Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark one)
x	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934	
For the quarterly period ended January 27, 2007
OR
 
¨	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934	
For the transition period from              to             
Commission file number 0-18225

CISCO SYSTEMS, INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

 
			
California	 	77-0059951	
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)	 	(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)	
170 West Tasman Drive
San Jose, California 95134
(Address of principal executive office and zip code)
(408) 526-4000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    YES   x     NO   ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large Accelerated filer   x     Accelerated filer   ¨     Non-Accelerated filer   ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    YES   ¨     NO   x
As of February 9, 2007, 6,040,034,409 shares of the registrant’s common stock were outstanding.

Table of Contents
 CISCO SYSTEMS, INC.
FORM 10-Q
FOR THE QUARTER ENDED JANUARY 27, 2007
INDEX

 	  	 	  	 	  	Page	
	  	Part I.	  	Financial Information	  		
				
	  	Item 1.	  	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	  		
				
	  		  	Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended January 27, 2007 and January 28, 2006	  	3	
				
	  		  	Consolidated Balance Sheets at January 27, 2007 and July 29, 2006	  	4	
				
	  		  	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended January 27, 2007 and January 28, 2006	  	5	
				
	  		  	Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the six months ended January 27, 2007 and January 28, 2006	  	6	
				
	  		  	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	  	7	
				
	  	Item 2.	  	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	  	29	
				
	  	Item 3.	  	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	  	48	
				
	  	Item 4.	  	Controls and Procedures	  	50	
				
	  	Part II.	  	Other Information	  		
				
	  	Item 1.	  	Legal Proceedings	  	51	
				
	  	Item 1A.	  	Risk Factors	  	52	
				
	  	Item 2.	  	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	  	65	
				
	  	Item 3.	  	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	  	65	
				
	  	Item 4.	  	Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders	  	65	
				
	  	Item 5.	  	Other Information	  	66	
				
	  	Item 6.	  	Exhibits	  	66	
				
	  		  	Signature	  	67	
 
2

Table of Contents
 PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)
 CISCO SYSTEMS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in millions, except per-share amounts)
(Unaudited)

 	  	Three Months Ended	  	Six Months Ended	
 	  	January 27,
2007	  	January 28,
2006	  	January 27,
2007	  	January 28,
2006	
NET SALES:	  			  			  			  			
Product	  	$	7,099	  	$	5,537	  	$	14,039	  	$	11,028	
Service	  	 	1,340	  	 	1,091	  	 	2,584	  	 	2,150	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Total net sales	  	 	8,439	  	 	6,628	  	 	16,623	  	 	13,178	

COST OF SALES:	  			  			  			  			
Product	  	 	2,544	  	 	1,774	  	 	5,043	  	 	3,525	
Service	  	 	507	  	 	388	  	 	959	  	 	777	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Total cost of sales	  	 	3,051	  	 	2,162	  	 	6,002	  	 	4,302	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
GROSS MARGIN	  	 	5,388	  	 	4,466	  	 	10,621	  	 	8,876	
					
OPERATING EXPENSES:	  			  			  			  			
Research and development	  	 	1,094	  	 	966	  	 	2,177	  	 	1,962	
Sales and marketing	  	 	1,726	  	 	1,431	  	 	3,412	  	 	2,884	
General and administrative	  	 	340	  	 	282	  	 	704	  	 	560	
Amortization of purchased intangible assets	  	 	96	  	 	56	  	 	201	  	 	115	
In-process research and development	  	 	2	  	 	—  	  	 	6	  	 	2	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Total operating expenses	  	 	3,258	  	 	2,735	  	 	6,500	  	 	5,523	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
OPERATING INCOME	  	 	2,130	  	 	1,731	  	 	4,121	  	 	3,353	
Interest income, net	  	 	172	  	 	168	  	 	329	  	 	322	
Other income, net	  	 	33	  	 	17	  	 	61	  	 	—  	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Interest and other income, net	  	 	205	  	 	185	  	 	390	  	 	322	

INCOME BEFORE PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES	  	 	2,335	  	 	1,916	  	 	4,511	  	 	3,675	
Provision for income taxes	  	 	414	  	 	541	  	 	982	  	 	1,039	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
NET INCOME	  	$	1,921	  	$	1,375	  	$	3,529	  	$	2,636	

Net income per share — basic	  	$	0.32	  	$	0.22	  	$	0.58	  	$	0.43	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Net income per share — diluted	  	$	0.31	  	$	0.22	  	$	0.56	  	$	0.42	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Shares used in per-share calculation — basic	  	 	6,057	  	 	6,146	  	 	6,060	  	 	6,195	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Shares used in per-share calculation — diluted	  	 	6,291	  	 	6,248	  	 	6,255	  	 	6,301	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
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Table of Contents
 CISCO SYSTEMS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in millions, except par value)
(Unaudited)

 	  	January 27,
2007	 	 	July 29,
2006	 	
ASSETS	  				 				
Current assets:	  				 				
Cash and cash equivalents	  	$	2,434	 	 	$	3,297	 	
Investments	  	 	18,247	 	 	 	14,517	 	
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $169 at January 27, 2007 and $175 at July 29, 2006	  	 	2,908	 	 	 	3,303	 	
Inventories	  	 	1,642	 	 	 	1,371	 	
Deferred tax assets	  	 	1,673	 	 	 	1,604	 	
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	  	 	1,612	 	 	 	1,584	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total current assets	  	 	28,516	 	 	 	25,676	 	
Property and equipment, net	  	 	3,539	 	 	 	3,440	 	
Goodwill	  	 	9,318	 	 	 	9,227	 	
Purchased intangible assets, net	  	 	1,960	 	 	 	2,161	 	
Other assets	  	 	2,921	 	 	 	2,811	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
TOTAL ASSETS	  	$	46,254	 	 	$	    43,315	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY	  				 				
Current liabilities:	  				 				
Accounts payable	  	$	931	 	 	$	880	 	
Income taxes payable	  	 	1,330	 	 	 	1,744	 	
Accrued compensation	  	 	1,589	 	 	 	1,516	 	
Deferred revenue	  	 	4,718	 	 	 	4,408	 	
Other accrued liabilities	  	 	2,923	 	 	 	2,765	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total current liabilities	  	 	11,491	 	 	 	11,313	 	
Long-term debt	  	 	6,416	 	 	 	6,332	 	
Deferred revenue	  	 	1,343	 	 	 	1,241	 	
Other long-term liabilities	  	 	414	 	 	 	511	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total liabilities	  	 	19,664	 	 	 	19,397	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Minority interest	  	 	8	 	 	 	6	 	
			
Shareholders’ equity:	  				 				
Preferred stock, no par value: 5 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding	  	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Common stock and additional paid-in capital, $0.001 par value: 20,000 shares authorized; 6,048 and 6,059 shares issued and outstanding at January 27, 2007 and July 29, 2006, respectively	  	 	27,245	 	 	 	24,257	 	
Accumulated deficit	  	 	(1,083	)	 	 	(617	)	
Accumulated other comprehensive income	  	 	420	 	 	 	272	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total shareholders’ equity	  	 	26,582	 	 	 	23,912	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY	  	$	46,254	 	 	$	43,315	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
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Table of Contents
 CISCO SYSTEMS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in millions)
(Unaudited)

 	  	Six Months Ended	 	
 	  	January 27,
2007	 	 	January 28,
2006	 	
Cash flows from operating activities:	  				 				
Net income	  	$	3,529	 	 	$	2,636	 	
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:	  				 				
Depreciation and amortization	  	 	690	 	 	 	512	 	
Employee share-based compensation expense	  	 	472	 	 	 	578	 	
Share-based compensation expense related to acquisitions and investments	  	 	19	 	 	 	52	 	
Provision for doubtful accounts	  	 	—  	 	 	 	10	 	
Provision for inventory	  	 	116	 	 	 	70	 	
Deferred income taxes	  	 	(66	)	 	 	1	 	
Excess tax benefits from share-based compensation	  	 	(428	)	 	 	(125	)	
In-process research and development	  	 	6	 	 	 	2	 	
Net gains and impairment charges on investments	  	 	(99	)	 	 	(21	)	
Change in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions:	  				 				
Accounts receivable	  	 	395	 	 	 	(329	)	
Inventories	  	 	(387	)	 	 	(115	)	
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	  	 	(39	)	 	 	(47	)	
Lease receivables, net	  	 	(66	)	 	 	(60	)	
Accounts payable	  	 	51	 	 	 	(51	)	
Income taxes payable	  	 	104	 	 	 	63	 	
Accrued compensation	  	 	73	 	 	 	(97	)	
Deferred revenue	  	 	412	 	 	 	59	 	
Other liabilities	  	 	147	 	 	 	129	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash provided by operating activities	  	 	4,929	 	 	 	3,267	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash flows from investing activities:	  				 				
Purchases of investments	  	 	(11,184	)	 	 	(10,467	)	
Proceeds from sales and maturities of investments	  	 	7,762	 	 	 	11,886	 	
Acquisition of property and equipment	  	 	(548	)	 	 	(394	)	
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash and cash equivalents acquired	  	 	(166	)	 	 	(150	)	
Change in investments in privately held companies	  	 	(76	)	 	 	(90	)	
Purchase of minority interest of Cisco Systems, K.K. (Japan)	  	 	—  	 	 	 	(25	)	
Other	  	 	(27	)	 	 	(84	)	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	  	 	(4,239	)	 	 	676	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash flows from financing activities:	  				 				
Issuance of common stock	  	 	2,779	 	 	 	563	 	
Repurchase of common stock	  	 	(4,781	)	 	 	(4,248	)	
Excess tax benefits from share-based compensation	  	 	428	 	 	 	125	 	
Other	  	 	21	 	 	 	26	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash used in financing activities	  	 	(1,553	)	 	 	(3,534	)	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	  	 	(863	)	 	 	409	 	
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	  	 	3,297	 	 	 	4,742	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	  	$	2,434	 	 	$	5,151	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
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Table of Contents
 CISCO SYSTEMS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in millions)
(Unaudited)

Six Months Ended January 28, 2006	  	Shares
of
Common
Stock	 	 	Common Stock
and Additional
Paid-In
Capital	 	 	Retained
Earnings
(Accumulated
Deficit)	 	 	Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income	  	Total
Shareholders’
Equity	 	
BALANCE AT JULY 30, 2005	  	6,331	 	 	$	22,394	 	 	$	506	 	 	$	274	  	$	23,174	 	
Net income	  	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	2,636	 	 	 	—  	  	 	2,636	 	
Change in unrealized gains and losses on investments, net of tax	  	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	11	  	 	11	 	
Other	  	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	40	  	 	40	 	
	  			 				 				 			  	 	 	 	
Comprehensive income	  			 				 				 			  	 	2,687	 	
	  			 				 				 			  	 	 	 	
Issuance of common stock	  	56	 	 	 	563	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	  	 	563	 	
Repurchase of common stock	  	(236	)	 	 	(838	)	 	 	(3,410	)	 	 	—  	  	 	(4,248	)	
Tax benefits from employee stock incentive plans	  	—  	 	 	 	140	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	  	 	140	 	
Purchase acquisitions	  	1	 	 	 	24	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	  	 	24	 	
Employee share-based compensation expense	  	—  	 	 	 	572	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	  	 	572	 	
Share-based compensation expense related to acquisitions and investments	  	—  	 	 	 	52	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	  	 	52	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
BALANCE AT JANUARY 28, 2006	  	6,152	 	 	$	22,907	 	 	$	(268	)	 	$	325	  	$	22,964	 	

Six Months Ended January 27, 2007	  	Shares
of
Common
Stock	 	 	Common Stock
and Additional
Paid-In
Capital	 	 	Accumulated
Deficit	 	 	Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income	  	Total
Shareholders’
Equity	 	
BALANCE AT JULY 29, 2006	  	6,059	 	 	$	24,257	 	 	$	(617	)	 	$	272	  	$	23,912	 	
Net income	  	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	3,529	 	 	 	—  	  	 	3,529	 	
Change in unrealized gains and losses on investments, net of tax	  	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	107	  	 	107	 	
Other	  	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	41	  	 	41	 	
	  			 				 				 			  	 	 	 	
Comprehensive income	  			 				 				 			  	 	3,677	 	
	  			 				 				 			  	 	 	 	
Issuance of common stock	  	176	 	 	 	2,779	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	  	 	2,779	 	
Repurchase of common stock	  	(187	)	 	 	(786	)	 	 	(3,995	)	 	 	—  	  	 	(4,781	)	
Tax benefits from employee stock incentive plans	  	—  	 	 	 	503	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	  	 	503	 	
Purchase acquisitions	  	—  	 	 	 	3	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	  	 	3	 	
Employee share-based compensation expense	  	—  	 	 	 	470	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	  	 	470	 	
Share-based compensation expense related to acquisitions and investments	  	—  	 	 	 	19	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	  	 	19	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
BALANCE AT JANUARY 27, 2007	  	6,048	 	 	$	27,245	 	 	$	(1,083	)	 	$	420	  	$	26,582	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Supplemental Information
In September 2001, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program. As of January 27, 2007, the Company’s Board of Directors had authorized an aggregate repurchase of up to $47 billion of common stock under this program, which includes the November 15, 2006 authorization to repurchase up to an additional $7 billion of the Company’s common stock with no termination date. For additional information regarding stock repurchases, see Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The purchase price of shares of common stock repurchased was reflected as (i) a reduction to retained earnings until retained earnings were zero and then as an increase to accumulated deficit and (ii) a reduction of common stock and additional paid-in capital. Issuance of common stock and the tax benefit related to employee stock incentive plans are recorded in shareholders’ equity as an increase to common stock and additional paid-in capital. The stock repurchases since the inception of this program are summarized in the table below (in millions):

 	  	Shares
of
Common
Stock	  	Common Stock
and Additional
Paid-In
Capital	  	Retained
Earnings
(Accumulated
Deficit)	  	Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income	  	Total
Shareholders’
Equity	
Repurchases of common stock	  	2,118	  	$	7,080	  	$	33,149	  	$	—  	  	$	40,229	
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
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Table of Contents
 CISCO SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
1. Description of Business
Cisco Systems, Inc. (the “Company” or “Cisco”) designs, manufactures, and sells networking and other products related to the communications and information technology industry and provides services associated with these products and their use. The Company’s products are installed at corporations, public institutions, telecommunications companies, commercial businesses and personal residences. Cisco provides a broad line of products for transporting data, voice, and video within buildings, across campuses, and around the world.
The Company conducts business globally and is primarily managed on a geographic basis in the following theaters: United States and Canada; European Markets; Emerging Markets; Asia Pacific; and Japan. The Emerging Markets theater consists of Eastern Europe, Latin America, the Middle East and Africa, and Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).
On February 24, 2006, the Company completed the acquisition of Scientific-Atlanta, Inc. (“Scientific-Atlanta”), a provider of set-top boxes, end-to-end video distribution networks, and video system integration. With this acquisition, the Company has enhanced its video capabilities to help enable the convergence of data, voice and video technologies. The Company seeks to have further strategic business relationships with key service provider customers, and to reach a broad range of consumers with its enhanced product line following the acquisition.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Fiscal Year
The Company’s fiscal year is the 52 or 53 weeks ending on the last Saturday in July. Fiscal 2007 and fiscal 2006 are 52-week fiscal years.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying financial data as of January 27, 2007 and for the three and six months ended January 27, 2007 and January 28, 2006 has been prepared by the Company, without audit, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The July 29, 2006 Consolidated Balance Sheet was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. However, the Company believes that the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. These Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 29, 2006.
In the opinion of management, all adjustments (which include normal recurring adjustments, except as disclosed herein) necessary to present a fair statement of financial position as of January 27, 2007, results of operations for the three and six months ended January 27, 2007 and January 28, 2006, cash flows, and shareholders’ equity for the six months ended January 27, 2007 and January 28, 2006, as applicable, have been made. The results of operations for the three and six months ended January 27, 2007 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full fiscal year or any future periods.
Computation of Net Income per Share
Basic net income per share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares and dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive potential common shares primarily consist of employee stock options, restricted common stock and restricted stock units.
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 128, “Earnings per Share,” requires that employee equity share options, nonvested shares, and similar equity instruments granted by the Company be treated as potential common shares outstanding in computing diluted earnings per share. Diluted shares outstanding include the dilutive effect of in-the-money options which is calculated based on the average share price for each fiscal period using the treasury stock method. Under the treasury stock method,
 
