of the Regulations. Further, the Agent is indemnified under (S) 1.1461-1(e) of the Regulations against any claims and demands of any Bank or assignee or participant of a Bank for the amount of any tax it deducts and withholds in accordance with regulations under (S) 1441 of the Internal Revenue Code.
Section 10.18 Joinder of Guarantors. Any Material Subsidiary of the Borrower which is required to be a Guarantor pursuant to Section 7.02(i)
[Subsidiaries, Partnerships and Joint Ventures] shall execute and deliver to the Agent (i) a Guarantor Joinder in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit 1.01(G)(1) pursuant to which it shall join as a Guarantor each of the documents to which the Guarantors are parties; and (ii) documents in the forms described in Section 6.01 [First Loans] modified as appropriate to relate to such Subsidiary. The Borrower shall deliver such Guarantor Joinder and related documents to the Agent within five (5) Business Days after, as the case may be, the date of the acquisition of such Subsidiary, the date upon which a Subsidiary meets the criteria for a Material Subsidiary as set forth in the definition thereof in Section 1.01, or the date the filing of such Subsidiary's certificate or articles of incorporation if the Subsidiary is a corporation, the date of the filing of its certificate of limited partnership if it is a limited partnership or the date of its organization if it is an entity other than a limited partnership or corporation.
[SIGNATURE PAGES FOLLOW]
-57-
[SIGNATURE PAGE 1 OF 6 TO CREDIT AGREEMENT]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto, by their officers thereunto duly authorized, have executed this Agreement as of the day and year first above written.
ACE GUARANTY RE INC.
By: ______________________________________
Name:
Title:
[SIGNATURE PAGE 2 OF 6 TO CREDIT AGREEMENT]
ABN AMRO BANK N.V.
By: ______________________________________
Name:
Title:
By: ______________________________________
Name:
Title:
[SIGNATURE PAGE 3 OF 6 TO CREDIT AGREEMENT]
BANK OF AMERICA N.A.
By: ______________________________________
Name:
Title:
[SIGNATURE PAGE 4 OF 6 TO CREDIT AGREEMENT]
COMMERZBANK AG, New York and Grand Cayman Branches
By: ______________________________________________
Name:
Title:
By:_______________________________________________
Name:
Title:
[SIGNATURE PAGE 5 OF 6 TO CREDIT AGREEMENT]
FLEET NATIONAL BANK
By:_________________________________
Name:
Title:
[SIGNATURE PAGE 6 OF 6 TO CREDIT AGREEMENT]
WESTDEUTSCHE LANDESBANK GIROZENTRALE, New
York Branch
By:___________________________________
Name:
Title:
By:___________________________________
Name:
Title:
 
SCHEDULE 1.01(A)
PRICING GRID

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                         Revolving          Revolving       All-in Drawn                      All-in Drawn
                      Facility Fee      Credit Base       Credit Euro-        (@EURO-            Usage           (@EURO
                                        Rate Spread        Rate Spread       RATE) when         Premium        -RATE) when
                                        - Applicable       - Applicable     usage is ***                       usage is **
                                           Margin            Margin              33%                               33%
     Pricing         (Basis Points     (Basis Points     (Basis Points     (Basis Points     (Basis Points    (Basis Points
      Level            per Annum)        per Annum)        per Annum)        per Annum)        per Annum)       per Annum)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Level I              9.0               0.00              21.0              30.0              5.0             35.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Level II            10.0               0.00              30.0              40.0             10.0             50.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Level III           14.0               0.00              46.0              60.0             15.0             75.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Level IV            16.5               0.00              68.5              85.0             15.0            100.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Level V             21.5               0.00              88.5             110.0             25.0            135.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	

For purposes of this Pricing Grid, capitalized terms not otherwise defined in this Pricing Grid shall have the respective meanings ascribed to them in the Credit Agreement and the following terms have the meanings set forth below, subject to the concluding paragraph of this Pricing Grid:
"Level I Pricing" applies on any day on which the Borrower's Insurer Financial Strength Rating is rated AAA by S&P or the Borrower's Insurer Financial Strength Rating is rated Aaa by Moody's.
"Level II Pricing" applies on any day on which (i) the Borrower's Insurer Financial Strength Rating is rated AA+ or higher by S&P or the Borrower's Insurer Financial Strength Rating is rated Aa1 or higher by Moody's and (ii) Level I Pricing does not apply.
"Level III Pricing" applies on any day on which (i) the Borrower's Insurer Financial Strength Rating is rated AA or higher by S&P or the Borrower's Insurer Financial Strength Rating is rated Aa2 or higher by Moody's and (ii) neither Level I Pricing nor Level II Pricing applies.
"Level IV Pricing" applies on any day on which (i) the Borrower's Insurer Financial Strength Rating is rated AA- or higher by S&P or the Borrower's Insurer Financial Strength Rating is rated Aa3 or higher by Moody's and (ii) none of Level I Pricing, Level II Pricing and Level III Pricing applies.
"Level V Pricing" applies on any day if no other Pricing Level applies on such day.
"Moody's" means Moody's Investors Service, Inc.
SCHEDULE 1.01(A)-1
** Denotes Greater than
*** Denotes Less than or equal to
"Pricing Level" refers to the determination of which of Level I, Level II, Level III, Level IV, or Level V Pricing applies on any day.
"S&P" means Standard & Poor's Ratings Services, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
The "Usage" applicable to any date is the percentage equivalent of a fraction the numerator of which is the sum of the aggregate outstanding principal amount of all Loans outstanding under the Facility at such date and the denominator of which is the total amount of the Facility at such date.
The ratings in effect for any day are those in effect at the close of business on such day.
In the case of split ratings from S&P and Moody's, the rating to be used to determine the applicable Pricing Level is the higher of the two (e.g., AAA/Aa1 results in Level I Pricing); provided that if the split is more than one full rating, the intermediate (or higher of the two intermediate ratings) will be used (e.g. AAA/Aa2 results in Level II Pricing; or AAA/Aa3 results in Level II).
SCHEDULE 1.01(A)-2
SCHEDULE 1.01(B)
COMMITMENTS OF BANKS AND ADDRESSES FOR NOTICES
Page 1 of 2
Part 1 - Commitments of Banks and Addresses for Notices to Banks

                                                      Amount of
                                                      Commitment
                                                    for Revolving
               Bank                                  Credit Loans         Commitment         Ratable Share
               ----                                  ------------         ----------         -------------
Name: ABN AMRO Bank N.V.
Address: Park Avenue Plaza
55 East 52nd Street
New York, NY 10055
Attention: Neil Stein
Telephone: 212-409-1489                              $ 24,000,000        $ 24,000,000             24.0%
Telecopy:  212-409-1718

Name: Bank of America N.A.
Address: 231 S. LaSalle Street
10th Floor
Chicago, IL 60697
Attention: Debra Basler
Telephone: 312-828-3734                              $ 16,000,000        $ 16,000,000             16.0%
Telecopy:  312-987-0889

Name: Commerzbank AG, New York and
Grand Cayman Branches
Address: 2 World Financial Center
New York, NY 10281-1050
Attention: Werner E. Samuel
Telephone: 212-266-7695
Telecopy:  212-266-7629                              $ 20,000,000        $ 20,000,000             20.0%

Name: Fleet National Bank
Address: 777 Main Street
Mail Stop: CT EH 40225C
Hartford, CT 06115-2001
Attention: George J. Urban
Telephone: 860-952-7565                              $ 20,000,000        $ 20,000,000             20.0%
Telecopy:  860-952-7604

Name: Westdeutsche Landesbank Girozentrale,
New York Branch
Address: 1211 Avenue of the Americas
23rd Floor
New York, NY 10036
Attention: Lillian Tung Lum                          $ 20,000,000        $ 20,000,000             20.0%
Telephone: 212-852-6046
Telecopy:  212-852-6156

         Total                                       $100,000,000        $100,000,000            100.0%
                                                      ===========         ===========            =====	

SCHEDULE 1.01(B)-1
SCHEDULE 1.01(B)
COMMITMENTS OF BANKS AND ADDRESSES FOR NOTICES
Page 2 of 2
Part 2 - Addresses for Notices to Borrower and Guarantors:
AGENT
Notices related to commitments, covenants or extensions of expiry/termination dates:
ABN AMRO Bank N.V.
 208 South LaSalle Street, Suite 1500
Chicago, IL 60604-1003
Attn: Agency Services
E-Mail: josephine.o'brien@abnamro.com
FAX: 312-601-3610
ABN AMRO Bank N.V.
 208 South LaSalle Street, Suite 1500
Chicago, IL 60604-1003
Attn: Credit Administration
E-Mail: teresa.weirath@abnamro.com
FAX: 312-992-5111
ABN AMRO Bank N.V.
 55 East 52nd Street
New York, NY 10055
Attn: Neil Stein
E-Mail: neil.stein@abnamro.com
FAX: (212) 409-1718
Notices related to Loans, Interest and Fees and all required Financial Information:
ABN AMRO Bank N.V.
 208 South LaSalle Street, Suite 1500
Chicago, IL 60604-1003
Attn: Agency Services
E-Mail: josephine.o'brien@abnamro.com
FAX: 312-601-3610
SCHEDULE 1.01(B)-2
BORROWER:
Name: ACE Guaranty Re Inc.
Address: 1325 Avenue of the Americas
New York, NY 10019
Attention: Donald H. Paston
Telephone: 212-974-0100
Telecopy: 212-581-3268
With a mandatory copy to:
Name: ACE Guaranty Re Inc.
Address: 1325 Avenue of the Americas
New York, NY 10019
Attention: Geraldine Alfino Egler, Esq.
Telephone: 212-261-5597
Telecopy: 212-581-3268
SCHEDULE 1.01(B)-3
 
Exhibit 10.62
CONTINUING AGREEMENT OF GUARANTY
This Continuing Agreement of Guaranty (this "Guaranty"), dated as of this 30th day of May, 2002, is given by ACE LIMITED, a company limited by shares organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands (the "Guarantor"), in favor of ABN AMRO Bank N.V., as agent for the Banks (the "Agent"), in connection with that Credit Agreement, dated as of the date hereof, by and among ACE GUARANTY RE INC., a Maryland corporation (the "Borrower"), the Banks now or hereafter party thereto (the "Banks"), the Agent, and Commerzbank AG, New York and Grand Cayman Branches, Fleet National Bank and Westdeutsche Landesbank Girozentrale, New York Branch, as Co-Documentation Agents (as amended, restated, modified, or supplemented from time to time hereafter, the "Credit Agreement"). Capitalized terms not otherwise defined herein shall have the respective meanings ascribed to them by the Credit Agreement.
1. Guarantied Obligations. To induce the Agent and the Banks to make loans and grant other financial accommodations to the Borrower under the Credit Agreement, Guarantor hereby unconditionally and irrevocably guaranties to the Agent and each Bank the full and punctual payment and performance when due (whether on demand, at stated maturity, by acceleration, or otherwise and including any amounts which would become due but for the operation of an automatic stay under the federal bankruptcy code of the United States or any similar laws of any country or jurisdiction) of all Obligations, including all Obligations, liabilities, and indebtedness from time to time of the Borrower to the Agent or any of the Banks under or in connection with the Credit Agreement or any other Loan Document, whether for principal, interest, fees, indemnities, expenses, or otherwise, and all refinancings or refundings thereof, whether such obligations, liabilities, or indebtedness are direct or indirect, secured or unsecured, joint or several, absolute or contingent, due or to become due, whether for payment or performance, now existing or hereafter arising (and including obligations, liabilities, and indebtedness arising or accruing after the commencement of any bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, or similar proceeding with respect to the Borrower or which would have arisen or accrued but for the commencement of such proceeding, even if the claim for such obligation, liability, or indebtedness is not enforceable or allowable in such proceeding, and including all obligations, liabilities, and indebtedness arising from any extensions of credit under or in connection with the Loan Documents from time to time, regardless whether any such extensions of credit are in excess of the amount committed under or contemplated by the Loan Documents or are made in circumstances in which any condition to an extension of credit is not satisfied) (all of the foregoing obligations, liabilities and indebtedness are referred to herein collectively as the "Guarantied Obligations" and each as a "Guarantied Obligation"). Without limitation of the foregoing, any of the Guarantied Obligations shall be and remain Guarantied Obligations entitled to the benefit of this Guaranty if the Agent or any of the Banks (or any one or more assignees or transferees thereof) from time to time assign or otherwise transfer all or any portion of their respective rights and obligations under and pursuant to the Loan Documents, or any other Guarantied Obligations, to any other Person. In furtherance of the foregoing, Guarantor agrees as follows.
2. Guaranty. If Borrower at any time fails to fully and punctually pay or perform any of the Guarantied Obligations when due, Guarantor hereby promises to pay and perform all such Guarantied Obligations immediately upon demand of the Agent and the Banks or any one or more of them. All payments made hereunder shall be made by Guarantor in immediately available funds in United States Dollars and shall be made without setoff, counterclaim, withholding, or other deduction of any nature.
3. Obligations Absolute. The obligations of Guarantor hereunder shall not be discharged or impaired or otherwise diminished by any failure, default, omission, or delay, willful or otherwise, by any Bank, the Agent, or Borrower or any other obligor on any of the Guarantied Obligations, or by any other act or thingor omission or delay to do any other act or thing which may or might in any manner or to any
extent vary the risk of Guarantor or would otherwise operate as a discharge of Guarantor as a matter of law or equity. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, Guarantor hereby consents to, at any time and from time to time, and the obligations of Guarantor hereunder shall not be diminished, terminated, or otherwise similarly affected by any of the following:
(a) Any lack of genuineness, legality, validity, enforceability or allowability (in a bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or similar proceeding, or otherwise), or any avoidance or subordination, in whole or in part, of any Loan Document or any of the Guarantied Obligations and regardless of any law, regulation or order now or hereafter in effect in any jurisdiction affecting any of the Guarantied Obligations, any of the terms of the Loan Documents, or any rights of the Agent or the Banks or any other Person with respect thereto;
(b) Any increase, decrease, or change in the amount, nature, type or purpose of any of the Guarantied Obligations (whether or not contemplated by the Loan Documents as presently constituted); any change in the time, manner, method, or place of payment or performance of, or in any other term of, any of the Guarantied Obligations; any execution or delivery of any additional Loan Documents; or any amendment, modification or supplement to, or refinancing or refunding of, any Loan Document or any of the Guarantied Obligations;
(c) Any failure to assert any breach of or default under any Loan Document or any of the Guarantied Obligations; any extensions of credit in excess of the amount committed under or contemplated by the Loan Documents, or in circumstances in which any condition to such extensions of credit has not been satisfied; any other exercise or non-exercise, or any other failure, omission, breach, default, delay, or wrongful action in connection with any exercise or non-exercise, of any right or remedy against the Borrower or any other Person under or in connection with any Loan Document or any of the Guarantied Obligations; any refusal of payment or performance of any of the Guarantied Obligations, whether or not with any reservation of rights against Guarantor or any other guarantor; or any application of collections (including but not limited to collections resulting from realization upon any direct or indirect security for the Guarantied Obligations) to other obligations, if any, not entitled to the benefits of this Guaranty, in preference to Guarantied Obligations entitled to the benefits of this Guaranty, or if any collections are applied to Guarantied Obligations, any application to particular Guarantied Obligations;
(d) Any taking, exchange, amendment, modification, supplement, termination, subordination, release, loss, or impairment of, or any failure to protect, perfect, or preserve the value of, or any enforcement of, realization upon, or exercise of rights, or remedies under or in connection with, or any failure, omission, breach, default, delay, or wrongful action by the Agent or the Banks, or any of them, or any other Person in connection with the enforcement of, realization upon, or exercise of rights or remedies under or in connection with, or any other action or inaction by the Agent or the Banks, or any of them, or any other Person in respect of, any direct or indirect security for any of the Guarantied Obligations. As used in this Guaranty, "direct or indirect security" for the Guarantied Obligations, and similar phrases, includes any collateral security, guaranty, suretyship, letter of credit, capital maintenance agreement, put option, subordination agreement, or other right or arrangement of any nature providing direct or indirect assurance of payment or performance of any of the Guarantied Obligations, made by or on behalf of any Person;
(e) Any merger, consolidation, liquidation, dissolution, winding-up, charter revocation, or forfeiture, or other change in, restructuring or termination of the corporate structure or existence of, the Borrower or any other Person; any bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or similar proceeding with respect to the Borrower or any other Person; or any action taken or election made by the Agent or the Banks, or any of
-2-
them (including any election under Section 1111(b)(2) of the United States Bankruptcy Code), the Borrower, or any other Person in connection with any such proceeding;
(f) Any defense, setoff, or counterclaim which may at any time be available to or be asserted by the Borrower or any other Person with respect to any Loan Document or any of the Guarantied Obligations (other than indefeasible payment and performance of the Guarantied Obligations in full); or any discharge by operation of law or release of the Borrower or any other Person from the performance or observance of any Loan Document or any of the Guarantied Obligations;
(g) Any other event or circumstance, whether similar or dissimilar to the foregoing, and whether known or unknown, which might otherwise constitute a defense available to, or limit the liability of, a guarantor or a surety, excepting only full, strict, and indefeasible payment and performance of the Guarantied Obligations in full.
Guarantor acknowledges, consents, and agrees that other guarantors may guaranty all or any portion of the Guarantied Obligations pursuant to Section 10.18 of the Credit Agreement and Guarantor affirms that its obligations shall continue hereunder undiminished.
4. Waivers, etc. Guarantor hereby waives any defense to or limitation on its obligations under this Guaranty arising out of or based on any event or circumstance referred to in Section 3 hereof. Without limitation and to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, Guarantor waives each of the following:
(a) All notices, disclosures and demands of any nature which otherwise might be required from time to time to preserve intact any rights against Guarantor, including the following: any notice of any event or circumstance described in
Section 3 hereof; any notice required by any law, regulation or order now or hereafter in effect in any jurisdiction; any notice of nonpayment, nonperformance, dishonor, or protest under any Loan Document or any of the Guarantied Obligations; any notice of the incurrence of any Guarantied Obligation; any notice of any default or any failure on the part of the Borrower or any other Person to comply with any Loan Document or any of the Guarantied Obligations or any direct or indirect security for any of the Guarantied Obligations; and any notice of any information pertaining to the business, operations, condition (financial or otherwise) or prospects of the Borrower or any other Person;
(b) Any right to any marshalling of assets, to the filing of any claim against the Borrower or any other Person in the event of any bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or similar proceeding, or to the exercise against the Borrower or any other Person of any other right or remedy under or in connection with any Loan Document or any of the Guarantied Obligations or any direct or indirect security for any of the Guarantied Obligations; any requirement of promptness or diligence on the part of the Agent or the Banks, or any of them, or any other Person; any requirement to exhaust any remedies under or in connection with, or to mitigate the damages resulting from default under, any Loan Document or any of the Guarantied Obligations or any direct or indirect security for any of the Guarantied Obligations; any benefit of any statute of limitations; and any requirement of acceptance of this Guaranty or any other Loan Document, and any requirement that Guarantor receive notice of any such acceptance;
(c) Any defense or other right arising by reason of any law now or hereafter in effect in any jurisdiction pertaining to election of remedies (including anti-deficiency laws, "one action" laws or the like), or by reason of any election of remedies or other action or inaction by the Agent or the Banks, or any of them (including commencement or completion of any judicial proceeding or nonjudicial sale or other action in respect of collateral security for any of the Guarantied Obligations), which results in denial or impairment of the right of the Agent or the Banks, or any of them, to seek a deficiency against
-3-
the Borrower or any other Person or which otherwise discharges or impairs any of the Guarantied Obligations; and
(d) Any and all defenses it may now or hereafter have based on principles of suretyship, impairment of collateral, or the like.
Notwithstanding any other term herein to the contrary, the Guarantied Obligations shall exclude the amount of any increase in the aggregate principal amount of the Commitments (together with the interest accrued on the amount of such increased principal) over and above the aggregate principal amount of the Commitments as set forth in the Credit Agreement as of the date of this Guaranty (or over and above any increased aggregate principal amount of the Commitments to which Guarantor has consented in accordance with the terms of this sentence) unless the consent of Guarantor has been provided to the Agent at a time that is substantially contemporaneous with or after the date of such increase; this provision is limited solely to an increase in the aggregate principal amount of the Commitments, as more fully set forth directly above, and to no other circumstance. For the avoidance of doubt, it is not the intent of the waivers set forth in this Section 4 to, and such waivers shall not, waive the necessity for a demand to be made in accordance with the first sentence of Section 2 hereof.
5. Representations and Warranties. Guarantor hereby makes the following representations and warranties as of the date hereof:
(a) Guarantor is duly organized, validly existing, and in good standing under the laws of the Cayman Islands; and, Guarantor is validly existing and in good standing in all jurisdictions in which it is domiciled or doing business, except where the failure to so qualify would not be reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the business, properties, assets, financial condition, results of operations, or prospects of Guarantor (a "Material Adverse Effect"); and, this Guaranty constitutes the legal, valid, and binding obligation of Guarantor, enforceable against Guarantor and its successors in accordance with its terms; Guarantor has the requisite power and authority to enter into, execute, deliver and carry out this Guaranty and to perform its obligations hereunder and all such actions have been duly authorized by all necessary proceedings;
(b) the execution and delivery of this Guaranty and the consummation of the transactions herein contemplated and compliance with the terms and provisions hereof by Guarantor will not conflict with, constitute a default under or result in any breach of any material agreement or instrument to which Guarantor is bound or any applicable Law material to the business or operations of Guarantor or material to the validity or enforceability of this Guaranty;
(c) the information, financial statements and other financial data furnished by Guarantor to the Agent are true and correct in all material respects and present fairly the financial condition of Guarantor as of the date of such information, statements, or other data; all other information given to the Agent by Guarantor with respect to Guarantor is, as of the date of such information (or, if not dated, as of the date of its delivery to the Agent), accurate and correct in all material respects and is, as of the date of such information (or, if not dated, as of the date of its delivery to the Agent), complete insofar as completeness may be necessary to give the Agent true and accurate knowledge of the subject matter thereof; and
(d) there are no actions, suits, proceedings, or governmental investigations pending or, to the knowledge of Guarantor, threatened against Guarantor which are reasonably likely to have a Material Adverse Effect.
-4-
6. Senior Debt Status. The obligations of Guarantor under this Guaranty rank and will rank at least pari passu in priority of payment with all other senior unsecured Indebtedness of Guarantor.
7. Reinstatement. This Guaranty is a continuing obligation of Guarantor and shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding that no Guarantied Obligations may be outstanding from time to time and notwithstanding any other event or circumstance. Upon termination of all Commitments and indefeasible payment in full of all Guarantied Obligations, this Guaranty shall terminate; provided, however, that this Guaranty shall continue to be effective or be reinstated, as the case may be, any time any payment of any of the Guarantied Obligations is rescinded, recouped, avoided, or must otherwise be returned or released by any Bank or the Agent upon or during the insolvency, bankruptcy, or reorganization of, or any similar proceeding affecting, Borrower or for any other reason whatsoever, all as though such payment had not been made and was due and owing.
8. Subrogation. Guarantor shall not exercise any rights against Borrower or any other guarantor arising in connection with the Guarantied Obligations (including rights of subrogation, contribution, and the like) until the Guarantied Obligations have been indefeasibly paid in full and all Commitments have been terminated. If, prior to the indefeasible payment in full of the Guarantied Obligations and the termination of the Commitments, any amount shall be paid to Guarantor by or on behalf of Borrower or any other guarantor by virtue of any right of subrogation, contribution, or the like, such amount shall be deemed to have been paid to Guarantor for the benefit of, and shall be held in trust for the benefit of, the Agent and the Banks and shall forthwith be paid to the Agent to be credited and applied upon the Guarantied Obligations, whether matured or unmatured, in accordance with the terms of the Credit Agreement.
9. No Stay. Without limitation of any other provision of this Guaranty, if any declaration of default or acceleration or other exercise or condition to exercise of rights or remedies under or with respect to any Guarantied Obligation shall at any time be stayed, enjoined, or prevented for any reason (including stay or injunction resulting from the pendency against the Borrower or any other Person of a bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, or similar proceeding), Guarantor agrees that, for the purposes of this Guaranty and its obligations hereunder, the Guarantied Obligations shall be deemed to have been declared in default or accelerated, and such other exercise or conditions to exercise shall be deemed to have been taken or met.
10. Taxes.
(a) No Deductions. All payments made by Guarantor hereunder shall be made free and clear of and without deduction for any present or future taxes, levies, imposts, deductions, charges, or withholdings, and all liabilities with respect thereto, excluding taxes imposed by the United States on the overall net income of any Bank and taxes that are imposed on the overall net income (and franchise taxes imposed in lieu thereof) of any Bank by the state or foreign jurisdiction under the laws of which such Bank is organized or any political subdivision thereof (all such non-excluded taxes, levies, imposts, deductions, charges, withholdings, and liabilities being hereinafter referred to as "Taxes"). If Guarantor shall be required by Law to deduct any Taxes from or in respect of any sum payable under this Guaranty, (i) the sum payable shall be increased as may be necessary so that after making all required deductions (including deductions applicable to additional sums payable under this Subsection 10(a)) each Bank receives an amount equal to the sum it would have received had no such deductions been made, (ii) Guarantor shall make such deductions, and (iii) Guarantor shall timely pay the full amount deducted to the relevant tax authority or other authority in accordance with applicable Law.
-5-
(b) Stamp Taxes. In addition, Guarantor agrees to pay any present or future stamp or documentary taxes or any other excise or property taxes, charges, or similar levies which arise from any payment made hereunder or from the execution, delivery, or registration of, or otherwise with respect to, this Guaranty (hereinafter referred to as "Other Taxes").
(c) Indemnification for Taxes Paid by any Bank. Guarantor shall indemnify each Bank for the full amount of Taxes or Other Taxes (including any Taxes or Other Taxes imposed by any jurisdiction on amounts payable under this Subsection) paid by any Bank and any liability (including penalties, interest, and expenses) arising therefrom or with respect thereto, whether or not such Taxes or Other Taxes were correctly or legally asserted. This indemnification shall be made within 30 days from the date Guarantor receives written demand therefor.
(d) Certificate. Within 30 days after the date of any payment of any Taxes by Guarantor, Guarantor shall furnish to the applicable Bank, the original or a certified copy of a receipt evidencing payment thereof.
(e) Banks to Obtain Relevant Exemptions. Any Bank as to which payments under this Guaranty are subject to Taxes or Other Taxes and which is entitled to an exemption from or reduction of such Taxes or Other Taxes pursuant the laws or regulations of any relevant jurisdiction or any treaty shall deliver to the Agent and Guarantor, no later than the latest time or times prescribed by applicable law for the effectiveness thereof, two original copies of such properly completed and executed documentation prescribed by applicable law as will permit such payments to be made without payment of Taxes or Other Taxes or at a reduced rate. If any Bank fails to timely deliver any such documentation, Guarantor shall not be required to increase any amount payable to such Bank pursuant to Subsection 10(a) hereof or to otherwise indemnify such Bank under Subsection 10(c) hereof to the extent such increase or indemnity would not have been required if such Bank had delivered such documentation; provided, however, that should a Bank become subject to Taxes or Other Taxes because of its failure to deliver a form required hereby, Guarantor shall take such steps as such Bank shall reasonably request to assist such Bank to recover such Taxes or Other Taxes.
(f) Survival. Without prejudice to the survival of any other agreement of Guarantor hereunder, the agreements and obligations of Guarantor contained in this Section 10 shall survive the payment in full of the Obligations and the termination of all Commitments.
11. Judgment Currency.
(a) Currency Conversion Procedures for Judgments. If for the purposes of obtaining judgment in any court it is necessary to convert a sum due hereunder in any currency (the "Original Currency") into another currency (the "Other Currency"), Guarantor hereby agrees, to the fullest extent permitted by Law, that the rate of exchange used shall be that at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Agent could purchase the Original Currency with the Other Currency after any premium and costs of exchange on the Business Day preceding that on which final judgment is given.
(b) Indemnity in Certain Events. The obligation of Guarantor in respect of any sum due from Guarantor to any Bank under this Guaranty shall, notwithstanding any judgment in an Other Currency, whether pursuant to a judgment or otherwise, be discharged only to the extent that, on the Business Day following receipt by the Agent of any sum adjudged to be so due in such Other Currency, the Agent may in accordance with normal banking procedures purchase the Original Currency with such Other Currency. If the amount of the Original Currency so purchased is less than the sum originally due in the
-6-
Original Currency, Guarantor agrees, as a separate obligation and notwithstanding any such judgment or payment, to indemnify the Agent and the Banks against such loss.
12. Notices. Guarantor agrees that all notices, statements, requests, demands, and other communications (subject, however, to Section 17 hereof) under this Guaranty shall be given to Guarantor at the address set forth on a Schedule to the Credit Agreement (or such other address as Guarantor may designate in writing to the Agent) and in the manner provided in Section 10.6 of the Credit Agreement.
13. Counterparts; Telecopy Signatures. This Guaranty may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which, when so executed, shall be deemed an original, but all such counterparts shall constitute but one and the same instrument. Guarantor acknowledges and agrees that a telecopy transmission to the Agent or any Bank of signature pages hereof signed on behalf of Guarantor shall constitute effective and binding execution and delivery hereof by Guarantor.
14. Setoff, Default Payments by Borrower.
(a) In the event that at any time any obligation of Guarantor now or hereafter existing under this Guaranty shall have become due and payable, the Agent and the Banks, or any of them, shall have the right from time to time to set off against and apply to such due and payable amount any obligation of any nature of any Bank or the Agent, or any subsidiary or affiliate of any Bank or the Agent, to Guarantor, including all deposits (whether time or demand, general or special, provisionally credited or finally credited, however evidenced) now or hereafter maintained by Guarantor with the Agent or any Bank or any subsidiary or affiliate thereof. Such right shall be absolute and unconditional in all circumstances and, without limitation, shall exist whether or not the Agent or the Banks, or any of them, shall have given any notice or made any demand under this Guaranty or under such obligation to Guarantor, whether such obligation to Guarantor is absolute or contingent, matured or unmatured (it being agreed that the Agent and the Banks, or any of them, may deem such obligation to be then due and payable at the time of such setoff), and regardless of the existence or adequacy of any collateral, guaranty, or other direct or indirect security or right or remedy available to the Agent or any of the Banks. Each of the Banks and the Agent which exercises any right of set-off against Guarantor hereunder agrees promptly to notify Guarantor after any such set-off and application; provided, however, that the failure to give such notice shall not affect the validity of such set-off and application. The rights of the Agent and the Banks under this Section are in addition to such other rights and remedies (including other rights of setoff and banker's lien) which the Agent and the Banks, or any of them, may have, and nothing in this Guaranty or in any other Loan Document shall be deemed a waiver of or restriction on the right of setoff or banker's lien of the Agent and the Banks, or any of them.
(b) Upon the occurrence and during the continuation of any Event of Default under the Credit Agreement, if any amount shall be paid to Guarantor by or for the account of Borrower, such amount shall be held in trust for the benefit of each Bank and the Agent and shall forthwith be paid to the Agent to be credited and applied to the Guarantied Obligations when due and payable.
15. Construction. The section and other headings contained in this Guaranty are for reference purposes only and shall not affect interpretation of this Guaranty in any respect.
16. Successors and Assigns. This Guaranty shall be binding upon Guarantor, its successors and assigns, and shall inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by the Agent and the Banks, or any of them, and their respective successors and assigns as permitted by the Credit Agreement. Without limitation of the foregoing, the Agent and the Banks, or any of them (and any successive assignee or transferee), from time to time may assign or otherwise transfer all or any portion of their respective rights or obligations
-7-
under the Loan Documents (including all or any portion of any commitment to extend credit), or any other Guarantied Obligations, to any other Person permitted pursuant to the Credit Agreement, and such Guarantied Obligations (including any Guarantied Obligations resulting from an extension of credit by such other Person under or in connection with the Loan Documents) shall be and remain Guarantied Obligations entitled to the benefit of this Guaranty, and to the extent of its interest in such Guarantied Obligations such other Person shall be vested with all the benefits in respect thereof granted to the Agent and the Banks in this Guaranty or otherwise.
17. CONSENT TO FORUM; WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL.
GUARANTOR HEREBY IRREVOCABLY CONSENTS TO THE NONEXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF ANY NEW YORK STATE COURT OR FEDERAL COURT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA SITTING IN NEW YORK CITY, AND WAIVES PERSONAL SERVICE OF ANY AND ALL PROCESS UPON IT, AND GUARANTOR HEREBY IRREVOCABLY APPOINTS THE BORROWER TO BE ITS AGENT TO RECEIVE ON BEHALF OF ITSELF AND ITS RESPECTIVE PROPERTY SERVICE OF COPIES OF THE SUMMONS AND COMPLAINT AND ANY OTHER PROCESS WHICH MAY BE SERVED IN ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING AND HEREBY CONSENTS THAT ALL SUCH SERVICE OF PROCESS MAY BE MADE BY CERTIFIED OR REGISTERED MAIL DIRECTED TO BORROWER AT THE ADDRESS PROVIDED FOR BORROWER IN THE CREDIT AGREEMENT AND SERVICE SO MADE SHALL BE DEEMED TO BE COMPLETED UPON ACTUAL RECEIPT THEREOF. GUARANTOR WAIVES ANY OBJECTION TO JURISDICTION AND VENUE OF ANY ACTION INSTITUTED AGAINST IT AS PROVIDED HEREIN AND AGREES NOT TO ASSERT ANY DEFENSE BASED ON LACK OF JURISDICTION OR VENUE.
GUARANTOR HEREBY WAIVES TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY ACTION, SUIT, PROCEEDING, OR COUNTERCLAIM OF ANY KIND ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THIS GUARANTY OR ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT TO THE FULL EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW.
18. Governing Law, Waiver of Sovereign Immunity. This Guaranty shall be construed and enforced in accordance with, and the obligations and rights of the parties shall be governed by, the laws of the State of New York applicable to contracts made and to be performed in said State. To the extent that Guarantor has or hereafter may acquire any immunity from the jurisdiction of any court or from any legal process (whether through service or notice, attachment prior to judgment, attachment in aid of execution, execution, or otherwise) with respect to itself or its property, Guarantor hereby irrevocably waives such immunity in respect of its obligations under this Guaranty and any other Loan Document, and Guarantor agrees that it will not raise or claim any such immunity at or in respect of any such action or proceeding.
19. Severability; Modification to Conform to Law.
(a) It is the intention of the parties that this Guaranty be enforceable to the fullest extent permissible under applicable law, but that the unenforceability (or modification to conform to such law) of any provision or provisions hereof shall not render unenforceable, or impair, the remainder hereof. If any provision in this Guaranty shall be held invalid or unenforceable in whole or in part in any jurisdiction, this Guaranty shall, as to such jurisdiction, be deemed amended to modify or delete, as necessary, the offending provision or provisions and to alter the bounds thereof in order to render it or them valid and enforceable to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, without in any matter affecting the
-8-
validity or enforceability of such provision or provisions in any other jurisdiction or the remaining provisions hereof in any jurisdiction.
(b) Without limitation of the preceding subsection (a), to the extent that applicable law (including applicable laws pertaining to fraudulent conveyance or fraudulent or preferential transfer) otherwise would render the full amount of Guarantor's obligations hereunder invalid, voidable, or unenforceable on account of the amount of Guarantor's aggregate liability under this Guaranty, then, notwithstanding any other provision of this Guaranty to the contrary, the aggregate amount of Guarantor's liability shall, without any further action by the Agent or any of the Banks or Guarantor or any other Person, be automatically limited and reduced to the highest amount which is valid and enforceable as determined in such action or proceeding.
(c) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section or elsewhere in this Guaranty, this Guaranty shall be presumptively valid and enforceable to its full extent in accordance with its terms, as if this Section (and references elsewhere in this Guaranty to enforceability to the fullest extent permitted by Law) were not a part of this Guaranty, and in any related litigation the burden of proof shall be on the party asserting the invalidity or unenforceability of any provision hereof or asserting any limitation on Guarantor's obligations hereunder as to each element of such assertion.
20. Receipt of Credit Agreement, Other Loan Documents, Benefits.
(a) Guarantor hereby acknowledges that it has received a copy of the Credit Agreement and the other Loan Documents and Guarantor certifies that the representations and warranties made therein with respect to Guarantor are true and correct. Further, Guarantor acknowledges and agrees to perform, comply with, and be bound by all of the provisions of the Credit Agreement and the other Loan Documents applicable to it.
(b) Guarantor hereby acknowledges, represents, and warrants that it is the indirect owner of the Borrower and that it will receive direct and indirect benefits from the financing arrangements contemplated by the Credit Agreement and that such benefits, together with the rights of contribution, indemnity, and subrogation that may arise in connection herewith, are a reasonably equivalent exchange of value in return for providing this Guaranty.
21. Miscellaneous.
(a) Generality of Certain Terms. As used in this Guaranty, the terms "hereof," "herein," and terms of similar import refer to this Guaranty as a whole and not to any particular term or provision; the term "including," as used herein, is not a term of limitation and means "including without limitation."
(b) Amendments, Waivers. No amendment to or waiver of any provision of this Guaranty, and no consent to any departure by Guarantor herefrom, shall in any event be effective unless in a writing manually signed by or on behalf of the Agent and the Required Banks (unless the Credit Agreement requires the consent of all Banks) and, in the case of an amendment, Guarantor. Any such waiver or consent shall be effective only in the specific instance and for the specific purpose for which given. No delay or failure of the Agent or the Banks, or any of them, in exercising any right or remedy under this Guaranty shall operate as a waiver thereof; nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such right or remedy preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right or remedy. The rights and remedies of the Agent and the Banks under this Guaranty are cumulative and not exclusive of any other rights or remedies available hereunder, under any other agreement or instrument, by Law, or otherwise.
-9-
(c) Expenses. Guarantor unconditionally agrees to pay all reasonable costs and expenses, including reasonable attorney's fees incurred by the Agent or any of the Banks in enforcing this Guaranty against Guarantor and Guarantor shall pay and indemnify each Bank and the Agent for, and hold it harmless from and against, any and all obligations, liabilities, losses, damages, costs, expenses (including disbursements and reasonable legal fees of counsel to any Bank or the Agent), penalties, judgments, suits, actions, claims, and disbursements imposed on, asserted against, or incurred by any Bank or the Agent (A) relating to the enforcement of or collection under this Guaranty or any document, instrument, or agreement relating to this Guaranty, including in any bankruptcy, insolvency, or similar proceeding in any jurisdiction or political subdivision thereof; (B) relating to any amendment, modification, waiver, or consent hereunder or relating to any telecopy or telephonic transmission relating hereto purporting to be by Guarantor or Borrower; (C) in any way relating to or arising out of this Guaranty, or any document, instrument, or agreement relating to this Guaranty, and including those arising directly or indirectly from the violation or asserted violation of any Law (including those relating to environmental protection, health, labor, importing, exporting, or safety) and regardless whether asserted by any governmental entity or any other Person; provided, however, that Guarantor shall not be obligated to indemnify or hold harmless any Bank or the Agent to the extent that any such obligation, liability, loss, damage, cost, expense, penalty, judgment, suit, actions, claim, or disbursement of such Bank or the Agent arose from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of such Bank or the Agent.
(d) Prior Understandings. This Guaranty and the Credit Agreement and the other Loan Documents constitute the entire agreement of the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersede any and all other prior and contemporaneous understandings and agreements.
(e) Survival. All representations and warranties of Guarantor made in connection with this Guaranty shall survive, and shall not be waived by, the execution and delivery of this Guaranty, any investigation by or knowledge of the Agent and the Banks, or any of them, any extension of credit, or any other event or circumstance whatsoever.
[SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]
-10-
[SIGNATURE PAGE OF CONTINUING AGREEMENT OF GUARANTY]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Guarantor intending to be legally bound, has executed this Guaranty as of the date first above written with the intention that this Guaranty shall constitute a sealed instrument.
ACE LIMITED
 The Common Seal of ACE Limited was
hereunto affixed in the presence of:
By:____________________________________(SEAL)
Name:
Title: General Counsel and Secretary
By:____________________________________(SEAL)
Name:
Title: Chief Financial Officer
 
Exhibit 10.63
CONFORMED COPY
EXHIBIT
DATED 19 NOVEMBER 1999
(as (a) amended and restated pursuant to the First Restatement Agreement dated 17 November 2000, (b) amended pursuant to the Amendment Agreement dated 23 October 2001, (c) amended and restated pursuant to the Second Restatement Agreement dated 21 November 2001, and (d) amended and restated pursuant to the Third Restatement Agreement dated 19 November 2002)
ACE LIMITED
as Account Party
ACE BERMUDA INSURANCE LTD.
as Guarantor
CITIBANK, N.A.
 and
BARCLAYS CAPITAL
as Lead Arrangers
ING BANK, N.V., LONDON BRANCH
as Co-Arranger
CITIBANK INTERNATIONAL plc
as Agent and Security Trustee
and
OTHERS

(pounds)380,000,000 
LETTER OF CREDIT FACILITY AGREEMENT

CONTENTS

Clause                                                                               Page
1.  Definitions And Interpretation .................................................    1

2.  The Facility ...................................................................   17

3.  Utilisation Of The Facility ....................................................   18

4.  Extension Of Letters Of Credit .................................................   20

5.  Substitution Of Letters Of Credit ..............................................   23

6.  Increase Of The Facility .......................................................   24

7.  Notification ...................................................................   26

8.  The Account Party's Liabilities In Relation To Letters Of Credit ...............   26

9.  Cancellation And Collateralisation .............................................   27

10. Taxes ..........................................................................   28

11. Tax Receipts ...................................................................   29

12. Increased Costs ................................................................   30

13. Illegality .....................................................................   31

14. Mitigation .....................................................................   31

15. Representations ................................................................   32

16. Covenants ......................................................................   36

17. Events Of Default ..............................................................   43

18. Commission And Fees ............................................................   47

19. Costs And Expenses .............................................................   48

20. Default Interest And Break Costs ...............................................   49

21. Indemnities ....................................................................   50

22. Currency Of Account And Payment ................................................   51

23. Payments .......................................................................   51

24. Set-Off ........................................................................   53

25. Sharing ........................................................................   53

26. The Agent, The Arrangers And The Banks .........................................   54

27. Assignments And Transfers ......................................................   62

28. Economic And Monetary Union ....................................................   65

29. Calculations And Evidence Of Debt ..............................................   65

30. Guarantee And Indemnity ........................................................   67

31. Remedies And Waivers, Partial Invalidity .......................................   69

32. Notices ........................................................................   69	

-1-

33. Counterparts .....................................................  71

34. Amendments .......................................................  71

35. Governing Law ....................................................  72

36. Jurisdiction .....................................................  72

Schedule 1 The Banks .................................................  74

Schedule 2 Form Of Transfer Certificate ..............................  75

Schedule 3 Conditions Precedent ......................................  77

Schedule 4 Utilisation Request .......................................  78

Schedule 5 Form Of Extension Request .................................  80

Schedule 6 Form Of Letter Of Credit ..................................  83

Schedule 7 Mandatory Liquid Asset Costs Rate .........................  90

Schedule 8 Form Of Confidentiality Undertaking .......................  92

Schedule 9 Pricing Schedule ..........................................  95

Schedule 10 Existing Liens ...........................................  96

Schedule 11 Form Of Charge Agreement .................................  97

Schedule 12 Form Of Substitution Notice .............................. 119	

-2-
THIS AGREEMENT originally dated 19 November 1999, as (a) amended and restated pursuant to the First Restatement Agreement dated 17 November 2000, (b) amended by an Amendment Agreement dated 23 October 2001, (c) further amended and restated pursuant to the Second Restatement Agreement dated 21 November 2001, and (d) further amended and restated as of the Commencement Date referred to in the Third Restatement Agreement dated 19 November 2002, is made between:
(1) ACE LIMITED as account party (the "Account Party");
(2) ACE BERMUDA INSURANCE LTD. as guarantor (the "Guarantor");
(3) CITIBANK, N.A. and BARCLAYS CAPITAL (the investment banking division of Barclays Bank PLC) as lead arrangers of the Facility (the "Lead Arrangers");
(4) ING BANK, N.V., LONDON BRANCH as co-arranger of the Facility (the "Co-Arranger");
(5) CITIBANK INTERNATIONAL plc as agent and trustee for the banks (when acting in such capacities the "Agent" and the "Security Trustee" respectively); and
(6) THE BANKS as defined below.
IT IS AGREED as follows.
1. DEFINITIONS AND INTERPRETATION
1.1 Definitions In this Agreement:
"ACE INA" means ACE INA Holdings Inc., a Delaware company and its successors.
"ACE US" means ACE US Holdings, Inc., a Delaware company and its successors.
"Adjusted Consolidated Debt" means, at any time, an amount equal to (a) the then outstanding Consolidated Debt of the Account Party and its Subsidiaries plus (b) to the extent exceeding an amount equal to 15 per cent. of Total Capitalisation, the then issued and outstanding amount of Preferred Securities (other than any Mandatorily Convertible Preferred Securities).
"Affiliate" means, as to any Person, any other Person that, directly or indirectly, controls, is controlled by or is under common control with such Person or is a director or officer of such Person. For the purposes of this definition, the term "control" (including the terms "controlling", "controlled by" and "under common control with") of a Person means the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to vote 5 per cent. or more of the Voting Interests of such Person or to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such Person, whether through the ownership of Voting Interests, by contract or otherwise.
"Amendment Agreement" means the amendment agreement dated 23 October 2001 which amends the First Restatement Agreement.
-1-
"Applicant" means each of ACE Capital Limited, ACE Capital IV Limited, ACE Capital V Limited, ACE Capital VI Limited and ACE Capital VII Limited and their successors and substitutes within the Group from time to time.
"Approved Credit Institution" means a credit institution within the meaning of the First Council Directive relating to the taking up and pursuit of the business of credit institutions (No. 2000/12 EC) which has been approved by the Council of Lloyd's for the purpose of providing guarantees and issuing or confirming letters of credit comprising a member's Funds at Lloyd's.
"Approved Investment" means any Investment that was made by the Account Party or any of its Subsidiaries pursuant to investment guidelines set forth by the board of directors of the Account Party which guidelines are consistent with past practices.
"Arrangers" means the Lead Arrangers and the Co-Arranger.
"Authorised Signatory" means, in relation to an Obligor, any person who is duly authorised (in such manner as may be reasonably acceptable to the Agent) and in respect of whom the Agent has received a certificate signed by a director or another Authorised Signatory of such Obligor setting out the name and signature of such person and confirming such person's authority to act.
"Available Commitment" means, in relation to a Bank at any time and save as otherwise provided herein its Commitment less its share of the Sterling Amount of Outstandings at such time provided that such amount shall not be less than zero.
"Available Facility" means, at any time, the aggregate of the Available Commitments adjusted, in the case of a proposed utilisation pursuant to a Utilisation Request, so as to take into account:-
(a) any reduction in the Commitment of a Bank pursuant to the terms hereof; and
(b) any Letter of Credit which pursuant to any other Utilisation Request, is to be issued;
on or before the proposed Utilisation Date relating to such utilisation.
"Availability Period" means the period from the Commencement Date to the Commitment Termination Date (or such other date which Lloyd's may specify as the Funds Date for 2002) inclusive.
"Bank" means any financial institution:
(a) named in Schedule 1 (The Banks); or
(b) which has become a party hereto in accordance with Clause 27.4 (Assignments by Banks) or Clause 27.5 (Transfers by Banks),
and which has not ceased to be a party hereto in accordance with the terms hereof.
"Bermuda Companies Law" means The Companies Act 1981 of Bermuda, as amended, and the regulations promulgated thereunder.
-2-
"Bermuda Insurance Law" means The Insurance Act 1978 of Bermuda, as amended, and the regulations promulgated thereunder.
"Business Day" means a day (other than a Saturday or Sunday) on which banks generally are open for business in London and Bermuda and, in the case of payments to be made in dollars, New York.
"Capitalised Leases" means all leases that have been or should be, in accordance with GAAP, recorded as capitalised leases.
"Cash Collateral" means, in relation to any Bank's L/C Proportion of any Letter of Credit, a deposit in such interest-bearing account or accounts as such Bank or, as the case may be, the Agent may specify, such deposit and account to be secured in favour of, and on terms and conditions acceptable to, such Bank.
"Charge Agreement" means the charge agreement dated on or about the date of the Second Restatement Agreement, in substantially the form set out in Schedule 11 (Form of Charge Agreement).
"Charged Portfolio" has the meaning ascribed to it in the Charge Agreement.
"Commencement Date" has the meaning given to it in the Third Restatement Agreement.
"Commitment" means, in relation to a Bank at any time and save as otherwise provided herein, the amount set opposite its name under the heading "Commitment" in Schedule 1 (The Banks).
"Commitment Termination Date" means 16 December 2002.
"Consolidated" refers to the consolidation of accounts in accordance with GAAP.
"Consolidated Debt" means at any date the Debt of the Account Party and its Consolidated Subsidiaries, determined on a Consolidated basis as of such date.
"Consolidated Net Income" means, for any period, the net income of the Account Party and its Consolidated Subsidiaries, determined on a Consolidated basis for such period.
"Consolidated Subsidiary" means at any date any Subsidiary or other entity the accounts of which would be consolidated with those of the Account Party in its consolidated financial statements if such statements were prepared as of such date.
"Consolidated Net Worth" means at any date the Consolidated stockholder's equity of the Account Party and its Consolidated Subsidiaries determined as of such date, provided that such determination for the purposes of Clause 16.7 (Adjusted Consolidated Debt to Total Capitalisation Ratio), Clause 16.8 (Consolidated Net Worth) and Clause 16.9 (Liens) shall be made without giving effect to adjustments pursuant to Statement No. 115 of the Financial Accounting Standards Board of the United States of America.
-3-
"Contingent Obligation" means, with respect to any Person, any obligation or arrangement of such Person to guarantee or indemnify or intended to guarantee or indemnify any Debt, leases, dividends or other payment obligations ("primary obligations") of any other Person (the "primary obligor") in any manner, whether directly or indirectly, including, without limitation:
(a) the direct or indirect guarantee, endorsement (other than for collection or deposit in the ordinary course of business), co-making, discounting with recourse or sale with recourse by such Person of the obligation of a primary obligor;
(b) the obligation to make take-or-pay or similar payments, if required, regardless of non-performance by any other party or parties to an agreement; or
(c) any obligation of such Person, whether or not contingent:
(i) to purchase any such primary obligation or any property constituting direct or indirect security therefor;
(ii) to advance or supply funds (1) for the purchase or payment of any such primary obligation or (2) to maintain working capital or equity capital of the primary obligor or otherwise to maintain the net worth or solvency of the primary obligor;
(iii) to purchase property, assets, securities or services primarily for the purpose of assuring the owner of any such primary obligation of the ability of the primary obligor to make payment of such primary obligation; or
(iv) otherwise to assure or hold harmless the holder of such primary obligation against loss in respect thereof,
provided, however, that Contingent Obligations shall not include any obligations of any such Person arising under insurance contracts entered into in the ordinary course of business. The amount of any Contingent Obligation shall be deemed to be an amount equal to the stated or determinable amount of the primary obligation in respect of which such Contingent Obligation is made (or, if less, the maximum amount of such primary obligation for which such Person may be liable pursuant to the terms of the instrument evidencing such Contingent Obligation) or, if not stated or determinable, the maximum reasonably anticipated liability in respect thereof (assuming such person is required to perform thereunder), as determined by such Person in good faith.
"Custodian" means (at the date of the Charge Agreement) State Street Bank and Trust Company, or such other entity or entities as may be agreed from time to time between the Account Party and the Security Trustee (each acting reasonably), provided that such other Custodian has entered into Security Documents in a form reasonably acceptable to the Security Trustee.
-4-
"Custodian's Undertaking" means the undertaking delivered to the Security Trustee by the Custodian in respect of the Charged Portfolio as contemplated by the Charge Agreement.
"Debenture" means debt securities issued by the Account Party or ACE INA to a Special Purpose Trust in exchange for proceeds of Preferred Securities and common securities of such Special Purpose Trust.
"Debt" of any Person means, without duplication for purposes of calculating financial ratios:
(a) all indebtedness of such Person for borrowed money:
(b) all obligations of such Person for the deferred purchase price of property or services (other than trade payables incurred in the ordinary course of such Person's business);
(c) all obligations of such Person evidenced by notes, bonds, debentures or other similar instruments;
(d) all obligations of such Person created or arising under any conditional sale or other title retention agreement with respect to property acquired by such Person (even though the rights and remedies of the seller or lender under such agreement in the event of default are limited to repossession or sale of such property);
(e) all obligations of such Person as lessee under Capitalised Leases (excluding imputed interest);
(f) all obligations of such Person under acceptance, letter of credit or similar facilities;
(g) all obligations of such Person (except for Approved Investments) to purchase, redeem, retire, defease or otherwise make any payment in respect of any Equity Interests (except for obligations to pay for Equity Interests within customary settlement periods) in such Person or any other Person or any warrants, rights or options to acquire such capital stock (excluding payments under a contract for the forward sale of ordinary shares of such Person issued in a public offering), valued, in the case of Redeemable Preferred Interests, at the greater of its voluntary or involuntary liquidation preference plus accrued and unpaid dividends;
(h) all Contingent Obligations of such Person in respect of Debt (of the types described above) of any other Person; and
(i) all indebtedness and other payment obligations referred to in clauses (a) through (h) above of another Person secured by (or for which the holder of such Debt has an existing right, contingent or otherwise, to be secured by) any Lien on property (including, without limitation, accounts and contract rights) owned by
-5-
such Person, even though such Person has not assumed or become liable for the payment of such indebtedness or other payment obligations;
provided, however, that the amount of Debt of such Person under clause
(i) above shall, if such Person has not assumed or otherwise become liable for any such Debt, be limited to the lesser of the principal amount of such Debt or the fair market value of all property of such Person securing such Debt; provided further that "Debt" shall not include obligations in respect of insurance or reinsurance contracts entered into in the ordinary course of business; provided further that, solely for the purposes of Clause 16.7 (Adjusted Consolidated Debt to Total Capitalisation Ratio) and Clause 16.8 (Consolidated Net Worth) and the definitions of "Adjusted Consolidated Debt" and "Total Capitalisation", "Debt" shall not include (x) any contingent obligations of any Person under or in connection with acceptance, letter of credit or similar facilities or (y) obligations of the Account Party or ACE INA under any Debentures or under any subordinated guarantee or any Preferred Securities or obligations of a Special Purpose Trust under any Preferred Securities.
"Default" means an Event of Default or a Potential Event of Default.
"Derivatives Obligations" of any Person means all obligations of such Person in respect of any rate swap transaction, basis swap, forward rate transaction, commodity swap, commodity option, equity or equity index swap, equity or equity index option, bond option, interest rate option, foreign exchange transaction, cap transaction, floor transaction, collar transaction, currency swap transaction, cross-currency rate swap transaction, currency option or other similar transaction (including any option with respect to any of the foregoing transactions) or any combination of the foregoing transactions.
"Effective Date" means, in respect of each Letter of Credit, 22 November 2002.
"Equity Interests" means, with respect to any Person, shares of capital stock of (or other ownership or profit interests in) such Person, warrants, options or other rights for the purchase or other acquisition from such Person of shares of capital stock of (or other ownership or profit interests in) such Person, securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of capital stock of (or other ownership or profit interests in) such Person or warrants, rights or options for the purchase or other acquisition from such Person of such shares (or such other interests), and other ownership or profit interests in such Person (including, without limitation, partnership, member or trust interests therein), whether voting or nonvoting, and whether or not such shares, warrants, options, rights or other interests are authorised or otherwise existing on any date of determination.
"Event of Default" means any circumstance described as such in Clause 17 (Events of Default).
"Expiry Date" means, in relation to any Letter of Credit, the date on which that Letter of Credit terminates or will terminate (as the context requires) and the maximum aggregate liability thereunder is to be reduced to zero.
-6-
"Facility" means the sterling and dollar letter of credit facility granted to the Account Party in this Agreement.
"Facility Office" means, in relation to the Agent, the office identified with its signature below or such other office as it may select by notice and, in relation to any Bank, the office notified by it to the Agent in writing prior to the date hereof (or, in the case of a Transferee, at the end of the Transfer Certificate to which it is a party as Transferee) or such other office as it may from time to time select by notice to the Agent.
"Finance Documents" means this Agreement and each Security Document and any other document or documents as may be agreed by the Agent and the Account Party.
"Finance Parties" means the Agent, the Security Trustee, the Arrangers and the Banks.
"First Restatement Agreement" means the amendment and restatement agreement dated 17 November 2000 made between (amongst others) the Account Party, the Guarantor, the Agent and the Banks named therein.
"Funds at Lloyd's" has the meaning given to it in paragraph 4 of the Membership Bylaw (No. 17 of 1993).
"Funds at Lloyd's Requirements" means, in respect of any member, the amount required to be maintained by that member as Funds at Lloyd's.
"Funds Date" means, in relation to any year, the date notified by Lloyd's as being the latest date in that year by which Funds at Lloyd's can be placed with Lloyd's in order to satisfy Funds at Lloyd's Requirements in respect of the year of account next following that date, such date notified by Lloyd's in respect of the 2003 year of account being 22 November 2002.
"GAAP" has the meaning specified in Clause 1.7 (Accounting Terms and Determinations).
"Group" means the Account Party and its Subsidiaries for the time being.
"Hedge Agreements" means interest rate swap, cap or collar agreements, interest rate future or option contracts, currency swap agreements, currency future or option contracts and other hedging agreements.
"Internal Revenue Code" means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 of the United States of America, as amended, or any successor statute, and includes regulation promulgated and rulings issued thereunder.
"Investment" in any Person means any loan or advance to such Person, any purchase or other acquisition of any Equity Interests or Debt or the assets comprising a division or business unit or a substantial part or all of the business of such Person, any capital contribution to such Person or any other direct or indirect investment in such Person, including, without limitation, any acquisition by way of a merger or consolidation and any arrangement pursuant to which the investor incurs Debt of the types referred to in clause (h) or (i) of the definition of "Debt" in respect of such Person; provided, however, that any purchase by any US Facility Agreement Loan Party or any Subsidiary
-7-
of any catastrophe-linked instruments which are (x) issued for the purpose of transferring traditional reinsurance risk to the capital markets and (y) purchased by such US Facility Agreement Loan Party or any Subsidiary in accordance with its customary reinsurance underwriting procedures, or the entry by any US Facility Agreement Loan Party or any Subsidiary into swap transactions relating to such instruments in accordance with such procedures, shall be deemed to be the entry by such Person into a reinsurance contract and shall not be deemed to be an Investment by such Person.
"L/C Commission Rate" means the rate per annum determined in accordance with Clause 18.1 (Letter of Credit Commission) or Schedule 9 (Pricing Schedule), as the case may be.
"L/C Proportion" means, in relation to a Bank in respect of any Letter of Credit and save as otherwise provided herein, the proportion (expressed as a percentage) borne by such Bank's Available Commitment to the Available Facility immediately prior to the issue of such Letter of Credit.
"L/C Valuation Date" means the first Business Day which falls six months after the Commencement Date and each day falling at six monthly intervals thereafter.
"Letter of Credit" means a letter of credit issued or to be issued pursuant to Clause 3 (Utilisation of the Facility) substantially in the form set out in Schedule 6 (Form of Letter of Credit) or in such other form requested by the Account Party which is approved by the Banks (such approval not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed).
"Letter of Credit Commission" means the letter of credit commission described in Clause 18.1 (Letter of Credit Commission).
"LIBOR" means, in relation to any Unpaid Sum on which interest for a given period is to accrue, the percentage rate per annum equal to the offered quotation which appears on the page of the Telerate Screen which displays an average British Bankers Association Interest Settlement Rate for the currency of the relevant amount (being currently "3740" or, as the case may be, "3750") for such period as of 11.00 a.m. London time on the Quotation Date for such period or, if such page or such service shall cease to be available, such other page or such other service for the purpose of displaying an average British Bankers Association Interest Settlement Rate for such currency as the Agent, after consultation with the Banks and the Account Party, shall select, acting reasonably.
"Lien" means, with respect to any asset, any mortgage, lien, pledge, charge, security interest or other charge or encumbrance of any kind, or any other type of preferential arrangement that has the practical effect of creating a security interest, in respect of such asset. For the purposes of this Agreement, the Account Party shall be deemed to own subject to a Lien any asset which it has acquired or holds subject to the interest of a vendor or lessor under any conditional sale agreement, capital lease or other title retention agreement relating to such asset.
"Lloyd's" means the Society incorporated by Lloyd's Act 1871 by the name of Lloyd's.
"Mandatorily Convertible Preferred Securities" means units comprised of
(i) Preferred Securities or preferred shares of the Account Party and
(ii) a contract for the
-8-
sale of ordinary shares of the Account Party (including "Feline Prides(TM)", "Rhinos(TM)" or any substantially similar securities).
"Mandatory Liquid Asset Costs Rate" in relation to any Unpaid Sum shall bear the meaning given to it in Schedule 7 (Mandatory Liquid Asset Costs Rate).
"Majority Banks" means, save as otherwise provided herein:
(a) whilst there are no Outstandings, a Bank or Banks whose Commitments amount (or, if each Bank's Commitment has been reduced to zero, did immediately before such reduction to zero, amount) in aggregate to sixty-six and two thirds per cent. or more (or for the purposes of Clause 17.18 (Acceleration and Cancellation) to more than fifty per cent.) of the Total Commitments; and
(b) whilst there are Outstandings a Bank or Banks to whom in aggregate more than sixty-six and two thirds per cent. (or for the purposes of Clause 17.18 (Acceleration and Cancellation) more than fifty per cent.) of the Outstandings is owed,
provided that, in respect of a Letter of Credit issued by a Declining Bank pursuant to sub-clause 4.7.2 of Clause 4.7 (Replacement Letters of Credit), an amount equal to the amount of its Outstandings in respect thereof multiplied by the Reduction Percentage applicable at that time shall be excluded in determining the amount of Outstandings owed to such Bank for the purposes of this definition only.
"Material Debt" means Debt of the Account Party and/or one or more of its Subsidiaries, arising in one or more related or unrelated transactions, in an aggregate principal or face amount exceeding US$25,000,000.
"Material Financial Obligations" means a principal amount of Debt and/or current payment obligations in respect of Derivatives Obligations of the Account Party and/or one or more of its Subsidiaries, arising in one or more related or unrelated transactions, exceeding in the aggregate US$25,000,000.
"Material Subsidiary" means any Subsidiary having:
(a) assets (after inter company eliminations) in excess of 10 per cent. of the total assets of the Account Party and its Subsidiaries determined on a Consolidated basis; or
(b) annual net income constituting 10 per cent. or more of the total annual net income of the Account Party and its Subsidiaries on a Consolidated basis,
in each case determined as of the end of the most recently ended fiscal year, and in any event ACE UK Limited and ACE Tempest Reinsurance Ltd. shall be construed as Material Subsidiaries.
"Notice of Charge" means the notice of charge of the Charged Portfolio to be delivered by the Obligors to the Custodian pursuant to the terms of the Charge Agreement.
"Obligors" means the Account Party and the Guarantor.
-9-
"Original Agreement" means this Agreement as:
(a) amended and restated pursuant to the First Restatement Agreement,
(b) amended by the Amendment Agreement; and
(c) amended and restated pursuant to the Second Restatement Agreement,
but prior to its amendment and restatement on the Commencement Date.
"Original Letters of Credit" means the letters of credit issued under the Original Agreement.
"Original Sterling Amount" means:
(a) in relation to a Letter of Credit denominated in sterling, the amount specified as the amount of the Letter of Credit in the Utilisation Request relating thereto; and
(b) in relation to a Letter of Credit denominated in dollars, the amount of sterling which could be purchased with the dollar amount of such Letter of Credit at the spot rate of exchange quoted by the Agent at or about 11.00 a.m. London time on the day falling three Business Days before the Utilisation Date for the purchase of sterling with dollars for delivery two Business Days thereafter.
"Outstandings" means, at any time, the aggregate of the Sterling Amounts of the maximum actual and contingent liabilities of the Banks in respect of each outstanding Letter of Credit.
"Permitted Liens" means such of the following as to which no enforcement, collection, execution, levy or foreclosure proceeding shall have been commenced or which are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings:
(a) Liens for taxes, assessments and governmental charges or levies not yet due and payable;
(b) Liens imposed by law, such as materialsmen's, mechanics', carriers', workmen's and repairmen's Liens and other similar Liens arising in the ordinary course of business securing obligations that are not overdue for a period of more than 90 days;
(c) pledges or deposits to secure obligations under workers' compensation laws or similar legislation or to secure public or statutory obligations; and
(d) easements, rights of way and other encumbrances on title to real property that do not render title to the property encumbered thereby unmarketable or materially adversely affect the use of such property for its present purposes.
"Person" means an individual, a company, a corporation, a partnership, an association, a trust or any other entity or organisation, including a government or political subdivision or an agency or instrumentality thereof.
-10-
"Potential Event of Default" means any event which would reasonably be expected to become (with the passage of time, the giving of notice, the making of any determination hereunder or any combination thereof) an Event of Default.
"Preferred Interests" means, with respect to any Person, Equity Interests issued by such Person that are entitled to a preference or priority over any other Equity Interests issued by such Person upon any distribution of such Person's property and assets, whether by dividend or upon liquidation.
"Preferred Securities" means:
(a) preferred securities issued by the Special Purpose Trust which shall provide, among other things, that dividends shall be payable only out of proceeds of interest payments on the Debentures; or
(b) other instruments that may be treated in whole or in part as equity for rating agency purposes while being treated as debt for tax purposes.
"Proportion" means, in relation to a Bank the proportion borne by its Commitment to the Total Commitments (or, if the Total Commitments are then zero, by its Commitment to the Total Commitments immediately prior to their reduction to zero).
"Qualifying Bank" means an institution which is a bank as defined for the purposes of Section 349 of the Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988 and such bank is within the charge to United Kingdom corporation tax as respects to interest which is (or which, if it were a Bank, would be) payable to it hereunder.
"Quotation Date" means, in relation to any period for which an interest rate is to be determined hereunder, the day on which quotations would ordinarily be given by prime banks in the London interbank market for deposits in the currency in relation to which such rate is to be determined for delivery on the first day of that period, provided that, if, for any such period, quotations would ordinarily be given on more than one date, the Quotation Date for that period shall be the last of those dates.
"Redeemable" means, with respect to any Equity Interest, any Debt or any other right or obligation, any such Equity Interest, Debt, right or obligation that:
(a) the issuer has undertaken to redeem at a fixed or determinable date or dates, whether by operation of a sinking fund or otherwise, or upon the occurrence of a condition not solely within the control of the issuer; or
(b) is redeemable at the option of the holder.
"Reduction Percentage" means 20 per cent. x (5 - a); where "a" equals the remaining number of years (and for such purposes any incomplete year shall be treated as one year) for which the relevant Letter of Credit is currently valid.
"Representations" means each of the representations set out in Clause 15 (Representations).
"Required Value" has the meaning ascribed to it in the Charge Agreement.
-11-
"Second Restatement Agreement" means the agreement dated 21 November 2001 which amends and restates the Original Agreement.
"Securitisation Transaction" means any sale, assignment or other transfer by the Account Party or any Subsidiary of any accounts receivable, premium finance loan receivables, lease receivables or other payment obligations owing to the Account Party or such Subsidiary or any interest in any of the foregoing, together in each case with any collections and other proceeds thereof, any collection or deposit accounts related thereto, and any collateral, guarantees or other property or claims in favour of the Account Party or such Subsidiary supporting or securing payment by the obligor thereon of, or otherwise related to, any such receivables.
"Security" means any security granted over the Charged Portfolio by the Obligors in favour of the Security Trustee pursuant to the Charge Agreement.
"Security Documents" means the Charge Agreement, the Custodian's Undertaking and the Notice of Charge.
"Special Purpose Trust" means a special purpose business trust established by the Account Party or ACE INA of which the Account Party or ACE INA will hold all the common securities, which will be the issuer of Preferred Securities, and which will loan to the Account Party or ACE INA (such loan being evidenced by the Debentures) the net proceeds of the issuance and sale of the Preferred Securities and common securities of such Special Purpose Trust.
"Spot Rate" means the spot rate of exchange quoted by the Agent at or about 11.00 a.m. London time on the day on which the relevant calculation is to be made for the purchase of sterling with dollars or any other relevant currency for delivery two business days thereafter.
"Sterling Amount" means:
(a) in relation to a Letter of Credit at any time:
(i) if such Letter of Credit is denominated in sterling, the maximum actual and contingent liability of the Banks thereunder or in respect thereof at such time; and
(ii) if such Letter of Credit is denominated in dollars, the equivalent in sterling of the maximum actual and contingent liability of the Banks thereunder at such time, calculated as at the later of the date which falls (1) two Business Days before its Utilisation Date or (2) the most recent L/C Valuation Date; and
(b) in relation to the Outstandings, the aggregate of the Sterling Amounts of each outstanding Letter of Credit.
"Subsidiary" means, as to any Person, any corporation or other entity of which securities or other ownership interests having ordinary voting power to elect a majority of the board of directors or other persons performing similar functions are at the time directly
-12-
or indirectly owned by such Person and, unless otherwise specified, "Subsidiary" means a Subsidiary of the Account Party.
"Substitution Date" means the date on which a new Letter of Credit will be substituted for an existing Letter of Credit under Clause 5 (Substitution of Letters of Credit), as specified in the relevant Substitution Request.
"Substitution Period" means the period from the Commencement Date to the date falling 48 months prior to the then-applicable Termination Date.
"Substitution Request" means a request substantially in the form set out in Schedule 12 (Form of Substitution Request).
"Term" means, save as otherwise provided herein:
(a) in relation to any Letter of Credit, the period from its Effective Date until its Expiry Date; and
(b) in relation to an Unpaid Sum, any of those periods mentioned in Clause 20 (Default Interest and Break Costs).
"Termination Date" means (subject to any extension of the Termination Date of a Letter of Credit under Clause 4 (Extension of Letters of Credit)) 30 September 2007 (unless the Account Party specifies an earlier date for the termination of any Letter of Credit in the Utilisation Request therefor, in which case the Termination Date of that Letter of Credit shall be that earlier date).
"Termination Notice" has the meaning specified in Clause 3.8 (Termination Notice).
"Third Restatement Agreement" means the agreement dated 19 November 2002 which amends and restates the Original Agreement.
"Total Capitalisation" means, at any time, an amount (without duplication) equal to:
(a) the then outstanding Consolidated Debt of the Account Party and its Subsidiaries
plus
(b) Consolidated stockholders' equity of the Account Party and its Subsidiaries
plus (without duplication)
(c) the then issued and outstanding amount of Preferred Securities (including Mandatorily Convertible Preferred Securities) and (without duplication) Debentures.
"Total Commitments" means, at any time, the aggregate of the Banks' Commitments.
-13-
"Transfer Certificate" means a certificate substantially in the form set out in Schedule 2 (Form of Transfer Certificate) signed by a Bank and a Transferee under which:
(a) such Bank seeks to procure the transfer to such Transferee of all or a part of such Bank's rights, benefits and obligations under the Finance Documents upon and subject to the terms and conditions set out in Clause 27.3 (Assignments and Transfers by Banks); and
(b) such Transferee undertakes to perform the obligations it will assume as a result of delivery of such certificate to the Agent as contemplated in Clause 27.5 (Transfers by Banks).
"Transfer Date" means, in relation to any Transfer Certificate, the date for the making of the transfer as specified in such Transfer Certificate.
"Transferee" means a person to which a Bank seeks to transfer by novation all or part of such Bank's rights, benefits and obligations under the Finance Documents.
"Unpaid Sum" means the unpaid balance of any of the sums referred to in Clause 20.1 (Default Interest).
"US Facility Agreements" means each of:
(a) the US$800,000,000 364 day revolving credit facility agreement originally entered into on 11 June 1999 (as amended and restated on (i) 8 May 2000 and (ii) 6 April 2001) and made between, inter alia, ACE Limited and ACE INA as borrowers, the financial institutions named therein and others; and
(b) the US$250,000,000 revolving credit facility agreement originally entered into on 11 June 1999 (as amended and restated on 8 May 2000) and made between, inter alia, ACE Limited and ACE INA as borrowers, the financial institutions named therein and others (the "Five Year US Facility"),
in each case as the same may be further amended or restated from time to time.
"US Facility Agreement Loan Parties" means, at any time, any or all of the Account Party, ACE INA, ACE Financial Services Inc., ACE Guaranty Re Inc., ACE Bermuda Insurance Ltd. and ACE Tempest Reinsurance Ltd.
"US Fee Letter" means the fee letter dated 5 March 2001 and made between, inter alia, the Account Party, the arrangers of the US Facility Agreements, JP Morgan Securities Inc. and others.
"US Letter of Credit Agreements" means any and all letter of credit agreements entered into by any borrower pursuant to the Five Year US Facility.
"US Loan Documents" means:
(a) each US Facility Agreement;
(b) the US Notes;
-14-
(c) the US Fee Letter; and
(d) each US Letter of Credit Agreement.
"US Notes" means each promissory note issued or to be issued pursuant to the terms of the US Facility Agreements.
"Utilisation Date" means the date on which a Letter of Credit is to be issued.
"Utilisation Request" means a notice substantially in the form set out in Schedule 4 (Form of Utilisation Request).
"Voting Interests" means shares of capital stock issued by a corporation, or equivalent Equity Interest in any other Person, the holders of which are ordinarily, in the absence of contingencies, entitled to vote for the election of directors (or persons performing similar functions) of such Person, even if the right so to vote has been suspended by the happening of such a contingency.
"Wholly-Owned Consolidated Subsidiary" means any Consolidated Subsidiary all of the shares of capital stock or other ownership interests of which (except directors' qualifying shares) are at the time directly or indirectly owned by the Account Party.
1.2 Interpretation Any reference in this Agreement to:
the "Agent", "Security Trustee" or any "Bank" shall be construed so as to include its and any subsequent successors and permitted transferees in accordance with their respective interests;
"continuing", in the context of an Event of Default shall be construed as a reference to an Event of Default which has not been remedied or waived in accordance with the terms hereof and in relation to a Potential Event of Default, one which has not been remedied within the relevant grace period or waived in accordance with the terms hereof.
the "euro" means the single currency of participating member states of the European Union;
a "holding company" of a company or corporation shall be construed as a reference to any company or corporation of which the first-mentioned company or corporation is a Subsidiary;
a "law" shall be construed as any law (including common or customary law), statute, constitution, decree, judgment, treaty, regulation, directive, bye-law, order or any other legislative measure of any government, supranational, local government, statutory or regulatory body or court;
a "member" shall be construed (as the context may require) as a reference to an underwriting member of Lloyd's;
a "month" is a reference to a period starting on one day in a calendar month and ending on the numerically corresponding day in the next succeeding calendar month save that,
-15-
where any such period would otherwise end on a day which is not a Business Day, it shall end on the next succeeding Business Day, unless that day falls in the calendar month succeeding that in which it would otherwise have ended, in which case it shall end on the immediately preceding Business Day, provided that, if a period starts on the last Business Day in a calendar month or if there is no numerically corresponding day in the month in which that period ends, that period shall end on the last Business Day in that later month (and references to "months" shall be construed accordingly);
a "participating member state" is a reference to a member of the European Communities that adopts or has adopted the euro as its lawful currency in accordance with legislation of the European Union relating to European Monetary Union;
a Bank's "participation", in relation to a Letter of Credit, shall be construed as a reference to the rights and obligations of such Bank in relation to such Letter of Credit as are expressly set out in this Agreement;
a "successor" shall be construed so as to include an assignee or successor in title of such party and any person who under the laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation or domicile has assumed the rights and obligations of such party under this Agreement or to which, under such laws, such rights and obligations have been transferred;
"tax" shall be construed so as to include any tax, levy, impost, duty or other charge of a similar nature (including any penalty or interest payable in connection with any failure to pay or any delay in paying any of the same);
"VAT" shall be construed as a reference to value added tax including any similar tax which may be imposed in place thereof from time to time; and
the "winding-up", "dissolution" or "administration" of a company or corporation shall be construed so as to include any equivalent or analogous proceedings under the law of the jurisdiction in which such company or corporation is incorporated or any jurisdiction in which such company or corporation carries on business including the seeking of liquidation, winding-up, reorganisation, dissolution, administration, arrangement, adjustment, protection or relief of debtors.