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Table of Contents
CISCO SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
 
the amount the employee must pay for exercising stock options, the amount of compensation cost for future service that the Company has not yet recognized, and the amount of tax benefits that would be recorded in additional paid-in capital when the award becomes deductible are assumed to be used to repurchase shares.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In July 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Financial Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes-an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109” (“FIN 48”), which is a change in accounting for income taxes. FIN 48 specifies how tax benefits for uncertain tax positions are to be recognized, measured, and derecognized in financial statements; requires certain disclosures of uncertain tax matters; specifies how reserves for uncertain tax positions should be classified on the balance sheet; and provides transition and interim-period guidance, among other provisions. FIN 48 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006 and as a result, is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2008. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of FIN 48 on its Consolidated Financial Statements.
In September 2006, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 108 (“SAB 108”), “Considering the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements when Quantifying Misstatements in Current Year Financial Statements.” SAB 108 provides interpretative guidance on the process of quantifying financial statement misstatements and is effective for fiscal years ending after November 15, 2006. The Company applied the provisions of SAB 108 beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2007 and there was no impact to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Reclassifications
Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts in order to conform to the current period’s presentation.
3. Business Combinations
Purchase Acquisitions
A summary of the purchase acquisitions and asset purchases for the six months ended January 27, 2007 is as follows (in millions):

 	  	Purchase
Consideration	  	Liabilities
Assumed	  	In-Process
R&D
Expense	  	Purchased
Intangible
Assets	  	Goodwill	
Arroyo Video Solutions, Inc.	  	$	86	  	$	1	  	$	3	  	$	25	  	$	57	
Other	  	 	86	  	 	6	  	 	3	  	 	42	  	 	41	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Total	  	$	172	  	$	7	  	$	6	  	$	67	  	$	98	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
The Company acquired Arroyo Video Solutions, Inc. to enable carriers to accelerate the creation and distribution of network-delivered entertainment, interactive media and advertising services across the growing portfolio of televisions, personal computers, and mobile handsets.
Under the terms of the definitive agreements related to the acquisitions and asset purchases, the purchase consideration consisted of cash and stock options assumed. The purchase consideration for the Company’s acquisitions and asset purchases is also allocated to tangible assets acquired. The Consolidated Financial Statements include the operating results of each business from the date of acquisition. Pro forma results of operations for the acquisitions completed during the six months ended January 27, 2007 have not been presented because the effects of the acquisitions, individually or in the aggregate, were not material to the Company’s financial results.
Pro Forma Financial Information Relating to the Acquisition of Scientific-Atlanta, Inc.
The financial information in the table below summarizes the combined results of operations of Cisco and Scientific-Atlanta, on a pro forma basis, as though the companies had been combined at the beginning of each period presented. The pro forma financial
 
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CISCO SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
 
information for the three and six months ended January 28, 2006 combines the historical results of operations of Cisco for the three and six months ended January 28, 2006, with the historical results of operations of Scientific-Atlanta for the three and six months ended December 30, 2005.
The pro forma financial information is presented for informational purposes only and is not indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved if the acquisition of Scientific-Atlanta and issuance of $6.5 billion of debt (see Note 7) had taken place at the beginning of each period presented. The debt was issued to finance the acquisition of Scientific-Atlanta as well as for general corporate purposes. For the purposes of this pro forma financial information, the interest expense on the entire debt, including the effects of hedging, was included in the pro forma financial adjustments. The pro forma financial information for the three and six months ended January 28, 2006 also includes the purchase accounting adjustments on historical Scientific-Atlanta inventory, adjustments to depreciation on acquired property and equipment, a charge for in-process research and development, amortization charges from acquired intangible assets, adjustments to interest income, and related tax effects.
 
The following table summarizes the pro forma financial information (in millions, except per-share amounts):

 	  	Three Months
Ended
January 28,
2006	  	Six Months
Ended
January 28,
2006	
Net sales	  	$	7,123	  	$	14,163	
Net income	  	$	1,211	  	$	2,420	
Net income per share—basic	  	$	0.20	  	$	0.39	
Net income per share—diluted	  	$	0.19	  	$	0.38	
Purchased Intangible Assets and In-Process Research and Development
The following table presents the amortization of purchased intangible assets and in-process research and development (in millions):

 	  	Three Months Ended	  	Six Months Ended	
 	  	January 27,
2007	  	January 28,
2006	  	January 27,
2007	  	January 28,
2006	
Amortization of purchased intangible assets	  	$	132	  	$	56	  	$	273	  	$	115	
In-process research and development	  	$	2	  	$	—  	  	$	6	  	$	2	
The Company’s methodology for allocating the purchase price for purchase acquisitions to in-process research and development (“in-process R&D”) is determined through established valuation techniques. In-process R&D is expensed upon acquisition because technological feasibility has not been established and no future alternative uses exist.
The following table presents details of the purchased intangible assets acquired during the six months ended January 27, 2007 (in millions, except years):

  	  	Technology	  	Customer
Relationships	  	Total	
 	  	Weighted
Average
Useful Life
(in Years)	  	Amount	  	Weighted
Average
Useful Life
(in Years)	  	Amount	  	Amount	
Arroyo Video Solutions, Inc.	  	5.0	  	$	14	  	7.0	  	$	11	  	$	25	
Other	  	4.2	  	 	35	  	4.5	  	 	7	  	 	42	
	  		  	 	 	  		  	 	 	  	 	 	
	  		  	$	49	  		  	$	18	  	$	67	

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CISCO SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
 
The following tables present details of the Company’s purchased intangible assets (in millions):

January 27, 2007	  	Gross	  	Accumulated
Amortization	 	 	Net	
Technology	  	$	    1,028	  	$	(359	)	 	$	669	
Customer relationships	  	 	1,558	  	 	(296	)	 	 	1,262	
Other	  	 	140	  	 	(111	)	 	 	29	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	2,726	  	$	(766	)	 	$	    1,960	

July 29, 2006	  	Gross	  	Accumulated
Amortization	 	 	Net	
Technology	  	$	1,052	  	$	(302	)	 	$	750	
Customer relationships	  	 	1,535	  	 	(175	)	 	 	1,360	
Other	  	 	164	  	 	(113	)	 	 	51	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	2,751	  	$	(590	)	 	$	2,161	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The estimated future amortization expense of purchased intangible assets as of January 27, 2007 is as follows (in millions):

Fiscal Year	  	Amount	
2007 (remaining six months)	  	$	263	
2008	  	 	482	
2009	  	 	397	
2010	  	 	289	
2011	  	 	217	
Thereafter	  	 	312	
	  	 	 	
Total	  	$	1,960	
	  	 	 	
Goodwill
The following table presents the changes in goodwill allocated to the Company’s reportable segments during the six months ended January 27, 2007 (in millions):

 	  	Balance at
July 29,
2006	  	Acquisitions	  	Other	 	 	Balance at
January 27,
2007	
United States and Canada	  	$	    6,778	  	$	    63	  	$	(15	)	 	$	    6,826	
European Markets	  	 	1,127	  	 	18	  	 	10	 	 	 	1,155	
Emerging Markets	  	 	292	  	 	4	  	 	(2	)	 	 	294	
Asia Pacific	  	 	277	  	 	9	  	 	    —  	 	 	 	286	
Japan	  	 	753	  	 	4	  	 	—  	 	 	 	757	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	9,227	  	$	98	  	$	(7	)	 	$	9,318	

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CISCO SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
 
Compensation Expense Related to Acquisitions and Investments
The following table presents the compensation expense related to acquisitions and investments (in millions):

 	  	Three Months Ended	  	Six Months Ended	
 	  	January 27,
2007	  	January 28,
2006	  	January 27,
2007	  	January 28,
2006	
Share-based compensation expense	  	$	9	  	$	24	  	$	19	  	$	52	
Cash compensation expense	  	 	18	  	 	6	  	 	29	  	 	18	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Total	  	$	27	  	$	30	  	$	48	  	$	70	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Share-Based Compensation Expense
Beginning in fiscal 2006, share-based compensation related to acquisitions and investments is measured under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment,” (“SFAS 123(R)”) and includes deferred share-based compensation relating to acquisitions completed prior to fiscal 2006. As of January 27, 2007, the remaining balance of share-based compensation related to acquisitions and investments to be recognized over the vesting periods was approximately $58 million.
Cash Compensation Expense
In connection with the Company’s purchase acquisitions, asset purchases, and acquisitions of variable interest entities, the Company has agreed to pay certain additional amounts in cash contingent upon achieving certain agreed-upon technology, development, product, or other milestones or continued employment of certain employees with the Company. In each case, any additional amounts paid will be recorded as compensation expense. As of January 27, 2007 and July 29, 2006, the Company had remaining commitments of $194 million and $223 million, respectively, pursuant to these agreements.
 
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CISCO SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
 
4. Balance Sheet Details
The following tables provide details of selected balance sheet items (in millions):

  	  	January 27,
2007	 	 	July 29,
2006	 	
Inventories:	  				 				
Raw materials	  	$	178	 	 	$	131	 	
Work in process	  	 	440	 	 	 	377	 	
Finished goods:	  				 				
Distributor inventory and deferred cost of sales	  	 	456	 	 	 	423	 	
Manufacturing finished goods	  	 	339	 	 	 	236	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total finished goods	  	 	795	 	 	 	659	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Service-related spares	  	 	193	 	 	 	170	 	
Demonstration systems	  	 	36	 	 	 	34	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	1,642	 	 	$	1,371	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Property and equipment, net:	  				 				
Land, buildings, and leasehold improvements	  	$	3,736	 	 	$	3,647	 	
Computer equipment and related software	  	 	1,446	 	 	 	1,352	 	
Production, engineering, and other equipment	  	 	3,995	 	 	 	3,678	 	
Operating lease assets	  	 	158	 	 	 	153	 	
Furniture and fixtures	  	 	370	 	 	 	363	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
	  	 	9,705	 	 	 	9,193	 	
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	  	 	(6,166	)	 	 	(5,753	)	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	3,539	 	 	$	3,440	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other assets:	  				 				
Deferred tax assets	  	$	972	 	 	$	983	 	
Investments in privately held companies	  	 	636	 	 	 	574	 	
Income tax receivable	  	 	277	 	 	 	279	 	
Lease receivables, net	  	 	479	 	 	 	464	 	
Other	  	 	557	 	 	 	511	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	2,921	 	 	$	2,811	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Deferred revenue:	  				 				
Service	  	$	4,229	 	 	$	4,088	 	
Product:	  				 				
Unrecognized revenue on product shipments and other deferred revenue	  	 	1,380	 	 	 	1,156	 	
Cash receipts related to unrecognized revenue from two-tier distributors	  	 	452	 	 	 	405	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total product deferred revenue	  	 	1,832	 	 	 	1,561	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	6,061	 	 	$	5,649	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Reported as:	  				 				
Current	  	$	4,718	 	 	$	4,408	 	
Noncurrent	  	 	1,343	 	 	 	1,241	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	6,061	 	 	$	5,649	 	

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CISCO SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
 
5. Lease Receivables, Net
Lease receivables represent sales-type and direct-financing leases resulting from the sale of the Company’s and complementary third-party products and services. These lease arrangements typically have terms from two to three years and are generally collateralized by a security interest in the underlying assets. The current portion of lease receivables, net, is recorded in prepaid expenses and other current assets, and the noncurrent portion is recorded in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The net lease receivables are summarized as follows (in millions):

  	  	January 27,
2007	 	 	July 29,
2006	 	
Gross lease receivables	  	$	1,035	 	 	$	960	 	
Unearned income and other allowances	  	 	(197	)	 	 	(188	)	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	838	 	 	$	772	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Reported as:	  				 				
Current	  	$	359	 	 	$	308	 	
Noncurrent	  	 	479	 	 	 	464	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	838	 	 	$	772	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Contractual maturities of the gross lease receivables at January 27, 2007 were as follows (in millions):

Fiscal Year	  	Amount	
2007 (remaining six months)	  	$	245	
2008	  	 	368	
2009	  	 	238	
2010	  	 	118	
2011	  	 	48	
Thereafter	  	 	18	
	  	 	 	
Total	  	$	1,035	
	  	 	 	
Actual cash collections may differ from the contractual maturities due to early customer buyouts, refinancings, or defaults.
6. Investments
The following tables summarize the Company’s investments (in millions):

January 27, 2007	  	Amortized
Cost	  	Gross
Unrealized
Gains	  	Gross
Unrealized
Losses	 	 	Fair
Value	
Fixed income securities:	  			  			  				 			
U.S. government notes and bonds	  	$	7,023	  	$	4	  	$	(28	)	 	$	6,999	
Corporate notes, bonds, and asset-backed securities	  	 	8,881	  	 	7	  	 	(58	)	 	 	8,830	
Municipal notes and bonds	  	 	1,367	  	 	—  	  	 	(2	)	 	 	1,365	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total fixed income securities	  	 	17,271	  	 	11	  	 	(88	)	 	 	17,194	
Publicly traded equity securities	  	 	694	  	 	363	  	 	(4	)	 	 	1,053	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	17,965	  	$	374	  	$	(92	)	 	$	18,247	

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CISCO SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)

July 29, 2006	  	Amortized
Cost	  	Gross
Unrealized
Gains	  	Gross
Unrealized
Losses	 	 	Fair Value	
Fixed income securities:	  			  			  				 			
U.S. government notes and bonds	  	$	5,179	  	$	3	  	$	(47	)	 	$	5,135	
Corporate notes, bonds, and asset-backed securities	  	 	7,950	  	 	2	  	 	(88	)	 	 	7,864	
Municipal notes and bonds	  	 	809	  	 	—  	  	 	(3	)	 	 	806	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total fixed income securities	  	 	13,938	  	 	5	  	 	(138	)	 	 	13,805	
Publicly traded equity securities	  	 	467	  	 	252	  	 	(7	)	 	 	712	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	    14,405	  	$	    257	  	$	(145	)	 	$	    14,517	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The following table summarizes the maturities of the Company’s fixed income securities at January 27, 2007 (in millions):

  	  	Amortized
Cost	  	Fair Value	
Less than 1 year	  	$	4,897	  	$	4,888	
Due in 1 to 2 years	  	 	4,995	  	 	4,973	
Due in 2 to 5 years	  	 	5,460	  	 	5,414	
Due after 5 years	  	 	1,919	  	 	1,919	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Total	  	$	    17,271	  	$	    17,194	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Actual maturities may differ from the contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay certain obligations.
7. Long-Term Debt
In February 2006, the Company issued $500 million of senior floating interest rate notes due 2009 (the “2009 Notes”), $3.0 billion of 5.25% senior notes due 2011 (the “2011 Notes”) and $3.0 billion of 5.50% senior notes due 2016 (the “2016 Notes”), for an aggregate principal amount of $6.5 billion. The following table summarizes the Company’s long-term debt (in millions, except percentages):

  	  	January 27, 2007	 	 	July 29, 2006	 	
 	  	Amount	 	 	Effective
Rate(1)	 	 	Amount	 	 	Effective
Rate(1)	 	
Senior notes:	  				 			 				 			
Floating-rate notes, due 2009	  	$	500	 	 	5.45	%	 	$	500	 	 	5.27	%	
5.25% fixed-rate notes, due 2011	  	 	3,000	 	 	5.57	%	 	 	3,000	 	 	5.39	%	
5.50% fixed-rate notes, due 2016	  	 	3,000	 	 	5.80	%	 	 	3,000	 	 	5.62	%	
	  	 	 	 	 			 	 	 	 	 			
Total senior notes	  	 	6,500	 	 			 	 	6,500	 	 			
Other notes	  	 	5	 	 			 	 	5	 	 			
Unamortized discount	  	 	(17	)	 			 	 	(18	)	 			
Fair value adjustment	  	 	(72	)	 			 	 	(155	)	 			
	  	 	 	 	 			 	 	 	 	 			
Total	  	$	    6,416	 	 			 	$	    6,332	 	 			

(1)	The effective rates for the 2011 Notes and the 2016 Notes reflect the variable rate in effect as of the period end on the interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges of those notes, including the amortization of the discount.	
The 2011 Notes and the 2016 Notes are redeemable by the Company at any time, subject to a make-whole premium. To achieve its interest rate objectives, the Company entered into $6.0 billion notional amount of interest rate swaps. In effect, these swaps convert the fixed interest rates of the 2011 Notes and the 2016 Notes to floating interest rates based on the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR). Gains and losses in the fair value of the interest rate swaps offset changes in the fair value of the underlying debt. The Company was in compliance with all debt covenants as of January 27, 2007.
 