1.3     Currency Symbols
        1.3.1   "(Pounds)" and "sterling" denote lawful currency of the United
                Kingdom for the time being.

        1.3.2   "US$" and "dollars" denote lawful currency of the United States
                of America for the time being.	

1.4 Agreements and Statutes Any reference in this Agreement to:

1.4.1   this Agreement or any other agreement or document shall be
        construed as a reference to this Agreement or, as the case may
        be, such other agreement or document as the same may have been,
        or may from time to time be, amended, varied, novated or
        supplemented;	

-16-

1.4.2  a statute or treaty shall be construed as a reference to such
       statute or treaty as the same may have been, or may from time to
       time be, amended or, in the case of a statute, re-enacted; and

1.4.3  a bylaw shall be construed as a reference to a bylaw made under
       Lloyd's Acts 1871 to 1982 as the same may have been, or may from
       time to time be, amended or replaced.	

1.5 Headings Clause and Schedule headings are for ease of reference only.
1.6 Time Any reference in this Agreement to a time of day shall, unless a contrary indication appears, be a reference to London time.
1.7 Accounting Terms and Determinations Unless otherwise specified herein, all accounting terms used herein shall be interpreted, all accounting determinations hereunder shall be made, and all financial statements required to be delivered hereunder shall be prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles as in effect from time to time ("GAAP"), applied on a basis consistent (except for changes concurred in by the Account Party's independent public accountants) with the most recent audited consolidated financial statements of the Account Party and its Consolidated Subsidiaries delivered to the Banks; provided that, if the Account Party notifies the Agent that the Account Party wishes to amend any covenant in Clause 16 (Covenants) to eliminate the effect of any change in generally accepted accounting principles on the operation of such covenant (or if the Agent notifies the Account Party that the Majority Banks wish to amend Clause 16 (Covenants) for such purpose), then the Account Party's compliance with such covenant shall be determined on the basis of generally accepted accounting principles in effect immediately before the relevant change in generally accepted account principals became effective, until either such notice is withdrawn or such covenant is amended in a manner satisfactory to the Account Party and the Majority Banks.
1.8 Third party rights A person who is not a party to this Agreement has no right under the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 to enforce any term of this Agreement.
2. THE FACILITY
2.1 Grant of the Facility The Banks, upon the terms and subject to the conditions hereof, grant to the Account Party a dual currency letter of credit facility in an aggregate amount of (pound)380,000,000.
2.2 Purpose and Application The Facility is intended to support Funds at Lloyd's, and, accordingly, the Account Party shall apply all Letters of Credit issued hereunder in or towards satisfaction of such purpose and none of the Finance Parties shall be obliged to concern themselves with such application.
-17-
2.3 Conditions Precedent Save as the Banks may otherwise agree, the Account Party may not deliver any Utilisation Request unless the Agent has confirmed to the Account Party and the Banks that it has received all of the documents and other evidence listed in Schedule 3 (Conditions Precedent) and that each is, in form and substance, satisfactory to the Agent.
2.4 Several Obligations The obligations of each Bank are several and the failure by a Bank to perform its obligations hereunder and/or under any Letter of Credit issued hereunder shall not affect the obligations of either Obligor towards any other party hereto nor shall any other party be liable for the failure by such Bank to perform its obligations hereunder and/or under such Letter of Credit.
2.5 Several Rights The rights of each Finance Party are several and any debt arising hereunder at any time from an Obligor to any Finance Party shall be a separate and independent debt. Each such party shall be entitled to protect and enforce its individual rights arising out of this Agreement independently of any other party (so that it shall not be necessary for any party hereto to be joined as an additional party in any proceedings for this purpose).
2.6 Cancellation of Original Letters of Credit On and with effect from the Effective Date, all outstanding Original Letters of Credit shall be cancelled and replaced by the Letters of Credit issued after the Commencement Date.
3. UTILISATION OF THE FACILITY
3.1 Utilisation Conditions for the Facility Save as otherwise provided herein, a Letter of Credit will be issued at the request of the Account Party on behalf of an Applicant if:

3.1.1  no later than 10.00 a.m. two Business Days before the proposed
       Utilisation Date, the Agent has received a duly completed
       Utilisation Request from the Account Party;

3.1.2  the proposed Utilisation Date is a Business Day falling within the
       Availability Period;

3.1.3  the proposed Original Sterling Amount of such Letter of Credit is
       less than or equal to the Available Facility;

3.1.4  the proposed Term of the Letter of Credit is a period ending on or
       before the Termination Date;

3.1.5  the Letter of Credit is substantially in the form set out in
       Schedule 6 (Form of Letter of Credit) or in such other form
       requested by the Account Party which is approved by the Banks (such
       approval not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed);

3.1.6  the beneficiary of such Letter of Credit is Lloyd's;

                                 -18-	

3.1.7  on and as of the proposed Utilisation Date:

       (a)  no Event of Default or Potential Event of Default has occurred
            and is continuing; and

       (b)  the Representations are true in all material respects; and

3.1.8  the Agent has received evidence acceptable to it that the Charged
       Portfolio has been delivered to the Custodian and the amount of the
       Charged Portfolio is at least equal to the Required Value.	

3.2 Request for Letters of Credit A single Utilisation Request may be issued in respect of more than one Letter of Credit.
3.3 Completion of Letters of Credit The Agent is authorised to arrange for the issue of any Letter of Credit pursuant to Clause 3.1 (Utilisation Conditions for the Facility) by:

3.3.1  completing the Effective Date of such Letter of Credit;

3.3.2  completing the schedule to such Letter of Credit with the percentage
       participation of each Bank as allocated pursuant to the terms
       hereof; and

3.3.3  executing such Letter of Credit on behalf of each Bank and following
       such execution delivering such Letter of Credit to Lloyd's on the
       Utilisation Date,	

provided that the Agent shall not deliver any such Letter of Credit to Lloyd's unless the Agent is satisfied that:
(a) Lloyd's has cancelled (or will upon such delivery cancel) the Original Letters of Credit; and
(b) all amounts outstanding in respect of the Original Letters of Credit have been paid in full.
3.4 Dollar Option The Account Party may, in a Utilisation Request, request that such Letter of Credit be denominated in dollars in which event such Letter of Credit shall be denominated in dollars.
3.5 Amounts of Letters of Credit The amount of a Letter of Credit shall be:

3.5.1  the Original Sterling Amount of such Letter of Credit, if such
       Letter of Credit is to be denominated in sterling; and

3.5.2  if such Letter of Credit is to be denominated in dollars, the amount
       specified in the Utilisation Request relating thereto.	

-19-
3.6 Each Bank's Participation in Letters of Credit Save as otherwise provided herein, each Bank will participate in each Letter of Credit issued pursuant to this Clause 3 in the proportion borne by its Available Commitment to the Available Facility immediately prior to the issue of such Letter of Credit.
3.7 Cancellation of Commitments On the expiry of the Availability Period the Available Facility and each Bank's Available Commitment shall be reduced to zero.
3.8 Termination Notice Subject to Clause 4.2 (Request for Extension), no later than the date falling 48 months prior to the then-applicable Termination Date of each Letter of Credit, the Agent shall give notice to Lloyd's, in the manner described in that Letter of Credit, terminating that Letter of Credit on that Termination Date (such notice, a "Termination Notice"). The Agent shall promptly send a copy of any Termination Notice to the Account Party and each Bank.
4. EXTENSION OF LETTERS OF CREDIT
4.1 Right to Request Extension Each Bank acknowledges that the Account Party may request one or more extensions of a Letter of Credit hereunder, in accordance with this Clause 4.
4.2 Request for Extension If the Account Party wishes, in any year, to request the extension of a Letter of Credit, the Account Party shall give the Agent notice, by way of a Letter of Credit extension request in the form of Schedule 5 (Form of Extension Request), before the date which falls eight weeks prior to 30 September in that year, specifying that the then-applicable Termination Date of that Letter of Credit is to be extended to 30 September of the year immediately succeeding the year in which that Termination Date falls (such notice being a "Notice of Extension"). A single Notice of Extension may be delivered in respect of more than one Letter of Credit.
4.3 Non-Delivery of Notice of Extension If the Account Party does not deliver a Notice of Extension in respect of one or more Letters of Credit in accordance with the provisions of Clause
4.2 (Request for Extension), the Agent shall give a Termination Notice under Clause 3.8 (Termination Notice) to terminate those Letters of Credit on the then-applicable Termination Date.
4.4 Notification to Banks Upon receipt of a Notice of Extension in any year, the Agent shall promptly notify each Bank of the contents thereof and of the amount of such Bank's participation in the relevant Letter of Credit, together with notice of the applicable Funds Date for such year. Each Bank undertakes to notify the Agent in writing as soon as reasonably practicable after it has determined that it will not agree to an extension requested in any year, and in any event by no later than close of business on the date which falls four weeks prior to 30 September in that year, and the Agent shall give notice thereof to the Account Party within two Business Days of notification from such Bank. Unless notice is given to the
-20-
Agent as aforesaid, each Bank will be deemed automatically to have agreed to such extension.
4.5 Extension of a Letter of Credit

     4.5.1  If all of the Banks agree (or are deemed to have agreed) to the
            extension of the Letter of Credit in accordance with Clause 4.4
            (Notification to Banks), the Agent shall notify the Account Party
            and the Banks thereof and, subject to the provisions of Clause 4.8
            (Extension Conditions Precedent), the Letter of Credit shall be
            automatically extended in accordance with the terms thereof.

     4.5.2  If a Bank gives notice in accordance with the provisions of Clause
            4.4 (Notification to Banks) that it does not agree to a requested
            extension of any Letter of Credit, the Agent shall notify the
            Account Party and Lloyd's accordingly within two Business Days
            thereafter, and the succeeding provisions of this Clause 4 shall
            apply.

4.6  Substitute Bank
     4.6.1  If any Bank (a "Declining Bank") gives notice in accordance with the
            provisions of Clause 4.4 (Notification to Banks) that it does not
            agree to an extension in any year, then the Account Party may
            designate, by the date which falls three weeks prior to 30 September
            in that year, an Approved Credit Institution (the "Substitute Bank")
            which is willing to assume all of the rights and obligations of the
            Declining Bank in respect of its participation in the relevant
            Letter of Credit (the "Old Letter of Credit").

     4.6.2  If the Account Party has designated a Substitute Bank, it shall
            promptly notify the Agent and the Declining Bank thereof and shall
            procure the release by Lloyd's of the Old Letter of Credit from the
            Funds at Lloyd's of the relevant Applicant.

     4.6.3  The Declining Bank shall, with effect from 30 September in that
            year, transfer its rights and obligations hereunder to the
            Substitute Bank in accordance with the provisions of Clause 27.5
            (Transfers by Banks).

     4.6.4  The Substitute Bank shall pay to the Declining Bank all amounts then
            due and owing (and all fees accrued to but excluding the date of
            such transfer) to the Declining Bank in respect of its participation
            in the Old Letter of Credit.

4.7  Replacement Letters of Credit
     4.7.1  If a Substitute Bank has become party hereto pursuant to Clause 4.6
            (Substitute Bank), then, subject to the provisions of Clause 4.8
            (Extension Conditions Precedent), the Banks who have agreed to the
            extension of the Old Letter of Credit in any year (the "Extending
            Banks") shall, together with the Substitute Bank, issue, with effect
            from 30 September in that year, and participate in, a new Letter of
            Credit (the "New Letter of Credit") which shall:

            (a) replace the Old Letter of Credit,

            (b) be in an amount equal to the Old Letter of Credit; and

                                      -21-	

            (c)  have a Termination Date which corresponds with the Termination
                 Date specified in the Notice of Extension.

     4.7.2  If a Substitute Bank has not been designated, then:

            (a)  the Account Party shall procure the release by Lloyd's of the
                 Old Letter of Credit from the Funds at Lloyd's of the relevant
                 Applicant,

            (b)  subject to the provisions of Clause 4.8 (Extension Conditions
                 Precedent), the Extending Banks shall issue, with effect from
                 30 September in that year, and participate in, a new Letter of
                 Credit (the "Reduced Letter of Credit") which shall:

                 (i)   replace their participation in the Old Letter of Credit;

                 (ii)  be in an amount equal to the Old Letter of Credit less
                       the amount of the Declining Bank's participation therein;
                       and

                 (iii) have a Termination Date which corresponds with the
                       Termination Date specified in the Notice of Extension;
                       and

            (c)  the Declining Bank shall issue, with effect from 30 September
                 in that year, and participate in, a separate Letter of Credit
                 (a "Bilateral Letter of Credit") which shall:

                 (i)   replace its participation in the Old Letter of Credit;

                 (ii)  be in an amount equal to the Declining Bank's
                       participation in the Old Letter of Credit; and

                 (iii) have a Termination Date which is the same as the
                       Termination Date of the Old Letter of Credit (as the same
                       may have been extended from time to time with the
                       agreement of the Declining Bank).

4.8  Extension Conditions Precedent
     4.8.1  On or prior to close of business on 30 September in the year
            immediately following the delivery of any Notice of Extension, the
            Account Party shall promptly notify the Agent if:

            (a)  an Event of Default or Potential Event of Default occurs which
                 is continuing;

            (b)  any of the representations and warranties of either or both of
                 the Obligors contained in this Agreement or in the Charge
                 Agreement cease to be correct in all material respects, or
                 become misleading in any material respect; or

            (c)  the Letter of Credit which is the subject of such Notice of
                 Extension ceases solely to be used to support the relevant
                 Applicant's underwriting business at Lloyd's which has been
                 provided in accordance with the requirements of Lloyd's
                 applicable to it.	

-22-

        4.8.2  Subject to due notification to Lloyd's in accordance with the
               provisions of the relevant Letter of Credit, the Banks shall not
               be obliged to agree to any extension requested if the Account
               Party fails to comply with its obligations under Clause 4
               (Extension of Letters of Credit) or if any of the events
               specified in sub-clause 4.8.1 above occurs.

4.9     Cancellation of Bilateral Letters of Credit
        At any time after the issue of a Bilateral Letter of Credit by a
        Declining Bank the Account Party may give the Agent and the Declining
        Bank not less than fourteen days' prior written notice of its intention
        to procure that the liability of the Declining Bank under such Letter of
        Credit is reduced to zero (whereupon it shall do so).

4.10    Mandatory Collateralisation
        If a Letter of Credit is extended in accordance with this Clause 4 and,
        on or prior to the time of such extension, the Account Party had failed
        to comply with its obligations under Clause 4 (Extension of Letters of
        Credit) or any of the events specified in sub-clause 4.8.1 of Clause 4.8
        (Extension Conditions Precedent) had occurred, the Agent may (and, if so
        instructed by the Majority Banks participating in such Letter of Credit,
        shall) require the Account Party to procure that the liabilities of each
        of the Banks under such Letter of Credit are reduced to zero and/or
        provide Cash Collateral for each Bank's L/C Proportion under such Letter
        of Credit.

4.11    Revised Letters of Credit
        In the event that the Funds at Lloyd's Requirements of an Applicant
        change at or around the time of any given Funds Date in terms of amount
        and/or the identity of the Applicant, then, subject to the approval of
        Lloyd's and subject to each Bank's Outstandings under the Letters of
        Credit issued hereunder not being increased other than in accordance
        with Clause 6 (Increase of the Facility), the Banks shall co-operate
        with the Account Party to ensure to the extent reasonably possible that
        the Letters of Credit provide for the revised Funds at Lloyd's
        Requirements of the Applicants.

5.      SUBSTITUTION OF LETTERS OF CREDIT

5.1     Request For Substitution
        At any time prior to the end of the Substitution Period, the Account
        Party may request the cancellation of any existing Letter(s) of Credit
        and the substitution therefor of one or more new Letters of Credit in
        accordance with this Clause 5.

5.2     Substitution Request
        If the Account Party wishes to substitute one or more new Letters of
        Credit under Clause 5.1 (Request For Substitution), the Account Party
        shall give the Agent notice, by way of a duly signed and completed
        Substitution Request, no later than the date falling 30 Business Days
        prior to the proposed Substitution Date.

5.3     Substitution of a Letter of Credit
        5.3.1  Upon receipt of a Substitution Request, the Agent shall promptly
               notify each Bank of the contents thereof and of the amount of
               such Bank's participation in the proposed substitute Letter(s) of
               Credit and, subject to the provisions of Clause 5.4 (Substitution
               Conditions Precedent) and to the acceptance of the

                                      -23-	

             proposed substitution by Lloyd's, there shall be substituted for
             the existing Letter(s) of Credit the subject of the relevant
             Substitution Request new Letter(s) of Credit in accordance with
             the terms of this Clause 5.

     5.3.2   If a new Letter of Credit (the "Substitute Letter of Credit") is to
             be substituted for one or more existing Letters of Credit (the
             "Existing Letters of Credit") pursuant to sub-clause 5.3.1 above,
             the Banks shall issue, with effect from the Substitution Date, and
             participate in, a Substitute Letter of Credit which shall:

             (a)  replace the Existing Letter(s) of Credit;

             (b)  be in an amount equal to or less than the aggregate of all the
                  Existing Letters of Credit; and

             (c)  have the same Termination Date as the Existing Letters of
                  Credit.

5.4  Substitution Conditions Precedent
     5.4.1   On or prior to close of business on the Substitution Date
             immediately following the delivery of any Substitution Request, the
             Account Party shall promptly notify the Agent if:

             (a)  an Event of Default or Potential Event of Default occurs which
                  is continuing;

             (b)  any of the representations and warranties of either or both of
                  the Obligors contained in this Agreement or in the Charge
                  Agreement cease to be correct in all material respects, or
                  become misleading in any material respect; or

             (c)  the Letter of Credit which is the subject of such Substitution
                  Request ceases solely to be used to support the relevant
                  Applicant's underwriting business at Lloyd's which has been
                  provided in accordance with the requirements of Lloyd's
                  applicable to it.

     5.4.2   The Banks shall not be obliged to agree to any substitution
             requested if the Account Party fails to comply with its obligations
             under this Clause 5 (Substitution of Letters of Credit) or if any
             of the events specified in sub-clause 5.4.1 above occurs.	

6. INCREASE OF THE FACILITY
6.1 Request for Increase In the event that the Funds at Lloyd's Requirements of an Applicant increases at or around the time of any given Funds Date and, as a result of such increase, the aggregate amount of the Funds at Lloyd's Requirements of the Applicants on such Funds Date would exceed the aggregate amount of the Banks' Outstandings under the Letters of Credit, the Account Party shall be entitled to request an increase of the amount of the Letter of Credit of such Applicant by giving notice to the Agent no later than eight weeks prior to the Funds Date for such year (the "Increase Request"). The Increase Request shall be made in writing and shall be unconditional and irrevocable and shall specify:
-24-

6.1.1  which Letters of Credit and Applicants the Increase Request relates
       to;

6.1.2  the additional amount of commitments required by the Account Party
       from the Banks; and

6.1.3  any other information relevant to the Increase Request.	

6.2 Notification of Increase Request The Agent shall forward a copy of the Increase Request to the Banks as soon as practicable, and in any event no later than two Business Days after receipt thereof, together with notification of the amount of such Banks' pro rata participation in any such increased Letter of Credit.
6.3 Response to Increase Request If a Bank, in its sole discretion, agrees to the increase requested by the Account Party pursuant to the Increase Request, it shall give notice to the Agent (a "Notice of Increase") accordingly not less than three weeks prior to the Increase Date. If a Bank does not give such Notice of Increase by such date, then such Bank shall be deemed to have refused such increase. Nothing shall oblige a Bank to agree to the Increase Request.
6.4 Notification of Response to Increase Request The Agent shall notify the Account Party in writing of each Bank's decision in relation to the Increase Request (specifying which Banks have given a Notice of Increase, which Banks have actually refused the Increase Request and which Banks are deemed to have refused the Increase Request) no less than two weeks prior to the Increase Date.
6.5 Increase

6.5.1   If one or more of the Banks does not give a Notice of Increase
        (hereinafter referred to as "Refusing Banks"), then the Refusing
        Banks shall not participate in any increase pursuant to the
        Increase Request but shall continue to participate in the Letters
        of Credit to the extent of their existing participation.

6.5.2   If one or more Banks agree to the Increase Request, such Banks'
        participation in the relevant Letter(s) of Credit shall, subject to
        satisfaction of any conditions precedent which may be specified in
        connection therewith, be increased in accordance with the terms of
        the Increase Request.

6.5.3   The Account Party shall co-operate with the Agent, the Banks and
        Lloyd's with respect to the replacement of any Letters of Credit
        required as a result of an Increase Request, and all parties hereto
        shall agree on any necessary replacement Letters of Credit in the
        context of any replacement Letters of Credit required in accordance
        with Clause 4.7 (Replacement Letters of Credit).

6.5.4   The Facility, save as amended pursuant to the Increase Request,
        shall continue to operate in accordance with its terms.	

-25-
7. NOTIFICATION
7.1 Letters of Credit On or before each Utilisation Date, the Agent shall notify each Bank of the Letter of Credit that is to be issued by the Agent on behalf of the Banks, the name of the Applicant in respect of whom the Letter of Credit is being issued, the proposed length of the relevant Term and the aggregate principal amount of the relevant Letter of Credit allocated to such Bank pursuant to this Agreement.
7.2 Demands under Letters of Credit If a demand is made by Lloyd's under a Letter of Credit, the Agent shall promptly make demand upon the Account Party in accordance with this Agreement and notify the Banks accordingly.
8. THE ACCOUNT PARTY'S LIABILITIES IN RELATION TO LETTERS OF CREDIT
8.1 The Account Party's Indemnity to Banks The Account Party shall irrevocably and unconditionally, as a primary obligation, indemnify (on demand by the Agent) each Bank against:

8.1.1   any sum paid or due and payable by such Bank in accordance with the
        terms of any Letter of Credit requested by the Account Party; and

8.1.2   all liabilities, costs (including, without limitation, any costs
        incurred in funding any amount which falls due from such Bank in
        connection with such Letter of Credit), claims, losses and expenses
        which such Bank may at any time properly incur or sustain in
        connection with any Letter of Credit.	

8.2 Preservation of Rights Neither the obligations of the Account Party set out in this Clause 8 nor the rights, powers and remedies conferred on any Bank by this Agreement or by law shall be discharged, impaired or otherwise affected by:

8.2.1   the winding-up, dissolution, administration or re-organisation of
        any Bank or any other person or any change in its status, function,
        control or ownership;

8.2.2   any of the obligations of any Bank or any other person hereunder or
        under any Letter of Credit or under any other security taken in
        respect of the Account Party's obligations hereunder or otherwise
        in connection with any Letter of Credit being or becoming illegal,
        invalid, unenforceable or ineffective in any respect;

8.2.3   time or other indulgence being granted or agreed to be granted to
        any Bank or any other person in respect of its obligations
        hereunder or under or in connection with any Letter of Credit or
        under any such other security;

8.2.4   any amendment to, or any variation, waiver or release of, any
        obligation of any Bank or any other person under any Letter of
        Credit or this Agreement; or

8.2.5   any other act, event or omission which, but for this Clause 8,
        might operate to discharge, impair or otherwise affect any of the
        obligations of the Account Party

                                 -26-	

     set out in this Clause 8 or any of the rights, powers or remedies
     conferred upon any Bank by this Agreement or by law.	

The obligations of the Account Party set out in this Clause 8 shall be in addition to and independent of every other security which any Bank may at any time hold in respect of the Account Party's obligations hereunder.
8.3 Settlement Conditional Any settlement or discharge between the Account Party and a Bank shall be conditional upon no security or payment to such Bank by the Account Party or any other person on behalf of the Account Party, being avoided or reduced by virtue of any laws relating to bankruptcy, insolvency, liquidation or similar laws of general application and, if any such security or payment is so avoided or reduced, such Bank shall be entitled to recover the value or amount of such security or payment from the Account Party subsequently as if such settlement or discharge had not occurred.
8.4 Right to make Payments under Letters of Credit Each Bank shall be entitled to make any payment in accordance with the terms of the relevant Letter of Credit without any reference to or further authority from the Account Party or any other investigation or enquiry. The Account Party irrevocably authorises each Bank to comply with any demand under a Letter of Credit which is valid on its face.
8.5 Revaluation of Outstandings On each L/C Valuation Date, the Agent shall calculate the amount of the Outstandings (having regard to changes in the Sterling Amounts of the Letters of Credit which may arise as a result of currency fluctuations), and the Agent shall notify the Account Party of the amount, if any (the "Excess Amount"), by which the Outstandings exceed 105 per cent. of the aggregate Commitments of the Banks on such date, and the Account Party shall secure such Excess Amount by providing Cash Collateral in an amount not less than the Excess Amount, provided that if the Account Party provides Cash Collateral as aforesaid and, on any succeeding L/C Valuation Date, the Excess Amount as determined on such date (the "New Excess Amount") is:

8.5.1   less than the amount of the Cash Collateral provided at such time,
        the Agent shall deliver to the Account Party an amount equal to the
        difference between the amount of such Cash Collateral and the New
        Excess Amount; or

8.5.2   greater than the amount of Cash Collateral provided at such time,
        the Account Party shall deliver to the Agent an amount equal to the
        amount by which the New Excess Amount exceeds the amount of such
        Cash Collateral.	

9. CANCELLATION and COLLATERALISATION
9.1 Cancellation/Cash Collateralisation of Letters of Credit The Account Party may give the Agent not less than fourteen days' prior notice of its intention to procure that the liability of each Bank under a Letter of Credit requested by it is reduced to zero (whereupon it shall do so) or provide Cash Collateral for each Bank's L/C Proportion under such Letter of Credit (whereupon it shall do so).
-27-
9.2 Notice of Cancellation or Collateralisation Any notice of cancellation or collateralisation given by the Account Party pursuant to this Clause 9 shall be irrevocable, shall specify the date upon which such cancellation or collateralisation is to be made and the amount of such cancellation or collateralisation and shall oblige the Account Party to procure such cancellation or collateralisation on such date.
9.3 Notice of Removal of a Bank

If:

9.3.1  any sum payable to any Bank by the Account Party is required to
       be increased pursuant to Clause 10.1 (Tax Gross-up); or

9.3.2  any Bank claims indemnification from the Account Party under
       Clause 10.2 (Tax Indemnity) or Clause 12.1 (Increased Costs),	

the Account Party may, whilst such circumstance continues, give the Agent at least ten Business Days' notice (which notice shall be irrevocable) of its intention to cancel, and/or provide Cash Collateral in respect of the Commitment of such Bank.
9.4 Removal of a Bank On the day the notice referred to in Clause 9.3 (Notice of Removal of a Bank) expires, the Account Party shall procure either that such Bank's L/C Proportion of each relevant Letter of Credit be reduced to zero (by reduction of the amount of such Letter of Credit in an amount equal to such Bank's L/C Proportion) or that Cash Collateral be provided in an amount equal to such Bank's L/C Proportion of such Letter of Credit.
9.5 No Further Availability A Bank for whose account a repayment is to be made under Clause 9.3 (Notice of Removal of a Bank) shall not be obliged to participate in the making of any Letter of Credit on or after the date upon which the Agent receives the Account Party's notice of its intention to procure the repayment of such Bank's share of the Outstandings, and such Bank's Available Commitment shall be reduced to zero.
9.6 No Other Repayments or Cancellation The Account Party shall not repay or cancel all or any part of the Outstandings except at the times and in the manner expressly provided for in this Agreement.
10. TAXES

10.1   Tax Gross-up
       All payments to be made by an Obligor to any Finance Party hereunder
       shall be made free and clear of and without deduction for or on account
       of tax unless such Obligor is required to make such a payment subject to
       the deduction or withholding of tax, in which case the sum payable by
       such Obligor (in respect of which such deduction or withholding is
       required to be made) shall be increased to the extent necessary to ensure
       that such Finance Party receives a sum net of any deduction or
       withholding equal to the sum which it would have received had no such
       deduction or withholding been made or required to be made.

                                      -28-	

10.2   Tax Indemnity
       Without prejudice to Clause 10.1 (Tax Gross-up), if any Finance Party is
       required to make any payment of or on account of tax on or in relation to
       any sum received or receivable hereunder (including any sum deemed for
       purposes of tax to be received or receivable by such Finance Party
       whether or not actually received or receivable) or if any liability in
       respect of any such payment is asserted, imposed, levied or assessed
       against any Finance Party, the Account Party shall, upon demand of the
       Agent, promptly indemnify the Finance Party which suffers a loss or
       liability as a result against such payment or liability, together with
       any interest, penalties, costs and expenses payable or incurred in
       connection therewith, provided that this Clause 10.2 shall not apply to:

       10.2.1  any tax imposed on and calculated by reference to the net income
               actually received or receivable by such Finance Party by the
               jurisdiction in which such Finance Party is incorporated; or

       10.2.2  any tax imposed on and calculated by reference to the net income
               of the Facility Office of such Finance Party actually received or
               receivable by such Finance Party by the jurisdiction in which its
               Facility Office is located.

10.3   Claims by Banks
       A Bank intending to make a claim pursuant to Clause 10.2 (Tax Indemnity)
       shall notify the Agent of the event giving rise to the claim, whereupon
       the Agent shall notify the Account Party thereof.

11.    TAX RECEIPTS

11.1   Notification of Requirement to Deduct Tax
       If, at any time, an Obligor is required by law to make any deduction or
       withholding from any sum payable by it hereunder (or if thereafter there
       is any change in the rates at which or the manner in which such
       deductions or withholdings are calculated), such Obligor shall promptly,
       upon becoming aware of the same, notify the Agent.

11.2   Evidence of Payment of Tax
       If an Obligor makes any payment hereunder in respect of which it is
       required to make any deduction or withholding, it shall pay the full
       amount required to be deducted or withheld to the relevant taxation or
       other authority within the time allowed for such payment under applicable
       law and shall deliver to the Agent for each Bank, within thirty days
       after it has made such payment to the applicable authority, an original
       receipt (or a certified copy thereof) issued by such authority evidencing
       the payment to such authority of all amounts so required to be deducted
       or withheld in respect of that Bank's share of such payment.

11.3   Tax Credit Payment
       If an additional payment is made under Clause 10 (Taxes) by an Obligor
       for the benefit of any Finance Party and such Finance Party, in its sole
       discretion, determines that it has obtained (and has derived full use and
       benefit from) a credit against, a relief or remission for, or repayment
       of, any tax, then, if and to the extent that such Finance Party, in its
       sole opinion, determines that:

                                      -29-	

       11.3.1  such credit, relief, remission or repayment is in respect of or
               calculated with reference to the additional payment made pursuant
               to Clause 10 (Taxes); and

       11.3.2  its tax affairs for its tax year in respect of which such credit,
               relief, remission or repayment was obtained have been finally
               settled,

       such Finance Party shall, to the extent that it can do so without
       prejudice to the retention of the amount of such credit, relief,
       remission or repayment, pay to such Obligor such amount as such Finance
       Party shall, in its sole opinion, determine to be the amount which will
       leave such Finance Party (after such payment) in no worse after-tax
       position than it would have been in had the additional payment in
       question not been required to be made by such Obligor.

11.4   Tax Credit Clawback
       If any Finance Party makes any payment to an Obligor pursuant to Clause
       11.3 (Tax Credit Payment) and such Finance Party subsequently determines,
       in its sole opinion, that the credit, relief, remission or repayment in
       respect of which such payment was made was not available or has been
       withdrawn or that it was unable to use such credit, relief, remission or
       repayment in full, the Obligor shall reimburse such Finance Party such
       amount as such Finance Party determines, in its sole opinion, is
       necessary to place it in the same after-tax position as it would have
       been in if such credit, relief, remission or repayment had been obtained
       and fully used and retained by such Finance Party.

11.5   Tax and Other Affairs
       No provision of this Agreement shall interfere with the right of any
       Finance Party to arrange its tax or any other affairs in whatever manner
       it thinks fit, oblige any Finance Party to claim any credit, relief,
       remission or repayment in respect of any payment under Clause 10.1 (Tax
       Gross-up) in priority to any other credit, relief, remission or repayment
       available to it nor oblige any Finance Party to disclose any information
       relating to its tax or other affairs or any computations in respect
       thereof.

12.    INCREASED COSTS

12.1   Increased Costs

       If, by reason of (a) any change in law or in its interpretation or
       administration and/or (b) compliance with any request or requirement
       relating to the maintenance of capital or any other request from or
       requirement of any central bank or other fiscal, monetary or other
       authority (being a request or requirement with which banks are accustomed
       to comply) and/or (c) the introduction of, changeover to or operation of
       the euro in any participating member state:

       12.1.1  a Bank or any holding company of such Bank is unable to obtain
               the rate of return on its capital which it would have been able
               to obtain but for such Bank's entering into or assuming or
               maintaining a commitment, issuing or performing its obligations
               under this Agreement or any Letter of Credit;

       12.1.2  a Bank or any holding company of such Bank incurs a cost as a
               result of such Bank's entering into or assuming or maintaining a
               commitment, issuing or performing its obligations under this
               Agreement or any Letter of Credit; or

                                      -30-	

       12.1.3  there is any increase in the cost to a Bank or any holding
               company of such Bank of funding or maintaining such Bank's share
               of any Unpaid Sum or any Letter of Credit,

       then the Account Party shall, from time to time on demand of the Agent,
       promptly pay to the Agent for the account of that Bank amounts sufficient
       to indemnify that Bank or to enable that Bank to indemnify its holding
       company from and against, as the case may be, (a) such reduction in the
       rate of return of capital, (b) such cost or (c) such increased cost.

12.2   Increased Costs Claims
       A Bank intending to make a claim pursuant to Clause 12.1 (Increased
       Costs) shall notify the Agent of the event giving rise to such claim and
       the amount of such claim and the basis for calculation of such amount in
       reasonable detail whereupon the Agent shall notify the Account Party
       thereof.

12.3   Exclusions
       Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Clause 12, no Bank shall
       be entitled to make any claim under this Clause 12 in respect of:

       12.3.1  any cost, increased cost or liability as referred to in Clause
               12.1 (Increased Costs) to the extent the same is compensated by
               the Mandatory Liquid Asset Costs Rate; or

       12.3.2  any cost, increased cost or liability compensated by Clause 10
               (Taxes).

13.    ILLEGALITY
       If, at any time, it is or will become unlawful or prohibited pursuant to
       any request from or requirement of any central bank or other fiscal,
       monetary or other authority (being a request or requirement with which
       banks are accustomed to comply) for a Bank to fund, issue, participate in
       or allow to remain outstanding all or part of its share of the Letters of
       Credit, then that Bank shall, promptly after becoming aware of the same,
       deliver to the Account Party through the Agent a notice to that effect
       and:

       13.1.1  such Bank shall not thereafter be obliged to participate in any
               Letter of Credit or issue any Letter of Credit (whichever shall
               be so affected) and the amount of its Available Commitment shall
               be immediately reduced to zero; and

       13.1.2  if the Agent on behalf of such Bank so requires, the Account
               Party shall on such date as the Agent shall have specified ensure
               that the liabilities of such Bank under or in respect of each
               affected Letter of Credit are reduced to zero or otherwise
               secured by providing Cash Collateral in an amount equal to such
               Bank's L/C Proportion of such Letters of Credit or such Bank's
               maximum actual or contingent liabilities under such Letter of
               Credit.

14.    MITIGATION

       If, in respect of any Bank, circumstances arise which would or would upon
       the giving of notice result in:

                                      -31-	

       14.1.1  an increase in any sum payable to it or for its account pursuant
               to Clause 10.1 (Tax Gross-up);

       14.1.2  a claim for indemnification pursuant to Clause 10.2 (Tax
               Indemnity) or Clause 12.1 (Increased Costs); or

       14.1.3  the reduction of its Available Commitment to zero or any
               repayment to be made pursuant to Clause 13 (Illegality),

       then, without in any way limiting, reducing or otherwise qualifying the
       rights of such Bank or the obligations of the Obligors under any of the
       Clauses referred to in sub-clauses 14.1.1, 14.1.2 and 14.1.3 such Bank
       shall promptly upon becoming aware of such circumstances notify the Agent
       thereof and, in consultation with the Agent and the Account Party and to
       the extent that it can do so lawfully and without prejudice to its own
       position, take reasonable steps (including a change of location of its
       Facility Office or the transfer of its rights, benefits and obligations
       hereunder to another financial institution which is an Approved Credit
       Institution and which is acceptable to the Account Party and willing to
       participate in the Facility) to mitigate the effects of such
       circumstances, provided that such Bank shall be under no obligation to
       take any such action if, in the opinion of such Bank, to do so might have
       any adverse effect upon its business, operations or financial condition
       (other than any minor costs and expenses of an administrative nature).

15.    REPRESENTATIONS

       The Obligors jointly and severally represent and warrant on the
       Commencement Date that:

15.1   Corporate Existence and Power
       The Account Party is a company limited by shares, and the Guarantor is a
       limited liability company, and in each case, is duly incorporated and
       validly existing under the laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation and
       the Account Party is in good standing under the laws of the Cayman
       Islands. Each of the Obligors has all corporate powers and all material
       governmental licenses, authorisations, consents and approvals required to
       carry on its respective business as now conducted. The Guarantor is a
       Wholly-Owned Consolidated Subsidiary of the Account Party.

15.2   Corporate and Governmental Authorisation; No Contravention
       The execution, delivery and performance by each Obligor of this Agreement
       and the other Finance Documents to which it is a party are within its
       corporate powers, have been duly authorised by all necessary corporate
       action, require no action by or in respect of, or filing with, any
       governmental body, agency or official and do not contravene, or
       constitute a default under, any provision of applicable law or regulation
       or of the memorandum of association, articles of association or bye-laws
       (or any comparable document) of any Obligor or of any agreement,
       judgment, injunction, order, decree or other instrument binding upon any
       Obligor or any of their respective Subsidiaries or result in the creation
       or imposition of any Lien (excluding the provision of Security pursuant
       to this Agreement) on any asset of any Obligor or any of their respective
       Subsidiaries.

                                      -32-	

15.3   Binding Effect
       Each of this Agreement and the other Finance Documents to which any
       Obligor is a party constitutes a valid and binding agreement of each
       Obligor enforceable in accordance with its terms, subject to bankruptcy,
       insolvency or other laws of general application affecting the enforcement
       of creditors rights, the application of equitable principles and the
       non-availability of the equitable remedies of specific performance or
       injunctive relief.

15.4   Financial Information
       15.4.1  The consolidated balance sheet of the Account Party and its
               Consolidated Subsidiaries as of 31 December 2001, and the related
               consolidated statements of operations and of cash flows for the
               fiscal year then ended, reported on by PricewaterhouseCoopers
               LLP, copies of which have been delivered to each of the Banks
               prior to the Commencement Date, fairly present, in all material
               respects, in conformity with GAAP, the consolidated financial
               position of the Account Party and its Consolidated Subsidiaries
               as of such date and their consolidated results of operations and
               cash flows for such fiscal year.

       15.4.2  The unaudited consolidated balance sheet of the Account Party and
               its Consolidated Subsidiaries as of 30 June 2002, and the related
               unaudited consolidated statements of operations and of cash flows
               for the six months then ended, copies of which have been
               delivered to each of the Banks prior to the Commencement Date,
               fairly present, in all material respects, in conformity with GAAP
               (except for the absence of footnotes) applied on a basis
               consistent with the financial statements referred to in
               sub-clause 15.4.1, the consolidated financial position of the
               Account Party and its Consolidated Subsidiaries as of such date
               and their consolidated results of operations and cash flows for
               such six month period (subject to normal year-end adjustments).

       15.4.3  Since 30 June 2002, there has been no material adverse change in
               the business, financial position or results of operations of the
               Account Party and its Consolidated Subsidiaries, considered as a
               whole.

       15.4.4  The consolidated balance sheet of the Guarantor and its
               Consolidated Subsidiaries as of 31 December 2001, and the related
               consolidated statements of operations and retained earnings and
               of cash flows for the fiscal year then ended, all reported on by
               PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, copies of which have been delivered
               to each of the Banks prior to the Commencement Date, fairly
               present, in all material respects in conformity with GAAP, the
               consolidated financial position of the Guarantor and its
               Consolidated Subsidiaries as of such date and their consolidated
               results of operations and retained earnings and cash flows for
               such fiscal year.

       15.4.5  Since 31 December 2001, there has been no material adverse change
               in the business, financial position or results of operations of
               the Guarantor and its Consolidated Subsidiaries, considered as a
               whole.

                                      -33-	

15.5   Litigation
       Except as disclosed in the notes to the financial statements referred to
       in sub-clause 15.4.1 of Clause 15.4 (Financial Information), and except
       for insurance claims made in the context of the ordinary course of
       business of the Group, there is no action, suit or proceeding pending
       against, or to the knowledge of the Account Party threatened against or
       affecting, the Account Party or any of its Subsidiaries before any court
       or arbitrator or any governmental body, agency or official in which there
       is a reasonable likelihood of an adverse decision which could materially
       adversely affect the business, consolidated financial position or
       consolidated results of operations of the Account Party and its
       Consolidated Subsidiaries, considered as a whole, or which in any manner
       draws into question the validity or enforceability of this Agreement or
       any other Finance Document.

15.6   Taxes
       The Account Party and its Subsidiaries have filed all material income tax
       returns and all other material tax returns which are required to be filed
       by them and have paid all taxes due pursuant to such returns or pursuant
       to any assessment received by the Account Party or any Subsidiary. The
       charges, accruals and reserves on the books of the Account Party and its
       Subsidiaries in respect of taxes or other governmental charges are, in
       the opinion of the Account Party, adequate.

15.7   Written Information
       All written information supplied by any member of the Group which is
       factual, is true, complete and accurate in all material respects as at
       the date it was given and is not misleading in any material respect and
       all financial projections so supplied have been prepared on the basis of
       recent historical information and on the basis of reasonable assumptions.

15.8   Compliance with Laws
       The Account Party and each Subsidiary are in compliance, in all material
       respects, with all applicable laws, ordinances, rules, regulations,
       guidelines and other requirements of governmental authorities except
       where the necessity of compliance therewith is contested in good faith by
       appropriate proceedings and any reserves required under generally
       accepted accounting principles with respect thereto have been established
       and except where any such failure could not reasonably be expected to
       materially adversely affect the business, consolidated financial position
       or consolidated results of operations of the Account Party and its
       Consolidated Subsidiaries, considered as a whole.

15.9   Lien
       15.9.1  Each Obligor has good and marketable title in and to its portion
               of the Security free and clear of all Liens (except the Lien
               created under the Finance Documents and subject to the interest
               of the Custodian under the Finance Documents and to "Permitted
               Liens" as defined in the Charge Agreement).

       15.9.2  The Charge Agreement creates in favour of the Security Trustee,
               for the benefit of the Banks, a valid and enforceable first
               priority Lien on all of the Security, subject to the interest of
               the Custodian under the Finance Documents.

       15.9.3  Neither Obligor has outstanding, nor is any Obligor contractually
               bound to create, any Lien on or with respect to any of the
               Security, subject to the interest

                                      -34-	

                of the Custodian under the Finance Documents and to "Permitted
                Liens" as defined in the Charge Agreement.

       15.9.4   Neither Obligor is subject to any agreement, judgment,
                injunction, order, decree or other instrument or any law or
                regulation which would prevent or otherwise interfere with such
                Obligor's obligations to deliver Security in the amounts, at the
                times and as otherwise provided in the Charge Agreement, subject
                to the interest of the Custodian under the Finance Documents.

       The representations contained in this Clause 15.9 shall only be made on
       the date hereof and shall only be repeated on each day commencing on the
       date on which the Pricing Level is Level V.

15.10  Validity and Admissibility in Evidence
       All acts, conditions and things required to be done, fulfilled and
       performed in order:

       15.10.1  to enable each Obligor lawfully to enter into, exercise its
                rights under and perform and comply with the obligations
                expressed to be assumed by it in the Finance Documents to which
                it is a party,

       15.10.2  to ensure that the obligations expressed to be assumed by it in
                the Finance Documents to which it is a party are legal, valid,
                binding and enforceable; and

       15.10.3  to make the Finance Documents to which it is a party admissible
                in evidence in its jurisdiction of incorporation,

       have been done, fulfilled and performed (subject to any exception
       contained in the legal opinions provided as conditions precedent).

15.11  Claims Pari Passu
       Under the laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation in force at the date
       of this Agreement, the claims of the Finance Parties against each Obligor
       under this Agreement will rank at least pari passu with the claims of all
       its other unsecured and unsubordinated creditors save those claims which
       are preferred solely by any bankruptcy, insolvency, liquidation or other
       similar laws of general application or are mandatorily preferred by law
       applying to insurance companies generally.

15.12  No Filing or Stamp Taxes
       Under the laws of the jurisdiction of incorporation of each Obligor in
       force at the date of this Agreement, it is not necessary that the Finance
       Documents to which it is party be filed, recorded or enrolled with any
       court or other authority in such jurisdiction or that any stamp,
       registration or similar tax be paid on or in relation to the Finance
       Documents to which it is party.

15.13  No Winding-up
       No Obligor or Material Subsidiary has taken any corporate action nor have
       any other steps been taken or legal proceedings been started or (to the
       best of its knowledge and belief) threatened against any Obligor or
       Material Subsidiary for its winding-up, dissolution, administration or
       re-organisation (whether by voluntary arrangement, scheme of arrangement
       or otherwise) or for the appointment of a receiver, administrator,

                                      -35-	

       administrative receiver, conservator, custodian, trustee or similar
       officer of it or of any or all of its assets or revenues.

15.14  No Default
       No Default has occurred and is continuing.

16.    COVENANTS

       The Account Party agrees that, so long as any Original Letter of Credit
       or any Letter of Credit is in effect or any Outstandings remain unpaid:

16.1   Information
       The Account Party will deliver to the Agent in sufficient copies for the
       Banks:

       16.1.1    as soon as available and in any event within 90 days after the
                 end of each fiscal year of the Account Party, a consolidated
                 balance sheet of the Account Party and its Consolidated
                 Subsidiaries as of the end of such fiscal year and the related
                 consolidated statements of operations and of cash flows for
                 such fiscal year, setting forth in each case in comparative
                 form the figures for the previous fiscal year, all reported on
                 in a manner acceptable to the Securities and Exchange
                 Commission of the United States of America or otherwise
                 reasonably acceptable to the Majority Banks by
                 PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP or other independent public
                 accountants of internationally recognised standing;

       16.1.2    as soon as available and in any event within 45 days after the
                 end of each of the first three quarters of each fiscal year of
                 the Account Party, a consolidated balance sheet of the Account
                 Party and its Consolidated Subsidiaries as of the end of such
                 quarter and the related consolidated statements of operations
                 and of cash flows for such quarter and for the portion of the
                 Account Party's fiscal year ended at the end of such quarter,
                 setting forth in the case of such statements of operations and
                 cash flows in comparative form the figures for the
                 corresponding quarter and the corresponding portion of the
                 Account Party's previous fiscal year, all certified (subject to
                 normal year-end adjustments) as to fairness of presentation,
                 generally accepted accounting principles and consistency by the
                 chief financial officer or the chief accounting officer of the
                 Account Party;

       16.1.3    simultaneously with the delivery of each set of financial
                 statements referred to in sub-clauses 16.1.1 and 16.1.2, a
                 certificate of the chief financial officer or the chief
                 accounting officer of the Account Party (a) setting forth in
                 reasonable detail the calculations required to establish
                 whether the Account Party was in compliance with the
                 requirements of Clauses 16.7 (Adjusted Consolidated Debt to
                 Total Capitalisation Ratio) to 16.9 (Liens), inclusive, on the
                 date of such financial statements and (b) stating whether any
                 Default exists on the date of such certificate and, if any
                 Default then exists, setting forth the details thereof and the
                 action which the Account Party is taking or proposes to take
                 with respect thereto;

       16.1.4    within five days after any executive officer of the Account
                 Party obtains knowledge of any Default, if such Default is then
                 continuing, a certificate of the chief financial officer or the
                 chief accounting officer of the Account Party

                                      -36-	

                 setting forth the details thereof and the action which the
                 Account Party is taking or proposes to take with respect
                 thereto;

       16.1.5    promptly upon the mailing thereof to the shareholders of the
                 Account Party generally, copies of all financial statements,
                 reports and proxy statements so mailed;

       16.1.6    promptly upon the filing thereof, copies of all registration
                 statements (other than the exhibits thereto and any
                 registration statements on Form S-8 or its equivalent) and
                 reports on Forms 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K (or their equivalents)
                 which the Account Party shall have filed with the Securities
                 and Exchange Commission of the United States of America;

       16.1.7    as soon as available and in any event within 20 days after
                 submission, each statutory statement of the Guarantor in the
                 form submitted to The Insurance Division of the Office of
                 Registrar of Companies of Bermuda;

       16.1.8    as soon as available and in any event within 120 days after the
                 end of each fiscal year of the Guarantor, a consolidated
                 balance sheet of the Guarantor and its Consolidated
                 Subsidiaries as of the end of such fiscal year and the related
                 statements of income and changes in financial position for such
                 fiscal year, setting forth in each case in comparative form the
                 figures for the previous fiscal year, all reported on by the
                 independent public accountants which reported on the financial
                 statements referred to in sub-clause 16.1.1;

       16.1.9    promptly after any executive officer of the Account Party
                 obtains knowledge thereof:

                 (a)    a copy of any notice from the Supervisor of Insurance or
                        the Registrar of Companies or any other Person of the
                        revocation, the suspension or the placing of any
                        restriction or condition on the registration as an
                        insurer of the Guarantor under the Bermuda Insurance Law
                        or of the institution of any proceeding or investigation
                        which could result in any such revocation, suspension or
                        placing of such a restriction or condition;

                 (b)    copies of any correspondence by, to or concerning the
                        Guarantor relating to an investigation conducted by the
                        Minister of Finance, whether pursuant to Section 132 of
                        the Bermuda Companies Law or otherwise; and

                 (c)    a copy of any notice of or requesting or otherwise
                        relating to the winding up or any similar proceeding of
                        or with respect to the Guarantor; and

       16.1.10   from time to time such additional information regarding the
                 financial position, results of operations or business of the
                 Account Party or any of its Subsidiaries as the Agent, at the
                 request of any Bank, may reasonably request from time to time.

                                      -37-	

16.2  Payment of Obligations
      The Account Party will pay and discharge, and will cause each Subsidiary
      to pay and discharge, at or before maturity, all their respective material
      obligations and liabilities, including, without limitation, tax
      liabilities, except where the same may be contested in good faith by
      appropriate proceedings, and will maintain, and will cause each Subsidiary
      to maintain, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles,
      appropriate reserves for the accrual of any of the same.

16.3  Maintenance of Property; Insurance.

      16.3.1  The Account Party will keep, and will cause each Subsidiary to
              keep, all property useful and necessary in its business in good
              working order and condition, ordinary wear and tear excepted.

      16.3.2  The Account Party will maintain, and will cause each Subsidiary to
              maintain, insurance with responsible and reputable insurance
              companies or associations in such amounts and covering such risks
              as is usually carried by companies engaged in similar businesses
              and owning similar properties in the same general areas in which
              the Account Party or such Subsidiary operates (it being understood
              that the foregoing shall not apply to maintenance of reinsurance
              or similar matters which shall be solely within the reasonable
              business judgement of the Account Party and its Subsidiaries). The
              Account Party will deliver to the Banks upon request of any Bank
              through the Agent from time to time, full information as to the
              insurance carried.

16.4  Conduct of Business and Maintenance of Existence
      The Account Party will continue, and will cause each Subsidiary to
      continue, to engage in business of the same general type as now conducted
      by the Account Party and its Subsidiaries, and will preserve, renew and
      keep in full force and effect, and will cause each Subsidiary to preserve,
      renew and keep in full force and effect, their respective existence and
      their respective rights, privileges and franchises necessary or desirable
      in the normal conduct of business; provided that nothing in this Clause
      16.4 shall prohibit:

      16.4.1  the merger of a Subsidiary (other than the Guarantor) into the
              Account Party or the merger or consolidation of a Subsidiary
              (other than the Guarantor) with or into another Person if the
              corporation surviving such consolidation or merger is a Subsidiary
              and if, in each case, after giving effect thereto, no Default
              shall have occurred and be continuing;

      16.4.2  any merger of any Obligor permitted by Clause 16.10
              (Consolidations, Mergers and Sale of Assets); or

      16.4.3  the termination of:

              (a)  the corporate existence; or

              (b)  any rights, privileges and franchises of any Subsidiary
                   (other than the Guarantor),

                                      -38-	

              if, in each case, the Account Party in good faith determines that
              such termination is in the best interest of the Account Party and
              is not materially disadvantageous to the Banks.

16.5  Compliance with Laws
      The Account Party will comply, and cause each Subsidiary to comply, in all
      material respects with all applicable laws, ordinances, rules,
      regulations, guidelines and other requirements of governmental authorities
      except where the necessity of compliance therewith is contested in good
      faith by appropriate proceedings and any reserves required under generally
      accepted accounting principles with respect thereto have been established
      and except where any such failure to comply could not reasonably be
      expected to materially adversely affect the business, consolidated
      financial position or consolidated results of operations of the Account
      Party and its Consolidated Subsidiaries, considered as a whole.

16.6  Inspection of Property, Books and Records
      The Account Party will keep, and will cause each Subsidiary to keep,
      proper books of records and account in accordance with generally accepted
      accounting principles in which full, true and correct entries shall be
      made of all dealings and transactions in relation to its business and
      activities; and will permit, and will cause each Subsidiary to permit,
      representatives of any Bank at such Bank's expense to visit and inspect
      any of their respective properties, to examine and make abstracts from any
      of their respective books and records and to discuss their respective
      affairs, finances and accounts with their respective officers, employees
      and independent public accountants, all at such reasonable times on
      reasonable notice and as often as may reasonably be desired.

16.7  Adjusted Consolidated Debt to Total Capitalisation Ratio
      The Account Party shall maintain at all times a ratio of Adjusted
      Consolidated Debt to Total Capitalisation of not more than 0.35 to 1.

16.8  Consolidated Net Worth
      The Account Party shall maintain at all times Consolidated Net Worth in an
      amount at least equal to the sum of:

      16.8.1  US$3,600,000,000,

      plus

      16.8.2  25 per cent. of Consolidated Net Income for each fiscal quarter of
              the Account Party ending on and after 31 March 2000 for which such
              Consolidated Net Income is positive.

16.9  Liens
      Neither the Account Party nor any Subsidiary will create, incur, assume or
      suffer to exist, or permit any of its Subsidiaries to create, incur,
      assume or suffer to exist, any Lien on or with respect to any of its
      properties of any character (including, without limitation, accounts)
      whether now owned or hereafter acquired, or assign, or permit any of its
      Subsidiaries to assign, any accounts or other right to receive income,
      except:

      16.9.1  Liens created under the US Loan Documents;

                                      -39-	

      16.9.2  Permitted Liens;

      16.9.3  Liens described in Schedule 10 (Existing Liens);

      16.9.4  purchase money Liens upon or in real property or equipment
              acquired or held by the Account Party or any of its Subsidiaries
              in the ordinary course of business to secure the purchase price of
              such property or equipment or to secure Debt incurred solely for
              the purpose of financing the acquisition, construction or
              improvement of any such property or equipment to be subject to
              such Liens, or Liens existing on any such property or equipment at
              the time of acquisition or within 180 days following such
              acquisition (other than any such Liens created in contemplation of
              such acquisition that do not secure the purchase price), or
              extensions, renewals or replacements or any of the foregoing for
              the same or a lesser amount, provided, however, that no such Lien
              shall extend to or cover any property other than the property or
              equipment being acquired, constructed or improved, and no such
              extension, renewal or replacement shall extend to or cover any
              property not theretofore subject to the Lien being extended,
              renewed or replaced;

      16.9.5  Liens arising in connection with Capitalised Leases, provided that
              no such Lien shall extend to or cover any assets other than the
              assets subject to such Capitalised Leases;

      16.9.6  (a) any Lien existing on any asset of any Person at the time such
              Person becomes a Subsidiary and not created in contemplation of
              such event, (b) any Lien on any asset of any Person existing at
              the time such Person is merged or consolidated with or into the
              Account Party or any of its Subsidiaries in accordance with Clause
              16.10 (Consolidations, Mergers and Sales of Assets) and not
              created in contemplation of such event and (c) any Lien existing
              on any asset prior to the acquisition thereof by the Account Party
              or any of its Subsidiaries and not created in contemplation of
              such acquisition;

      16.9.7  Liens securing obligations under credit default swap transactions
              determined by reference to, or Contingent Obligations in respect
              of, Debt issued by the Account Party or one of its Subsidiaries;
              such Debt not to exceed an aggregate principal amount of
              US$550,000,000;

      16.9.8  Liens arising in the ordinary course of its business which:

              (a)  do not secure Debt; and

              (b)  do not in the aggregate materially detract from the value of
                   its assets or materially impair the use thereof in the
                   operation of its business;

      16.9.9  Liens on cash and Approved Investments securing Hedge Agreements
              arising in the ordinary course of business;

      16.9.10 other Liens securing Debt or other obligations outstanding in an
              aggregate principal or face amount not to exceed at any time 5 per
              cent. of Consolidated Net Worth;

                                      -40-	

      16.9.11 Liens consisting of deposits made by the Account Party or any
              insurance Subsidiary with any insurance regulatory authority or
              other statutory Liens or Liens or claims imposed or required by
              applicable insurance law or regulation against the assets of the
              Account Party or any insurance Subsidiary, in each case in favour
              of policyholders of the Account Party or such insurance Subsidiary
              or an insurance regulatory authority and in the ordinary course of
              the Account Party's or such insurance Subsidiary's business;

      16.9.12 Liens on Investments and cash balances of the Account Party or any
              insurance Subsidiary (other than capital stock of any Subsidiary)
              securing obligations of the Account Party or any insurance
              Subsidiary in respect of:

              (a)  letters of credit obtained in the ordinary course of
                   business; and/or

              (b)  trust arrangements formed in the ordinary course of business
                   for the benefit of cedents to secure reinsurance or insurance
                   obligations owed to them by the Account Party or any
                   insurance Subsidiary;

      16.9.13 the replacement, extension or renewal of any Lien permitted by
              sub-clause 16.9.2 or 16.9.5 of this Clause 16.9 upon or in the
              same property theretofore subject thereto or the replacement,
              extension or renewal (without increase in the amount (other than
              in respect of fees, expenses and premiums, if any) or change in
              any direct or contingent obligor) of the Debt secured thereby;

      16.9.14 Liens securing obligations owed by the Account Party to any
              Subsidiary or by any Subsidiary to the Account Party or any other
              Subsidiary;

      16.9.15 Liens incurred in the ordinary course of business in favour of
              financial intermediaries and clearing agents pending clearance of
              payments for investment or in the nature of set-off, banker's lien
              or similar rights as to deposit accounts or other funds;

      16.9.16 judgement or judicial attachment Liens, provided that the
              enforcement of such Liens is effectively stayed;

      16.9.17 Liens on any assets of the Obligors created pursuant to the
              Finance Documents;

      16.9.18 Liens arising in connection with certain equity proceeds received
              on or about 12 September 2000 (plus interest accrued thereon)
              placed in a segregated account in support of (or pledged as
              collateral for) the Account Party's guarantee of the
              US$412,372,000 principal amount of Auction Rate Reset Subordinated
              Notes Series A issued by ACE INA to ACE RHINOS Trust on 30 June
              1999;

      16.9.19 Liens arising in connection with Securitisation Transactions,
              provided that the aggregate principal amount of the investment or
              claim held at any time by all purchasers, assignees or other
              transferees of (or of interests in) receivables and other rights
              to payment in all Securitisation Transactions shall not exceed
              US$250,000,000;

                                      -41-	

      16.9.20 Liens on securities arising out of repurchase agreements with a
              term of not more than three months entered into with "Lenders"
              (as such term is defined in the Five Year US Facility) or their
              Affiliates or with securities dealers of recognised standing;
              provided that (but without prejudice to sub-clause 16.9.10) the
              aggregate amount of all assets of the Account Party and its
              Subsidiaries subject to such agreements shall not at any time
              exceed US$800,000,000; and

      16.9.21 Liens securing up to an aggregate amount of US$200,000,000 of
              obligations of ACE Tempest Reinsurance Ltd, the Account Party or
              any wholly owned subsidiary, arising out of catastrophe bond
              financing.	

16.10 Consolidations, Mergers and Sales of Assets
16.10.1 No Obligor will consolidate with or merge into any other Person, provided that if both immediately before and after giving effect thereto no Default shall have occurred and be continuing, then:
(a) the Guarantor may merge or consolidate with any other Person so long as the surviving entity is the Guarantor or a Wholly-Owned Consolidated Subsidiary of the Account Party and, if the Guarantor is not the surviving entity, such surviving entity shall have assumed the obligations of the Guarantor hereunder pursuant to an instrument in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Majority Banks and shall have delivered such opinions of counsel with respect thereto as the Agent may reasonably request; and
(b) the Account Party may merge with another Person so long as the Account Party is the surviving entity.
16.10.2 No Obligor will sell, lease or otherwise transfer, directly or indirectly, all or any substantial part of its assets to any other Person (excluding sales of investment securities in the ordinary course of business).
16.11 No Amendments The Account Party shall not amend or waive, or utilise or rely on any waiver of, any provision of any Security Document that may be entered into without the written consent of the Agent, the Security Trustee and the Majority Banks.
16.12 Maintenance of Legal Validity Each Obligor shall obtain, comply with the terms of and do all that is necessary to maintain in full force and effect all authorisations, approvals, licences and consents required in or by the laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation to enable it lawfully to enter into and perform its obligations under the Finance Documents to which it is a party and to ensure the legality, validity, enforceability or admissibility in evidence in its jurisdiction of incorporation of the Finance Documents to which it is a party.
16.13 Claims Pari Passu Each Obligor shall ensure that at all times the claims of the Finance Parties against it under this Agreement ranks at least pari passu with the claims of all its other unsecured and unsubordinated creditors save those claims which are preferred by any bankruptcy,
-42-
insolvency, liquidation or other similar laws of general application or are mandatorily preferred by law applying to insurance companies generally.
17. EVENTS OF DEFAULT

      Each of Clause 17.1 (Failure to Pay) to Clause 17.17 (Custodian's
      Undertaking) describes circumstances which constitute an Event of Default
      for the purposes of this Agreement.

17.1  Failure to Pay
      The Account Party shall fail to reimburse any drawing under any Letter of
      Credit when required hereunder or shall fail to pay within five Business
      Days of the due date thereof any interest or fees or other amounts payable
      hereunder or under any other Finance Document or the Guarantor shall fail
      to pay when due any such reimbursement obligations, interest, fees or
      other amounts payable hereunder provided that, for the purposes of this
      Clause 17.1, no such payment default by the Account Party shall be
      continuing if the Guarantor pays the amount thereof at the time and
      otherwise in the manner provided in Clause 30 (Guarantee and Indemnity).

17.2  Specific Covenants
      The Account Party shall fail to observe or perform any covenant (a)
      contained in Clauses 16.7 (Adjusted Consolidated Debt to Total
      Capitalisation Ratio) to Clause 16.10 (Consolidations, Mergers and Sale of
      Assets) inclusive or (b) contained in Clause 18.1 (Letter of Credit
      Commission).

17.3  Other Obligations
      Any Obligor shall fail to observe or perform any covenant or agreement
      contained in this Agreement or in any other Finance Document (other than
      those covered by Clause 17.1 (Failure to Pay) or Clause 17.2 (Specific
      Covenants)) and such failure, if, in the reasonable opinion of the
      Majority Banks, it is capable of remedy, is not remedied within 30 days
      after notice thereof has been given to the Account Party by the Agent at
      the request of any Bank.

17.4  Misrepresentation
      Any representation, warranty, certification or statement made by any
      Obligor in this Agreement or in any other Finance Document or in any
      certificate, financial statement or other document delivered pursuant to
      this Agreement or any other Finance Document shall prove to have been
      incorrect in any material respect when made (or deemed made).

17.5  Cross-default
      The Account Party or any Subsidiary shall fail to make any payment in
      respect of any Material Financial Obligations when due or within any
      applicable grace period.

17.6  Cross-Acceleration
      Any event or condition shall occur which results in the acceleration of
      the maturity of any Material Debt or enables (or, with the giving of
      notice or lapse of time or both, would enable) the holder of such Material
      Debt or any Person acting on such holder's behalf to accelerate the
      maturity thereof.

                                      -43-	

17.7  Winding-up of the Account Party or the Guarantor

      17.7.1  A resolution or other similar action is passed authorising the
              voluntary winding up of the Account Party or any other similar
              action with respect to the Account Party or a petition is filed
              for the winding up of the Account Party or the taking of any other
              similar action with respect to the Account Party in the Grand
              Court of the Cayman Islands (except in the case of any frivolous
              or vexatious steps or proceedings started by any Person who is not
              a member of the Group where such steps or proceedings are
              dismissed within 30 days); or

      17.7.2  any corporate action is taken authorising the winding up, the
              liquidation, any arrangement or the taking of any other similar
              action of or with respect to the Guarantor or authorising any
              corporate action to be taken to facilitate any such winding up,
              liquidation, arrangement or other similar action or any petition
              shall be filed seeking the winding up, the liquidation, any
              arrangement or the taking of any other similar action of or with
              respect to the Guarantor by the Registrar of Companies in Bermuda,
              one or more holders of insurance policies or reinsurance
              certificates issued by the Guarantor or by any other Person or
              Persons or any petition shall be presented for the winding up of
              the Guarantor to a court of Bermuda as provided under the Bermuda
              Companies Law and in either such case such petition shall remain
              undismissed and unstayed for a period of 60 days or any creditors'
              or members' voluntary winding up of the Guarantor as provided
              under the Bermuda Companies Law shall be commenced or any receiver
              shall be appointed by a creditor of the Guarantor or by a court of
              Bermuda on the application of a creditor of the Guarantor as
              provided under any instrument giving rights for the appointment of
              a receiver.

17.8  Execution or Distress
      A proceeding shall be commenced by any Person seeking execution or
      distress over or possession of the assets of either Obligor or any
      substantial part thereof or any similar remedy and such proceedings shall
      remain undismissed and unstayed for a period of 60 days.

17.9  Insolvency and Rescheduling
      An Obligor or Material Subsidiary shall commence a voluntary case or other
      proceeding seeking liquidation, reorganisation or other relief with
      respect to itself or its debts under any bankruptcy, insolvency or other
      similar law now or hereafter in effect or seeking the appointment of a
      trustee, receiver, liquidator, custodian or other similar official of it
      or any substantial part of its property, or shall consent to any such
      relief or to the appointment of or taking possession by any such official
      in an involuntary case or other proceeding commenced against it or shall
      make a general assignment for the benefit of creditors, or shall fail
      generally to pay its debts as they become due, or shall take any corporate
      action to authorise any of the foregoing; or an involuntary case or other
      proceeding shall be commenced against an Obligor or Material Subsidiary	

seeking liquidation, reorganisation or other relief with respect to it or its debts under any bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law now or hereafter in effect or seeking the appointment of a trustee, receiver, liquidator, custodian or other similar official of it or any substantial part of its property, and such involuntary case or other proceeding shall remain undismissed and unstayed for a period of 60 days; or an order for relief shall be
-44-
entered against an Obligor or Material Subsidiary under the United States federal bankruptcy laws as now or hereafter in effect.
17.10 Analogous Proceedings There occurs, in relation to an Obligor or Material Subsidiary in any country or territory in which any of them carries on business or in any jurisdiction where any part of their assets is subject, any event which corresponds in that country or territory with any of those mentioned in Clause 17.7 (Winding-up of the Account Party or the Guarantor) to Clause
17.9 (Insolvency and Rescheduling) above.
17.11 Failure to comply with Judgment A final judgment or order for the payment of money in excess of US$100,000,000 shall be rendered against an Obligor or Material Subsidiary and such judgment or order shall continue unsatisfied and unstayed for a period of 30 days.
17.12 Ownership of the Account Party and the Guarantor
17.12.1 Any Person or two or more Persons acting in concert shall have acquired beneficial ownership (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 of the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 of the United States of America, as amended), directly or indirectly, of Voting Interests of the Account Party
(or other securities convertible into such Voting Interests) representing 30 per cent. or more of the combined voting power of all Voting Interests of the Account Party; or
17.12.2 during any period of 12 consecutive calendar months, individuals who were directors of the Account Party on the first day of such period shall cease to constitute a majority of the board of directors of the Account Party; or
17.12.3 any Person or two or more Persons acting in concert shall have acquired, by contract or otherwise, or shall have entered into a contract or arrangement that results in its or their acquisition of the power to exercise, directly or indirectly, a controlling influence over the management or policies of the Account Party; or
17.12.4 the Guarantor ceases to be a Wholly-Owned Consolidated Subsidiary of the Account Party.
17.13 Illegality At any time it is or becomes unlawful for either Obligor to perform or comply with any or all of its obligations hereunder or under any of the Finance Documents or any court or arbitrator or any governmental body, agency or official which has jurisdiction in the matter shall decide, rule or order that any provision of any of the Finance Documents is invalid or unenforceable in any material respect, or either Obligor shall so assert in writing.
17.14 Revocation of Registration The registration of the Guarantor as an insurer shall be revoked, suspended or otherwise have restrictions or conditions placed upon it unless, in the case of the placing of any such restrictions or conditions, such restrictions or conditions could not have a material adverse effect on the interests of the Finance Parties under the Finance Documents.
-45-
17.15 Security If the Obligors are required to grant security pursuant to sub-clause 18.1.2 of Clause 18.1 (Letter of Credit Commission) and they fail to deliver Security at the times, in the amounts or as otherwise specified in the Finance Documents or the Lien created pursuant thereto on the Security shall at any time or for any reason cease to be a valid, enforceable and first priority Lien on any of the Security or either Obligor shall fail to observe or perform any covenant relating to the delivery of the Security and the perfection of the first priority charge and security interest created therein contained in any other Finance Document, provided that if the market value of the Charged Portfolio falls below the Required Value or the Charged Portfolio fails to satisfy the Security Trustee's Requirements (as defined in the Charge Agreement), such circumstances shall not constitute an Event of Default if the market value of the Charged Portfolio is restored to the Required Value and/or, as the case may be, the Security Trustee's Requirements are satisfied in each case within five Business Days of notification by the Security Trustee on behalf of the Banks of the breach of clause 4 of the Charge Agreement or, if earlier, within five Business Days of either Obligor becoming aware of such breach.
17.16 Finance Documents Any provision of any Finance Document is repudiated, terminated, amended or waived by any party thereto without the written consent of the Agent, the Security Trustee and the Majority Banks.
17.17 Custodian's Undertaking In the event that the Obligors are required to grant Security pursuant to sub-clause 18.1.2 of Clause 18.1 (Letter of Credit Commission), the Custodian fails to observe or perform any material provision of the Custodian's Undertaking and such failure, if in the reasonable opinion of the Majority Banks it is capable of remedy, is not remedied within 30 days after notice thereof has been given to the Custodian by the Account Party or by the Agent at the request of any Bank.
17.18 Acceleration and Cancellation Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default at any time thereafter while that Event of Default is continuing, the Agent may (and, if so instructed by the Majority Banks, shall) by notice to the Account Party:
17.18.1 require the Account Party to procure that the liabilities of each of the Banks under each Letter of Credit are promptly reduced to zero and/or provide Cash Collateral for each Letter of Credit in an amount specified by the Agent (whereupon the Account Party shall do so); and/or
17.18.2 declare that any unutilised portion of the Facility shall be cancelled, whereupon the same shall be cancelled and the Available Commitment of each Bank shall be reduced to zero; and
17.18.3 (in the event that the Obligors have granted Security pursuant to sub-clause 18.1.2 of Clause 18.1 (Letter of Credit Commission), direct the Security Trustee to exercise all rights and remedies of a mortgagee or a secured party at such time including, without limitation, the right to take possession of any or all of the assets subject to the Security Documents and the books and records relating
-46-

              thereto, with or without judicial process. For the purposes of the
              preceding sentence, the Security Trustee may enter upon any or all
              of the premises where any of the assets subject to the Security
              Documents, such other security or books or records may be situated
              and take possession and remove the same therefrom.