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CISCO SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
 
Interest is payable quarterly on the 2009 Notes and semi-annually on the 2011 Notes and 2016 Notes. Interest expense, net of the effect of hedging, included in interest income, net, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and cash paid for interest are summarized as follows (in millions):

 	  	Three Months Ended	  	Six Months Ended	
 	  	January 27,
2007	  	January 28,
2006	  	January 27,
2007	  	January 28,
2006	
Interest expense	  	$	95	  	$	—  	  	$	189	  	$	—  	
Cash paid for interest	  	$	7	  	$	—  	  	$	173	  	$	—  	
8. Commitments and Contingencies
Operating Leases
The Company leases office space in several U.S. locations. Outside the United States, larger sites include Australia, Belgium, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, and the United Kingdom. Future annual minimum lease payments under all noncancelable operating leases with an initial term in excess of one year as of January 27, 2007 are as follows (in millions):

Fiscal Year	  	Amount	
2007 (remaining six months)	  	$	150	
2008	  	 	200	
2009	  	 	163	
2010	  	 	140	
2011	  	 	124	
Thereafter	  	 	654	
	  	 	 	
Total	  	$	1,431	
	  	 	 	
Purchase Commitments with Contract Manufacturers and Suppliers
The Company purchases components from a variety of suppliers and uses several contract manufacturers to provide manufacturing services for its products. During the normal course of business, in order to manage manufacturing lead times and help ensure adequate component supply, the Company enters into agreements with contract manufacturers and suppliers that either allow them to procure inventory based upon criteria as defined by the Company or that establish the parameters defining the Company’s requirements. In certain instances, these agreements allow the Company the option to cancel, reschedule, and adjust the Company’s requirements based on its business needs prior to firm orders being placed. Consequently, only a portion of the Company’s reported purchase commitments arising from these agreements are firm, noncancelable, and unconditional commitments. As of January 27, 2007, the Company had total purchase commitments for inventory of $2.5 billion, compared with $2.0 billion as of July 29, 2006.
In addition to the above, the Company records a liability for firm, noncancelable, and unconditional purchase commitments for quantities in excess of its future demand forecasts consistent with the valuation of the Company’s inventory. As of January 27, 2007, the liability for these purchase commitments was $140 million, compared with $148 million as of July 29, 2006, and was included in other accrued liabilities.
Nuova Systems, Inc.
In the first quarter of fiscal 2007, the Company made an investment in Nuova Systems, Inc. (“Nuova Systems”), which conducts research and development on data center-related products. As a result of this investment, the Company owns approximately 80% of Nuova Systems and has consolidated the results of Nuova Systems in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2007. This investment includes $50 million of funding and a license to certain of the Company’s technology. In addition, upon the occurrence of certain events, the Company has committed up to $42 million of additional funding to Nuova Systems.
 
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CISCO SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
 
In connection with this investment, the Company and Nuova Systems have entered into a call option agreement that provides the Company with the right to purchase the remaining interests of approximately 20% in Nuova Systems. If exercised by the Company, the call option provides that the minority interest holders would be eligible to receive two milestone payments based on a formula set forth in the call option agreement. The amounts due under the milestone payments will be recognized by the Company when it is determined that the exercise of the call option is probable. These amounts will be recorded as compensation expense based on an estimate of the fair value of the amounts earned by the minority interest holders pursuant to a vesting schedule. Subsequent changes to the fair value of the amounts probable of being earned and the continued vesting will result in adjustments to the recorded compensation expense. If the Company exercises the call option, the potential amount recorded as compensation expense would be up to a maximum of $578 million.
Other Commitments
The Company has entered into an agreement to invest approximately $800 million in venture funds managed by SOFTBANK Corp. and its affiliates (“SOFTBANK”) that are required to be funded on demand. The total commitment is to be invested in venture funds and as senior debt with entities as directed by SOFTBANK. The Company’s commitment to fund the senior debt is contingent upon the achievement of certain agreed-upon milestones. As of January 27, 2007, the Company had invested $606 million in the venture funds pursuant to the commitment, compared with $523 million as of July 29, 2006. In addition, as of January 27, 2007 and July 29, 2006, the Company had invested $49 million in the senior debt pursuant to the commitment, all of which has been repaid.
The Company also has certain other funding commitments related to its privately held investments that are based on the achievement of certain agreed-upon milestones. The funding commitments were approximately $23 million as of January 27, 2007, compared with approximately $34 million as of July 29, 2006.
Variable Interest Entities
In the ordinary course of business, the Company has investments in privately held companies and provides financing to certain customers through its wholly owned subsidiaries, which may be considered to be variable interest entities. The Company has evaluated its investments in privately held companies and customer financings and determined that there were no significant unconsolidated variable interest entities as of January 27, 2007.
Guarantees and Product Warranties
The Company’s guarantees issued that are subject to recognition and disclosure requirements as of January 27, 2007 and July 29, 2006 were not material. The following table summarizes the activity related to the product warranty liability during the six months ended January 27, 2007 and January 28, 2006 (in millions):

 	  	Six Months Ended	 	
 	  	January 27,
2007	 	 	January 28,
2006	 	
Balance at beginning of period	  	$	309	 	 	$	259	 	
Provision for warranties issued	  	 	242	 	 	 	190	 	
Payments	  	 	(222	)	 	 	(191	)	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance at end of period	  	$	329	 	 	$	258	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The Company accrues for warranty costs as part of its cost of sales based on associated material product costs, labor costs for technical support staff, and associated overhead. The products sold are generally covered by a warranty for periods ranging from 90 days to five years, and for some products the Company provides a limited lifetime warranty.
In the normal course of business, the Company indemnifies other parties, including customers, lessors, and parties to other transactions with the Company, with respect to certain matters. The Company has agreed to hold the other parties harmless against losses arising from a breach of representations or covenants, or out of intellectual property infringement or other claims made against certain parties. These agreements may limit the time within which an indemnification claim can be made and the amount of the claim.
 
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CISCO SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
 
In addition, the Company has entered into indemnification agreements with its officers and directors, and the Company’s bylaws contain similar indemnification obligations to the Company’s agents.
It is not possible to determine the maximum potential amount under these indemnification agreements due to the Company’s limited history with prior indemnification claims and the unique facts and circumstances involved in each particular agreement. Historically, payments made by the Company under these agreements have not had a material effect on the Company’s operating results, financial position, or cash flows.
Derivative Instruments
The Company primarily uses derivative instruments to manage exposures to foreign currency, interest rate, and equity security price risks. The Company’s primary objective in holding derivatives is to reduce the volatility of earnings and cash flows associated with changes in foreign currency, interest rates, and equity security prices. The Company’s derivatives expose it to credit risk to the extent that the counterparties may be unable to meet the terms of the agreement. The Company seeks to reduce such risks by limiting its counterparties to major financial institutions. In addition, the potential risk of loss with any one counterparty resulting from this type of credit risk is monitored. Management does not expect material losses as a result of defaults by counterparties.
Foreign Currency Derivatives
The Company’s foreign exchange forward and option contracts are summarized as follows (in millions):

 	  	January 27, 2007	 	 	July 29, 2006	 	
   	  	Notional
Amount	  	Fair
Value	 	 	Notional
Amount	  	Fair
Value	 	
Forward contracts:	  			  				 			  				
Purchased	  	$	    1,363	  	$	1	 	 	$	    1,376	  	$	(2	)	
Sold	  	$	534	  	$	(7	)	 	$	554	  	$	(3	)	
Option contracts:	  			  				 			  				
Purchased	  	$	390	  	$	18	 	 	$	591	  	$	    20	 	
Sold	  	$	362	  	$	(1	)	 	$	573	  	$	(2	)	
The Company conducts business globally in numerous currencies. As such, it is exposed to adverse movements in foreign currency exchange rates. To limit the exposure related to foreign currency changes, the Company enters into foreign currency contracts. The Company does not enter into foreign exchange forward and options contracts for trading purposes.
The Company enters into foreign exchange forward contracts to reduce the short-term effects of foreign currency fluctuations on foreign currency receivables, investments, and payables. The gains and losses on the foreign exchange forward contracts offset the transaction gains and losses on foreign currency receivables, investments, and payables recognized in earnings. Gains and losses on the contracts are included in other income, net, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and offset foreign exchange gains and losses from the revaluation of intercompany balances or other current assets, investments, or liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the reporting entity. The Company’s foreign exchange forward contracts related to current assets and liabilities generally range from one to three months in original maturity. Additionally, the Company has entered into foreign exchange forward contracts with maturities of up to two years related to long-term customer financings. The foreign exchange forward contracts related to investments generally have maturities of less than one year.
The Company periodically hedges certain foreign currency forecasted transactions related to certain operating expenses with currency options and forward contracts. These transactions are designated as cash flow hedges. The effective portion of the derivative’s gain or loss is initially reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into earnings when the hedged exposure affects earnings. The ineffective portion, if any, of the gain or loss is reported in earnings immediately. These currency option contracts and forward contracts generally have maturities of less than 18 months.
 
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CISCO SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
 
Interest Rate Derivatives
The Company’s interest rate derivatives are summarized as follows (in millions):

 	  	January 27, 2007	 	 	July 29, 2006	 	
   	  	Notional
Amount	  	Fair
Value	 	 	Notional
Amount	  	Fair
Value	 	
Interest rate derivatives:	  			  				 			  				
Interest rate swaps—investments	  	$	    1,000	  	$	    35	 	 	$	    1,000	  	$	    45	 	
Interest rate swaps—long-term debt	  	$	6,000	  	$	(72	)	 	$	6,000	  	$	(155	)	
The Company’s primary objective for holding fixed income securities is to achieve an appropriate investment return consistent with preserving principal and managing risk. To realize these objectives, the Company may utilize interest rate swaps or other derivatives designated as fair value or cash flow hedges. The Company has entered into $1.0 billion of interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges of its investment portfolio. Under these interest rate swap contracts, the Company makes fixed-rate interest payments and receives interest payments based on LIBOR. The effect of these swaps is to convert fixed-rate returns to floating-rate returns based on LIBOR for a portion of the Company’s fixed income portfolio. The gains and losses related to changes in the value of the interest rate swaps are included in other income, net, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and offset the changes in fair value of the underlying hedged investment. The fair values of the interest rate swaps designated as hedges of the Company’s investments were reflected in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
In conjunction with its issuance of fixed-rate senior notes in February 2006, the Company entered into $6.0 billion of interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges of the fixed-rate debt. Under these interest rate swap contracts, the Company receives fixed-rate interest payments and makes interest payments based on LIBOR. The effect of these swaps is to convert fixed-rate interest expense to floating-rate interest expense based on LIBOR. The gains and losses related to changes in the value of the interest rate swaps are included in other income, net, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and offset the changes in fair value of the underlying debt. The fair values of the interest rate swaps designated as hedges of the Company’s debt were reflected in other long-term  liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Equity Derivatives
The Company’s equity derivatives are summarized as follows (in millions):

 	  	January 27, 2007	  	July 29, 2006	
   	  	Notional
Amount	  	Fair
Value	  	Notional
Amount	  	Fair
Value	
Equity derivatives:	  			  			  			  			
Forward sale and option agreements	  	$	    244	  	$	    39	  	$	    164	  	$	    93	
The Company maintains a portfolio of publicly traded equity securities which are subject to price risk. The Company may hold equity securities for strategic purposes or to diversify the Company’s overall investment portfolio. To manage its exposure to changes in the fair value of certain equity securities, the Company may, from time to time, enter into equity derivative contracts. As of January 27, 2007, the Company had entered into forward sale and option agreements on certain publicly traded equity securities designated as fair value hedges. The gains and losses due to changes in the value of the hedging instruments are included in other income, net, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and offset the change in the fair value of the underlying hedged investment. The fair values of the equity derivatives were reflected in prepaid expenses and other current assets and other accrued liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Legal Proceedings
Beginning on April 20, 2001, a number of purported shareholder class action lawsuits were filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California against the Company and certain of its officers and directors. The lawsuits were consolidated, and the consolidated action was purportedly brought on behalf of those who purchased the Company’s publicly traded securities during an alleged class period of November 10, 1999 through February 6, 2001. On August 18, 2006, the Company
 
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CISCO SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
 
announced an agreement to resolve the litigation. Pursuant to that agreement, liability insurers paid $91.75 million to the plaintiffs in resolution of all claims against the Company and its officers and directors. The settlement was approved by the Court on December 5, 2006. Plaintiffs had alleged that defendants made false and misleading statements, purported to assert claims for violations of the federal securities laws, and sought unspecified compensatory damages and other relief. The Company and the individual defendants continue to deny all allegations in the lawsuit.
On February 16, 2005, a purported shareholder derivative lawsuit was filed in the Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara, against various of the Company’s officers and directors and naming the Company as a nominal defendant. In July 2006, the Superior Court dismissed all claims and gave plaintiff until October 2006 in which to file an amended complaint, if plaintiff chose to do so. Pursuant to agreement between the parties, plaintiff has elected not to amend its complaint or file an appeal challenging the Superior Court’s order. The lawsuit had included derivative and class claims for breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, constructive trust and violations of the California Corporations Code, was based upon allegations of wrongdoing in connection with option grants and compensation to officers and directors, the timing of option grants, and the Company’s share repurchase plan, and sought unspecified compensation and other damages, rescission of options and other relief.
The Company and other defendants are subject to patent claims asserted by QPSX Developments 5 Pty Ltd (“QPSX” now known as Ipernica Ltd) against the Company and such other defendants on June 21, 2005 in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. QPSX alleges that various Cisco switches and routers infringe United States Patent No. 5,689,499 and seeks damages and injunctive relief. Trial is scheduled to begin in April 2007. The Company believes that it has strong arguments at trial with respect to both non-infringement and invalidity, and believes that damages are not likely to be material. However, due to the uncertainty surrounding the litigation process, the Company is unable to reasonably estimate the ultimate outcome of this litigation at this time.
The Company and other defendants are also subject to patent claims asserted by Telcordia Technologies Inc. (“Telcordia”) against the Company and such other defendants on July 16, 2004 in the Federal District Court for the District of Delaware. Telcordia alleges that various Cisco routers, switches and optical products infringe United States Patent Nos. 4,893,306, 4,835,763 and Re 36,633, and seeks damages and injunctive relief. Based on the Court’s claim construction order, Telcordia has agreed that the Company does not infringe Patent No. 4,893,306 but has reserved its right to appeal the Court’s decision. Trial on the remaining claims is scheduled to begin in April 2007. The Company believes that it has strong arguments at trial with respect to both non-infringement and invalidity, and believes that damages are not likely to be material. However, due to the uncertainty surrounding the litigation process, the Company is unable to reasonably estimate the ultimate outcome of this litigation at this time.
In September 2005, Scientific-Atlanta, Inc. (which subsequently was acquired by the Company) and another plaintiff filed a declaratory judgment action against Forgent Networks (“Forgent”) in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas after Forgent sued various Scientific-Atlanta customers. In the action, Scientific-Atlanta asserted that its products did not infringe Forgent’s United States Patent No. 6,285,746 and that the patent was invalid. On October 20, 2005, Forgent responded to the complaint by alleging that various Scientific-Atlanta digital video recorders infringe the patent and by seeking damages and injunctive relief. Subsequent to that, another declaratory judgment plaintiff moved to intervene and the cases have been combined. Trial is scheduled to begin in May 2007. The Company believes that it has strong arguments at trial with respect to both non-infringement and invalidity, and believes that damages are not likely to be material. However, due to the uncertainty surrounding the litigation process, the Company is unable to reasonably estimate the ultimate outcome of this litigation at this time.
In addition, the Company is subject to legal proceedings, claims, and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business, including intellectual property litigation. While the outcome of these matters is currently not determinable, the Company does not expect that the ultimate costs to resolve these matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
 
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CISCO SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
 
9. Shareholders’ Equity
Stock Repurchase Program
In September 2001, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program. As of January 27, 2007, the Company’s Board of Directors had authorized an aggregate repurchase of up to $47 billion of common stock under this program. The stock repurchase activity under the stock repurchase program during the first six months of fiscal 2007 is summarized as follows (in millions, except per-share amounts):

  	  	Shares
Repurchased	  	Price per
Share	  	Remaining
Amount
Authorized	 	
Balance at July 29, 2006	  	1,931	  	$	    18.36	  	$	4,552	 	
Additional authorization on November 15, 2006	  	—  	  	 	—  	  	 	7,000	 	
Repurchase of common stock	  	187	  	 	25.55	  	 	(4,781	)	
	  	 	  			  	 	 	 	
Balance at January 27, 2007	  	2,118	  	$	19.00	  	$	6,771	 	
	  	 	  			  	 	 	 	
The purchase price for the shares of the Company’s stock repurchased was reflected as a reduction to shareholders’ equity. In accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 6, “Status of Accounting Research Bulletins,” the Company is required to allocate the purchase price of the repurchased shares as (i) a reduction to retained earnings until retained earnings are zero and then as an increase to accumulated deficit and (ii) a reduction of common stock and additional paid-in capital. Issuance of common stock and the tax benefit related  to employee stock incentive plans are recorded as an increase to common stock and additional paid-in capital.
Comprehensive Income
The components of comprehensive income are as follows (in millions):

 	  	Three Months Ended	  	Six Months Ended	
 	  	January 27,
2007	  	January 28,
2006	  	January 27,
2007	 	 	January 28,
2006	
Net income	  	$	    1,921	  	$	    1,375	  	$	    3,529	 	 	$	    2,636	
Other comprehensive income:	  			  			  				 			
Change in unrealized gains and losses on investments, net of tax	  	 	30	  	 	78	  	 	109	 	 	 	8	
Other (1)	  	 	41	  	 	25	  	 	41	 	 	 	40	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Comprehensive income before minority interest	  	 	1,992	  	 	1,478	  	 	3,679	 	 	 	2,684	
Change in minority interest (2)	  	 	6	  	 	—  	  	 	(2	)	 	 	3	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	1,998	  	$	1,478	  	$	3,677	 	 	$	2,687	

(1)	Includes changes in currency translation	
(2)	The Company consolidates its investment in a venture fund managed by SOFTBANK as it is the primary beneficiary as defined under FIN 46(R). As a result, SOFTBANK’s interest in the change in the unrealized gains and losses on the investments in the venture fund is recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income, and is reflected as a change in minority interest.	
10. Employee Benefit Plans
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
The Company has an Employee Stock Purchase Plan, which includes its sub-plan, the International Employee Stock Purchase Plan (together, the “Purchase Plan”), under which 321.4 million shares of the Company’s stock have been reserved for issuance. Eligible employees may purchase a limited number of shares of the Company’s stock at a discount of up to 15% of the lesser of the market value on the subscription date or the purchase date, which is approximately six months after the subscription date. The Purchase Plan terminates on January 3, 2010. The Company issued 10 million shares under the Purchase Plan during the three and six months ended January 27, 2007, and 11 million shares under the Purchase Plan during the three and six months ended January 28, 2006. As of January 27, 2007, 89 million shares were available for issuance under the Purchase Plan.
 
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CISCO SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
 
Employee Stock Incentive Plans
Stock Incentive Plan Program Description
As of January 27, 2007, the Company had four stock incentive plans: the 2005 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2005 Plan”), the 1996 Stock Incentive Plan (the “1996 Plan”), the 1997 Supplemental Stock Incentive Plan (the “Supplemental Plan”), and the Cisco Systems, Inc. SA Acquisition Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “Acquisition Plan”). In addition, the Company has, in connection with the acquisitions of various companies, assumed the stock incentive plans of the acquired companies or issued replacement share-based awards. Share-based awards are designed to reward employees for their long-term contributions to the Company and provide incentives for them to remain with the Company. The number and frequency of share-based awards are based on competitive practices, operating results of the Company, and government regulations. Since the inception of the stock incentive plans, the Company has granted stock options to virtually all employees, and the majority has been granted to employees below the vice president level. The Company’s stock incentive plans are summarized as follows:
2005 Plan
 
 	•	 	The maximum number of shares issuable over the term of the 2005 Plan is limited to 350 million shares. The 2005 Plan permits the granting of stock options, stock grants, stock units, and stock appreciation rights to employees (including employee directors and officers) and consultants of the Company and its subsidiaries and affiliates, and nonemployee directors of the Company. Stock options granted under the 2005 Plan have an exercise price of at least 100% of the fair market value of the underlying stock on the grant date and expire no later than nine years from the grant date. The stock options will generally become exercisable for 20% of the option shares one year from the date of grant and then ratably over the following 48 months. Stock grants and stock units will generally vest with respect to 20% of the shares covered by the grant on each of the first through fifth anniversaries of the date of the grant. The Compensation and Management Development Committee of the Board of Directors has the discretion to use a different vesting schedule. Stock appreciation rights may be awarded in combination with stock options or stock grants and such awards shall provide that the stock appreciation rights will not be exercisable unless the related stock options or stock grants are forfeited. Stock grants may be awarded in combination with nonstatutory stock options, and such awards may provide that the stock grants will be forfeited in the event that the related nonstatutory stock options are exercised.	
1996 Plan
 
 	•	 	The 1996 Plan expired on December 31, 2006 and the Company may no longer make equity awards under the 1996 Plan. The maximum number of shares issuable over the term of the 1996 Plan was 2.5 billion shares. Stock options granted under the 1996 Plan have an exercise price of at least 100% of the fair market value of the underlying stock on the grant date and expire no later than nine years from the grant date. The stock options will generally become exercisable for 20% or 25% of the option shares one year from the date of grant and then ratably over the following 48 or 36 months, respectively. Certain other grants have utilized a 60-month ratable vesting schedule. In addition, the Board of Directors, or other committees administering the plan, have the discretion to use a different vesting schedule and have done so from time to time.	
Supplemental Plan
 
 	•	 	In 1997, the Company adopted the Supplemental Plan, under which stock options can be granted or shares can be directly issued to eligible employees. Officers and members of the Company’s Board of Directors are not eligible to participate in the Supplemental Plan. Nine million shares have been reserved for issuance under the Supplemental Plan. All stock option grants have an exercise price equal to the fair market value of the underlying stock on the grant date. The Company no longer makes stock option grants or direct share issuances under the Supplemental Plan.	
Acquisition Plan
 
 	•	 	Effective upon completion of the Company’s acquisition of Scientific-Atlanta, the Company adopted the Acquisition Plan. The Acquisition Plan constitutes an assumption, amendment, restatement and renaming of the 2003 Long-Term Incentive Plan of Scientific-Atlanta. The Acquisition Plan permits the grant of stock options, stock grants, stock units, and stock appreciation rights to certain employees of the Company and its subsidiaries and affiliates who had been employed by Scientific-Atlanta or its subsidiaries. An aggregate of 14.8 million shares of the Company’s common stock has been reserved for issuance under the Acquisition Plan on a discretionary basis, subject to limitations set forth in the Acquisition Plan.	
 
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CISCO SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
 
Distribution and Dilutive Effect of Stock Options
The following table illustrates grant dilution based on net options granted as a percentage of shares of common stock outstanding at period end (in millions, except percentages):

 	  	Six Months Ended	 	
 	  	January 27,
2007	 	 	January 28,
2006	 	
Shares of common stock outstanding	  	6,048	 	 	6,152	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	
Granted and assumed	  	164	 	 	167	 	
Canceled/forfeited/expired	  	(28	)	 	(44	)	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	
Net stock options granted	  	136	 	 	123	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	
Grant dilution	  	2.2	%	 	2.0	%	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	
Weighted-average basic and diluted shares outstanding for the six months ended January 27, 2007 were 6.1 billion shares and 6.3 billion shares, respectively. For the six months ended January 27, 2007, the dilutive effect of in-the-money employee stock options was approximately 194 million shares or 3.2% of the basic shares outstanding based on the Company’s average share price of $24.24.
The Named Executive Officers represent the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and the four other most highly paid executive officers whose salary and bonus for the years ended July 29, 2006 and July 30, 2005 were in excess of $100,000. The following table summarizes the options granted to the Named Executive Officers during the periods indicated (in millions, except percentages):

  	  	Six Months Ended	 	
 	  	January 27,
2007	 	 	January 28,
2006	 	
Stock options granted to the Named Executive Officers	  	2.9	 	 	2.9	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	
Stock options granted to the Named Executive Officers as a percentage of net stock options granted	  	2.1	%	 	2.4	%	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	
Stock options granted to the Named Executive Officers as a percentage of outstanding shares	  	0.05	%	 	0.05	%	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	
Cumulative stock options held by Named Executive Officers as a percentage of total stock options outstanding	  	3.2	%	 	3.5	%	

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CISCO SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
 
General Share-Based Award Information
A summary of share-based award activity is as follows (in millions, except per-share amounts):

 	  	 	 	 	Stock Options Outstanding	
 	  	Share-
Based
Awards
Available
for Grant	 	 	Number
Outstanding	 	 	Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price
per Share	
Balance at July 30, 2005	  	223	 	 	1,436	 	 	$	25.02	
Granted and assumed	  	(230	)	 	230	 	 	 	18.21	
Exercised	  	—  	 	 	(136	)	 	 	10.08	
Canceled/forfeited/expired	  	79	 	 	(84	)	 	 	29.53	
Restricted stock and restricted stock units granted	  	(6	)	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	
Additional shares reserved	  	398	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 			
Balance at July 29, 2006	  	464	 	 	1,446	 	 	 	25.08	
Granted and assumed	  	(164	)	 	164	 	 	 	23.20	
Exercised (1)	  	—  	 	 	(167	)	 	 	15.64	
Canceled/forfeited/expired	  	16	 	 	(28	)	 	 	31.21	
Restricted stock and restricted stock units granted	  	(5	)	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 			
Balance at January 27, 2007	  	311	 	 	1,415	 	 	$	25.85	

(1)	The total pretax intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the six months ended January 27, 2007 was $1.5 billion.	
The following table summarizes significant ranges of outstanding and exercisable options as of January 27, 2007 (in millions, except years and per-share amounts):

  	  	Stock Options Outstanding	  	Stock Options Exercisable	
Range of Exercise Prices	  	Number
Outstanding	  	Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (in Years)	  	Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price per
Share	  	Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value	  	Number
Exercisable	  	Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price per
Share	  	Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value	
$0.01 –15.00	  	159	  	4.08	  	$	11.32	  	$	2,382	  	124	  	$	11.34	  	$	1,855	
15.01 –18.00	  	268	  	6.07	  	 	17.15	  	 	2,464	  	137	  	 	16.59	  	 	1,341	
18.01 –20.00	  	340	  	5.94	  	 	19.21	  	 	2,427	  	182	  	 	19.16	  	 	1,303	
20.01 –22.50	  	90	  	5.27	  	 	20.84	  	 	495	  	61	  	 	20.71	  	 	346	
22.51 –25.00	  	174	  	8.15	  	 	23.10	  	 	567	  	17	  	 	23.73	  	 	44	
25.01 –35.00	  	107	  	2.13	  	 	27.30	  	 	7	  	97	  	 	27.33	  	 	7	
35.01 – 72.56	  	277	  	2.35	  	 	53.55	  	 	—  	  	277	  	 	53.48	  	 	—  	
	  	 	  		  			  	 	 	  	 	  			  	 	 	
Total	  	1,415	  	4.99	  	$	25.85	  	$	8,342	  	895	  	$	29.38	  	$	4,896	
	  	 	  		  			  	 	 	  	 	  			  	 	 	
The aggregate intrinsic value in the preceding table represents the total pretax intrinsic value based on the Company’s closing stock price of $26.35 as of January 26, 2007, which would have been received by the option holders had those option holders exercised their options as of that date. The total number of in-the-money stock options exercisable as of January 27, 2007 was 528 million. As of July 29, 2006, 969 million outstanding stock options were exercisable and the weighted-average exercise price was $28.53.
 
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CISCO SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
 
The following table presents the option exercises for the six months ended January 27, 2007, and option values as of that date for the Named Executive Officers (in millions):

 	  	Number of
Shares
Acquired on
Exercise	  	Value
Realized	  	Number of Securities
Underlying Unexercised
Options at January 27, 2007	  	Intrinsic Value of
Unexercised in-the-Money
Options at January 27, 2007	
 	  		  		  	Exercisable	  	Unexercisable	  	Exercisable	  	Unexercisable	
Named Executive Officers	  	6	  	$	68	  	36	  	10	  	$	 154	  	$	72	
Valuation and Expense Information Under SFAS 123(R)
On July 31, 2005, the Company adopted SFAS 123(R), which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to the Company’s employees and directors including employee stock options, employee stock purchases related to the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“employee stock purchases”), employee restricted stock and restricted stock units, based on estimated fair values. Employee share-based compensation expense under SFAS 123(R) was as follows (in millions):

    	  	Three Months Ended	  	Six Months Ended	
 	  	January 27,
2007	  	January 28,
2006	  	January 27,
2007	  	January 28,
2006	
Cost of sales—product	  	$	12	  	$	11	  	$	23	  	$	30	
Cost of sales—service	  	 	30	  	 	28	  	 	54	  	 	62	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Employee share-based compensation expense in cost of sales	  	 	42	  	 	39	  	 	77	  	 	92	

Research and development	  	 	74	  	 	90	  	 	148	  	 	193	
Sales and marketing	  	 	99	  	 	106	  	 	193	  	 	233	
General and administrative	  	 	32	  	 	26	  	 	54	  	 	60	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Employee share-based compensation expense in operating expenses	  	 	205	  	 	222	  	 	395	  	 	486	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Total employee share-based compensation expense (1)	  	$	247	  	$	261	  	$	472	  	$	578	

(1)	Share-based compensation expense related to acquisitions and investments is disclosed in Note 3 and is not included in the table. As of January 27, 2007, total compensation cost related to nonvested share-based awards not yet recognized was $2.8 billion, including share-based compensation relating to acquisition and investments, which is expected to be recognized over the next 45 months on a weighted-average basis.	
The income tax benefit for employee share-based compensation expense was $105 million and $163 million for the three and six months ended January 27, 2007, respectively, and $73 million and $162 million for the three and six months ended January 28, 2006, respectively. The income tax benefit has been determined using the applicable tax rates in jurisdictions to which this expense relates and for fiscal 2007 includes the tax effects resulting from the reinstatement of the U.S. federal research and development (R&D) tax credit during the three months ended January 27, 2007 (see Note 11). The tax benefit for fiscal 2006 includes the effect of U.S. tax regulations that require intercompany reimbursement of certain share-based compensation expenses.
Lattice-Binomial Model
Upon adoption of SFAS 123(R), the Company began estimating the value of employee stock options and employee stock purchases on the date of grant using a lattice-binomial model. Prior to the adoption of SFAS 123(R), the value of each employee stock option and employee stock purchase was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes model.
 