18.   COMMISSION and FEES

18.1  Letter of Credit Commission

      18.1.1  The Account Party shall, in respect of each Letter of Credit
              requested by it, pay to the Agent for the account of each Bank
              (for distribution in proportion to each Bank's L/C Proportion of
              such Letter of Credit) a letter of credit commission in sterling
              at the L/C Commission Rate on the maximum actual and contingent
              liabilities of the Banks under the relevant Letter of Credit. Such
              Letter of Credit Commission shall be paid quarterly in arrear in
              respect of each successive period of three months (or such shorter
              period as shall end on the Termination Date of the relevant Letter
              of Credit) which begins during the Term of the relevant Letter of
              Credit, commencing from the Effective Date of such Letter of
              Credit, and payable on the first day of each such period
              thereafter.

      18.1.2  If the Pricing Level reaches Level V (each as defined in Schedule
              9 (Pricing Schedule)), the Required Value (for the avoidance of
              doubt, the Obligors will not each be required to grant Security to
              the Required Value) shall (subject to Section 25.21.3) be
              increased to an amount equal to the aggregate amount of the
              Letters of Credit issued hereunder, and each Obligor shall
              promptly (and in any event within five Business Days) perform its
              obligations under clause 4 of the Charge Agreement. Upon the
              Security Trustee being satisfied that each Obligor has performed
              its obligations under clause 4 of the Charge Agreement, and having
              received legal opinions in form and substance satisfactory to the
              Security Trustee (acting reasonably) opining that the Charge
              Agreement creates in favour of the Security Trustee on behalf of
              the Banks a valid and enforceable first priority Lien on all of
              the Security (subject to such qualifications and assumptions as
              are customarily made by leading firms of solicitors in giving
              legal opinions of that nature), the L/C Commission Rate shall
              become 0.15 per cent. and the Security Trustee shall notify all
              parties hereto accordingly.

      18.1.3  Any change to the L/C Commission Rate shall take effect on the day
              on which the event giving rise to such change occurs (whether
              pursuant to Schedule 9 (Pricing Schedule) or pursuant to
              sub-clause 18.1.2).

      18.1.4  Any unpaid Letter of Credit Commission payable in respect of each
              Original Letter of Credit shall be paid in full by the Account
              Party by no later than the Effective Date.

18.2  Arrangement Fees
      The Account Party shall pay to the Lead Arranger the fees specified in the
      letter dated 14 October 2002 from the Lead Arrangers to the Account Party
      at the times, and in the amounts, specified in such letter.

                                      -47-	

18.3   Agency Fee
       The Account Party shall pay to the Agent for its own account the agency
       fees specified in the letter dated 14 October 2002 from the Agent to the
       Account Party at the times, and in the amounts, specified in such letter.

18.4   Participation Fees
       The Account Party shall pay to the Lead Arrangers the participation fees
       specified in the letter dated 14 October 2002 from the Lead Arrangers to
       the Account Party at the times, and in the amounts, specified in such
       letter. These fees shall be distributed by the Lead Arrangers among
       certain of the Banks in accordance with the arrangements agreed by the
       Lead Arrangers with such Banks prior to the Commencement Date.

19.    COSTS and EXPENSES

19.1   Transaction Expenses
       The Account Party shall, from time to time within thirty days of demand
       of the Agent, reimburse the Agent and the Arrangers for all reasonable
       costs and expenses (including legal fees) together with any VAT thereon
       incurred by them in connection with the negotiation, preparation and
       execution of the Finance Documents, any other document referred to in the
       Finance Documents and the completion of the transactions therein
       contemplated.

19.2   Preservation and Enforcement of Rights
       19.2.1   The Account Party shall, from time to time on demand of the
                Agent, reimburse the Finance Parties for all costs and expenses
                (including legal fees) properly incurred on a full indemnity
                basis together with any VAT thereon incurred in or in connection
                with the preservation and/or enforcement of any of the rights of
                the Finance Parties under the Finance Documents and any document
                referred to in the Finance Documents (including, without
                limitation, any costs and expenses relating to any investigation
                as to whether or not an Event of Default might have occurred or
                is likely to occur or any steps necessary or desirable in
                connection with any proposal for remedying or otherwise
                resolving a Default).

       19.2.2   In the event that the Obligors have granted Security pursuant to
                sub-clause 18.1.2 of Clause 18.1 (Letter of Credit Commission)
                and if, by reason of a subsequent breach of clause 4 of the
                Charge Agreement by either Obligor, any Bank incurs a capital
                cost or is unable to continue to obtain the rate of return
                obtained by it hereunder at the date the Security is granted or
                at the date it becomes party hereto as a Bank, the Obligors
                shall on demand of the Agent, promptly pay to the Agent for the
                account of the Bank amounts sufficient to indemnify that Bank
                from and against such cost or loss in return.

19.3   Stamp Taxes
       The Account Party shall pay all stamp, registration and other taxes to
       which the Finance Documents, any other document referred to in the
       Finance Documents or any judgment given in connection therewith is or at
       any time may be subject and to which it is a party and shall, from time
       to time on demand of the Agent, indemnify the Finance Parties against any
       liabilities, costs, claims and expenses resulting from any failure to pay
       or any delay in paying any such tax.

                                      -48-	

19.4   Amendment Costs
       If an Obligor requests any amendment, waiver or consent to any Finance
       Document then the Account Party shall, within thirty days of demand by
       the Agent, reimburse the Finance Parties for all reasonable costs and
       expenses (including legal fees) together with any VAT thereon incurred by
       such persons in responding to or complying with such request.

19.5   Banks' Liabilities for Costs
       If the Account Party fails to perform any of its obligations under this
       Clause 19 each Bank shall, in its Proportion, indemnify each of the Agent
       and the Arrangers against any loss incurred by any of them as a result of
       such failure.

20.    DEFAULT INTEREST and BREAK COSTS

20.1   Default Interest
       If any sum due and payable by an Obligor hereunder is not paid on the due
       date therefor in accordance with Clause 23 (Payments) or if any sum due
       and payable by an Obligor under any judgment of any court in connection
       herewith is not paid on the date of such judgment, the period beginning
       on such due date or, as the case may be, the date of such judgment and
       ending on the date upon which the obligation of such Obligor to pay such
       sum is discharged shall be divided into successive periods, each of which
       (other than the first) shall start on the last day of the preceding such
       period and the duration of each of which shall (except as otherwise
       provided in this Clause 20) be selected by the Agent.

20.2   Default Interest Rate
       An Unpaid Sum shall bear interest during each Term in respect thereof at
       the rate per annum which is the sum from time to time of two per cent.
       and LIBOR on the Quotation Date therefor.

20.3   Payment of Default Interest
       Any interest which shall have accrued under Clause 20.1 (Default
       Interest) in respect of an Unpaid Sum shall be due and payable and shall
       be paid by the relevant Obligor, together with any Mandatory Liquid Asset
       Costs Rate in respect thereof on the last day of each Term in respect
       thereof or on such other dates as the Agent may specify by notice to the
       relevant Obligor.

20.4   Break Costs
       If any Bank or the Agent on its behalf receives or recovers all or any
       part of an Unpaid Sum otherwise than on the last day of a Term relating
       thereto, the Account Party shall pay to the Agent on demand for the
       account of such Bank an amount equal to the amount (if any) by which:

       20.4.1   the additional interest which would have been payable on the
                amount so received or recovered had it been received or
                recovered on the last day of that Term

       exceeds

       20.4.2   the amount of interest which in the opinion of the Agent (acting
                reasonably) would have been payable to the Agent on the last day
                of that Term in respect of

                                      -49-	

          a deposit in the currency of the amount so received or recovered equal
          to the amount so received or recovered placed by it with a prime bank
          in London for a period starting on the first Business Day following
          the date of such receipt or recovery and ending on the last day of
          that Term.

21.    INDEMNITIES

21.1   Company's Indemnity
       The Account Party undertakes to indemnify:

       21.1.1  each Finance Party against any reasonable cost, claim, loss,
               expense (including legal fees) or liability together with any VAT
               thereon, whether or not reasonably foreseeable, which it may
               sustain or incur as a consequence of the occurrence of any Event
               of Default or any default by an Obligor in the performance of any
               of the obligations expressed to be assumed by it in the Finance
               Documents;

       21.1.2  the Agent against any reasonable cost or loss it may suffer or
               incur as a result of its entering into, or performing, any
               foreign exchange contract for the purposes of Clause 23
               (Payments);

       21.1.3  each Bank against any reasonable cost or loss it may suffer under
               Clause 19.5 (Banks' Liabilities for Costs) or Clause 26.5
               (Indemnification); and

       21.1.4  each Bank against any reasonable cost or loss it may suffer or
               incur as a result of its issuing or making arrangements to issue
               a Letter of Credit requested by the Account Party hereunder but
               not issued by reason of the operation of any one or more of the
               provisions hereof.

21.2   Currency Indemnity
       If any sum (a "Sum") due from an Obligor under the Finance Documents or
       any order or judgment given or made in relation thereto has to be
       converted from the currency (the "First Currency") in which such Sum is
       payable into another currency (the "Second Currency") for the purpose of:

       21.2.1  making or filing a claim or proof against such Obligor;

       21.2.2  obtaining an order or judgment in any court or other tribunal; or

       21.2.3  enforcing any order or judgment given or made in relation
               thereto,

       the Account Party shall indemnify each person to whom such Sum is due
       from and against any loss suffered or incurred as a result of any
       discrepancy between (a) the rate of exchange used for such purpose to
       convert such Sum from the First Currency into the Second Currency and (b)
       the rate or rates of exchange available to such person at its prevailing
       spot rate at the time of receipt of such Sum.

                                      -50-	

22.    CURRENCY OF ACCOUNT AND PAYMENT

22.1   Currency of Account
       Sterling is the currency of account and payment for each and every sum at
       any time due from an Obligor hereunder, provided that:

       22.1.1  each sum falling due by an Obligor hereunder in relation to any
               demand made under a Letter of Credit or in relation to any
               reimbursement of the Banks pursuant to a demand made under a
               Letter of Credit shall be made in the currency of the demand;

       22.1.2  each payment of interest shall be made in the currency in which
               the sum in respect of which such interest is payable is
               denominated;

       22.1.3  each payment in respect of costs and expenses shall be made in
               the currency in which the same were incurred;

       22.1.4  each payment pursuant to Clause 10.2 (Tax Indemnity) or Clause
               12.1 (Increased Costs) shall be made in the currency specified by
               the party claiming thereunder; and

       22.1.5  any amount expressed to be payable in a currency other than
               sterling shall be paid in that other currency.

23.    PAYMENTS

23.1   Payments to the Agent
       On each date on which this Agreement requires an amount to be paid by an
       Obligor, such Obligor shall make the same available to the Agent for
       value on the due date at such time and in such funds and to such account
       with such bank as the Agent shall specify from time to time upon
       reasonable advance notice to such Obligor.

23.2   Payments by the Agent
       Save as otherwise provided herein, each payment received by the Agent
       pursuant to Clause 23.1 (Payments to the Agent) shall be made available
       by the Agent to the person entitled to receive such payment in accordance
       with this Agreement (in the case of a Bank, for the account of its
       Facility Office) for value the same day by transfer to such account of
       such person with such bank in the principal financial center of the
       country of the currency of such payment as such person shall have
       previously notified to the Agent.

23.3   No Set-off
       All payments required to be made by an Obligor hereunder shall be
       calculated without reference to any set-off or counterclaim and shall be
       made free and clear of and without any deduction for or on account of any
       set-off or counterclaim.

23.4   Clawback
       Where a sum is to be paid hereunder to the Agent for the account of
       another person, the Agent shall not be obliged to make the same available
       to that other person or to enter into or perform any exchange contract in
       connection therewith until it has been able to establish to its
       satisfaction that it has actually received such sum, but if it does so
       and it proves to be the case that it had not actually received such sum,
       then the person to whom

                                      -51-	

       such sum or the proceeds of such exchange contract was so made available
       shall on request refund the same to the Agent together with an amount
       sufficient to indemnify the Agent against any cost or loss it may have
       suffered or incurred by reason of its having paid out such sum or the
       proceeds of such exchange contract prior to its having received such sum.

23.5   Partial Payments
       If and whenever a payment is made by an Obligor hereunder and the Agent
       receives an amount less than the due amount of such payment the Agent may
       apply the amount received towards the obligations of the Obligors under
       this Agreement in the following order:

       23.5.1  first, in or towards payment of any unpaid costs and expenses of
               each of the Agent and the Arrangers;

       23.5.2  second, in or towards payment pro rata of any accrued interest,
               Letter of Credit Commission or fees payable to any Bank hereunder
               due but unpaid;

       23.5.3  third, in or towards payment pro rata of any Outstandings due but
               unpaid; and

       23.5.4  fourth, in or towards payment pro rata of any other sum due but
               unpaid.

23.6   Variation of Partial Payments
       The order of partial payments set out in Clause 23.5 (Partial Payments)
       shall override any appropriation made by the Obligors to which the
       partial payment relates but the order set out in sub-clauses 23.5.2,
       23.5.3 and 23.5.4 of Clause 23.5 (Partial Payments) may be varied if
       agreed by all the Banks.

23.7   Appropriations of proceeds of enforcement of Security
       If the Agent recovers any moneys from the enforcement of any Finance
       Document in its capacity as Agent or Security Trustee thereunder, it
       shall apply the money recovered in the following order:

       23.7.1  first, in payment of all costs, charges, expenses and liabilities
               (and all interest thereon as provided in the Finance Documents)
               incurred by or on behalf of the Agent and the Security Trustee
               and any receiver, attorney or agent in connection with the due
               performance of its duties and exercise of its powers and
               discretions under the Finance Documents and the remuneration of
               the Agent, the Security Trustee and every receiver under the
               Finance Documents;

       23.7.2  secondly, in or towards payment pro rata of any due but unpaid
               costs and expenses of the Agent, the Arrangers and the Banks
               under the Finance Documents;

       23.7.3  thirdly, in or towards payment pro rata of any accrued interest,
               Letter of Credit Commission or fees due but unpaid under this
               Agreement;

       23.7.4  fourthly, in or towards payment pro rata of any Outstandings due
               but unpaid under this Agreement;

                                      -52-	

       23.7.5  fifthly, in or towards payment pro rata of any other sum due but
               unpaid under the Finance Documents; and

       23.7.6  sixthly, in payment of the surplus (if any) to the Account Party
               or any other person entitled thereto.

       The order of application of money recovered in this Clause may only be
       varied with the consent of all the Banks.

24.    SET-OFF

24.1   Contractual Set-off
       Each Obligor authorises each Bank at any time after an Event of Default
       has occurred which is continuing to apply any credit balance to which
       such Obligor is entitled on any account of such Obligor with such Bank in
       satisfaction of any sum due and payable from such Obligor to such Bank
       hereunder (whether by way of collateralisation or otherwise) but unpaid.
       For this purpose, each Bank is authorised to purchase with the moneys
       standing to the credit of any such account such other currencies as may
       be necessary to effect such application.

24.2   Set-off not Mandatory
       No Bank shall be obliged to exercise any right given to it by Clause 24.1
       (Contractual Set-off).

25.    SHARING

25.1   Payments to Banks
       If a Bank (a "Recovering Bank") applies any receipt or recovery from an
       Obligor to a payment due under this Agreement and such amount is received
       or recovered other than in accordance with Clause 23 (Payments), then
       such Recovering Bank shall:

       25.1.1  notify the Agent of such receipt or recovery;

       25.1.2  at the request of the Agent, promptly pay to the Agent an amount
               (the "Sharing Payment") equal to such receipt or recovery less
               any amount which the Agent determines may be retained by such
               Recovering Bank as its share of any payment to be made in
               accordance with Clause 23.5 (Partial Payments).

25.2   Redistribution of Payments
       The Agent shall treat the Sharing Payment as if it had been paid by the
       relevant Obligor and distribute it between the Finance Parties (other
       than the Recovering Bank) in accordance with Clause 23.5 (Partial
       Payments).

25.3   Recovering Bank's Rights
       The Recovering Bank will be subrogated to the rights of the parties which
       have shared in a redistribution pursuant to Clause 25.2 (Redistribution
       of Payments) in respect of the Sharing Payment (and the relevant Obligor
       shall be liable to the Recovering Bank in an amount equal to the Sharing
       Payment) in place of any corresponding liability to the parties which
       have shared in the redistribution.

                                      -53-	

25.4   Repayable Recoveries
       If any part of the Sharing Payment received or recovered by a Recovering
       Bank becomes repayable and is repaid by such Recovering Bank, then:

       25.4.1  each party which has received a share of such Sharing Payment
               pursuant to Clause 25.2 (Redistribution of Payments) shall, upon
               request of the Agent, pay to the Agent for account of such
               Recovering Bank an amount equal to its share of such Sharing
               Payment; and

       25.4.2  such Recovering Bank's rights of subrogation in respect of any
               reimbursement shall be cancelled and the relevant Obligor will be
               liable to the reimbursing party for the amount so reimbursed.

25.5   Exception
       This Clause 25 shall not apply if the Recovering Bank would not, after
       making any payment pursuant hereto, have a valid and enforceable claim
       against the relevant Obligor.

25.6   Recoveries Through Legal Proceedings
       If any Bank intends to commence any action in any court it shall give
       prior notice to the Agent and the other Banks. If any Bank shall commence
       any action in any court to enforce its rights hereunder and, as a result
       thereof or in connection therewith, receives any amount, then such Bank
       shall not be required to share any portion of such amount with any Bank
       which has the legal right to, but does not, join in such action or
       commence and diligently prosecute a separate action to enforce its rights
       in another court.

26.    THE AGENT, THE ARRANGERS AND THE BANKS

26.1   Appointment of the Agent
       The Arrangers and each of the Banks hereby appoints the Agent to act as
       its agent in connection herewith and authorises the Agent to exercise
       such rights, powers, authorities and discretions as are specifically
       delegated to the Agent by the terms hereof together with all such rights,
       powers, authorities and discretions as are reasonably incidental thereto.

26.2   Agent's Discretions
       The Agent may:

       26.2.1  assume, unless it has, in its capacity as agent for the Banks,
               received notice to the contrary from any other party hereto, that
               (a) any representation made or deemed to be made by an Obligor in
               connection with the Finance Documents is true, (b) no Event of
               Default or Potential Event of Default has occurred, (c) no
               Obligor is in breach of or default under its obligations under
               the Finance Documents and (d) any right, power, authority or
               discretion vested therein upon the Majority Banks, the Banks or
               any other person or group of persons has not been exercised;

       26.2.2  assume that the Facility Office of each Bank is that notified to
               it by such Bank in writing prior to the date hereof (or, in the
               case of a Transferee, at the end of

                                      -54-	

               the Transfer Certificate to which it is a party as Transferee)
               until it has received from such Bank a notice designating some
               other office of such Bank to replace its Facility Office and act
               upon any such notice until the same is superseded by a further
               such notice;

       26.2.3  engage and pay for the advice or services of any lawyers,
               accountants, surveyors or other experts whose advice or services
               may to it seem necessary, expedient or desirable and rely upon
               any advice so obtained;

       26.2.4  rely as to any matters of fact which might reasonably be expected
               to be within the knowledge of an Obligor upon a certificate
               signed by or on behalf of such Obligor;

       26.2.5  rely upon any communication or document believed by it to be
               genuine;

       26.2.6  refrain from exercising any right, power or discretion vested in
               it as agent hereunder unless and until instructed by the Majority
               Banks as to whether or not such right, power or discretion is to
               be exercised and, if it is to be exercised, as to the manner in
               which it should be exercised;

       26.2.7  refrain from acting in accordance with any instructions of the
               Majority Banks to begin any legal action or proceeding arising
               out of or in connection with the Finance Documents until it shall
               have received such security as it may require (whether by way of
               payment in advance or otherwise) for all costs, claims, losses,
               expenses (including legal fees) and liabilities together with any
               VAT thereon which it will or may expend or incur in complying
               with such instructions; and

       26.2.8  assume (unless it has specific notice to the contrary) that any
               notice or request made by the Account Party is made on behalf of
               both Obligors.

26.3   Agent's Obligations
       The Agent shall:

       26.3.1  promptly inform each Bank of the contents of any notice or
               document received by it in its capacity as Agent from an Obligor
               under the Finance Documents and shall promptly deliver to each
               Bank a copy of each Letter of Credit delivered to Lloyd's
               pursuant to Clause 3.3 (Completion of Letters of Credit);

       26.3.2  promptly notify each Bank of the occurrence of any Event of
               Default or any default by an Obligor in the due performance of or
               compliance with its obligations under the Finance Documents of
               which the Agent has notice from any other party hereto;

       26.3.3  save as otherwise provided herein, act as agent under the Finance
               Documents in accordance with any instructions given to it by an
               Majority Banks, which instructions shall be binding on the
               Arrangers and the Banks; and

       26.3.4  if so instructed by the Majority Banks, refrain from exercising
               any right, power or discretion vested in it as agent under the
               Finance Documents.

                                      -55-	

       The Agent's duties under the Finance Documents are solely mechanical and
       administrative in nature.

26.4   Excluded Obligations
       Notwithstanding anything to the contrary expressed or implied herein,
       neither the Agent nor the Arrangers shall:

       26.4.1  be bound to enquire as to (a) whether or not any representation
               made or deemed to be made by an Obligor in connection with the
               Finance Documents is true, (b) the occurrence or otherwise of any
               Default, (c) the performance by an Obligor of its obligations
               under the Finance Documents or (d) any breach of or default by an
               Obligor of or under its obligations under the Finance Documents;

       26.4.2  be bound to account to any Bank for any sum or the profit element
               of any sum received by it for its own account;

       26.4.3  be bound to disclose to any other person any information relating
               to any member of the Group if (a) such person, on providing such
               information, expressly stated to the Agent or, as the case may
               be, the Arrangers, that such information was confidential or (b)
               such disclosure would or might in its opinion constitute a breach
               of any law or be otherwise actionable at the suit of any person;

       26.4.4  be under any obligations other than those for which express
               provision is made herein; or

       26.4.5  be or be deemed to be a fiduciary for any other party hereto.

26.5   Indemnification
       Each Bank shall, in its Proportion, from time to time on demand by the
       Agent, indemnify the Agent against any and all costs, claims, losses,
       expenses (including legal fees) and liabilities together with any VAT
       thereon which the Agent may incur, otherwise than by reason of its own
       gross negligence or wilful misconduct, in acting in its capacity as agent
       hereunder (other than any which have been reimbursed by the Account Party
       pursuant to Clause 21.1 Company's Indemnity).

26.6   Exclusion of Liabilities
       Except in the case of gross negligence or wilful default, neither the
       Agent nor the Arrangers accepts any responsibility:

       26.6.1  for the adequacy, accuracy and/or completeness of any information
               supplied by the Agent or the Arrangers, by an Obligor or by any
               other person in connection with the Finance Documents or any
               other agreement, arrangement or document entered into, made or
               executed in anticipation of, pursuant to or in connection with
               the Finance Documents;

       26.6.2  for the legality, validity, effectiveness, adequacy or
               enforceability of the Finance Documents or any other agreement,
               arrangement or document entered into, made or executed in
               anticipation of, pursuant to or in connection with the Finance
               Documents; or

                                      -56-	

       26.6.3  for the exercise of, or the failure to exercise, any judgement,
               discretion or power given to any of them by or in connection with
               the Finance Documents or any other agreement, arrangement or
               document entered into, made or executed in anticipation of,
               pursuant to or in connection with the Finance Documents.

       Accordingly, neither the Agent nor the Arrangers shall be under any
       liability (whether in negligence or otherwise) in respect of such
       matters, save in the case of gross negligence or wilful misconduct.

26.7   No Actions
       Each of the Banks agree that it will not assert or seek to assert against
       any director, officer or employee of the Agent or the Arrangers any claim
       it might have against any of them in respect of the matters referred to
       in Clause 26.6 (Exclusion of Liabilities).

26.8   Business with the Group
       The Agent and the Arrangers may accept deposits from, lend money to and
       generally engage in any kind of banking or other business with any member
       of the Group.

26.9   Resignation
       The Agent may resign its appointment hereunder at any time without
       assigning any reason therefor by giving not less than thirty days' prior
       notice to that effect to each of the other parties hereto, provided that
       no such resignation shall be effective until a successor for the Agent is
       appointed in accordance with the succeeding provisions of this Clause 26.

26.10  Removal of Agent
       The Majority Banks may remove the Agent from its role as agent hereunder
       after consultation with the Account Party by giving notice to that effect
       to each of the other parties hereto. Such removal shall take effect only
       when a successor to the Agent is appointed in accordance with the terms
       hereof.

26.11  Successor Agent
       If the Agent gives notice of its resignation pursuant to Clause 26.9
       (Resignation) or it is removed pursuant to Clause 26.10 (Removal of
       Agent) then any reputable and experienced bank or other financial
       institution may be appointed as a successor to the Agent by the Majority
       Banks (after consultation with the Account Party if the successor is a
       Bank or otherwise with the Account Party's prior written consent) during
       the period of such notice (with the co-operation of the Agent), subject
       to such entity executing and delivering a confidentiality undertaking
       substantially in the form set out in Schedule 8 (Form of Confidentiality
       Undertaking) but, if no such successor is so appointed, the Agent may
       appoint such a successor itself.

26.12  Rights and Obligations
       If a successor to the Agent is appointed under the provisions of Clause
       26.11 (Successor Agent), then (a) the retiring Agent shall be discharged
       from any further obligation hereunder but shall remain entitled to the
       benefit of the provisions of this Clause 26 and (b) its successor and
       each of the other parties hereto shall have the same rights and
       obligations amongst themselves as they would have had if such successor
       had been a party hereto.

                                       -57-	

26.13   Own Responsibility
        It is understood and agreed by each Bank that at all times it has itself
        been, and will continue to be, solely responsible for making its own
        independent appraisal of and investigation into all risks arising under
        or in connection with this Agreement including, but not limited to:

        26.13.1  the financial condition, creditworthiness, condition, affairs,
                 status and nature of each member of the Group;

        26.13.2  the legality, validity, effectiveness, adequacy and
                 enforceability of the Finance Documents and any other
                 agreement, arrangement or document entered into, made or
                 executed in anticipation of, pursuant to or in connection with
                 the Finance Documents;

        26.13.3  whether such Bank has recourse, and the nature and extent of
                 that recourse, against an Obligor or any other person or any of
                 its assets under or in connection with the Finance Documents,
                 the transactions therein contemplated or any other agreement,
                 arrangement or document entered into, made or executed in
                 anticipation of, pursuant to or in connection with the Finance
                 Documents; and

        26.13.4  the adequacy, accuracy and/or completeness of any information
                 provided by the Agent or the Arrangers, an Obligor or by any
                 other person in connection with the Finance Documents, the
                 transactions contemplated therein or any other agreement,
                 arrangement or document entered into, made or executed in
                 anticipation of, pursuant to or in connection with the Finance
                 Documents.

        Accordingly, each Bank acknowledges to the Agent and the Arrangers that
        it has not relied on and will not hereafter rely on the Agent and the
        Arrangers or either of them in respect of any of these matters.

26.14   Agency Division Separate
        In acting as agent hereunder for the Banks, the Agent shall be regarded
        as acting through its agency division which shall be treated as a
        separate entity from any other of its divisions or departments and,
        notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Clause 26, any
        information received by some other division or department of the Agent
        may be treated as confidential and shall not be regarded as having been
        given to the Agent's agency division.

26.15   Declaration of Agent as Security Trustee
        The Agent hereby declares that it shall hold:

        26.15.1  all rights, titles and interests that may hereafter be
                 mortgaged, charged, assigned or otherwise secured in favour of
                 the Agent by or pursuant to the Finance Documents;

        26.15.2  the benefit of all representations, covenants, guarantees,
                 indemnities and other contractual provisions given in favour of
                 the Agent (other than any such benefits given to the Agent
                 solely for its own benefit) by or pursuant to the Finance
                 Documents (other than this Agreement); and

                                      -58-	

        26.15.3  all proceeds of the security referred to in sub-clause 26.15.1
                 above and of the enforcement of the benefits referred to in
                 26.15.2 above,

        on trust for itself and the other Finance Parties from time to time.

        Such declaration shall remain valid notwithstanding that the Agent may
        on the date hereof or at any other time be the sole Finance Party; for
        the avoidance of doubt, however, such declaration shall, in such case,
        be deemed repeated on each date on which the Agent ceases to be the sole
        Finance Party.

        Each of the parties hereto agrees that the obligations, rights and
        benefits vested or to be vested in the Agent as trustee as aforesaid
        by the Finance Documents or any document entered into pursuant thereto
        shall (as well before as after enforcement) be performed and (as the
        case may be) exercised by the Agent in accordance with the provisions
        of this Clause 26.

26.16   Powers and Discretions
        The Agent shall have all the powers and discretions conferred upon
        trustees by the Trustee Act 1925 (to the extent not inconsistent
        herewith) and by way of supplement it is expressly declared as follows:

        26.16.1  the Agent shall be at liberty to place any of the Finance
                 Documents and any other instruments, documents or deeds
                 delivered to it pursuant thereto or in connection therewith for
                 the time being in its possession in any safe deposit, safe or
                 receptacle selected by the Agent or with any bank, any company
                 whose business includes undertaking the safe custody of
                 documents or any firm of lawyers of good repute;

        26.16.2  the Agent may, whenever it thinks fit, delegate by power of
                 attorney or otherwise to any person or persons or fluctuating
                 body of persons all or any of the rights, trusts, powers,
                 authorities and discretions vested in it by any of the Finance
                 Documents and such delegation may be made upon such terms and
                 subject to such conditions (including the power to
                 sub-delegate) and subject to such regulations as the Agent may
                 think fit and the Agent shall not be bound to supervise, or be
                 in any way responsible for any loss incurred by reason of any
                 misconduct or default on the part of, any such delegate (or
                 sub-delegate);

        26.16.3  notwithstanding anything else herein contained, the Agent may
                 refrain from doing anything which would or might in its opinion
                 be contrary to any law of any jurisdiction or any directive or
                 regulation of any agency of any state or which would or might
                 otherwise render it liable to any person and may do anything
                 which is, in its opinion, necessary to comply with any such
                 law, directive or regulation;

        26.16.4  save in the case of gross negligence or wilful misconduct, the
                 Agent and every attorney, agent, delegate, sub-delegate and any
                 other person appointed by any of them under any of the Finance
                 Documents may indemnify itself or himself out of the security
                 held by the Agent against all liabilities, costs, fees,
                 charges, losses and expenses incurred by any of them in
                 relation to or arising out of the

                                      -59-	

                 taking or holding of any of the security constituted by, or
                 any of the benefits provided by, any of the Finance Documents,
                 in the exercise or purported exercise of the rights, trusts,
                 powers and discretions vested in any of them or in respect of
                 any other matter or thing done or omitted to be done in any
                 way relating to any of the Finance Documents or pursuant to
                 any law or regulation; and

        26.16.5  without prejudice to the provisions of any of the Finance
                 Documents, the Agent shall not be under any obligation to
                 insure any property or to require any other person to maintain
                 any such insurance and shall not be responsible for any loss
                 which may be suffered by any person as a result of the lack of
                 or inadequacy or insufficiency of any such insurance.

26.17   Liability
        The Agent shall not be liable for any failure:

        26.17.1  to require the deposit with it of any deed or document
                 certifying, representing or constituting the title of the
                 Account Party to any of the property mortgaged, charged,
                 assigned or otherwise encumbered by or pursuant to any of the
                 Finance Documents;

        26.17.2  to obtain any licence, consent or other authority for the
                 execution, delivery, validity, legality, adequacy, performance,
                 enforceability or admissibility in evidence of any of the
                 Finance Documents;

        26.17.3  to register or notify any deed or document mentioned at
                 sub-clause 26.17.1 in accordance with the provisions of any of
                 the documents of title of the Account Party;

        26.17.4  to effect or procure registration of or otherwise protect any
                 of the security created by any of the Finance Documents by
                 registering the same under any applicable registration laws in
                 any territory or otherwise by registering any notice, caution
                 or other entry prescribed by or pursuant to the provisions of
                 the said Act or laws;

        26.17.5  to take or to require the Account Party to take any steps to
                 render the security without limitation, any floating charge)
                 created or purported to be created by or pursuant to any of the
                 Finance Documents effective or to secure the creation of any
                 ancillary charge under the laws of any jurisdiction; or

        26.17.6  to require any further assurances in relation to any of the
                 Finance Documents.

26.18   Title to Security etc.
        The Agent may accept without enquiry, requisition or objection such
        right and title as the Account Party may have to the property belonging
        (or purportedly belonging) to it (or any part thereof) which is the
        subject matter of any of the Finance Documents and shall not be bound or
        concerned to investigate or make any enquiry into the right or title of
        the Account Party to such property (or any part thereof) or, without
        prejudice to the foregoing, to require the Account Party to remedy any
        defect in the Account Party's right or title as aforesaid.

                                      -60-	

26.19   New Security Trustee
        The Agent may at any time appoint any person (whether or not a trust
        corporation) to act either as a separate trustee or as a co-trustee
        jointly with the Agent:

        26.19.1  if the Agent considers such appointment to be in the interests
                 of the Banks; or

        26.19.2  for the purposes of conforming to any legal requirements,
                 restrictions or conditions which the Agent deems relevant for
                 the purposes of the Finance Documents and the Agent shall give
                 prior notice to the Account Party and the Banks of any such
                 appointment.

        Any person so appointed shall (subject to the provisions of the Finance
        Documents) have such powers, authorities and discretions and such duties
        and obligations as shall be conferred or imposed or such person by the
        instrument of appointment and shall have the same benefits under this
        Clause 26 as the Agent.

        The Agent shall have power in like manner to remove any person so
        appointed.

        Such reasonable remuneration as the Agent may pay to any person so
        appointed, and any costs, charges and expenses incurred by such person
        in performing its functions pursuant to such appointment, shall for the
        purposes hereof be treated as costs, charges and expenses incurred by
        the Agent under the Finance Documents.

26.20   Perpetuity Period
        The perpetuity period under the rule against perpetuities if applicable
        to the trusts constituted in this Clause 26 and the other Finance
        Documents shall be the period of eighty years from the date of this
        Agreement and, subject thereto, if the Agent determines that all of the
        obligations of the Account Party under any of the Finance Documents have
        been fully and unconditionally discharged, such trusts shall be wound
        up.

26.21   Security
        26.21.1  In the event that the Required Value is greater than US$100
                 pursuant to sub-clause 18.1.2 of Clause 18.1 (Letter of Credit
                 Commission), as soon as reasonably practicable after each
                 delivery to the Security Trustee of the statement(s) of the
                 Charged Portfolio by the Custodian pursuant to paragraph 3 of
                 the Custodian's Undertaking and in any event within seven
                 Business Days of such delivery, the Security Trustee and the
                 Obligors shall adjust the Required Value to the extent
                 necessary to ensure that the Required Value of the Charged
                 Portfolio is an amount equal to the aggregate of:

                 A + (A x Y per cent.) + B + (B x Y per cent.) +C + (C x Y per
                 cent.)

                 where:

                 A    represents the amount of the Charged Portfolio denominated
                      in sterling

                 B    represents the amount of the Charged Portfolio denominated
                      in dollars (converted into sterling at the Spot Rate)	

-61-

                 C     represents the amount of the Charged Portfolio
                       denominated in any currency other than sterling or
                       dollars (converted into sterling at the Spot Rate)

                  Y per cent. means:

                 (a)  10 per cent. in respect of any portion of the Charged
                      Portfolio denominated in sterling;

                 (b)  10 per cent. in respect of any portion of the Charged
                      Portfolio denominated in dollars; and

                 (c)  15 per cent. in respect of any portion of the Charged
                      Portfolio denominated in any currency other than dollars
                      or sterling

                 and shall notify the Custodian of any such adjustments.

        26.21.2  The Security Trustee shall not amend the Security Trustee's
                 Requirements without the consent of the Banks.

        26.21.3  In the event that the Pricing Level reverts from Level V to
                 level IV or above (each as defined in Schedule 9 (Pricing
                 Schedule), the Required Value will revert to US$100. For the
                 avoidance of doubt, if, following any such reduction in the
                 Required Value, the Pricing Level again reaches Level V, the
                 Required Value shall be increased to the extent required
                 pursuant to sub-clause 18.1.2 of Clause 18.1 (Letter of Credit
                 Commission).

26.22   Bank Representations
        Each Bank represents to the Agent on the date of issue of each Letter of
        Credit that:

        26.22.1  the execution and delivery of each Letter of Credit by the
                 Agent on the Bank's behalf has been duly authorised by all
                 necessary action on the part of the Bank; and

        26.22.2  the obligations of the Bank under each Letter of Credit
                 constitute its legal, valid and binding obligations.

26.23   Letters of Credit
        Each Bank shall in its Proportion, indemnify the Agent against any and
        all liabilities, costs and expenses which the Agent may incur (in its
        capacity as Agent) as a result of the execution and delivery of any
        Letter of Credit and any documents executed and delivered by the Agent
        in connection therewith.

27.     ASSIGNMENTS and TRANSFERS

27.1    Binding Agreement
        The Finance Documents shall be binding upon and enure to the benefit of
        each party hereto and its or any subsequent successors and Transferees.

                                      -62-	

27.2    No Assignments and Transfers by the Obligors
        No Obligor shall be entitled to assign or transfer all or any of its
        rights, benefits and obligations under the Finance Documents without the
        prior written consent of all the Banks.

27.3    Assignments and Transfers by Banks
        Subject to obtaining the prior written consent of the Account Party
        (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed), any Bank may,
        at any time, assign all or any of its rights and benefits under the
        Finance Documents or transfer in accordance with Clause 27.5 (Transfers
        by Banks) all or any of its rights, benefits and obligations under the
        Finance Documents to a bank or financial institution, provided that:

        27.3.1   no such assignment or transfer of the whole or any part of the
                 Commitment may be made unless it is to an Approved Credit
                 Institution; and

        27.3.2   the Account Party's consent is not required if such assignment
                 or transfer is:

                 (a)  to any subsidiary or holding company, or to any subsidiary
                      of any holding company, of such Bank; or

                 (b)  to any other Bank.

27.4    Assignments by Banks
        If any Bank assigns all or any of its rights and benefits under the
        Finance Documents in accordance with Clause 27.3 (Assignments and
        Transfers by Banks), then, unless and until the assignee has delivered a
        notice to the Agent confirming in favour of the Agent, the Arrangers and
        the Banks that it shall be under the same obligations towards each of
        them as it would have been under if it had been an original party hereto
        as a Bank (whereupon such assignee shall become a party hereto as a
        "Bank"), the Agent, the Arrangers, and the Banks shall not be obliged to
        recognise such assignee as having the rights against each of them which
        it would have had if it had been such a party hereto.

27.5    Transfers by Banks
        If any Bank wishes to transfer all or any of its rights, benefits and/or
        obligations under the Finance Documents as contemplated in Clause 27.3
        (Assignments and Transfers by Banks), then such transfer may be effected
        by the delivery to the Agent of a duly completed Transfer Certificate
        executed by such Bank and the relevant Transferee in which event, on the
        later of the Transfer Date specified in such Transfer Certificate and
        the fifth Business Day after (or such earlier Business Day endorsed by
        the Agent on such Transfer Certificate falling on or after) the date of
        delivery of such Transfer Certificate to the Agent:

        27.5.1   to the extent that in such Transfer Certificate the Bank party
                 thereto seeks to transfer by novation its rights, benefits and
                 obligations under the Finance Documents, each of the Obligors
                 and such Bank shall be released from further obligations
                 towards one another under the Finance Documents and their
                 respective rights against one another shall be cancelled (such
                 rights and obligations being referred to in this Clause 27.5 as
                 "discharged rights and obligations");	

-63-

        27.5.2   each of the Obligors and the Transferee party thereto shall
                 assume obligations towards one another and/or acquire rights
                 against one another which differ from such discharged rights
                 and obligations only insofar as such Obligor and such
                 Transferee have assumed and/or acquired the same in place of
                 such Obligor and such Bank;

        27.5.3   the Agent, the Arrangers, the Security Trustee, such Transferee
                 and the other Banks shall acquire the same rights and benefits
                 and assume the same obligations between themselves as they
                 would have acquired and assumed had such Transferee been an
                 original party hereto as a Bank with the rights, benefits
                 and/or obligations acquired or assumed by it as a result of
                 such transfer and to that extent the Agent, the Arrangers and
                 the relevant Bank shall each be released from further
                 obligations to each other under the Finance Documents; and

        27.5.4   such Transferee shall become a party hereto as a "Bank".

27.6    Replacement of Letter of Credit
        On any transfer pursuant to Clause 27.5 (Transfers by Banks) other than
        such a transfer upon the designation of a Substitute Bank in accordance
        with the provisions of sub-clause 4.6.1 of Clause 4.6 (Substitute Bank)
        the Bank transferring all or any of its rights, benefits and/or
        obligations under the Finance Documents shall ensure that the Account
        Party will procure the release by Lloyd's of each Letter of Credit (an
        "Old Letter of Credit") with respect to which the transfer is to have
        effect and its replacement by a new Letter of Credit to be issued by the
        Transferee and all the other Banks in an amount equal to that of the Old
        Letter of Credit and having a Termination Date which corresponds with
        the Termination Date thereof.

27.7    Transfer Fees
        On the date upon which a transfer takes effect pursuant to Clause 27.5
        (Transfers by Banks) the relevant Transferee shall pay to the Agent for
        its own account a fee of (Pounds)1,000.

27.8    Disclosure of Information
        Any Bank may disclose to any person:

        27.8.1   to (or through) whom such Bank assigns or transfers (or may
                 potentially assign or transfer) all or any of its rights,
                 benefits and obligations under the Finance Documents;

        27.8.2   with (or through) whom such Bank enters into (or may
                 potentially enter into) any sub-participation in relation to,
                 or any other transaction under which payments are to be made by
                 reference to, this Agreement or any Obligor; or

        27.8.3   to whom information may be required to be disclosed by any
                 applicable law,

        such information about any Obligor or the Group and the Finance
        Documents as such Bank shall consider appropriate and in the case of
        sub-clause 27.8.1 and 27.8.2, subject to requiring and receiving a
        confidentiality undertaking substantially in the form set out in
        Schedule 8 (Form of Confidentiality Agreement).

                                      -64-	

27.9    Partial Transfers/Assignments

        Any assignment or transfer by a Bank of part of its Commitment or
        Outstandings shall be in a minimum amount of (Pounds)10,000,000.

28.     ECONOMIC AND MONETARY UNION

28.1    Alternative Currencies during Transition Period
        On and from the date on which the United Kingdom becomes a Participating
        Member State, if and to the extent that any EMU Legislation provides
        that an amount denominated either in the euro or in sterling and payable
        within that Participating Member State by crediting an account of the
        creditor can be paid by the debtor either in the euro unit or in
        sterling, the Borrower shall be entitled to pay or repay any such amount
        payable hereunder either in the euro unit or in sterling.

28.2    Business Days
        With effect on and from the date on which the United Kingdom becomes a
        Participating Member State, the definition of Business Day in Clause 1.1
        (Definitions) shall be amended by the addition thereto (at the end) of
        the following:

                  "and if such reference relates to a date for the payment or
                  purchase of a sum denominated in the euro or in sterling, a
                  day (other than a Saturday or Sunday) on which (a) such
                  clearing or settlement system as is determined by the Agent to
                  be suitable for clearing or settlement of the euro is open for
                  business and (b) banks are generally open for business in
                  London.".

28.3    Rounding and Other Consequential Changes
        With effect on and from the date on which the United Kingdom becomes a
        Participating Member State:

        28.3.1   without prejudice and in addition to any method of conversion
                 or rounding prescribed by any EMU Legislation, each reference
                 in this Agreement to a fixed amount or fixed amounts in a
                 national currency unit to be paid to or by the Agent shall be
                 replaced by a reference to such comparable and convenient fixed
                 amount or fixed amounts in the euro unit as the Agent may from
                 time to time specify; and

        28.3.2   save as expressly provided in this Clause 28, the Finance
                 Documents shall be subject to such changes of construction or
                 interpretation as the Agent and the Security Trustee may from
                 time to time specify to be necessary to reflect the changeover
                 to the euro in the United Kingdom and to put the parties in the
                 same position, so far as possible, that they would have been in
                 if no change in currency had occurred.

29.     CALCULATIONS AND EVIDENCE OF DEBT

29.1    Basis of Accrual
        Interest and Letter of Credit Commission shall accrue from day to day
        and shall be calculated on the basis of a year of 365 days (or in the
        case of any such amounts denominated in dollars, 360 days) and the
        actual number of days elapsed.

                                      -65-	

29.2    Proportionate Reductions
        Any collateralisation of Outstandings denominated in dollars shall
        reduce the amount of such Outstandings by the amount of dollars
        collateralised and shall reduce the Sterling Amount of such Outstandings
        proportionately.

29.3    Evidence of Debt
        Each Bank shall maintain in accordance with its usual practice accounts
        evidencing the face amount of its participations in Letters of Credit
        and the amounts from time to time owing to it hereunder.

29.4    Control Accounts
        The Agent shall maintain on its books a control account or accounts in
        which shall be recorded (a) the amount of any Unpaid Sum and the face
        amount of any Letter of Credit issued and each Bank's share therein, (b)
        the amount of all fees, interest and other sums due or to become due
        from an Obligor and each Bank's share therein and (c) the amount of any
        sum received or recovered by the Agent hereunder and each Bank's share
        therein.

29.5    Prima Facie Evidence
        In any legal action or proceeding arising out of or in connection with
        this Agreement, the entries made in the accounts maintained pursuant to
        Clause 29.3 (Evidence of Debt) and Clause 29.4 (Control Accounts) shall
        be prima facie evidence of the existence and amounts of the specified
        obligations of the Obligors.

29.6    Certificates of Banks
        A certificate of a Bank as to:

        29.6.1   the amount by which a sum payable to it hereunder is to be
                 increased under Clause 10.1 (Tax Gross-up);

        29.6.2   the amount for the time being required to indemnify it against
                 any such cost, payment or liability as is mentioned in Clause
                 10.2 (Tax Indemnity) or Clause 12.1 (Increased Costs); or

        29.6.3   the amount of any credit, relief, remission or repayment as is
                 mentioned in Clause 11.3 (Tax Credit Payment) or Clause 11.4
                 (Tax Credit Clawback),

        shall, in the absence of manifest error, be prima facie evidence of the
        existence and amounts of the specified obligations of the Obligors.

29.7    Agent's Certificates
        A certificate of the Agent as to the amount at any time due from the
        Account Party hereunder or the amount which, but for any of the
        obligations of the Account Party hereunder being or becoming void,
        voidable, unenforceable or ineffective, at any time would have been due
        from the Account Party hereunder shall, in the absence of manifest
        error, be conclusive for the purposes of Clause 30 (Guarantee and
        Indemnity).

29.8    Letters of Credit
        A certificate of a Bank as to the amount paid out by such Bank in
        respect of any Letter of Credit shall, save for manifest error, be prima
        facie evidence of the payment of such amounts in any legal action or
        proceedings arising in connection therewith.

                                      -66-	

30.   GUARANTEE and INDEMNITY

30.1  Guarantee and Indemnity

      The Guarantor irrevocably and unconditionally:

      30.1.1   guarantees to each Finance Party the due and punctual observance
               and performance of all the terms, conditions and covenants on the
               part of the Account Party contained in the Finance Documents and
               agrees to pay from time to time on demand any and every sum or
               sums of money which the Account Party is at any time liable to
               pay to any Finance Party under or pursuant to the Finance
               Documents and which has become due and payable but has not been
               paid at the time such demand is made; and

      30.1.2   agrees as a primary obligation to indemnify each Finance Party
               from time to time on demand from and against any loss incurred by
               any Finance Party as a result of any of the obligations of the
               Account Party under or pursuant to the Finance Documents being or
               becoming void, voidable, unenforceable or ineffective as against
               the Account Party for any reason whatsoever, whether or not known
               to any Finance Party or any other person, the amount of such loss
               being the amount which the person or persons suffering it would
               otherwise have been entitled to recover from the Account Party.

30.2  Additional Security
      The obligations of the Guarantor herein contained shall be in addition to
      and independent of every other security which any Finance Party may at any
      time hold in respect of any of the Account Party's obligations under the
      Finance Documents.

30.3  Continuing Obligations
      The obligations of the Guarantor herein contained shall constitute and be
      continuing obligations notwithstanding any settlement of account or other
      matter or thing whatsoever and shall not be considered satisfied by any
      intermediate payment or satisfaction of all or any of the obligations of
      the Account Party under the Finance Documents and shall continue in full
      force and effect until final payment in full of all amounts owing by the
      Account Party under the Finance Documents and total satisfaction of all
      the Account Party's actual and contingent obligations under the Finance
      Documents.

30.4  Obligations not Discharged
      Neither the obligations of the Guarantor herein contained nor the rights,
      powers and remedies conferred in respect of the Guarantor upon any Finance
      Party by the Finance Documents or by law shall be discharged, impaired or
      otherwise affected by:

      30.4.1   the winding-up, dissolution, administration or re-organisation of
               the Account Party or any other person or any change in its
               status, function, control or ownership;

      30.4.2   any of the obligations of the Account Party or any other person
               under the Finance Documents or under any other security taken in
               respect of any of its obligations under the Finance Documents
               being or becoming illegal, invalid, unenforceable or ineffective
               in any respect;	

-67-

      30.4.3   time or other indulgence being granted or agreed to be granted to
               the Account Party in respect of its obligations under the Finance
               Documents or under any such other security;

      30.4.4   any amendment to, or any variation, waiver or release of, any
               obligation of the Account Party under the Finance Documents or
               under any such other security;

      30.4.5   any failure to take, or fully to take, any security contemplated
               hereby or otherwise agreed to be taken in respect of the Account
               Party's obligations under the Finance Documents;

      30.4.6   any failure to realise or fully to realise the value of, or any
               release, discharge, exchange or substitution of, any security
               taken in respect of the Account Party's obligations under the
               Finance Documents; or

      30.4.7   any other act, event or omission which, but for this Clause 30.4,
               might operate to discharge, impair or otherwise affect any of the
               obligations of the Guarantor herein contained or any of the
               rights, powers or remedies conferred upon any of the Finance
               Parties by the Finance Documents or by law.

30.5  Settlement Conditional
      Any settlement or discharge between the Account Party and any of the
      Finance Parties shall be conditional upon no security or payment to any
      Finance Party by the Account Party or any other person on behalf of the
      Account Party being avoided or reduced by virtue of any laws relating to
      bankruptcy, insolvency, liquidation or similar laws of general application
      and, if any such security or payment is so avoided or reduced, each
      Finance Party shall be entitled to recover the value or amount of such
      security or payment from the Account Party subsequently as if such
      settlement or discharge had not occurred.

30.6  Exercise of Rights
      No Finance Party shall be obliged before exercising any of the rights,
      powers or remedies conferred upon them in respect of the Guarantor by the
      Finance Documents or by law to:

      30.6.1   make any demand of the Account Party;

      30.6.2   take any action or obtain judgment in any court against the
               Account Party;

      30.6.3   make or file any claim or proof in a winding-up or dissolution of
               the Account Party; or

      30.6.4   enforce or seek to enforce any other security taken in respect of
               any of the obligations of the Account Party under the Finance
               Documents.

30.7  Deferral of Guarantor's Rights
      The Guarantor agrees that, so long as any amounts are or may be owed by
      the Account Party under the Finance Documents or the Account Party is
      under any actual or contingent obligations under the Finance Documents, it
      shall not exercise any rights which it may at any time have by reason of	

performance by it of its obligations under the Finance Documents:
-68-

      30.7.1   to be indemnified by the Account Party; and/or

      30.7.2   to claim any contribution from any other guarantor of the Account
               Party's obligations under the Finance Documents; and/or

      30.7.3   to take the benefit (in whole or in part and whether by way of
               subrogation or otherwise) of any rights of the Finance Parties
               under the Finance Documents or of any other security taken
               pursuant to, or in connection with, the Finance Documents by all
               or any of the Finance Parties.

30.8  Suspense Accounts
      All moneys received, recovered or realised by a Bank by virtue of Clause
      30.1 (Guarantee and Indemnity) may, in that Bank's discretion, be credited
      to an interest bearing suspense or impersonal account and may be held in
      such account for so long as such Bank thinks fit pending the application
      from time to time (as such Bank may think fit) of such moneys in or
      towards the payment and discharge of any amounts owing by the Account
      Party to such Bank under the Finance Documents.

31.   REMEDIES and WAIVERS, PARTIAL INVALIDITY

31.1  Remedies and Waivers
      No failure to exercise, nor any delay in exercising, on the part of any
      Finance Party, any right or remedy hereunder shall operate as a waiver
      thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right or remedy
      prevent any further or other exercise thereof or the exercise of any other
      right or remedy. The rights and remedies herein provided are cumulative
      and not exclusive of any rights or remedies provided by law.

31.2  Partial Invalidity
      If, at any time, any provision of the Finance Documents is or becomes
      illegal, invalid or unenforceable in any respect under the law of any
      jurisdiction, neither the legality, validity or enforceability of the
      remaining provisions thereof nor the legality, validity or enforceability
      of such provision under the law of any other jurisdiction shall in any way
      be affected or impaired thereby.

32.   NOTICES

32.1  Communications in writing
      32.1.1   Any communication to be made under or in connection with the
               Finance Documents shall be made in writing and, unless otherwise
               stated, may be made by fax, letter or telex or (to the extent
               that the relevant party hereto has specified such address
               pursuant to Clause 32.2 (Addresses)) by e-mail.

      32.1.2   The Agent may additionally (if the parties hereto agree and the
               Account Party has specifically approved in writing), in the case
               of any document to be forwarded by the Agent pursuant to this
               Agreement where such document has been supplied to such Agent
               pursuant to Clause 16.1 (Information), refer the relevant party
               or parties hereto (by fax, letter, telex or (if so specified)
               e-mail) to a web site considered by the Account Party as secure
               and confidential and to the location of the relevant information
               on such web site in discharge of such notification or delivery
               obligation.

                                      -69-	

32.2  Addresses
      The address, fax number, e-mail address, telex number and, where
      appropriate, web site (and the department or officer, if any, for whose
      attention the communication is to be made) of each party hereto for any
      communication or document to be made or delivered under or in connection
      with the Finance Documents is:

      32.2.1   in the case of an Obligor, that identified with its name below;

      32.2.2   in the case of each Bank, that notified in writing to the Agent
               on or prior to the date on which it becomes a party hereto; and

      32.2.3   in the case of the Agent, that identified with its name below,	

or any substitute address, fax number, e-mail address, telex number, web site, department or officer as the party hereto may notify to the Agent (or the Agent may notify to the other parties hereto, if a change is made by the Agent or a web site carrying relevant information has been set up by the Agent) by not less than five Business Days' notice.

32.3  Delivery
      32.3.1   Any communication or document made or delivered by one person to
               another under or in connection with the Finance Documents will
               only be effective:

               (a)  if by way of fax, when received in legible form; or

               (b)  if by way of letter, when it has been left at the relevant
                    address or five Business Days after being deposited in the
                    post postage prepaid in an envelope addressed to it at that
                    address; or

               (c)  if by way of telex, when dispatched, but only if, at the
                    time of transmission, the correct answerback appears at the
                    start and at the end of the sender's copy of the notice; or

               (d)  if by way of e-mail, when sent in legible form, but only if,
                    following transmission, the sender does not receive a
                    non-delivery message; or

               (e)  where reference in such communication is to a web site, when
                    the delivery of the letter, fax, telex or, as the case may
                    be, e-mail referring the addressee to such web site is
                    effective,

               and, if a particular department or officer is specified as part
               of its address details provided under Clause 32.2 (Addresses), if
               addressed to that department or officer.

      32.3.2   Any communication or document to be made or delivered to the
               Agent will be effective only when actually received by the Agent
               and then only if it is expressly marked for the attention of the
               department or officer identified with the Agent's signature below
               (or any substitute department or officer as the agent shall
               specify for this purpose).

      32.3.3   All notices from or to any Obligor shall be sent through the
               Agent.	

-70-

32.4  Notification of address, fax number and telex number Promptly upon receipt
      of notification of an address, fax number, telex number or e-mail address
      or change of such pursuant to Clause 32.2 (Addresses) or changing its own
      address, fax number, telex number or e-mail address, the Agent shall
      notify the other parties hereto.

32.5  English language
      32.5.1   Any notice given under or in connection with any Finance Document
               must be in English.

      32.5.2   All other documents provided under or in connection with any
               Finance Document must be:

               (a)  in English; or

               (b)  if not in English, accompanied by an English translation
                    thereof certified (by an officer of the person making or
                    delivering the same) as being a true and accurate
                    translation thereof.

32.6  Deemed receipt by the Obligors
      Any communication or document made or delivered to the Account Party in
      accordance with Clause 32.3 (Delivery) shall be deemed to have been made
      or delivered to both Obligors.

33.   COUNTERPARTS

      This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, all of which
      taken together shall constitute one and the same instrument.

34.   AMENDMENTS

34.1  Amendments
      The Agent, if it has the prior consent of the Majority Banks, and the
      Obligors may from time to time agree in writing to amend this Agreement or
      to waive, prospectively or retrospectively, any of the requirements of
      this Agreement and any amendments or waivers so agreed shall be binding on
      all the Finance Parties, provided that no such waiver or amendment shall
      subject any Finance Party hereto to any new or additional obligations
      without the consent of such Finance Party.

34.2  Amendments Requiring the Consent of all the Banks
      An amendment or waiver which relates to:

      34.2.1   Clause 4 (Extension of Letters of Credit), Clause 5 (Substitution
               of Letters of Credit), Clause 6 (Increase of the Facility),
               Clause 25 (Sharing) or this Clause 34;

      34.2.2   a change in the currency or amount of any Letter of Credit;

      34.2.3   a reduction in the Letter of Credit Commission, or the amount or
               currency of any payment of interest, fees or any other amount
               payable hereunder to any Finance Party or deferral of the date
               for payment thereof;

                                      -71-	

      34.2.4   a release of the Guarantor from any of its obligations set out in
               Clause 30 (Guarantee and Indemnity);

      34.2.5   Clause 16.7 (Adjusted Consolidated Debt to Total Capitalisation
               Ratio) and Clause 16.8 (Consolidated Net Worth);

      34.2.6   the definition of Majority Banks;

      34.2.7   any provision which contemplates the need for the consent or
               approval of all the Banks; or

      34.2.8   the Security Documents (if any),

      shall not be made without the prior consent of all the Banks.

34.3  Exceptions

      Notwithstanding any other provisions hereof, the Agent shall not be
      obliged to agree to any such amendment or waiver if the same would:

      34.3.1   amend or waive this Clause 34, Clause 19 (Costs and Expenses) or
               Clause 26 (The Agent, the Arrangers and the Banks); or

      34.3.2   otherwise amend or waive any of the Agent's rights hereunder or
               subject the Agent or the Arrangers to any additional obligations
               hereunder.

35.   GOVERNING LAW

      This Agreement is governed by English law.

36.   JURISDICTION

36.1  English Courts
      Each of the parties hereto irrevocably agrees for the benefit of each of
      the Agent, the Arrangers and the Banks that the courts of England shall
      have jurisdiction to hear and determine any suit, action or proceeding,
      and to settle any disputes, which may arise out of or in connection with
      this Agreement and the other Finance Documents and, for such purposes,
      irrevocably submits to the jurisdiction of such courts.

36.2  Convenient Forum
      The Obligors irrevocably waive any objection which either of them might
      now or hereafter have to the courts referred to in Clause 36.1 being
      nominated as the forum to hear and determine any suit, action or
      proceeding, and to settle any disputes, which may arise out of or in
      connection with this Agreement and agree not to claim that any such court
      is not a convenient or appropriate forum.

36.3  Service of Process
      Each Obligor agrees that the process by which any suit, action or
      proceeding is begun may be served on it by being delivered in connection
      with any suit, action or proceeding in England, to ACE UK Limited at
      Crosby Court, 38 Bishopsgate, London EC2N 4AJ or its other principal place
      of business for the time being.

                                      -72-	

36.4  Non-Exclusive Jurisdiction
      The submission to the jurisdiction of the courts referred to in Clause
      36.1 shall not (and shall not be construed so as to) limit the right of
      the Agent, the Arrangers and the Banks or any of them to take proceedings
      against the Account Party in any other court of competent jurisdiction nor
      shall the taking of proceedings in any one or more jurisdictions preclude
      the taking of proceedings in any other jurisdiction, whether concurrently
      or not.	

AS WITNESS the hands of the duly authorised representatives of the parties hereto the day and year first before written.
-73-
 
SCHEDULE 1

                                    The Banks

Bank                                                          Commitment(Pounds)
Citibank, N.A.                                                  81,330,000.00
Barclays Bank PLC                                               81,330,000.00
ING Bank N.V., London Branch                                    74,850,000.00
Credit Lyonnais New York Branch                                 43,180,000.00
National Westminster Bank PLC                                   43,180,000.00
Lloyds TSB Bank plc                                             30,230,000.00
ABN AMRO Bank N.V., London Branch                               25,900,000.00
                                                             ------------------

Total                                                          380,000,000.00

                                                             ------------------	

-74-
SCHEDULE 2
Form of Transfer Certificate
To: Citibank International plc
TRANSFER CERTIFICATE
relating to the agreement (as from time to time amended, varied, novated or supplemented, the "Credit Agreement") originally dated 19 November 1999 whereby following the First Restatement Agreement, the Amendment Agreement, the Second Restatement Agreement and the Third Restatement Agreement a (Pounds)380,000,000 letter of credit facility was made available to ACE Limited by a group of banks on whose behalf Citibank International plc acted as agent in connection therewith.
1. Terms defined in the Credit Agreement shall, subject to any contrary indication, have the same meanings herein. The terms Bank, Transferee and Portion Transferred are defined in the schedule hereto.
2. The Bank (a) confirms that the details in the schedule hereto under the heading "Letters of Credit" accurately summarises its participation in the Credit Agreement and the Term of any existing Letters of Credit and (b) requests the Transferee to accept and procure the transfer by novation to the Transferee of the Portion Transferred (specified in the schedule hereto) of its Commitment and/or its participation in such Letters of Credit by counter-signing and delivering this Transfer Certificate to the Agent at its address for the service of notices specified in the Credit Agreement.
3. The Transferee hereby requests the Agent to accept this Transfer Certificate as being delivered to the Agent pursuant to and for the purposes of Clause 27.5 (Transfers by Banks) of the Credit Agreement so as to take effect in accordance with the terms thereof on the Transfer Date or on such later date as may be determined in accordance with the terms thereof.
4. The Transferee confirms that it has received a copy of the Credit Agreement together with such other information as it has required in connection with this transaction and that it has not relied and will not hereafter rely on the Bank to check or enquire on its behalf into the legality, validity, effectiveness, adequacy, accuracy or completeness of any such information and further agrees that it has not relied and will not rely on the Bank to assess or keep under review on its behalf the financial condition, creditworthiness, condition, affairs, status or nature of the Obligors.
5. The Transferee hereby undertakes with the Bank and each of the other parties to the Credit Agreement that it will perform in accordance with their terms all those obligations which by the terms of the Finance Documents will be assumed by it after delivery of this Transfer Certificate to the Agent and satisfaction of the conditions (if any) subject to which this Transfer Certificate is expressed to take effect.
6. The Bank makes no representation or warranty and assumes no responsibility with respect to the legality, validity, effectiveness, adequacy or enforceability of the Finance Documents or any document relating thereto and assumes no responsibility for the
-75-
financial condition of the Obligors or for the performance and observance by the Obligors of any of their respective obligations under the Finance Documents or any document relating thereto and any and all such conditions and warranties, whether express or implied by law or otherwise, are hereby excluded.
7. The Bank hereby gives notice that nothing herein or in the Finance Documents (or any document relating thereto) shall oblige the Bank to (a) accept a re-transfer from the Transferee of the whole or any part of its rights, benefits and/or obligations under the Finance Documents transferred pursuant hereto or (b) support any losses directly or indirectly sustained or incurred by the Transferee for any reason whatsoever including the non-performance by an Obligor or any other party to the Finance Documents (or any document relating thereto) of its obligations under any such document. The Transferee hereby acknowledges the absence of any such obligation as is referred to in (a) or (b) above.
8. This Transfer Certificate and the rights, benefits and obligations of the parties hereunder shall be governed by and construed in accordance with English law.
THE SCHEDULE
9. Bank:

10.  Transferee:

11.  Transfer Date:

12.  Bank's Commitment                               Portion Transferred

13.  Letter(s) of Credit          Term and           Portion Transferred
     Bank's L/C Participation     Termination Date

     [Transferor Bank]            [Transferee Bank]

By:                               By:

Date:                             Date:	

ADMINISTRATIVE DETAILS OF TRANSFEREE
Address
Contact Name:
Account for Payments
in sterling:
Fax:
Telephone:
-76-
SCHEDULE 3
Conditions Precedent
1. In relation to each Obligor:
(i) confirmation by an Authorised Signatory of such Obligor that there have been no changes to the constitutional documents of such Obligor since 19 November 1999;
(ii) a copy, certified as at the date of the Second Restatement Agreement a true and up-to-date copy by an Authorised Signatory of such Obligor, of a board resolution of such Obligor approving the execution, delivery and performance of the Second Restatement Agreement, the Charge Agreement and the Notice of Charge and the terms and conditions thereof and authorising a named person or persons to sign the Second Restatement Agreement, the Charge Agreement and Notice of Charge and any documents to be delivered by such Obligor pursuant thereto;
(iii) a certificate of an Authorised Signatory of such Obligor setting out the names and signatures of the persons authorised to sign, on behalf of such Obligor, Second Restatement Agreement, the Charge Agreement and the Notice of Charge and any documents to be delivered by such Obligor pursuant thereto.
2. Opinion of Clifford Chance, solicitors to the Agent.
3. An opinion of Maples and Calder, Cayman Islands counsel to the Account Party addressed to the Finance Parties.
4. An opinion of Conyers, Dill and Pearman, Bermudian counsel to the Account Party addressed to the Finance Parties.
5. A copy, certified a true copy by an Authorised Signatory of the Account Party, of the financial statements of the Account Party referred to in sub-clauses 15.4.1 and 15.4.2 of Clause 15.4 (Financial Information).
6. Evidence satisfactory to the Agent that Lloyd's agrees to accept deeds of substitution in respect of transfers by Banks.
7. Evidence satisfactory to the Agent that all Original Letters of Credit will be cancelled by Lloyd's upon the issue of the Letters of Credit issued hereunder on and after the Commencement Date.
8. Evidence that ACE UK Limited of Crosby Court, 38 Bishopsgate, London EC2N 4AJ has agreed to act as the agent of each Obligor for the service of process in England in respect of the Amended Agreement.
-77-
SCHEDULE 4
Utilisation Request
From: ACE Limited
To: Citibank International plc
Dated:
Dear Sirs,
1. We refer to the (pound)380,000,000 letter of credit agreement originally dated 19 November 1999 (as (a) amended and restated pursuant to the First Restatement Agreement, (b) amended pursuant to the Amendment Agreement, (c) amended and restated pursuant to the Second Restatement Agreement and (d) amended and restated pursuant to the Third Restatement Agreement (the "Credit Agreement")) and made between inter alia, ACE Limited as account party, Citibank International plc as agent and the financial institutions named therein as Banks. Terms defined in the Credit Agreement shall have the same meaning in this notice. This notice is irrevocable.
2. We hereby give you notice that, pursuant to the Credit Agreement we wish the Banks to issue the following Letters of Credit:

=========================================================================================================
Amount             Effective Date           Termination Date         Beneficiary             Applicant
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Pounds)/US$/1/    22 November 2001         30 September 2007        Society of Lloyd's
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Pounds)/US$/1/    22 November 2001         30 September 2007        Society of Lloyd's
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Pounds)/US$/1/    22 November 2001         30 September 2007        Society of Lloyd's
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Pounds)/US$/1/    22 November 2001         30 September 2007        Society of Lloyd's
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Pounds)/US$/1/    22 November 2001         30 September 2007        Society of Lloyd's
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Pounds)/US$/1/    22 November 2001         30 September 2007        Society of Lloyd's
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Pounds)/US$/1/    22 November 2001         30 September 2007        Society of Lloyd's
=========================================================================================================	

3. Utilisation Date: [ ].
4. We confirm that, at the date hereof, the Representations are true in all material respects and no Default is continuing, or would result from the issue of such Letters of Credit.
The Letters of Credit should be issued in the form attached and delivered to the recipient at [address of recipient]. The purpose of their issue is to support Funds at Lloyd's in respect of the Applicants.
/1/ Delete where appropriate.
-78-
Yours faithfully

Authorised Signatory
for and on behalf of
ACE LIMITED
-79-
 
SCHEDULE 5

                            Form of Extension Request

From:    ACE Limited

To:      Citibank International plc

Dated:

Re:      [Applicant 1]
         [Applicant 2]	

Dear Sirs
We refer to the (pound)380,000,000 letter of credit agreement originally dated 19 November 1999, (as (a) amended and restated pursuant to the First Restatement Agreement, (b) amended pursuant to the Amendment Agreement, (c) amended and restated pursuant to the Second Restated Agreement and (d) amended and restated pursuant to the Third Restatement Agreement (the "Agreement")) between, inter alia, ACE Limited (the "Account Party"), the financial institutions named therein as Banks and Citibank International plc as Agent.
Terms defined in the Agreement shall have the same meanings in this Extension Request.
1. Pursuant to Clause 4 (Extension of Letters of Credit) of the Agreement, the Account Party, on behalf of [ ] (the "Applicant[s]"), hereby requests that the Banks extend the Letter[s] of Credit in accordance with the information annexed hereto as Annex A.
2. The Account Party hereby certifies that on the date hereof and on the date of extension set forth in Annex A, in each case both before and after giving effect to the extension requested hereby:
(i) no Event of Default or Potential Event of Default has occurred and is continuing;
(ii) each of the representations and warranties of the Account Party contained in the Agreement and each other Finance Document is correct in all material respects on the date hereof, except representations and warranties which expressly refer to an earlier date in which case the same shall be true on and as of such earlier date;
(iii) after giving effect to the extension requested hereby, the aggregate Sterling Amount of the Outstandings will not exceed the Total Commitments; and
(iv) the Letter[s] of Credit requested hereby [is/are] being extended solely as security to support the underwriting business of the Applicant[s] at Lloyd's which has been provided in accordance with the requirements of Lloyd's applicable to [it/them].
-80-
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Account Party has caused this Certificate to be executed by its duly authorised officer as of the date and year first written above.
ACE LIMITED
By:____________________
Name:__________________
Title:_________________
-81-
Annex A
Letter of Credit Information/2/
1. Name of Beneficiary:

2. Letter of Credit Number:

3. Maximum amount available under Letter of Credit: (Pounds)/US$____
4. New Termination Date: 30 September ____/3/

/2/ A Separate "Letter of Credit Information" should be completed for each Letter of Credit covered by the Extension Request.
/3/ Insert immediately succeeding year in which the then-applicable current Termination Date falls.
-82-
SCHEDULE 6
Form of Letter of Credit
Letter of Credit to be issued by the Agent on behalf of the Banks
To: The Society and Council of Lloyd's
c/o General Manager, Members' Financial Services Gun Wharf
Dock Road
Chatham
Kent ME4 4TU
Dear Sirs
Irrevocable Standby Letter of Credit No. [ ] Re: [name of Corporate Member of Lloyd's] (the "Applicant")
This Clean Irrevocable Standby Letter of Credit (the "Credit") is issued by the banks whose names are set out in Appendix 1 hereto (the "Issuing Banks", and each an "Issuing Bank") in favour of the Society of Lloyd's ("Lloyd's") on the following terms:
1. Subject to the terms hereof, the Issuing Banks shall make payments within two business days of demand on Citibank International plc (the "Agent") in accordance with paragraph 4 below.
2. Upon a demand being made by Lloyd's pursuant to paragraph 4 below each Issuing Bank shall pay that proportion of the amount demanded which is equal to the proportion which its Commitment set out in Appendix 1 hereto bears to the aggregate Commitments of all the Issuing Banks set out in Appendix 1 hereto, provided that the obligations of the Issuing Banks under this Credit shall be several and no Issuing Bank shall be required to pay an amount exceeding its Commitment set out in Appendix 1 hereto and the Issuing Banks shall not be obliged to make payments hereunder in aggregate exceeding a maximum amount of [amount in approved currency]. Any payment by an Issuing Bank hereunder shall be made in [approved currency] to Lloyd's account specified in the demand made by Lloyd's pursuant to paragraph 4 below.
3. This Credit is effective from 22 November 2002 (the "Commencement Date") and will expire on the Final Expiration Date. This Credit shall remain in force until we give you not less than four years' notice in writing terminating the same on the fourth anniversary of the Commencement Date or on any date subsequent thereto as specified in such notice (the "Final Expiration Date"), our notice to be sent by registered mail for the attention of the General Manager, Members' Financial Services, at the above address.
4. Subject to paragraph 3 above, the Issuing Banks shall pay to Lloyd's under this Credit upon presentation of a demand by Lloyd's on Citibank International plc at Citigroup Centre, Canada Square, Canary Wharf, London E14 5LB marked for the attention of [Cliff Posner, Loans Agency] (and, in copy, at Citigroup Centre, Canada Square, Canary Wharf, London E14 5LB marked for the attention of Jon Pasquill, Global Cash and
-83-
Trade) in the form set out in Appendix 2 or Appendix 3 (as appropriate) hereto the amount specified therein (which amount shall not, when aggregated with all other amounts paid by the Issuing Banks to Lloyd's under this Credit, exceed the maximum amount referred to in paragraph 2 above).
5. The Agent has signed this Credit as agent for disclosed principals and accordingly shall be under no obligation to Lloyd's hereunder.
6. All charges are for the Applicant's account.
7. Subject to any contrary indication herein, this Credit is subject to the International Standby Practices - ISP98 (1998 publication) - International Chamber of Commerce Publication No. 590.
8. This Credit shall be governed by and interpreted in accordance with English law and the Issuing Banks hereby irrevocably submit to the jurisdiction of the High Court of Justice in England.
9. Each of the Issuing Banks engages with Lloyd's that demands made under and in compliance with the terms and conditions of this Credit shall be duly honoured on presentation.
Yours faithfully
CITIBANK INTERNATIONAL plc
for and on behalf of
[Names of all Issuing Banks]
-84-
APPENDIX 1
Issuing Banks' Commitments

Name and Address of Issuing Bank Commitment

Total value:

-85-
APPENDIX 2
Form of Demand (Sterling)
[on Lloyd's letterhead]
Dear Sir/Madam
THE SOCIETY OF LLOYD'S
TRUSTEE OF
LETTER OF CREDIT NO.
With reference to the above, we enclose for your attention a Bill of Exchange, together with the respective Credit. Payment should be made by way of CHAPS. The

account details are as follows:-

National Westminster Bank Plc            Sort Code 60-00-01
City of London Office                    Account 13637444
P.O. Box 12258
1 Princes Street
London EC2R 8AP

Please quote Member Code:

Yours faithfully

for Manager
Members' Funds Department
Members' Services Unit

                                      -86-	

Your ref:
Our ref: MEM/  /  /  /C911f
Extn:

BILL OF EXCHANGE
The Society of Lloyd's

Trustee of
Letter of Credit No.	