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CISCO SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
 
The Company’s employee stock options have various restrictions including vesting provisions and restrictions on transfer and hedging, among others, and are often exercised prior to their contractual maturity. Lattice-binomial models are more capable of incorporating the features of the Company’s employee stock options than closed-form models such as the Black-Scholes model. The use of a lattice-binomial model requires extensive actual employee exercise behavior data and a number of complex assumptions including expected volatility, risk-free interest rate, expected dividends, kurtosis, and skewness. The weighted-average assumptions, using the lattice-binomial model, the weighted-average expected life and estimated value of employee stock options are summarized as follows:

   	  	Three Months Ended	 	 	Six Months Ended	 	
 	  	January 27,
2007	 	 	January 28,
2006	 	 	January 27,
2007	 	 	January 28,
2006	 	
Weighted-average assumptions:	  				 				 				 				
Expected volatility	  	 	24.5	%	 	 	23.7	%	 	 	25.8	%	 	 	23.7	%	
Risk-free interest rate	  	 	4.6	%	 	 	4.5	%	 	 	4.6	%	 	 	4.2	%	
Expected dividend	  	 	0.0	%	 	 	0.0	%	 	 	0.0	%	 	 	0.0	%	
Kurtosis	  	 	4.6	 	 	 	4.2	 	 	 	4.5	 	 	 	4.3	 	
Skewness	  	 	(0.80	)	 	 	(0.60	)	 	 	(0.80	)	 	 	(0.60	)	
					
Weighted-average expected life in years	  	 	6.7	 	 	 	6.6	 	 	 	6.7	 	 	 	6.6	 	
Weighted-average estimated value	  	$	7.93	 	 	$	5.05	 	 	$	6.94	 	 	$	5.01	 	
The determination of the fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model is affected by the Company’s stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. The weighted-average assumptions were determined as follows:
 
 	•	 	The Company used the implied volatility for two-year traded options on the Company’s stock as the expected volatility assumption required in the lattice-binomial model, consistent with SFAS 123(R) and Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107 (“SAB 107”). The selection of the implied volatility approach was based upon the availability of actively traded options on the Company’s stock and the Company’s assessment that implied volatility is more representative of future stock price trends than historical volatility.	
 
 	•	 	The risk-free interest rate assumption is based upon observed interest rates appropriate for the term of the Company’s employee stock options.	
 
 	•	 	The dividend yield assumption is based on the history and expectation of dividend payouts.	
 
 	•	 	The estimated kurtosis and skewness are technical measures of the distribution of stock price returns, which affect expected employee exercise behaviors that are based on the Company’s stock price return history as well as consideration of various academic analyses.	
The expected life of employee stock options represents the weighted-average period the stock options are expected to remain outstanding and is a derived output of the lattice-binomial model. The expected life of employee stock options is impacted by all of the underlying assumptions and calibration of the Company’s model. The lattice-binomial model assumes that employees’ exercise behavior is a function of the option’s remaining vested life and the extent to which the option is in-the-money. The lattice-binomial model estimates the probability of exercise as a function of these two variables based on the entire history of exercises and cancellations on all past option grants made by the Company.
Because share-based compensation expense recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, it has been reduced for estimated forfeitures. SFAS 123(R) requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Forfeitures were estimated based on historical experience and the Company estimated forfeitures to be 3% annually for the three and six months ended January 27, 2007 and January 28, 2006.
 
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CISCO SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
 
Accuracy of Fair Value Estimates
The Company uses third-party analyses to assist in developing the assumptions used in, as well as calibrating, its lattice-binomial model. The Company is responsible for determining the assumptions used in estimating the fair value of its share-based payment awards.
 
The Company’s determination of fair value of share-based payment awards is affected by the assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. These variables include, but are not limited to, the Company’s expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards, and actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors. Option-pricing models were developed for use in estimating the value of traded options that have no vesting or hedging restrictions and are fully transferable. Because the Company’s employee stock options have certain characteristics that are significantly different from traded options, and because changes in the subjective assumptions can materially affect the estimated value, in management’s opinion, the existing valuation models may not provide an accurate measure of the fair value of the Company’s employee stock options. Although the fair value of employee stock options is determined in accordance with SFAS 123(R) and SAB 107 using an option-pricing model, that value may not be indicative of the fair value observed in a willing buyer/willing seller market transaction.
11. Income Taxes
The following table provides details of income taxes (in millions, except percentages):

 	  	Three Months Ended	 	 	Six Months Ended	 	
 	  	January 27,
2007	 	 	January 28,
2006	 	 	January 27,
2007	 	 	January 28,
2006	 	
Effective tax rate	  	 	17.7	%	 	 	28.2	%	 	 	21.8	%	 	 	28.3	%	
Cash paid for income taxes	  	$	487	 	 	$	605	 	 	$	959	 	 	$	974	 	
During the three months ended January 27, 2007, the Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006 reinstated the U.S. federal R&D tax credit, retroactive to January 1, 2006. As a result, the tax provision rate for the three and six months ended January 27, 2007 included a $120 million tax benefit from the U.S. R&D tax credit, including $60 million related to fiscal 2006 R&D expenses and $30 million related to the first quarter of fiscal 2007 R&D expenses. The effective tax rate for the three and six months ended January 27, 2007 also reflects a benefit from an increase in foreign income taxed at other than U.S. rates.
The Company’s income taxes currently payable have been reduced by the tax benefits from employee stock incentive plans. These benefits totaled $503 million and $140 million for the six months ended January 27, 2007 and January 28, 2006, respectively, and were reflected as an increase to additional paid-in capital in the Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity. The Company includes only the direct tax effects of employee stock incentive plans in calculating this increase to additional paid-in capital.
The Company’s federal income tax returns for fiscal years ended July 27, 2002 through July 31, 2004 are under examination and the Internal Revenue Service has proposed certain adjustments. The Company believes that adequate amounts have been reserved for any adjustments that may ultimately result from these examinations.
On October 22, 2004, the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 (the “Jobs Creation Act”) was signed into law. The Jobs Creation Act created a temporary incentive for U.S. corporations to repatriate accumulated income earned abroad by providing an 85 percent dividends received deduction for certain dividends from controlled foreign corporations. In the first quarter of fiscal 2006, the Company distributed cash from its foreign subsidiaries and will report an extraordinary dividend (as defined in the Jobs Creation Act) of $1.2 billion and a related tax liability of approximately $63 million in its fiscal 2006 federal income tax return. This amount was previously provided for in the provision for income taxes and is included in income taxes payable. This distribution does not change the Company’s intention to indefinitely reinvest undistributed earnings of certain of its foreign subsidiaries in operations outside the United States.
 
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CISCO SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
 
12. Segment Information and Major Customers
The Company’s operations involve the design, development, manufacturing, marketing, and technical support of networking and other products and services related to the communications and information technology industry. Cisco products include routers, switches, advanced technologies, and other products. These products, primarily integrated by Cisco IOS Software, link geographically dispersed local-area networks (LANs) and wide-area networks (WANs).
The Company conducts business globally and is primarily managed on a geographic basis. The Company’s management makes financial decisions and allocates resources based on the information it receives from its internal management system. Sales are attributed to a geographic theater based on the ordering location of the customer. Gross margin for each theater includes the amortization of purchased intangible assets and the employee share-based compensation expense related to that theater. The Company does not allocate research and development, sales and marketing, or general and administrative expenses to its geographic theaters in this internal management system because management does not use the information to measure the performance of the operating segments.
Summarized financial information by theater based on the Company’s internal management system, is as follows (in millions):

  	  	Three Months Ended	  	Six Months Ended	
 	  	January 27,
2007	  	January 28,
2006	  	January 27,
2007	  	January 28,
2006	
Net sales:	  			  			  			  			
United States and Canada (1)	  	$	4,556	  	$	3,468	  	$	9,283	  	$	7,120	
European Markets	  	 	1,841	  	 	1,533	  	 	3,444	  	 	2,901	
Emerging Markets	  	 	890	  	 	620	  	 	1,642	  	 	1,156	
Asia Pacific	  	 	847	  	 	720	  	 	1,602	  	 	1,355	
Japan	  	 	305	  	 	287	  	 	652	  	 	646	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Total	  	$	8,439	  	$	6,628	  	$	16,623	  	$	13,178	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Gross margin:	  			  			  			  			
United States and Canada	  	$	2,857	  	$	2,294	  	$	5,823	  	$	4,719	
European Markets	  	 	1,196	  	 	1,051	  	 	2,261	  	 	1,991	
Emerging Markets	  	 	582	  	 	437	  	 	1,080	  	 	814	
Asia Pacific	  	 	543	  	 	482	  	 	1,007	  	 	895	
Japan	  	 	210	  	 	202	  	 	450	  	 	457	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Total	  	$	5,388	  	$	4,466	  	$	10,621	  	$	8,876	

(1)	Net sales in the United States were $4.3 billion and $3.3 billion for the three months ended January 27, 2007 and January 28, 2006, respectively. Net sales in the United States were $8.8 billion and $6.7 billion for the six months ended January 27, 2007 and January 28, 2006, respectively.	
The following table presents net sales for groups of similar products and services (in millions):

  	  	Three Months Ended	  	Six Months Ended	
 	  	January 27,
2007	  	January 28,
2006	  	January 27,
2007	  	January 28,
2006	
Net sales:	  			  			  			  			
Routers	  	$	1,674	  	$	1,420	  	$	3,269	  	$	2,837	
Switches	  	 	3,013	  	 	2,665	  	 	6,043	  	 	5,308	
Advanced technologies	  	 	1,930	  	 	1,163	  	 	3,790	  	 	2,296	
Other	  	 	482	  	 	289	  	 	937	  	 	587	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Product	  	 	7,099	  	 	5,537	  	 	14,039	  	 	11,028	
Service	  	 	1,340	  	 	1,091	  	 	2,584	  	 	2,150	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Total	  	$	8,439	  	$	6,628	  	$	16,623	  	$	13,178	

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CISCO SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
 
The Company refers to some of its products and technologies as advanced technologies. As of January 27, 2007, the Company had identified the following advanced technologies for particular focus: application networking services, home networking, hosted small-business systems, security, storage area networking, unified communications, video systems, and wireless technology. The Company continues to identify additional advanced technologies for focus and investment in the future, and the Company’s investments in some previously identified advanced technologies may be curtailed or eliminated depending on market developments. Beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2007, sales of optical networking products, which were previously included in the advanced technologies product category, are included in the other product category, and prior period amounts have been reclassified in order to conform to the current period’s presentation.
The majority of the Company’s assets as of January 27, 2007 and July 29, 2006 were attributable to its U.S. operations. For the three and six months ended January 27, 2007 and January 28, 2006, no single customer accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s net sales.
Property and equipment information is based on the physical location of the assets. The following table presents property and equipment information for geographic areas (in millions):
							
  	  	January 27,
2007	  	July 29,
2006	
Property and equipment, net:	  			  			
United States	  	$	3,189	  	$	3,082	
International	  	 	350	  	 	358	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Total	  	$	3,539	  	$	3,440	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	
13. Net Income per Share
The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net income per share (in millions, except per-share amounts):

 	  	Three Months Ended	  	Six Months Ended	
 	  	January 27,
2007	  	January 28,
2006	  	January 27,
2007	  	January 28,
2006	
Net income	  	$	1,921	  	$	1,375	  	$	3,529	  	$	2,636	

Weighted-average shares—basic	  	 	6,057	  	 	6,146	  	 	6,060	  	 	6,195	
Effect of dilutive potential common shares	  	 	234	  	 	102	  	 	195	  	 	106	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Weighted-average shares—diluted	  	 	6,291	  	 	6,248	  	 	6,255	  	 	6,301	

Net income per share—basic	  	$	0.32	  	$	0.22	  	$	0.58	  	$	0.43	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Net income per share—diluted	  	$	0.31	  	$	0.22	  	$	0.56	  	$	0.42	

Antidilutive employee stock options	  	 	475	  	 	1,099	  	 	537	  	 	1,055	
14. Pending Business Combinations
As of January 27, 2007, the Company announced a definitive agreement to acquire privately held IronPort Systems, Inc., a leading provider of messaging security appliances, focusing on enterprise spam and spyware protection. The aggregate announced purchase price for this acquisition is approximately $830 million in cash, stock, and stock options assumed. The acquisition is expected to close in the third quarter of fiscal 2007 and will be accounted for under the purchase method of accounting.
 
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 Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, contains forward-looking statements regarding future events and our future results that are subject to the safe harbors created under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”) and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). All statements other than statements of historical facts are statements that could be deemed forward-looking statements. These statements are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts, and projections about the industries in which we operate and the beliefs and assumptions of our management. Words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “targets,” “goals,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “continues,” “may,” variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. In addition, any statements that refer to projections of our future financial performance, our anticipated growth and trends in our businesses, and other characterizations of future events or circumstances are forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned that these forward-looking statements are only predictions and are subject to risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that are difficult to predict, including those identified below, under “Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors” and elsewhere herein. Therefore, actual results may differ materially and adversely from those expressed in any forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements for any reason.
Overview
Our results for the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2007 reflected increases in net sales, net income, and net income per share from the corresponding periods of fiscal 2006. In February 2006, we completed the acquisition of Scientific-Atlanta, a provider of set-top boxes, end-to-end video distribution networks, and video integration systems. With this acquisition, we have enhanced our video capabilities and this enables the convergence of data, voice and video technologies. We believe that video applications have the potential to provide accelerating momentum resulting in growth of both bandwidth and set-top boxes, and we believe Scientific-Atlanta may enable us to have further strategic business relationships with key service provider customers and to reach a broad range of consumers with our enhanced product line. The results for the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2007 include Scientific-Atlanta’s contribution of $639 million and $1.2 billion in net sales, respectively. The results for the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2006 do not include Scientific-Atlanta.
Revenue
During the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2007, we continued to achieve a good balance in year-over-year revenue growth from our four largest geographic segments, our customer markets, and our product families. Revenue increased in all of our geographic theaters in the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2007 compared to the corresponding periods of fiscal 2006. Sales of our advanced technologies, which comprise a larger percentage of our net product sales than routing, increased by approximately 66% and 65% during the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2007, respectively, over the corresponding periods of fiscal 2006. The increase in sales of advanced technologies during the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2007 was due in part to the acquisition of Scientific-Atlanta, which increased sales of advanced technologies by 43% and 42% during the respective periods, and also due to strength in sales of our unified communications, security, wireless, and storage products. In the second quarter of fiscal 2007, our routing and switching revenue increased by approximately 18% and 13%, respectively, over the second quarter of fiscal 2006, and by approximately 15% and 14%, respectively, in the first six months of fiscal 2007 compared to the first six months of fiscal 2006.
Operating Margin
For the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2007, our gross margin percentage decreased compared to the corresponding periods of fiscal 2006. The decrease in gross margin percentage from the corresponding periods of fiscal 2006 was primarily related to the acquisition of Scientific-Atlanta, whose business model has a lower gross margin percentage than the Cisco model. Other factors contributing to the decrease in the gross margin percentage were sales discounts, rebates, product pricing, and sales mix. These factors were partially offset by lower manufacturing costs related to lower component costs and higher shipment volume. Operating expenses increased during the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2007 compared to the corresponding periods of fiscal 2006 primarily due to expenses related to increased investments in sales and engineering headcount, but decreased as a percentage of revenue for both periods.
 
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Other Financial Highlights
During the first six months of fiscal 2007, we generated cash flows from operations of $4.9 billion. Our cash and cash equivalents and investments were $20.7 billion at the end of the second quarter of fiscal 2007, compared with $17.8 billion at the end of fiscal 2006. We used $4.8 billion of cash to repurchase 187 million shares of our common stock during the first six months of fiscal 2007. Days sales outstanding in accounts receivable (DSO) at the end of the second quarter of fiscal 2007 improved to 31 days, compared to 38 days at the end of fiscal 2006. Our inventory balance was $1.6 billion at the end of the second quarter of fiscal 2007, compared to $1.4 billion at the end of fiscal 2006. Annualized inventory turns were 7.8 in the second quarter of fiscal 2007 as compared to 8.5 in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2006.
Focus Areas
During the first six months of fiscal 2007, we continued to focus particular attention on the commercial market segment; additional sales coverage; growing and expanding our advanced technologies; evolving our support model; and expanding our presence in the Emerging Markets theater. In addition to these areas, we expect to continue to focus on next-generation service provider network build-outs, strengthening our product offerings in the consumer market, and providing more comprehensive solutions to our customers as they employ Internet solutions. We believe that the network is becoming the platform for all forms of communications and information technology, and that the investments we have made and our architectural approach are creating growth opportunities for us as the role of the network expands. Indicative of the opportunities in our markets, we continue to encounter price-focused competition, including competitors from Asia, and in particular China.
We also have been focusing on expanding our service model. Compared to the corresponding periods in fiscal 2006, our net service revenue increased by approximately 23% and 20% during the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2007, respectively, with service gross margins of 62.2% and 62.9% during the respective periods. Our service and support strategy seeks to capitalize on increased globalization, and we believe this, along with our architectural approach, has the potential to further differentiate us from competitors.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires us to make judgments, assumptions, and estimates that affect the amounts reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 29, 2006 describes the significant accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements. The accounting policies described below are significantly affected by critical accounting estimates. Such accounting policies require significant judgments, assumptions, and estimates used in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements, and actual results could differ materially from the amounts reported based on these policies.
Revenue Recognition
Our products are generally integrated with software that is essential to the functionality of the equipment. Additionally, we provide unspecified software upgrades and enhancements related to the equipment through our maintenance contracts for most of our products. Accordingly, we account for revenue in accordance with Statement of Position No. 97-2, “Software Revenue Recognition,” and all related interpretations. For sales of products where software is incidental to the equipment, we apply the provisions of Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 101, “Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements” and Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104, “Revenue Recognition,” and all related interpretations. Revenue is recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the fee is fixed or determinable, and collectibility is reasonably assured. In instances where final acceptance of the product, system, or solution is specified by the customer, revenue is deferred until all acceptance criteria have been met.
Contracts, Internet commerce agreements, and customer purchase orders are generally used to determine the existence of an arrangement. Shipping documents and customer acceptance, when applicable, are used to verify delivery. We assess whether the fee is fixed or determinable based on the payment terms associated with the transaction and whether the sales price is subject to refund or adjustment. We assess collectibility based primarily on the creditworthiness of the customer as determined by credit checks and analysis, as well as the customer’s payment history. When a sale involves multiple elements, such as sales of products that include services, the entire fee from the arrangement is allocated to each respective element based on its relative fair value and recognized when revenue recognition criteria for each element are met. The amount of product and service revenue recognized is impacted by our judgment as to whether an arrangement includes multiple elements and, if so, whether vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value exists. Changes to the elements in an arrangement and our ability to establish vendor-specific objective evidence for those elements could affect the timing of the revenue recognition. Our total deferred revenue for products was $1.8 billion and $1.6 billion as of January 27, 2007 and July 29, 2006, respectively. Technical support services revenue is deferred and recognized ratably over the
 
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period during which the services are to be performed, which is typically from one to three years. Advanced services revenue is recognized upon delivery or completion of performance. Our total deferred revenue for services was $4.2 billion and $4.1 billion as of January 27, 2007 and July 29, 2006, respectively.
We make sales to distributors and retail partners and recognize revenue based on a sell-through method using information provided by them. Our distributors and retail partners participate in various cooperative marketing and other programs, and we maintain estimated accruals and allowances for these programs. If actual credits received by our distributors and retail partners for these programs were to deviate significantly from our estimates, which are based on historical experience, our revenue could be adversely affected.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and Sales Returns
Our accounts receivable balance, net of allowance for doubtful accounts, was $2.9 billion and $3.3 billion as of January 27, 2007 and July 29, 2006, respectively. The allowance for doubtful accounts was $169 million, or 5.5% of the gross accounts receivable balance, as of January 27, 2007, and $175 million, or 5.0% of the gross accounts receivable balance, as of July 29, 2006. The allowance is based on our assessment of the collectibility of customer accounts. We regularly review the allowance by considering factors such as historical experience, credit quality, age of the accounts receivable balances, and current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay.
We had no provision for doubtful accounts for the first six months of fiscal 2007. Our provision for doubtful accounts was $10 million for the first six months of fiscal 2006. If a major customer’s creditworthiness deteriorates, or if actual defaults are higher than our historical experience, or if other circumstances arise, our estimates of the recoverability of amounts due to us could be overstated, and additional allowances could be required, which could have an adverse impact on our revenue.
A reserve for future sales returns is established based on historical trends in product return rates. The reserve for future sales returns as of January 27, 2007 and July 29, 2006 was $83 million and $80 million, respectively, and was recorded as a reduction of our accounts receivable. If the actual future returns were to deviate from the historical data on which the reserve had been established, our revenue could be adversely affected.
Inventory Valuation and Liability for Purchase Commitments with Contract Manufacturers and Suppliers
Our inventory balance was $1.6 billion and $1.4 billion as of January 27, 2007 and July 29, 2006, respectively. The valuation of inventory requires us to write down inventory based on excess and obsolete inventories determined primarily by future demand forecasts. Inventory write-downs are measured as the difference between the cost of the inventory and market based upon assumptions about future demand and are charged to the provision for inventory, which is a component of our cost of sales. At the point of the loss recognition, a new, lower cost basis for that inventory is established, and subsequent changes in facts and circumstances do not result in the restoration or increase in that newly established cost basis.
Our provision for inventory was $116 million and $70 million for the first six months of fiscal 2007 and 2006, respectively. If there were to be a sudden and significant decrease in demand for our products, or if there were a higher incidence of inventory obsolescence because of rapidly changing technology and customer requirements, we could be required to increase our inventory write-downs, and our gross margin could be adversely affected.
In addition, we record a liability for firm, noncancelable, and unconditional purchase commitments with contract manufacturers and suppliers for quantities in excess of our future demand forecasts consistent with the valuation of our inventory. As of January 27, 2007, the liability for these purchase commitments was $140 million, compared to $148 million as of July 29, 2006, and was included in other accrued liabilities. In the third quarter of fiscal 2006, we began the initial implementation of the lean manufacturing model. Lean manufacturing is an industry-standard model that seeks to drive efficiency and flexibility in manufacturing processes and in the broader supply chain. We expect that we will complete our implementation of the lean manufacturing model during fiscal 2008. Inventory management remains an area of focus as we balance the need to maintain strategic inventory levels to ensure competitive lead times with the risk of inventory obsolescence.
Warranty Costs
The liability for product warranties, included in other accrued liabilities, was $329 million as of January 27, 2007, compared to $309 million as of July 29, 2006. See Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Our products are generally covered by a warranty for periods ranging from 90 days to five years, and for some products we provide a limited lifetime warranty. We accrue for warranty costs as part of our cost of sales based on associated material costs, technical support labor costs, and associated overhead. Material cost is estimated based primarily upon historical trends in the volume of product returns within the warranty period and the
 
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cost to repair or replace the equipment. Technical support labor cost is estimated based primarily upon historical trends in the rate of customer cases and the cost to support the customer cases within the warranty period. Overhead cost is applied based on estimated time to support warranty activities.
The provision for product warranties issued during the first six months of fiscal 2007 and 2006 was $242 million and $190 million, respectively. The increase in the provision for product warranties was due to higher warranty claims related to higher shipment volume of our products. If we experience an increase in warranty claims compared with our historical experience, or if the cost of servicing warranty claims is greater than the expectations on which the accrual has been based, our gross margin could be adversely affected.
Share-Based Compensation Expense
On July 31, 2005, we adopted SFAS 123(R) which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to our employees and directors including employee stock options, employee stock purchases, and employee restricted stock and restricted stock units, based on estimated fair values. Share-based compensation expense recognized under SFAS 123(R) was as follows:

  	  	Three Months Ended	  	Six Months Ended	
 	  	January 27,
2007	  	January 28,
2006	  	January 27,
2007	  	January 28,
2006	
Employee share-based compensation expense	  	$	247	  	$	261	  	$	472	  	$	578	
Share-based compensation expense related to acquisitions and investments	  	 	9	  	 	24	  	 	19	  	 	52	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Total	  	$	256	  	$	285	  	$	491	  	$	630	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
See Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. Upon adoption of SFAS 123(R), we began estimating the value of employee stock options on the date of grant using a lattice-binomial model. Prior to the adoption of SFAS 123(R), the value of each employee stock option and employee stock purchase was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes model. The determination of fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model is affected by our stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. These variables include, but are not limited to, the expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards, and actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors. The use of a lattice-binomial model requires extensive actual employee exercise behavior data and a number of complex assumptions including expected volatility, risk-free interest rate, expected dividends, kurtosis, and skewness. The weighted-average assumptions, using the lattice-binomial model and the weighted-average estimated value of employee stock options are summarized as follows:

 	  	Three Months Ended	 	 	Six Months Ended	 	
 	  	January 27,
2007	 	 	January 28,
2006	 	 	January 27,
2007	 	 	January 28,
2006	 	
Weighted-average assumptions:	  				 				 				 				
Expected volatility	  	 	24.5	%	 	 	23.7	%	 	 	25.8	%	 	 	23.7	%	
Risk-free interest rate	  	 	4.6	%	 	 	4.5	%	 	 	4.6	%	 	 	4.2	%	
Expected dividend	  	 	0.0	%	 	 	0.0	%	 	 	0.0	%	 	 	0.0	%	
Kurtosis	  	 	4.6	 	 	 	4.2	 	 	 	4.5	 	 	 	4.3	 	
Skewness	  	 	(0.80	)	 	 	(0.60	)	 	 	(0.80	)	 	 	(0.60	)	
					
Weighted-average estimated value	  	$	7.93	 	 	$	5.05	 	 	$	6.94	 	 	$	5.01	 	
We used the implied volatility for two-year traded options on our stock as the expected volatility assumption required in the lattice-binomial model consistent with SFAS 123(R) and SAB 107. The selection of the implied volatility approach was based upon the availability of actively traded options on our stock and also upon our assessment that implied volatility is more representative of future stock price trends than historical volatility. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based upon observed interest rates appropriate for the term of our employee stock options. The dividend yield assumption is based on the history and expectation of dividend payouts. The estimated kurtosis and skewness are technical measures of the distribution of stock price returns, which affect expected employee exercise behaviors that are based on our stock price return history as well as consideration of various academic analyses. Because share-based compensation expense recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, it has been reduced for estimated forfeitures. SFAS 123(R) requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Forfeitures were estimated
 
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based on historical experience. If factors change and we employ different assumptions in the application of SFAS 123(R) in future periods, the compensation expense that we record under SFAS 123(R) may differ significantly from what we have recorded in the current period.
Investment Impairments
Our publicly traded equity securities are reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at a fair value of $1.1 billion as of January 27, 2007, compared to $712 million as of July 29, 2006. See Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. We recognize an impairment charge when the declines in the fair values of our publicly traded equity securities below their cost basis are judged to be other-than-temporary. The ultimate value realized on these equity securities, to the extent unhedged, is subject to market price volatility until they are sold. We consider various factors in determining whether we should recognize an impairment charge, including the length of time and extent to which the fair value has been less than our cost basis, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the investee, and our intent and ability to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value. Our ongoing consideration of these factors could result in additional impairment charges in the future, which could adversely affect our net income. There were no impairment charges on investments in publicly held companies during the first six months of fiscal 2007 or fiscal 2006.
We also have investments in privately held companies, some of which are in the startup or development stages. As of January 27, 2007, our investments in privately held companies were $636 million, compared to $574 million as of July 29, 2006, and were included in other assets. See Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. We monitor these investments for impairment and make appropriate reductions in carrying values if we determine an impairment charge is required, based primarily on the financial condition and near-term prospects of these companies. These investments are inherently risky because the markets for the technologies or products these companies are developing are typically in the early stages and may never materialize. Our impairment charges on investments in privately held companies were $10 million and $4 million during the second quarter of fiscal 2007 and fiscal 2006, respectively, and were $14 million and $11 million during the first six months of fiscal 2007 and fiscal 2006, respectively.
Goodwill Impairments
Our methodology for allocating the purchase price relating to purchase acquisitions is determined through established valuation techniques. Goodwill is measured as the excess of the cost of acquisition over the sum of the amounts assigned to tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired less liabilities assumed. We perform goodwill impairment tests on an annual basis and between annual tests in certain circumstances for each reporting unit. The goodwill recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of January 27, 2007 and July 29, 2006 was $9.3 billion and $9.2 billion, respectively. In response to changes in industry and market conditions, we could be required to strategically realign our resources and consider restructuring, disposing of, or otherwise exiting businesses, which could result in an impairment of goodwill. There was no impairment of goodwill in the first six months of fiscal 2007 or fiscal 2006.
Income Taxes
We are subject to income taxes in both the United States and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in evaluating our tax positions and determining our provision for income taxes.
During the ordinary course of business, there are many transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. We establish reserves for tax-related uncertainties based on estimates of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes and interest will be due. These reserves are established when, despite our belief that our tax return positions are fully supportable, we believe that certain positions are likely to be challenged and may not be fully sustained on review by tax authorities. We adjust these reserves in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the closing of a tax audit or the refinement of an estimate. Although we believe our reserves are reasonable, no assurance can be given that the final tax outcome of these matters will not be different from that which is reflected in our historical income tax provisions and accruals. To the extent that the final tax outcome of these matters is different than the amounts recorded, such differences will impact the provision for income taxes in the period in which such determination is made. The provision for income taxes includes the impact of reserve provisions and changes to reserves that are considered appropriate, as well as the related net interest.
Significant judgment is also required in determining any valuation allowance recorded against deferred tax assets. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we consider all available evidence including past operating results, estimates of future taxable income, and the feasibility of tax planning strategies. In the event that we change our determination as to the amount of deferred tax assets that can be realized, we will adjust our valuation allowance with a corresponding impact to the provision for income taxes in the period in which such determination is made.
 