Please pay in accordance with the terms of the Credit to our order the amount of (Pounds) .
For and on behalf of
Authorised Signatory
Membership Department
TO: Citibank International plc
as Agent
-87-
APPENDIX 3
Form of Demand (Approved Currency)
[on Lloyd's letterhead]
Dear Sir/Madam
THE SOCIETY OF LLOYD'S
TRUSTEE OF
LETTER OF CREDIT NO.
With reference to the above, we enclose for your attention a Bill of Exchange, together with the respective Credit. Payment should be made by way of SWIFT. The

account details are as follows:-

National Westminster Bank Plc                Sort Code 60-00-01
City of London Office                        Account 13637444
P.O. Box 12258
1 Princes Street                             SWIFT Code NWBK GB21
London EC2R 8AP                              SWIFT Code Intermediary CHA SUS33

Please quote Member Code:

Yours faithfully

for Manager
Members' Funds Department
Members' Services Unit

                                      -88-	

Your ref:
Our ref: MEM/  /  /  /C911f
Extn:

BILL OF EXCHANGE
The Society of Lloyd's

Trustee of
Letter of Credit No.	

Please pay in accordance with the terms of the Credit to our order the amount of $ .
For and on behalf of
Authorised Signatory
Membership Department
TO: Citibank International plc
as Agent
-89-
SCHEDULE 7
Mandatory Liquid Asset Costs Rate
1. For the purposes of this Agreement, the cost of compliance with existing requirements of the Bank of England and/or the Financial Services Authority will be calculated by the Agent in relation to each Unpaid Sum on the basis of rates supplied by the Agent (or such Bank(s) as it may from time to time determine) by reference to the circumstances existing on the first day of each Term in respect of such Unpaid Sum and, if any such Term of such Unpaid Sum exceeds three months, at three calendar monthly intervals from the first day of such Term during its duration in accordance with the following formula:
(a) in relation to Unpaid Sums denominated in Sterling:
AB + C(B - D) + E x 0.01 per cent. per annum
100 - (A + C)
(b) in relation to Unpaid Sums denominated in dollars:
E x 0.01 per cent. per annum

300
Where:
A is the percentage of eligible liabilities (assuming these to be in excess of any stated minimum) which the Agent (or such Bank as it may determine) is from time to time required to maintain as an interest free cash ratio deposit with the Bank of England to comply with cash ratio requirements.
B is the percentage rate per annum at which sterling deposits are offered by the Agent (or such Bank as it may determine) in accordance with its normal practice, for a period equal to (a) the relevant Term (or, as the case may be, remainder of such Term) in respect of the relevant Unpaid Sum or (b) three months, whichever is the shorter, to a leading bank in the London Interbank Market as of 11.00 a.m. in a sum approximately equal to the amount of such Unpaid Sum.
C is the percentage of eligible liabilities which the Agent (or such Bank as it may determine) is required from time to time to maintain as interest bearing special deposits with the Bank of England.
D is the percentage rate per annum payable by the Bank of England to the Agent (or such Bank as it may determine) on interest bearing special deposits.
E is the rate payable by the Agent (or such Bank as it may determine) to the Financial Services Authority pursuant to the Fees Regulations (but, for this purpose, ignoring any minimum fee required pursuant to the
-90-
Fees Regulations) and expressed in Pounds per (Pounds)1,000,000 of the Fee Base of the Agent (or such Bank as it may determine).
2. For the purposes of this Schedule:
(i) "eligible liabilities" and "special deposits" shall bear the meanings ascribed to them from time to time under or pursuant to the Bank of England Act 1998 or (as may be appropriate) by the Bank of England;
(ii) "Fee Regulations" means the Banking Supervision (Fees) Regulations 2001 or such other regulation as may be in force from time to time in respect of the payment of fees for banking supervision; and
(iii) "Fee Base" shall bear the meaning ascribed to it, and shall be calculated in accordance with, the Fees Regulations.
3. The percentages used in A and C above shall be those required to be maintained on the first day of the relevant period as determined in accordance with B above.
4. In application of the above formula, A, B, C and D will be included in the formula as figures and not as percentages e.g. if A is 0.5 per cent. and B is 12 per cent., AB will be calculated as 0.5 x 12 and not as 0.5 per cent.
x 12 per cent.
5. Calculations will be made on the basis of a 365 day year (or, if market practice differs, in accordance with market practice).
6. A negative result obtained by subtracting D from B shall be taken as zero.
7. The resulting figures shall be rounded to four decimal places.
8. Additional amounts calculated in accordance with this Schedule are payable on the last day of the Term to which they relate.
9. The determination of the Mandatory Liquid Asset Costs Rate by the Agent in relation to any period shall, in the absence of manifest error, be conclusive and binding on all of the parties hereto.
10. The Agent may from time to time, after consultation with the Account Party and the Banks, determine and notify to all parties any amendments or variations which are required to be made to the formula set out above in order to comply with any requirements from time to time imposed by the Bank of England or the Financial Services Authority in relation to any Unpaid Sum and any such determination shall, in the absence of manifest error, be conclusive and binding on all the parties hereto.
-91-
SCHEDULE 8
Form of Confidentiality Undertaking
[Letterhead of Transferor]
[Date]
To: [Transferee]
Dear Sirs,
ACE Limited - (Pounds)380,000,000 Letter of Credit Facility Agreement originally dated 19 November 1999 (as (a) amended and restated pursuant to a First Amendment Agreement dated 17 November 2000, (b) an Amendment Agreement dated 23 October 2001, (c) a Second Restatement Agreement dated 21 November 2001 and (d) a Third Restatement Agreement dated 19 November 2002)
Confidentiality Agreement
In connection with your possible interest in becoming a bank in the above-captioned facility (the "Transaction") for ACE Limited (the "Company"), we will be providing you with information that is not in the public domain but that is confidential or proprietary in nature. Such information and any other information concerning the Company or the Transaction furnished to you by
[Transferor], or by or on behalf of the Company (whether before, on or after the date of this Agreement), together with analyses, compilations or other materials prepared by you or your directors, officers, employees or advisors (collectively, "Representatives") which contain or otherwise reflect such information, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Information". In consideration of your receipt of the Information, you agree that:
1. Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, you will not (a) use the Information except in connection with the Transaction or (b) disclose to any person any terms or conditions of the Transaction or any portion of the Information.
2. Notwithstanding the foregoing, you may disclose the Information: (a) to your Representatives who need to know the Information for purposes of evaluating the Transaction and who are informed by you of the confidential nature of the Information and who agree to be bound by the terms of this Agreement; (b) as may be required by applicable law or at the request of any regulatory or supervisory authority having jurisdiction over you or at the request of any rating agency for purposes of establishing or maintaining your debt ratings, provided that you request confidential treatment thereof to the extent permitted by law; or (c) with the prior written consent of the Company and [Transferor].
3. The reference to the term "Information" contained in paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not include such portions thereof which (a) are or become available to the public through no fault or action by you or your Representatives or
(b) are or hereafter become available to you on a non-confidential basis from a source other than the Company, [Transferor] or their respective Representatives, which source, to the best of your knowledge, is not prohibited from disclosing such Information to you by a contractual, legal or fiduciary obligation to the Company or [Transferor].
-92-
4. In the event that you or any of your Representatives becomes legally compelled to disclose any of the Information or the existence of the Transaction, you will, to the extent permitted by law provide the Company and [Transferor] with prompt notice so that they may seek a protective order or other appropriate remedy. In the event that such protective order or remedy is not obtained, you shall furnish only that portion of the Information that is legally required and shall disclose such Information in a manner reasonably designed to preserve its confidential nature.
5. In the event that discussions with you concerning the Transaction are discontinued or your participation in the Transaction is otherwise terminated, you shall redeliver to [Transferor] any Information that was furnished to you by or on behalf of the Company or the Transferor or shall certify to the Company and [Transferor] that you have destroyed all such Information.
6. You agree to be responsible for any breach of this Agreement by you or your Representatives.
7. You acknowledge that money damages and other remedies at law may be inadequate to protect against breach of this Agreement and you hereby agree to the granting of injunctive or other equitable relief without proof of actual damages.
8. It is further understood and agreed that no failure or delay by the Company or [Transferor] in exercising any right, power or privilege hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise thereof preclude any other or further exercise thereof.
9. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of England and Wales.
If you are prepared to accept the Information on the foregoing terms, please countersign this Agreement in the space provided below and deliver it via telecopier (with the executed original to follow by next-day courier) to:
[Transferor]
[address]
Attention:
Telecopier:
Your acceptance of this Agreement shall be effective upon our receipt of such fax from you.
Yours faithfully,
[TRANSFEROR]
-93-
By: [ ] [ACCEPTED AND AGREED]
 Title: [ ] As at the date hereof
[Name of Transferee]
By: [ ]
Title: [ ]
-94-
 
SCHEDULE 9
Pricing Schedule
"L/C Commission Rate" means, for any date, the rates set forth below in the row opposite such term and in the column corresponding to the Pricing Level that applies at such date:

======================================================================================================
                               Level I        Level II       Level III      Level IV       Level V
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
L/C Commission Rate            0.55 per       0.60 per       0.65 per       0.675 per      0.70 per
                               cent.          cent.          cent.          cent.          cent.
======================================================================================================	

For purposes of this Schedule 9, the following Pricing Levels have the following meanings:
"Level I" applies at any date if, at such date, the Guarantor's Financial Strength Rating is rated AA- or higher by S&P.
"Level II" applies at any date if, at such date, the Guarantor's Financial Strength Rating is rated A+ by S&P.
"Level III" applies at any date if, at such date, the Guarantor's Financial Strength Rating is rated A by S&P.
"Level IV" applies at any date if, at such date, the Guarantor's Financial Strength Rating is rated A- by S&P.
"Level V" applies at any date if, at such date, the Guarantor's Financial Strength Rating is rated BBB+ or less by S&P.
"Financial Strength Rating" means the financial strength rating of a company determined by the method used by S&P.
"Pricing Level" refers to the determination of which of Level I, Level II, Level III, Level IV or Level V applies at any date.
"S&P" means Standard & Poor's Rating Services (a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.).
The credit ratings to be utilised for the purposes of this Schedule 9 are those ratings assigned to the Financial Strength Rating of the Guarantor. The rating in effect at any date is that in effect at the close of business on such date.
-95-
SCHEDULE 10
Existing Liens
1. Liens securing letters of credit issued by Citibank, N.A. for the account of Cigna Europe in an aggregate stated amount not exceeding US$16,000,000 (subject to currency fluctuations).
2. Liens securing letters of credit issued by Citibank, N.A. for the account of INA (UK) in an aggregate stated amount not exceeding US$8,000,000.
3. US$70,000,000 of Cigna Overseas Insurance Company investments are pledged to Domestic Pool companies under a Regulation 114 trust.
4. Lien arising under a Subordination Agreement dated as of 27 October 1998 among ACE US Holdings, Inc., ACE Limited and The Chase Manhattan Bank encumbering ACE US Holdings, Inc.'s rights under the Subordinated Loan Agreement dated as of 27 October 1998 among ACE US Holdings, Inc., ACE Bermuda Insurance Ltd. and United States Trust Company of New York, as trustee under the Indenture dated 17 October 1998 of ACE US Holdings, Inc.
-96-
 
SCHEDULE 11
Form of Charge Agreement

Name of each Chargor and the address of its registered or principal office:
(1) ACE Limited ACE Global Headquarters 17 Woodbourne Avenue

      Hamilton  HM08
      Bermuda

Facsimile no:  +441 296 0087	

(2) ACE Bermuda Insurance Ltd.
ACE Global Headquarters
17 Woodbourne Avenue

      Hamilton  HM08
      Bermuda

Facsimile no: +441 296 0087

((1) and (2) together the "Chargors" and each a "Chargor")	

Name of Custodian and address of its registered or principal office:
[ ]
Facsimile no: [ ] (the "Custodian")

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Date:   [Date]

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

To:   CITIBANK INTERNATIONAL plc (the "Security Trustee")
      336 Strand
      London WC2R 1HB

      The terms used in this Charge Agreement are defined in Clause 23
      (Payments).

                                      -97-	

     It is a condition precedent to the obligations of the Banks under the
     Agreement that the Chargors shall have granted the security interests and
     undertaken the obligations contemplated by this Charge Agreement.

     NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and in order to induce the
     Banks to issue Letters of Credit under the Agreement and for other good and
     valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby
     acknowledged, each Chargor hereby agrees with the Security Trustee as
     follows:

1.   PAYMENT AND DISCHARGE

     We shall pay and discharge in full all of the Obligations at the times and
     in the manner provided for in the Agreements.

2.   CHARGE

2.1  Each Chargor hereby pledges and assigns to the Security Trustee, and hereby
     grants to the Security Trustee a security interest in, its portion of the
     Charged Portfolio as collateral security for the prompt payment or
     performance in full when due, whether at stated maturity, by required
     prepayment, declaration, acceleration, demand or otherwise (including the
     payment of amounts that would become due but for the operation of the
     automatic stay under Section 362(a) of the United States Bankruptcy Code,
     11 U.S.C. 362(a)), of all Obligations.

2.2  Notwithstanding any provision of the Agreement to the contrary, the
     Security Trustee's entitlement and recourse against the Charged Portfolio
     under this Charge Agreement shall not in any circumstances exceed an amount
     equal to the Required Value.

2.3  Each Chargor shall deposit all of its portion of the Charged Portfolio in
     the accounts comprising the Charged Portfolio and held with the Custodian.

3.   CUSTODIAN'S UNDERTAKING

     We undertake to deliver (or procure the delivery of) the Custodian's
     Undertaking to you forthwith upon the execution of this Charge Agreement.

4.   REQUIRED VALUE

     We undertake to ensure that with effect from the date of this Charge
     Agreement and at all times thereafter until the Obligations are discharged
     in full:

4.1  the market value of the Charged Portfolio (including the accounts and
     securities of both Chargors) shall not be less than the Required Value and
     without limitation from time to time to pay or transfer to the Custodian
     (by way of increment to the Charged Portfolio) money and/or securities so
     that the market value of each Chargor's portion of the Charged Portfolio
     (including the accounts and securities of both Chargors) shall not be less
     than the Required Value; and

4.2  each component part of the Charged Portfolio shall satisfy the Security
     Trustee's Requirements applicable thereto.

                                      -98-	

5.   FURTHER ASSURANCE

     Each Chargor agrees that from time to time, at the expense of such Chargor,
     such Chargor shall promptly execute and deliver all further instruments and
     documents, and take all further action, that may be necessary or desirable,
     or that the Security Trustee may reasonably request, in order to perfect
     and protect any security interest granted or purported to be granted hereby
     or to enable the Security Trustee or the Custodian to exercise and enforce
     its rights and remedies hereunder or under the Custodian's Undertaking with
     respect to any part of such Chargor's portion of the Charged Portfolio.
     Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, each Chargor shall: (a)
     execute and file such assignments, financing or continuation statements, or
     amendments thereto, and such other instruments or notices, as may
     reasonably be necessary or desirable, or as the Security Trustee may
     request, in order to perfect and preserve the security interests granted or
     purported to be granted hereby, and (b) at the Security Trustee's request,
     appear in and defend any action or proceeding that may affect such
     Chargor's title to or the Security Trustee's security interest in all or
     any part of such Chargor's portion of the Charged Portfolio.

6.   REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES

     Each Chargor hereby represents and warrants to you and undertakes that:

6.1  it is (or at the time of transfer thereof to the Custodian will be) the
     beneficial owner of its portion of the Charged Portfolio from time to time
     transferred by it to the Custodian, as agent for the Security Trustee, free
     and clear of any lien other than Permitted Liens in accordance with the
     undertaking contained in Clause 7 (Negative Pledge) hereof, except for the
     security interest created by this Charge Agreement. The pledge and
     assignment of the Charged Portfolio pursuant to this Charge Agreement and
     the Custodian's Undertaking creates a valid security interest in its
     portion of the Charged Portfolio securing the payment of the Obligations.
     Assuming execution and due performance of the Custodian's Undertaking by
     the Custodian, the security interest in the Charged Portfolio is or will be
     perfected and senior in priority to any other lien therein;

6.2  subject to paragraph 11 of the Custodian's Undertaking, it has not sold or
     agreed to sell or otherwise disposed of or agreed to dispose of the benefit
     of its portion of the Charged Portfolio or any part thereof;

6.3  it has and will at all times have the necessary power to enable it to enter
     into and perform the obligations expressed to be assumed by it under this
     Charge Agreement;

6.4  this Charge Agreement constitutes its legal, valid, binding and enforceable
     obligation (subject to bankruptcy, insolvency or other laws of general
     application affecting the enforcement of creditors' rights, the application
     of equitable principles and the non-availability of the equitable remedies
     of specific performance or injunctive relief) and is a security over its
     portion of the Charged Portfolio and every part thereof effective in
     accordance with its terms; and

6.5  all necessary authorisations to enable or entitle it to enter into this
     Charge Agreement have been obtained and are in full force and effect and
     will remain in full force and effect

                                      -99-	

     at all times during the subsistence of the security hereby constituted and
     no authorisation, approval or other action by, and no notice to or filing
     with, any governmental authority or regulatory body is required for either
     (a) the grant by it of the security interest granted hereby, (b) the
     execution, delivery or performance of this Charge Agreement or the
     Custodian's Undertaking by it, or (c) the perfection of or the exercise by
     Security Trustee or the Custodian of its rights and remedies hereunder or
     under the Custodian's Undertaking.

6.6  All information heretofore, herein or hereafter supplied to the Security
     Trustee or the Custodian by or on behalf of it with respect to its portion
     of the Charged Portfolio is accurate and complete in all material respects.

7.   NEGATIVE PLEDGE

     Each Chargor undertakes with you that at no time during the subsistence of
     the security interest granted hereby will it, otherwise than:

7.1  in your favour, or

7.2  with your prior written consent and in accordance with and subject to any
     conditions which you may attach to such consent,

     create, grant, extend or permit to subsist any lien, security interest or
     other encumbrance on or over its portion of the Charged Portfolio or any
     part thereof, other than Permitted Liens. The foregoing prohibition shall
     apply not only to any lien, security interest or other encumbrance which
     rank or purport to rank in point of security in priority to the security
     hereby constituted but also to any lien, security interest or other
     encumbrance which rank or purport to rank pari passu therewith or
     thereafter.

8.   POWER OF SALE

8.1  Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default which is continuing and has not
     been remedied or waived under the Agreement, the Security Trustee may
     instruct the Custodian to (a) sell or redeem any of the Charged Portfolio,
     (b) transfer any or all of the Charged Portfolio constituting cash to any
     account designated by the Security Trustee, including an account or
     accounts established in the Security Trustee's name (whether with the
     Security Trustee or the Custodian or otherwise), (c) register title to all
     or any portion of the Charged Portfolio in any name specified by the
     Security Trustee, including the name of the Security Trustee or any of its
     nominees or agents, without reference to any interest of the Chargors, or
     (d) otherwise deal with the Charged Portfolio as directed by the Security
     Trustee.

8.2  Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default which is continuing and has not
     been remedied or waived under the Agreement, the Security Trustee may
     exercise in respect of the Charged Portfolio, in addition to all other
     rights and remedies provided for herein or otherwise available to it, all
     the rights and remedies of a secured party on default under the Uniform
     Commercial Code as in effect in any relevant jurisdiction (the "UCC")
     (whether or not the UCC applies to the affected Charged Portfolio), and the
     Security Trustee may also in its sole discretion sell the Charged Portfolio
     or any part thereof in one or more parcels at public or private sale, at
     any exchange or broker's board

                                      -100-	

     or at any of the Security Trustee's offices or elsewhere, for cash, on
     credit or for future delivery, at such time or times and at such price or
     prices and upon such other terms as the Security Trustee may deem
     commercially reasonable, irrespective of the impact of any such sales on
     the market price of the Charged Portfolio. Each purchaser at any such sale
     shall hold the property sold absolutely free from any claim or right on the
     part of the Chargors, and each Chargor hereby waives (to the extent
     permitted by applicable law) all rights of redemption, stay or appraisal
     which it now has or may at any time in the future have under any rule of
     law or statute now existing or hereafter enacted. The Security Trustee
     shall not be obligated to make any sale of Charged Portfolio regardless of
     notice of sale having been given. The Security Trustee may adjourn any
     public or private sale from time to time by announcement at the time and
     place fixed therefor, and such sale may, without further notice, be made at
     the time and place to which it was so adjourned.

8.3  Each Chargor hereby agrees that the property included in the Charged
     Portfolio is of a type customarily sold on recognized markets and,
     accordingly, that no notice to any person is required before any sale of
     any of the Charged Portfolio pursuant to the terms of this Charge
     Agreement; provided that, without prejudice to the foregoing, each Chargor
     agrees that, to the extent notice of any such sale shall be required by
     law, at least ten days' notice to it of the time and place of any public
     sale or the time after which any private sale is to be made shall
     constitute reasonable notification.

8.4  If the proceeds of any sale or other disposition of the Charged Portfolio
     are insufficient to pay all the Obligations, the Chargors shall be liable
     for the deficiency and the fees of any attorneys employed by the Security
     Trustee to collect such deficiency.

8.5  Anything contained herein to the contrary notwithstanding, any of the
     Charged Portfolio consisting of a deposit or an other obligation of the
     Security Trustee, whether credited to the Charged Portfolio or otherwise,
     shall be subject to the Security Trustee's rights of set-off.

9.   POWER OF ATTORNEY

9.1  Each Chargor hereby irrevocably appoints the Security Trustee as its
     attorney-in-fact, with full authority in the place and stead of such
     Chargor and in the name of such Chargor, the Security Trustee or otherwise,
     from time to time in the Security Trustee's discretion upon the occurrence
     of an Event of Default which is continuing and has not been remedied or
     waived under the Agreement, to take any action and execute and deliver, any
     instrument that the Security Trustee may reasonably deem necessary or
     advisable to accomplish the purposes of this Charge Agreement or the
     Custodian's Undertaking, including, without limitation, executing
     instruments of transfer (or completing partially completed instruments
     executed by us), assignments or notices, or exercising any of the rights
     and powers from time to time attaching to any part of such Chargor's
     portion of the Charged Portfolio. Each Chargor hereby undertakes to ratify
     and confirm all things done and documents executed by the Security Trustee
     in the exercise of the power of attorney conferred by this Clause.

9.2  If the Chargor fails to perform any agreement contained herein, the
     Security Trustee may itself perform, or cause performance of, such
     agreement, and the expenses of the Security

                                      -101-	

      Trustee incurred in connection therewith shall be payable by the Chargor
      under Clause 14 (Exculpation, Costs, Charges and Expenses).

10.   EFFECTIVENESS OF SECURITY

10.1  This Charge Agreement shall be in addition to and shall be independent of
      every other security which you may at any time hold for any of the
      Obligations. No prior security held by you over the whole or any part of
      the Charged Portfolio shall merge in the security hereby constituted.

10.2  Nothing contained in this Charge Agreement is intended to, or shall
      operate so as to, prejudice or affect any bill, note, guarantee, mortgage,
      pledge, charge or other security of any kind whatsoever which you may have
      for the Obligations or any of them or any right, remedy or privilege of
      yours thereunder.

11.   REMEDIES, TIME OR INDULGENCE

11.1  The rights, powers and remedies provided by this Charge Agreement are
      cumulative and are not, nor are they to be construed as, exclusive of any
      right of set-off or other rights, powers and remedies provided by law.

11.2  No failure on your part to exercise, or delay on your part in exercising,
      any of the rights, powers and remedies provided by this Charge Agreement
      or by law (each a "Security Trustee Right") shall operate as a waiver
      thereof, nor shall any single or partial waiver of a Security Trustee
      Right preclude any further or other exercise of that Security Trustee
      Right or the exercise of any other Security Trustee Right.

11.3  You may in your discretion grant time or other indulgence or make any
      other arrangement, variation or release with any person(s) not party
      hereto (irrespective of whether such person(s) is/are jointly liable with
      us) in respect of the Obligations or in any way affecting or concerning
      them or any of them or in respect of any security for the Obligations or
      any of them, without in any such case prejudicing, affecting or impairing
      the security hereby constituted, or any Security Trustee Right or the
      exercise of the same, or any indebtedness or other liability owed by
      either of us to you.

12.   ACCOUNTS

      All monies received, recovered or realised by you under this Charge
      Agreement (including the proceeds of any conversion of currency) may in
      your discretion be credited to any suspense or impersonal account and may
      be held in such account for so long as you shall think fit (with interest
      accruing thereon at such rate, if any, as you may deem fit) pending their
      application from time to time (as you shall be entitled to do in your
      discretion) in or towards the discharge of any of the Obligations.

13.   CURRENCY

13.1  For the purpose of or pending the discharge of any of the Obligations you
      may convert any monies received, recovered or realised or subject to
      application by you under this Charge Agreement (including the proceeds of
      any previous conversion under this Clause) from their existing currency of
      denomination into the currency of denomination

                                      -102-	

      of such Obligations as you may think fit, and any such conversion shall be
      effected at your then prevailing spot rate of exchange for obtaining such
      other currency with the existing currency.

13.2  References herein to any currency extend to any funds of that currency and
      for the avoidance of doubt funds of one currency may be converted into
      different funds of the same currency.

14.   EXCULPATION, COSTS, CHARGES AND EXPENSES

14.1  The powers conferred on the Security Trustee hereunder are solely to
      protect its interest in the Charged Portfolio and shall not impose any
      duty upon it to exercise any such powers. Except for the exercise of
      reasonable care in the custody of any portion of the Charged Portfolio in
      its possession and the accounting for moneys actually received by it
      hereunder, the Security Trustee shall have no duty as to any Charged
      Portfolio, it being understood that the Security Trustee shall have no
      responsibility for (a) ascertaining or taking action with respect to
      calls, conversions, exchanges, maturities, tenders or other matters
      relating to any Charged Portfolio, whether or not the Security Trustee has
      or is deemed to have knowledge of such matters, (b) taking any necessary
      steps (other than steps taken in accordance with the standard of care set
      forth above to maintain possession of the Charged Portfolio) to preserve
      rights against any parties with respect to any Charged Portfolio, (c)
      taking any necessary steps to collect or realise upon the Obligations or
      any guarantee therefor, or any part thereof, or any of the Charged
      Portfolio, (d) initiating any action to protect the Charged Portfolio
      against the possibility of a decline in market value, (e) any loss
      resulting from investments made, held or sold, or (f) determining (i) the
      correctness of any statement or calculation made by a Chargor in any
      written instructions or (ii) whether any transfer to or from the Charged
      Portfolio is proper. The Security Trustee shall be deemed to have
      exercised reasonable care in the custody and preservation of Charged
      Portfolio in its possession if such Charged Portfolio is accorded
      treatment substantially equal to that which the Security Trustee accords
      its own property of like kind. In addition to the foregoing and without
      limiting the generality thereof, the Security Trustee shall not be
      responsible for any actions or omissions of Custodian.

14.2  Each Chargor agrees to indemnify the Security Trustee from and against any
      and all claims, losses and liabilities in any way relating to, growing out
      of or resulting from this Charge Agreement and the transactions
      contemplated hereby (including enforcement of this Charge Agreement),
      except to the extent such claims, losses or liabilities result from the
      Security Trustee's gross negligence or wilful misconduct as finally
      determined by a court of competent jurisdiction.

14.3  Each Chargor shall pay to the Security Trustee upon demand the amount of
      any and all costs and expenses, including the reasonable fees and expenses
      of its counsel and of any experts and agents, that the Securities Trustee
      may incur in connection with (a) the administration of this Charge
      Agreement, (b) the custody, preservation, use or operation of, or the sale
      of, collection from, or other realisation upon, any of the Charged
      Portfolio, (c) the exercise or enforcement of any of the rights of the
      Security Trustee hereunder, or (d) the failure by a Chargor to perform or
      observe any of the provisions hereof on a full

                                      -103-	

      indemnity basis together with interest from the date of the same having
      been incurred (or from the date of demand if such demand is made after
      unreasonable delay) to the date of payment at such rate or rates as you
      may determine in relation to the currency involved.

15.   CONTINUING SECURITY INTEREST

      This Charge Agreement shall create a continuing security interest in the
      Charged Portfolio and shall (a) remain in full force and effect until the
      indefeasible payment in full of the Obligations and the cancellation or
      expiration of all outstanding Letters of Credit, (b) be binding upon each
      Chargor, its successors and assigns, and (c) inure, together with the
      rights and remedies of the Security Trustee hereunder, to the benefit of
      Security Trustee and the Banks and their respective successors,
      transferees and assigns. Upon the indefeasible payment in full of all
      Obligations and the cancellation or expiration of all outstanding Letters
      of Credit, the security interest granted hereby shall terminate and all
      rights to the Charged Portfolio shall revert to the respective Chargor so
      long as the Custodian's fees, expenses, and advancements have first been
      paid or reimbursed in full. Upon any such termination the Security Trustee
      shall, at the Chargors' expense, execute and deliver to the Chargors such
      documents as the Chargors shall reasonably request to evidence such
      termination and each Chargor shall be entitled to the return, upon its
      request and at its expense, against receipt and without recourse to the
      Security Trustee, of such of its Charged Portfolio as shall not have been
      sold or otherwise applied pursuant to the terms hereof.

16.   AMENDMENTS

      No amendment or waiver of any provision of this Charge Agreement, or
      consent to any departure by a Chargor herefrom, shall in any event be
      effective unless the same shall be in writing and signed by the Security
      Trustee, and then such waiver or consent shall be effective only in the
      specific instance and for the specific purpose for which it was given.

17.   LAW AND JURISDICTION

17.1  THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND SHALL BE CONSTRUED AND ENFORCED
      IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE INTERNAL LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, WITHOUT
      REGARD TO CONFLICTS OF LAWS PRINCIPLES, EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT THAT THE UCC
      PROVIDES THAT THE VALIDITY OR PERFECTION OF THE SECURITY INTEREST
      HEREUNDER, OR REMEDIES HEREUNDER, IN RESPECT OF ANY PARTICULAR COLLATERAL
      ARE GOVERNED BY THE LAWS OF A JURISDICTION OTHER THAN THE STATE OF NEW
      YORK.

17.2  ALL JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS BROUGHT AGAINST THE CHARGORS ARISING OUT OF OR
      RELATING TO THIS CHARGE AGREEMENT MAY BE BROUGHT IN ANY STATE OR FEDERAL
      COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION IN THE STATE, COUNTY AND CITY OF NEW YORK,
      AND BY EXECUTION AND DELIVERY OF THIS CHARGE AGREEMENT EACH CHARGOR
      ACCEPTS FOR ITSELF AND IN CONNECTION WITH ITS PROPERTIES, GENERALLY AND
      UNCONDITIONALLY, THE NONEXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF THE AFORESAID COURTS AND
      WAIVES ANY DEFENSE

                                      -104-	

      OF FORUM NON CONVENIENS AND IRREVOCABLY AGREES TO BE BOUND BY ANY JUDGMENT
      RENDERED THEREBY IN CONNECTION WITH THIS CHARGE AGREEMENT. Each Chargor
      hereby agrees that service of all process in any such proceeding in any
      such court may be made by registered or certified mail, return receipt
      requested, to such Chargor at its address as provided pursuant to Clause
      19 (Notices), such service being hereby acknowledged by each Chargor to be
      sufficient for personal jurisdiction in any action against such Chargor in
      any such court and to be otherwise effective and binding service in every
      respect. Nothing herein shall affect the right to serve process in any
      other manner permitted by law or shall limit the right of the Security
      Trustee to bring proceedings against a Chargor in the courts of any other
      jurisdiction.

17.3  EACH CHARGOR AND THE SECURITY TRUSTEE HEREBY AGREE TO WAIVE THEIR
      RESPECTIVE RIGHTS TO A JURY TRIAL OF ANY CLAIM OR CAUSE OF ACTION BASED
      UPON OR ARISING OUT OF THIS CHARGE AGREEMENT OR THE CUSTODIAN'S
      UNDERTAKING. The scope of this waiver is intended to be all-encompassing
      of any and all disputes that may be filed in any court and that relate to
      the subject matter of this transaction, including contract claims, tort
      claims, breach of duty claims, and all other common law and statutory
      claims. Each Chargor and the Security Trustee acknowledge that this waiver
      is a material inducement for such Chargor and the Security Trustee to
      enter into a business relationship, that each Chargor and the Security
      Trustee have already relied on this waiver in entering into this Charge
      Agreement and that each will continue to rely on this waiver in their
      related future dealings. Each Chargor and the Security Trustee further
      warrant and represents that it has reviewed this waiver with its legal
      counsel, and that it knowingly and voluntarily waives its jury trial
      rights following consultation with legal counsel. THIS WAIVER IS
      IRREVOCABLE, MEANING THAT IT MAY NOT BE MODIFIED EITHER ORALLY OR IN
      WRITING, AND THIS WAIVER SHALL APPLY TO ANY SUBSEQUENT AMENDMENTS,
      RENEWALS, SUPPLEMENTS OR MODIFICATIONS TO THIS CHARGE AGREEMENT OR THE
      CUSTODIAN'S UNDERTAKING. In the event of litigation, this Charge Agreement
      may be filed as a written consent to a trial by the court.

18.   PROVISIONS SEVERABLE

      Each of the provisions contained in this Charge Agreement shall be
      severable and distinct from one another and if at any time any one or more
      of such provisions is or becomes invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the
      validity, legality and enforceability of each of the remaining provisions
      of this Charge Agreement shall not in any way be affected, prejudiced or
      impaired thereby.

19.   NOTICES

      All notices, requests and demands to or upon the Security Trustee or
      either Chargor hereunder shall be effected in the manner provided for in
      Clause 31 (Remedies and Waivers, Partial Invalidity) of the Agreement.

                                      -105-	

20.   THE SECURITY TRUSTEE'S DISCRETIONS

      Any liberty or power which may be exercised or any determination which may
      be made hereunder by you may be exercised or made in your absolute and
      unfettered discretion and you shall not be under any obligation to give
      reasons therefor, provided that the Security Trustee will so act in good
      faith and in accordance with Clause 26 (The Agent, The Arrangers and The
      Banks) of the Agreement).

21.   ASSIGNMENT

      You shall have a full and unfettered right to assign the whole or any part
      of the benefit of this Charge Agreement to any Person who is appointed as
      your successor pursuant to Clause 25 (The Agent, The Arrangers and The
      Banks) of the Agreement and the words "you" and "your" and the expression
      "the Security Trustee" wherever used herein shall be deemed to include
      your assignees and other successors, whether immediate or derivative, who
      shall be entitled to enforce and proceed upon this Charge Agreement in the
      same manner as if named herein. You shall be entitled to impart any
      information concerning us to any such assignee or other successor or any
      participant or proposed assignee, successor or participant subject to such
      person executing and delivering a confidentiality undertaking
      substantially in the form set out in Schedule 8 (Form of Confidentiality
      Undertaking) of the Agreement.

22.   COUNTERPARTS

      This Charge Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts and by
      different parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which when so
      executed and delivered shall be deemed an original, but all such
      counterparts together shall constitute but one and the same instrument;
      signature pages may be detached from multiple separate counterparts and
      attached to a single counterpart so that all signature pages are
      physically attached to the same document.

23.   INTERPRETATION

23.1  Terms not otherwise defined herein shall bear the meaning ascribed to them
      in the Agreement.

      In this Charge Agreement:

      "Agreement" means the (Pounds)380,000,000 letter of credit facility
      agreement originally dated 19 November 1999 (as (a) amended and restated
      pursuant to the First Restatement Agreement, (b) amended pursuant to the
      Amendment Agreement and (c) amended and restated pursuant to the Second
      Restatement Agreement) and made between ACE Limited as account party, ACE
      Bermuda Insurance Ltd. as guarantor, Citibank, N.A. as lead arranger,
      Barclays Bank PLC as arranger, ING Bank, N.V., London Branch as
      co-arranger, Citibank International plc as agent and security trustee and
      the financial institutions defined therein as banks;

      "Charged Portfolio" means at any time all of each Chargor's right, title
      and interest in any and all assets (to include without limitation any and
      all securities) now or hereafter carried in or credited to or held for the	

benefit of:
-106-
(a) the account (designated, at the date hereof, with account number [ ]) maintained by the Custodian in the name of ACE Limited; and
(b) the account (designated, at the date hereof, with account number [ ]) maintained by the Custodian in the name of ACE Bermuda Insurance Ltd.
"Custodian" means the above-mentioned Custodian or such other person as the Chargors and the Security Trustee may agree to in writing from time to time;
"Custodian's Undertaking" means an undertaking in the form set out in the Second Schedule duly executed by the Custodian as the same may be amended or substituted with the prior written consent of the Security Trustee from time to time;
"Obligations" means any and all of the present or future, actual or contingent, obligations of the Chargors to the Finance Parties hereunder or under the Agreement;
"Permitted Lien" means any Lien described in clause (a) of the definition of "Permitted Lien" in the Agreement or in sub-clause 15.9.16 of clause
15.9 (Lien) of the Agreement;
"Required Value" means US$100 or, if Pricing Level V applies, such other amount as is determined in accordance with the Agreement and notified from time to time by the Security Trustee to the Custodian; and
"Security Trustee's Requirements" means the Security Trustee's requirements in respect of the component parts of the Charged Portfolio all as set forth in Part B of the Schedule to the Custodian's Undertaking or as may be agreed from time to time by the Security Trustee and ACE Limited on behalf of the Chargors and notified to the Custodian (provided that the Security Trustee's Requirements may be adjusted by the Security Trustee without the agreement of the Chargors (but after consultation in good faith with ACE Limited on behalf of the Chargors) where an adjustment is necessary to ensure that the Banks continue to receive the same regulatory treatment in respect of their Outstandings as they receive at the date hereof and Provided further that, in the event that the "financial strength rating" of either or both of the Chargors as determined by Standard and Poor's Rating Services reaches BBB+ or less, the Security Trustee's Requirements shall be amended without the prior agreement of the Chargors by the additional requirement that any fixed income securities comprising the Charged Portfolio issued by or fully and explicitly guaranteed by the central government of an OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) country shall only satisfy the Security Trustee's Requirements if such country is rated AA or better by Standard and Poor's Rating Services or AA equivalent or better by any other recognised rating service).
23.2 Any reference in this Charge Agreement to:-
a "business day" shall be construed as a reference to a day (other than a Saturday or Sunday) on which banks are generally open for business in London, Bermuda, and the jurisdiction in which the Custodian's principal or head office is located;
a "clearance system" means Clearstream, the Euro-Clear System, the First Chicago Clearing Centre, The Depository Trust Company and such other clearance system as may
-107-
from time to time be used in connection with transactions relating to any securities, and any depository for any of the foregoing;
a "Clause" is, unless otherwise stated, a reference to a Clause hereof;
a "person" shall be construed as a reference to any person, firm, company, corporation, government, state or agency of a state or any association or partnership (whether or not having separate legal personality) of two or more of the foregoing;
a "Schedule" is, unless otherwise stated, a reference to a schedule hereto; and
"securities" shall be construed as a reference to bonds, debentures, notes, stocks, shares or other securities and all moneys, rights or property which may at any time accrue or be offered (whether by way of bonus, redemption, preference, option or otherwise) in respect of any of the foregoing (and without limitation, shall include any of the foregoing not constituted, evidenced or represented by a certificate or other document but by an entry in the books or other permanent records of the issuer, a trustee or other fiduciary thereof, or a clearance system).
23.3 The obligations of the Chargors hereunder shall be joint and several.
23.4 Any reference in this Charge Agreement to another agreement, arrangement or undertaking shall be construed as a reference to such other agreement, arrangement or undertaking as the same may have been, or may from time to time be, amended, varied, novated or supplemented.
23.5 Clause and Schedule headings are for ease of reference only.
The COMMON or CORPORATE SEAL of
ACE LIMITED was hereto affixed
to this DEED in the presence of:
Director
Secretary/Director
THE COMMON or CORPORATE SEAL of
ACE BERMUDA INSURANCE LTD was hereto affixed
to this DEED in the presence of:
Director
-108-
Secretary/Director
ACKNOWLEDGED AND AGREED:
CITIBANK INTERNATIONAL PLC
As Security Trustee
By:
Title:
-109-
THE FIRST SCHEDULE
NOTICE OF CHARGE OF CHARGED PORTFOLIO
To: [ ]
* _____________________________
(*Contact name at the Custodian)
We refer to (i) the Charge Agreement (the "Charge Agreement") dated [ ] entered into by us in favour of Citibank International plc of 336 Strand, London WC2R 1HB (the "Security Trustee"), a copy of which is annexed hereto and (ii) the Custodian's Undertaking in the form of the Second Schedule to the Charge Agreement. Terms defined in the Charge Agreement shall have the same meanings herein.
Notice is hereby given by us to you that, by and pursuant to the Charge Agreement, we have charged in favour of the Security Trustee all of the Charged Portfolio.
We hereby:
(a) confirm that references to the "Charged Portfolio" are to all the securities and proceeds received from time to time in respect of such securities, which are credited to (i) the account (designated with account number [_]) in the name of ACE Limited and (ii) the account (designated with account number [_]) in the name of ACE Bermuda Insurance Ltd., maintained by you in accordance with the terms of our custodian arrangement with you;
(b) request that you execute the attached Custodian's Undertaking in favour of the Security Trustee and comply with any entitlement orders and instructions, received by you from the Security Trustee, to deliver, transfer or assign the securities and monies (together with all certificates and other instruments evidencing title thereto) in the Charged Portfolio [and any entitlement orders or other instructions that you receive from the Security Trustee with respect to the Charged Portfolio shall constitute "Proper Instructions" for the purposes of the Custodian Agreement between us]*;
(c) confirm that you shall not be liable to us for any action taken or omitted to be taken by you in connection with the Custodian's Undertaking save in the case of wilful misconduct or gross negligence (and, to the maximum extent permitted by law, shall under no circumstances be liable for indirect, special, punitive or consequential damages);
(d) indemnify you against any liabilities, costs, claims and expenses (including reasonable legal fees (whether incurred with external or internal legal advisors)) arising from or in connection with the Custodian's Undertaking or the Charged Portfolio, provided that nothing contained herein shall require that you be indemnified for your wilful misconduct or gross negligence;
[(e)/(f)] [notwithstanding the terms of Section IX of the Custodian Agreement dated June 7, 2001, you shall be entitled to debit any of our accounts maintained by you, other than the account (designated with account number []) in the name of ACE Limited and the account (designated with account number [ ]) in the name of ACE Bermuda Insurance Ltd. (hereinafter the "Charged Accounts") if we require you, your affiliates, subsidiaries or agents to advance cash or investments to, for or on behalf of the Charged Portfolio, for any purpose (including but not limited to securities settlements, foreign exchange contracts and assumed settlement) or in the event that you, your subcustodians or their respective nominees shall incur or be assessed any taxes (except your income taxes or those of any of your subcustodians), charges, expenses, assessment, claims or liabilities in connection with the performance of the Custodian's Undertaking except as may arise from your or your subcustodians' or their respective nominees' own gross negligent action, gross negligent failure to act or wilful misconduct. Any of our property at any time held by you (other than the Charged Portfolio) shall be security therefore and should we fail to repay you promptly, upon ten (10) days' written notice to us, you (save as otherwise provided above) shall be entitled to utilise available cash in any of our accounts (other than the Charged Accounts) maintained by you and to dispose of assets of any of our accounts (other than the Charged Accounts) maintained by you to the extent necessary to obtain reimbursement.]*
[(f)/(g)] confirm that (except as may raise from your own gross negligence, bad faith, or wilful misconduct or the gross negligence, bad faith, or wilful misconduct of a subcustodian or agent) you shall be without liability to us for any loss, liability, claim or expense resulting from or caused by events or circumstances beyond your reasonable control, including, without limitation, the interruption, suspension or restriction of trading on or the closure of any securities markets, power or other mechanical or technological failures or interruptions not within your reasonable control, or computer viruses or communications disruptions, work stoppages, natural disasters, or other similar events or acts.
This notice shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York.
Yours faithfully,

* To be inserted if State Bank and Trust Company are appointed Custodian.
-110-

For and on behalf of
ACE Limited
_____________________________                      Dated _______________________

For and on behalf of
ACE Bermuda Insurance Ltd.                  Dated _______________________	

-111-
THE SECOND SCHEDULE
Custodian's Undertaking

Name of Custodian and address of its registered or principal office:
[ ]
Attn: [ ]
Facsimile no: [ ] (the "Custodian")

Name of each Chargor and the address of its registered or principal office:
ACE Limited
ACE Global Headquarters
17 Woodbourne Avenue
Hamilton HM08
Bermuda
Facsimile no: +441 296 0087
ACE Bermuda Insurance Ltd.
ACE Global Headquarters
17 Woodbourne Avenue
Hamilton HM08
Bermuda
Facsimile no: +441 296 0087
((1) and (2) together the "Chargors" and each a "Chargor" )

Name of Security Trustee and address of its registered or principal office:
Citibank International plc
336 Strand
London WC2R 1HB
Attn: Loans Agency
Facsimile no: +44 20 7500 4482 (the "Security Trustee")

Date of Charge Agreement: [Date]

-112-
To: the Security Trustee
We, the Custodian, refer to the afore-mentioned Charge Agreement (the "Charge Agreement") between the Chargors and the Security Trustee. Save where the context otherwise requires, terms defined in the Charge Agreement shall have the same meanings herein.
In consideration of the Security Trustee and the other Finance Parties entering into the Agreement and issuing Letters of Credit thereunder and pursuant to instructions received by the Custodian from the Chargors, the Custodian hereby represents and irrevocably undertakes and agrees to and with the Security Trustee as follows:
1. The Custodian acknowledges the security interest granted by each Chargor in favor of Security Trustee in the Charged Portfolio.
2. Anything contained herein to the contrary notwithstanding, the Custodian will, without further consent by any Chargor (a) comply with Entitlement Orders originated by the Security Trustee with respect to the Charged Portfolio and any Security Entitlements carried therein, (b) transfer, sell or redeem any of the Charged Portfolio as directed by the Security Trustee,
(c) transfer any or all of the Charged Portfolio to any account or accounts designated by the Security Trustee, including an account established in the Security Trustee's name (whether at the Security Trustee or the Custodian or otherwise), (d) register title to any of the Charged Portfolio in any name specified by the Security Trustee, including the name of the Security Trustee or any of its nominees or agents, without reference to any interest of either Chargor, or (e) otherwise deal with the Charged Portfolio as directed by the Security Trustee.
3. The Custodian hereby further acknowledges that it holds the Charged Portfolio, all Security Entitlements carried therein, and all other collateral held by the Custodian under this Custodian's Undertaking or the Charge Agreement, as custodian for the benefit of, and subject to the control of, the Security Trustee. The Custodian shall, by book entry or otherwise, indicate that the Charged Portfolio, and all Security Entitlements carried therein, are subject to the control of the Security Trustee as provided in Section 2.
4. The Custodian hereby represents and warrants (a) that the records of Custodian show that each Chargor is the sole owner of such Chargor's portion of the Charged Portfolio, (b) that the Custodian has not been served with any notice of levy or received any notice of any security interest in or other claim to the Charged Portfolio, or any portion of the Charged Portfolio, other than Security Trustee's claim pursuant to the Charge Agreement, (c) that the Custodian is not presently obliged to accept any entitlement order from any person with respect to the Charged Portfolio, except for entitlement orders that the Custodian is obligated to accept from the Security Trustee under this undertaking and entitlement orders that the Custodian, subject to the provisions of Section 10 below, is obligated to accept from the Chargors, (d) that the Custodian has all necessary corporate power and authority to enter into and perform this undertaking, (e) that the execution, delivery and performance of this undertaking by the Custodian have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on the part of the Custodian, (f) that the Custodian is a "securities intermediary" (as that term is defined in Section 8-102(a)(14) of the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect in the state of New York (the "Code")) and is acting in such capacity with respect to the Charged Portfolio and (g) that the Custodian
-113-
is not a "clearing corporation" (as that term is defined in Section 8-102(a)(5) of the Code).
5. Without the prior written consent of the Security Trustee, the Custodian will not enter into any agreement by which the Custodian agrees to comply with any entitlement order of any person other than the Security Trustee or, subject to the provisions of Section 10 below, the Chargors, with respect to any portion or all of the Charged Portfolio. The Custodian (a) shall promptly notify the Security Trustee if any person requests the Custodian to enter into any such agreement or otherwise assert or seeks to assert a lien, encumbrance or adverse claim against any portion or all of the Charged Portfolio and (b) will not acknowledge any limitation on the right of Security Trustee to originate "entitlement orders" (as such term is defined in Section 8-102(8) of the Code, "Entitlement Orders") with respect to or direct the transfer of the Charged Portfolio or any portion thereof.
6. The Custodian hereby agrees that: (a) each account comprising the Charged Portfolio established by the Custodian (each, a "Charged Account") is and will be maintained as a "securities account" (within the meaning of Section 8-501 of the Code); (b) any credit balances or other property, other than cash, credited to, or held for the credit of, any such Charged Account shall be treated as "financial assets" (within the meaning of Section 8-102(a)(9) of the Code, "Financial Assets") and (c) each Chargor is an "entitlement holder" (within the meaning of Section 8-102(a)(7) of the Code) in respect of the Financial Assets credited to such Charged Account and with respect to such Charged Account and Custodian shall so note in its records pertaining to such Financial Assets and each Charged Account; and
(d) all Financial Assets in registered form or payable to or to the order of and credited to any such Charged Account shall be registered in the name of, payable to or to the order of, or specially endorsed to, the Custodian or in blank, or credited to another securities account maintained in the name of the Custodian, and in no case will any Financial Asset credited to any such Charged Account be registered in the name of, payable to or to the order of, or endorsed to, either Chargor except to the extent the foregoing have been subsequently endorsed by such Chargor to the Custodian or in blank.
7. The Custodian will deliver to the Security Trustee within three business days of the Security Trustee's request therefor an up-to-date statement or statements of the Charged Portfolio, each component thereof and the aggregate value thereof.
8. The Custodian will in any event deliver to the Security Trustee not later than the tenth business day of each calendar month a statement or statements, made up as at the close of business on the last business day of the preceding calendar month, of the Charged Portfolio, each component thereof and the aggregate value thereof.
9. If trades of, or any transactions relating to, a component part of the Charged Portfolio are processed by the Custodian on any Business Day, the Custodian shall notify the Security Trustee as soon as possible (and in any event within three Business Days of such day) of the trades and transactions processed.
10. The Custodian acknowledges that the Security Trustee has the right, by delivery of written notice (a "Prohibition Notice") to the Custodian, to prohibit each Chargor from
-114-
effecting any withdrawals, sales, trades, transfers or exchanges of any of the Charged Portfolio and the Custodian agrees that upon delivery of a Prohibition Notice, the Custodian will cease to honor instructions from either of the Chargors with respect to the Charged Portfolio and will comply with any and all written instructions delivered by the Security Trustee to the Custodian and has no obligation to and will not, investigate the reason for any action taken by the Security Trustee, the amount of any obligations of any Chargor to the Security Trustee, the validity of any of the Security Trustee's claims against or agreements with either Chargor, the existence of any defaults under such agreements, or any other matter.
11. The Custodian acknowledges that, unless it receives written instructions from the Security Trustee to the contrary, it shall be entitled to process trades as it may be directed to do so under the terms of its custodial agreement with the [Chargors/each Chargor respectively] only to the extent such trades comprise a disposal to a third party in the market of a component part of the Charged Portfolio and the substitution therefor with the proceeds of such disposition or other securities, save that transfers can be made (a) to the Security Trustee in accordance with the terms of this undertaking or (b) to any person with the Security Trustee's prior written consent or (c) in respect of any part of the Charged Portfolio representing an excess over the Required Value, to the relevant Chargor or as it may direct, which excess will be determined by the Security Trustee and specified in written notice from the Security Trustee to the Custodian on the date of the request from the Chargors.
12. After delivery of a Prohibition Notice, the Custodian shall deliver, transfer or assign to the Security Trustee on the Security Trustee's first written demand securities and monies in the Charged Portfolio as directed by the Security Trustee and all certificates and other instruments evidencing title thereto or necessary or desirable in order for the Security Trustee to acquire good and marketable title thereto. The Security Trustee shall indicate the identity of the securities and monies it wishes to receive and the Custodian shall have no discretion in this matter and shall be fully protected in relying upon any direction received from the Security Trustee.
13. The Custodian agrees that it will not attempt to assert control, and does not claim and will not accept any security or other interest in any part of the Charged Portfolio, and will not exercise, enforce or attempt to enforce any claim, right of set-off, banker's lien, clearing lien, counterclaim or similar right against the Charged Portfolio or any portion thereof, or otherwise charge or deduct from the Charged Portfolio any amount whatsoever, except as provided below. All rights and interests of the Custodian in or towards the Charged Portfolio or any part thereof are and shall be subordinated and postponed to the Security Trustee's rights and interests therein under and pursuant to the Charge Agreement, save that the Custodian shall be entitled to debit any account of the relevant Chargor maintained with the Custodian with any reasonable fees or commissions due and owing by such Chargor to the Custodian in respect of the Charged Portfolio or part thereof or to settle any reasonable bank charges due and owing by such Chargor to the Custodian and incurred in the ordinary course of business for the purchase of securities and/or foreign exchange or contracts for foreign exchange.
-115-
14. Any notice, demand or other communication required to be:
(a) served on us by you hereunder, may be served by letter properly addressed and deposited with a recognised air express courier or transmitted by facsimile if (a) a telephone call is placed to the officer noted for address purposes on page 1 of this Custodian's Undertaking notifying such officer of the facsimile transmission and
(b) the original is properly addressed and mailed. Any notice, demand or other communication shall be deemed to have been served on us on the third business day following if sent by recognised air express courier and when dispatched if sent in accordance with the facsimile procedures;
(b) made by us to you hereunder, may be transmitted by facsimile to the facsimile number and for the attention of the officer noted on page 1 of this Custodian's Undertaking, or to any substitute facsimile number or officer as you may notify to us.
15. The Custodian shall not amend, supplement or otherwise modify its agreements with the Chargors or the Security Trustee governing the establishment and maintenance of the Charged Accounts (including, without limitation the choice of law provision and provisions providing for treatment of property held in any Charged Account as a financial asset) in any respect without the Security Trustee's prior written consent.
16. This agreement shall remain in full force and effect until the Custodian receives written notice of its termination given by the Security Trustee and the Custodian shall not terminate the Charged Accounts, and shall not permit either Chargor to terminate the Charged Accounts, without the Security Trustee's prior written consent.
17. The Custodian hereby acknowledges that in the event any dispute arises between one or both Chargors, on the one hand, and the Security Trustee, on the other hand, with respect to the payment, ownership or right to possession of the Charged Portfolio or any portion thereof, the Custodian shall take such actions and shall refrain from taking such actions with respect thereto as may be directed by the Security Trustee.
18. THE CUSTODIAN AGREES that THIS UNDERTAKING shall be governed under and in accordance with the laws of the State of NEW YORK, without regard to conflict of laws principles AND FURTHER AGREES THAT ALL JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS BROUGHT AGAINST THE CUSTODIAN ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT MAY BE BROUGHT IN THE ENGLISH COURTS OR ANY STATE OR FEDERAL COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION IN THE STATE, COUNTY AND CITY OF NEW YORK. for purposes of this undertaking, the State of New York shall be deemed to be the Custodian's jurisdiction.
19. Save as expressly provided herein, the Custodian shall have no further obligations or liabilities to the Security Trustee in relation to the Charged Portfolio and specifically shall have no liability or responsibility for monitoring or determining the compliance by any party with any other agreement including, without limitation, the Charge Agreement.
-116-

(Authorised Signatory)
for and on behalf of the Custodian
[Date]
-117-
THE SCHEDULE
PART A
The Required Value is at the date hereof:-
US$100 (One hundred United States dollars)
or such other amount as may be agreed between the Security Trustee and the Chargors and notified to the Custodian by the Security Trustee from time to time.
PART B
The initial Security Trustee's Requirements are:-
To the extent of an aggregate amount not less than the Required Value, the Charged Portfolio shall at all times be comprised of the following: (a) cash,
(b) fixed income securities issued by or fully and explicitly guaranteed by the central government of an OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development) country, and (c) fixed income securities issued by US government agencies (whose debt obligations are fully and explicitly guaranteed as to the timely payment of principal and interest by the full faith and credit of the US Government) as used in Appendix A, Section III (C), Category I to Regulation H as promulgated by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the same are either (a) uncertificated and governed by the provisions of 31 C.F.R. Part 357 or such similar provisions of the Code of Federal Regulations, applicable to United States agency securities as are acceptable to the Security Trustee; or (b) certificated.
-118-
 
SCHEDULE 12

                           Form of Substitution Notice

From:   ACE Limited

To:     Citibank International plc

Dated:

Re:     [Applicant 1]
        [Applicant 2]	

Dear Sirs
We refer to the (Pounds)380,000,000 letter of credit agreement originally dated 19 November 1999, (as (a) amended and restated pursuant to the First Restatement Agreement, (b) amended pursuant to the Amendment Agreement, (c) amended and restated pursuant to the Second Restatement Agreement and (d) amended and restated pursuant to the Third Restatement Agreement (the "Agreement")) between, inter alia, ACE Limited (the "Account Party"), the financial institutions named therein as Banks and Citibank International plc as Agent.
Terms defined in the Agreement shall have the same meanings in this Substitution Request.
1. Pursuant to Clause 5 (Substitution of Letters of Credit) of the Agreement, the Account Party, on behalf of [ ] (the "Applicant[s]"), hereby requests that the Banks substitute for the existing Letter[s] of Credit new Letters of Credit, in each case in accordance with the information annexed hereto as Annex A.
2. The Account Party hereby certifies that on the date hereof and on the Substitution Date set forth in Annex A, both before and after giving effect to the substitution requested hereby:
(i) no Event of Default or Potential Event of Default has occurred and is continuing;
(ii) each of the representations and warranties of the Account Party contained in the Agreement and each other Finance Document is correct in all material respects on the date hereof, except representations and warranties which expressly refer to an earlier date in which case the same shall be true on and as of such earlier date;
(iii) after giving effect to the substitution requested hereby, the aggregate Sterling Amount of the Outstandings will not exceed the Total Commitments; and
(iv) the Letter[s] of Credit requested hereby [is/are] being extended solely as security to support the underwriting business of the Applicant[s] at Lloyd's which has been provided in accordance with the requirements of Lloyd's applicable to [it/them].
-119-
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Account Party has caused this Certificate to be executed by its duly authorised officer as of the date and year first written above.
ACE LIMITED
By:___________________________
Name:_________________________
Title:________________________
-120-
Annex A
Letter of Credit Information/4/
1. Name of Beneficiary:_____________________________________
2. Existing Letter of Credit Number:________________________
3. Substitution Date [ ]/5/
4. Amount of new Letter of Credit: (poundS)/US$ /6/

/4/ A separate "Letter of Credit Information" should be completed for each Letter of Credit covered by the Substitution Request.
/5/ The Substitution Date must be a Business Day within the Substitution Period, and be not less than [30] Business Days after the date of the Substitution Request.
/6/ This amount must not exceed the maximum amount available under the existing Letter of Credit to be substituted.
-121-
 
Exhibit 10.64
[LETTERHEAD OF ACE LIMITED]
October 29, 2001
Mr. Evan Greenberg
Dear Evan,
Further to our recent discussions, please now find attached the main elements of compensation relative to our offer of employment to you as Chief Executive Reinsurance Operations and Vice Chairman ACE Limited, subject to the formality of obtaining a Bermuda work permit.
You will in addition, participate in all the benefit plans enjoyed by our senior executive group, which includes an executive medical program as well as financial and tax planning.
For the sake of clarity, I should also point out that ACE is required to deduct Government Payroll Tax on compensation, which, in your case will amount to approximately $10,000. All other local taxes are absorbed by the Company. As you would expect, ACE withholds income tax from US citizens and complies with all US reporting obligations.
Our Long Term Incentive program anticipates annual awards and the level of options follows advice from William Mercer & Co. regarding the Black Scholes value which presently ranges between 40% and 45% of the face value of stock reflecting the historic volatility of the Company's share price.
Evan, I sincerely hope that you will find our offer attractive and feel certain that your capabilities will add significantly to ACE development. I shall really look forward to working with you again in this very dynamic environment.
Yours sincerely,
Brian Duperreault
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

                          CEO, Reinsurance Operations &
                           Vice Chairman, ACE Limited

SALARY                            $800,000 per annum

LIVING ALLOWANCE                  $100,000 per annum

ANNUAL CASH INCENTIVE:            At the discretion of the Board of Directors
                                  based on individual contribution and the
                                  Company's results. It is anticipated that the
                                  range will be between 0 - 150% of annual
                                  cash salary.

CASH INCENTIVE:                   $500,000 to be paid on joining.
(Sign-On)

ANNUAL LONG TERM INCENTIVE:       At the discretion of the Board of Directors
                                  based on individual contribution and the
                                  Company's results. It is anticipated that you
                                  will be eligible for consideration for award
                                  at the end of Financial Year 2002 with a
                                  potential range delivered in combined
                                  restricted stock and options projected to be
                                  up to 250% of base salary.

LONG TERM INCENTIVE:              25,000 Restricted Ordinary ACE Limited Shares
(Sign On)                         to be awarded at the New York Stock Exchange
                                  closing price for ACE Limited Ordinary Shares
                                  on the 1/st/ business trading day of the month
                                  immediately  following your start date. Vest
                                  25% per annum over 4 years provided you are
                                  employed by the Company on each vesting date,
                                  with the first 25% to vest on the first
                                  anniversary date of the grant.
                                  100,000 Options to purchase ordinary ACE
                                  Limited Shares to be awarded at the New York
                                  Stock Exchange closing price for ACE Limited
                                  Ordinary Shares on the 1/st/ business trading
                                  day of the month immediately following your
                                  start date. Vesting 33 1/3% per annum over 3
                                  years provided you are employed on each
                                  vesting date with the first 33 1/3% vesting on
                                  first anniversary date of grant.

Page 2/3	

DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PLAN:       Participation in Company's retirement plan.
                                 Based on cash salary and annual cash incentive
                                 - 6% Company contribution plus up to 6% Company
                                 contribution to match individual contribution
                                 with potential for up to an additional 3%
                                 profit share contribution by the Company.

LIFE ASSURANCE:                  Coverage in accordance with ACE Limited's
                                 current plan
                                 4 x annual salary - subject to medical.

DISABILITY INSURANCE:            Coverage in accordance with ACE Limited's
                                 current plan
                                 60% of salary after six months total disability
                                 - subject to medical.

HEALTH (including DENTAL)        Coverage in accordance with ACE Limited's
& MAJOR MEDICAL INSURANCE:       current plan, subject to six month's exclusion
                                 for any known pre-existing conditions.

HOUSING ALLOWANCE                Reimbursement for cost of renting suitable
                                 accommodation in Bermuda

CAR LOAN:                        Interest free loan for an automobile up to a
                                 maximum amount of $32,000 depreciated over a
                                 six-year period.

CAR ALLOWANCE:                   Reimbursement for expenses of $350 per month
                                 towards the cost of running an automobile e.g.
                                 gas, repairs, license and insurance etc.
                                 (subject to owning a car)

CLUB MEMBERSHIP:                 Club membership of your choice in Bermuda -
                                 initiation and annual dues.

VACATION:                        20 days per calendar year exclusive of public
                                 holidays.	

Page 3/3
 
Exhibit 10.65
[LETTERHEAD OF ACE LIMITED]
FAX: 646 471 5933
Mr. Philip Bancroft
c/o PriceWaterhouseCoopers
New York, NY
U.S.A.
November 2, 2001
Dear Phil,
This letter confirms our recent telephone conversations and our offer of employment to you for the position of Chief Financial Officer, ACE Limited, subject to the formality of obtaining a Bermuda work permit.
The main terms of compensation related to the position are attached but you will participate in all the benefit plans enjoyed by our senior executive group, which includes an executive medical program as well as financial and tax planning.
For the sake of clarity, I should also point out that ACE is required to deduct Government Payroll Tax on compensation, which, in your case will amount to approximately $10,000. All other local taxes are absorbed by the Company. As you would expect, ACE withholds income tax from US citizens and complies with all US reporting obligations.
Phil, I shall look forward to having you join our dynamic team and feel certain you will contribute significantly to ACE's future success.
Please let me have your formal acceptance of our offer when you have finished your discussions with your partners.
Yours sincerely,
Brian Duperreault
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

                             Chief Financial Officer
                                   ACE Limited

SALARY                               $600,000 per annum

ANNUAL CASH INCENTIVE:               At the discretion of the Board of Directors
                                     based on individual contribution and the
                                     Company's results. It is anticipated that
                                     the range will between 0 - 100% of annual
                                     cash salary.

CASH INCENTIVE:                      $600,000 payable after joining in fiscal
(Sign-On)                            year 2002

ANNUAL LONG TERM INCENTIVE:          At the discretion of the Board of Directors
                                     based on individual contribution and the
                                     Company's results. It is anticipated that
                                     you will be eligible for consideration for
                                     award at the end of Financial Year 2002.

LONG TERM INCENTIVE:                 15,000 Restricted Ordinary ACE Limited
(Sign On)                            Shares to be awarded at the New York Stock
                                     Exchange closing price for ACE Limited
                                     Ordinary Shares on the 1/st/ business
                                     trading day of the month immediately
                                     following your start date. Vest 25% per
                                     annum over 4 years provided you are
                                     employed by the Company on each vesting
                                     date, with the first 25% to vest on the
                                     first anniversary date of the grant.
                                     45,000 Options to purchase ordinary ACE
                                     Limited Shares to be awarded at the New
                                     York Stock Exchange closing price for ACE
                                     Limited Ordinary Shares on the 1/st/
                                     business trading day of the month
                                     immediately following your start date.
                                     Vesting 33 1/3% per annum over 3 years
                                     provided you are employed on each vesting
                                     date with the first 33 1/3% vesting on
                                     first anniversary date of grant.

Page 2/3	

DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PLAN:           Participation in Company's retirement plan.
                                     Based on cash salary and annual cash
                                     incentive - 6% Company contribution plus up
                                     to 6% Company contribution to match
                                     individual contribution with potential for
                                     up to an additional 3% profit share
                                     contribution by the Company.

LIFE ASSURANCE:                      Coverage in accordance with ACE Limited's
                                     current plan
                                     4 x annual salary - subject to medical.

DISABILITY INSURANCE:                Coverage in accordance with ACE Limited's
                                     current plan
                                     60% of salary after six months total
                                     disability - subject to medical.

HEALTH (including DENTAL)            Coverage in accordance with ACE Limited's
& MAJOR MEDICAL INSURANCE:           current plan, subject to six month's
                                     exclusion for any known pre-existing
                                     conditions.

HOUSING ALLOWANCE                    Reimbursement for cost of renting suitable
                                     accommodation in Bermuda

CAR LOAN:                            Interest free loan for an automobile up to
                                     a maximum amount of $32,000 depreciated
                                     over a six-year period.

CAR ALLOWANCE:                       Reimbursement for expenses of $350 per
                                     month towards the cost of running an
                                     automobile e.g. gas, repairs, license and
                                     insurance etc. (subject to owning a car)

CLUB MEMBERSHIP:                     Club membership of your choice in Bermuda -
                                     initiation and annual dues.

VACATION:                            20 days per calendar year exclusive of
                                     public holidays.	

Page 3/3
 
Exhibit 10.66
AMENDMENT TO EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT
In consideration of the promises and mutual covenants contained herein and for other good and valuable consideration, ACE Limited (the "Company") and Dominic Frederico (the "Executive") hereby agree to amend the Employment Agreement between them originally entered on January 9, 1995 (the "Agreement") by adding new Sections 10(f) through 10(h) as follows:
10(f) Change in Control and Good Reason Resignation In the event of a Change in Control (as defined below) all stock based awards in which the Executive is not yet vested shall become fully vested except to the extent such vesting would be inconsistent with the terms of the relevant plan. In addition, the Executive may resign for Good Reason (as defined below) at any time during the twelve month period following a Change in Control (as defined below) and receive the same salary continuation, bonus eligibility and benefits as if the Executive were terminated without Cause pursuant to Section 10(d) of this Agreement. A Change in Control shall mean:
(i) An acquisition by any Person (as such term is defined in Section 3(a)
(9) of the Exchange Act and used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) thereof, including a "group" as defined in Section 13(d) thereof) of Beneficial Ownership of the Shares then outstanding (the "Company Shares Outstanding") or the voting securities of the Company then outstanding entitled to vote generally in the election of directors (the "Company Voting Securities Outstanding"), if such acquisition of Beneficial Ownership results in the Person beneficially owning (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act) fifty percent (50%) or more of the Company Shares Outstanding or fifty percent (50%) or more of the combined voting power of the Company Voting Securities Outstanding; excluding, however, any such acquisition by a trustee or other fiduciary holding such Shares under one or more employee benefit plans maintained by the Company or any of its subsidiaries; or
(ii) The approval of the shareholders of the Company of a reorganization, merger, consolidation, complete liquidation, or dissolution of the Company, the sale or disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company or any similar corporate transaction (in each case referred to in this Section 3(e) as a "Corporate Transaction"), other than a Corporate Transaction that would result in the outstanding common stock of the Company immediately prior thereto continuing to represent (either by remaining outstanding or by being converted into common stock of the surviving entity or a parent or affiliate thereof) at least fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding common stock of the Company or such surviving entity or parent or affiliate thereof immediately after such Corporate Transaction; provided, however, if the consummation of such Corporate Transaction is subject, at the time of such approval by shareholders, to the consent of any government or governmental agency, the Change in Control shall not occur until the obtaining of such consent (either explicitly or implicitly); or
(iii) A change in the composition of the Board such that the individuals who, as of the Effective Date, constitute the Board (such Board shall be hereinafter referred to as the "Incumbent Board") cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the Board; provided, however, for purposes of this Section 3(e) that any individual who becomes a member of the Board subsequent to the Effective Date whose election, or nomination for election by the Company's shareholders, was approved by a vote of at least a majority of those individuals who are members of the Board and who were also members of the
Incumbent Board (or deemed to be such pursuant to this proviso) shall be considered as though such individual were a member of the Incumbent Board; but, provided, further, that any such individual whose initial assumption of office occurs as a result of either an actual or threatened election contest (as such terms are used in Rule 14a-11 of Regulation 14A promulgated under the Exchange Act, including any successor to such Rule), or other actual or threatened solicitation of proxies or consents by or on behalf of a Person other than the Board, shall not be so considered as a member of the Incumbent Board.
Good Reason resignation shall mean termination of employment that is voluntary on the part of the Executive but is due to:
(i) a significant reduction of the Executive's responsibilities, title or status resulting from a formal change in such title or status, or from the assignment to the Executive of any duties inconsistent with his title, duties, or responsibilities;
(ii) a reduction in the Executive's compensation or benefits.
10(g) Resignation upon Termination At the time of termination of employment for any reason, the Executive agrees at the request of the Company to resign from any position he holds as a Director (or other similar position) of the Company and any Affiliates, unless other explicit arrangements are agreed upon between the Executive and the Company.
10(h) Other Severance Arrangements Except as may be otherwise specifically provided in an amendment of this Section 10 as may in the future be adopted by the Parties in writing, the Executive's rights under this Section 10 shall be in lieu of any benefits that may be otherwise payable to or on behalf of the Executive pursuant to the terms of any severance pay arrangement of the company or any Affiliates or any other, similar arrangement of the company or any Affiliates providing benefits upon involuntary termination of employment.
All of the other provisions of the Agreement shall remain in full force and effect as originally agreed and entered on January 9, 1995.
In witness whereof, the undersigned have executed this amendment this 25/th/ day of February 2003.

ACE Limited                                      The Executive

By:  _____________________                       ____________________________
                                                 Dominic Frederico
Its: _____________________	

Exhibit 13.1
ACE LIMITED SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

                                                                                              For the three        For the
                                                   For the years ended December 31,            months ended     year ended
(in thousands of U.S. dollars, except     --------------------------------------------------   December 31,  September 30,
share, per share data and selected data)         2002         2001         2000         1999           1998           1998
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OPERATIONS DATA:
Net premiums earned
Property and casualty premiums            $ 6,672,227  $ 5,510,897  $ 4,534,763  $ 2,485,737  $     218,007  $     894,303
Life and annuity premiums                     158,277      406,280            -            -              -              -
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                            6,830,504    5,917,177    4,534,763    2,485,737        218,007        894,303
Net investment income                         802,141      785,869      770,855      493,337         85,095        324,254
Other income (expense)                        (20,552)         452        2,942            -              -              -
Net realized gains (losses) on
 investments                                 (489,089)     (58,359)     (38,961)      37,916        130,154        188,385
Losses and loss expenses                    4,906,510    4,552,456    2,936,065    1,639,543        111,169        516,892
Life and annuity benefits                     158,118      401,229            -            -              -              -
Policy acquisition costs and
 administrative expenses                    1,904,021    1,615,119    1,396,374      833,312         69,030        271,566
Interest expense                              193,494      199,182      221,450      105,138          4,741         25,459
Income tax expense (benefit)                 (115,688)     (78,674)      93,908       28,684          5,342         20,040
Amortization of goodwill                            -       79,571       78,820       45,350          4,435         12,834
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Income (loss) before cumulative
 effect of adopting a new
 accounting standard                           76,549     (123,744)     542,982      364,963        238,539        560,151
Cumulative effect of adopting
 a new accounting standard
 (net of income tax)                                -      (22,670)           -            -              -              -
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income (loss)                              76,549     (146,414)     542,982      364,963        238,539        560,151
Dividends on Mezzanine equity                 (25,662)     (25,594)     (18,391)           -              -              -
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income (loss) available to
 holders of Ordinary Shares               $    50,887  $  (172,008) $   524,591  $   364,963  $     238,539  $     560,151
==========================================================================================================================
Diluted earnings (loss) per share
 before cumulative effect of
 adopting a new accounting
 standard                                 $      0.19  $     (0.64) $      2.31  $      1.85  $        1.21  $        2.96
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Diluted earnings (loss) per share/(1)/    $      0.19  $     (0.74) $      2.31  $      1.85  $        1.21  $        2.96
==========================================================================================================================	

/(1)/ Diluted earnings (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net income
(loss) available to holders of Ordinary Shares by weighted average shares outstanding - diluted.
2

                                                                                                      For the three        For the
                                                      For the years ended December 31,                 months ended     year ended
(in thousands of U.S. dollars, except    ----------------------------------------------------------    December 31,  September 30,
share, per share data and selected data)          2002           2001           2000           1999            1998           1998
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BALANCE SHEET DATA
 (at end of period)
Total investments and cash               $  18,323,908  $  15,935,913  $  13,762,324  $  12,875,535  $    6,214,900  $   6,201,074
Total assets                                43,450,937     37,186,764     31,689,526     30,122,888       8,834,305      8,788,753
Net unpaid losses and loss expenses         11,318,018     10,339,014      9,330,950      8,908,817       2,577,805      2,678,341
Net future policy benefits for life
 and annuity contracts                         433,418        377,395              -              -               -              -
Long-term debt                               1,748,937      1,349,473      1,424,228      1,424,228         250,000              -
Trust preferred securities                     475,000        875,000        875,000        575,000               -              -
Total liabilities                           36,751,201     30,769,007     25,958,265     25,672,328       4,924,728      5,074,483
Mezzanine equity                               311,050        311,050        311,050              -               -              -
Shareholders' equity                         6,388,686      6,106,707      5,420,211      4,450,560       3,909,577      3,714,270
Diluted book value per share             $       24.16  $       23.59  $       23.25  $       20.28  $        20.19  $       19.14

SELECTED DATA
Loss and loss expense ratio /(2)/                 73.5%          82.6%          64.7%          66.0%           51.0%          57.8%
Underwriting and administrative
 expense ratio /(3)/                              28.2%          29.0%          30.8%          33.5%           31.7%          30.4%
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Combined ratio /(4)/                             101.7%         111.6%          95.5%          99.5%           82.7%          88.2%
==================================================================================================================================
Net loss reserves to capital and
 surplus ratio /(5)/                             183.9%         175.5%         172.2%         200.2%           65.9%          72.1%

Weighted average shares
 outstanding - diluted                     269,870,023    233,799,588    227,418,430    197,626,354     197,349,356    189,281,175
Cash dividends per share                 $        0.66  $        0.58  $        0.50  $        0.42  $         0.09  $        0.34
==================================================================================================================================	

/(2)/ The loss and loss expense ratio is calculated by dividing the losses and loss expenses by property and casualty net premiums earned. /(3)/ The underwriting and administrative expense ratio is calculated by dividing the policy acquisition costs and administrative expenses by property and casualty net premiums earned.
/(4)/ The combined ratio is the sum of the loss and loss expense ratio and the underwriting and administrative expense ratio.
/(5)/ The net loss reserves to capital and surplus ratio is calculated by dividing the sum of the net unpaid losses and loss expenses and net future policy benefits for life and annuity contracts by shareholders' equity.
The above table sets forth selected consolidated financial data of the Company as of and for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001, 2000 and 1999, the three months ended December 31, 1998, and for the year ended September 30, 1998. These selected financial and other data should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes and with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations", presented on pages 58 to 110 and 19 to 57 respectively, of this annual report. On July 2, 1999, the Company changed its fiscal year end from September 30 to December 31. This change was implemented retroactively to December 31, 1998, so that the 1999 fiscal year is for the twelve-month period ended December 31, 1999. In 1999 the Company, through a U.S. holding company, ACE INA, acquired CIGNA Corporation's domestic property and casualty insurance operations including its run-off business, and also its international property and casualty insurance companies and branches, including most of the accident and health business written through those companies.
3
Item 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is a discussion of ACE's results of operations, financial condition and liquidity and capital resources. This discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements, and related notes, presented on pages 58 to 110 of this annual report.
SAFE HARBOR DISCLOSURE
The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a "safe harbor" for forward-looking statements. Any written or oral statements made by or on our behalf may include forward-looking statements which reflect our current views with respect to future events and financial performance. These forward-looking statements are subject to certain uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from such statements. These uncertainties and other factors (which are described in more detail elsewhere herein and in other documents we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC")) include, but are not limited to:
. global political conditions, the occurrence of any terrorist attacks, including any nuclear, biological or chemical events, or the outbreak and effects of war, and possible business disruption or economic contraction that may result from such events;
. the effects of public company bankruptcies and/or accounting restatements, as well as disclosures by and investigations of public companies relating to possible accounting irregularities, and other corporate governance issues, including the effects of such events on:
. the capital markets;
. the markets for directors and officers and errors and omissions insurance; and
. claims and litigation arising out of such disclosures or practices by other companies;
. the ability to collect reinsurance recoverable, credit developments of reinsurers and any delays with respect thereto;
. the occurrence of catastrophic events or other insured or reinsured events with a frequency or severity exceeding our estimates;
. actual loss experience from insured or reinsured events;
. the uncertainties of the loss reserving and claims settlement processes, including the difficulties associated with assessing environmental damage and asbestos-related latent injuries, the impact of aggregate policy coverage limits and the impact of bankruptcy protection sought by various asbestos producers and other related businesses;
. judicial decisions and rulings, new theories of liability and legal tactics;
. the impact of the September 11 tragedy and its aftermath on our insureds and reinsureds, on the insurance and reinsurance industry, and on the economy in general;
. uncertainties relating to governmental, legislative and regulatory policies, developments and treaties, which, among other things, could subject us to insurance regulation or taxation in additional jurisdictions or affect our current operations;
. the actual amount of new and renewal business, market acceptance of our products, and risks associated with the introduction of new products and services and entering new markets;
. the competitive environment in which we operate, including trends in pricing or in policy terms and conditions, which may differ from our projections;
. actions that rating agencies may take from time to time, such as changes in our claims-paying, financial strength or credit ratings;
. developments in global financial markets, including changes in interest rates, stock markets and other financial markets, and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, which could affect our investment portfolio and financing plans;
. changing rates of inflation and other economic conditions;
. the amount of dividends received from subsidiaries;
. loss of the services of any of our executive officers without suitable replacements being recruited in a reasonable time frame;
. the ability of technology to perform as anticipated; and
. management's response to these factors.
19
The words "believe", "anticipate", "estimate", "project", "should", "plan", "expect", "intend", "hope", "will likely result" or "will continue", and variations thereof and similar expressions, identify forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of their dates. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
REPORTING SEGMENTS
In 2002, following changes in executive management responsibilities, we reassessed and changed our reporting segments from individual operating units to lines of business. We now operate through four business segments: Insurance - North American, Insurance - Overseas General, Global Reinsurance and Financial Services. We believe that these segments better represent the way we manage our operations and measure our performance. Insurance - North American includes the operations of ACE USA, ACE Bermuda and ACE Canada, excluding the financial solutions business in both the U.S. and Bermuda, which are included in the Financial Services segment. Insurance - Overseas General includes the operations of ACE International, including ACE Europe, ACE Asia Pacific, ACE Far East and ACE Latin America, and the insurance operations of ACE Global Markets. The Global Reinsurance segment comprises ACE Tempest Re Bermuda, ACE Tempest Re USA, ACE Tempest Re Europe and our life reinsurance operation which is discussed separately. The Financial Services segment includes the financial guaranty business of ACE Guaranty Corp. and ACE Capital Re International and the financial solutions business in the U.S. and Bermuda.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Our consolidated financial statements include amounts that, either by their nature or due to requirements of accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. ("GAAP"), are determined using best estimates and assumptions to determine the reported values. While we believe that the amounts included in our consolidated financial statements reflect our best estimates and assumptions, these amounts could ultimately be materially different from the amounts currently provided for in our consolidated financial statements. We believe the items requiring the most inherently subjective and complex estimates to be:
. unpaid losses and loss expense reserves, including asbestos reserves;
. reinsurance recoverable, including our bad debt provision;
. impairments to the fair value of our investment portfolio;
. the fair value of certain derivatives; and
. the valuation of goodwill.
As such, we deem our accounting policies for these amounts to be of critical importance to our consolidated financial statements. The following discussion provides more information regarding the estimates and assumptions required to arrive at these amounts and should be read in conjunction with the sections entitled: Property and Casualty Loss Reserves, Asbestos and Environmental Claims, Reinsurance, Investments and Cash, Net Realized Gains (Losses) on Investments and Other Income and Expense Items.
UNPAID LOSSES AND LOSS EXPENSES
As an insurance and reinsurance company we are required, under GAAP, to establish loss reserves for the estimated unpaid portion of the ultimate liability for loss and loss expenses under the terms of our policies and agreements with our insured and reinsured customers. These reserves include estimates for both claims that have been reported and those that have been incurred but not reported ("IBNR"), and include estimates of expenses associated with processing and settling these claims. At December 31, 2002, the unpaid loss and loss expense reserve was $24.3 billion. We use reserving methods based on historical experience, claims reviews, negotiations with insureds, current developments and laws. The process of establishing reserves for property and casualty ("P&C") claims can be complex and imprecise as it requires the use of informed estimates and judgments. These estimates and judgments are based on numerous factors, and may be revised as additional experience and other data become available and are reviewed, as new or improved methodologies are developed or as current laws change. We have actuarial staff in each of our operating segments who track insurance reserves and regularly evaluate the levels of loss reserves, taking into consideration factors that may impact the ultimate loss reserves. Any adjustments to previously established reserves,
20
resulting from a change in estimate, would be reflected in our results of operations in the period in which we make the change in estimate. As part of our evaluation process of loss reserves, we annually engage independent actuarial firms to review the methods and assumptions we use in estimating loss and loss expense reserves. These annual reviews cover different portions of our operating businesses on a rotating basis within each year and are an independent check on our loss reserves. The potential for variation in loss reserves is impacted by numerous factors, which we explain in some detail below.
We are required to set loss reserves for all business we write. In most cases, we do not have all the necessary information to adequately settle a claim at the time we are required to accrue for the loss. As a result, historical experience and other statistical information are used to estimate the ultimate cost of the loss, depending on the type of business.
Short-tail business describes lines of business where losses are usually known and paid shortly after the loss actually occurs. This would include, for example, most property, aviation and automobile policies that are written. Typically, there is less variability in these lines of business.
Long-tail business describes lines of business where specific losses may not be known for some period and losses take much longer to emerge. This includes most casualty lines such as general liability, directors and officers liability ("D&O"), warranty and workers' compensation. Because the loss settlement period can be many years in duration (in some cases, claims take 30-40 years to settle), these lines of business generally have more variability in their loss reserves. As new information evolves, a company may be required to increase or lower existing reserve levels.
The estimation of unpaid loss and loss expense reserves can also be affected by the layer at which a particular contract or set of contracts is written. In the case of direct insurance, where the insurer is taking on risk in the lower value end of the particular contract, the experience will tend to be more frequency driven. These lines of business allow for more traditional actuarial methods to be used in determining loss reserve levels, as it is customary to have more historical experience to rely upon. In the case of excess of loss contracts, the experience will tend to be more of a severity nature, as only a significant loss will enter the layer. Consequently, traditional actuarial methods for setting loss reserves (such as loss development triangles), have to be tempered with an analysis of each contract's terms, original pricing information, subsequent internal and external analyses of the ongoing contracts, market exposures and history and qualitative input from claims managers.
Included in our liabilities for losses and loss expenses are liabilities for asbestos, environmental and latent injury damage claims and expenses ("A&E"). These claims are principally related to claims arising from remediation costs associated with hazardous waste sites and bodily-injury claims related to asbestos products and environmental hazards. These amounts include provision for both reported and IBNR claims.
In establishing reserves for periods prior to the fourth quarter of 2002, we assumed that significant additional state judicial or legislative reform would substantially eliminate payments to future claimants who are not physically impaired. In January 2003, we announced additions to our fourth quarter 2002 A&E reserves based on the more conservative assumption that there will be no future state or federal asbestos reform. Therefore, our asbestos reserves do not reflect any anticipated changes in the legal, social or economic environment, or any benefit from future legislative reforms. The vast majority of our reserve increase in the fourth quarter of 2002 is due to the strengthening of the IBNR provision for peripheral defendants and future increases in severity.
We believe the most significant variables relating to our A&E reserves include assumptions with respect to payments to unimpaired claimants and the liability of peripheral defendants. In establishing our A&E reserves, we consider multiple recoveries by claimants against various defendants; the ability of a claimant to bring a claim in a state in which they have no residency or exposure; the ability of a policyholder to claim the right to non-products coverage; and whether high level excess policies have the potential to be accessed given the policyholders claim trends and liability situation. The results in other asbestos cases announced by other carriers may very well have little or no relevance to us because other coverage exposures are highly dependent upon the specific facts of individual coverage and resolution status of disputes among carrier, policyholder and claimants.
21
Based on the policies, the facts, the law and a careful analysis of the impact that these risk factors will likely have on any given account, we estimate the potential liability for indemnity, policyholder defense costs and coverage litigation expense. There are many complex variables that we consider when estimating the reserves for our inventory of asbestos accounts. The variables involved may directly impact the predicted outcome. Sometimes, the outcomes change significantly based on a small change in one risk factor related to just one account.
For our financial guaranty business, the underwriting process is based on multiple levels of credit review, actuarial analysis, stress-based modeling and legal reviews. As these contracts are typically multi-year (generally 7 to 12 years in duration), the underwriting process is critical and the reviews noted above continue for the duration of the contract. When a loss occurs, it is generally not difficult to estimate losses in the financial guaranty business. Losses are a function of debt service schedules in the case of insured bonds and in the case of credit default swaps, losses are a function of the value of the underlying instrument (typically a bond). Predicting financial guaranty losses, however, is more difficult because of the lack of historical loss experience in this line of business. Traditional property casualty actuarial methods are generally not used since these methods are dependent on more homogeneous, historical loss experience as predictors of future losses. For financial guaranty reserves, we use historic bond default rates as a proxy for estimating future losses.
With respect to our financial solutions business, each contract we write is relatively large and unique, so each contract is reviewed and assessed individually. Most contracts are multi-year in nature. As with our financial guaranty business, traditional actuarial methods such as analysing and extrapolating historical loss experience are not considered appropriate for financial solutions business because of the relatively small number of large contracts. Our loss estimates are based on contract terms (such as a requirement to pay profit commissions), original pricing information, analysis and comparison with external data and experience to date on the contract.
While reserving for claims is inherently uncertain, we believe that our net loss and loss expense reserves are adequate. Our reserve review process involves a continual evaluation of cases taking into account all currently known information as well as reasonable assumptions related to unknown information. When facts and circumstance change, including the impact of the risk factors, changes are made to reflect overall reserve adequacy. It is possible that adverse developments could cause us to re-evaluate our assumptions. This could lead us to further increase our loss and loss expense reserves, which could have a material adverse effect on our future operating results.
REINSURANCE RECOVERABLE
One of the ways we manage our loss exposure is through the use of reinsurance. While reinsurance agreements are designed to limit our losses from large exposures and to permit recovery of a portion of direct unpaid losses, reinsurance does not relieve us of our liability to our insureds. Accordingly, our loss and loss expense reserves on our balance sheets represents our total unpaid gross losses, and reinsurance recoverable on our balance sheets represents anticipated recoveries of a portion of those gross unpaid losses as well as amounts recoverable from reinsurers with respect to claims which we have already paid. At December 31, 2002, our reinsurance recoverable balance was $14.0 billion, which includes a bad debt reserve of $939 million, representing 6.3 percent of the amount. Of the total reinsurance recoverable balance, only $1.4 billion is actually due for collection at December 31, 2002, as we only collect from our reinsurers after we have made the claim payment. Although the contractual obligation of individual reinsurers to pay their reinsurance obligations is based on specific contract provisions, the collectibility of such amounts requires significant estimation by management. The majority of the balance we have accrued as recoverable will not be due for collection until sometime in the future (in some cases up to 30 - 40 years from now). Over this period of time, economic conditions and operational performance of a particular reinsurer may impact their ability to meet these obligations and while they may continue to acknowledge their contractual obligation to do so, they may not have the financial resources to fully meet their obligation to us.
22
When we accrue a reinsurance recoverable and any related bad debt provision, we make assumptions about the financial condition of our reinsurers by applying historical loss experience to credit categories, as well as assessing disputes under reinsurance contracts based on historical experience and current knowledge. We evaluate the financial condition of our reinsurers on a regular basis and also monitor concentrations of credit risk. For certain reinsurance receivables, we require collateral, such as assets held in trust or letters of credit. Additionally, for specific items in dispute, we make judgments based on knowledge and experience with a particular reinsurer. To assist in this complex process, we have an internal "Security Committee", consisting of senior executive officers, that regularly reviews the financial condition of reinsurers and maintains our list of approved reinsurers. Reinsurers not on the list are considered on a case by case basis.
We group our reinsurance recoverable into categories, as the nature of the reinsurance recoverable is an important consideration when establishing a bad debt provision. These categories, including the amount of each, are shown in the reinsurance section. We establish our bad debt provision for these categories based on a case by case analysis of individual situations, including credit and collateral analysis and consideration of our collection experience in similar situations. Our bad debt provision assumes a certain level of bad debt for all categories of reinsurance recoverable. If our assumptions regarding our reinsurers' financial condition, willingness to pay amounts recoverable or historical experience prove to be incorrect, our bad debt provision may be understated. This would cause us to increase our bad debt provision, resulting in a charge to earnings in the period recorded. Accordingly, this could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and liquidity. Additional information on reinsurance can be found in the section entitled "Reinsurance".
INVESTMENTS
We record all investments in our portfolio at fair value, being the quoted market price of these securities provided by either independent pricing services, or when such prices are not available, by reference to broker or underwriter bid indications. We regularly review our investments for possible impairment. Our reviews depend on significant management judgment based on several criteria including economic conditions, credit loss experience and other issuer-specific developments. If there is a decline in a security's net realizable value, we must determine whether that decline is temporary or "other than temporary". If we believe a decline in the value of a particular investment is temporary, we record the decline as an unrealized loss in our shareholders' equity. If we believe the decline is "other than temporary", we write down the carrying value of the investment and record a realized loss in our statement of operations. The decision to recognize a decline in the value of a security carried at fair value as "other than temporary" rather than temporary has no impact on our book value. More information regarding our process for reviewing our portfolio for possible impairments can be found in the section entitled "Net Realized Gains (Losses) on Investments".
DERIVATIVES
We adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("FAS") No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities" ("FAS 133"), as of January 1, 2001. FAS 133 establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts, and for hedging activities. FAS 133 requires that all derivatives be recognized as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet and be measured at fair value. We maintain investments in derivative instruments such as futures, options, interest rate swaps and foreign currency forward contracts primarily to manage duration and foreign currency exposure, enhance our portfolio yield or obtain an exposure to a particular financial market. These derivatives are either closed out or fair valued using market quotes or valuations provided to us by third party investment managers using market data. The total fair value related to these instruments at December 31, 2002, was $46 million and is included as a liability in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities.
Certain products (principally credit protection oriented) issued by the Financial Services segment have been determined to meet the definition of a derivative under FAS 133. These products consist primarily of credit default swaps, index-based instruments and certain financial guarantee coverages. We consider these instruments part of our financial guarantee business as we intend to hold them to maturity and therefore, we would only pay out under these contracts if there is a credit event in respect of a specific corporate entity or a bond or loan issued by the entity identified in a contract. We establish loss reserves
23
for the estimated unpaid losses based on our credit default swap policies and agreements in force. Net premiums earned relating to these products for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001 were $145 million and $52 million, respectively, with incurred losses of $148 million and $39 million, respectively.
With effect from January 1, 2001, we are required to record credit default swaps at their fair value. The fair value of these instruments is dependent on a number of factors including credit spreads, changes in interest rates and the credit quality of individual entities. To determine fair value, we may use information from four different sources depending on the type of credit default swap business written. The main sources are third party market pricing, counterparty market pricing and rating agency models. In very limited circumstances, where this information is not available or considered reliable, we may extrapolate market adjustments to estimate fair value. For single name credit default swaps, the majority are valued using the third party market pricing (about 70 percent) and the remainder using counterparty market pricing. For collateralized debt obligations ("CDOs"), which are a group of individual credits packaged together and sold, we typically use a rating agency model specifically designed to evaluate these instruments.
VALUATION OF GOODWILL
Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of acquisitions over the tangible net assets acquired. At December 31, 2002, the balance in our financial statements was $2.7 billion. In June 2001, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued FAS 142, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets", which primarily addresses the accounting for goodwill and intangible assets subsequent to their acquisition. Prior to our adoption of FAS 142, we amortized goodwill to income on a straight-line basis over a period of 25 to 40 years. Under FAS 142, goodwill is no longer amortized to income but instead, is subject to impairment tests, with an initial test required by June 30, 2002. As required, we adopted FAS 142 on January 1, 2002 and ceased amortizing goodwill at that time. As part of adopting FAS 142, we assigned all goodwill recognized in our consolidated balance sheet at January 1, 2002 to one or more of our reporting units and carried out the transitional impairment test of goodwill and determined that there was no impairment in goodwill. In our impairment tests, we must assess whether the current fair value of our operating units is at least equal to the fair value used in the determination of goodwill. In doing this, we make assumptions and estimates about profitability attributable to our operating segments, as this is important in assessing whether an impairment has occurred. As part of our ongoing management assessments, we regularly analyze our operating companies in an effort to maximize future cash flows and profitability. If, in the future, our assumptions and estimates made in assessing the carrying value of goodwill prove to be incorrect, goodwill carried on our balance sheet could be materially overstated. This would cause us to write-down the carrying value of goodwill, resulting in a charge to earnings in the period recorded. Accordingly, this could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.
SEPTEMBER 11, 2001
The terrorist attack on September 11, 2001 ("the September 11 tragedy") resulted in the largest insured loss in history. We continue to evaluate our total potential liability based upon individual insurance and reinsurance policy language, legal and factual developments in underlying matters involving our insureds and legislative developments in the U.S. involving the terrorist attack. If our current assessments of future developments are proved wrong, the financial impact of any of them, singularly or in the aggregate, could be material. For example, business interruption insurance claims could materialize in the future with greater frequency than we have anticipated or provided for in our estimates, or insureds that we expect will not be held responsible for injuries resulting from the attack are ultimately found to be responsible at a financial level that impacts our insurance or reinsurance policies. The table below shows the impact of the September 11 tragedy on each of our business segments for the year ended December 31, 2001. Our estimate for the September 11 tragedy claims remains substantially unchanged from 2001 and we believe that our estimate is reasonable and accurate based on information currently available.
24

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IMPACT OF SEPTEMBER 11, 2001 TRAGEDY
Year ended December 31, 2001
                                           Insurance-      Insurance-
                                                North        Overseas         Global       Financial            ACE
(in millions of U.S. dollars)                American         General    Reinsurance        Services   Consolidated
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OPERATIONS DATA
Gross premiums written                    $         -  $          (20)  $          -  $          142   $        122
Net premiums written                              (22)            (46)           (23)            142             51
Net premiums earned                               (22)            (46)           (22)            104             14
Losses and loss expenses                          119              67            213             251            650
Policy acquisition costs                            -               -              1               -              1
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Underwriting income                              (141)           (113)          (236)           (147)          (637)
Income tax benefit                                (16)            (27)           (35)              -            (78)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net loss                                  $      (125) $          (86)  $       (201) $         (147)  $       (559)
===================================================================================================================	

In February 2002, ACE announced that one of its Bermuda subsidiaries, ACE Bermuda, agreed to settle its property insurance claim with Silverstein Properties, Inc. ("Silverstein"), arising from the World Trade Center disaster. The settlement is based upon a single occurrence and comprised payment of only one policy limit. ACE Bermuda and Silverstein have agreed to dismiss all litigation and arbitration pending between them. The settlement amount is within the reserve previously established for this event and does not affect the remaining group reserves for other claims arising from the September 11 tragedy.
Our exposure to the tragedy is derived from losses incurred by our insured and reinsured clients. Gross insured claims incurred by us with respect to the tragedy are covered by significant amounts of reinsurance from high quality reinsurers. In order to identify policies which may have been affected by the September 11 tragedy, we conducted a review of our insurance and reinsurance portfolios on a policy by policy basis, which included first-party, third-party, reinsurance, retrocessional, financial guaranty and life reinsurance exposures. Net losses and loss expenses of $650 million resulted from estimated gross losses and loss expenses of approximately $1.8 billion, net of estimated reinsurance recoveries of approximately $1.2 billion. As at December 31, 2002, we have paid $711 million of losses and have collected $468 million of the $512 million recoverable from reinsurers.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS - YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2002, 2001 AND 2000
The discussions that follow include tables, which show our consolidated and segment operating results for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000. In presenting our operating results, we have included and discussed certain non-GAAP measures. These non-GAAP measures, which may be defined differently by other companies, are important to an understanding of our overall results of operations; however, they should not be viewed as a substitute for measures determined in accordance with GAAP.
Underwriting income (loss) is a common performance measurement in the insurance industry, representing net premiums earned less losses and loss expenses, life and annuity benefits, policy acquisition costs and administrative expenses. Net operating income (loss) is another common perfomance measurement and is defined as net income (loss) excluding net realized gains (losses) on investments, debt prepayment expense, non-recurring expenses, and, in 2001, the cumulative effect of adopting FAS 133. Additionally, these items are shown net of income tax. We believe this presentation of net operating income (loss) enhances the understanding of our results of operations by highlighting the underlying profitability of our insurance business. We exclude net realized gains (losses) on investments from net operating income (loss) because the amount of these gains (losses) is heavily influenced by, and fluctuates in part according to, the availability of market opportunities. Debt prepayment expense and non-recurring expenses are excluded from our calculation of net operating income (loss) because we believe these amounts are largely independent of our business and including them would distort the analysis of trends. Net operating income (loss) should not be viewed as a substitute for net income determined in accordance with GAAP.
25
 
CONSOLIDATING OPERATING RESULTS

                                                                                                2002 vs.     2001 vs.
(in millions of U.S. dollars)                             2002          2001          2000          2001         2000
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross premiums written                              $   12,819    $   10,165    $    7,586            26%          34%
Net premiums written                                     8,068         6,363         4,879            27           30

Net premiums earned                                      6,830         5,916         4,534            15           30
Losses and loss expenses                                 4,906         4,552         2,936             8           55
Life and annuity benefits                                  158           401             -           (61)          NM
Policy acquisition costs                                   960           785           651            22           21
Administrative expenses                                    944           823           745            15           10
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Underwriting income (loss)                          $     (138)   $     (645)   $      202
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net investment income                                      802           785           771
Other income                                                 5             1             3
Interest expense                                           193           199           221
Income tax expense (benefit)                               (35)          (68)           94
Amortization of goodwill                                     -            79            79
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net operating income (loss)                         $      511    $      (69)   $      582
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Debt prepayment expense*                                   (17)            -             -
Net realized losses on investments*                       (417)          (50)          (39)
Non-recurring expenses*                                      -            (4)            -
Cumulative effect of adopting
   a new accounting standard*                                -           (23)            -
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income (loss)                                   $       77    $     (146)   $      543
=====================================================================================================================
Loss and loss expense ratio before
 A&E (2002) and WTC (2001)**/(1)/                         65.8%         71.0%         64.7%
Impact of A&E (2002) and WTC (2001)                        7.7%         11.6%            -
Total loss and loss expense ratio/(1)/                    73.5%         82.6%         64.7%
Underwriting and administrative expense ratio/(1)/        28.2%         29.0%         30.8%
Combined ratio/(1)/                                      101.7%        111.6%         95.5%
=====================================================================================================================	

* Net of income tax ** Excludes impact of asbestos and environmental reserve strengthening in 2002 and September 11 tragedy in 2001 /(1)/ Ratios exclude life reinsurance business NM - not meaningful
Gross premiums written increased by 26 percent in 2002 compared with 2001 and net premiums written, which reflect the premiums we retain after purchasing reinsurance protection, increased by 27 percent. Net premiums earned, which reflect the portion of net premiums written recorded as revenues for the period, increased by 15 percent in 2002 compared with 2001. These increases are discussed in each segment section below. The large increases are due to a combination of price increases on renewal business and growth in new business opportunities. Recently, we have noticed that property rate increases have begun to stabilize while casualty lines, despite facing increased competition from new entrants to the insurance market, are currently experiencing accelerating rate increases that we expect to continue into the first half of 2003. Gross premiums written increased by 34 percent to $10.2 billion in 2001 compared with $7.6 billion in 2000. This significant increase was due to new business opportunities and price increases in 2001, increased LPT business and the start up of the life reinsurance operation.
26
In 2002, our Financial Services segment wrote several large contracts, including large retroactive contracts in the form of loss portfolio transfer contracts ("LPTs") totaling $311 million in gross premiums written. LPTs generated gross premiums written of $642 million and $362 million in 2001 and 2000, respectively. When LPT contracts are written in a period, they can cause variations in premium volume compared with other periods, particularly in net premiums earned as the entire written premium is fully earned in the period it is written. LPTs are discussed in more detail in the Financial Services segment.
The underwriting results of P&C business are discussed by reference to the combined ratio, the loss and loss expense ratio and the underwriting and administrative expense ratio. We calculate these ratios by dividing the relevant expense amounts by net premiums earned. The combined ratio is the sum of the loss and loss expense ratio and the underwriting and administrative expense ratio. A combined ratio under 100 percent indicates underwriting income and a combined ratio exceeding 100 percent indicates underwriting losses.
Our loss and loss expense ratio was 73.5 percent in 2002 compared with 82.6 percent in 2001 and 64.7 percent in 2000. As discussed later in this report, our results for the year ended December 31, 2002, were impacted by the increase to our reserve for A&E exposure, which resulted in a net increase in our loss and loss expenses of $516 million and added 7.7 percentage points to our loss and loss expense ratio. Our share of losses in connection with the September 11 tragedy amounted to $650 million and added 11.6 percentage points to our loss and loss expense ratio in 2001. Excluding the A&E reserve strengthening and the September 11 tragedy, our loss and loss expense ratio declined by 5.2 percentage points in the current year, which is a result of the combined effect of higher net premiums earned in 2002 and the $170 million recorded in 2001 to strengthen loss reserves. This ratio is also influenced by changes in the mix of business written, particularly in the Financial Services segment where LPTs can cause variations in the loss and loss expense ratio. Excluding the Financial Services segment, our loss and loss expense ratio would have been 71.4 percent in 2002, 77.3 percent in 2001 and 59.9 percent in 2000. LPTs are typically recorded at higher loss ratios than our other lines of business. More information regarding LPTs is provided in the Financial Services segment discussion.
Underwriting and administrative expenses comprise policy acquisition costs, which include commissions, premium taxes, underwriting and other costs that vary with, and are primarily related to, the production of premium and administrative expenses which include all other operating costs. The underwriting and administrative expense ratio has improved to 28.2 percent in 2002 from 29.0 percent in 2001 and 30.8 percent in 2000. The main reason for the decline is the continued increase in net premiums earned in recent years. However, this ratio is also influenced by changes in the mix of business written and, as described further in the segment discussions, certain of our segments have experienced shifts towards lower-commission business. Excluding the Financial Services segment, our underwriting and administrative expense ratios would have been 31.6 percent in 2002, compared with 36.4 percent in 2001 and 34.3 percent in 2000.
As discussed later in this report, net investment income increased by two percent in 2002 compared with 2001. We adopted FAS 142 on January 1, 2002, and accordingly have not amortized any goodwill in 2002, compared with $79 million of goodwill amortized in 2001 and 2000.
Our net operating income was $511 million in 2002 including an after tax charge of $354 million for A&E reserve strengthening. Removing the effects of the September 11 tragedy in 2001, our net operating income would have been $490 million in 2001. Our net operating income was $582 million in 2000.
The debt prepayment expense of $17 million (net of income tax) resulted from our decision to prepay a portion of the ACE INA Subordinated Notes due in 2009. This cost was mostly attributable to the decrease in interest rates since the original note was issued. These subordinated notes bear interest of 11.2 percent. More information regarding our debt is provided in the Liquidity and Capital Resources discussion.
Net realized losses on investments (net of income tax) were $417 million in 2002 compared with net realized losses of $50 million in 2001 and $39 million in 2000. The net realized losses recorded in 2002, 2001 and 2000 are discussed in detail in the net realized gains (losses) on investments section.
27
 
SEGMENT OPERATING RESULTS
INSURANCE - NORTH AMERICAN
The Insurance - North American segment comprises our P&C insurance operations in the U.S., Bermuda and Canada excluding the financial solutions business in the U.S. and Bermuda. The Insurance - North American segment writes a variety of insurance products including property, liability, professional lines (D&O and errors and omissions coverages ("E&O")), marine, program business, political risk, accident and health ("A&H"), warranty, aerospace and other specialty lines.

                                                                                                    2002 vs.    2001 vs.
(in millions of U.S. dollars)                              2002            2001           2000          2001        2000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross premiums written                           $        6,116  $        4,521  $       3,626            35%         25%
Net premiums written                                      2,919           1,986          1,891            47           5

Net premiums earned                                       2,475           1,816          1,734            36           5
Losses and loss expenses                                  2,200           1,373          1,128            60          22
Underwriting and administrative expenses                    557             521            475             7          10
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Underwriting income (loss)                       $         (282) $          (78) $         131
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net investment income                                       406             426            446
Other income                                                  1               1              4
Interest expense                                             32              37             35
Income tax expense (benefit)                                 (4)             94            105
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net operating income                             $           97  $          218  $         441
========================================================================================================================
Loss and loss expense ratio before
  A&E (2002) and WTC (2001)*                               68.0%           68.2%          65.1%
Impact of A&E (2002) and WTC (2001)                        20.9%            7.4%             -
Total loss and loss expense ratio                          88.9%           75.6%          65.1%
Underwriting and administrative expense ratio              22.5%           28.7%          27.3%
Combined ratio                                            111.4%          104.3%          92.4%
========================================================================================================================	

* Excludes impact of asbestos and environmental reserve strengthening in 2002 and September 11 tragedy in 2001
Gross premiums written for the segment increased by 35 percent in 2002 compared with 2001. Both ACE USA and ACE Bermuda have contributed to the increase. The demand for our traditional P&C risk transfer business continues to rise. As a result of higher rate levels, we have seen significant premium growth and improvements in policy terms and conditions. Additionally, the new products we introduced in this segment in 2002 - A&H, medical risk, excess casualty, environmental and stand alone terrorism - have shown significant momentum, generating $200 million in gross premiums written.
ACE USA's gross premiums written increased by 34 percent to $5.7 billion for the year compared with $4.2 billion for 2001. Most of ACE USA's operating divisions experienced strong premium growth in 2002, attributed largely to rising prices, a result of the reduced availability of insurance for larger property accounts and excess casualty coverages. Overall, rates increased by over 75 percent for casualty business and 97 percent for D&O business. The large rate increases in our casualty business, specifically professional lines, accelerated in the second half of 2002. These large rate increases were not fully reflected in our overall premium growth as this line is a growing, but not yet high volume business compared to our property lines which experienced slower rate increases in 2002. We expect casualty rate increases to continue to accelerate into 2003 and property rates to further stabilize. We expect to increase our volume of writings on the casualty lines, including professional lines business in 2003 and this should translate to higher premium growth overall. The September 11 tragedy resulted in concentrated losses by the major participants in the reinsurance industry, which significantly reduced primary insurance market capacity
28
in the lines of business where customer demand is now the strongest. Demand and pricing have increased for E&O and D&O coverage due to recent corporate failures and allegations of public company management misconduct. These market conditions have also led to generally favorable changes in policy terms and conditions. In 2001, ACE USA increased its gross premiums written by 30 percent to $4.2 billion compared with $3.3 billion in 2000. During 2001, ACE USA experienced growth in new business and higher pricing due to improved market conditions in the first eight months of the year. Following the September 11 tragedy, significant pricing increases were experienced primarily for large property accounts, catastrophe-exposed property business and the excess casualty lines.
ACE Bermuda has been successful in growing its core lines of business, reporting an increase in gross premiums written of 60 percent to $435 million in 2002 compared with $272 million in 2001. Excess liability increased by 78 percent, excess property increased by 72 percent and professional lines more than doubled. These significant increases are primarily a result of rate increases in the insurance and reinsurance market in general. We expect the improved market conditions to continue into 2003. ACE Bermuda's gross premiums written in 2001 decreased by 26 percent to $272 million compared with $369 million in 2000. Gross premiums written in 2000 included certain non-recurring retroactive business as well as aviation and satellite business, much of which was later moved to other units within ACE.
The loss and loss expense ratio for the Insurance - North American segment was 88.9 percent in 2002 compared with 75.6 percent in 2001. The impact of the asbestos reserve strengthening increased our net loss and loss expenses by $516 million and added 20.9 percentage points to this segment's current year loss and loss expense ratio, while the September 11 tragedy added 7.4 percentage points to the loss and loss expense ratio in 2001. Adjusted for these two events, our loss and loss expense ratio was 68.0 percent in 2002 compared with 68.2 percent in 2001. Changes in business mix and losses incurred in ACE Bermuda's satellite book caused the loss and loss expense ratio to remain relatively unchanged despite large rate increases on renewal business and growth in new business.
The underwriting and administrative expense ratio declined to 22.5 percent in 2002 from 28.7 percent in 2001. This decline is primarily a result of increased net premiums earned and a shift in mix of business at ACE USA towards lower-commission E&O and D&O lines, which more than offset the increase in administrative expenses. Administrative expenses increased in 2002, principally due to the increased costs associated with servicing the growth in new product lines and increased volume in existing product lines. This segment's underwriting and administrative expense ratio was 27.3 percent in 2000.
An underwriting loss of $282 million was reported in 2002, compared with an underwriting loss of $78 million in 2001. The increase in underwriting loss relates primarily to the reserve strengthening for asbestos exposure in our Brandywine Holdings operation ("Brandywine"), partially offset by the increase in net premiums earned. The Insurance - North American segment had underwriting income of $131 million in 2000, a year relatively free of major catastrophic losses.
Net operating income was $97 million in 2002, compared with $218 million in 2001. The decrease is attributed to the increase in underwriting loss in 2002, partially offset by the income tax benefit of $4 million in the current year compared with an income tax expense of $94 million in 2001. Net operating income was $441 million in 2000, as a result of the underwriting profit.
INSURANCE - OVERSEAS GENERAL
The Insurance - Overseas General segment comprises ACE International, our network of indigenous insurance operations, and the insurance operations of ACE Global Markets, our Lloyd's operation. The Insurance - Overseas General segment writes a variety of insurance products including property, liability, professional risk (D&O and E&O), marine, political risk, A&H, aerospace and consumer-oriented products.
29

                                                                                                    2002 vs.    2001 vs.
(in millions of U.S. dollars)                              2002            2001           2000          2001        2000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross premiums written                           $        4,114  $        3,289  $       2,822            25%         17%
Net premiums written                                      2,716           2,154          2,004            26           7

Net premiums earned                                       2,393           1,941          1,832            23           6
Losses and loss expenses                                  1,455           1,465          1,108            (1)         32
Underwriting and administrative expenses                    923             772            710            20           9
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Underwriting income (loss)                       $           15  $         (296) $          14
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net investment income                                       108             102            117
Other income (expense)                                        2              (1)            (2)
Interest expense                                              3               2              5
Income tax expense (benefit)                                  6             (85)            15
Amortization of goodwill                                      -               3              4
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net operating income (loss)                      $          116  $         (115) $         105
========================================================================================================================
Loss and loss expense ratio                                60.8%           75.5%          60.5%
Underwriting and administrative expense ratio              38.6%           39.7%          38.8%
Combined ratio                                             99.4%          115.2%          99.3%
========================================================================================================================	

Gross premiums written for this segment increased by 25 percent in 2002 compared with 2001. ACE International's gross premiums written increased by 26 percent to $2.7 billion in 2002 compared with $2.1 billion in 2001. With the exception of ACE Far East, ACE International continues to experience rapid growth in all regions of the world. ACE Europe and ACE Asia Pacific accounted for most of this increase, principally due to increased prices on renewing business and demand for products in the P&C and A&H lines. ACE Latin America also contributed to the increase on the strength of favorable price increases and new business writings in the Mexican A&H book. In most regions of the world, property rates continue to increase in 2003, though the rate of increase has slowed, while casualty rates continue to increase at an accelerating rate.
ACE Global Markets' gross premiums written increased by 23 percent to $1.5 billion in 2002 compared with $1.2 billion in 2001. Improved market conditions in 2002 have resulted in rate increases across most lines and growth in new business written. With the exception of aviation, P&C rates increased in excess of 40 percent in 2002. The magnitude of rate increases for professional risk are expected to continue for the first half of 2003, while property and aviation rate increases have begun to stabilize due to increasing capacity. ACE Global Markets' retention ratio, (the ratio of net premiums written to gross premiums written), has declined to 54 percent in 2002 compared with 60 percent in 2001. This is a result of higher reinsurance cost (and ultimately reduced net premiums written) following the September 11 tragedy. During 2002, we increased our participation in Lloyd's Syndicate 2488 to 99.6 percent from 90 percent in 2001. Gross premiums written increased by $258 million in 2001 to $1.2 billion compared with $921 million in 2000. The increase was due to our higher level of participation in Syndicate 2488 and higher premium levels across most of our lines of business in 2001 due to rate increases.
Gross premiums written for Insurance - Overseas General increased by 17 percent to $3.3 billion in 2001 compared with $2.8 billion in 2000. The growth in 2001 is attributed to growth in underlying P&C lines in both indigenous and multinational programs and the A&H and consumer products business operations.
The loss and loss expense ratio for Insurance - Overseas General declined to 60.8 percent in 2002 compared with 75.5 percent in 2001. The improvement is attributed to the lack of catastrophic losses of the magnitude of the September 11 tragedy in 2001 and additionally due to $170 million of reserve strengthening at ACE Global Markets and ACE International in 2001. The loss and loss expense ratio was 60.5 percent in 2000.
30
The underwriting and administrative expense ratio for this segment was relatively stable despite increased net premiums earned. The ratio was 38.6 percent in 2002 compared with 39.7 percent in 2001 and 38.8 percent in 2000. Underwriting expenses at ACE Global Markets have increased due to higher Lloyd's premium levies and processing fees as well as increased staffing costs due to the expanding operations. ACE International's underwriting expenses have also increased in all regions due to growth in operations.
Net operating income in 2002 was $116 million compared with a net operating loss of $115 million in 2001. The results for 2001 were impacted by the September 11 tragedy. Excluding this event there would have been a net operating loss of $29 million in 2001. Net operating income was $105 million in 2000, primarily the result of underwriting profit.
GLOBAL REINSURANCE
The Global Reinsurance segment comprises ACE Tempest Re Bermuda, ACE Tempest Re USA, ACE Tempest Re Europe, and ACE Tempest Life Re ("ACE Life Re"), our Bermuda-based life reinsurance operation (which is discussed separately).
Property and Casualty

                                                                                          2002 vs.    2001 vs.
(in millions of U.S. dollars)                            2002        2001         2000        2001        2000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross premiums written                               $    887    $    460     $    337          93%         36%
Net premiums written                                      777         354          275         119          29

Net premiums earned                                       677         324          252         109          29
Losses and loss expenses                                  304         317           53          (4)        498
Underwriting and administrative expenses                  163          97           63          68          54
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Underwriting income (loss)                           $    210    $    (90)    $    136
==============================================================================================================
Net investment income                                      95          70           65
Other income                                                1           -            -
Interest expense                                           14           1            -
Income tax expense (benefit)                                1         (22)          17
Amortization of goodwill                                    -          14           14
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net operating income (loss)                          $    291    $    (13)    $    170
==============================================================================================================
Loss and loss expense ratio*                             44.9%       97.7%        21.0%
Underwriting and administrative expense ratio*           24.0%       30.0%        24.9%
Combined ratio*                                          68.9%      127.7%        45.9%
==============================================================================================================	

*Ratios exclude life reinsurance business
The Global Reinsurance segment's gross premiums written increased by 93 percent in 2002 compared with 2001. This substantial increase is a result of our successful efforts to expand into a multi-line global reinsurer as well as generally improved P&C reinsurance market conditions throughout 2002. ACE Tempest Re Bermuda, ACE Tempest Re Europe and ACE Tempest Re USA all contributed to this significant increase. ACE Tempest Re Bermuda reported a 56 percent increase in gross premiums written to $423 million while ACE Tempest Re Europe increased its gross premiums written by 92 percent to $230 million and ACE Tempest Re USA grew its gross premiums written by 239 percent to $234 million. On average, during 2002, property catastrophe premium rates were approximately 20 percent higher than in 2001 following significant rate improvements during 2001. We expect rates to remain relatively flat or decline slightly in 2003. Premium rates on other P&C lines have increased significantly over the past year and we expect rate increases to continue through 2003, particularly in casualty lines. Premium rates and policy terms in certain areas of the market continue to be inadequate and, as such, we continue to decline more business than we write. The Global Reinsurance segment's gross premiums written increased by 36 percent in 2001 compared with 2000. This increase was due to our business expansion and improved pricing in the reinsurance market in 2001 compared with 2000.
31
Net premiums written more than doubled in 2002 compared with 2001. This increase was primarily a result of the growth in gross premiums written and a reduction in the level of reinsurance purchased by ACE Tempest Re Europe. Net premiums written in 2001 increased by 29 percent to $354 million compared with $275 million in 2000.
The loss and loss expense ratio improved from 97.7 percent in 2001 to 44.9 percent in 2002. Removing the impact of the September 11 tragedy, the loss and loss expense ratio would have been 30.1 percent in 2001. The increase in our loss and loss expense ratio (after adjusting for the September 11 tragedy) is primarily due to changes in business mix at ACE Tempest Re as we transform from a property catastrophe writer to a multi-line writer. Our portfolio is now diversified as half of our business in 2002 was from non-catastrophe lines generated by our London and U.S. operations with the other half coming from our Bermuda catastrophe division. The loss and loss expense ratio in 2000 was 21.0 percent.
The underwriting and administrative expense ratio declined to 24.0 percent in 2002 compared with 30.0 percent in 2001 and 24.9 percent in 2000. While our operating costs grew due to the expanding infrastructure needed to manage our expansion, our expense ratio improved as a result of higher premium production levels in 2002.
The Global Reinsurance segment's underwriting income increased to $210 million in 2002, compared with an underwriting loss of $90 million in 2001. Excluding the impact of the September 11 tragedy, underwriting income would have been $146 million in 2001. This significant increase is primarily a result of higher premium rates in the P&C insurance and reinsurance market since the September 11 tragedy. Benefiting from relatively few catastrophic losses, this segment reported underwriting income of $136 million in 2000.
Net operating income increased to $291 million in 2002 compared with a net operating loss of $13 million in 2001. Removing the impact of the September 11 tragedy, net operating income would have been $188 million in 2001. This increase is a result of higher underwriting income from all the divisions and the increase in net investment income. Net operating income was $170 million in 2000.
Life Reinsurance
ACE Life Re was formed in 2001 as a niche player in the life reinsurance market. Our strategic focus at ACE Life Re is to differentiate ourselves in our targeted business, which is principally to provide reinsurance coverage to other life insurance companies focusing on guarantees included in certain annuity products (fixed and variable). We do not compete on a "traditional" basis for pure mortality business. The reinsurance transactions we enter into typically help clients (ceding companies) to manage mortality, morbidity, and/or lapse risks embedded in their book of business. We price life reinsurance using actuarial and investment models that incorporate a number of factors, including assumptions for mortality, morbidity, expenses, demographics, persistency, investment returns and inflation. We assess the performance of our life reinsurance business based on net operating income, which is net income excluding net realized gains and losses from the sale of investments. The use of combined ratios is not an appropriate measure of the underwriting results of life reinsurance business.

                                                                 2002 vs.
(in millions of U.S. dollars)                  2002       2001       2001
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross premiums written                     $    165   $    414        (60)%
Net premiums written                            159        408        (61)

Net premiums earned                             158        406        (61)
Life and annuity benefits                       158        401        (61)
Underwriting and administrative expenses         22         10        120
Net investment income                            27          9        200
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net operating income                       $      5   $      4
=========================================================================

32	

Our life reinsurance business is focused on writing risk transfer treaty business where the principal risk is mortality and morbidity based. Our current product portfolio focuses mainly on life and variable products. During 2002, we made the decision to cease pursuing large, one-time transaction business and the long-term disability business as we no longer believe our efforts in these areas justify the potential returns. This decision is reflected in the 60 percent reduction in gross premiums written to $165 million in 2002 from $414 million in 2001. Gross premiums written in 2001 included $334 million from non-recurring deals.
FINANCIAL SERVICES
The Financial Services segment consists of two broad categories: financial guaranty business and financial solutions business. The financial guaranty business includes municipal and non-municipal financial guaranty reinsurance, title cover, single-name and portfolio credit default swaps, mortgage guaranty reinsurance, trade credit reinsurance and residual value reinsurance. The financial solutions business includes insurance and reinsurance solutions to complex risks that generally cannot be adequately addressed by the traditional insurance marketplace. Each financial solutions contract is unique and specifically tailored for an individual client, but generally they are multi-year and contain some form of client participation. Both units write structured finance transactions which are recorded at higher loss and loss expense ratios than other business. These transactions are typically longer-term contracts where profit emerges over the term of the contract and rely on investment income as a component of profitability. Due to the nature of the financial solutions business, premium volume can vary significantly from period to period and, therefore, premiums written in any one period are not indicative of premiums to be written in future periods.
We also write retroactive contracts, including LPTs, which indemnify ceding companies for events that have occurred in prior years. While these types of contracts are generally written in the Financial Services segment, they can also be written in other segments, including the life reinsurance group. These contracts, which meet the established criteria for reinsurance accounting under GAAP, are recorded in the statement of operations when written and generally result in large one-time written and earned premiums with comparable incurred losses. These contracts, when written, can cause significant variances in gross premiums written, net premiums written, net premiums earned, net incurred losses, the loss and loss expense ratio and the underwriting and administrative expense ratio. At the time one of these contracts is written, we make certain assumptions with respect to the ultimate amount and timing of payments in order to establish loss and loss expense reserves. As with most loss reserves, the actual amount and timing of payments may result in loss and loss expenses which are significantly greater or less than the reserves initially provided.
It is generally expected that losses ultimately paid under retroactive contracts will exceed the premiums received, in some cases by large margins. Premiums are based in part on time-value-of-money concepts because loss payments may occur over lengthy time periods. However, retroactive contracts do not have a significant impact on reported earnings in the period of inception. When writing a retroactive contract, the excess of the estimated ultimate losses over the premiums received is established as a deferred charge and amortized against income over the estimated future claim settlement period. We expect that these contracts will produce significant underwriting losses over time, but we also expect that this business will be profitable due to expected investment earnings on the premiums received.
Additionally, we have determined that certain products we issue in the Financial Services segment (principally credit protection oriented) meet the definition of a derivative under FAS 133, and are required to be recorded at fair value. These products consist primarily of credit default swaps, index-based instruments and certain financial guarantee coverages. We recorded in net realized gains (losses) on investments, a loss of $77 million in 2002 due to the change in fair value of these derivatives compared with a loss of $17 million in 2001. The level of such gains and losses is dependent upon a number of factors including changes in interest rates, credit spreads and other market factors.
33

                                                                                          2002 vs.       2001 vs.
(in millions of U.S. dollars)                        2002         2001          2000          2001          2000
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross premiums written                          $   1,537    $   1,481     $     801             4%           85%
Net premiums written                                1,497        1,461           709             2           106

Net premiums earned                                 1,127        1,429           716           (21)           99
Losses and loss expenses                              947        1,397           647           (32)          116
Underwriting and administrative expenses              129          114            87            13            31
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Underwriting income (loss)                      $      51    $     (82)    $     (18)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net investment income                                 192          173           149
Other income                                            1            1             1
Interest expense                                       12           17            18
Income tax expense                                     30           21            22
Amortization of goodwill                                -            4             4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net operating income                            $     202    $      50     $      88
================================================================================================================
Loss and loss expense ratio                          84.0%        97.8%         90.3%
Underwriting and administrative expense ratio        11.4%         7.9%         12.2%
Combined ratio                                       95.4%       105.7%        102.5%
================================================================================================================	

The Financial Services segment's net operating income increased to $202 million in 2002 compared with $50 million in 2001. The results for 2001 were significantly affected by the September 11 tragedy. Excluding the impact of this event, net operating income would have been $197 million in 2001. Gross premiums written increased by four percent in 2002 compared with 2001. This increase reflects the increased demand for credit derivatives and structured finance transactions partially offset by lower LPT volume experienced in 2002. Gross premiums written were $1.5 billion in 2001 compared with $801 million in 2000. We wrote several large LPTs in 2001 totaling $642 million compared with $311 million in 2002 and $362 million in 2000.
The financial guaranty operations were successful in increasing net operating income to $110 million in 2002 compared with $94 million in 2001. Market demand for credit derivatives and trade credit insurance was strong in 2002. We increased our writing in both these areas. Gross premiums written attributed to credit derivatives now comprise over two-thirds of the financial guaranty operation's total gross premiums written, compared with 29 percent in 2001. ACE Guaranty Corp. was able to take advantage of reduced competition in the trade credit insurance marketplace, and we increased our gross premiums written in this area to $42 million in 2002 compared with $22 million in 2001. Net operating income was $82 million in 2000.
The financial solutions operations reported an 18 percent decline in net premiums earned to $883 million in 2002 compared with $1 billion in 2001. This decrease is a result of a change in business mix in 2002 and additional premiums of $104 million due under the terms of certain financial solutions reinsurance programs in 2001 directly impacted by the September 11 tragedy. In 2002, financial solutions increased its writings in multi-year, prospective, structured programs which earn out over three- to five-year terms, and reported a decrease in LPT business, which is earned when written. We expect to see strong demand in 2003 for our products as companies continue to be faced with pressure on self-insured retentions, changing insurance programs and the need to mitigate balance sheet and income statement uncertainties.
The loss and loss expense ratio improved from 97.8 percent in 2001 to 84.0 percent in 2002. This decrease is primarily attributable to the absence of losses in 2002 of the magnitude of the September 11 tragedy in 2001. The underwriting and administrative expense ratio was 11.4 percent in 2002 compared with 7.9 percent in 2001. This increase is primarily attributed to the decrease in LPT volume during 2002 compared with 2001. LPTs typically incur lower commission costs than our other lines of business. Due to relatively low net premiums earned, the underwriting and administrative expense ratio was 12.2 percent in 2000.
34
 
NET INVESTMENT INCOME

Years ended December 31,
(in millions of U.S. dollars)                          2002      2001      2000
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Insurance - North American                          $   406   $   426   $   446
Insurance - Overseas General                            108       102       117
Global Reinsurance - P&C                                 95        70        65
Global Reinsurance - Life                                27         9         -
Financial Services                                      192       173       149
Corporate and Other                                     (26)        5        (6)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net investment income                               $   802   $   785   $   771
===============================================================================	

Net investment income is influenced by a number of factors, including the amounts and timing of inward and outward cash flows and the level of interest rates as well as changes in overall asset allocation. Net investment income increased by two percent in 2002 to $802 million compared to $785 million in 2001. Substantial positive operating cash flows during 2002 and positive operating and financing cash flows in the later part of 2001 resulted in a higher average investable asset base. The positive impact on investment income due to the increased asset base was partially offset by a decline in the investment portfolio's yield due to the impact of lower interest rates on investing new cash and reinvesting maturing securities. The average yield on fixed maturities declined to 4.4 percent in 2002 compared with 5.2 percent for 2001 and 6.3 percent for 2000.
Net investment income increased in 2001 by $14 million to $785 million compared to $771 million in 2000. On a comparable basis, net investment income declined by $14 million. The year ended December 31, 2000, includes only six months of investment income from Commercial Insurance Services ("CIS") as this unit was treated as a discontinued operation until July 2, 2000. The comparable number assumes investment income from CIS was included for 12 months in 2000. While we had substantial positive operating and financing cash flows in 2001, these inflows were weighted toward the end of the year.
NET REALIZED GAINS (LOSSSES) ON IVESTMENTS
Our investment strategy takes a long-term view and our portfolio is actively managed to maximize total return within certain specific guidelines, which are designed to minimize risk. Our investment portfolio is reported at fair value, however, the effect of market movements on our portfolio impact income (through net realized gains (losses) on investments) when securities are sold, when "other than temporary" impairments are recorded on invested assets or when derivatives, including financial futures and options, interest rate swaps and credit default swaps, are marked to fair value or are settled. Changes in unrealized appreciation and depreciation, which result from the revaluation of securities held, are reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income in shareholders' equity. The following table presents our pre-tax net realized gains (losses) on investments for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000.

(in millions of U.S. dollars)                          2002      2001      2000
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fixed maturities and short-term investments         $   (58)  $    (7)  $   (82)
Equity securities                                      (157)       27       114
Other investments                                       (12)      (38)      (12)
Financial futures, options and interest rate swaps     (188)      (11)      (48)
Fair value adjustment on credit derivatives             (77)      (17)        -
Currency                                                  3       (12)      (11)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total net realized gains (losses) on investments    $  (489)  $   (58)  $   (39)
===============================================================================	

We regularly review our investments for possible impairment based on criteria including economic conditions, credit loss experience and other issuer-specific developments. If there is a decline in a security's net realizable value, we must determine whether that decline is temporary or "other than temporary". If we believe a decline in the value of a particular investment
35
is temporary, we record the decline as an unrealized loss in our shareholders' equity. If we believe the decline is "other than temporary", we write down the carrying value of the investment and record a realized loss in our statement of operations. The decision to recognize a decline in the value of a security carried at fair value as "other than temporary" rather than temporary has no impact on our book value.
During 2002, we recognized net realized losses of $227 million related to fixed maturities, equity securities and other investments, compared to net realized losses of $18 million during 2001. Our net realized losses in 2002 included $268 million of write-downs of fixed maturity investments, equity securities and other investments as a result of conditions which caused us to conclude the decline in fair value of the investment was "other than temporary". Excluding the impairment charges, we recorded $41 million of net gains primarily from the sales of fixed maturities.
Our net realized losses in 2001 related to fixed maturities, equity securities and other investments was $18 million and included $81 million of write-downs of fixed maturity investments and other investments as a result of conditions which caused us to conclude the decline in fair value of the investment was "other than temporary". Excluding the impairment charges, we recorded $63 million of net gains from the sales of investments.
Given our overall total return objective for our investment portfolio, we may sell securities at a loss for a number of reasons including changes in the investment environment, our expectation that fair value may deteriorate further, our desire to reduce our exposure to an issuer or an industry and changes in the credit quality of the security.
FAS 133, which we implemented in January 2001, requires us to recognize all derivatives as either assets or liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet and measure them at fair value. We record the gains and losses resulting from the fair value measurement of derivatives in net realized gains and losses. Our involvement with derivative instruments and transactions is primarily to offer protection to others or to mitigate our own risk and we do not consider our derivative transactions to be speculative in nature.
We incurred net realized losses on financial futures and option contracts and interest rate swaps of $188 million in 2002 compared with losses of $11 million and $48 million in 2001 and 2000, respectively. Our 2002 losses included $81 million of losses from interest rate swaps as interest rates declined in the year. These swaps are designed to reduce the negative impact of increases in interest rates on our fixed maturity portfolio. We also incurred losses of $107 million on our Standard and Poor's ("S&P") equity index futures contracts as the S&P 500 equity index declined 22 percent during the year. We use foreign currency forward contracts to minimize the effect of fluctuating foreign currencies on certain non-U.S. dollar holdings in our portfolio that are not specifically matching foreign currency liabilities. These contracts are not designated as specific hedges and, therefore, we record all realized and unrealized gains and losses on these contracts as net realized gains (losses) in the period in which the currency values change.
We have determined that certain products we issue (principally credit protection oriented) meet the definition of a derivative under FAS 133. These products consist primarily of credit default swaps, index-based instruments and certain financial guarantee coverages. We incurred a loss of $77 million in 2002 due to the change in fair value of these derivatives compared with a loss of $17 million in 2001. The level of such gains and losses is dependent upon a number of factors including changes in interest rates, credit spreads and other market factors.
The process of determining whether a decline in value is temporary or "other than temporary" is subjective and differs by type of security. In addition to company-specific financial information and general market or industry conditions, we also consider our ability and intent to hold a particular security to maturity or until market value recovers to a level in excess of cost. As a result of our periodic review process, we have determined that there currently is no need to sell any of these securities to fund anticipated payments. We have described below, by type of security, our process for reviewing our investments for possible impairment.
FIXED MATURITIES AND SECURITIES ON LOAN
We review all of our fixed income securities, including securities on loan, for potential impairment each quarter. In general, we focus on those fixed-maturity securities with a market value of less than 80 percent of amortized cost for the previous nine months.
36
Outlined below are the main factors we use in evaluating a fixed income security for potential impairment:
. the degree to which any appearance of impairment is attributable to an overall change in market conditions (e.g., interest rates) rather than changes in the individual factual circumstances and risk profile of the issuer;
. the performance of the relevant industry sector;
. whether an issuer is current in making principal and interest payments on the debt securities in question;
. the issuer's financial condition and our assessment (using available market information) of its ability to make future scheduled principal and interest payments on a timely basis; and
. the current financial strength or debt rating and analysis and guidance provided by rating agencies and analysts.
EQUITY SECURITIES AND SECURITIES ON LOAN
On a quarterly basis, these investments are also reviewed for impairment. In general, we focus our attention on those equity securities with a market value of less than 80 percent of cost for the previous nine months.
Outlined below are the main factors we use in evaluating an equity security for potential impairment:
. whether the decline appears to be related to general market or industry conditions or is issuer-specific; and
. the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, including any specific events that may influence the issuer's operations.
OTHER INVESTMENTS
With respect to publicly and non-publicly traded venture capital investments, on a quarterly basis the portfolio managers, as well as our internal valuation committee, review and consider a variety of factors in determining the potential for loss impairment. Factors considered are:
. the issuer's most recent financing events;
. an analysis of whether fundamental deterioration has occurred; and
. whether or not the issuer's progress has been substantially less than expectations.
The following table summarizes, for all securities in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2002 (including Securities on loan), the aggregate fair value and gross unrealized loss by length of time the amounts have been continuously in an unrealized loss position.

                                      December 31, 2002
                                    Gross unrealized loss
                         Fair      0-6      7-12    Over 12
                         value    months   months   months    Total
                         ------   ------   ------   -------   -----
                                (in million of U.S. dollars)

Fixed maturities         $1,048   $   31   $   17   $    11   $  59
Equities                    163       35       24         5      64
Other investments            88        1        -         3       4
                         ------   ------   ------   -------   -----
Total                    $1,299   $   67   $   41   $    19   $ 127
                         ======   ======   ======   =======   =====	

37
 
OTHER INCOME AND EXPENSE ITEMS

Years ended December 31,
(in millions of U.S. Dollars)                 2002           2001          2000
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Other income (expense)                $        (20)  $          1   $         3
===============================================================================
Interest expense                      $        193   $        199   $       221
===============================================================================
Income tax expense (benefit)          $       (116)  $        (79)  $        94
===============================================================================
Amortization of goodwill              $          -   $         79   $        79
===============================================================================	

Other income (expense) includes $25 million in debt prepayment expense incurred in 2002 as a result of the prepayment of a portion of the ACE INA Subordinated Notes due in 2009. This cost was mostly attributable to the decrease in interest rates since the original note was issued.
Interest expense decreased by three percent in 2002 compared with 2001. The decrease is a result of the combined effect of reducing our outstanding debt, lower interest rates on our floating rate debt and repayment of $100 million of ACE INA Subordinated Notes. The decrease in interest expense in 2001, as compared with 2000, was also due to lower interest rates on our floating rate debt. A full description of our outstanding debt, including interest rates and terms, is included in Note 9 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.
The income tax benefit of $116 million in 2002 is primarily attributable to the realized losses on investments offset by a lower underwriting loss in 2002. In 2002, our effective tax rate was 7.4 percent. Excluding the impact of the A&E reserve strengthening, the effective tax rate was 12.8 percent. For 2003, we expect that our effective tax rate will be in the 18 percent to 20 percent range. Our effective tax rate is dependent upon the mix of earnings from different jurisdictions with various tax rates. In 2003, we expect higher growth in taxable jurisdictions. A different geographic mix of actual earnings would change the effective tax rate. We reported an income tax benefit of $79 million in 2001 compared with an expense of $94 million in 2000. This was primarily due to the underwriting loss on the September 11 tragedy in 2001. For further information on taxation, see Note 14 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.
In June 2001, FASB issued FAS 142 which primarily addresses the accounting for goodwill and intangible assets subsequent to acquisition. As required, we adopted FAS 142 on January 1, 2002 and ceased amortizing goodwill as at that date.
INVESTMENTS AND CASH
Our principal investment objective is to ensure that funds will be available to meet our insurance and reinsurance obligations. Within this broad liquidity constraint, our investment portfolio's structure seeks to maximize return subject to specifically approved guidelines of overall asset classes, credit quality, liquidity and volatility of expected returns. As such, our investment portfolio is invested primarily in fixed income securities with an average credit quality of AA, as rated by the independent investment rating service S&P. The portfolio is externally managed by independent, professional, investment managers. The average duration of our fixed income securities, including the effect of interest rate swaps, is 3.1 years at December 31, 2002, and 3.4 years at December 31, 2001.
The following table identifies our invested assets at fair value, by type held, at December 31, 2002 and 2001.

(in millions of U.S. dollars)                   2002           2001
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Fixed maturities                      $       14,420  $      13,000
Equity securities                                411            468
Securities on loan                               293              -
Short-term investments                         1,885          1,206
Other investments                                652            591
Cash                                             663            671
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Total investments and cash            $       18,324  $      15,936
===================================================================

38	

At December 31, 2002, total investments and cash was $18.3 billion compared with $15.9 billion at December 31, 2001. We also attain exposure to the equity markets through the use of derivative instruments. The combined equity exposure through both our equity portfolio and derivative instruments was valued at $603 million and $805 million at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. The increase of $2.3 billion in total investments and cash is primarily due to positive cash flows from operations due to strong premium volume, and an increase in unrealized appreciation on the fixed income portfolio caused by declining interest rates during 2002 and 2001. Offsetting these increases, in 2002 we paid dividends of $193 million and reduced our overall debt levels by $349 million. Our other investments principally comprise direct investments, investments in investment funds and investments in limited partnerships. During 2002, we acquired 22 percent of the outstanding shares of Huatai Insurance Company of China ("Huatai") for $111 million. Huatai is China's first nationally licensed, joint stock P&C insurer.
The following tables show the market value of our fixed income portfolio, short-term investments, securities on loan and cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2002, by type and by credit rating, as rated by S&P.

                                                         Percentage
(in millions of U.S. dollars)           MARKET VALUE       of Total
-------------------------------------------------------------------

Treasury                              $          842              5%
Agency                                           503              3
Corporate                                      6,929             40
Mortgage-backed securities                     3,302             19
Asset-backed securities                          352              2
Municipal                                      1,201              7
Non-U.S.                                       1,584              9
Cash and cash equivalents                      2,548             15
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                 $       17,261            100%
===================================================================

AAA                                   $        8,566             49%
AA                                             2,880             17
A                                              2,920             17
BBB                                            1,314              8
BB                                               662              4
B                                                843              5
Other                                             76              -
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                 $       17,261            100%
===================================================================	

At December 31, 2002, our fixed maturity investment portfolio included non-investment grade securities and non-rated securities which in total, comprised approximately nine percent of our fixed income portfolio.
Below-investment grade securities have different characteristics than investment grade corporate debt securities. Risk of loss upon default by the borrower is significantly greater with respect to below-investment grade securities than with other corporate debt securities. Below-investment grade securities are generally unsecured and are often subordinated to other creditors of the issuer. Also, issuers of below-investment grade securities usually have higher levels of debt and are more sensitive to adverse economic conditions, such as recession or increasing interest rates, than are investment grade issuers. We attempt to reduce the overall risk in the below-investment grade portfolio, as in all investments, through careful credit analysis, strict investment policy guidelines, and diversification by issuer and/or guarantor and by industry.
39
RESTRICTED ASSETS
We are required to maintain assets on deposit with various regulatory authorities to support our insurance and reinsurance operations. These requirements are generally promulgated in the statutory regulations of the individual jurisdictions. The assets on deposit are available to settle insurance and reinsurance liabilities. We also utilize trust funds in certain large transactions where the trust funds are set up for the benefit of the ceding companies and generally take the place of Letter of Credit ("LOC") requirements. We also have investments in segregated portfolios primarily to provide collateral or guarantees for LOCs and debt instruments (see Notes 8 and 9 of the Consolidated Financial Statements).
The following table identifies the value of restricted assets at December 31, 2002 and 2001.

(in millions of U.S. dollars)                            2002           2001
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deposits with U.S. regulatory authorities      $          650  $         864
Deposits with non-U.S. regulatory authorities           1,070            735
Assets used for collateral or guarantees                1,230          1,030
Trust funds                                             1,381            852
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                               $        4,331  $       3,481
============================================================================	

The value of restricted assets increased by $850 million to $4.3 billion at December 31, 2002, compared with $3.5 billion at December 31, 2001. The higher value of restricted assets is a result of increased use of our secured credit facility, higher use of trust funds in place of LOCs and our greater participation in Syndicate 2488. The increase in restricted assets was partially offset by the repayment of the ACE INA RHINO Preferred Securities, which removed the need for a $400 million portfolio of restricted assets.
PROPERTY AND CAUSALTY LOSS RESERVES
We establish reserves for the estimated unpaid ultimate liability for losses and loss expenses under the terms of our policies and agreements. These reserves include estimates for both claims that have been reported and for IBNR, and include estimates of expenses associated with processing and settling these claims. The table below presents a reconciliation of our unpaid losses and loss expenses for the year ended December 31, 2002.