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Our effective tax rates differ from the statutory rate primarily due to acquisition-related costs, share-based compensation, R & D tax credits, state taxes, and the tax impact of foreign operations. The effective tax rate was 17.7% in the second quarter of fiscal 2007 and 21.8% for the first six months of fiscal 2007. The effective tax rate was 28.2% in the second quarter of fiscal 2006 and 28.3% for the first six months of fiscal 2006.
Our future effective tax rates could be adversely affected by earnings being lower than anticipated in countries where we have lower statutory rates and higher than anticipated in countries where we have higher statutory rates, by changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets or liabilities, or by changes in tax laws, regulations, accounting principles, or interpretations thereof. In addition, we are subject to the continuous examination of our income tax returns by the Internal Revenue Service and other tax authorities. We regularly assess the likelihood of adverse outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes.
Loss Contingencies
We are subject to the possibility of various losses arising in the ordinary course of business. We consider the likelihood of loss or impairment of an asset or the incurrence of a liability, as well as our ability to reasonably estimate the amount of loss, in determining loss contingencies. An estimated loss contingency is accrued when it is probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. We regularly evaluate current information available to us to determine whether such accruals should be adjusted and whether new accruals are required.
Third parties, including customers, have in the past and may in the future assert claims or initiate litigation related to exclusive patent, copyright, trademark, and other intellectual property rights to technologies and related standards that are relevant to us. These assertions have increased over time as a result of our growth and the general increase in the pace of patent claims assertions, particularly in the United States. If any infringement or other intellectual property claim made against us by any third party is successful, or if we fail to develop non-infringing technology or license the proprietary rights on commercially reasonable terms and conditions, our business, operating results, and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.
Net Sales
The following table presents the breakdown of net sales between product and service revenue (in millions, except percentages):

 	  	Three Months Ended	 	 	Six Months Ended	 	
 	  	January 27,
2007	  	January 28,
2006	  	Variance
in Dollars	  	Variance
in Percent	 	 	January 27,
2007	  	January 28,
2006	  	Variance
in Dollars	  	Variance
in Percent	 	
Net sales:	  			  			  			  			 			  			  			  			
Product	  	$	7,099	  	$	5,537	  	$	1,562	  	28.2	%	 	$	14,039	  	$	11,028	  	$	3,011	  	27.3	%	
Service	  	 	1,340	  	 	1,091	  	 	249	  	22.8	%	 	 	2,584	  	 	2,150	  	 	434	  	20.2	%	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  			 	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  			
Total	  	$	8,439	  	$	6,628	  	$	1,811	  	27.3	%	 	$	16,623	  	$	13,178	  	$	3,445	  	26.1	%	

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Net sales, which include product and service revenue, for each theater are summarized in the following table (in millions, except percentages):

  	  	Three Months Ended	 	 	Six Months Ended	 	
 	  	January 27,
2007	 	 	January 28,
2006	 	 	Variance
in Dollars	  	Variance
in Percent	 	 	January 27,
2007	 	 	January 28,
2006	 	 	Variance
in Dollars	  	Variance
in Percent	 	
Net sales:	  				 				 			  			 				 				 			  			
United States and Canada	  	$	4,556	 	 	$	3,468	 	 	$	1,088	  	31.4	%	 	$	9,283	 	 	$	7,120	 	 	$	2,163	  	30.4	%	
Percentage of net sales	  	 	54.1	%	 	 	52.3	%	 			  			 	 	55.9	%	 	 	54.0	%	 			  			
European Markets	  	 	1,841	 	 	 	1,533	 	 	 	308	  	20.1	%	 	 	3,444	 	 	 	2,901	 	 	 	543	  	18.7	%	
Percentage of net sales	  	 	21.8	%	 	 	23.1	%	 			  			 	 	20.7	%	 	 	22.0	%	 			  			
Emerging Markets	  	 	890	 	 	 	620	 	 	 	270	  	43.5	%	 	 	1,642	 	 	 	1,156	 	 	 	486	  	42.0	%	
Percentage of net sales	  	 	10.5	%	 	 	9.4	%	 			  			 	 	9.9	%	 	 	8.8	%	 			  			
Asia Pacific	  	 	847	 	 	 	720	 	 	 	127	  	17.6	%	 	 	1,602	 	 	 	1,355	 	 	 	247	  	18.2	%	
Percentage of net sales	  	 	10.0	%	 	 	10.9	%	 			  			 	 	9.6	%	 	 	10.3	%	 			  			
Japan	  	 	305	 	 	 	287	 	 	 	18	  	6.3	%	 	 	652	 	 	 	646	 	 	 	6	  	0.9	%	
Percentage of net sales	  	 	3.6	%	 	 	4.3	%	 			  			 	 	3.9	%	 	 	4.9	%	 			  			
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  			 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  			
Total	  	$	8,439	 	 	$	6,628	 	 	$	1,811	  	27.3	%	 	$	16,623	 	 	$	13,178	 	 	$	3,445	  	26.1	%	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  			 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  			
The increase in net product sales primarily occurred across our four largest geographic theaters, as we experienced increased information technology-related capital spending in our service provider, enterprise, commercial, and consumer markets. Our net product sales also benefited from our entry into new markets and development of adjacent product offerings, and the acquisition of Scientific-Atlanta. Scientific-Atlanta’s net product sales for each theater and service revenue are summarized in the following table (in millions):

  	  	Three Months Ended	  	Six Months Ended	
 	  	January 27,
2007	  	January 28,
2006	  	January 27,
2007	  	January 28,
2006	
Scientific - Atlanta	  			  			  			  			
United States and Canada	  	$	469	  	$	—  	  	$	910	  	$	—  	
European Markets	  	 	82	  	 	—  	  	 	146	  	 	—  	
Emerging Markets	  	 	35	  	 	—  	  	 	66	  	 	—  	
Asia Pacific	  	 	17	  	 	—  	  	 	34	  	 	—  	
Japan	  	 	2	  	 	—  	  	 	5	  	 	—  	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Total product sales	  	 	605	  	 	—  	  	 	1,161	  	 	—  	
Service	  	 	34	  	 	—  	  	 	62	  	 	—  	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Total	  	$	639	  	$	—  	  	$	1,223	  	$	—  	

Net Product Sales by Theater
The following table presents the breakdown of net product sales by theater (in millions, except percentages):

 	  	Three Months Ended	 	 	Six Months Ended	 	
 	  	January 27,
2007	 	 	January 28,
2006	 	 	Variance
in Dollars	  	Variance
in Percent	 	 	January 27,
2007	 	 	January 28,
2006	 	 	Variance
in Dollars	  	Variance
in Percent	 	
Net product sales:	  				 				 			  			 				 				 			  			
United States and Canada	  	$	3,618	 	 	$	2,707	 	 	$	911	  	33.7	%	 	$	7,469	 	 	$	5,614	 	 	$	1,855	  	33.0	%	
Percentage of net product sales	  	 	51.0	%	 	 	48.9	%	 			  			 	 	53.3	%	 	 	50.9	%	 			  			
European Markets	  	 	1,645	 	 	 	1,367	 	 	 	278	  	20.3	%	 	 	3,062	 	 	 	2,569	 	 	 	493	  	19.2	%	
Percentage of net product sales	  	 	23.2	%	 	 	24.7	%	 			  			 	 	21.8	%	 	 	23.3	%	 			  			
Emerging Markets	  	 	818	 	 	 	576	 	 	 	242	  	42.0	%	 	 	1,509	 	 	 	1,073	 	 	 	436	  	40.6	%	
Percentage of net product sales	  	 	11.5	%	 	 	10.4	%	 			  			 	 	10.7	%	 	 	9.7	%	 			  			
Asia Pacific	  	 	752	 	 	 	641	 	 	 	111	  	17.3	%	 	 	1,423	 	 	 	1,208	 	 	 	215	  	17.8	%	
Percentage of net product sales	  	 	10.6	%	 	 	11.6	%	 			  			 	 	10.1	%	 	 	11.0	%	 			  			
Japan	  	 	266	 	 	 	246	 	 	 	20	  	8.1	%	 	 	576	 	 	 	564	 	 	 	12	  	2.1	%	
Percentage of net product sales	  	 	3.7	%	 	 	4.4	%	 			  			 	 	4.1	%	 	 	5.1	%	 			  			
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  			 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  			
Total	  	$	7,099	 	 	$	5,537	 	 	$	1,562	  	28.2	%	 	$	14,039	 	 	$	11,028	 	 	$	3,011	  	27.3	%	

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United States and Canada
The increase in net product sales in the United States and Canada theater during the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2007 compared to the corresponding periods in fiscal 2006 was due to an increase in net product sales in the service provider market, including CRS-1 sales, growth in the commercial market and the acquisition of Scientific-Atlanta. However, after experiencing strength in the first quarter of fiscal 2007, the enterprise market in the United States grew at a slower rate in the second quarter of fiscal 2007.
European Markets
The increase in net product sales in the European Markets theater during the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2007 compared to the corresponding periods of fiscal 2006 was due to balanced improvement in net product sales across all of our customer markets throughout the European Markets theater. During the second quarter and the first six months of fiscal 2007, net product sales in two of the largest countries within the European Markets theater, the United Kingdom and Germany, increased from the corresponding periods in fiscal 2006.
Emerging Markets
Net product sales in the Emerging Markets theater increased during the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2007 primarily as a result of continued product deployment by service providers and growth in the enterprise and commercial markets as customers continue to adopt our architectural platform, led by strength in the Middle East and Africa, Eastern Europe, and Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).
Asia Pacific
The increase in net product sales in the Asia Pacific theater during the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2007 was attributable to growth in the commercial, enterprise, and service provider markets. Within the Asia Pacific theater, Australia and India had strong growth during the second quarter and the first six months of fiscal 2007, but China experienced slower growth in the second quarter of fiscal 2007 compared to the second quarter of fiscal 2006, after experiencing solid growth in the first quarter of fiscal 2007.
Japan
Net product sales in the Japan theater improved slightly in the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2007 compared to the  corresponding periods in fiscal 2006.
Net Product Sales by Groups of Similar Products
We classify our net product sales into four primary categories: routers, switches, advanced technologies, and other.
The following table presents net sales for groups of similar products (in millions, except percentages):

 	  	Three Months Ended	 	 	Six Months Ended	 	
 	  	January 27,
2007	 	 	January 28,
2006	 	 	Variance
in Dollars	  	Variance
in Percent	 	 	January 27,
2007	 	 	January 28,
2006	 	 	Variance
in Dollars	  	Variance
in Percent	 	
Net product sales:	  				 				 			  			 				 				 			  			
Routers	  	$	1,674	 	 	$	1,420	 	 	$	254	  	17.9	%	 	$	3,269	 	 	$	2,837	 	 	$	432	  	15.2	%	
Percentage of net product sales	  	 	23.6	%	 	 	25.6	%	 			  			 	 	23.3	%	 	 	25.7	%	 			  			
Switches	  	 	3,013	 	 	 	2,665	 	 	 	348	  	13.1	%	 	 	6,043	 	 	 	5,308	 	 	 	735	  	13.8	%	
Percentage of net product sales	  	 	42.4	%	 	 	48.1	%	 			  			 	 	43.0	%	 	 	48.1	%	 			  			
Advanced technologies	  	 	1,930	 	 	 	1,163	 	 	 	767	  	66.0	%	 	 	3,790	 	 	 	2,296	 	 	 	1,494	  	65.1	%	
Percentage of net product sales	  	 	27.2	%	 	 	21.0	%	 			  			 	 	27.0	%	 	 	20.8	%	 			  			
Other	  	 	482	 	 	 	289	 	 	 	193	  	66.8	%	 	 	937	 	 	 	587	 	 	 	350	  	59.6	%	
Percentage of net product sales	  	 	6.8	%	 	 	5.3	%	 			  			 	 	6.7	%	 	 	5.4	%	 			  			
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  			 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  			
Total	  	$	7,099	 	 	$	5,537	 	 	$	1,562	  	28.2	%	 	$	14,039	 	 	$	11,028	 	 	$	3,011	  	27.3	%	

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Routers
The increase in net product sales related to routers in the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2007 compared to the corresponding periods of fiscal 2006 was primarily due to higher sales of our high-end routers, with strength in our CRS-1 products. Our sales of high-end routers, which represent a larger proportion of our total router sales compared to midrange and low-end routers, increased by approximately $215 million and $410 million in the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2007, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods of fiscal 2006. Our high-end router sales are primarily to service providers, which tend to make large and sporadic purchases. We believe that the increase in high-end router sales is attributable to service providers continuing to scale network capacity to accommodate actual and projected increases in video, voice, and data traffic.
Switches
The increase in net product sales related to switches in the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2007 was due primarily to higher sales of local-area network (LAN) fixed-configuration switches, which increased during the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2007 by approximately $270 million and $500 million, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods in fiscal 2006. Sales of LAN modular switches also increased during both periods compared to the corresponding periods in fiscal 2006. The increase in sales of LAN switches was a result of the continued adoption by our customers of new technologies, including Gigabit Ethernet and Power over Ethernet. This has resulted in higher sales of fixed switches, including the Cisco Catalyst 3560 Series and the Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series and our high-end modular switches, the Catalyst 6500 Series, as new technologies are deployed throughout the customers’ networks from the core to the wiring closet. Additionally, growth in advanced technologies such as unified communications and wireless LANs creates demand for LAN fixed and modular switching infrastructure as additional endpoints are added to the network.
Advanced Technologies
The increase in net product sales related to advanced technologies in the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2007 compared to the corresponding periods in fiscal 2006 was due primarily to:
 
 	•	 	Increased sales of video systems, which include solutions and systems designed to enable video-specific systems, including both transmission and subscriber equipment, sold directly to service providers. Net product sales for video systems of approximately $430 million and $820 million during the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2007, respectively, were related to Scientific-Atlanta.	
 
 	•	 	Unified communications sales increased by approximately $105 million and $175 million during the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2007 primarily due to sales of IP phones and associated software as our customers transitioned from an analog-based to an IP-based infrastructure.	
 
 	•	 	Home networking product sales increased by approximately $80 million and $220 million during the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2007, respectively, primarily due to the acquisition of Scientific-Atlanta which contributed approximately $75 million and $150 million of home networking product sales during the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2007, respectively.	
 
 	•	 	Sales of security products increased by approximately $55 million and $80 million during the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2007, respectively, primarily due to module and line card sales related to our routers and LAN modular switches as customers continued to emphasize network security.	
 
 	•	 	Sales of wireless LAN products increased by approximately $50 million and $120 million during the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2007, respectively, primarily due to new customers and continued deployments with existing customers.	
 
 	•	 	Sales of storage area networking products increased by approximately $35 million and $50 million during the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2007, respectively.	
 
 	•	 	Application networking services and hosted small-business systems, which were identified as advanced technologies in fiscal 2006, did not represent a significant amount of revenue for either the second quarter or first six months of fiscal 2007.	
Other Product Revenue
The increase in other product revenue during the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2007 compared to the respective periods of fiscal 2006 was due primarily to the inclusion of net product sales related to Scientific-Atlanta of approximately $100 million and $190 million during the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2007, respectively. Optical networking products which increased by approximately $110 million and $190 million during the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2007,
 
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respectively, compared to the respective periods of fiscal 2006, included approximately $55 million and $105 million of sales during the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2007, respectively, related to Scientific-Atlanta. Our sales of optical networking products were previously included in our advanced technologies product category and prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period’s presentation. The increase in other product revenue was also due to the strength in sales of IP-based communications solutions to service providers.
Factors That May Impact Net Product Sales
Net product sales may continue to be affected by changes in the geopolitical environment and global economic conditions; competition, including price-focused competitors from Asia, especially China; new product introductions; sales cycles and product implementation cycles; changes in the mix of our customers between service provider and enterprise markets; changes in the mix of direct sales and indirect sales; variations in sales channels; and final acceptance criteria of the product, system, or solution as specified by the customer. In addition, sales to the service provider market have been characterized by large and often sporadic purchases, especially relating to our router sales and sales of certain advanced technologies. In addition, service provider customers typically have longer implementation cycles, require a broader range of services, including network design services, and often have acceptance provisions that can lead to a delay in revenue recognition. To improve customer satisfaction, we continue to focus on managing our manufacturing lead-time performance, which may result in corresponding reductions in order backlog. A decline in backlog levels could result in more variability and less predictability in our quarter-to-quarter net sales and operating results.
Net product sales may also be adversely affected by fluctuations in demand for our products, especially with respect to Internet businesses and telecommunications service providers, price and product competition in the communications and information technology industry, introduction and market acceptance of new technologies and products, adoption of new networking standards, and financial difficulties experienced by our customers. We may, from time to time, experience manufacturing issues that create a delay in our suppliers’ ability to provide specific components, resulting in delayed shipments. To the extent that manufacturing issues and any related component shortages, including those caused by any possible disruption related to lean manufacturing, result in delayed shipments in the future, and particularly in periods when we and our suppliers are operating at higher levels of capacity, it is possible that revenue for a quarter could be adversely affected if such matters are not remediated within the same quarter. For additional factors that may impact net product sales, see “Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors.”
Our distributors and retail partners participate in various cooperative marketing and other programs. In addition, increasing sales to our distributors and retail partners generally results in greater difficulty in forecasting the mix of our products and, to a certain degree, the timing of orders from our customers. We recognize revenue for sales to our distributors and retail partners based on a sell-through method using information provided by them, and we maintain estimated accruals and allowances for all cooperative marketing and other programs.
Net Service Revenue
The increase in net service revenue during the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2007 compared to the corresponding periods of fiscal 2006 was primarily due to increased technical support service contract initiations and renewals associated with higher product sales, which have resulted in a larger installed base of equipment being serviced, and revenue from advanced services, which relates to consulting support services for our technologies for specific networking needs.
Gross Margin
The following table presents the gross margin for products and services (in millions, except percentages):