                                                                Gross     Reinsurance
(in millions of U.S. dollars)                                  Losses     Recoverable            Net
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance, beginning of year                             $       20,728  $       10,629  $      10,099
Losses and loss expenses incurred                              10,113           5,206          4,907
Losses and loss expenses paid                                  (6,903)         (2,952)        (3,951)
Other (including foreign exchange revaluation)                    377             114            263
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance, end of year                                   $       24,315  $       12,997  $      11,318
====================================================================================================	

Note 6 of our Consolidated Financial Statements includes a reconciliation of our
beginning and ending net loss and loss adjustment expense reserves for each of the three years ended December 31, 2002, 2001, and 2000. The reserve for unpaid losses and loss expenses increased by $3.6 billion to $24.3 billion at December 31, 2002, compared with $20.7 billion at December 31, 2001. This increase is attributed to the $2.2 billion in A&E reserve strengthening in the fourth quarter of 2002, and the significant growth in business in 2002. The balance at December 31, 2002, includes $13.2 billion of case and loss expense reserves compared with $13.3 billion at December 31, 2001. Our net losses and loss expenses incurred in 2002 were $4.9 billion and include $709 million of prior year development. Of this amount, $516 million relates to a charge taken in the fourth quarter of 2002 to strengthen our A&E reserves (see the section entitled "Asbestos and Environmental Claims" for further discussion). All of the A&E development was incurred in the Insurance - North American segment. An analysis of the remaining $193 million of prior period development follows.
Incurred losses of $2.2 billion for Insurance - North American include $79 million of prior period development, $59 million from ACE USA and $20 million from ACE Bermuda. In ACE USA, prior period development arose from several lines of business
40
including $13 million from our ACE Risk Management business, $11 million from the consumer solutions business and $35 million from two lines of business now in run-off. ACE Risk Management, ACE USA's largest business line with over $1.3 billion of net loss reserves, is the large commercial package business that includes workers' compensation and commercial automobile covers. During 2002, we incurred $13 million to increase the workers' compensation, commercial automobile and the health care asset management run-off books, principally for the 2000 accident year, as a result of regular actuarial reviews of these lines of business. The Consumer Solutions group incurred $11 million related to the 2001 accident year, principally from its warranty line as a result of an actuarial study completed in late 2002. Of the $35 million from run-off business, $18 million arose from the CIS line, which comprises middle market casualty exposures. In 1999, we sold the renewal rights to this business and are running off the existing reserves. $12 million relates to one adverse court decision in the Financial Institutions business on a 2001 accident year claim and the remaining $5 million relates to general reserve increases resulting from actuarial reviews.
In ACE Bermuda, we incurred $45 million of prior year losses related to aerospace losses, $31 million related to satellite losses and $14 million of aviation losses. The satellite losses principally relate to three losses from satellites launched between 1999 and 2001 that have subsequently experienced problems. The aviation losses relate to increases in claims reserves on almost 300 claims in the 1997 through 2001 accident years. The remaining reserves on this line principally relate to long-tail product liability policies. ACE Bermuda discontinued the satellite business in 2002 and the aviation business in 2000. These increases were partially offset as excess liability reserves improved by $28 million. We were successful in recovering subrogation on a loss from the 1988 accident year and had positive development on a claim for the 1989 accident year. These two items accounted for an improvement of $45 million. This was partially offset by claims development in 1995 and 1996. The remaining $3 million relates to general reserve increases resulting from actuarial reviews.
Incurred losses of $1.4 billion for Insurance - Overseas General include $104 million of prior year losses, of which $36 million came from ACE Global Markets and $68 million came from ACE International. In ACE Global Markets, $26 million of prior period development arose from aerospace losses in the 2000 and 2001 accident years, principally from the same satellite losses that impacted ACE Bermuda. The remaining $10 million relates to a number of small losses across several business lines. In ACE International, $44 million of prior period development arose from developing casualty losses in Australia, Norway, Italy and the Netherlands. The increases related to development on several large claims caused by new information that changed the total value of these claims from last year. In addition, ACE Europe incurred $14 million of D&O losses, partly in response to specific large losses and partly due to a change in assumptions as experience has changed from last year. The remaining $10 million relates to small losses across several lines.
Total incurred losses of $304 million for Global Reinsurance include positive development in prior period reserves of $20 million. Most of Global Reinsurance's reserves at December 31, 2002 relate to short-tail, catastrophe oriented lines where unpaid claims are set using a blend of market share analysis on industry loss reports and reported claims from customers. Initial loss reserve estimates are then revised as necessary to reflect the actual loss experience of the customer. During 2002, Global Reinsurance determined that the loss reserves carried on certain of its contracts related to the 1998 through 2001 accident years were in excess of the reserves required based on the latest assessment. This resulted in favorable prior year loss development. There were no changes in assumptions used in the reserving process in 2002.
Total incurred losses of $947 million for Financial Services include $30 million of prior period development principally from the ACE Financial Solutions International book, which comprises large, unique transactions, including LPTs. $12 million relates to the amortization of the deferred assets on the LPTs. The remaining amount principally relates to three accounts where recent information resulted in an increase in the total reserve positions for these accounts primarily for the 1998 through 2001 accident years.
Net losses and loss expenses incurred for the year ended December 31, 2001 include $94 million of prior year development principally in the Insurance - Overseas General segment. This development was reflected during the fourth quarter of 2001 when we recorded additional reserves to strengthen our casualty loss reserves.
Net losses and loss expenses incurred for the year ended December 31, 2000 include favorable development of reserves from prior periods of $60 million, primarily from the Global Reinsurance and Insurance - North American segments, partially offset by unfavorable development in the Financial Services segment.
41
The process of establishing reserves for P&C claims can be complex and imprecise as it requires the use of informed estimates and judgments. Our estimates and judgments may be revised as claims develop and as additional experience and other data become available and are reviewed, as new or improved methodologies are developed or as current laws change. As part of our evaluation process of loss reserves, we annually engage independent actuarial firms to review the methods and assumptions we use in estimating unpaid losses and loss expenses. These annual reviews cover different portions of our operating businesses on a rotating basis within each year and are an independent check on our loss reserves. In addition, the Insurance Department of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania required a biennial, external actuarial review when Brandywine was established. That review was completed during the first quarter of 2003. We continually evaluate our estimates of reserves in light of developing information and in light of discussions and negotiations with our insureds. While we believe that our reserve for unpaid losses and loss expenses at December 31, 2002 is adequate, new information or trends may lead to future developments in ultimate losses and loss expenses significantly greater or less than the reserve provided, which could have a material adverse effect on future operating results.
REINSURANCE
One of the ways we manage our loss exposure is through the use of reinsurance. While reinsurance agreements are designed to limit our losses from large exposures and to permit recovery of a portion of direct unpaid losses, reinsurance does not relieve us of our liability to our insureds. Accordingly, the loss and loss expense reserves on our balance sheet represent our total unpaid gross losses and the reinsurance recoverable represents anticipated recoveries of a portion of those gross unpaid losses as well as amounts recoverable from reinsurers with respect to claims paid. The table below presents our net reinsurance recoverable at December 31, 2002 and 2001.

(in millions of U.S. dollars)                            2002           2001
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reinsurance recoverable on paid losses
 and loss expenses                               $      1,363  $       1,067
Bad debt reserve on paid losses and loss
 expenses                                                (378)          (302)
Reinsurance recoverable on future policy
 benefits                                                   9              5
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses
 and loss expenses                                     13,558         11,115
Bad debt reserve on unpaid losses and loss
 expenses                                                (561)          (487)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net reinsurance recoverable                      $     13,991  $      11,398
============================================================================	

We evaluate the financial condition of our reinsurers and potential reinsurers on a regular basis and also monitor concentrations of credit risk with reinsurers. The provision for unrecoverable reinsurance is required principally due to the failure of reinsurers to indemnify us, primarily because of disputes under reinsurance contracts and insolvencies. Provisions have been established for amounts estimated to be uncollectible.
Following is a breakdown of our reinsurance recoverable on paid losses at December 31, 2002:

                                                     Bad Debt       % of Total
(in millions of U.S. Dollars)          Amount         Reserve          Reserve
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category:
General collections            $          848  $           43              5.1%
Other                                     515             335             65.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                          $        1,363  $          378             27.7%
==============================================================================

42	

General collections balances represent amounts in the process of collection in the normal course of business for which we have no indication of dispute or credit issues. We provide bad debt reserves based primarily on the application of historical loss experience to credit categories and historical dispute statistics.
The other category includes amounts recoverable that are in dispute or are from companies who are in supervision, rehabilitation or liquidation. Our estimation of this reserve considers the credit quality of the reinsurer and whether we have received collateral or other credit protections such as parental guarantees. In addition, for specific items in dispute, we make judments based on our knowledge and experience with a particular reinsurer.
The following tables provide a listing of our largest reinsurers with the first category representing the top 10 reinsurers and the second category representing the remaining reinsurers with balances greater than $20 million. The third category includes amounts due from over 2,500 companies, each having balances of less than $20 million. Our bad debt reserve in the three categories is principally based on an analysis of the credit quality of the reinsurer and collateral balances. The next category, mandatory pools and government agencies, includes amounts backed by the U.S. Government. Insurance companies are required by law to participate. We have assumed no bad debts or disputed amounts for this category. The fifth category, structured settlements, includes annuities purchased from life insurance companies to settle workers' compensation claims. These amounts are assigned principally to large, highly-rated life insurance companies. Since we retain the ultimate liability in the event that the assigned company fails to pay, we reflect the amount as a liability and as a recoverable for GAAP purposes. These amounts are not subject to dispute and we establish our bad debt reserve based on the credit quality of the life insurers. The next category, captives, includes companies established and owned by our insurance clients to assume a significant portion of their direct insurance risk from us,
i.e., they are structured to allow clients to self-insure a portion of their insurance risk. It is generally our policy to obtain collateral equal to expected losses; where appropriate, exceptions are granted, but only with review and sign-off at a senior officer level. Our final category, other, includes amounts recoverable that are in dispute, or are from companies that are in supervision, rehabilitation, or liquidation. We establish our bad debt reserve for these categories based on a case by case analysis of individual situations, including credit and collateral analysis and consideration of our collection experience in similar situations.
BREAKDOWN OF REINSURANCE RECOVERABLE

                                                      DECEMBER 31        Bad Debt
(in millions of U.S. dollars)                                2002         Reserve    % of Gross
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CATEGORIES
Top 10 reinsurers                                  $        7,732  $           93           1.2%
Other reinsurers balances greater than $20 million          2,519             175           6.9
Other reinsurers balances less than $20 million             1,590             148           9.3
Mandatory pools and government agencies                       771               4           0.5
Structured settlements                                        730               3           0.4
Captives                                                      786               4           0.5
Other                                                         802             512          63.8
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                              $       14,930  $          939           6.3%
===============================================================================================	

43

TOP 10 REINSURERS
AXA                                      Hannover Re                                   SCOR Group
Berkshire Hathaway Insurance Group       Lloyd's of London                             Swiss Re Group
Equitas                                  Munich Re                                     Zurich Financial Services Group
GE Global Insurance Group
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OTHER REINSURERS BALANCES GREATER THAN $20 MILLION

ABB Group                                Excess & Casualty Reinsurance Association     PMA Capital Insurance Company
Allianz Group                            Fairfax Financial                             RenaissanceRe Holdings Ltd
Allstate Financial                       FM Global Group                               Royal & Sun Alliance
American International Group             Gerling Group                                   Insurance Group plc
Aviva plc                                Hartford Insurance Group                      Sompo Japan Insurance Inc
Chubb Group of Insurance Companies       Independence Blue Cross (Amerihealth)         St. Paul Companies
CNA Insurance Companies                  IRB - Brasil Resseguros S.A.                  Toa Reinsurance Company
Converium Group                          Liberty Mutual Insurance Companies            Travelers Property Casualty Group
DaimlerChrysler Group                    Markel Corporation Group                      Trenwick Group
Dominion Ins. Co. Ltd.                   Overseas Partners Ltd.                        White Mountains Insurance Group
Dorinco Reinsurance Co.                  PartnerRe Group                               XL Capital Group
Everest Re Group	

ASBESTOS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CLAIMS
Included in our liabilities for losses and loss expenses are liabilities for asbestos, environmental and latent injury damage claims and expenses. These claims are principally related to claims arising from remediation costs associated with hazardous waste sites and bodily-injury claims related to asbestos products and environmental hazards. These amounts include provision for both reported and IBNR claims. In January 2003, we completed an internal review of our A&E reserves. This review resulted in increasing our gross A&E reserve, for the year ended December 31, 2002, by $2.2 billion, offset by $1.9 billion of reinsurance recoverable, including $533 million of reinsurance purchased from the National Indemnity Company ("NICO") as part of the acquisition of CIGNA's P&C business (the "ACE INA Acquisition"). After an addition to our bad debt provision of $145 million and our ten percent participation in the NICO cover, our net increase in exposure was determined to be $516 million ($354 million after income tax) and was recorded in the fourth quarter of 2002. The table below presents selected loss reserve data for A&E exposures at December 31, 2002 and 2001.

                                                DECEMBER 31, 2002              December 31, 2001
                                         -----------------------------  -----------------------------
(in millions of U.S. dollars)                     GROSS            NET           Gross            Net
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Asbestos                                 $        3,192 $          446  $        1,085  $         149
Environmental and other latent exposures          1,352            403           1,037            452
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                    $        4,544 $          849  $        2,122  $         601
=====================================================================================================	

Survival ratios attempt to measure the adequacy of A&E loss reserves by taking the current ending loss reserve and dividing by the average annual claim payments for the prior three years. We believe this to be a simplistic measure of a very complicated issue. However, we understand this ratio is used as a means to compare companies with A&E exposures. Thus, if we average our last three years of A&E claim payments and expect payments to continue at the same pace, our net survival ratio is 11.3 years. Using the 2001 calendar year payments, our net survival ratio is 12.0 years. More information relating to our asbestos exposure, including our asbestos reserving process follows.
44
BACKGROUND
Our exposure to asbestos principally arises out of liabilities acquired when we purchased the P&C business of CIGNA in 1999 and Westchester Specialty from Talegen in 1998. While we certainly have other insurance operations, exposure to asbestos liabilities is concentrated in these two areas of our business. Of these two areas, the larger and potentially more volatile exposure is contained within the liabilities acquired in the CIGNA transaction. These liabilities reside in the various subsidiaries of Brandywine, which was created in 1995 by the restructuring of CIGNA's domestic operations into separate ongoing and run-off operations. Certain competitors of ACE USA have challenged the regulatory approvals resulting in the creation of Brandywine. In July 1999, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court upheld the action of the Pennsylvania Insurance Commissioner in granting such approvals. In December 1999, certain of our competitors filed an action in the Superior Court of California alleging that the restructuring did not meet the requirements of certain California statutes. The case is in the preliminary stages of litigation.
As part of the acquisition of the CIGNA P&C business, NICO provided reinsurance protection against adverse development for the aggregate liabilities of Brandywine, including environmental and asbestos liabilities. In the fourth quarter of 2002, we increased our A&E reserves, exhausting the NICO reinsurance cover protecting Brandywine.
As part of the acquisition of the Westchester business, NICO provided reinsurance protection for adverse development for all losses occurring prior to 1997. At December 31, 2002, the remaining limit in the NICO reinsurance cover protecting ACE Westchester Specialty was approximately $600 million. None of the recent increase to reserves is attributable to Westchester's asbestos liabilities.
PAYING FOR THE UNIMPAIRED
A large majority of asbestos cases are dominated by claimants who are not physically sick by any accepted medical standard. Reports of pending claims by two major asbestos manufacturers in 2001 indicate that at least two-thirds are for harmless conditions with no evidence of impairment. Court decisions and legislation have begun to address the unimpaired claimants' situation and the strain it puts on resources available to compensate truly impaired claimants. For instance, the federal judge presiding over all federal asbestos cases has dismissed without prejudice any and all claims that do not have an actual medical diagnosis of any asbestos-related disease. In addition, states such as Massachusetts, Maryland and Pennsylvania defer unimpaired claims until actual injury is demonstrated.
Traditional tort common law prohibits compensation for emotional injuries without proof of objective manifestation of the injury. To date, unimpaired claimants have tended to receive compensation as part of large settlement pools in which unimpaired claimants are packaged by plaintiffs' lawyers along with seriously injured claimants whose presence in the pool yields heightened compensation for the entire pool. We believe that a high level of concern by (1) a judiciary facing dockets crowded with asbestos claims; (2) some prominent plaintiffs' lawyers worrying about fair compensation for the truly injured, who are becoming a diminishing percentage of all asbestos claims; and (3) defendants with peripheral contact to asbestos facing financial ruin should result in unimpaired claimants being required to prove injury under traditional common law standards.
PERIPHERAL AND UNIDENTIFIED ASBESTOS DEFENDANTS
The inability of the tort system to manage and resolve asbestos cases fairly has resulted in a large number of bankruptcies of asbestos defendants - over 60 at last count. Bankruptcy courts may provide a rational and workable claims administration facility for many asbestos defendants overwhelmed with claims, the majority of which are filed on behalf of unimpaired claimants. When the most culpable asbestos defendants file for bankruptcy, the remaining defendants become targets. Since the bankruptcy process may eliminate the defendants with the highest percentage of asbestos-related liability, claimants proceed against the peripheral co-defendants to force them to pick up the bankrupts' shares of liability.
The issue for the co-defendants is whether the applicable state law makes them liable on a joint and several basis for the entire claim, including the bankrupt companies' shares of liability. Most states have enacted laws limiting at least some of the financial exposure for marginally responsible parties to the percentage of fault actually assigned those parties at trial. In the context of the Federal Employers' Liability Act ("FELA"), the United States Supreme Court, in the Norfolk & Western Railway v. Ayers case,
45
is considering whether to limit the liability of peripheral defendants as well as compensation for the unimpaired. We believe that a Supreme Court ruling on the merits of the claims, and supporting analysis, could be influential on state courts dealing with similar issues.
Claimants' lawyers have been looking for new sources of compensation to relieve the pressure on limited resources caused by bankruptcies and unimpaired claims far beyond the original asbestos and building material defendants. A 2002 report of the RAND Institute for Civil Justice estimates that over 6,000 different defendants representing peripheral industries such as manufacturers of food and beverage, textiles, paper, glass, iron and steel and durable metal goods have already been sued. In view of the large number of defendants already identified in hugely diverse industries after years of research, we believe that most legitimate defendants with serious asbestos liability have been identified, although we are unable to predict the extent to which peripheral defendants with decreasing degrees of potential liability may be named in future suits.
INSUREDS
Information about our insureds with asbestos liability is set forth below (gross paid and gross reserves are shown in millions of U.S. dollars).

                                                                                            Percentage          Gross     Three Year
                                                              Number of     Gross Paid  of Total Gross       Reserves   Net Survival
                                                          Policyholders    2000 - 2002     2000 - 2002   Dec 31, 2002          Ratio
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
60 major asbestos manufacturers/producers
Resolved with payment                                                18   $        112              17%  $          -              -
Reserved at policy limits or settlement amounts                      15             71              10            192            8.1
Reserved at policy limits and provision for non-products              3             28               4             69            7.4
Other                                                                14             84              12            230            8.2
No known policies                                                    10              -               -              -              -
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                60   $        295              43%  $        491            5.0
Other direct exposures with estimated
 liability (greater than) $2 million                                 75            150              22            670           13.4
Other direct exposures with estimated
 liability (less than) $2 million                                 1,491             49               7             65            4.0
Assumed reinsurance                                                   -            186              28            762           12.3
IBNR not allocated                                                    -              -               -            730              -
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                             1,626   $        680             100%  $      2,718           12.0
====================================================================================================================================
Three year net survival ratio eliminating the 60 major asbestos
 manufacturers/producers                                                                                                        17.3
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	

RESERVING PROCESS
We conduct a reserve review of our asbestos reserves on a quarterly basis. This reserve review includes a detailed individual claim review and analysis of the policies at issue, legal precedents, and our asbestos settlement history as well as factual and investigative developments. Our latest review by an internal task force included a comprehensive re-evaluation of claims as of September 2002. This included a review of:
. the pending claim inventory and the projection of future filings;
. the characterization of injury types and the projected future distribution by injury type;
. the total coverage profile for the account and our share of that coverage profile;
. products and non-products exposures;
. bankruptcy status and jurisdiction; and
. the external actuarial estimate of unpaid liabilities.
46
This evaluation process included a detailed review of assumptions relating to projections of future new defendants and non-product exposures were identified and reserved as part of the task force process.
In addition to our internal review of asbestos reserves, the normal, biennial, reserve review by an internationally-known, actuarial consulting firm, required by the Pennsylvania Insurance Department when Brandywine was established, was recently completed. Our asbestos reserves, taking into account the additions for the quarter ended December 31, 2002, represent the high end of our internal task force's indication of range of liability and is consistent with the best estimate of the external actuary retained by the Pennsylvania Insurance Department.
In the context of our asbestos reviews, many risk factors are considered. For the purpose of establishing our asbestos reserves, significant variables include assumptions with respect to payments to unimpaired claimants and the liability of peripheral defendants.
In establishing reserves for periods prior to the fourth quarter of 2002, we assumed that significant additional state judicial or legislative reform would substantially eliminate payments to future claimants who are not physically impaired. The fourth quarter reserve additions were based on the more conservative assumption that there will be no future state or federal asbestos reform. Therefore, the booked asbestos reserves do not reflect any anticipated changes in the legal, social or economic environment or any benefit from future legislative reforms.
The vast majority of the reserve increase in the fourth quarter of 2002 is due to the strengthening of the IBNR provision for peripheral defendants and future increases in severity.
We also consider multiple recoveries by claimants against various defendants; the ability of a claimant to bring a claim in a state in which they have no residency or exposure; the ability of a policyholder to claim the right to non-products coverage; and whether high level excess policies have the potential to be accessed given the policyholders claim trends and liability situation. The results in other asbestos cases announced by other carriers may very well have little or no relevance to us because other coverage exposures are highly dependent upon the specific facts of individual coverage and resolution status of disputes among carrier, policyholder and claimants.
Based on the policies, the facts, the law and a careful analysis of the impact that these risk factors will likely have on any given account, management estimates the potential liability for indemnity, policyholder defense costs and coverage litigation expense. There are many complex variables that are considered when estimating the reserves for our inventory of asbestos accounts. The variables involved may directly impact the predicted outcome. Sometimes, the outcomes change significantly based on a small change in one risk factor related to just one account.
Our current asbestos reserves are based upon an assessment of our policies, legal precedents and investigative facts, and how the various risk factors are likely to be played out as those issues are litigated. While reserving for these claims is inherently uncertain, we believe that the net loss reserves carried for these claims are adequate. Our reserve review process involves a continual evaluation of cases taking into account all currently known information as well as reasonable assumptions related to unknown information. When facts and circumstance change, including the impact of the risk factors, changes are made to reflect overall reserve adequacy. It is possible that adverse developments could cause us to re-evaluate our assumptions. This could lead us to further increase our asbestos related reserves, which could have a material adverse effect on our future operating results, financial position and liquidity.
INTER-COMPANY OBLIGATIONS
As stated above, our exposure to asbestos arises principally out of liabilities acquired in connection with the CIGNA and Westchester transactions, with the larger exposure resting in the various Brandywine subsidiaries. Pursuant to the restructuring order that created Brandywine, the obligations of the active insurance subsidiaries of ACE INA (which do not include the companies acquired in the Westchester transaction) with respect to Brandywine's asbestos liabilities are limited to specific amounts which are payable only if certain conditions are met. The Brandywine restructuring order does not impose liability for Brandywine obligations on any of our entities other than Brandywine and the above-described regulatory requirements imposed on the active insurance subsidiaries of ACE INA.
47
In accordance with the Brandywine restructuring order, INA Financial Corporation has established a dividend retention fund consisting of $50 million, plus investment earnings, which it must contribute to Century Indemnity, a Brandywine subsidiary, if Century Indemnity's capital and surplus falls below $25 million or if Century Indemnity lacks liquid assets with which to pay claims as they become due. The dividend retention fund was created by withholding a portion of the dividends paid by the active ACE INA insurance subsidiaries to INA Financial Corporation, through their parent holding companies, and further paid by INA Financial Corporation to its parent company, INA Corporation. At December 31, 2002, Century Indemnity's capital and surplus fell below $25 million and the full balance of the dividend retention fund principal and the interest was contributed to Century Indemnity. To the extent in the future that dividends are paid by the active ACE INA insurance subsidiaries to INA Financial Corporation through their parent holding companies, and to the extent that INA Financial Corporation then pays such dividends to INA Corporation, a portion of those dividends must be withheld to replenish the principal of the dividend retention fund to $50 million within five years. The obligations to maintain the dividend retention fund and to replenish the fund, to the extent future dividends are paid, are ongoing until ACE INA receives prior written approval from the Pennsylvania Commissioner of Insurance permitting termination of the fund.
In addition, under the terms of the Brandywine restructuring order, the active ACE INA insurance subsidiaries are obligated to provide reinsurance coverage to Century Indemnity in the amount of $800 million under an aggregate excess of loss reinsurance agreement if the capital and surplus of Century Indemnity falls below $25 million or if Century Indemnity lacks liquid assets with which to pay claims as they become due. The active ACE INA insurance subsidiaries would first contribute amounts from the dividend retention fund to Century Indemnity before the aggregate excess of loss reinsurance agreement would be triggered, so the minimum capital and surplus level for reinsurance purposes will be calculated after giving effect to the dividend retention fund contribution. At December 31, 2002, coverage under the aggregate excess of loss reinsurance agreement was triggered, following contribution of the dividend retention fund. Approximately $466 million in losses were ceded to the aggregate excess of loss reinsurance agreement at December 31, 2002, leaving a remaining limit of coverage under the aggregate excess of loss reinsurance agreement of approximately $334 million.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
LIQUIDITY
Liquidity is a measure of a company's ability to generate sufficient cash flows to meet the short-term and long-term cash requirements of its business operations. As a holding company, ACE's assets consist primarily of the stock of its subsidiaries as well as other investments. In addition to net investment income, our cash flows currently depend primarily on dividends or other statutorily permissible payments from our Bermuda-based operating subsidiaries, ("Bermuda subsidiaries"). During the year ended December 31, 2002, we were able to meet all of our obligations, including the payment of dividends declared on our Ordinary Shares and FELINE PRIDES, with our net cash flow and dividends received. Should the need arise, we have access to the debt markets and other available credit facilities which are discussed below.
There are currently no legal restrictions on the payment of dividends from retained earnings by our Bermuda subsidiaries, as the minimum statutory capital and surplus requirements are satisfied by the share capital and additional paid-in capital of each of the Bermuda subsidiaries. However, the payment of dividends or other statutorily permissible distributions by our Bermuda subsidiaries is subject to the need to maintain shareholders' equity at levels adequate to support the insurance and reinsurance operations. During 2002, ACE Bermuda declared and paid dividends of $345 million, compared with $234 million in 2001. ACE Tempest Life Re declared and paid dividends in 2002 of $140 million compared with $105 million in 2001. We expect that a majority of our cash inflows for 2003 will be from our Bermuda subsidiaries. We assess which subsidiaries to draw dividends from based on a number of factors. Considerations such as regulatory and legal restrictions as well as the subsidiary's financial condition are paramount to the dividend decision.
48
The payments of dividends from our non-Bermuda based operating subsidiaries are also subject to laws and regulations, which vary by jurisdiction. The payment of any dividends from ACE Global Markets or its subsidiaries would be subject to applicable U.K. insurance laws and regulations including those promulgated by the Society of Lloyd's. ACE INA's and ACE Financial Services' U.S. insurance subsidiaries may pay dividends, without prior regulatory approval, only from earned surplus and subject to certain annual limitations and the maintenance of a minimum capital requirement. ACE INA's international subsidiaries are also subject to various insurance laws and regulations in the countries in which they operate. These laws and regulations include restrictions that limit the amount of dividends that can be paid without prior approval of the insurance regulatory authorities.
We did not receive any dividends in 2002 from ACE Global Markets, ACE INA or ACE Financial Services nor do we expect to receive dividends from these subsidiaries during 2003. Under the Lloyd's accounting model, syndicates in Lloyd's operate each year as an annual venture. Each "year of account" is held open for three years. At the end of three years, the "year of account" purchases reinsurance from the next open year (this purchase is known as "reinsurance to close" or "RITC") and distributes the remaining funds to the investors in the syndicate. ACE Global Markets has historically reinvested these funds in operations. ACE INA has issued debt to provide partial financing for the ACE INA Acquisition and for other operating needs. This debt is serviced by dividends paid by ACE INA's insurance subsidiaries to ACE INA as well as other group resources. ACE Financial Services' U.S. insurance subsidiaries are limited in their dividend paying abilities due to their need to maintain their AA and AAA financial strength ratings.
Our consolidated sources of funds consist primarily of net premiums written, net investment income and proceeds from sales and maturities of investments. Funds are used primarily to pay claims, operating expenses, dividends and for the purchase of investments. After satisfying our cash requirements, excess cash flows from these underwriting and investing activities are used to build the investment portfolio and thereby increase future net investment income.
Our insurance and reinsurance operations provide liquidity in that premiums are received in advance, sometimes substantially in advance, of the time claims are paid. Our consolidated net cash flow from operating activities was $2.4 billion in 2002 compared with $1.4 billion in 2001. The positive operating cash flows were generated from an increase of $1.7 billion in net premiums written and strong insurance and reinsurance balances receivable collections across all of our business segments during the current year, offset by an increase in net losses and loss expenses paid of $200 million. Generally cash flows are affected by claim payments which, due to the nature of our operations, may comprise large loss payments on a limited number of claims and therefore can fluctuate significantly from year to year. The irregular timing of these loss payments can create significant variations in cash flows from operations between periods. Sources of liquidity include cash from operations, financing arrangements or routine sales of investments. Although our ongoing operations continue to generate positive cash flows, our cash flows are currently impacted by a large book of loss reserves from businesses in run-off. The run-off operations generated negative cash flows of $525 million and $614 million in 2002 and 2001, respectively, due primarily to claim payments. The run-off book of business continues to require cash to meet its liabilities and cash flows are very dependent on the timing of claim settlements.
Both internal and external forces influence our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Claim settlements, premium levels and investment returns may be impacted by changing rates of inflation and other economic conditions. In many cases, significant periods of time, ranging up to several years or more, may lapse between the occurrence of an insured loss, the reporting of the loss to us and the settlement of the liability for that loss. We believe that our cash balances, cash flow from operations, routine sales of investments and the liquidity provided by our credit facilities (discussed below) are adequate to meet expected cash requirements.
49
ACE and its subsidiaries have debt and insurance ratings from internationally recognized rating agencies, including S&P, A.M. Best, Moody's Investors Service ("Moody's") and Fitch IBCA. The ratings issued on our companies by any of these agencies are announced publicly and are available on our website and from the agencies.
Financial strength (insurance) ratings represent the opinions of the rating agencies on the financial strength of a company and its capacity to meet the obligations of insurance policies. Independent ratings are one of the important factors that establish our competitive position in the insurance markets. The rating agencies consider many factors in determining a financial strength rating of an insurance company, including the relative level of statutory surplus necessary to support the business operations of the company. These ratings are based upon factors relevant to policyholders, agents and intermediaries and are not directed toward the protection of investors. Such ratings are not recommendations to buy, sell or hold securities.
Debt ratings include ratings for short-term and long-term debt as well as preferred stock. These ratings are assessments of the likelihood that we will make timely payments of principal and interest as well as preferred stock dividends.
It is possible that, in the future, one or more of the rating agencies may reduce our existing ratings. If one or more of our ratings were downgraded, we could incur higher borrowing costs and our ability to access the capital markets could be impacted. In addition, our insurance and reinsurance operations could be adversely impacted by a downgrade in our financial strength ratings, including a possible reduction in demand for our products in certain markets.
Throughout 2002, all of our financial strength and debt ratings remained unchanged. Following our announcement on January 27, 2003 that our fourth quarter results would include a charge to strengthen A&E loss reserves, certain rating agencies took actions with regard to our ratings.
. On January 30, 2003, S&P placed our financial strength and debt ratings on "watch with negative implications" and confirmed our existing commercial paper rating. On March 21, 2003, S&P affirmed the financial strength ratings of our ongoing operating subsidiaries while lowering the financial strength rating of Century Indemnity, which is part of our Brandywine run-off group. S&P also lowered our senior debt and issuer credit ratings to reflect standard notching under S&P's criteria and their belief that our earnings capacity has not been predictable enough for us to operate at an additional (non-standard) financial risk level. We anticipated and accepted the return to a standard notching between our financial strength and debt ratings as a result of our growth in current market conditions.
. On January 27, 2003, Moody's placed our debt ratings on "watch with negative implications".
. On January 29, 2003, Fitch placed all of the debt and financial strength ratings of ACE INA Holdings and its subsidiaries on "ratings watch negative". They also downgraded Brandywine.
CAPITAL RESOURCES
Capital resources consist of funds deployed or available to be deployed to support our business operations. The following table summarizes the components of our capital resources at December 31, 2002, 2001, and 2000.

(in millions of U.S. dollars)                      2002            2001           2000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Shareholder's equity                     $        6,389  $        6,107  $       5,420
Mezzanine equity                                    311             311            311
Trust preferred securities                          475             875            875
Long-term debt                                    1,749           1,349          1,424
Short-term debt                                     146             495            365
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total capitalization                     $        9,070  $        9,137  $       8,395
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ratio of debt to total capitalization              20.9%           20.2%          21.3%
======================================================================================	

50
We believe our financial strength provides us with the flexibility and capacity to obtain funds externally through debt or equity financing on both a short-term and long-term basis. Our ability to access the capital markets is dependent on, among other things, market conditions and our perceived financial strength. We have accessed both the debt and equity markets from time to time. Historically, this has been primarily in connection with acquisitions, although we did issue Ordinary Shares in October 2001 to provide additional capital to support growth in our operations. Also, in March 2002, we issued $500 million of senior debt, primarily to repay our short-term debt and for general corporate purposes. As of December 31, 2002, we had reduced short-term debt by $349 million from the level at December 31, 2001. This decrease included the repayment of $75 million ACE Financial Services debt, which matured in November 2002.
In addition, we repaid $100 million of ACE INA Subordinated Notes due 2009 during 2002. We paid prepayment premiums of $17 million (after tax) to retire the ACE INA Notes. These costs were mostly attributable to the decrease in interest rates since the original note was issued.
In January 2003, we announced our intention to issue between $300 million and $500 million of additional debt or trust preferred securities. We expect to issue the new securities following resolution of the current reviews by rating agencies. We will use the proceeds from the issuance to increase the capital in certain of our U.S. operating subsidiaries following our fourth quarter charge to strengthen our A&E loss reserves.
In 1999, ACE RHINOS Trust sold, in a private placement, $400 million of Auction Rate Reset Preferred Securities ("Preferred Securities") that became due in September 2002. The sole assets of the Trust consisted of $412 million of Auction Rate Reset Subordinated Notes Series A issued by ACE INA. During 2002, we repaid the $400 million in principal amount of Preferred Securities reducing our trust preferred security balance to $475 million.
In addition, in 1999, we filed a registration statement with the SEC utilizing a "shelf" registration process relating to a number of different types of debt and equity securities. We have utilized the shelf to issue the mezzanine equity, the trust preferred securities, the short-term and long-term debt, as well as the equity offerings of $400 million in 2000 and $1.1 billion in 2001. At December 31, 2002, the amount available under this shelf filing was $127 million. In 2002, we filed a new shelf allowing us to sell securities up to a total offering price of $1.5 billion. This became effective in February 2003.
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
The following table analyzes the movements in our shareholders' equity for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001, and 2000.

(in millions of U.S. dollars)                                   2002            2001           2000
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance - beginning of year                           $        6,107  $        5,420  $       4,451
Net income (loss)                                                 77            (147)           543
Change in net unrealized appreciation on investments             339              35            186
Dividends declared - Ordinary Shares                            (173)           (138)          (113)
Dividends declared - Mezzanine equity                            (26)            (26)           (18)
Other movements, net                                              65              15            (29)
Ordinary Shares issued in share offering                           -           1,127            400
Repurchase of Ordinary Shares                                      -            (179)             -
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance - end of year                                 $        6,389  $        6,107  $       5,420
===================================================================================================	

51
Our diluted book value per share increased to $24.16 at December 31, 2002 compared with $23.59 at December 31, 2001. In calculating our diluted book value per share, we include in-the-money options together with the expected number of shares to be issued upon conversion of the FELINE PRIDES in the denominator and the expected proceeds from these items in the numerator. Shareholders' equity increased by $282 million during the year ended December 31, 2002, due primarily to our net income and unrealized gains on our investment portfolio, offset by dividends declared.
As part of our capital management program, in November 2001, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of any ACE issued debt or capital securities including Ordinary Shares, up to $250 million. At December 31, 2002, this authorization had not been utilized.
On January 11, 2002 and April 12, 2002, we paid dividends of 15 cents per share to shareholders of record on December 31, 2001 and March 29, 2002, respectively. On July 12, 2002, October 11, 2002, and January 10, 2003 we paid dividends of 17 cents per share to shareholders of record on June 28, 2002, September 27, 2002, and December 27, 2002, respectively. We have paid dividends each quarter since we became a public company in 1993. However, the declaration, payment and value of future dividends is at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will be dependent upon our profits, financial requirements and other factors, including legal restrictions on the payment of dividends and such other factors as our Board of Directors deems relevant.
MEZZANINE EQUITY
On April 12, 2000, we publicly offered and issued 6,000,000 FELINE PRIDES. Underwriters exercised their over allotment option, which resulted in the issuance of an additional 221,000 FELINE PRIDES on May 8, 2000, for aggregate net proceeds of $311 million. Each FELINE PRIDE initially consists of a unit referred to as an Income PRIDE. Each Income PRIDE consists of (i) one 8.25 percent Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Share, Series A, liquidation preference $50 per share, and (ii) a purchase contract pursuant to which the holder of the Income PRIDE agrees to purchase from us, on May 16, 2003, $311 million of Ordinary Shares at the applicable settlement rate.
At maturity on May 16, 2003, if the market price of our Ordinary Shares is:
. less than $18.9563, then we will issue 16.4 million Ordinary Shares, representing an issuance of 1.8991 Ordinary Shares per preferred share;
. between $18.9563 and $26.3281, then we will issue Ordinary Shares at market price, representing a 1:1 issuance of Ordinary Shares to preferred shares;
. more than $26.3281, then we will issue 11.8 million Ordinary Shares, representing an issuance of 2.637 Ordinary Shares per preferred share.
The aggregate liquidation preference of the 8.25 percent Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Shares is $311 million. Unless deferred by us, the preferred shares pay dividends quarterly at a rate of 8.25 percent per year to May 16, 2003, and thereafter at the reset rate established pursuant to a re-marketing procedure. Under the re-marketing procedure, if a holder of a preferred share does not wish to cash settle his purchase contract obligation, he may return the preferred share to be re-marketed, which essentially means the preferred share is re-priced and sold into the market for one month. The proceeds of the sale are then used to satisfy the purchase contract obligation. The holder can also choose to cash settle, keep the preferred share and receive the new rate established for the month on the trust-preferred securities. If we elect to defer dividend payments on the preferred shares, the dividends will continue to accrue and we will be restricted from paying dividends on our Ordinary Shares and taking certain other actions. The preferred shares are not redeemable prior to June 16, 2003, on which date they must be redeemed by us in whole.
There will be no net cash flows to us as the cash received from the sale of the Ordinary Shares in the remarketing procedure will be equal to the cash required to redeem the preferred shares one month later.
52
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS AND COMMITMENTS
The table below shows our contractual obligations and commitments including our payments due by period.
PAYMENTS DUE BY PERIOD

                                                                       Less than                                      After 5
(in millions of U.S. dollars)                             Total           1 Year      1-3 Years       4-5 Years         Years
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Contract holder deposit funds                    $           90  $            26  $          31  $           19  $         14
Operating leases                                            418               75            132              73           138
Short-term debt                                             146              146              -               -             -
Long-term debt                                            1,749                -            400             799           550
Trust preferred securities                                  475                -              -               -           475
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total contractual obligations and commitments    $        2,878  $           247  $         563  $          891  $      1,177
=============================================================================================================================	

CONTRACT HOLDER DEPOSIT FUNDS
Contract holder deposit funds represents a liability for investment contracts sold that do not meet the definition of an insurance contract under FAS No. 97, "Accounting and Reporting by Insurance Enterprises for Certain Long-Duration Contracts". The investment contracts are sold with a guaranteed rate of return. The proceeds are then invested with the intent of realizing a greater return than is called for in the investment contracts.
OPERATING LEASE COMMITMENTS
We lease office space in most countries in which we operate under operating leases that expire at various dates through January 2018. We renew and enter into new leases in the ordinary course of business as required.
SHORT-TERM DEBT
In June 1999, we arranged certain commercial paper programs. The programs use revolving credit facilities as back-up facilities and provide for up to $2.8 billion in commercial paper issuance (subject to the availability of back-up facilities, which currently total $750 million) for ACE and for ACE INA. During the year ended December 31, 2002, we substantially reduced our use of commercial paper.
From time to time, we also use securities repurchase agreements as a source of short-term liquidity. Under these repurchase agreements, we agree to sell securities and repurchase them at a future date for a predetermined price, thereby creating liquidity. The covenants of our existing credit facilities limit our borrowing under repurchase agreements to $800 million. At December 31, 2001, we had $395 million in borrowings outstanding under repurchase agreements with various brokers. We had used the proceeds of these repurchase transactions to repay bank borrowings drawn subsequent to the September 11 tragedy and maturing commercial paper. During 2002, we repaid the amounts owed to brokers under securities repurchase transactions with the proceeds raised from the issuance of commercial paper and internal liquidity. At December 31, 2002, there were no amounts due to brokers under these arrangements.
LONG-TERM DEBT
Our total long-term debt of $1.7 billion is described in Note 9 of our Consolidated Financial Statements. During the first quarter of 2002, we issued $500 million, five-year senior debt, with a coupon rate of 6.0 percent, due April 1, 2007. These senior unsecured notes rank equally with all of our other senior obligations. The agreement governing this senior debt contains a customary limitation on liens as well as customary event of default provisions, which if breached, could accelerate the maturity of such senior debt. The proceeds were used for general corporate purposes and to reduce other debt as described in the Capital Resources section. These notes are not redeemable before maturity and do not have the benefit of any sinking fund.
53
The following instruments have specific collateral triggers. In 1998, ACE US Holdings issued $250 million of unsecured senior notes that mature in October 2008. In December 1999, ACE INA issued $300 million of unsecured subordinated notes that mature in December 2009. We repaid $100 million of this outstanding amount during 2002. We have a $450 million credit default swap in place that has the economic effect of reducing our cost of borrowing associated with these two issuances. Fixed maturity securities totaling approximately $242 million are pledged as collateral in connection with the credit default swap.
Under these two issuances, we would be required to provide collateral of $250 million and $200 million, respectively, if S&P downgraded our debt rating to BB+ or lower, or downgraded ACE Bermuda's financial strength rating to BBB- or lower. Although there can be no assurance, we believe it is unlikely that either of these two events will occur. In the event that we terminate either of the swaps prematurely, we would be liable for certain transaction costs. The counter-party in each swap is a highly rated major financial institution and management does not anticipate non-performance.
TRUST PREFERRED SECURITIES
During 1999 and 2000, we issued $800 million of trust preferred securities of which $400 million matured and was repaid in 2002. The funds generated from these issues were used to partially finance the ACE INA Acquisition. The securities outstanding consist of:
(i) $400 million company-obligated mandatorily redeemable preferred shares ($100 million and $300 million) issued by two business trusts wholly owned by us, and
(ii) $75 million of monthly income preferred securities issued by one of our subsidiary limited liability companies.
Each of the three remaining series of preferred securities was issued by a special purpose entity that is wholly owned by us; two trusts and a limited liability company. The sole assets of the special purpose entities are debt instruments issued by one or more of our subsidiaries. The special purpose entities look to payments on the debt instruments to make payments on the preferred securities. We have guaranteed the payments on these debt securities. The trustees of the trusts and the managers of the limited liability company include one or more of our officers and at least one independent trustee or manager, such as a bank or trust company. Our officers serving as trustees of the trusts or managers of the limited liability company do not receive any compensation or other remuneration for their services in such capacity. The full $475 million of outstanding preferred stock is shown on our consolidated balance sheet as a liability. Additional information with respect to the preferred securities is contained in Note 9 of our Consolidated Financial Statements.
CREDIT FACILITIES
In April 2002, we renewed, at substantially the same terms, our $800 million, 364-day revolving credit facility. This facility, together with our $250 million, five-year revolving credit facility, which was last renewed in May 2000, is available for general corporate purposes and each of the facilities may also be used for commercial paper back up. The five-year facility also permits the issuance of letters of credit. At December 31, 2002, the outstanding LOC issued under this facility was $64 million and no other drawings or LOCs are issued under this facility. In September 2002, we reduced the amount of our 364-day facility from $800 million to $500 million. The higher amount was no longer required given our decreased use of commercial paper and our access to repurchase agreement financing. We are currently negotiating the annual renewal of our 364-day facility.
In November 2002, to fulfill the requirements of Lloyd's for open years of account, we renewed our uncollateralized, five-year LOC facility for (pound)380 million (approximately $619 million). We provide funds at Lloyd's, primarily in the form of LOCs, to support underwriting capacity for Lloyd's Syndicate 2488. Syndicate 2488 has a 2003 capacity of (pound)725 million (approximately $1.2 billion). In addition to the covenants noted below, the facility requires that collateral be posted if the financial strength rating of the guarantor, ACE Bermuda, falls to S&P BBB+ or less.
54
As our Bermuda subsidiaries are not admitted insurers and reinsurers in the U.S., the terms of certain insurance and reinsurance contracts require them to provide LOCs to clients. In addition, ACE Global Markets is required to satisfy certain U.S. regulatory trust fund requirements which can be met by the issuance of LOCs. In September 2002, we arranged a $500 million unsecured, one-year LOC facility for general business purposes, including the issuance of insurance and reinsurance LOCs. This facility replaced a then existing LOC facility in the amount of $450 million. Usage under this facility was $455 million at December 31, 2002 compared with $373 million at December 31, 2001. In September 2002, we also arranged a $350 million secured, one year LOC facility for general business purposes, including the issuance of insurance and reinsurance LOCs. This facility replaced an LOC facility originally arranged in December 2001 in the amount of $500 million. Usage under this facility was $276 million at December 31, 2002 and $130 million at December 31, 2001. The LOCs issued under both of these facilities principally support unpaid losses and loss expenses already included in our balance sheet.
All of the facilities described above require that we maintain certain covenants. These covenants include:
(i) maintenance of a minimum consolidated net worth covenant of not less than $3.6 billion plus 25 percent of cumulative net income since March 31, 2000; and
(ii) maintenance of a maximum debt to total capitalization ratio of not greater than 0.35 to 1. Under this covenant, debt does not include trust preferred securities or mezzanine equity, except where the ratio of the sum of trust preferred securities and mezzanine equity to total capitalization is greater than 15 percent. In this circumstance, the amount greater than 15 percent would be included in the debt to total capitalization ratio.
At December 31, 2002, (a) the minimum consolidated net worth requirement under the covenant described in (i) above was $3.8 billion and our actual consolidated net worth as calculated under that covenant was $5.9 billion; and
(b) our ratio of debt to total capitalization was 0.209 to 1.
Our failure to comply with the covenants under any credit facility would (subject to grace periods in the case of certain covenants) result in an event of default and we could be required to repay any outstanding borrowings (or to cash collateralize letters of credit) under such facility. An event of default under one or more credit facilities with outstanding credit extensions of $25 million or more would result in an event of default under all of the facilities described above.
ACE Tempest Re also maintained an uncollateralized, syndicated revolving credit facility in the amount of $72.5 million, which was guaranteed by us. This facility expired in February of 2002 and was not renewed. No amounts had been drawn on this facility.
At December 31, 2002, ACE Guaranty Corp. was party to a non-recourse credit facility which provides up to $175 million specifically supporting the company's municipal portfolio and designed to provide rating agency qualified capital to support ACE Guaranty Corp's. claims paying resources. During 2002, the facility's expiry date was extended to November 2009. ACE Guaranty Corp. has not borrowed under this credit facility. In 2002, ACE Guaranty Corp. entered into a $100 million, 364-day revolving credit facility that expires on May 28, 2003. The facility is available for general corporate purposes. ACE Guaranty Corp. has not borrowed under this credit facility.
We also maintain various other LOC facilities, both collateralized and uncollateralized, for general corporate purposes. At December 31, 2002, the aggregate availability under these facilities was $521 million and usage was $405 million.
55
Item 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
MARKET SENSITIVE INSTRUMENTS AND RISK MANAGEMENT
Market risk represents the potential for loss due to adverse changes in the fair value of financial instruments. We are exposed to potential loss to various market risks, including changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. Our investment portfolio consists of both fixed income and equity securities, denominated in both U.S. and foreign currencies, which are sensitive to changes in interest rates, equity prices and foreign currency exchange rates. Therefore earnings would be affected by changes in interest rates, equity prices and foreign currency exchange rates. We use investment derivative instruments such as financial futures, options, interest rate swaps, and foreign currency forward contracts to manage the duration of our investment portfolio and foreign currency exposures. These instruments are sensitive to changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. The portfolio includes other market sensitive instruments, which are subject to changes in market values with changes in interest rates.
DURATION MANAGEMENT AND MARKET EXPOSURE MANAGEMENT
We use financial futures, options, interest rate swaps and foreign currency forward contracts for the purpose of managing certain investment portfolio exposures. These instruments are recognized as assets or liabilities in our consolidated financial statements and changes in market value are included in net realized gains or losses on investments in the consolidated statements of operations.
Our exposure to interest rate risk is concentrated in our investment portfolio, and to a lesser extent, our debt obligations. A hypothetical adverse parallel shift in the yield curve of 100 basis points would have resulted in a decrease in total return of 3.1 percent on our fixed income portfolio in 2002 compared with a decrease of 3.2 percent in 2001. This equates to a decrease in market value of approximately $488 million on a fixed income portfolio valued at $15.7 billion at December 31, 2002, and $452 million on a fixed income portfolio valued at $14.2 billion at December 31, 2001. An immediate time horizon was used as this presents the worst case scenario.
Our portfolio of equity securities, which we carry on our balance sheet at fair value, has exposure to price risk. This risk is defined as the potential loss in fair value resulting from adverse changes in stock prices. In addition, we attain exposure to the equity markets through the use of derivative instruments which also have exposure to price risk. Our U.S. equity exposure in the portfolio is highly correlated with the S&P 500 index and changes in this index would approximate the impact on our portfolio. Our international equity portfolio has exposure to a broad range of non-U.S. equity markets, primarily in those countries where we have insurance operations. These portfolios are correlated to movement in each country's broad equity market. The combined equity exposure through both our equity portfolio and derivative instruments was valued at $603 million at December 31, 2002. A hypothetical 10 percent decline in the price of each stock in these portfolios and the index correlated to the derivative instruments would have resulted in a $60 million decline in fair value. Changes in fair value of these derivative instruments are recorded as realized gains or losses in the consolidated statements of operations. Changes in the fair value of our equity portfolio are recorded as unrealized appreciation (depreciation) and are included as other comprehensive income in shareholders' equity.
Our exposure to foreign exchange risk is concentrated in our net invested assets denominated in foreign currencies. Our international operations use cash flows to purchase these investments to hedge insurance reserves and other liabilities denominated in the same currencies. At December 31, 2002, our net asset exposure to foreign currencies was not material.
DERIVATIVES
FAS 133 establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts (collectively referred to as derivatives), and for hedging activities, and requires that an entity recognize all derivatives as either assets or liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet and measure those instruments at fair value.
56
We maintain investments in derivative instruments such as financial futures, options, interest rate swaps and foreign currency forward contracts for which the primary purposes are to manage duration and foreign currency exposure, yield enhancement or to obtain an exposure to a particular financial market. If certain conditions are met, a derivative may be specifically designated as a fair value, cash flow or foreign currency hedge. The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative (that is, gains and losses) depends on the intended use of the derivative and the resulting designation. Upon application of FAS 133, hedging relationships must be designated and documented pursuant to the provisions of this statement. We had no derivatives that were designated as hedges at December 31, 2002 and 2001.
Certain products (principally credit protection oriented) issued by the Financial Services segment have been determined to meet the definition of a derivative under FAS 133. These products consist primarily of credit default swaps, index-based instruments and certain financial guarantee coverages. Effective January 1, 2001, we record these products at their fair values, which are determined principally through obtaining quotes from independent dealers and counterparties.
During 2002, we recorded in net realized gains (losses) on investments, a pretax loss of $77 million to reflect the change in the fair value of derivatives. During 2001, we recorded in net realized gains (losses) on investments, a pretax loss of $17 million to reflect the change in the fair value of derivatives, excluding $23 million recorded in the first quarter of 2001 related to the cumulative effect of adopting FAS 133. The level of gains and losses resulting from changes in the fair value of derivatives on a prospective basis is dependent upon a number of factors including changes in interest rates, credit spreads and other market factors. Our involvement with derivative instruments and transactions is primarily to offer protection to others or to mitigate our own risk and is not considered speculative in nature.
NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In January 2003, FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 46, "Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities" ("FIN 46"), which requires consolidation of all variable interest entities ("VIE") by the primary beneficiary, as these terms are defined in FIN 46, effective immediately for VIEs created after January 31, 2003. The consolidation requirements apply to VIEs existing on January 31, 2003 for reporting periods beginning after June 15, 2003. In addition, it requires expanded disclosure for all VIEs. We do not expect the adoption of FIN 46 to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In December 2002, FASB issued FAS No. 148, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation-Transition and Disclosure" ("FAS 148"). FAS 148 provides alternative methods of transitioning for a voluntary change to the fair-value based method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation. In addition, FAS 148 amends the disclosure requirements of FAS 123 to require prominent disclosures in both annual and interim financial statements about the method of accounting for stock-based compensation and the effect of the method used on reported results. We continue to account for stock-based compensation plans in accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25 ("APB 25").
In November 2002, FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 45, "Guarantor's Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others" ("FIN 45"), which expands the disclosures to be made by a guarantor in their consolidated financial statements and generally requires recognition of a liability for the fair value of a guarantee at its inception. The disclosure requirements of this interpretation are effective for the Company for fiscal periods ending after December 15, 2002. The measurement provisions of this interpretation are applicable on a prospective basis to guarantees issued or modified after December 31, 2002. This interpretation does not apply to guarantees issued by insurance companies accounted for under insurance-specific accounting literature. We do not expect the adoption of the measurement provisions of FIN 45 to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In April 2002, FASB issued FAS No. 145, "Rescission of FASB Statements No.4, 44, and 64, Amendment of FASB Statement No. 13, and Technical Corrections". The primary impact of FAS No. 145 was to rescind the requirement to report the gain or loss from the extinguishment of debt as an extraordinary item in the statement of operations. The provisions of this Statement are generally effective for fiscal years beginning after May 15, 2002. During 2002, we incurred debt prepayment expenses, which are reported as other expense in the statement of operations.
57
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
MANAGEMENT'S RESPONSIBILITY FOR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Management is responsible for the preparation, integrity and objectivity of the consolidated financial statements and other financial information presented in this annual report. The accompanying consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, applying certain estimates and judgments as required.
The Company's internal controls are designed to provide reasonable assurance as to the integrity and reliability of the financial statements and to adequately safeguard, verify and maintain accountability of assets. Such controls are based on established policies and procedures and are implemented by trained, skilled personnel with an appropriate segregation of duties. The Company's Internal Audit Department performs independent audits on the Company's internal controls. The Company's policies and procedures prescribe that the Company and all its employees are to maintain the highest ethical standards and that its business practices are to be conducted in a manner which is above reproach.
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent auditors, are retained to audit the Company's financial statements. Their accompanying report is based on audits conducted in accordance with auditing standards, generally accepted in the United States, which includes the consideration of the Company's internal controls to establish a basis for reliance thereon in determining the nature, timing and extent of audit tests to be applied.
The Board of Directors exercises its responsibility for these financial statements through its Audit Committee, which consists entirely of independent, non-management Board members. The Audit Committee meets periodically with the independent auditors, both privately and with management present, to review accounting, auditing, internal controls and financial reporting matters.

/s/ Brian Duperreault                           /s/ Philip V. Bancroft
Brian Duperreault                               Philip V. Bancroft
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer            Chief Financial Officer	

58
 
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
To The Board of Directors and Shareholders of ACE Limited
In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders' equity, comprehensive income and cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of ACE Limited and its subsidiaries at December 31, 2002 and 2001 and the results of their operations and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management; our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States, which require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used, and significant estimates made, by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
As discussed in Note 2f and Note 2n to the financial statements, the Company changed its method of accounting for goodwill and derivatives in 2002 and 2001, respectively.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
New York, New York
February 3, 2003	

59
 
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
ACE Limited and Subsidiaries

December 31, 2002 and 2001
(in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)                              2002             2001
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ASSETS
Investments and cash
   Fixed maturities, at fair value (amortized cost - $13,790,742 and $12,794,444)  $   14,419,741   $   13,000,165
   Equity securities, at fair value (cost - $442,266 and $516,028)                        411,031          467,566
   Securities on loan, at fair value (amortized cost/cost - $285,569)                     292,973                -
   Short-term investments, at fair value                                                1,884,760        1,205,795
   Other investments (cost - $621,715 and $569,045)                                       652,048          591,006
   Cash                                                                                   663,355          671,381
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total investments and cash                                                             18,323,908       15,935,913
Accrued investment income                                                                 216,941          213,821
Insurance and reinsurance balances receivable                                           2,653,990        2,521,562
Accounts and notes receivable                                                             250,956          242,724
Reinsurance recoverable                                                                13,991,453       11,398,446
Deferred policy acquisition costs                                                         831,580          679,281
Prepaid reinsurance premiums                                                            1,721,267        1,222,795
Funds withheld                                                                            300,106          197,642
Value of reinsurance business assumed                                                     367,275           93,310
Goodwill                                                                                2,716,860        2,772,094
Deferred tax assets                                                                     1,287,983        1,250,835
Other assets                                                                              788,618          658,341
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total assets                                                                       $   43,450,937   $   37,186,764
==================================================================================================================
LIABILITIES
Unpaid losses and loss expenses                                                    $   24,315,182   $   20,728,122
Unearned premiums                                                                       5,585,524        3,853,429
Future policy benefits for life and annuity contracts                                     442,264          382,730
Funds withheld                                                                            214,535          200,939
Insurance and reinsurance balances payable                                              1,870,264        1,418,001
Contract holder deposit funds                                                              89,843          101,187
Securities lending collateral                                                             301,016                -
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities                                1,514,972        1,322,674
Dividends payable                                                                          47,724           42,044
Short-term debt                                                                           145,940          495,408
Long-term debt                                                                          1,748,937        1,349,473
Trust preferred securities                                                                475,000          875,000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total liabilities                                                                      36,751,201       30,769,007
==================================================================================================================
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
MEZZANINE EQUITY                                                                          311,050          311,050
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Ordinary Shares ($0.041666667 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized;
 262,679,356 and 259,861,205 shares issued and outstanding)                                10,945           10,828
Additional paid-in capital                                                              3,781,112        3,710,698
Unearned stock grant compensation                                                         (42,576)         (37,994)
Retained earnings                                                                       2,199,313        2,321,576
Deferred compensation obligation                                                           18,631           16,497
Accumulated other comprehensive income                                                    439,892          101,599
Ordinary Shares issued to employee trust                                                  (18,631)         (16,497)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total shareholders' equity                                                              6,388,686        6,106,707
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total liabilities, mezzanine equity and shareholders' equity                       $   43,450,937   $   37,186,764
==================================================================================================================	

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
60
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
ACE Limited and Subsidiaries

For the years ended December 31,
(in thousands of U.S. dollars, except per share data)                            2002           2001           2000
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
REVENUES
Gross premiums written
   Property and casualty premiums                                        $ 12,653,872   $  9,751,310   $  7,586,771
   Life and annuity premiums                                                  165,099        414,052              -
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                           12,818,971     10,165,362      7,586,771

Reinsurance premiums ceded                                                 (4,750,673)    (3,801,748)    (2,707,417)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Net premiums written
   Property and casualty premiums                                           7,909,284      5,955,924      4,879,354
   Life and annuity premiums                                                  159,014        407,690              -
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                            8,068,298      6,363,614      4,879,354
Change in unearned premiums                                                (1,237,794)      (446,437)      (344,591)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Net premiums earned
   Property and casualty premiums                                           6,672,227      5,510,897      4,534,763
   Life and annuity premiums                                                  158,277        406,280              -
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                            6,830,504      5,917,177      4,534,763

Net investment income                                                         802,141        785,869        770,855
Other income (expense)                                                        (20,552)           452          2,942
Net realized losses on investments                                           (489,089)       (58,359)       (38,961)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total revenues                                                              7,123,004      6,645,139      5,269,599
===================================================================================================================
EXPENSES
Losses and loss expenses                                                    4,906,510      4,552,456      2,936,065
Life and annuity benefits                                                     158,118        401,229              -
Policy acquisition costs                                                      960,688        784,664        650,741
Administrative expenses                                                       943,333        830,455        745,633
Interest expense                                                              193,494        199,182        221,450
Amortization of goodwill                                                            -         79,571         78,820
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total expenses                                                              7,162,143      6,847,557      4,632,709
===================================================================================================================
Income (loss) before income tax and cumulative effect
 of adopting a new accounting standard                                        (39,139)      (202,418)       636,890
Income tax expense (benefit)                                                 (115,688)       (78,674)        93,908
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income (loss) before cumulative effect of adopting a new
 accounting standard                                                           76,549       (123,744)       542,982
Cumulative effect of adopting a new accounting standard (net
 of income tax)                                                                     -        (22,670)             -
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net Income (Loss)                                                        $     76,549   $   (146,414)  $   542,982
===================================================================================================================
Basic earnings (loss) per share before cumulative effect
 of adopting a new accounting standard                                   $       0.19   $      (0.64)  $       2.37
Basic earnings (loss) per share                                          $       0.19   $      (0.74)  $       2.37
==================================================================================================================
Diluted earnings (loss) per share before cumulative
 effect of adopting a new accounting standard                            $       0.19   $      (0.64)  $       2.31
Diluted earnings (loss) per share                                        $       0.19   $      (0.74)  $       2.31
===================================================================================================================	

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
61
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
ACE Limited and Subsidiaries

For the years ended December 31,
(in thousands of U.S. dollars)                                         2002           2001           2000
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORDINARY SHARES
Balance - beginning of year                                    $     10,828   $      9,681   $      9,061
Exercise of stock options                                                93             69             76
Shares issued                                                            37          1,380            542
Issued under Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP")                       10              9              2
Cancellation of Shares                                                  (23)           (29)             -
Repurchase of Shares                                                      -           (282)             -
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance - end of year                                                10,945         10,828          9,681
=========================================================================================================
ADDITIONAL PAID-IN CAPITAL
Balance - beginning of year                                       3,710,698      2,637,085      2,214,989
Exercise of stock options                                            44,469         32,597         31,259
Ordinary Shares issued                                               37,503      1,135,328        406,561
Ordinary Shares issued under ESPP                                     7,462          6,065          1,232
Cancellation of Ordinary Shares                                     (19,020)       (22,698)             -
Equity offering expenses                                                  -           (830)        (7,072)
Repurchase of Ordinary Shares                                             -        (76,849)             -
Mezzanine equity issuance cost                                            -              -         (9,884)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance - end of year                                             3,781,112      3,710,698      2,637,085
=========================================================================================================
UNEARNED STOCK GRANT COMPENSATION
Balance - beginning of year                                         (37,994)       (29,642)       (28,908)
Stock grants awarded                                                (40,699)       (22,559)       (10,346)
Stock grants forfeited                                                7,370          4,533              -
Amortization                                                         28,747          9,674          9,612
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance - end of year                                               (42,576)       (37,994)       (29,642)
=========================================================================================================
RETAINED EARNINGS
Balance - beginning of year                                       2,321,576      2,733,633      2,321,570
Net income (loss)                                                    76,549       (146,414)       542,982
Dividends declared on Ordinary Shares                              (173,150)      (137,734)      (112,528)
Dividends declared on Mezzanine equity                              (25,662)       (25,594)       (18,391)
Repurchase of Ordinary Shares                                             -       (102,315)             -
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance - end of year                                             2,199,313      2,321,576      2,733,633
=========================================================================================================
DEFERRED COMPENSATION OBLIGATION
Balance - beginning of year                                          16,497         14,597         14,563
Increase to obligation                                                2,134          1,900             34
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance - end of year                                                18,631         16,497         14,597
=========================================================================================================
ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments
Balance - beginning of year                                         136,916        102,335        (83,327)
Change in year, net of income tax                                   339,495         34,581        185,662
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance - end of year                                               476,411        136,916        102,335
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cumulative translation adjustments
Balance - beginning of year                                         (35,317)       (32,881)        17,175
Net adjustment for period, net of income tax                         (1,202)        (2,436)       (50,056)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance - end of year                                               (36,519)       (35,317)       (32,881)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income                              439,892        101,599         69,454
=========================================================================================================
ORDINARY SHARES ISSUED TO EMPLOYEE TRUST
Balance - beginning of year                                         (16,497)       (14,597)       (14,563)
Increases in Ordinary Shares                                         (2,134)        (1,900)           (34)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance - end of year                                               (18,631)       (16,497)       (14,597)
=========================================================================================================
Total Shareholders' Equity                                     $  6,388,686   $  6,106,707   $  5,420,211
=========================================================================================================	

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
62
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
ACE Limited and Subsidiaries

For the years ended December 31,
(in thousands of U.S. dollars)                                              2002           2001           2000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NET INCOME (LOSS)                                                   $     76,549   $   (146,414)       542,982
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments
   Unrealized appreciation on investments                                357,963         65,168        220,901
   Reclassification adjustment for net realized (gains) losses
    included in net income                                                98,318        (16,303)        (7,219)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                         456,281         48,865        213,682
Cumulative translation adjustments                                          (348)        (6,646)       (70,448)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Other comprehensive income, before income tax                            455,933         42,219        143,234
Income tax expense related to other comprehensive income items          (117,640)       (10,074)        (7,628)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Other comprehensive income                                               338,293         32,145        135,606
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)                                         $    414,842   $   (114,269)  $    678,588
==============================================================================================================	

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
63
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
ACE Limited and Subsidiaries

For the years ended December 31,
(in thousands of U.S. dollars)                                               2002            2001            2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income (loss)                                                   $      76,549   $    (146,414)  $     542,982
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash flow
    from (used for) operating activities:
    Net realized losses on investments                                    489,089          58,359          38,961
    Amortization of premium/discounts on fixed maturities                  40,230          (2,019)         (7,377)
    Deferred income taxes                                                (145,120)       (118,058)         33,827
    Unpaid losses and loss expenses                                     3,527,010       3,369,489        (174,213)
    Unearned premiums                                                   1,700,493         771,039         574,244
    Future policy benefits for life and annuity contracts                  59,534         382,730               -
    Insurance and reinsurance balances payable                            582,254         110,809        (415,310)
    Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities               61,408         117,590        (375,025)
    Insurance and reinsurance balances receivable                        (242,249)       (449,585)       (175,809)
    Reinsurance recoverable                                            (2,593,007)     (2,403,506)       (154,859)
    Deferred policy acquisition costs                                    (142,888)       (112,714)        (50,626)
    Prepaid reinsurance premiums                                         (498,472)       (365,050)       (256,501)
    Funds withheld, net                                                   (88,868)         33,061         (12,505)
    Value of reinsurance business assumed                                (273,965)        (18,542)         (4,065)
    Other                                                                (127,010)         23,575         (69,716)
    Amortization of goodwill                                                    -          79,571          78,820
    Cumulative effect of adopting a new accounting standard                     -          22,670               -
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net cash flows from (used for) operating activities                 $   2,424,988   $   1,353,005   $    (427,172)
=================================================================================================================
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchases of fixed maturities                                       $ (17,949,823)  $ (16,847,920)  $ (11,476,638)
Purchases of equity securities                                           (218,852)       (210,936)       (411,022)
Sales of fixed maturities                                              15,948,421      14,733,578      11,521,678
Sales of equity securities                                                163,024         204,842         793,499
Maturities of fixed maturities                                            284,899          44,929          68,869
Net realized losses on financial futures contracts                       (105,429)        (21,976)        (48,227)
Settlement of an acquisition-related lawsuit                               54,380               -               -
Other                                                                    (118,223)        (89,115)       (214,416)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net cash flows from (used for) investing activities                 $  (1,941,603)  $  (2,186,598)  $     233,743
=================================================================================================================
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Dividends paid on Ordinary Shares                                   $    (167,470)  $    (128,745)  $    (106,459)
Dividends paid on Mezzanine equity                                        (25,662)        (25,666)        (15,254)
Net proceeds from (repayment of) short-term debt                         (349,468)         56,144        (710,076)
Net proceeds from long-term debt                                          399,155               -               -
Net proceeds from (repayment of) trust preferred securities              (400,000)              -         300,000
Proceeds from exercise of options for Ordinary Shares                      44,562          32,666          31,335
Proceeds from Ordinary Shares issued under ESPP                             7,472           6,074           1,234
Repurchase of Ordinary Shares                                                   -        (179,446)              -
Net proceeds from issuance of Ordinary Shares                                   -       1,135,878         400,320
Proceeds from issuance of Mezzanine equity                                      -               -         311,050
Issuance cost of Mezzanine equity                                               -               -          (9,884)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net cash flows from (used for) financing activities                 $    (491,411)  $     896,905   $     202,266
=================================================================================================================
Net increase (decrease) in cash                                            (8,026)         63,312           8,837
Cash - beginning of year                                                  671,381         608,069         599,232
=================================================================================================================
CASH - END OF YEAR                                                  $     663,355   $     671,381   $     608,069
=================================================================================================================
Supplemental cash flow information
Taxes paid                                                          $       2,123   $      28,513   $      38,817
Interest paid                                                       $     216,269   $     220,155   $     224,787
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
64
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
ACE Limited and Subsidiaries
1. GENERAL
ACE Limited ("ACE" or the "Company") is a holding company incorporated with limited liability under the Cayman Islands Companies Law and maintains its business office in Bermuda. The Company, through its various subsidiaries, provides a broad range of insurance and reinsurance products to insureds worldwide. ACE operates through four reporting segments: Insurance - North American, Insurance - Overseas General, Global Reinsurance and Financial Services. These segments are described in Note 17.
2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
a) BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP") and include the accounts of the Company and its majority-owned subsidiaries. There are no entities other than majority-owned subsidiaries under the Company's control or for which the Company retains substantially all the risk and rewards. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Certain items in the prior year financial statements have been reclassified to conform with the current year presentation.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company's principal estimates include:
. unpaid losses and loss expense reserves, including asbestos reserves;
. reinsurance recoverable, including the bad debt provision;
. impairments to the fair value of the investment portfolio;
. the fair value of certain derivatives; and
. the valuation of goodwill.
While management believes that the amounts included in the consolidated financial statements reflect our best estimates and assumptions, these amounts could ultimately be materially different from the amounts currently provided for in the consolidated financial statements.
b) PREMIUMS
Premiums are generally recognized as written upon inception of the policy. For multi-year policies written which are payable in annual installments, due to the ability of the insured/reinsured to commute or cancel coverage within the term of the policy, only the annual premium is included as written at policy inception. The remaining annual premiums are included as written at each successive anniversary date within the multi-year term.
Reinsurance premiums from traditional life and annuity policies with life contingencies are generally recognized as revenue when due from policyholders. Traditional life policies include those contracts with fixed and guaranteed premiums and benefits. Benefits and expenses are matched with such income to result in the recognition of profit over the life of the contracts.
Premiums written are primarily earned on a pro rata basis over the terms of the policies to which they relate. Accordingly, unearned premiums represent the portion of premiums written which is applicable to the unexpired portion of the policies in force. Premium estimates for retrospectively rated policies are recognized within the periods in which the related losses are incurred.
65
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
ACE Limited and Subsidiaries
Financial guarantee premiums that are received upon inception of the policy are earned pro rata over the period of risk. Installment premiums are earned over each installment period, generally one year or less.
The Company underwrites loss portfolio transfer contracts ("LPT"). These contracts are evaluated to determine whether they meet the established criteria for reinsurance accounting, and, if so, are recorded in the statement of operations when written and generally result in large one-time written and earned premiums with comparable incurred losses. The contracts can cause significant variances in gross premiums written, net premiums written, net premiums earned and net incurred losses in the years in which they are written. Contracts not meeting the established criteria for reinsurance accounting are recorded using the deposit method. There were no LPT contracts recorded using the deposit method in 2002 or 2001.
Reinsurance premiums assumed are estimated based on information provided by ceding companies. The information used in establishing these estimates is reviewed and subsequent adjustments are recorded in the period in which they are determined. These premiums are earned over the terms of the related reinsurance contracts.
c) POLICY ACQUISITION COSTS
Policy acquisition costs consist of commissions, premium taxes, underwriting and other costs that vary with, and are primarily related to, the production of premium. Acquisition costs are deferred and amortized over the period in which the related premiums are earned, or for annuities over the pattern of estimated gross profit. Deferred policy acquisition costs are reviewed to determine if they are recoverable from future income, including investment income. If such costs are estimated to be unrecoverable, they are expensed.
d) REINSURANCE
In the ordinary course of business, the Company's insurance subsidiaries assume and cede reinsurance with other insurance companies. These agreements provide greater diversification of business and minimize the net loss potential arising from large risks. Ceded reinsurance contracts do not relieve the Company of its obligation to its insureds.
Reinsurance recoverable includes the balances due from reinsurance companies for paid and unpaid losses and loss expenses that will be recovered from reinsurers, based on contracts in force, and are presented net of a reserve for uncollectible reinsurance that has been determined based upon a review of the financial condition of the reinsurers and other factors. The method for determining the reinsurance recoverable involves reviewing actuarial estimates of gross unpaid losses and loss expenses to determine the Company's ability to cede unpaid losses and loss expenses under its existing reinsurance contracts. This method is continually reviewed and updated and any adjustments resulting therefrom are reflected in earnings in the period identified.
Prepaid reinsurance premiums represent the portion of premiums ceded to reinsurers applicable to the unexpired terms of the reinsurance contracts in force.
e) INVESTMENTS
The Company's investments are considered to be "available for sale" under the definition included in the Financial Accounting Standard Board's ("FASB") Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("FAS") No. 115, "Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities". The Company's investment portfolio is reported at fair value, being the quoted market price of these securities provided by either independent pricing services, or when such prices are not available, by reference to broker or underwriter bid indications. Short-term investments comprise securities due to mature within one year of date of issue. Short-term investments include certain cash and cash equivalents, which are part of investment portfolios under the management of external investment managers.
66
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase (liabilities) are accounted for as collateralized investments and borrowings and are recorded at the contractual repurchase amounts plus accrued interest. Assets to be repurchased are the same, or substantially the same, as the assets transferred and the transferor, through right of substitution, maintains the right and ability to redeem the collateral on short notice.
Other investments principally comprise direct investments, investments in investment funds and investments in limited partnerships. For direct investments that meet the requirements for equity accounting, the Company accrues its portion of the net income or loss of the investment. Other direct investments are carried at fair value. Where fair values are not publicly available, the investments are carried at estimated fair value. Investments in investment funds are carried at the net asset value as advised by the fund. Investments in limited partnerships for which the Company has partnership ownership interests in excess of three percent are accounted for using the equity method. Limited partnerships for which the Company has partnership ownership interests less than three percent are carried at cost.
Realized gains or losses on sales of investments are determined on a first-in, first-out basis. Unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments is included as other comprehensive income in shareholders' equity. The Company regularly reviews its investments for possible impairment based on criteria including economic conditions, credit loss experience and other issuer-specific developments. If there is a decline in a security's net realizable value, a determination is made as to whether that decline is temporary or "other than temporary". If it is believed that a decline in the value of a particular investment is temporary, the decline is recorded as an unrealized loss in shareholders' equity. If it is believed that the decline is "other than temporary", the Company writes down the carrying value of the investment and records a realized loss in the statement of operations.
The Company utilizes financial futures, options, interest rate swaps and foreign currency forward contracts for the purpose of managing certain investment portfolio exposures (see Note 8 for additional discussion of the objectives and strategies employed). These instruments are recognized as assets or liabilities in the accompanying consolidated financial statements and changes in market value are included in net realized gains or losses on investments in the consolidated statements of operations. Collateral held by brokers equal to a percentage of the total value of open futures contracts is included in short-term investments.
Net investment income includes interest and dividend income together with amortization of market premiums and discounts and is net of investment management and custody fees. For mortgage-backed securities, and any other holdings for which there is a prepayment risk, prepayment assumptions are evaluated and revised as necessary. Any adjustments required due to the resultant change in effective yields and maturities are recognized prospectively.
The Company engages in a securities lending program whereby certain securities from our portfolio are loaned to other institutions for short periods of time. The market value of the loaned securities is monitored on a daily basis, with additional collateral obtained or refunded as the market value of the loaned securities changes. The Company's policy is to require fixed maturities and initial cash collateral equal to 102 percent of the fair value of the loaned securities. Securities lending collateral is recorded in fixed maturities and short-term investments and in liabilities. The Company maintains full ownership rights to the securities loaned, and continues to earn interest on them. The Company shares a portion of the interest earned on the collateral with the lending agent. In addition, the Company has the ability to sell the securities while they are on loan. The Company has an indemnification agreement with the lending agents in the event a borrower becomes insolvent or fails to return securities. The fair value of the securities on loan is reported as a separate line in total investments and cash.
67
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
ACE Limited and Subsidiaries
f) GOODWILL
In June 2001, FASB issued FAS No. 142, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets" ("FAS 142"). FAS 142 primarily addresses the accounting for goodwill and intangible assets subsequent to their acquisition. As required, the Company adopted FAS 142 on January 1, 2002 and ceased amortizing goodwill at that time. All goodwill recognized in the Company's consolidated balance sheet at January 1, 2002 was assigned to one or more reporting units. FAS 142 requires that goodwill in each reporting unit be tested for impairment by June 30, 2002 and at least annually thereafter. Any impairment loss recognized as a result of a transitional impairment test of goodwill should be reported as the cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle. Management has determined that there was no impairment in goodwill as a result of the test.
g) VALUE OF REINSURANCE BUSINESS ASSUMED
The value of reinsurance business assumed represents the difference between the estimated ultimate value of the liabilities assumed under retroactive reinsurance contracts, including LPTs, and the consideration received under the contract. The value of reinsurance business assumed is amortized to loss and loss expenses based on the payment pattern of the losses assumed. The unamortized value is reviewed regularly to determine if it is recoverable under the terms of the contract. If such amounts are estimated to be unrecoverable, they are expensed.
h) UNPAID LOSSES AND LOSS EXPENSES
Property and Casualty
A liability is established for the estimated unpaid losses and loss expenses of the Company under the terms of, and with respect to, its policies and agreements. Included in the Company's liabilities for losses and loss expenses are liabilities for asbestos, environmental and latent injury damage claims and expenses ("A&E"). These claims are principally related to claims arising from remediation costs associated with hazardous waste sites and bodily-injury claims related to asbestos products and environmental hazards. These amounts include provision for both reported claims and incurred but not reported ("IBNR") claims. The methods of determining such estimates and establishing the resulting reserve are reviewed continuously and any adjustments are reflected in operations in the period in which they become known. Future developments may result in losses and loss expenses materially greater or less than the reserve provided.
Financial Guaranty
Case basis reserves are established when specific issues are identified as currently or likely to be in default. Such reserve is based on the present value of the expected loss and loss adjustment payments, net of recoveries, under salvage and subrogation rights. Reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses also include "portfolio reserves", which are management's best estimate of expected losses related to the Company's entire reinsured portfolio. These reserves are based on reports from ceding companies as well as historical default statistics of municipal, asset-backed and corporate bonds, net of expected recoveries. In accordance with industry practice, the financial guaranty case basis reserves have been discounted using an average rate of six percent in both 2002 and 2001, resulting in a discount of $14.9 million and $8 million, respectively.
Life Reinsurance
The development of life and annuity policy reserves requires management to make estimates and assumptions regarding mortality, morbidity, lapse, expense and investment experience. Such estimates are primarily based on historical experience and information provided by ceding companies. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.
Management monitors actual experience, and where circumstances warrant, will revise its assumptions and the related reserve estimates. These revisions are recorded in the period they are determined.
68
i) CONTRACT HOLDER DEPOSIT FUNDS
Contract holder deposit funds represents a liability for investment contracts sold that do not meet the definition of an insurance contract under FAS No. 97, "Accounting and Reporting by Insurance Enterprises for Certain Long-Duration Contracts". The investment contracts are sold with a guaranteed rate of return. The proceeds are then invested with the intent of realizing a greater return than is called for in the investment contracts.
j) TRANSLATION OF FOREIGN CURRENCIES
Financial statements of subsidiaries expressed in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars in accordance with FAS No. 52, "Foreign Currency Translation" ("FAS 52"). Under FAS 52, functional currency assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars generally using period end rates of exchange and the related translation adjustments are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income. Functional currencies are generally the currencies of the local operating environment. Statement of operations amounts expressed in functional currencies are translated using average exchange rates. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are recorded in net realized gains (losses) on investments in current income.
k) INCOME TAXES
Income taxes have been provided in accordance with the provisions of FAS No. 109, "Accounting for Income Taxes", on those operations which are subject to income taxes (see Note 14). Deferred tax assets and liabilities result from temporary differences between the amounts recorded in the consolidated financial statements and the tax basis of the Company's assets and liabilities. Such temporary differences are primarily due to the tax basis discount on unpaid losses and loss expenses, foreign tax credits, non-deductibility of deferred policy acquisition costs and tax benefits of net operating loss carryforwards. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance against deferred tax assets is recorded if it is more likely than not that all, or some portion, of the benefits related to deferred tax assets will not be realized.
l) EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic earnings per share is calculated using the weighted average shares outstanding. All potentially dilutive securities including Mezzanine equity, unvested restricted stock, stock options, warrants and convertible securities are excluded from the basic earnings per share calculation. In calculating diluted earnings per share, the weighted average shares outstanding is increased to include all potentially dilutive securities. The incremental shares from assumed conversions are not included in computing diluted loss per share amounts as these shares are considered anti-dilutive. Basic and diluted earnings per share are calculated by dividing income available to ordinary shareholders by the applicable weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year.
m) CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Purchases and sales or maturities of short-term investments are recorded net for purposes of the statements of cash flows and are included with fixed maturities.
69
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
ACE Limited and Subsidiaries
n) DERIVATIVES
The Company adopted FAS No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities" ("FAS 133"), as of January 1, 2001. FAS 133 establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts (collectively referred to as derivatives), and for hedging activities. FAS 133 requires that an entity recognize all derivatives as either assets or liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet and measure those instruments at fair value. If certain conditions are met, a derivative may be specifically designated as a fair value, cash flow or foreign currency hedge. The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative (that is, gains and losses) depends on the intended use of the derivative and the resulting designation. Upon application of FAS 133, hedging relationships must be designated and documented pursuant to the provisions of this statement. The Company had no derivatives that were designated as hedges as of December 31, 2002 and 2001.
The Company maintains investments in derivative instruments such as futures, options, interest rate swaps and foreign currency forward contracts for which the primary purposes are to manage duration and foreign currency exposure, yield enhancement or to obtain an exposure to a particular financial market. The Company has historically recorded the changes in market value of these instruments as realized gains or losses in the consolidated statements of operations and, accordingly, FAS 133, as amended, did not have a significant impact on the results of operations, financial condition or liquidity as it relates to these instruments. At December 31, 2002, a liability of $46 million representing the fair value of these instruments is included in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities.
Certain products (principally, credit protection oriented) issued by the Financial Services segment have been determined to meet the definition of a derivative under FAS 133. These products consist primarily of credit default swaps, index-based instruments and certain financial guarantee coverages. Net premiums earned relating to these products for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, were $145 million and $52 million, respectively, with incurred losses of $148 million and $39 million, respectively. Effective January 1, 2001, the Company records these products at their fair value, which is determined principally through obtaining quotes from independent dealers and counterparties. The changes in fair value are included in realized gains (losses) on investments in the statement of operations. At December 31, 2002 and 2001, a liability representing the fair value of these instruments resulting from the change in fair value of $129 million and $52 million was included in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities.
The Company recorded an expense related to the cumulative effect of adopting this standard of $23 million, net of income tax of $12 million. At December 31, 2002 and 2001, the Company has recorded in net realized gains (losses) on investments, a pretax loss of $77 million and $17 million, respectively, to reflect the change in the fair value of derivatives during the year. The level of gains and losses resulting from changes in the fair value of derivatives on a prospective basis is dependent upon a number of factors including changes in interest rates, credit spreads and other market factors. The Company's involvement with derivative instruments and transactions is primarily to offer protection to others or to mitigate its own risk and is not considered speculative in nature.
o) NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In January 2003, FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 46, "Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities" ("FIN 46"), which requires consolidation of all variable interest entities ("VIE") by the primary beneficiary, as these terms are defined in FIN 46, effective immediately for VIEs created after January 31, 2003. The consolidation requirements apply to VIEs existing on January 31, 2003 for reporting periods beginning after June 15, 2003. In addition, it requires expanded disclosure for all VIEs. The Company does not expect the adoption of FIN 46 to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
70
In December 2002, FASB issued FAS No. 148, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation-Transition and Disclosure" ("FAS 148"). FAS 148 provides alternative methods of transitioning for a voluntary change to the fair-value based method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation. In addition, FAS 148 amends the disclosure requirements of FAS 123 to require prominent disclosures in both annual and interim financial statements about the method of accounting for stock-based compensation and the effect of the method used on reported results. The Company continues to account for stock-based compensation plans in accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25 ("APB 25").
In November 2002, FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 45, "Guarantor's Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others" ("FIN 45"), which expands the disclosures to be made by a guarantor in their consolidated financial statements and generally requires recognition of a liability for the fair value of a guarantee at its inception. The disclosure requirements of this interpretation are effective for the Company for fiscal periods ending after December 15, 2002, and accordingly, have been included in Note 8. The measurement provisions of this interpretation are applicable on a prospective basis to guarantees issued or modified after December 31, 2002. This interpretation does not apply to guarantees issued by insurance companies accounted for under insurance-specific accounting literature. The Company does not expect the adoption of the measurement provisions of FIN 45 to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
In April 2002, FASB issued FAS No. 145, "Rescission of FASB Statements No. 4, 44, and 64, Amendment of FASB Statement No. 13, and Technical Corrections." The primary impact of FAS No. 145 was to rescind the requirement to report the gain or loss from the extinguishment of debt as an extraordinary item in the statement of income. The provisions of this Statement are generally effective for fiscal years beginning after May 15, 2002. During 2002, the Company incurred debt prepayment expenses, which are reported as other expense in the statement of operations.
3. INVESTMENTS
a) FIXED MATURITIES
The fair values and amortized costs of fixed maturities at December 31, 2002 and 2001 are as follows:

                                                                     2002                            2001
                                                          -----------------------------   -----------------------------
(in thousands of U.S. dollars)                              FAIR VALUE   AMORTIZED COST     Fair Value   Amortized Cost
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U.S. Treasury and agency                                  $  1,320,965   $    1,244,484   $  1,344,076   $    1,314,524
Non-U.S. governments                                         1,597,860        1,545,171      1,428,977        1,403,053
Corporate securities                                         7,039,636        6,730,915      6,743,090        6,687,887
Mortgage-backed securities                                   3,260,520        3,167,580      2,322,951        2,272,111
States, municipalities and political subdivisions            1,200,760        1,102,592      1,161,071        1,116,869
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                          $ 14,419,741   $   13,790,742   $ 13,000,165   $   12,794,444
=======================================================================================================================	

The gross unrealized appreciation (depreciation) related to fixed maturities at December 31, 2002 and 2001 is as follows:

                                                                          2002                                  2001
                                                          -----------------------------------   -----------------------------------
                                                          GROSS UNREALIZED   GROSS UNREALIZED   Gross Unrealized   Gross Unrealized
(in thousands of U.S. dollars)                                APPRECIATION       DEPRECIATION       Appreciation       Depreciation
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U.S. Treasury and agency                                  $         76,868   $           (387)  $         38,499   $         (8,947)
Non-U.S. governments                                                54,066             (1,377)            32,993             (7,068)
Corporate securities                                               358,658            (49,937)           179,028           (123,826)
Mortgage-backed securities                                          94,623             (1,683)            60,345             (9,505)
States, municipalities and political subdivisions                   98,247                (79)            50,105             (5,903)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                          $        682,462   $        (53,463)  $        360,970   $       (155,249)
===================================================================================================================================	

71
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
ACE Limited and Subsidiaries
Mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government agencies are combined with all other mortgage derivatives held and are included in the category, "mortgage-backed securities". Approximately 73 percent of the total mortgage holdings at December 31, 2002, and 81 percent at December 31, 2001, are represented by investments in U.S. government agency bonds. The remainder of the mortgage exposure consists of collateralized mortgage obligations and non-government mortgage-backed securities, the majority of which provide a planned structure for principal and interest payments and carry an AAA rating by the major credit rating agencies. Fixed maturities at December 31, 2002, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities could differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations, with or without call or prepayment penalties. The Company also invests in interest rate swaps to manage the duration of the fixed maturity portfolio. The average duration, including the effect of the interest rate swaps, is 3.1 years at December 31, 2002 and 3.4 years at December 31, 2001.

(in thousands of U.S. dollars)                 Fair Value    Amortized Cost
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATURITY PERIOD
Less than 1 year                           $      563,308   $      620,462
1 - 5 years                                     4,405,293        4,167,231
5 - 10 years                                    3,532,696        3,298,014
Greater than 10 years                           2,657,924        2,537,455
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                           $   11,159,221   $   10,623,162
Mortgage-backed securities                      3,260,520        3,167,580
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total fixed maturities                     $   14,419,741   $   13,790,742
==========================================================================	

b) EQUITY SECURITIES
The gross unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on equity securities at December 31, 2002 and 2001 is as follows:

(in thousands of U.S. dollars)                       2002             2001
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Equity securities - cost                   $      442,266   $      516,028
Gross unrealized appreciation                      24,018           41,043
Gross unrealized depreciation                     (55,253)         (89,505)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Equity securities - fair value             $      411,031   $      467,566
==========================================================================	

c) SECURITIES ON LOAN
The fair values and amortized cost/cost of securities on loan and the gross unrealized appreciation (depreciation) related to these securities at December 31, 2002 are detailed below. There were no securities on loan at December 31, 2001.

                                                                   2002
                                      --------------------------------------------------------------
                                                     Amortized   Gross Unrealized   Gross Unrealized
(in thousands of U.S. dollars)          Fair Value   Cost/Cost       Appreciation       Depreciation
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fixed maturities                      $    272,084   $ 258,124   $         19,728   $         (5,768)
Equity securities                           20,889      27,445              2,866             (9,422)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                 $    292,973   $ 285,569   $         22,594   $        (15,190)
====================================================================================================	

72
d) NET REALIZED GAINS (LOSSES) AND CHANGE IN NET UNREALIZED APPRECIATION (DEPRECIATION) ON INVESTMENTS
The analysis of net realized gains (losses) on investments and the change in net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 is as follows:

(in thousands of U.S. dollars)                                               2002         2001         2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fixed maturities
   Gross realized gains                                               $   179,911   $  189,751   $   90,403
   Gross realized losses                                                 (136,600)    (144,220)    (172,009)
   Other than temporary impairments                                      (101,075)     (52,512)           -
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                          (57,764)      (6,981)     (81,606)
Equity securities
   Gross realized gains                                                    22,832       58,779      170,243
   Gross realized losses                                                  (27,340)     (32,213)     (56,199)
   Other than temporary impairments                                      (152,728)           -            -
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                         (157,236)      26,566      114,044

Other investments                                                           1,964       (9,747)     (12,114)
Write-down of other investments                                           (14,067)     (28,453)           -
Currency gains (losses)                                                     3,324      (12,061)     (11,058)
Financial futures and option contracts and interest rate swaps           (188,031)     (10,843)     (48,227)
Fair value adjustment on derivatives                                      (77,279)     (16,840)           -
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net realized losses on investments                                       (489,089)     (58,359)     (38,961)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Change in net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments
   Fixed maturities                                                       423,278      125,349      310,971
   Equity securities                                                       17,227      (85,459)    (115,759)
   Securities on loan                                                       7,404            -            -
   Other investments                                                        8,372        8,975       16,389
   Short-term investments                                                       -            -        2,081
   Change in deferred income taxes                                       (116,786)     (14,284)     (28,020)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Change in net unrealized appreciation on investments                      339,495       34,581      185,662
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total net realized losses and change in net unrealized appreciation
 (depreciation) on investments                                        $  (149,594)  $  (23,778)  $  146,701
===========================================================================================================	

e) NET INVESTMENT INCOME
Net investment income for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 was derived from the following sources:

(in thousands of U.S. dollars)                                               2002         2001         2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fixed maturities and short-term investments                           $   833,436   $  811,912  $   766,312
Equity securities                                                           6,778        9,837       12,268
Other investments                                                           5,308        5,861       39,783
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross investment income                                                   845,522      827,610      818,363
Investment expenses                                                       (43,381)     (41,741)     (47,508)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net investment income                                                 $   802,141   $  785,869  $   770,855
===========================================================================================================	

73
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
ACE Limited and Subsidiaries
f) RESTRICTED ASSETS
The Company is required to maintain assets on deposit with various regulatory authorities to support its insurance and reinsurance operations. These requirements are generally promulgated in the statutory regulations of the individual jurisdictions. The assets on deposit are available to settle insurance and reinsurance liabilities. The Company also utilizes trust funds in certain large transactions where the trust funds are set up for the benefit of the ceding companies and generally take the place of Letter of Credit ("LOC") requirements. The Company also has investments in segregated portfolios primarily to provide collateral or guarantees for LOCs and debt instruments described in Notes 8 and 9. The components of the fair value of the restricted assets at December 31, 2002 and 2001 are as follows:

(in thousands of U.S. dollars)                          2002           2001
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deposits with U.S. regulatory authorities       $    649,962   $    863,589
Deposits with non-U.S. regulatory authorities      1,069,657        734,357
Assets used for collateral or guarantees           1,230,174      1,030,592
Trust funds                                        1,380,886        852,496
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                $  4,330,679   $  3,481,034
===========================================================================	

4. GOODWILL
The following table details the movement in goodwill by segment during the year ended December 31, 2002.

                                                       Insurance-     Insurance-
                                                            North       Overseas         Global      Financial            ACE
(in thousands of U.S. dollars)                           American        General    Reinsurance       Services   Consolidated
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Goodwill at beginning of year                        $  1,162,308   $  1,148,105   $    364,958   $     96,723   $  2,772,094
Settlement of an acquisition-related lawsuit              (28,765)       (25,615)             -              -        (54,380)
Adjustment to purchased goodwill                                -           (854)             -              -           (854)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Goodwill at end of year                              $  1,133,543   $  1,121,636   $    364,958   $     96,723   $  2,716,860
=============================================================================================================================	

The following table provides a reconciliation of prior years reported net income to adjusted net income had FAS 142 been applied at the beginning of fiscal 2000.

For the years ended December 31,
(in thousands of U.S. dollars, except per share data)             2001            2000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reported net income (loss)                                $   (146,414)   $    542,982
Add back: goodwill amortization                                 79,571          78,820
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Adjusted net income (loss)                                $    (66,843)   $    621,802
======================================================================================
BASIC EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE:
Reported earnings (loss) per share                        $      (0.74)   $       2.37
Add back: goodwill amortization                                   0.34            0.36
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Adjusted earnings (loss) per share                        $      (0.40)   $       2.73
======================================================================================
DILUTED EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE:
Reported earnings (loss) per share                        $      (0.74)   $       2.31
Add back: goodwill amortization                                   0.34            0.34
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Adjusted earnings (loss) per share                        $      (0.40)   $       2.65
======================================================================================	

74
5. SEPTEMBER 11, 2001
The terrorist attack on September 11, 2001 ("the September 11 tragedy") had a substantial impact on the 2001 results of the Company. The Company continues to evaluate its total potential liability based upon individual insurance and reinsurance policy language, legal and factual developments in underlying matters involving its insureds and legislative developments in the U.S. involving the terrorist attack. If the Company's current assessments of future developments are proved wrong, the financial impact of any of them, singularly or in the aggregate, could be material. For example, business interruption insurance claims could materialize in the future with greater frequency than the Company has anticipated or provided for in its estimates, or insureds that the Company expects will not be held responsible for injuries resulting from the attack are ultimately found to be responsible at a financial level that impacts the Company's insurance or reinsurance policies. Detailed below is an analysis of the impact of the September 11 tragedy on each of the Company's business segments, for the year ended December 31, 2001. The Company's estimate for the September 11 tragedy claims remains substantially unchanged from 2001 and the Company believes that its estimate is reasonable and accurate based on information currently available.
IMPACT OF SEPTEMBER 11, 2001 TRAGEDY
Year ended December 31, 2001

                                   Insurance-     Insurance-
                                        North       Overseas         Global      Financial            ACE
(in millions of U.S. dollars)        American        General    Reinsurance       Services   Consolidated
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OPERATIONS DATA
Gross premiums written           $          -   $        (20)   $         -     $      142   $        122
Net premiums written                      (22)           (46)           (23)           142             51
Net premiums earned                       (22)           (46)           (22)           104             14
Losses and loss expenses                  119             67            213            251            650
Policy acquisition costs                    -              -              1              -              1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Underwriting income (loss)               (141)          (113)          (236)          (147)          (637)
Income tax benefit                        (16)           (27)           (35)             -            (78)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net loss                         $       (125)  $        (86)   $      (201)    $     (147)  $       (559)
=========================================================================================================	

The analysis of the impact of the September 11 tragedy includes the effects of intercompany reinsurance transactions. In estimating the impact of the tragedy on the Company, premium payments required to reinstate reinsurance policies were accrued. Premiums from insureds required to reinstate their insurance or reinsurance coverage with the Company were not accrued in the estimate. The premiums accrued in Financial Services represent additional premiums due under the terms of certain financial solutions reinsurance programs directly impacted by the tragedy.
In February 2002, ACE announced that one of its Bermuda subsidiaries, ACE Bermuda, agreed to settle its property insurance claim with Silverstein Properties, Inc. ("Silverstein"), arising from the World Trade Center disaster. The settlement is based upon a single occurrence and comprised payment of only one policy limit. ACE Bermuda and Silverstein have agreed to dismiss all litigation and arbitration pending between them. The settlement amount is within the reserve previously established for this event and does not affect the remaining group reserves for other claims arising from the September 11 tragedy.
The Company's exposure to the tragedy is derived from losses incurred by insured and reinsured clients of the Company. Gross insured claims incurred by the Company with respect to the tragedy are covered by significant amounts of reinsurance from high quality reinsurers. In order to identify policies which may have been affected by the September 11 tragedy, the Company conducted a review of its insurance and reinsurance portfolios on a policy by policy basis, which included first-party, third-party, reinsurance, retrocessional, financial guaranty and life reinsurance exposures. Net losses and loss expenses of $650 million resulted from estimated gross losses and loss expenses of approximately $1.8 billion, net of estimated reinsurance recoveries of approximately $1.2 billion. As at December 31, 2002, the Company has paid $711 million of losses and has collected $468 million of the $512 million recoverable from reinsurers.
75
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
ACE Limited and Subsidiaries
6. UNPAID LOSSES AND LOSS EXPENSES
PROPERTY AND CASUALTY
The Company establishes reserves for the estimated unpaid ultimate liability for losses and loss expenses under the terms of its policies and agreements. These reserves include estimates for both claims that have been reported and for IBNR, and include estimates of expenses associated with processing and settling these claims. The process of establishing reserves for property and casualty ("P&C") claims can be complex and imprecise as it requires the use of informed estimates and judgments. The Company's estimates and judgments may be revised as additional experience and other data become available and are reviewed, as new or improved methodologies are developed, or as current laws change. As part of the evaluation process of loss reserves, the Company annually engages independent actuarial firms to review the methods and assumptions used in estimating loss and loss expense reserves. These annual reviews cover different portions of our operating businesses on a rotating basis within each year and are an independent check on the Company's loss reserves. In addition, the Insurance Department of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania requires a biennial, external actuarial review as part of the acquisition of CIGNA's P&C operations in 1999. That review was completed during the first quarter of 2003. The Company continually evaluates its estimates of reserves in light of developing information and in light of discussions and negotiations with its insureds. While the Company believes that its reserve for unpaid losses and loss expenses at December 31, 2002 is adequate, new information or trends may lead to future developments in ultimate losses and loss expenses significantly greater or less than the reserves provided. Any such revisions could result in future changes in estimates of losses or reinsurance recoverable, and would be reflected in the Company's results of operations in the period in which the estimates are changed. The reconciliation of unpaid losses and loss expenses for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 is as follows:

(in thousands of U.S.dollars)                                                                   2002           2001           2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross unpaid losses and loss expenses at beginning of year                              $ 20,728,122   $ 17,388,394   $ 16,460,247
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses                                                 (10,628,608)    (8,323,444)    (7,551,430)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net unpaid losses and loss expenses at beginning of year                                  10,099,514      9,064,950      8,908,817
Unpaid losses and loss expenses assumed in respect of reinsurance business acquired          202,920        300,204        169,537
Unpaid losses and loss expenses in respect of formerly discontinued operations                    _              -       1,269,914
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                     10,302,434      9,365,154     10,348,268
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Net losses and loss expenses incurred in respect of losses occurring in:
   Current year                                                                            4,197,829      4,457,986      2,996,429
   Prior year                                                                                708,681         94,470        (60,364)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                      4,906,510      4,552,456      2,936,065
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Net losses and loss expenses paid in respect of losses occurring in:
   Current year                                                                            1,265,880      1,345,699      1,205,110
   Prior year                                                                              2,685,401      2,404,155      2,897,171
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                      3,951,281      3,749,854      4,102,281
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Foreign currency revaluation                                                                  60,355        (68,242)      (117,102)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net unpaid losses and loss expenses at end of year                                        11,318,018     10,099,514      9,064,950
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses                                                  12,997,164     10,628,608      8,323,444
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross unpaid losses and loss expenses at end of year                                    $ 24,315,182   $ 20,728,122   $ 17,388,394
===================================================================================================================================	

Net losses and loss expenses incurred for the year ended December 31,2002 of $4.9 billion include $709 million of prior year development. Of this amount, $516 million relates to charge taken in the fourth quarter of 2002 to strengthen the Company's A&E reserves and is analysed in more detail below. All of the A&E development was incurred in the Insurance - North American segment. An analysis of the remaining $193 million of prior period development follows.
76
Insurance - North American's total incurred losses of $2.2 billion include $79 million of prior period development, $59 million from ACE USA and $20 million from ACE Bermuda. In ACE USA, prior period development arose from several lines of business including $13 million from its ACE Risk Management business, $11 million from the Consumer Solutions business and $35 million from two lines of business now in run-off. ACE Risk Management, ACE USA's largest business line with over $1.3 billion of net loss reserves, is the large commercial package business that includes workers' compensation and commercial automobile covers. During 2002, the Company incurred $13 million to increase the workers' compensation, commercial automobile and the health care asset management run-off books, principally for the 2000 accident year, as a result of regular actuarial reviews of these lines of business. The Consumer Solutions group incurred $11 million related to the 2001 accident year, principally from its warranty line as a result of an actuarial study completed in late 2002. Of the $35 million from run-off business, $18 million arose from the Commercial Insurance Service ("CIS") line, which comprises middle market casualty exposures. In 1999, the Company sold the renewal rights to this business and is running off the existing reserves. $12 million relates to one adverse court decision in the Financial Institutions business on a 2001 accident year claim and the remaining $5 million relates to general reserve increases resulting from actuarial reviews.
In ACE Bermuda, the Company incurred $45 million of prior year losses related to aerospace losses, $31 million related to satellite losses and $14 million of aviation losses. The satellite losses principally relate to three losses from satellites launched between 1999 and 2001 that have subsequently experienced problems. The aviation losses relate to increases in claims reserves on almost 300 claims in the 1997 through 2001 accident years. The remaining reserves on this line principally relate to long-tail product liability policies. ACE Bermuda discontinued the satellite business in 2002 and the aviation business in 2000. These increases were partially offset as excess liability reserves improved by $28 million. The Company was successful in recovering subrogation on a loss from the 1988 accident year and had a positive development on a claim for the 1989 accident year. These two items accounted for an improvement of $45 million. This was partially offset by claims development in 1995 and 1996. The remaining $3 million relates to general reserve increases resulting from actuarial reviews.
Insurance - Overseas General's total incurred losses of $1.4 billion include $104 million of prior year losses, of which $36 million came from ACE Global Markets and $68 million came from ACE International. In ACE Global Markets, $26 million of prior period development arose from aerospace losses in the 2000 and 2001 accident years, principally from the same satellite losses that impacted ACE Bermuda. The remaining $10 million relates to a number of small losses across several business lines. In ACE International, $44 million of prior period development arose from developing casualty losses in Australia, Norway, Italy and the Netherlands. The increases related to development on several large claims caused by new information that changed the total value of these claims from last year. In addition, ACE Europe incurred $14 million of D&O losses, partly in response to specific large losses and partly due to a change in assumptions as experience has changed from last year. The remaining $10 million relates to small losses across several lines.
Global Reinsurance's total incurred losses of $304 million include positive development in prior period reserves of $20 million. Most of Global Reinsurance's reserves at December 31, 2002 relate to short-tail, catastrophe- oriented lines where unpaid claims are set using a blend of market share analysis on industry loss reports and reported claims from customers. Initial loss reserve estimates are then revised as necessary to reflect the actual loss experience of the customer. During 2002, Global Reinsurance determined that the loss reserves carried on certain of its contracts related to the 1998 through 2001 accident years were in excess of the reserves required based on the latest assessment. This resulted in favorable prior year loss development. There were no changes in assumptions used in the reserving process in 2002.
Total incurred losses of $947 million for Financial Services include $30 million of prior period development principally from the ACE Financial Solutions International book, which comprises large, unique transactions, including LPTs. $12 million relates to the amortization of the deferred assets on the LPTs. The remaining amount principally relates to three accounts where recent information resulted in an increase in the total reserve positions for these accounts primarily for the 1998 through 2001 accident years.
Net losses and loss expenses incurred for the year ended December 31, 2001 include $94 million of prior year development principally in the Insurance - Overseas General segment. This development was reflected during the fourth quarter of 2001 when the Company recorded additional reserves to strengthen its casualty loss reserves.
77
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
ACE Limited and Subsidiaries
Net losses and loss expenses incurred for the year ended December 31, 2000 include favorable development of reserves from prior periods of $60 million, primarily from the Global Reinsurance and Insurance - North American segments, partially offset by unfavorable development in the Financial Services segment.
ASBESTOS AND ENVIRONMENTAL
Included in the Company's liabilities for losses and loss expenses are liabilities for asbestos, environmental and latent injury damage claims and expenses. These claims are principally related to claims arising from remediation costs associated with hazardous waste sites and bodily-injury claims related to asbestos products and environmental hazards. These amounts include provisions for both reported and IBNR claims.
In January 2003, the Company completed an internal review of its A&E reserves. As a result of this review, the Company increased its gross A&E reserve, for the year ended December 31, 2002, by $2.2 billion, offset by $1.9 billion of reinsurance recoverable, including $533 million of reinsurance purchased from the National Indemnity Company ("NICO") as part of the acquisition of CIGNA's P&C business. The Company also increased its bad debt provision for reinsurance recoverable by $145 million. As a result of these two items, together with ACE Bermuda's ten percent participation in the NICO cover, the net increase in exposure was determined to be $516 million ($354 million after income tax) and was recorded in the fourth quarter of 2002.
The following table presents selected loss reserve data for A&E exposures at December 31, 2002 and 2001.

                                                          2002                      2001
                                                -------------------------- ----------------------
(in millions of U.S. dollars)                        GROSS           NET         Gross        Net
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Asbestos                                        $    3,192    $      446    $    1,085   $    149
Environmental and other latent exposures             1,352           403         1,037        452
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                           $    4,544    $      849    $    2,122   $    601
=================================================================================================	

During the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, the Company made payments of $308 million and $239 million, respectively, with respect to latent claims.
The Company's exposure to asbestos principally arises out of liabilities acquired when the Company purchased the P&C business of CIGNA in 1999 and Westchester Specialty from Talegen in 1998. While the Company certainly has other insurance operations, exposure to asbestos liabilities is concentrated in these two areas of business. Of these two areas, the larger and potentially more volatile exposure is contained within the liabilities acquired in the CIGNA transaction. These liabilities reside in the various subsidiaries of Brandywine Holdings, Inc. ("Brandywine"), which was created in 1995 by the restructuring of CIGNA's domestic operations into separate ongoing and run-off operations.
As part of the acquisition of the CIGNA P&C business, NICO provided reinsurance protection against adverse development for the aggregate liabilities of Brandywine, including environmental and asbestos liabilities. In the fourth quarter of 2002, the Company increased its A&E reserves, exhausting the NICO reinsurance cover protecting Brandywine.
As part of the acquisition of the Westchester business, NICO provided reinsurance protection for adverse development for all losses occurring prior to 1997. At December 31, 2002, the remaining limit in the NICO reinsurance cover protecting ACE Westchester Specialty was approximately $600 million. None of the recent increase to reserves is attributable to Westchester's asbestos liabilities.
The Company conducts a reserve review of its asbestos reserves on a quarterly basis. This reserve review includes a detailed individual claim review and analysis of the policies at issue, legal precedents, and the Company's asbestos settlement history, as well as factual and investigative developments. The most recent review, which was carried out by an internal task force, included a comprehensive re-evaluation of claims as of September 2002. This included a review of:
. the pending claim inventory and the projection of future filings;
. the characterization of injury types and the projected future distribution by injury type;
. the total coverage profile for the account and our share of that coverage profile;
. products and non-products exposures;
78
. bankruptcy status and jurisdiction; and
. the external actuarial estimate of unpaid liabilities.
This evaluation process included a detailed review of assumptions relating to projections of future new defendants, and non-product exposures were identified and reserved as part of the task force process.
In addition to the internal review of asbestos reserves, the normal, biennial reserve review by an internationally-known actuarial consulting firm required by the Pennsylvania Insurance Department was recently completed. At December 31, 2002, taking into account the additions for the quarter ended December 31, 2002, the Company's asbestos reserves represent the high end of the Company's internal task force's indication of range of liability and is consistent with the best estimate of the external actuary retained by the Pennsylvania Insurance Department.
In the context of the Company's asbestos reviews, many risk factors are considered. In establishing its asbestos reserves, the Company believes the most significant variables include its assumptions with respect to payments to unimpaired claimants and the liability of peripheral defendants.
In establishing its reserves for periods prior to the fourth quarter of 2002, the Company assumed that significant additional state judicial or legislative reform would substantially eliminate payments to future claimants who are not physically impaired. The fourth quarter reserve additions were based on the more conservative assumption that there will be no future state or federal asbestos reform. Therefore, the booked asbestos reserves do not reflect any anticipated changes in the legal, social or economic environment, or any benefit from future legislative reforms.
The vast majority of the reserve increase in the fourth quarter of 2002 is due to the strengthening of the IBNR provision for peripheral defendants and future increases in severity.
The Company also considers multiple recoveries by claimants against various defendants; the ability of a claimant to bring a claim in a state in which they have no residency or exposure; the ability of a policyholder to claim the right to non-products coverage; and whether high level excess policies have the potential to be accessed given the policyholders claim trends and liability situation. The results in other asbestos cases announced by other carriers may very well have little or no relevance to the Company because other coverage exposures are highly dependent upon the specific facts of individual coverage and resolution status of disputes among carrier, policyholder and claimants.
Based on the policies, the facts, the law and a careful analysis of the impact that these risk factors will likely have on any given account, the Company estimates the potential liability for indemnity, policyholder defense costs and coverage litigation expense. There are many complex variables that are considered when estimating the reserves for its inventory of asbestos accounts. The variables involved may directly impact the predicted outcome. Sometimes, the outcomes change significantly based on a small change in one risk factor related to just one account.
The Company's current asbestos reserves are based upon an assessment of its policies, legal precedents and investigative facts, and how the various risk factors are likely to be played out as those issues are litigated. While reserving for these claims is inherently uncertain, the Company believes that its net loss reserves for these claims are adequate. The Company's reserve review process involves a continual evaluation of cases taking into account all currently known information as well as reasonable assumptions related to unknown information. When facts and circumstance change, including the impact of the risk factors, changes are made to reflect overall reserve adequacy. It is possible that adverse developments could cause the Company to re-evaluate its assumptions. This could lead the Company to further increase its asbestos related reserves, which could have a material adverse effect on future operating results.
As stated above, the Company's exposure to asbestos arises principally out of liabilities acquired in connection with the CIGNA and Westchester transactions, with the larger exposure resting in the various Brandywine subsidiaries, which were acquired as part of the acquisition of CIGNA's P&C operations. Pursuant to the restructuring order that created Brandywine, the obligations of the active insurance subsidiaries of ACE INA (which do not include the companies acquired in the Westchester transaction) with respect to Brandywine's asbestos liabilities, are limited to specific amounts which are payable only if certain conditions are met. The Brandywine restructuring order does not impose liability for Brandywine obligations on any of our entities other than Brandywine and the above-described regulatory requirements imposed on the active insurance subsidiaries of ACE INA.
79
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
ACE Limited and Subsidiaries
In accordance with the Brandywine restructuring order, INA Financial Corporation has established a dividend retention fund consisting of $50 million, plus investment earnings, which it must contribute to Century Indemnity, a Brandywine subsidiary, if Century Indemnity's capital and surplus falls below $25 million or if Century Indemnity lacks liquid assets with which to pay claims as they become due. The dividend retention fund was created by withholding a portion of the dividends paid by the active ACE INA insurance subsidiaries to INA Financial Corporation, through their parent holding companies, and further paid by INA Financial Corporation to its parent company, INA Corporation. At December 31, 2002, Century Indemnity's capital and surplus fell below $25 million and the full balance of the dividend retention fund principal and interest was contributed to Century Indemnity. To the extent in the future that dividends are paid by the active ACE INA insurance subsidiaries to INA Financial Corporation through their parent holding companies, and to the extent that INA Financial Corporation then pays such dividends to INA Corporation, a portion of those dividends must be withheld to replenish the principal of the dividend retention fund to $50 million within five years. The obligations to maintain the dividend retention fund and to replenish the fund, to the extent future dividends are paid, are ongoing until the Company receives prior written approval from the Pennsylvania Commissioner of Insurance permitting termination of the fund.
In addition, under the terms of the Brandywine restructuring order, the active ACE INA insurance subsidiaries are obligated to provide reinsurance coverage to Century Indemnity in the amount of $800 million under an aggregate excess of loss reinsurance agreement if the capital and surplus of Century Indemnity falls below $25 million or if Century Indemnity lacks liquid assets with which to pay claims as they become due. The active ACE INA insurance subsidiaries would first contribute amounts from the dividend retention fund to Century Indemnity before the aggregate excess of loss reinsurance agreement would be triggered, so the minimum capital and surplus level for reinsurance purposes will be calculated after giving effect to the dividend retention fund contribution. At December 31, 2002, coverage under the aggregate excess of loss reinsurance agreement was triggered, following contribution of the dividend retention fund. Approximately $466 million in losses were ceded to the aggregate excess of loss reinsurance agreement at December 31, 2002, leaving a remaining limit of coverage under the aggregate excess of loss reinsurance agreement of approximately $334 million.
FINANCIAL GUARANTY
At December 31, 2002 and 2001, the Company's reinsured financial guaranty portfolio was broadly diversified by bond type, geographic location and maturity schedule, with no single risk representing more than 1.2 percent and 1.3 percent, respectively, of the Company's net exposure. The Company limits its exposure to losses from reinsured financial guarantees by underwriting primarily investment grade obligations and retroceding a portion of its risks to other insurance companies.
The net financial guaranty exposure outstanding was approximately $81.8 billion and $74.2 billion at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. At December 31, 2002, the weighted average credit quality of this portfolio, including credit default swaps, was A based on ratings assigned by Standard & Poor's. The composition at December 31, 2002 and 2001, by type of issue and the range of final maturities, is as follows:
TYPE OF ISSUE

                                                                  Range of final
(in billions of U.S. dollars)                2002          2001       maturities
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Non-municipal                         $      31.7    $     26.2     1 - 30 years
Tax-backed                                   19.6          17.9     1 - 30 years
Municipal utilities                          10.4          11.3     1 - 30 years
Special revenue                               8.6           7.4     1 - 30 years
Health care                                   5.8           5.7     1 - 30 years
Structured municipal                          3.5           2.6     1 - 30 years
Other municipal                               2.2           3.1     1 - 30 years
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                 $      81.8    $     74.2
================================================================================

80	

As part of its financial guaranty business, the Company participates in credit default swap transactions whereby one counterparty pays a periodic fee in fixed basis points on a notional amount in return for a contingent payment by the other counterparty in the event one or more defined credit events occurs with respect to one or more third party reference securities or loans. A credit event is defined as a failure to pay, bankruptcy, cross acceleration (generally accompanied by a failure to pay), repudiation, restructuring or similar nonpayment event. The total notional amount of credit default swaps outstanding at December 31, 2002 and 2001, included in the Company's financial guaranty exposure above, was $20.7 billion and $15.5 billion, respectively.
At December 31, 2002 and 2001, the Company's net mortgage guaranty insurance in force (representing the current principal balance of all mortgage loans that are currently reinsured) was approximately $5.2 billion and $5.7 billion, respectively, and direct primary net risk in force was approximately $3.0 billion and $2.6 billion, respectively.
7. REINSURANCE
The Company purchases reinsurance to manage various exposures including catastrophe risks. Although reinsurance agreements contractually obligate the Company's reinsurers to reimburse it for the agreed-upon portion of its gross paid losses, they do not discharge the primary liability of the Company. The amounts for net premiums written and net premiums earned in the statements of operations are net of reinsurance. Direct, assumed and ceded amounts for these items for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 are as follows:

(in thousands of U.S. dollars)              2002           2001           2000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Premiums written
   Direct                           $  9,939,024   $  7,629,233   $  6,093,151
   Assumed                             2,879,947      2,536,129      1,493,620
   Ceded                              (4,750,673)    (3,801,748)    (2,707,417)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Net                              $  8,068,298   $  6,363,614   $  4,879,354
==============================================================================

Premiums earned
   Direct                           $  8,537,225   $  6,980,359   $  5,612,988
   Assumed                             2,525,388      2,359,241      1,361,254
   Ceded                              (4,232,109)    (3,422,423)    (2,439,479)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Net                              $  6,830,504   $  5,917,177   $  4,534,763
==============================================================================	

The composition of the Company's reinsurance recoverable at December 31, 2002 and 2001, is as follows:

(in thousands of U.S. dollars)                              2002          2001
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reinsurance recoverable on paid losses
 and loss expenses                                    $  1,363,247   $  1,066,496
Bad debt reserve on paid losses and loss expenses         (377,804)      (301,993)
Reinsurance recoverable on future policy benefits            8,846          5,335
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses
 and loss expenses                                      13,558,623     11,115,552
Bad debt reserve on unpaid losses and loss expenses       (561,459)      (486,944)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net reinsurance recoverable                           $ 13,991,453   $ 11,398,446
=================================================================================	

81
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
ACE Limited and Subsidiaries
The Company evaluates the financial condition of its reinsurers and potential reinsurers on a regular basis and also monitors concentrations of credit risk with reinsurers. The provision for unrecoverable reinsurance is required principally due to the failure of reinsurers to indemnify ACE, primarily because of disputes under reinsurance contracts and insolvencies. Provisions have been established for amounts estimated to be uncollectible.
Following is a breakdown of the Company's reinsurance recoverable on paid losses at December 31, 2002:
CATEGORY

                                                         Bad Debt    % of Total
(in millions of U.S. dollars)               Amount        Reserve       Reserve
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
General collections                   $        848   $         43           5.1%
Other                                          515            335          65.0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                 $      1,363   $        378          27.7%
===============================================================================	

General collections balances represent amounts in the process of collection in the normal course of business, for which the Company has no indication of dispute or credit issues. The Company provides bad debt reserves based primarily on the application of historical loss experience to credit categories and historical dispute statistics.
The other category includes amounts recoverable that are in dispute or are from companies who are in supervision, rehabilitation or liquidation. The Company's estimation of this reserve considers the credit quality of the reinsurer and whether the Company has received collateral or other credit protections such as parental guarantees. In addition, for specific items in dispute, the Company makes judgments based on its knowledge and experience with a particular reinsurer.
The following tables provide a listing of the Company's largest reinsurers with the first category representing the top 10 reinsurers and the second category representing the remaining reinsurers with balances greater than $20 million. The third category includes amounts due from over 2,500 companies, each having balances of less than $20 million. The bad debt reserve for these three categories is principally based on an analysis of the credit quality of the reinsurer, and collateral balances. The next category, mandatory pools and government agencies, includes amounts backed by the U.S. Government. Insurance companies are required by law to participate. The Company has assumed no bad debts or disputed amounts for this category. The fifth category, structured settlements, includes annuities purchased from life insurance companies to settle workers' compensation claims. These amounts are assigned principally to large, highly-rated life insurance companies. Since the Company retains the ultimate liability in the event that the assigned company fails to pay, it reflects the amount as a liability and a recoverable for GAAP purposes. These amounts are not subject to dispute and the bad debt reserve is established based on the credit quality of the life insurers. The next category, captives, includes companies established and owned by the Company's insurance clients to assume a significant portion of their direct insurance risk from the Company,
i.e., they are structured to allow clients to self-insure a portion of their insurance risk. It is generally the Company's policy to obtain collateral equal to expected losses; where appropriate, exceptions are granted but only with review and sign-off at a senior officer level. The final category, other, includes amounts recoverable that are in dispute or are from companies that are in supervision, rehabilitation, or liquidation. The Company establishes its bad debt reserve in this category based on a case by case analysis of individual situations, including credit and collateral analysis and consideration of the Company's collection experience in similar situations.
82
 
BREAKDOWN OF REINSURANCE RECOVERABLE

                                                         December 31       Bad Debt
(in millions of U.S. dollars)                                   2002        Reserve    % of Gross
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CATEGORIES
Top 10 reinsurers                                       $      7,732   $         93           1.2%
Other reinsurers balances greater than $20 million             2,519            175           6.9
Other reinsurers balances less than $20 million                1,590            148           9.3
Mandatory pools and government agencies                          771              4           0.5
Structured settlements                                           730              3           0.4
Captives                                                         786              4           0.5
Other                                                            802            512          63.8
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                   $     14,930   $        939           6.3%
=================================================================================================	

TOP 10 REINSURERS
AXA                                   Hannover Re                                  SCOR Group
Berkshire Hathaway Insurance Group    Lloyd's of London                            Swiss Re Group
EQUITAS                               Munich Re                                    Zurich Financial Services Group
GE Global Insurance Group
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OTHER REINSURERS BALANCES GREATER THAN $20 MILLION

ABB Group                             Excess & Casualty Reinsurance Association      PMA Capital Insurance Company
Allianz Group                         Fairfax Financial                              RenaissanceRe Holdings Ltd
Allstate Financial                    FM Global Group                                Royal & Sun Alliance Insurance Group plc
American International Group          Gerling Group                                  Sompo Japan Insurance Inc
Aviva plc                             Hartford Insurance Group                       St. Paul Companies
Chubb Group of Insurance Companies    Independence Blue Cross (Amerihealth)          Toa Reinsurance Company
CNA Insurance Companies               IRB - Brasil Resseguros S.A.                   Travelers Property Casualty Group
Converium Group                       Liberty Mutual Insurance Companies             Trenwick Group
DaimlerChrysler Group                 Markel Corporation Group                       White Mountains Insurance Group
Dominion Ins. Co. Ltd.                Overseas Partners Ltd.                         XL Capital Group
Dorinco Reinsurance Co.               PartnerRe Group
Everest Re Group	

8. COMMITMENTS, CONTINGENCIES AND GUARANTEES
a) DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS
The Company maintains investments in derivative instruments such as futures, options, interest rate swaps and foreign currency forward contracts for which the primary purposes are to manage duration and foreign currency exposure, yield enhancement or to obtain an exposure to a particular financial market. The Company currently records changes in market value of these instruments as realized gains or losses in the consolidated statements of operations.
(i) Foreign currency exposure management
The Company uses foreign currency forward contracts to minimize the effect of fluctuating foreign currencies. The forward currency contracts purchased are not specifically identifiable against cash, any single security or groups of securities denominated in those currencies, and therefore, do not qualify as hedges for financial reporting purposes. All realized and unrealized contract gains and losses are reflected currently in the statements of operations. The contractual amount of the foreign currency forward contracts at December 31, 2002, was $82 million, the current fair value was $80 million and the unrealized loss was $2 million.
83
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
ACE Limited and Subsidiaries
(ii) Duration management and market exposure
Futures
A portion of the Company's equity exposure is attained using a synthetic equity strategy, whereby equity index futures contracts are held in an amount equal to the market value of an underlying portfolio comprised of short-term investments and fixed maturities. This creates an equity market exposure equal in value to the total amount of funds invested in this strategy. In addition, exchange traded bond and note futures contracts may be used in fixed maturity portfolios as substitutes for ownership of the physical bonds and notes without significantly increasing the risk in the portfolio. Investments in financial futures contracts may be made only to the extent that there are assets under management, not otherwise committed.
Futures contracts give the holder the right and obligation to participate in market movements, determined by the index or underlying security on which the futures contract is based. Settlement is made daily in cash by an amount equal to the change in value of the futures contract times a multiplier that scales the size of the contract. At December 31, 2002, the contract amount of $441 million reflects the net extent of involvement the Company had in these financial instruments.
Options
Option contracts may be used in the portfolio as protection against unexpected shifts in interest rates, which would thereby affect the duration of the fixed maturity portfolio. By using options in the portfolio, the overall interest rate sensitivity of the portfolio can be reduced. Option contracts may also be used as an alternative to futures contracts in the Company's synthetic equity strategy as described above. An option contract conveys to the holder the right, but not the obligation, to purchase or sell a specified amount or value of an underlying security at a fixed price. The price of an option is influenced by the underlying security, expected volatility, time to expiration and supply and demand.
For long option positions, the maximum loss is the premium paid for the option. The maximum credit exposure is represented by the fair value of the options held. For short option positions, the potential loss is the same as having taken a position in the underlying security. Short call options are backed in the portfolio with the underlying, or highly correlated, securities and short put options are backed by uncommitted cash for the in-the-money portion.
Interest rate swaps
An interest rate swap is a contract between two counterparties in which interest payments are made based on a notional principal amount, which itself is never paid or received. At December 31, 2002, the notional principal amount was $1.2 billion. Under the terms of an interest rate swap, one counterparty makes interest payments based on a fixed interest rate and the other counterparty's payments are based on a floating rate. Interest rate swap contracts are used in the portfolio as protection against unexpected shifts in interest rates, which would affect the fair value of the fixed maturity portfolio. By using swaps in the portfolio, the overall duration or interest rate sensitivity of the portfolio can be reduced.
The credit risk associated with the above derivative financial instruments relates to the potential for non-performance by counterparties. Non-performance is not anticipated; however, in order to minimize the risk of loss, management monitors the creditworthiness of its counterparties. The performance of exchange traded instruments is guaranteed by the exchange on which they trade. For non-exchange traded instruments, the counterparties are principally banks, which must meet certain criteria according to the Company's investment guidelines. These counterparties are required to have a minimum credit rating of AA- by Standard and Poors or Aa3 by Moody's. In addition, certain contracts require that collateral be posted once pre-determined thresholds are breached as a result of market movements.
b) CONCENTRATIONS OF CREDIT RISK
The investment portfolio is managed following prudent standards of diversification. Specific provisions limit the allowable holdings of a single issue and issuers. The Company believes that there are no significant concentrations of credit risk associated with its investments.
84
c) CREDIT FACILITIES
In April 2002, the Company renewed its $800 million, 364-day revolving credit facility. This facility, together with the Company's $250 million, five-year revolving credit facility, which was last renewed in May 2000, is available for general corporate purposes and as commercial paper back-up. The five-year facility also permits the issuance of letters of credit. At December 31, 2002, the outstanding letters of credit issued under this facility amounted to $64 million and there were no other drawings or letters of credit issued under this facility. In September 2002, the Company reduced the availability under the 364-day facility from $800 million to $500 million. The higher amount was no longer required given the Company's decreased use of commercial paper and its access to repurchase agreement financing. The Company is currently negotiating the annual renewal of its 364-day facility.
ACE Tempest Re also maintained an uncollateralized, syndicated revolving credit facility in the amount of $72.5 million, which was guaranteed by the Company. This facility expired in February 2002 and was not renewed. No amounts had been drawn on this facility.
At December 31, 2002, ACE Guaranty Corp. was party to a credit facility which provides up to $175 million specifically supporting the company's municipal portfolio and designed to provide rating agency qualified capital to further support ACE Guaranty Corp.'s claims-paying resources. During 2002, the facility's expiry date was extended to November 2009. ACE Guaranty Corp. has not borrowed under this credit facility. In 2002, ACE Guaranty Corp. entered into a $100 million, 364-day revolving credit facility that expires on May 28, 2003. The facility is available for general corporate purposes. ACE Guaranty Corp. has not borrowed under this credit facility.
d) LETTERS OF CREDIT
In November 2002, to fulfill the requirements of Lloyd's for open years of account, the Company renewed and decreased a syndicated uncollateralized, five-year LOC facility in the amount of (pound)380 million (approximately $619 million). This facility was originally arranged in 1998. This LOC facility requires that the Company and/or certain of its subsidiaries continue to maintain certain covenants, including a minimum consolidated net worth covenant and a maximum leverage covenant.
In September 2002, the Company arranged a $500 million unsecured syndicated, one-year LOC facility for general business purposes, including the issuance of insurance and reinsurance letters of credit. This facility replaced a then existing LOC facility in the amount of $450 million. Usage under this facility was $455 million at December 31, 2002 compared with $373 million at December 31, 2001. In September 2002, the Company also arranged a $350 million secured, syndicated, one year LOC facility for general business purposes, including the issuance of insurance and reinsurance letters of credit. This facility replaced an LOC facility originally arranged in December 2001 in the amount of $500 million. Usage under this facility was $276 million at December 31, 2002 and $130 million at December 31, 2001. The LOCs issued under both of these facilities principally support unpaid losses and loss expenses already included in the Company's balance sheet.
The Company also maintains various other LOC facilities, both collateralized and uncollateralized, for general purposes. At December 31, 2002, the aggregate availability under these facilities was $521 million and usage was $405 million.
e) LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The Company's insurance subsidiaries are subject to claims litigation involving disputed interpretations of policy coverages and, in some jurisdictions, direct actions by allegedly-injured persons seeking damages from policyholders. These lawsuits, involving claims on policies issued by our subsidiaries which are typical to the insurance industry in general and in the normal course of business, are considered in the Company's loss and loss expense reserves. In addition to claims litigation, the Company and its subsidiaries are subject to lawsuits and regulatory actions in the normal course of business that do not arise from or directly relate to claims on insurance policies. This category of business litigation typically involves, inter alia, allegations of underwriting errors or misconduct, employment claims, regulatory activity or disputes arising from business ventures. While the outcomes of the business litigation involving the Company cannot be predicted with certainty at this point, the Company is disputing, and will continue to dispute, allegations against it that are without merit. The Company believes that the ultimate outcomes of matters in this category of business litigation will not have a material adverse effect on the financial condition, future operating results or liquidity of the Company, although an adverse resolution of a number of these items could have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations in a particular quarter or fiscal year.
f) LEASE COMMITMENTS
The Company and its subsidiaries lease office space in the countries in which they operate under operating leases which expire at various dates through January 2018. The Company renews and enters into new leases in the ordinary course of business as required. Total rent expense with respect to these operating leases for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 was approximately $65 million, $62 million and $64 million, respectively.
85
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
ACE Limited and Subsidiaries
Future minimum lease payments under the leases are expected to be as follows:

                                                  Year ending
(in millions of U.S. dollars)                     December 31
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                         2003    $        75
                                                         2004             69
                                                         2005             63
                                                         2006             39
                                                         2007             34
                                                  Later years            138
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total minimum future lease commitments                           $       418
============================================================================	

(g) ACQUISITION OF BUSINESS ENTITIES
Pursuant to the restructuring order that created Brandywine, the active ACE INA insurance subsidiaries are obligated to provide reinsurance coverage to Century Indemnity in the amount of $800 million under an aggregate excess of loss reinsurance agreement if the capital and surplus of Century Indemnity falls below $25 million or if Century Indemnity lacks liquid assets with which to pay claims as they become due. (See Note 6 for additional disclosure.)
9. DEBT
The following table outlines the Company's debt as of December 31, 2002 and 2001.

(in millions of U.S. dollars)                                    2002       2001
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SHORT-TERM DEBT
ACE INA commercial paper                                     $    146   $      -
ACE Financial Services Note                                         -         25
Reverse Repurchase Agreements                                       -        395
ACE Financial Services Debentures                                   -         75
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                             $    146   $    495
================================================================================
LONG-TERM DEBT
ACE INA Notes due 2004                                       $    400   $    400
ACE INA Notes due 2006                                            300        299
ACE Limited Senior Notes due 2007                                 499          -
ACE US Holdings Senior Notes due 2008                             250        250
ACE INA Subordinated Notes due 2009                               200        300
ACE INA Debentures due 2029                                       100        100
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                             $  1,749   $  1,349
================================================================================
TRUST PREFERRED SECURITIES
Capital Re LLC Monthly Income Preferred Securities due 2044  $     75   $     75
ACE INA Trust Preferred Securities due 2029                       100        100
ACE INA Capital Securities due 2030                               300        300
ACE INA RHINO Preferred Securities                                  -        400
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                             $    475   $    875
================================================================================

86	

a) SHORT-TERM DEBT
The Company arranged certain commercial paper programs in 1999. The programs use revolving credit facilities as back-up facilities and provide for up to $2.8 billion in commercial paper issuance (subject to the availability of back-up facilities, which currently total $750 million as outlined in Note 8) for ACE and for ACE INA. For the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, commercial paper rates averaged 1.9 percent and 5.0 percent, respectively.
At December 31, 2001, the Company had $395 million in borrowings under repurchase agreements outstanding with various counterparties. Under these repurchase agreements, the Company agreed to sell securities and repurchase them at a date in the future for a predetermined price. The Company had used the proceeds of these repurchase transactions to repay maturing commercial paper and bank borrowings that were drawn subsequent to the September 11 tragedy. During 2002, the Company repaid the amounts owed to brokers under securities repurchase transactions with the proceeds raised from the issuance of commercial paper and internal liquidity. In addition, the Company repaid the $25 million ACE Financial Services bank note. The Company also repaid the $75 million ACE Financial Services Debentures in October 2002.
b) ACE LIMITED SENIOR NOTES
In March 2002, ACE Limited issued $500 million of 6.0 percent notes due April 1, 2007. The notes are not redeemable before maturity and do not have the benefit of any sinking fund. These senior unsecured notes rank equally with all of the Company's other senior obligations and contain a customary limitation on lien provisions as well as customary events of default provisions which, if breached, could result in the accelerated maturity of such senior debt.
c) ACE INA NOTES AND DEBENTURES
In 1999, ACE INA issued $400 million of 8.2 percent notes due August 15, 2004, $300 million of 8.3 percent notes due August 15, 2006, and $100 million of 8.875 percent debentures due August 15, 2029. The notes and debentures are not redeemable before maturity and do not have the benefit of any sinking fund. These unsecured notes and debentures are guaranteed on a senior basis by the Company and they rank equally with all of ACE INA's other senior indebtedness.
d) ACE US HOLDINGS SENIOR NOTES
In 1998, ACE US Holdings issued $250 million in aggregate principal amount of unsecured senior notes maturing in October 2008. Interest payments, based on a floating rate, averaged 8.6 percent during fiscal 2002 and fiscal 2001. The senior notes are callable subject to certain call premiums. Simultaneously, the Company entered into a notional $250 million swap transaction that has the economic effect of reducing the cost of debt to the consolidated group, excluding fees and expenses, to 6.47 percent for 10 years. Certain assets totaling approximately $90 million are pledged as collateral in connection with the swap transaction. In the event that the Company terminates the swap prematurely, the Company would be liable for certain transaction costs. The swap counterparty is a highly-rated major financial institution and the Company does not anticipate non-performance.
e) ACE INA SUBORDINATED NOTES
In 1999, ACE INA issued $300 million, 11.2 percent unsecured subordinated notes maturing in December 2009. The subordinated notes are callable subject to certain call premiums. Simultaneously, the Company entered into a notional $300 million swap transaction that has the economic effect of reducing the cost of debt to the consolidated group, excluding fees and expenses, to 8.41 percent for 10 years. Certain assets totaling approximately $105 million are pledged as collateral in connection with the swap transaction. In the event that the Company terminates the swap prematurely, the Company would be liable for certain transaction costs. The swap counter party is a highly-rated major financial institution and the Company does not anticipate non-performance. During 2002, the Company repaid $100 million of these notes and swaps, and incurred debt prepayment expenses of $25 million ($17 million, net of income tax) which is reported as other expense in the statement of operations.
87
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
ACE Limited and Subsidiaries
f) ACE INA RHINO PREFERRED SECURITIES
In 1999, ACE RHINOS Trust sold, in a private placement, $400 million of Auction Rate Reset Preferred Securities ("Preferred Securities"). The sole assets of the Trust consisted of $412 million of Auction Rate Reset Subordinated Notes Series A ("Subordinated Notes") issued by ACE INA. Proceeds of the Ordinary Share Offering of September 12, 2000, which was completed in satisfaction of a related agreement with Bank of America Securities, were used to support the Company's guarantee of the Subordinated Notes. The Company repaid $200 million in principal amount of Preferred Securities during the quarter ended June 30, 2002 and the remaining $200 million of these Preferred Securities during the quarter ending September 30, 2002 when they matured.
g) CAPITAL RE LLC MONTHLY INCOME PREFERRED SECURITIES
In 1994, ACE Financial Services, through Capital Re LLC, issued $75 million of company obligated, mandatorily redeemable preferred securities. Capital Re LLC exists solely for the purpose of issuing preferred and common shares. These securities pay monthly dividends at a rate of 7.65 percent per annum, are callable as of January 1999 at par and are mandatorily redeemable in January 2044. The Company has guaranteed all obligations of Capital Re LLC.
h) ACE INA TRUST PREFERRED SECURITIES
In 1999, ACE Capital Trust I, a Delaware statutory business trust ("ACE Capital Trust I") issued $100 million, 8.875 percent Trust Originated Preferred Securities (the "Trust Preferred Securities"). All of the common securities of ACE Capital Trust I (the "ACE Capital Trust I Common Securities") are owned by
ACE INA.
The Trust Preferred Securities mature on December 31, 2029. The maturity date may be extended for one or more periods but not later than December 31, 2048. Distributions on the Trust Preferred Securities are payable quarterly at a rate of 8.875 percent. ACE Capital Trust I may defer these payments for up to 20 consecutive quarters (but no later than December 31, 2029, unless the maturity date is extended). Any deferred payments would accrue interest quarterly on a compounded basis if ACE INA defers interest on the subordinated debentures (as defined below).
The sole assets of ACE Capital Trust I consist of $103,092,800 principal amount of 8.875 percent Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures (the "Subordinated Debentures") issued by ACE INA. The Subordinated Debentures mature on December 31, 2029. Interest on the Subordinated Debentures is payable quarterly at a rate of 8.875 percent. ACE INA may defer such interest payments (but no later than December 31, 2029, unless the maturity date is extended), with such deferred payments accruing interest compounded quarterly. ACE INA may redeem the Subordinated Debentures at 100 percent of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date, in whole or in part, at any time on or after December 31, 2004, and in whole but not in part prior to December 31, 2004, in the event certain changes in tax or investment company law occur. The Trust Preferred Securities and the ACE Capital Trust I Common Securities will be redeemed upon repayment of the Subordinated Debentures.
The Company has guaranteed, on a subordinated basis, ACE INA's obligations under the Subordinated Debentures and distributions and other payments due on the Trust Preferred Securities. These guarantees, when taken together with the Company's obligations under an expense agreement entered into with ACE Capital Trust I, provide a full and unconditional guarantee of amounts due on the Trust Preferred Securities.
i) ACE INA CAPITAL SECURITIES
In 2000, ACE Capital Trust II, a Delaware statutory business trust ("ACE Capital Trust II"), issued and sold in a public offering $300 million, 9.7 percent Capital Securities (the "Capital Securities"). All of the common securities of ACE Capital Trust II (the "ACE Capital Trust II Common Securities") are owned by
ACE INA.
The Capital Securities mature on April 1, 2030, which may not be extended. Distributions on the Capital Securities are payable semi-annually. ACE Capital Trust II may defer these payments for up to 10 consecutive semi-annual periods (but no later than April 1, 2030). Any deferred payments would accrue interest semi-annually on a compounded basis if ACE INA defers interest on the Subordinated Debentures due 2030 (as defined below).
88
The sole assets of ACE Capital Trust II consist of $309,280,000 principal amount of 9.7 percent Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures (the "Subordinated Debentures due 2030") issued by ACE INA. The Subordinated Debentures due 2030 mature on April 1, 2030. Interest on the Subordinated Debentures due 2030 is payable semi-annually. ACE INA may defer such interest payments (but no later than April 1, 2030), with such deferred payments accruing interest compounded semi-annually. ACE INA may redeem the Subordinated Debentures due 2030 in the event certain changes in tax or investment company law occur at a redemption price equal to accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date plus the greater of (i) 100 percent of the principal amount thereof, or (ii) the sum of the present value of scheduled payments of principal and interest on the debentures from the redemption date to April 1, 2030. The Capital Securities and the ACE Capital Trust II Common Securities will be redeemed upon repayment of the Subordinated Debentures due 2030.
The Company has guaranteed, on a subordinated basis, ACE INA's obligations under the Subordinated Debentures due 2030, and distributions and other payments due on the Capital Securities. These guarantees, when taken together with the Company's obligations under expense agreements entered into with ACE Capital Trust II, provide a full and unconditional guarantee of amounts due on the Capital Securities.
10. MEZZANINE EQUITY
On April 12, 2000, the Company publicly offered and issued 6,000,000 FELINE PRIDES. On May 8, 2000, exercise of the over-allotment option resulted in the issuance of an additional 221,000 FELINE PRIDES, for aggregate net proceeds of approximately $311 million. Each FELINE PRIDE initially consists of a unit referred to as an Income PRIDE. Each Income PRIDE consists of (i) one 8.25 percent Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Share, Series A, liquidation preference, $50 per share, of the Company, and (ii) a purchase contract pursuant to which the holder of the Income PRIDE agrees to purchase from the Company, on May 16, 2003, Ordinary Shares at the applicable settlement rate. Each preferred share is pledged to the Company to secure the holders obligations under the purchase contract. A holder of an Income PRIDE can obtain the release of the preferred share by substituting certain zero-coupon treasury securities as security for performance under the purchase contract. The resulting unit consisting of the zero-coupon treasury security and the purchase contract is a Growth PRIDE, and the preferred shares would be a separate security. A holder of a Growth PRIDE can convert it back into an Income PRIDE by depositing preferred shares as security for performance under the purchase contract and thereby obtain the release of the zero-coupon treasury securities.
The aggregate liquidation preference of the 8.25 percent Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Shares is $311 million. Unless deferred by the Company, the preferred shares pay dividends quarterly at a rate of 8.25 percent per year to May 16, 2003, and thereafter at the reset rate established pursuant to a remarketing procedure. If the Company elects to defer dividend payments on the preferred shares, the dividends will continue to accrue and the Company will be restricted from paying dividends on its Ordinary Shares and taking certain other actions. The preferred shares are not redeemable prior to June 16, 2003, on which date they must be redeemed by the Company in whole.
11. SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
a) SHARES ISSUED AND OUTSTANDING
Following is a table of changes in Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000:

                                                           2002            2001            2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Opening balance                                     259,861,205     232,346,579     217,460,515
Shares issued, net                                      332,547      32,415,912      13,008,419
Exercise of stock options                             2,232,985       1,648,326       1,826,993
Shares issued under Employee Stock Purchase Plan        252,619         211,288          50,652
Repurchase of shares                                          -      (6,760,900)              -
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                    262,679,356     259,861,205     232,346,579
===============================================================================================
ORDINARY SHARES ISSUED TO EMPLOYEE TRUST
Opening balance                                        (713,475)       (661,125)       (659,625)
Shares issued                                           (43,000)        (52,350)         (1,500)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       (756,475)       (713,475)       (661,125)
===============================================================================================	

89
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
ACE Limited and Subsidiaries
In 2002, under the terms of the Company's long-term incentive plans, 887,000 restricted Ordinary Shares were issued to officers and directors of the Company and 554,453 restricted Ordinary Shares were cancelled. In October 2001, the Company completed a public offering of 32.89 million Ordinary Shares (which included the over-allotment option of 4.29 million shares) in which it raised aggregate net proceeds of approximately $1.1 billion. The Company used the net proceeds of the Ordinary Share offering to expand its net underwriting capacity and for general corporate purposes. In addition, 474,088 restricted Ordinary Shares of the Company were cancelled in connection with the Company's long-term incentive plans during 2001.
In September 2000, the Company completed a public offering of 12.25 million Ordinary Shares (which included exercise of the over-allotment option of 1.25 million shares) in which it raised aggregate net proceeds of approximately $400 million. The offering was made in satisfaction of a June 29, 1999, agreement with Banc of America Securities LLC. In addition, the Company issued 758,419 restricted Ordinary Shares in connection with the Company's long term incentive plans during 2000.
Ordinary Shares issued to employee trust are the shares issued by the Company to a rabbi trust for deferred compensation obligations (see Note 12g).
b) ACE LIMITED SECURITIES REPURCHASE AUTHORIZATION
In November 2001, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of any ACE issued debt or capital securities, including ACE's Ordinary Shares, up to an aggregate total of $250 million. These purchases may take place from time to time in the open market or in private purchase transactions. At December 31, 2002, this authorization has not been utilized. During 2001, the Company repurchased and cancelled 6,760,900 Ordinary Shares under a previous repurchase authorization for an aggregate cost of $179.4 million.
c) GENERAL RESTRICTIONS
The holders of the Ordinary Shares are entitled to receive dividends and are allowed one vote per share provided that, if the controlled shares of any shareholder constitute 10 percent or more of the outstanding Ordinary Shares of the Company, only a fraction of the vote will be allowed so as not to exceed 10 percent. Generally, the Company's directors have absolute discretion to decline to register any transfer of shares. All transfers are subject to the restriction that they may not increase to 10 percent or higher the proportion of issued Ordinary Shares owned by any shareholder.
d) DIVIDENDS DECLARED
Dividends declared on Ordinary Shares amounted to $0.66, $0.58 and $0.50 per Ordinary Share for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. Dividends declared on Mezzanine equity amounted to $26 million for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001 and $18 million for the year ended December 31, 2000.
12. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
a) PENSION PLANS
The Company provides pension benefits to eligible employees and their dependents through various defined contribution plans and defined benefit plans sponsored by the Company. These plans include a capital accumulation plan (401(k)) in the United States.
Defined contribution plans (including (401(k))
Under these plans, employees contributions may be supplemented by ACE matching donations based on the level of employee contribution. These contributions are invested at the election of each employee in one or more of several investment portfolios offered by a third party investment advisor. In addition, the Company may provide additional matching contributions, depending on its annual financial performance. Expenses for these plans totaled $43 million, $39 million and $37 million for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively.
90
Defined benefit plans
The plans are non-contributory, defined benefit plans and are based on employees' years of service and compensation during final years of service. All underlying defined benefit plans are subject to periodic actuarial valuation. The Company funds the plans at least at the minimum amount required by FAS 87, "Employers' Accounting for Pensions". The accumulated benefit obligation is compared to plan assets, both as defined in FAS 87, and any resulting deficiency is recorded as a liability in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities.
The status of the defined benefit pension plans at December 31, 2002 and 2001, is as follows:

(in thousands of U.S. dollars)                              2002           2001
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Change in benefit obligation
   Benefit obligation, at beginning of year          $   171,889    $   166,356
   Service cost                                            2,840          4,371
   Interest cost                                           9,175          8,358
   Actuarial gain                                          3,871         12,632
   Benefits paid                                          (6,141)       (11,841)
   Foreign currency losses                                 9,663          3,178
   Amendments                                                  -           (408)
   Curtailment                                                 -         (1,286)
   Settlement                                                  -         (9,470)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Benefit obligation, at end of year                $   191,297    $   171,890
===============================================================================

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Change in plan assets
   Fair value of plan assets, at beginning of year   $   133,659    $   109,660
   Actual return on plan assets                          (37,407)        21,687
   Employer contribution                                   5,882          8,582
   Benefits paid                                          (6,141)       (11,841)
   Foreign currency gains                                 10,155          5,571
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Fair value of plan assets, at end of year         $   106,148    $   133,659
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   Funded status                                     $   (85,149)   $   (38,231)
   Unrecognized net actuarial (gain)/loss                 50,823         (1,445)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Accrued benefit cost                              $   (34,326)   $   (39,676)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Components of net benefit cost
   Service cost                                      $     2,840    $     4,371
   Interest cost                                           9,175          8,358
   Expected return on plan assets                        (11,011)        (9,899)
   Recognized net actuarial (gain)/loss                      152         (9,529)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Net benefit cost                                  $     1,156    $    (6,699)
===============================================================================	

The following are the key assumptions used in the actuarial determination of the pension obligation:

                                                            2002           2001
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Weighted-average assumptions as of December 31
Discount rate                                               5.06%          6.53%
Expected rate of return on plan assets                      3.35%          4.22%
Rate of compensation increase                               7.81%          8.16%
===============================================================================	

91
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
ACE Limited and Subsidiaries
b) OPTIONS AND STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHTS
In February 1996 and November 1998, shareholders of the Company approved the ACE Limited 1995 Long-Term Incentive Plan and the ACE Limited 1998 Long-Term Incentive Plan, respectively (the "Incentive Plans"), which incorporate stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards and stock purchase programs. At December 31, 2002, there were 11.7 million Ordinary Shares of the Company available for award under these Incentive Plans. Prior to the adoption of the Incentive Plans, the Company adopted the Equity Linked Incentive Plan, which incorporated both a Stock Appreciation Rights Plan and a Stock Option Plan ("Option Plan") which will continue to run off. Under the Option Plan, generally, options expire ten years after the award date and are subject to a vesting period of four years. Stock options granted under the Incentive Plan may be exercised for Ordinary Shares of the Company upon vesting. Under the Incentive Plans, generally, options expire ten years after the award date and vest in equal portions over three years.
During 1999, the Company established the ACE Limited 1999 Replacement Stock Plan. This plan was established to replace existing Capital Re employee benefits in connection with the Capital Re acquisition, as well as to permit additional grants to employees of the Company. The Company may grant options, stock appreciation rights, stock units, performance shares, performance units, restricted stock and restricted stock units. Any such award shall be subject to such conditions, restrictions and contingencies as the Company determines. At December 31, 2002, two million Ordinary Shares were available for grant under this plan.
c) OPTIONS
(i) Options outstanding
Following is a summary of options issued and outstanding for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000:

                                      Year of            Average        Options for
                                   Expiration     Exercise Price    Ordinary Shares
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance at December 31, 1999                                             13,964,760
Options granted                          2010      $       25.26          4,214,018
Options exercised                   2003-2009      $       35.71         (1,826,993)
Options forfeited                   2006-2008      $       25.30           (454,985)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance at December 31, 2000                                             15,896,800
Options granted                          2011      $       35.63          3,821,615
Options exercised                   2002-2010      $       37.87         (1,648,326)
Options forfeited                   2004-2011      $       26.28           (999,459)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance at December 31, 2001                                             17,070,630
Options granted                          2012      $       42.57          5,220,693
Options exercised                   2003-2012      $       40.01         (2,232,985)
Options forfeited                   2006-2012      $       33.22           (746,051)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance at December 31, 2002                                             19,312,287
===================================================================================	

The following table summarizes the range of exercise prices for outstanding options at December 31, 2002.

                                                         Weighted      Weighted                     Weighted
                    Range of                              Average       Average                      Average
                    Exercise         Options            Remaining      Exercise         Options     Exercise
                      Prices     Outstanding     Contractual Life         Price     Exercisable        Price
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            $    7.45-$15.00       2,792,892           2.63 years     $    8.77       2,790,225      $  8.76
            $   15.00-$30.00       7,873,618           5.93 years     $   22.43       7,759,852      $ 22.41
            $   30.00-$43.90       8,645,777           8.67 years     $   39.94       1,401,197      $ 35.68
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                  19,312,287                                         11,951,274
============================================================================================================	

92
(ii) FAS 123 pro forma disclosures
In October 1995, FASB issued FAS No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation" ("FAS 123"). FAS 123 established accounting and reporting standards for stock-based employee compensation plans, which include stock option and stock purchase plans. FAS 123 provides employers a choice: adopt FAS 123 accounting standards for all stock compensation arrangements which requires the recognition of compensation expense for the fair value of virtually all stock compensation awards; or continue to account for stock options and other forms of stock compensation under APB 25, while also providing the disclosure required under FAS 123. In December 2002, FASB issued FAS No. 148, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation-Transition and Disclosure" ("FAS 148"). FAS 148 amends the disclosure requirements of FAS 123 to require prominent disclosures in both annual and interim financial statements about the method of accounting for stock-based compensation and the effect of the method used on reported results. The Company continues to account for stock-based compensation plans in accordance with APB 25. No compensation expense for options is reflected in net income, as all options granted under those plans had an exercise price equal to the market value of the underlying common stock on the date of the grant.
The following table outlines the Company's net income available to holders of Ordinary Shares and diluted earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, had the compensation cost been determined in accordance with the fair value method recommended in FAS 123.

(in thousands of U.S. dollars, except per share data)               2002           2001         2000
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income (loss) available to holders of Ordinary Shares
As reported                                                    $  50,887   $   (172,008)  $  524,591
Compensation expense, net of income tax                        $  33,602   $     15,776   $   12,163
Pro Forma                                                      $  17,285   $   (187,784)  $  512,428

BASIC EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE:
As reported                                                    $    0.19   $      (0.74)  $     2.37
Pro Forma                                                      $    0.06   $      (0.80)  $     2.32

DILUTED EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE:
As reported                                                    $    0.19   $      (0.74)  $     2.31
Pro Forma                                                      $    0.06   $      (0.80)  $     2.25
====================================================================================================	

The fair value of the options issued is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, with the following weighted-average assumptions used for grants in 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively: dividend yield of 1.43 percent, 1.65 percent and 2.23 percent; expected volatility of 35.2 percent, 42.8 percent and 40.1 percent; risk free interest rate of 4.01 percent, 4.84 percent and 6.37 percent and an expected life of four years for each year.
d) EMPLOYEE STOCK PURCHASE PLAN
The Company maintains an employee stock purchase plan ("ESPP"). Participation in the plan is available to all eligible employees. Maximum annual purchases by participants are limited to the number of whole shares that can be purchased by an amount equal to 10 percent of the participant's compensation or $25,000, whichever is less. Participants may purchase shares at a purchase price equal to 85 percent of the lesser of (i) the fair market value of the stock on first day of the subscription period; or (ii) the fair market value of the stock on the last day of the subscription period. Pursuant to the provisions of the ESPP, during 2002, 2001 and 2000, employees paid $7.5 million, $6.1 million and $1.2 million, respectively to purchase 252,619 shares, 211,288 shares and 50,652 shares, respectively.
93
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
ACE Limited and Subsidiaries
e) RESTRICTED STOCK AWARDS
Under the Company's long-term incentive plans 881,142 restricted Ordinary Shares were awarded during the year ended December 31, 2002, to officers of the Company and its subsidiaries. These shares vest at various dates through December 2006. In addition, during the year, 12,588 restricted Ordinary Shares were awarded to outside directors under the terms of the 1995 Outside Director Plan. These shares vest in May 2003.
Under the Company's long-term incentive plans, 704,748 restricted Ordinary Shares were awarded during the year ended December 31, 2001, to officers of the Company and its subsidiaries. These shares vest at various dates through December 2005. In addition, during the year, 12,650 restricted Ordinary Shares were awarded to outside directors under the terms of the 1995 Outside Directors Plan. These shares vested in May 2002.
At the time of grant the market value of the shares awarded under these grants is recorded as unearned stock grant compensation and is presented as a separate component of shareholders' equity. The unearned compensation is charged to income over the vesting period.
f) DEFERRED COMPENSATION OBLIGATION
The Company maintains a rabbi trust for deferred compensation plans for key employees and executive officers. In accordance with EITF 97-14, "Accounting for Deferred Compensation Agreements Where Amounts Earned are Held in a Rabbi Trust and Invested", assets of the rabbi trust are to be consolidated with those of the employer, and the value of the employer's stock held in the rabbi trust should be classified in shareholders' equity and accounted for at historical cost in a manner similar to treasury stock. The shares issued by the Company to the rabbi trust are recorded in Ordinary Shares issued to employee trust and the obligation has been recorded in deferred compensation obligation. Both are components of shareholders' equity.
13. EARNINGS PER SHARE
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000.

(in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)                       2002            2001             2000
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Numerator:
Net income (loss) before cumulative effect of adopting a new
 accounting standard                                                         $      76,549   $    (123,744)   $     542,982
Dividends on Mezzanine equity                                                      (25,662)        (25,594)         (18,391)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income (loss) available to holders of Ordinary Shares
 before cumulative effect                                                           50,887        (149,338)         524,591
Cumulative effect of adopting a new accounting standard                                  -         (22,670)               -
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income (loss) available to holders of Ordinary Shares                    $      50,887   $    (172,008)   $     524,591
===========================================================================================================================
Denominator:
Denominator for basic earnings per share:
   Weighted average shares outstanding                                         260,535,836     233,799,588      221,082,961
   Dilutive effect of Mezzanine equity                                           2,874,870               -        1,099,226
   Effect of other dilutive securities                                           6,459,317               -        5,236,243
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Denominator for diluted earnings (loss) per share:
   Adjusted weighted average shares outstanding and
    assumed conversions                                                        269,870,023     233,799,588      227,418,430
===========================================================================================================================
BASIC EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE:
Earnings (loss) per share before cumulative effect of
 adopting a new accounting standard                                          $        0.19   $       (0.64)   $        2.37
Earnings (loss) per share                                                    $        0.19   $       (0.74)   $        2.37
===========================================================================================================================
DILUTED EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE:
Earnings (loss) per share before cumulative effect
 of adopting a new accounting standard                                       $        0.19   $       (0.64)   $        2.31
Earnings (loss) per share                                                    $        0.19   $       (0.74)   $        2.31
===========================================================================================================================	

94
The denominator for diluted loss per share for the year ended December 31, 2001 does not include the dilutive effect of Mezzanine equity and other dilutive securities. The incremental shares from assumed conversions are not included in computing diluted loss per share amounts as these shares are considered anti-dilutive. The dilutive effect of Mezzanine equity for the year ended December 31, 2001 is 3,180,571 shares. Other dilutive securities totaled 8,085,418 shares for the year ended December 31, 2001.
14. TAXATION
Under current Cayman Islands law, the Company is not required to pay any taxes in the Cayman Islands on its income or capital gains. The Company has received an undertaking that, in the event of any taxes being imposed, the Company will be exempted from taxation in the Cayman Islands until the year 2013. Under current Bermuda law, the Company and its Bermuda subsidiaries are not required to pay any taxes in Bermuda on its income or capital gains. The Company has received an undertaking from the Minister of Finance in Bermuda that, in the event of any taxes being imposed, the Company will be exempt from taxation in Bermuda until March 2016.
Income from the Company's operations at Lloyd's is subject to United Kingdom corporation taxes. Lloyd's is required to pay U.S. income tax on U.S. connected income ("U.S. income") written by Lloyd's syndicates. Lloyd's has a closing agreement with the IRS whereby the amount of tax due on this business is calculated by Lloyd's and remitted directly to the IRS. These amounts are then charged to the personal accounts of the Names/Corporate Members in proportion to their participation in the relevant syndicates. The Company's Corporate Members are subject to this arrangement but, as U.K. domiciled companies, will receive U.K. corporation tax credits for any U.S. income tax incurred up to the value of the equivalent U.K. corporation income tax charge on the U.S. income.
ACE Prime Holdings, ACE US Holdings and ACE Cap Re USA Holdings, and their respective subsidiaries are subject to income taxes imposed by U.S. authorities and file U.S. tax returns. Certain international operations of the Company are also subject to income taxes imposed by the jurisdictions in which they operate.
The Company is not subject to taxation other than as stated above. There can be no assurance that there will not be changes in applicable laws, regulations or treaties, which might require the Company to change the way it operates or become subject to taxation.
The income tax provision for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 is as follows:

(in thousands of U.S. dollars)              2002           2001            2000
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Current tax expense                $      29,432   $     39,384   $      60,081
Deferred tax expense (benefit)          (145,120)      (118,058)         33,827
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Provision for income taxes         $    (115,688)  $    (78,674)  $      93,908
===============================================================================	

95
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
ACE Limited and Subsidiaries
The weighted average expected tax provision has been calculated using pre-tax accounting income (loss) in each jurisdiction multiplied by that jurisdiction's applicable statutory tax rate. A reconciliation of the difference between the provision for income taxes and the expected tax provision at the weighted average tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, is provided below.

(in thousands of U.S. dollars)                                  2002            2001
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Expected tax provision at weighted average rate         $   (121,639)    $   (92,276)
Permanent differences
   Tax-exempt interest                                       (16,917)        (15,234)
   Other                                                       9,166          (8,570)
   Goodwill                                                        -          23,113
Net withholding taxes                                         13,702          14,293
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total provision for income taxes                        $   (115,688)    $   (78,674)
====================================================================================	

The components of the net deferred tax asset as of December 31, 2002, and 2001 are as follows:

(in thousands of U.S. dollars)                                  2002            2001
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deferred tax assets
   Loss reserve discount                                $    500,061     $   422,211
   Unearned premium reserve                                   94,566          67,210
   Foreign tax credits                                       133,811         155,079
   Investments                                               123,410          63,459
   Bad debts                                                 177,197         129,280
   Net operating loss carryforward                           518,879         495,048
   Other                                                     199,461         254,822
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total deferred tax assets                                  1,747,385       1,587,109
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deferred tax liabilities
   Deferred policy acquisition costs                         148,811         133,664
   Unrealized appreciation on investments                    135,627          28,570
   Other                                                      39,372          38,448
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total deferred tax liabilities                               323,810         200,682
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Valuation allowance                                          135,592         135,592
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net deferred tax asset                                  $  1,287,983     $ 1,250,835
====================================================================================	

The valuation allowance of $135.6 million at December 31, 2002 and 2001, reflects management's assessment, based on available information, that it is more likely than not that a portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized due to the inability of certain foreign subsidiaries to generate sufficient taxable income. Adjustments to the valuation allowances are made when there is a change in management's assessment of the amount of deferred tax asset that is realizable.
At December 31, 2002, the Company has net operating loss carryforwards for U.S. federal income tax purposes of approximately $1.5 billion, which are available to offset future U.S. federal taxable income through 2022.
96
15. STATUTORY FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The Company's insurance and reinsurance subsidiaries are subject to insurance laws and regulations in the jurisdictions in which they operate. These regulations include restrictions that limit the amount of dividends or other distributions, such as loans or cash advances, available to shareholders without prior approval of the insurance regulatory authorities. Statutory capital and surplus of the Bermuda subsidiaries was $3.1 billion, $3.1 billion and $2.7 billion at December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, and statutory net income was $416 million, $55 million and $364 million for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively.
There are no statutory restrictions on the payment of dividends from retained earnings by any of the Bermuda subsidiaries as the minimum statutory capital and surplus requirements are satisfied by the share capital and additional paid-in capital of each of the Bermuda subsidiaries.
The Company's U.S. subsidiaries file financial statements prepared in accordance with statutory accounting practices prescribed or permitted by insurance regulators. In 1998, the National Association of Insurance Commissioners ("NAIC") adopted the Codification of Statutory Accounting Principles guidance, which replaces the current Accounting Practices and Procedures manual as the NAIC's primary guidance on statutory accounting as of January 1, 2001. The Codification provides guidance for areas where statutory accounting has been silent and changes current statutory accounting in some areas. All states and Puerto Rico have adopted the Codification guidance, effective January 1, 2001.
Statutory accounting differs from generally accepted accounting policies in the reporting of certain reinsurance contracts, investments, subsidiaries, acquisition expenses, fixed assets, deferred income taxes and certain other items. Combined statutory surplus of the Company's U.S. subsidiaries was $2.3 billion, $2.2 billion and $1.9 billion at December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. The combined statutory net income (loss) of these operations was $(78) million, $160 million and $(12) million for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively.
The Company's international subsidiaries prepare statutory financial statements based on local laws and regulations. Some jurisdictions impose complex regulatory requirements on insurance companies while other jurisdictions impose fewer requirements. In some countries, the Company must obtain licenses issued by governmental authorities to conduct local insurance business. These licenses may be subject to reserves and minimum capital and solvency tests. Jurisdictions may impose fines, censure, and/or criminal sanctions for violation of regulatory requirements.
16. SUBSIDIARY ISSUER INFORMATION
The following tables present the condensed consolidating financial information for ACE Limited (the "Parent Guarantor"), ACE INA Holdings, Inc. and ACE Financial Services, Inc. (formerly Capital Re Corporation), (the "Subsidiary Issuers") at December 31, 2002 and 2001 and for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000. The Subsidiary Issuers are direct or indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Parent Guarantor. Investments in subsidiaries are accounted for by the Parent Guarantor and the Subsidiary Issuers under the equity method for purposes of the supplemental consolidating presentation. Earnings of subsidiaries are reflected in the Parent Guarantor's investment accounts and earnings. The Parent Guarantor fully and unconditionally guarantees certain of the debt of the Subsidiary Issuers (see Note 9).
97
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
ACE Limited and Subsidiaries
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEET
At December 31, 2002

                                                         ACE INA   ACE Financial          Other ACE
                                   ACE Limited    Holdings, Inc.  Services, Inc.            Limited
                                   (Parent Co.       (Subsidiary     (Subsidiary   Subsidiaries and     Consolidating    ACE Limited
(in thousands of U.S. dollars)      Guarantor)           Issuer)         Issuer)  Eliminations/(1)/  Adjustments/(2)/   Consolidated
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ASSETS
Total investments and cash         $    77,506    $    7,413,714  $    1,023,777  $       9,808,911  $              -   $ 18,323,908
Insurance and reinsurance
 balances receivable                         -         1,729,439          28,252            896,299                 -      2,653,990
Reinsurance recoverable                      -        11,616,228          11,420          2,363,805                 -     13,991,453
Goodwill                                     -         2,130,908          96,723            489,229                 -      2,716,860
Investments in subsidiaries          7,095,429                 -         152,000           (152,000)       (7,095,429)             -
Due from subsidiaries and
 affiliates, net                       162,314            50,967         (49,681)            (1,286)         (162,314)             -
Other assets                            42,703         4,235,625         210,477          1,275,921                 -      5,764,726
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total assets                       $ 7,377,952    $   27,176,881  $    1,472,968  $      14,680,879  $     (7,257,743)  $ 43,450,937
====================================================================================================================================
LIABILITIES
Unpaid losses and loss
 expenses                          $         -    $   17,057,979  $       75,960  $       7,181,243  $              -   $ 24,315,182
Unearned premiums                            -         3,233,614         352,551          1,999,359                 -      5,585,524
Future policy benefits for
 life and annuity contracts                  -                 -               -            442,264                 -        442,264
Short-term debt                              -           145,940               -                  -                 -        145,940
Long-term debt                         499,282           999,655               -            250,000                 -      1,748,937
Trust preferred securities                   -           400,000          75,000                  -                 -        475,000
Other liabilities                      178,934         2,574,801         160,238          1,124,381                 -      4,038,354
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total liabilities                      678,216        24,411,989         663,749         10,997,247                 -     36,751,201
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mezzanine equity                       311,050                 -               -                  -                 -        311,050
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total shareholders' equity           6,388,686         2,764,892         809,219          3,683,632        (7,257,743)     6,388,686
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total liabilities, mezzanine
 equity and shareholders'
 equity                            $ 7,377,952    $   27,176,881  $    1,472,968  $      14,680,879  $     (7,257,743)  $ 43,450,937
====================================================================================================================================	

/(1)/ Includes all other subsidiaries of ACE Limited and intercompany eliminations.
/(2)/ Includes ACE Limited parent company eliminations.
98
 
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEET
At December 31, 2001

                                                        ACE INA   ACE Financial           Other ACE
                                   ACE Limited   Holdings, Inc.  Services, Inc.             Limited
                                    (Parent Co.     (Subsidiary     (Subsidiary    Subsidiaries and     Consolidating    ACE Limited
(in thousands of U.S. dollars)       Guarantor)         Issuer)         Issuer)   Eliminations/(1)/  Adjustments/(2)/   Consolidated
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ASSETS
Total investments and cash         $   489,596    $   6,443,230  $      901,905   $       8,101,182   $             -  $  15,935,913
Insurance and reinsurance
 balances receivable                         -        1,715,873          24,075             781,614                 -      2,521,562
Reinsurance recoverable                      -        9,259,608           8,194           2,130,644                 -     11,398,446
Goodwill                                     -        2,186,142          96,723             489,229                 -      2,772,094
Investments in subsidiaries          5,621,604                -         152,000            (152,000)       (5,621,604)             -
Due from subsidiaries and
 affiliates, net                       348,372         (478,645)        (11,862)            490,507          (348,372)             -
Other assets                            64,570        3,313,941         184,509             995,729                 -      4,558,749
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total assets                       $ 6,524,142    $  22,440,149  $    1,355,544   $      12,836,905   $    (5,969,976) $  37,186,764
====================================================================================================================================
LIABILITIES
Unpaid losses and loss
 expenses                          $         -    $  14,468,024  $       75,823   $       6,184,275   $             -  $  20,728,122
Unearned premiums                            -        2,055,459         323,951           1,474,019                 -      3,853,429
Future policy benefits for
 life and annuity contracts                  -                -               -             382,730                 -        382,730
Short-term debt                              -                -          99,980             395,428                 -        495,408
Long-term debt                               -        1,099,473               -             250,000                 -      1,349,473
Trust preferred securities                   -          800,000          75,000                   -                 -        875,000
Other liabilities                      106,385        2,395,745         138,586             444,129                 -      3,084,845
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total liabilities                      106,385       20,818,701         713,340           9,130,581                 -     30,769,007
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mezzanine equity                       311,050                -               -                   -                 -        311,050
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total shareholders' equity           6,106,707        1,621,448         642,204           3,706,324        (5,969,976)     6,106,707
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total liabilities, mezzanine
 equity and shareholders'
 equity                            $ 6,524,142    $  22,440,149  $    1,355,544   $      12,836,905   $    (5,969,976) $  37,186,764
====================================================================================================================================	

/(1)/ Includes all other subsidiaries of ACE Limited and intercompany eliminations.
/(2)/ Includes ACE Limited parent company eliminations.
99
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
ACE Limited and Subsidiaries
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
 For the year ended December 31, 2002

                                                         ACE INA   ACE Financial         Other ACE
                                   ACE Limited     Holdings, Inc.  Services, Inc.          Limited
                                   Parent Co.       (Subsidiary     (Subsidiary   Subsidiaries and      Consolidating   ACE Limited
(in thousands of U.S. dollars)     (Guarantor)           Issuer)         Issuer)  Eliminations/(1)/  Adjustments/(2)/  Consolidated
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net premiums written              $          -    $    3,919,544    $    124,618    $     4,024,136     $           -  $  8,068,298
Net premiums earned                          -         3,216,854         112,421          3,501,229                 -     6,830,504
Net investment income                   46,848           319,638          46,778            419,501           (30,624)      802,141
Other income (expense)                       -           (28,362)              -              7,810                 -       (20,552)
Equity in earnings of
  subsidiaries                         215,437                 -               -                  -          (215,437)           -
Net realized losses on
  investments                          (79,480)         (161,691)        (29,681)          (218,237)                -      (489,089)
Losses and loss expenses                     -         2,775,631          24,512          2,106,367                 -     4,906,510
Life and annuity benefits                    -                 -               -            158,118                 -       158,118
Policy acquisition costs and
  administrative expenses               71,018           847,766          49,699            939,302            (3,764)    1,904,021
Interest expense                        27,431           149,065          11,892             20,658           (15,552)      193,494
Income tax expense (benefit)             7,807          (155,871)          5,908             26,468                 -      (115,688)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income (loss)                 $     76,549    $     (270,152)   $     37,507    $       459,390     $    (226,745) $    76,549
====================================================================================================================================	

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
 For the year ended December 31, 2001

                                                         ACE INA   ACE Financial          Other ACE
                                    ACE Limited    Holdings, Inc.  Services, Inc.           Limited
                                    (Parent Co.      (Subsidiary     (Subsidiary   Subsidiaries and     Consolidating   ACE Limited
(in thousands of U.S. dollars)        Guarantor)          Issuer)         Issuer) Eliminations/(1)/  Adjustments/(2)/  Consolidated
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net premiums written              $          -    $    2,616,489    $     88,997    $     3,658,128     $           -   $ 6,363,614
Net premiums earned                          -         2,498,169          77,662          3,341,346                 -     5,917,177
Net investment income                   62,322           351,282          46,602            362,438           (36,775)      785,869
Other income (expense)                       -            (1,078)              -              1,530                 -           452
Equity in earnings of
  subsidiaries                        (136,456)                -               -                  -           136,456             -
Net realized gains (losses)
  on investments                       (13,524)          (52,441)         19,968            (12,362)                -       (58,359)
Losses and loss expenses                     -         1,970,727          22,854          2,558,875                 -     4,552,456
Life and annuity benefits                    -                 -               -            401,229                 -       401,229
Policy acquisition costs and
  administrative expenses               58,164           765,725          38,270            753,754              (794)    1,615,119
Interest expense                        (7,753)          179,505          14,013             20,492            (7,075)      199,182
Income tax expense (benefit)             8,345           (45,420)          8,229            (49,828)                -       (78,674)
Amortization of goodwill                     -            57,960           4,205             17,406                 -        79,571
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income (loss) before
  cumulative effect of
  adopting a new accounting
  standard                            (146,414)         (132,565)         56,661             (8,976)          107,550      (123,744)
Cumulative effect of adopting
  a new accounting standard*                 -                 -         (22,800)               130                 -       (22,670)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income (loss)                 $   (146,414)   $     (132,565)   $     33,861    $        (8,846)    $     107,550   $  (146,414)
===================================================================================================================================	

/(1)/ Includes all other subsidiaries of ACE Limited and intercompany eliminations.
/(2)/ Includes ACE Limited parent company eliminations.
* Shown net of income tax
100
 
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
 For the year ended December 31, 2000

                                                         ACE INA   ACE Financial          Other ACE
                                    ACE Limited    Holdings, Inc.  Services, Inc.           Limited
                                    (Parent Co.      (Subsidiary     (Subsidiary   Subsidiaries and     Consolidating   ACE Limited
(in thousands of U.S. dollars)        Guarantor)          Issuer)         Issuer) Eliminations/(1)/  Adjustments/(2)/  Consolidated
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net premiums written               $         -    $    2,437,811    $     82,746   $      2,358,797     $           -   $ 4,879,354
Net premiums earned                          -         2,417,189          67,534          2,050,040                 -     4,534,763
Net investment income                   43,214           385,722          48,045            322,526           (28,652)      770,855
Other income (expense)                       -            (1,868)              -              4,810                 -         2,942
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries     575,032                 -               -                  -          (575,032)            -
Net realized gains (losses)
  on investments                        (1,623)           (5,207)        (37,836)             5,705                 -       (38,961)
Losses and loss expenses                     -         1,713,725           9,109          1,213,231                 -     2,936,065
Policy acquisition costs and
  administrative expenses               58,984           730,852          35,419            571,913              (794)    1,396,374
Interest expense                         6,373           188,454          13,361             23,000            (9,738)      221,450
Income tax expense                       8,284            45,232          15,910             24,482                 -        93,908
Amortization of goodwill                     -            56,980           4,205             17,635                 -        78,820
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income (loss)                  $   542,982    $       60,593    $       (261)  $        532,820     $    (593,152)  $   542,982
===================================================================================================================================	

/(1)/ Includes all other subsidiaries of ACE Limited and intercompany eliminations.
/(2)/ Includes ACE Limited parent company eliminations.
101
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
ACE Limited and Subsidiaries
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
 For the year ended December 31, 2002

                                                         ACE INA   ACE Financial           Other ACE
                                    ACE Limited    Holdings, Inc.  Services, Inc.            Limited
                                     (Parent Co.     (Subsidiary     (Subsidiary    Subsidiaries and      ACE Limited
(in thousands of U.S. dollars)        Guarantor)          Issuer)         Issuer)  Eliminations/(1)/     Consolidated
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NET CASH FLOWS FROM (USED FOR)
  OPERATING ACTIVITIES             $  (175,655)   $     (146,920)   $     67,146    $      2,680,417    $   2,424,988
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING
  ACTIVITIES
Purchases of fixed maturities          (53,613)       (3,719,650)       (651,029)        (13,525,531)     (17,949,823)
Purchases of equity securities               -           (85,164)              -            (133,688)        (218,852)
Sales of fixed maturities              399,456         3,106,157         577,428          11,865,380       15,948,421
Sales of equity securities                   -            67,884               -              95,140          163,024
Maturities of fixed maturities               -                 -               -             284,899          284,899
Net realized losses on financial
  futures contracts                          -                 -               -            (105,429)        (105,429)
Settlement of an acquisition-
  related lawsuit                       54,380                 -               -                   -           54,380
Other                                        -           (16,238)              -            (101,985)        (118,223)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net cash flows from (used for)
  investing activities             $   400,223    $     (647,011)   $    (73,601)   $     (1,621,214)   $  (1,941,603)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING
  ACTIVITIES
Dividends paid on Ordinary Shares     (167,470)                -               -                   -         (167,470)
Dividends paid on Mezzanine equity     (25,662)                -               -                   -          (25,662)
Proceeds from short-term debt, net           -           145,940        (100,000)           (395,408)        (349,468)
Proceeds from long-term debt, net      499,155          (100,000)              -                   -          399,155
Repayment of trust preferred
 securities                                  -          (400,000)              -                   -         (400,000)
Advances to (from) affiliates          216,676            (9,866)          9,866            (216,676)               -
Proceeds from exercise of options
  for Ordinary Shares                   44,562                 -               -                   -           44,562
Proceeds from Ordinary Shares
  issued under ESPP                      7,472                 -               -                   -            7,472
Capitalization of subsidiaries      (1,314,676)        1,280,691         100,000             (66,015)               -
Dividends received from
  subsidiaries                         485,000                 -               -            (485,000)               -
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net cash flows from (used for)
  financing activities             $  (254,943)   $      916,765    $      9,866    $     (1,163,099)   $    (491,411)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net increase (decrease) in cash        (30,375)          122,834           3,411            (103,896)          (8,026)
Cash - beginning of year                32,525           355,327           1,027             282,502          671,381
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cash - end of year                 $     2,150    $      478,161    $      4,438    $        178,606    $     663,355
=====================================================================================================================	

/(1)/ Includes all other subsidiaries of ACE Limited and intercompany eliminations.
102
 
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
 For the year ended December 31, 2001

                                                         ACE INA   ACE Financial           Other ACE
                                    ACE Limited    Holdings, Inc.  Services, Inc.            Limited
                                    (Parent Co.      (Subsidiary     (Subsidiary    Subsidiaries and      ACE Limited
(in thousands of U.S. dollars)        Guarantor)          Issuer)         Issuer)  Eliminations/(1)/     Consolidated
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NET CASH FLOWS FROM (USED FOR)
  OPERATING ACTIVITIES             $   113,428    $     (328,591)   $    (51,649)   $      1,619,817    $   1,353,005
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchases of fixed maturities         (125,733)       (2,153,163)       (848,263)        (13,720,761)     (16,847,920)
Purchases of equity securities               -          (122,778)              -             (88,158)        (210,936)
Sales of fixed maturities               94,689         2,386,217         835,459          11,417,213       14,733,578
Sales of equity securities                   -           122,437               -              82,405          204,842
Maturities of fixed maturities               -                 -           4,500              40,429           44,929
Net realized losses on financial
  futures contracts                          -                 -               -             (21,976)         (21,976)
Other                                   (1,009)          (60,594)         (7,337)            (20,175)         (89,115)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net cash flows from (used for)
  investing activities             $   (32,053)   $      172,119    $    (15,641)   $     (2,311,023)   $  (2,186,598)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Dividends paid on Ordinary Shares     (128,745)                -               -                   -         (128,745)
Dividends paid on Mezzanine equity     (25,666)                -               -                   -          (25,666)
Repurchase of Ordinary Shares         (179,446)                -               -                   -         (179,446)
Proceeds from short-term debt, net           -          (335,708)              -             391,852           56,144
Proceeds from issuance of
  Ordinary Shares, net               1,135,878                 -               -                   -        1,135,878
Advances to (from) affiliates         (174,000)          483,060          41,741            (350,801)               -
Proceeds from exercise of options
  for Ordinary Shares                   32,666                 -               -                   -           32,666
Proceeds from Ordinary Shares
  issued under ESPP                      6,074                 -               -                   -            6,074
Capitalization of subsidiaries      (1,101,000)          111,000               -             990,000                -
Dividends received from
  subsidiaries                         338,873                 -               -            (338,873)               -
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net cash flows from (used for)
  financing activities             $   (95,366)   $      258,352    $     41,741    $        692,178   $      896,905
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net increase (decrease) in cash        (13,991)          101,880         (25,549)                972           63,312
Cash - beginning of year                46,516           253,447          26,576             281,530          608,069
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cash - end of year                 $    32,525    $      355,327    $      1,027    $        282,502   $      671,381
=====================================================================================================================	

/(1)/ Includes all other subsidiaries of ACE Limited and intercompany eliminations.
103
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
ACE Limited and Subsidiaries
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
 For the year ended December 31, 2000

                                                         ACE INA   ACE Financial           Other ACE
                                   ACE Limited    Holdings, Inc.  Services, Inc.             Limited
                                   (Parent Co.       (Subsidiary     (Subsidiary    Subsidiaries and    Consolidating   ACE Limited
(in thousands of U.S. dollars)       Guarantor)           Issuer)         Issuer)  Eliminations/(1)/  Adjustments/(2)/ Consolidated
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NET CASH FLOWS FROM (USED FOR)
  OPERATING ACTIVITIES             $   (49,024)   $   (1,212,871)   $     58,605    $        776,118    $           -    $ (427,172)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING
  ACTIVITIES
Purchases of fixed maturities         (618,049)       (2,907,397)       (722,539)         (7,228,653)               -   (11,476,638)
Purchases of equity securities               -          (226,474)              -            (184,548)               -      (411,022)
Sales of fixed maturities              449,766         3,764,557         668,059           6,639,296                -    11,521,678
Sales of equity securities                   -           535,531               -             257,968                -       793,499
Maturities of fixed maturities               -                 -           2,000              66,869                -        68,869
Net realized losses on financial
 futures contracts                           -                 -               -             (48,227)               -       (48,227)
Sale (acquisition) of subsidiaries      82,244                 -          10,200             (10,200)         (82,244)            -
Other                                      135            (1,495)          5,020            (218,076)               -      (214,416)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net cash flows from (used for)
  investing activities             $   (85,904)   $    1,164,722    $    (37,260)   $       (725,571)   $     (82,244)   $  233,743
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING
ACTIVITIES
Dividends paid on Ordinary Shares     (106,459)                -               -                   -                -      (106,459)
Dividends paid on Mezzanine equity     (15,254)                -               -                   -                -       (15,254)
Repayment of short-term debt, net     (424,886)         (280,830)              -              (4,360)               -      (710,076)
Proceeds from issuance of trust
  preferred securities                       -           300,000               -                   -                -       300,000
Proceeds from issuance of
  Mezzanine equity                     311,050                 -               -                   -                -       311,050
Issuance costs of Mezzanine equity      (9,884)                -               -                   -                -        (9,884)
Advances to affiliates                 (95,513)                -               -              95,513                -             -
Proceeds from exercise of options
  for Ordinary Shares                   31,335                 -               -                   -                -        31,335
Proceeds from Ordinary Shares
  issued under ESPP                      1,234                 -               -                   -                -         1,234
Capitalization of subsidiaries         (27,103)                -           5,000              22,103                -             -
Dividends received from subsidiaries   101,147                 -               -            (101,147)               -             -
Proceeds from issuance of
 Ordinary Shares, net                  400,320                 -               -                   -                -       400,320
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net cash flows from (used for)
  financing activities             $   165,987    $       19,170    $      5,000    $         12,109    $           -    $  202,266
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net increase (decrease) in cash         31,059           (28,979)         26,345              62,656          (82,244)        8,837
Cash - beginning of year                15,457           282,426             231             301,118                -       599,232
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cash - end of year                 $    46,516    $      253,447    $     26,576    $        363,774    $     (82,244)   $  608,069
===================================================================================================================================	

/(1)/ Includes all other subsidiaries of ACE Limited and intercompany eliminations.
/(2)/ Includes ACE Limited parent company eliminations.
104
17. SEGMENT INFORMATION
In 2002, following changes in executive management responsibilities, the Company reassessed and changed its reporting segments from individual operating units to lines of business. The Company now operates through four business segments:
Insurance - North American, Insurance - Overseas General, Global Reinsurance and Financial Services. These segments distribute their products through various forms of brokers and agencies. Insurance - North American, Insurance - Overseas General and Global Reinsurance utilize direct marketing programs to reach clients, while Financial Services operates with major U.S. financial guaranty insurers, mortgage guaranty insurers in the U.S., U.K. and Australia, title insurers and European trade credit insurers. Additionally, Insurance - North American has formed Internet distribution channels for some of its products and Global Reinsurance and Financial Services have established relationships with reinsurance intermediaries.
The Insurance - North American segment includes the operations of ACE USA, ACE Canada and ACE Bermuda, excluding the financial solutions business in both the U.S. and Bermuda, which are included in the Financial Services segment. ACE USA comprises the U.S. and Canadian operations of ACE INA, which were acquired in 1999 and the operations of ACE US Holdings, which were acquired in 1998. These operations provide a broad range of P&C insurance and reinsurance products, including excess liability, excess property, professional lines, aerospace, A&H coverages and claim and risk management products and services, to a diverse group of commercial and non-commercial enterprises and consumers. The operations of ACE USA also include the run-off operations, which include Brandywine, Commercial Insurance Services, residual market workers' compensation business, pools and syndicates not attributable to a single business group, the run-off of open market facilities and the run-off results of various other smaller exited lines of business. Run-off operations do not actively sell insurance products, but are responsible for the management of existing policies and related claims.
The Insurance - Overseas General segment consists of ACE Global Markets and ACE International. ACE International includes ACE INA's network of indigenous insurance operations, which were acquired in 1999. The segment has four regions of operations: ACE Asia Pacific, ACE Far East, ACE Latin America and the ACE European Group (which comprises ACE Europe, ACE INA UK Limited and the insurance operations of ACE Global Markets). ACE Global Markets provides funds at Lloyd's to support underwriting by the Lloyd's syndicates managed by Lloyd's managing agencies which are owned by the Company (including, for segment purposes, Lloyd's operations owned by ACE Financial Services). The reinsurance operation of ACE Global Markets is included in the Global Reinsurance segment. Companies within the Insurance - Overseas General segment write a variety of insurance products including property, primary and excess casualty, energy, professional risk ("D&O" and "E&O"), marine, political risk, trade credit, A&H, aviation and consumer oriented products. ACE International provides insurance coverage on a worldwide basis.
The Global Reinsurance segment comprises ACE Tempest Re Bermuda, ACE Tempest Re USA and ACE Tempest Re Europe. These subsidiaries primarily provide property catastrophe reinsurance globally to insurers of commercial and personal property. Global Reinsurance also includes the operations of ACE Tempest Life Re. The principal business of ACE Tempest Life Re is to provide reinsurance coverage to other life insurance companies. The life reinsurance business completed its first full year of operations in 2001.
The Financial Services segment includes the financial guaranty business of ACE Guaranty Corp. and ACE Capital Re International and the financial solutions business in the U.S. and Bermuda. The financial guaranty businesses serve the U.S. domestic and international financial guaranty insurance and reinsurance markets. Their principal business is the insurance and reinsurance of investment grade public finance and asset-backed debt issues (insured and ceded by the primary bond insurance companies), and insurance and reinsurance of credit default swaps. In addition to financial guaranty business, the companies provide trade credit reinsurance and highly structured solutions to problems of financial and risk management through reinsurance and other forms of credit enhancement products, as well as mortgage guaranty reinsurance and title reinsurance. The financial solutions business includes insurance and reinsurance solutions to complex risks that generally cannot be adequately addressed by the traditional insurance marketplace. It consists of securitization and risk trading, finite and structured risk products, and retroactive contracts in the form of LPTs.
105
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
ACE Limited and Subsidiaries
a) The following tables summarize the operations by segment for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000;
b) For segment reporting purposes, certain items have been presented in a different manner than in the consolidated financial statements. For segment reporting purposes, items considered non-recurring in nature have been aggregated and shown separately net of related income taxes, and net realized gains (losses) have been presented net of related income taxes.
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS BY SEGMENT
 For the year ended December 31, 2002

                                        Insurance-    Insurance-
                                             North      Overseas          Global    Financial         Corporate              ACE
(in thousands of U.S. dollars)            American       General     Reinsurance     Services    and Other/(1)/     Consolidated
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OPERATIONS DATA
Property and Casualty
Gross premiums written                  $ 6,116,356   $ 4,113,944   $    887,069  $ 1,536,503   $             -   $   12,653,872
Net premiums written                      2,918,540     2,716,372        777,524    1,496,848                 -        7,909,284
Net premiums earned                       2,475,390     2,392,721        676,690    1,127,426                 -        6,672,227
Losses and loss expenses                  2,200,091     1,455,038        303,952      947,429                 -        4,906,510
Policy acquisition costs                    216,442       533,003        122,610       72,080                 -          944,135
Administrative expenses                     340,392       390,309         40,256       56,452           110,522          937,931
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Underwriting income (loss)                 (281,535)       14,371        209,872       51,465          (110,522)        (116,349)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Life
Gross premiums written                            -             -        165,099            -                 -          165,099
Net premiums written                              -             -        159,014            -                 -          159,014
Net premiums earned                               -             -        158,277            -                 -          158,277
Life and annuity benefits                         -             -        158,118            -                 -          158,118
Policy acquisition costs                          -             -         16,553            -                 -           16,553
Administrative expenses                           -             -          5,402            -                 -            5,402
Net investment income                             -             -         27,005            -                 -           27,005
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Underwriting income                               -             -          5,209            -                 -            5,209
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net investment income -
  property and casualty                     405,937       108,049         95,032      191,980           (25,862)         775,136
Other income                                  1,034         2,055            589        1,357                 -            5,035
Interest expense                             32,307         2,621         13,914       12,837           131,815          193,494
Income tax expense (benefit)                 (4,339)        5,834            892       30,413           (68,074)        (35,274)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Income (loss) excluding net realized
  losses and non-recurring expenses          97,468       116,020        295,896      201,552          (200,125)         510,811
Net realized losses*                       (156,480)      (25,045)       (57,123)     (99,501)          (79,481)        (417,630)
Debt prepayment expense*                          -             -              -            -           (16,632)         (16,632)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income (loss)                       $   (59,012)  $    90,975   $    238,773   $  102,051   $      (296,238)  $       76,549
================================================================================================================================	

/(1)/Includes ACE Limited, ACE INA Holdings and intercompany eliminations. *Shown net of income tax
106
 
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS BY SEGMENT
 For the year ended December 31, 2001

                                        Insurance-    Insurance-
                                             North      Overseas          Global    Financial          Corporate               ACE
(in thousands of U.S. dollars)            American       General     Reinsurance     Services          and Other/(1)/ Consolidated
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OPERATIONS DATA
Property and Casualty
Gross premiums written                  $ 4,521,276   $ 3,289,200   $    460,049  $ 1,480,785   $             -          9,751,310
Net premiums written                      1,986,001     2,154,222        354,323    1,461,378                 -          5,955,924
Net premiums earned                       1,816,731     1,940,814        324,567    1,428,785                 -          5,510,897
Losses and loss expenses                  1,373,255     1,464,964        317,019    1,397,218                 -          4,552,456
Policy acquisition costs                    206,064       444,809         68,259       57,680                 -            776,812
Administrative expenses                     315,473       326,828         29,054       55,357            94,583            821,295
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Underwriting income (loss)                  (78,061)     (295,787)       (89,765)     (81,470)          (94,583)          (639,666)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Life
Gross premiums written                            -             -        414,052            -                 -            414,052
Net premiums written                              -             -        407,690            -                 -            407,690
Net premiums earned                               -             -        406,280            -                 -            406,280
Life and annuity benefits                         -             -        401,229            -                 -            401,229
Policy acquisition costs                          -             -          7,852            -                 -              7,852
Administrative expenses                           -             -          2,787            -                 -              2,787
Net investment income                             -             -          9,408            -                 -              9,408
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Underwriting income                               -             -          3,820            -                 -              3,820
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net investment income -
  property and casualty                     425,762       102,193         69,775      173,585             5,146            776,461
Other income (expense)                        1,030        (1,078)             -          500                 -                452
Interest expense                             37,163         2,591            733       16,776           141,919            199,182
Income tax expense (benefit)                 93,841       (85,149)       (22,050)      21,309           (76,699)           (68,748)
Amortization of goodwill                       (360)        3,755         14,011        4,205            57,960             79,571
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Income (loss) excluding net realized
  losses, non-recurring expenses
  and cumulative effect                     218,087      (115,869)        (8,864)      50,325          (212,617)           (68,938)
Net realized losses*                        (11,101)       (3,221)       (16,430)      (6,069)          (13,524)           (50,345)
Non-recurring expenses*                           -        (3,970)          (491)           -                 -             (4,461)
Cumulative effect of adopting a
  new accounting standard*                      (50)          441            539      (23,600)                -            (22,670)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income (loss)                       $   206,936   $  (122,619)  $    (25,246) $    20,656   $      (226,141)      $   (146,414)
==================================================================================================================================	

/(1)/Includes ACE Limited, ACE INA Holdings and intercompany eliminations.
* Shown net of income tax
107
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS BY SEGMENT
 For the year ended December 31, 2000

                                         Insurance-    Insurance-
                                              North      Overseas         Global    Financial          Corporate            ACE
(in thousands of U.S. dollars)             American       General    Reinsurance     Services    and Other/(1)/     Consolidated
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OPERATIONS DATA
Property and Casualty
Gross premiums written                  $ 3,626,317   $ 2,822,028   $    337,241   $  801,185   $             -   $    7,586,771
Net premiums written                      1,890,592     2,004,305        274,757      709,700                 -        4,879,354
Net premiums earned                       1,733,524     1,832,710        251,992      716,537                 -        4,534,763
Losses and loss expenses                  1,128,249     1,108,138         52,921      646,757                 -        2,936,065
Policy acquisition costs                    194,819       369,953         44,934       41,035                 -          650,741
Administrative expenses                     279,506       340,120         17,993       46,799            61,215          745,633
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Underwriting income (loss)                  130,950        14,499        136,144      (18,054)          (61,215)         202,324
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net investment income                       446,413       116,756         65,228      148,730            (6,272)         770,855
Other income (expense)                        3,598        (1,868)             -        1,212                 -            2,942
Interest expense                             35,621         4,980              -       17,716           163,133          221,450
Income tax expense (benefit)                105,414        14,968         16,792       21,574           (64,841)          93,907
Amortization of goodwill                       (343)        3,968         14,010        4,205            56,980           78,820
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Income excluding net realized
  gains (losses)                            440,269       105,471        170,570       88,393          (222,759)         581,944
Net realized gains (losses)*                (17,939)       12,846        (38,363)       6,172            (1,678)         (38,962)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income (loss)                       $   422,330   $   118,317   $    132,207   $   94,565   $      (224,437)  $      542,982
================================================================================================================================	

/(1)/Includes ACE Limited, ACE INA Holdings and intercompany eliminations.
* Shown net of income tax
Property and casualty underwriting assets are reviewed in total by management for purposes of decision-making. We do not allocate assets to our new segments. Assets are specifically identified for our life reinsurance operations and corporate holding companies, including ACE Limited and ACE INA Holdings.
The following table summarizes the identifiable assets at December 31, 2002 and 2001.

(in millions of U.S. dollars)                  2002             2001
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Property and casualty insurance         $    40,651   $       34,198
Life reinsurance                                610              480
Corporate                                     2,190            2,509
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Total assets                            $    43,451   $       37,187
=====================================================================	

108
The following tables summarize the revenues of each segment by product offering for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000.
NET PREMIUMS EARNED BY TYPE OF PREMIUM

                                           Property    Life, Accident     Financial    Financial            ACE
(in millions of U.S. dollars)            & Casualty          & Health      Guaranty    Solutions   Consolidated
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2002
Insurance - North American              $     2,394   $            81   $         -   $        -   $     2,475
Insurance - Overseas General                  1,817               576             -            -         2,393
Global Reinsurance                              677               158             -            -           835
Financial Services                                -                 -           282          845         1,127
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                        $     4,888   $           815   $       282   $      845   $     6,830
===============================================================================================================

YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2001
Insurance - North American              $     1,812   $             4   $         -   $        -   $      1,816
Insurance - Overseas General                  1,427               511             -            3          1,941
Global Reinsurance                              324               406             -            -            730
Financial Services                                -                 -           352        1,077          1,429
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                        $     3,563   $           921   $       352   $    1,080   $      5,916
===============================================================================================================

YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2000
Insurance - North American              $     1,734   $             -   $         -   $        -   $      1,734
Insurance - Overseas General                  1,378               454             -            -          1,832
Global Reinsurance                              252                 -             -            -            252
Financial Services                                -                 -           283          434            717
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                        $     3,364   $           454   $       283   $      434   $      4,535
===============================================================================================================	

c) The following table summarizes the Company's gross premiums written by geographic region. Allocations have been made on the basis of location of risk.

          Year     North           Australia &       Asia     Latin
         Ended   America   Europe  New Zealand    Pacific   America   Other
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
          2002        64%      21%           2%         8%        5%       -
          2001        63%      21%           2%         9%        5%       -
          2000        63%      20%           7%         5%        4%       1%
============================================================================	

109
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
ACE Limited and Subsidiaries
18. CONDENSED UNAUDITED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA
2002

                                                          Quarter Ended     Quarter Ended    Quarter Ended     Quarter Ended
(in thousands of U.S. dollars, except per share data)     March 31, 2002    June 30, 2002    Sept. 30, 2002    Dec. 31, 2002
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net premiums earned                                      $     1,359,809   $    1,575,707   $     1,925,579   $    1,969,409
Net investment income                                            200,135          200,804           199,740          201,462
Other income (expense)                                             4,799          (12,068)          (14,032)             749
Net realized losses on investments                               (25,881)        (139,721)         (235,282)         (88,205)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total revenues                                           $     1,538,862   $    1,624,722   $     1,876,005   $    2,083,415
============================================================================================================================
Losses and loss expenses                                 $       853,145   $      960,949   $     1,327,792   $    1,764,624
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Life and annuity benefits                                $        22,996   $       23,311   $        59,697   $       52,114
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income (loss)                                        $       197,805   $      103,900   $       (56,510)  $     (168,646)
============================================================================================================================
Basic earnings (loss) per share                          $          0.74   $         0.37   $         (0.24)  $        (0.67)
============================================================================================================================
Diluted earnings (loss) per share                        $          0.70   $         0.36   $         (0.24)  $        (0.67)
============================================================================================================================	

2001

                                                          Quarter Ended     Quarter Ended    Quarter Ended     Quarter Ended
(in thousands of U.S. dollars, except per share data)     March 31, 2001    June 30, 2001    Sept. 30, 2001    Dec. 31, 2001
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net premiums earned                                      $     1,369,116   $    1,385,187   $     1,399,429   $    1,763,445
Net investment income                                            204,430          196,267           192,909          192,263
Other income (expense)                                             1,597            1,088            (1,858)            (375)
Net realized gains (losses) on investments                       (19,375)          15,564           (58,843)           4,295
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total revenues                                           $     1,555,768   $    1,598,106   $     1,531,637   $    1,959,628
============================================================================================================================
Losses and loss expenses                                 $       951,293   $      954,841   $     1,541,627   $    1,104,695
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Life and annuity benefits                                $           653   $       28,152   $        29,706   $      342,718
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income (loss) before cumulative effect               $       141,064   $      131,517   $      (442,590)  $       46,265
Cumulative effect of adopting a new accounting
  standard                                                       (22,670)               -                 -                -
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income (loss)                                        $       118,394   $      131,517   $      (442,590)  $       46,265
============================================================================================================================
Basic earnings (loss) per share:
Earnings (loss) per share before cumulative effect
 of adopting a new accounting standard                   $          0.58   $         0.54   $         (1.95)  $         0.16
Earnings (loss) per share                                $          0.48   $         0.54   $         (1.95)  $         0.16
============================================================================================================================
Diluted earnings (loss) per share:
Earnings (loss) per share before cumulative effect
 of adopting a new accounting standard                   $          0.55   $         0.52   $         (1.95)  $         0.15
Earnings (loss) per share                                $          0.46   $         0.52   $         (1.95)  $         0.15
============================================================================================================================	

110

Exhibit 21.1	  	Each of the named subsidiaries is not necessarily a “significant subsidiary” as defined in Rule 1-02(w) of Regulation S-X, and the Company has several additional subsidiaries not named below. The unnamed subsidiaries, considered in the aggregate as a single subsidiary, would not constitute a “significant subsidiary” at the end of the year covered by this report.	
 
Subsidiaries of the Registrant
Name 	  	Jurisdiction of
Organization	  	Percentage
Ownership	
ACE Limited	  	Cayman Islands	  	Publicly held	
ACE Bermuda Insurance Ltd.	  	Bermuda	  	100%	
ACE PCC Insurance Limited	  	Guernsey	  	100%	
Paget Reinsurance International Ltd.	  	Bermuda	  	100%	
ACE Capital Re International Ltd.	  	Bermuda	  	100%	
ACE KRE Holdings Limited	  	Barbados	  	100%	
ACE Capital Re USA Holdings Incorporated	  	Delaware	  	100%	
ACE Capital Re Overseas Ltd.	  	Bermuda	  	100%	
ACE Capital Mortgage Reinsurance Company
(EI# 06-1384770, NAIC# 10021, NY)	  	New York	  	100%	
ACE Capital Title Reinsurance Company
(EI# 06-1434264, NAIC# 50028, NY)	  	New York	  	100%	
ACE Capital Re Inc.	  	New York	  	100%	
Oasis Investments Limited	  	Bermuda	  	67%	
Oasis Investments 2 Ltd.	  	Bermuda	  	67%	
ACE Financial Solutions International, Ltd.	  	Bermuda	  	100%	
ACE European Markets Reinsurance Limited	  	Ireland	  	100%	
ACE European Markets Insurance Limited	  	Ireland	  	100%	
Corporate Officers & Directors Assurance Ltd.	  	Bermuda	  	100%	
Oasis Real Estate Company Ltd.	  	Bermuda	  	100%	
Sovereign Risk Insurance Limited	  	Bermuda	  	50%	
Tripar Partnership	  	Bermuda	  	98%
2% (CODA)	
ACE Realty Holdings Limited	  	Bermuda	  	100%	
Oasis Personnel Limited	  	Cayman Islands	  	100%	
ACE Global Markets Limited	  	United Kingdom	  	100%	
ACE Group Holdings Limited	  	United Kingdom	  	100%	
ACE Tarquin	  	United Kingdom	  	100%	
ACE Capital V Limited	  	United Kingdom	  	100%	
ACE Leadenhall Limited	  	United Kingdom	  	100%	
ACE Underwriting Agencies Limited	  	United Kingdom	  	100%	
ACE Trustees Limited	  	United Kingdom	  	100%	
ACE London Group Limited	  	United Kingdom	  	100%	
ACE Capital Limited	  	United Kingdom	  	100%	
ACE Capital III Limited	  	United Kingdom	  	100%	
ACE Capital IV Limited	  	United Kingdom	  	100%	
ACE London Holdings Limited	  	United Kingdom	  	100%	
ACE Capital II Limited	  	United Kingdom	  	100%	
ACE London Investments Limited	  	United Kingdom	  	100%	
ACE London Aviation Limited	  	United Kingdom	  	100%	
ACE London Underwriting Limited	  	United Kingdom	  	100%	
ACE Underwriting Services Limited	  	United Kingdom	  	100%	
AGM Underwriting Limited	  	United Kingdom	  	100%	
ACE London Services Limited	  	United Kingdom	  	100%	
ACE Capital VI Limited	  	United Kingdom	  	100%	
ACE UK Limited	  	United Kingdom	  	(77%	

Name 	  	Jurisdiction of
Organization	  	Percentage
Ownership	
ACE UK Holdings Limited	  	United Kingdom	  	100%	
ACE (MI) Limited	  	United Kingdom	  	100%	
ACE (MS) Limited	  	United Kingdom	  	100%	
ACE UK Underwriting Limited	  	United Kingdom	  	100%	
ACE (PM) Limited	  	United Kingdom	  	100%	
ACE UK Limited	  	United Kingdom	  	23%	
ACE Services Limited	  	Cayman Islands	  	100%	
ACE Holdings (Gibraltar) Limited	  	Gibraltar	  	100%	
ACE Gibraltar Limited	  	Gibraltar	  	51%	
ACE-ii Limited	  	United Kingdom	  	100%	
ACE Corporate Risks Limited	  	United Kingdom	  	51%	
ACE-ii (Gibraltar) Limited	  	Gibraltar	  	100%	
ACE Underwriting Services (Gibraltar) Limited	  	Gibraltar	  	100%	
Arles Services Limited	  	Gibraltar	  	100%	
ACE US Holdings, Inc.	  	USA (Delaware)	  	100%	
ACE Financial Solutions International, Inc.	  	USA (Delaware)	  	100%	
ACE USA, Inc.	  	USA (Delaware)	  	100%	
CRC Creditor Resources Canada Limited	  	Canada (British
Columbia)	  	60%	
Industrial Excess & Surplus Insurance Brokers	  	USA (California)	  	100%	
Industrial Underwriters Insurance Co.
(EI# 75-6015738, NAIC# 21075, TX)	  	USA (Texas)	  	100%	
Rhea International Marketing (L), Inc.	  	Malaysia	  	60%	
Westchester Fire Insurance Company
(EI# 13-5481330, NAIC# 21121, NY)	  	USA
(New York)	  	100%	
Westchester Surplus Lines Insurance Co.
(EI# 58-2139927, NAIC #10172, GA)	  	USA (Georgia)	  	100%	
Westchester Specialty Services, Inc.	  	USA (Florida)	  	100%	
Westchester Specialty Insurance Services Inc.	  	USA (Nevada)	  	100%	
WDH Corporation	  	USA (Ohio)	  	80%	
Dimension Service Corporation	  	USA (Ohio)	  	80%	
Dimension Holdings Inc.	  	USA (Ohio)	  	80%	
Oasis Insurance Services Ltd.	  	Bermuda	  	100%	
ACE Tempest Life Reinsurance Ltd.	  	Bermuda	  	100%	
ACE Tempest Reinsurance Ltd.	  	Bermuda	  	100%	
Oasis Investments Limited	  	Bermuda	  	33%	
Oasis Investments 2 Ltd.	  	Bermuda	  	33%	
Oasis US Inc.	  	Delaware	  	100%	
ACE Prime Holdings Inc.	  	USA (Delaware)	  	100%	
ACE INA Holdings Inc.	  	USA (Delaware)	  	80%	
ACE Seguros S.A.	  	Argentina	  	99.35%	
ACE Seguradora S.A.	  	Brazil	  	99.9%
0.1% (ACE Prime Holdings Inc.)	
Servicios ACE INA S.A. de C.V.	  	Mexico	  	99.99%
.00002% (ACE Prime Holdings Inc.)	
ACE Tempest Re USA, Inc.	  	USA (Connecticut)	  	100%	
INA Corporation	  	USA (Pennsylvania)	  	100%	

Name 	  	Jurisdiction of
Organization	    	Percentage
Ownership	
ACE INA Properties, Inc.	  	USA (Delaware)	    	100%	
Conference Facilities, Inc.	  	USA (Pennsylvania)	    	100%	
INA Tax Benefits Reporting, Inc.	  	USA (Delaware)	    	100%	
INA Financial Corporation	  	USA (Delaware)	    	100%	
Brandywine Holdings Corporation	  	USA (Delaware)	    	100%	
Brandywine Run-Off Services, Inc.	  	USA (Delaware)	    	100%	
Western Agency Management, Inc.	  	USA (California)	    	100%	
Cravens, Dargan & Company, Pacific Coast	  	USA (Delaware)	    	100%	
Cravens, Dargan & Company, Pacific Coast of Illinois, Inc.	  	USA (Illinois)	    	100%	
Century Indemnity Company
(EI# 05-6105395, NAIC #20710, PA)	  	USA (Pennsylvania)	    	100%	
Century Reinsurance Company
(EI# 06-0988117, NAIC #35130, PA)	  	USA (Pennsylvania)	    	100%	
ACE American Reinsurance Company
(EI# 23-1740414, NAIC#22705, PA)	  	USA (Pennsylvania)	    	100%	
Brandywine Reinsurance Company S.A.-N.V.	  	Belgium	    	100%	
The 1792 Company	  	USA (Delaware)	    	100%	
Century International Reinsurance Company Ltd.	  	Bermuda	    	100%	
INA Holdings Corporation	  	USA (Delaware)	    	100%	
INATrust, fsb	  	Chartered by Office of Thrift Supervision	    	100%	
YouDecide.com, Inc.	  	Delaware	    	100%	
CFN Finance, Inc.	  	Delaware	    	100%	
CFN Agency, Inc.	  	Delaware	    	100%	
CFN Agency of Hawaii, Inc.	  	Hawaii	    	100%	
PDCN Legal Management Company, Inc.	  	USA (Delaware)	    	100%	
INA Reinsurance Company, Ltd.	  	Bermuda	    	100%	
ACE INA Financial Institution Solutions, Inc.	  	USA (Delaware)	    	100%	
ESIS, Inc.	  	USA (Pennsylvania)	    	100%	
NewMarkets Insurance Agency, Inc.	  	USA (Delaware)	    	100%	
ACE INA Excess and Surplus Insurance Services, Inc.	  	USA (Georgia)	    	100%	
ACE INA Excess and Surplus Insurance Services, Inc.	  	USA (Pennsylvania)	    	100%	
ACE INA Excess and Surplus Insurance Services, Inc.	  	USA (California)	    	100%	
ACE INA Excess and Surplus Insurance Services, Inc.	  	USA (Illinois)	    	100%	
Excess and Surplus Insurance Services, Inc.	  	USA (Texas)	    	100%	
ACE Financial Solutions, Inc.	  	USA (Delaware)	    	100%	
Global Surety Network, Inc.	  	USA (Delaware)	    	100%	
Marketdyne International, Inc.	  	USA (Delaware)	    	100%	
Recovery Services International, Inc.	  	USA (Delaware)	    	100%	
RSI Health Care Recovery, Inc.	  	USA (Delaware)	    	100%	
Indemnity Insurance Company of North America
(EI# 06-1016108, NAIC #43575, PA)	  	USA (Pennsylvania)	    	100%	
ACE Indemnity Insurance Company
(EI#92-0040526, NAIC #10030, PA)	  	USA (Pennsylvania)	    	100%	

Name 	  	Jurisdiction of
Organization	  	Percentage
Ownership	
Allied Insurance Company
(EI# 23-2021364, NAIC #36528, CA)	  	USA (California)	  	100%	
ACE American Insurance Company
(EI#95-2371728, NAIC# 22667, PA)	  	USA (Pennsylvania)	  	100%	
Pacific Employers Insurance Company
(EI#95-1077060, NAIC# 22748, PA)	  	USA (Pennsylvania)	  	100%	
ACE Insurance Company of Texas
(EI# 74-1480965, NAIC #22721, 22920, TX)	  	USA (Texas)	  	100%	
Illinois Union Insurance Company
(EI# 36-2759195, NAIC #27960, IL)	  	USA (Illinois)	  	100%	
INAMAR Insurance Underwriting Agency, Inc.	  	USA (New Jersey)	  	100%	
INAMAR Insurance Underwriting Agency, Inc. of Massachusetts	  	USA (Massachusetts)	  	100%	
INAMAR Insurance Underwriting Agency, Inc. of Texas	  	USA (Texas)	  	100%	
INAMAR Insurance Underwriting Agency, Inc. of Ohio	  	USA (Ohio)	  	100%	
Insurance Company of North America
(EI# 23-0723970, NAIC #22713, PA)	  	USA (Pennsylvania)	  	100%	
Bankers Standard Insurance Company
(EI# 75-1320184, NAIC #18279, PA)	  	USA (Pennsylvania)	  	100%	
Bankers Standard Fire and Marine Company
(EI#75-6014863, NAIC #20591, PA)	  	USA (Pennsylvania)	  	100%	
ACE Property and Casualty Insurance Company
(EI# 06-0237820, NAIC, #20699, PA)	  	USA (Pennsylvania)	  	100%	
ACE Employers Insurance Company
(EI# 23-2137343, NAIC #38741, PA)	  	USA (Pennsylvania)	  	100%	
ACE Insurance Company of Ohio
(EI#23-1859893, NAIC #22764, OH)	  	USA (Ohio)	  	100%	
INA Surplus Insurance Company
(EI# 52-1208598, NAIC #42072, PA)	  	USA (Pennsylvania)	  	100%	
ACE Fire Underwriters Insurance Company
(EI# 06-6032187, NAIC #20702, PA)	  	USA (Pennsylvania)	  	100%	
Atlantic Employers Insurance Company
(EI# 23-2173820, NAIC #38938, NJ)	  	USA (New Jersey)	  	100%	
ALIC, Incorporated	  	USA (Texas)	  	100%	
ACE American Lloyds Insurance
Company (Sponsored Lloyds Association)
(EI# 75-1365570, NAIC #18511, TX)	  	USA (Texas)	  	100%	
ACE Insurance Company of Illinois
(EI# 36-2709121, NAIC #22691, IL)	  	USA (Illinois)	  	100%	
ACE Insurance Company of the Midwest
(EI# 06-0884361, NAIC #26417, IN)	  	USA (Indiana)	  	100%	
INAPRO, Inc.	  	USA (Delaware)	  	100%	
American Adjustment Company, Inc.	  	USA (Delaware)	  	100%	
American Lenders Facilities, Inc.	  	USA (California)	  	100%	
ACE INA International Holdings, Ltd.	  	USA (Delaware)	  	100%	
ACE Insurance S.A.	  	Macau	  	99.94%	
ACE CIIC Holdings Limited	  	Cayman Islands	  	100%	
ACE CIIC Insurance Company S.A.E. Egypt	  	Egypt	  	51%	
ACE Synergy Insurance Berhad	  	Malaysia	  	51%	

Name 	  	Jurisdiction of
Organization	  	Percentage
Ownership	
ACE Insurance S.A.-N.V.	  	Belgium	  	.0523%
99.9477% (ACE INA Overseas Holdings, Inc.)	
ACE Seguros S.A.	  	Chile	  	66.53% (AIIH)
18.70% (AFIA Finance Corporation)
13.90%—(ESIS “Chile”)	
ACE Seguros S.A.	  	Colombia	  	99.7595%
55.1532% (INA)
24.0163% (AIIH)
9.2649% (INA Financial)
6.6923% (AFIA Finance Corporation)
4.6329% (CIRC)	
ACE Seguros S.A.	  	Ecuador	  	100%	
ACE Seguros S.A.	  	Mexico	  	99.9%	
Brandywine Reinsurance Co. (UK) Ltd	  	United Kingdom	  	100%	
Insurance Company of North America (U.K.) Ltd	  	United Kingdom	  	100%	
ACE Life Assurance Co. Ltd.	  	Thailand	  	70%
25% (Oriental)	
ACE Insurance Limited	  	South Africa	  	100%	
ACE Insurance Limited	  	New Zealand	  	100%	
ACE International Management Corporation	  	Pennsylvania	  	100%	
Cover Direct, Inc.	  	USA (Delaware)	  	100%	
ACE INA G.B. Holdings, Ltd	  	USA (Delaware)	  	100%	
ACE INA Services U.K. Limited	  	United Kingdom	  	100%	
INACAP Sociedad Anonima	  	Nicaragua	  	100%	
INACAP Reaseguros, Sociedad Anonima	  	Nicaragua	  	100%	
Century Inversiones, S.A.	  	Panama	  	100%	
ACE Insurance Limited	  	Australia	  	100%	
ACE INA Superannuation Pty. Limited	  	Australia	  	100%	
ACE Insurance Limited	  	Pakistan	  	100%	
ACE INA Overseas Insurance Company Ltd.	  	Bermuda	  	100%	
ACE Insurance Limited	  	Singapore	  	100%	
ACE Insurance	  	Japan	  	100%	
ACE Songai Service Kabushikigaisha	  	Japan	  	100%	
ACE INA Marketing Group C.A.	  	Venezuela	  	100%	
ACE INA Overseas Holdings, Inc.	  	USA (Delaware)	  	100%	
INACAN Holdings, Ltd.	  	Canada	  	100%	
ACE INA Insurance	  	Canada	  	100%	
ACE INA Life Insurance	  	Canada	  	100%	
ACE Insurance S.A.-N.V.	  	Belgium	  	99.9477%
.0523% (AIIH)	

Name 	  	Jurisdiction of
Organization	  	Percentage
Ownership	
ACE Insurance Company
(EI# 66-0437305, NAIC #30953, PR)	  	Puerto Rico	  	100%	
ACE Insurance Limited	  	Hong Kong	  	100%	
ACE INA Bermuda Insurance Managers Ltd.	  	Bermuda	  	100%	
DELPANAMA S.A.	  	Panama	  	100%	
INAMEX S.A.	  	Mexico	  	100%	
Oriental Equity Holdings Limited	  	British Virgin Islands	  	100%	
AFIA Finance Corporation	  	USA (Delaware)	  	100%	
AFIA Venezolana C.A.	  	Venezuela	  	100%	
ACE ICNA Italy Societa a Responsabilita Limitata	  	Italy	  	99.7%
0.3% (AIIH)	
ACE Servicios, S.A.	  	Argentina	  	100%	
AFIA Finance Corp. Chile Limitada	  	Chile	  	98%
2% (AIIH)	
PT. ACE INA Insurance	  	Indonesia	  	80%	
RIYAD Insurance Co. Ltd.	  	Bermuda	  	80%	
Safire Private Ltd.	  	Singapore	  	100%	
AFIA (INA) Corporation, Limited	  	USA (Delaware)	  	100%	
AFIA	  	Unincorporated
Association	  	60%	
AFIA (ACE) Corporation, Limited	  	USA (Delaware)	  	100%	
ACE Seguros S.A.	  	Colombia	  	99.86%
14.097% (other ACE entities)	
INAVEN, C.A. “Venezuela”	  	Venezuela	  	100%	
ACE Financial Services Inc./fka Capital Re Corporation	  	Delaware	  	100%	
ACE Finance Overseas Ltd.	  	United Kingdom	  	100%	
AGR Financial Products Inc.	  	Delaware	  	100%	
Capital RE LLC	  	Turks & Caicos	  	100%	
ACE (CR) Holdings	  	United Kingdom	  	100%	
ACE Capital VII Limited	  	United Kingdom	  	100%	
ACE (RGB) Holdings Limited	  	United Kingdom	  	100%	
ACE (CIDR) Limited	  	United Kingdom	  	100%	
Global Life Services Limited	  	United Kingdom	  	100%	
Ridge Underwriting Agencies Limited	  	United Kingdom	  	100%	
ACE Guaranty Corp. (EI# 52-1533088, NAIC #30180, MD)	  	Maryland	  	100%	
ACE Risk Assurance Company (EI# 13-4027591, NAIC #10943, MD)	  	Maryland	  	100%	
ACE Asset Management Inc.	  	Delaware	  	100%	
ACE (Barbados) Holdings Limited	  	Barbados	  	100%	
 
Exhibit 23.1
 
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
 
We consent to the incorporation by reference in the registration statements of ACE Limited on Form S-3 (File Nos. 333-78841, 333-60985 and 333-88482), Form S-4 (File No. 333-90927) and Form S-8 (File Nos. 33-86146, 333-1400, 333-1402, 333-1404, 33-46301, 333-72299, 333-82175, 333-93867, 333-72301, 333-61038, 333-86102 and 333-103701) of our reports dated February 3, 2003, on our audits of the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedules of ACE Limited as of December 31, 2002 and 2001, and for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, which reports are included and incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
 
P RICEWATERHOUSE C OOPERS LLP
 
New York, New York
March 26, 2003

 
Exhibit 99.1
 
CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
 
The undersigned officer of ACE Limited (the “Corporation”) hereby certifies that the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002, fully complies with the applicable reporting requirements of Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m(a)) and that the information contained in the Form 10-K fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of ACE Limited.
 
Dated: March 26, 2003
        /s/
B RIAN D UPERREAULT

Brian Duperreault
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Exhibit 99.2
 
CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
 
The undersigned officer of ACE Limited (the “Corporation”) hereby certifies that the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002, fully complies with the applicable reporting requirements of Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m(a)) and that the information contained in the Form 10-K fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of ACE Limited.
 
Dated: March 26, 2003
        /s/
P HILIP V. B ANCROFT

Philip V. Bancroft
Chief Financial Officer