 	  	Three Months Ended	 	 	Six Months Ended	 	
 	  	Amount	  	Percentage	 	 	Amount	  	Percentage	 	
 	  	January 27,
2007	  	January 28,
2006	  	January 27,
2007	 	 	January 28,
2006	 	 	January 27,
2007	  	January 28,
2006	  	January 27,
2007	 	 	January 28,
2006	 	
Gross margin:	  			  			  			 			 			  			  			 			
Product	  	$	4,555	  	$	3,763	  	64.2	%	 	68.0	%	 	$	8,996	  	$	7,503	  	64.1	%	 	68.0	%	
Service	  	 	833	  	 	703	  	62.2	%	 	64.4	%	 	 	1,625	  	 	1,373	  	62.9	%	 	63.9	%	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  			 			 	 	 	  	 	 	  			 			
Total	  	$	5,388	  	$	4,466	  	63.8	%	 	67.4	%	 	$	10,621	  	$	8,876	  	63.9	%	 	67.4	%	

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The following table presents the gross margin for each theater (in millions, except percentages):

  	  	Three Months Ended	 	 	Six Months Ended	 	
 	  	Amount	  	Percentage	 	 	Amount	  	Percentage	 	
 	  	January 27,
2007	  	January 28,
2006	  	January 27,
2007	 	 	January 28,
2006	 	 	January 27,
2007	  	January 28,
2006	  	January 27,
2007	 	 	January 28,
2006	 	
Gross margin:	  			  			  			 			 			  			  			 			
United States and Canada	  	$	2,857	  	$	2,294	  	62.7	%	 	66.1	%	 	$	5,823	  	$	4,719	  	62.7	%	 	66.3	%	
European Markets	  	 	1,196	  	 	1,051	  	65.0	%	 	68.6	%	 	 	2,261	  	 	1,991	  	65.7	%	 	68.6	%	
Emerging Markets	  	 	582	  	 	437	  	65.4	%	 	70.5	%	 	 	1,080	  	 	814	  	65.8	%	 	70.4	%	
Asia Pacific	  	 	543	  	 	482	  	64.1	%	 	66.9	%	 	 	1,007	  	 	895	  	62.9	%	 	66.1	%	
Japan	  	 	210	  	 	202	  	68.9	%	 	70.4	%	 	 	450	  	 	457	  	69.0	%	 	70.7	%	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  			 			 	 	 	  	 	 	  			 			
Total	  	$	5,388	  	$	4,466	  	63.8	%	 	67.4	%	 	$	10,621	  	$	8,876	  	63.9	%	 	67.4	%	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  			 			 	 	 	  	 	 	  			 			
The decrease in gross margin percentage during the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2007 compared to the corresponding periods of fiscal 2006 was primarily related to the acquisition of Scientific-Atlanta. The gross margin for the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2006 does not include Scientific-Atlanta. The gross margin for each theater is derived from information from our internal management system. The gross margin percentage for a particular theater may fluctuate and period-to-period changes in such margin percentages may not be indicative of a trend for that theater.
Product Gross Margin
The decrease in product gross margin percentage during the second quarter of fiscal 2007 compared to the second quarter of fiscal 2006 was due to the following factors:
 
 	•	 	Changes in the mix of products sold decreased product gross margin percentage by 3.3%, with 2.7% of this decrease related to the inclusion of net product sales from Scientific-Atlanta and the remainder being due to sales of certain routing products.	
 
 	•	 	Sales discounts, rebates, and product pricing decreased product gross margin percentage by 2.1%.	
 
 	•	 	Lower overall manufacturing costs related to lower component costs, value engineering and other manufacturing-related costs increased product gross margin percentage by 0.8%. Value engineering is the process by which production costs are reduced through component redesign, board configuration, test processes, and transformation processes.	
 
 	•	 	Higher shipment volume, net of certain variable costs, also increased product gross margin percentage by 0.8%.	
The decrease in product gross margin percentage during the first six months of fiscal 2007 compared to the first six months of fiscal 2006 was due to the following factors:
 
 	•	 	Changes in the mix of products sold decreased product gross margin percentage by 3.3%, with 2.6% of this decrease related to the inclusion of net product sales from Scientific-Atlanta and the remainder being due to sales of certain switching and routing products.	
 
 	•	 	Sales discounts, rebates, and product pricing decreased product gross margin percentage by 2.4%.	
 
 	•	 	Lower overall manufacturing costs related to lower component costs, value engineering and other manufacturing-related costs increased product gross margin percentage by 0.9%.	
 
 	•	 	Higher shipment volume, net of certain variable costs, increased product gross margin percentage by 0.9%.	
Product gross margin also includes the amortization of purchased intangible assets and share-based compensation expense and recorded as other manufacturing-related costs.
Product gross margin may continue to be adversely affected in the future by: changes in the mix of products sold, including further periods of increased growth of some of our lower-margin products; introduction of new products, including products with price-performance advantages; our ability to reduce production costs; entry into new markets, including markets with different pricing and cost structures; changes in distribution channels; price competition, including competitors from Asia and especially China; changes in geographic mix; sales discounts; increases in material or labor costs; excess inventory and obsolescence charges; warranty costs; changes in shipment volume; loss of cost savings due to changes in component pricing; impact of value engineering; inventory holding charges; and how well we execute on our strategy and operating plans.
 
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Service Gross Margin
Our service gross margin percentage in the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2007 decreased from the corresponding periods of fiscal 2006, primarily due to strategic investments in headcount as well as advanced services representing a higher proportion of service revenue in the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2007 compared with the corresponding periods of fiscal 2006. Additionally, we have continued to invest in building out our technical support and advance services capabilities in the Emerging Markets theater.
Service gross margin will typically experience some variability over time due to various factors such as the change in mix between technical support services and advanced services, as well as the timing of technical support service contract initiations and renewals and the timing of our adding personnel and resources to support this business. Our service gross margin from technical support services is higher than the service gross margin from our advanced services and our revenue from advanced services may continue to increase to a higher proportion of total service revenue due to our continued focus on providing comprehensive support to our customers’ networking devices, applications, and infrastructures.
Research and Development, Sales and Marketing, and General and Administrative Expenses
Research and development (R&D), sales and marketing, and general and administrative (G&A) expenses are summarized in the following table (in millions, except percentages):

 	  	Three Months Ended	 	 	Six Months Ended	 	
 	  	January 27,
2007	 	 	January 28,
2006	 	 	Variance
in Dollars	  	Variance
in Percent	 	 	January 27,
2007	 	 	January 28,
2006	 	 	Variance
in Dollars	  	Variance
in Percent	 	
Research and development	  	$	1,094	 	 	$	966	 	 	$	128	  	13.3	%	 	$	2,177	 	 	$	1,962	 	 	$	215	  	11.0	%	
Percentage of net sales	  	 	13.0	%	 	 	14.6	%	 			  			 	 	13.1	%	 	 	14.9	%	 			  			
Sales and marketing	  	 	1,726	 	 	 	1,431	 	 	 	295	  	20.6	%	 	 	3,412	 	 	 	2,884	 	 	 	528	  	18.3	%	
Percentage of net sales	  	 	20.5	%	 	 	21.6	%	 			  			 	 	20.5	%	 	 	21.9	%	 			  			
General and administrative	  	 	340	 	 	 	282	 	 	 	58	  	20.6	%	 	 	704	 	 	 	560	 	 	 	144	  	25.7	%	
Percentage of net sales	  	 	4.0	%	 	 	4.3	%	 			  			 	 	4.2	%	 	 	4.2	%	 			  			
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  			 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  			
Total	  	$	3,160	 	 	$	2,679	 	 	$	481	  	18.0	%	 	$	6,293	 	 	$	5,406	 	 	$	887	  	16.4	%	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  			 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  			
Percentage of net sales	  	 	37.4	%	 	 	40.4	%	 			  			 	 	37.9	%	 	 	41.0	%	 			  			
R&D Expenses
R&D expenses increased for the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2007 compared to the corresponding periods of fiscal 2006 primarily due to the acquisition of Scientific-Atlanta, which contributed $55 million and $113 million, respectively, of additional R&D expenses. The increase in both periods was also due to higher headcount-related expenses reflecting our continued investment in R&D efforts in routers, switches, advanced technologies and other product technologies. R&D expenses included the effect of employee share-based compensation expense which decreased by $16 million and $45 million compared to the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2006, respectively. We have also continued to purchase or license technology in order to bring a broad range of products to market in a timely fashion. If we believe that we are unable to enter a particular market in a timely manner with internally developed products, we may license technology from other businesses or acquire businesses as an alternative to internal R&D. All of our R&D costs have been expensed as incurred.
Sales and Marketing Expenses
Sales and marketing expenses for the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2007 increased compared to the corresponding periods of fiscal 2006 primarily due to an increase in sales expenses of approximately $230 million and $430 million, respectively. Sales expenses increased primarily due to an increase in headcount-related expenses. The acquisition of Scientific-Atlanta added $21 million of sales expenses and $14 million of marketing expenses during the second quarter of fiscal 2007, and $40 million of sales expenses and $28 million of marketing expenses during the first six months of fiscal 2007. Sales and marketing expenses for the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2007 included the effect of employee share-based compensation expense which decreased by $7 million and $40 million, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods of fiscal 2006.
G&A Expenses
G&A expenses for the second quarter of fiscal 2007 increased compared to the second quarter of fiscal 2006 primarily due to the acquisition of Scientific-Atlanta, which contributed $25 million of G&A expenses during the period. G&A expenses for the first six months of fiscal 2007 increased compared to the first six months of fiscal 2006 primarily due to approximately $60 million of real-estate related charges and Scientific-Atlanta contributed $48 million of G&A expenses.
 
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Headcount
Our headcount increased by 4,637 employees during the first six months of fiscal 2007, reflecting the investment in sales and R&D described above and also reflecting increases in investments in our service business and our Juarez manufacturing facility. Our headcount is expected to increase, as we continue to focus on the commercial market segment; additional sales coverage; growing and expanding our advanced technologies; our evolving support model; expanding our presence in the Emerging Markets theater; next-generation service provider network build-outs; strengthening our product offerings in the consumer market; and providing more comprehensive solutions to our customers as they employ Internet solutions. As a  result, if we do not achieve the benefits anticipated from these investments, our operating results may be adversely affected.
Employee Share-Based Compensation Expense
Employee share-based compensation expense under SFAS 123(R) was as follows (in millions):

 	  	Three Months Ended	  	Six Months Ended	
 	  	January 27,
2007	  	January 28,
2006	  	January 27,
2007	  	January 28,
2006	
Cost of sales—product	  	$	12	  	$	11	  	$	23	  	$	30	
Cost of sales—service	  	 	30	  	 	28	  	 	54	  	 	62	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Employee share-based compensation expense in cost of sales	  	 	42	  	 	39	  	 	77	  	 	92	

Research and development	  	 	74	  	 	90	  	 	148	  	 	193	
Sales and marketing	  	 	99	  	 	106	  	 	193	  	 	233	
General and administrative	  	 	32	  	 	26	  	 	54	  	 	60	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Employee share-based compensation expense in operating expenses	  	 	205	  	 	222	  	 	395	  	 	486	

Total employee share-based compensation expense	  	$	247	  	$	261	  	$	472	  	$	578	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Share-based compensation expense included compensation expense for share-based payment awards granted prior to, but not yet vested, as of July 30, 2005 based on the grant date fair value using the Black-Scholes model, and compensation expense for share-based payment awards granted subsequent to July 30, 2005 based on the grant date fair value using the lattice-binomial model. In conjunction with the adoption of SFAS 123(R), we changed our method of attributing the value of share-based compensation to expense from the accelerated multiple-option approach to the straight-line single-option method. Compensation expense for all share-based payment awards granted on or prior to July 30, 2005 is recognized using the accelerated multiple-option approach while compensation expense for all share-based payment awards granted subsequent to July 30, 2005 is recognized using the straight-line single-option method. The decrease in employee share-based compensation expense during the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2007 compared to the  corresponding periods of fiscal 2006 was consistent with the change in the attribution method upon the adoption of SFAS 123(R).
Amortization of Purchased Intangible Assets and In-Process Research and Development
The following table presents the amortization of purchased intangible assets and in-process research and development (in millions):

 	  	Three Months Ended	  	Six Months Ended	
 	  	January 27,
2007	  	January 28,
2006	  	January 27,
2007	  	January 28,
2006	
Amortization of purchased intangible assets included in operating expenses	  	$	96	  	$	56	  	$	201	  	$	115	
In-process research and development	  	$	2	  	$	—  	  	$	6	  	$	2	
 
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The increase in amortization of purchased intangible assets over the corresponding periods of fiscal 2006 was primarily due to the acquisition of Scientific-Atlanta. For additional information regarding purchased intangibles, see Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Our methodology for allocating the purchase price, relating to purchase acquisitions, to in-process R&D is determined through established valuation techniques. See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the acquisitions completed in the first six months of fiscal 2007 and the in-process R&D recorded for these acquisitions. In-process R&D was expensed upon acquisition because technological feasibility had not been established and no future alternative uses existed.
The fair value of the existing purchased technology and patents, as well as the technology under development, is determined using the income approach, which discounts expected future cash flows to present value. The discount rates used in the present value calculations are typically derived from a weighted-average cost of capital analysis and venture capital surveys, adjusted upward to reflect additional risks inherent in the development lifecycle. We consider the pricing model for products related to these acquisitions to be standard within the high-technology communications industry. However, we do not expect to achieve a material amount of expense reductions as a result of integrating the acquired in-process technology. Therefore, the valuation assumptions do not include significant anticipated cost savings.
For purchase acquisitions completed to date, the development of these technologies remains a significant risk due to the remaining efforts to achieve technological feasibility, rapidly changing customer markets, uncertain standards for new products, and significant competitive threats. The nature of the efforts to develop these technologies into commercially viable products consists primarily of planning, designing, experimenting, and testing activities necessary to determine that the technologies can meet market expectations, including functionality and technical requirements. Failure to bring these products to market in a timely manner could result in a loss of market share or a lost opportunity to capitalize on emerging markets and could have a material adverse impact on our business and operating results.
The following table summarizes the key assumptions underlying the valuation for our purchase acquisitions completed in the first six months of fiscal 2007 for which in-process R&D was recorded (in millions, except percentages):

  	  	In-Process
R&D Expense	  	Estimated Cost to
Complete Technology
at Time of Acquisition	  	Risk-Adjusted
Discount Rate for
In-Process R&D	 	
Arroyo Video Solutions, Inc.	  	$	3	  	$	5	  	30.0	%	
Other	  	 	3	  	 	1	  	36.0	%	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  			
Total	  	$	6	  	$	6	  			
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  			
The key assumptions primarily consist of an expected completion date for the in-process projects; estimated costs to complete the projects; revenue and expense projections, assuming the products have entered the market; and discount rates based on the risks associated with the development lifecycle of the in-process technology acquired. Failure to achieve the expected levels of revenue and net income from these products will negatively impact the return on investment expected at the time that the acquisitions were completed and may result in impairment charges. Actual results from the  purchase acquisitions to date did not have a material adverse impact on our business and operating results.
Interest Income, Net
The components of interest income, net, are as follows (in millions):

 	  	Three Months Ended	  	Six Months Ended	
 	  	January 27,
2007	 	 	January 28,
2006	  	January 27,
2007	 	 	January 28,
2006	
Interest income	  	$	267	 	 	$	168	  	$	518	 	 	$	322	
Interest expense	  	 	(95	)	 	 	—  	  	 	(189	)	 	 	—  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	172	 	 	$	168	  	$	329	 	 	$	322	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The increase in interest income during the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2007 compared to the corresponding periods of fiscal 2006 was primarily due to higher average interest rates on our portfolio of cash and cash equivalents and fixed income securities, and higher average balances. The interest expense was attributable to the issuance of $6.5 billion in senior unsecured notes in February 2006, and includes the effect of $6.0 billion of interest rate swaps. The effect of the interest rate swaps is to convert fixed-rate interest expense to floating-rate interest expense based on LIBOR.
 
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Other Income, Net
The components of other income, net, are as follows (in millions):

 	  	Three Months Ended	 	 	Six Months Ended	 	
 	  	January 27,
2007	 	 	January 28,
2006	 	 	January 27,
2007	 	 	January 28,
2006	 	
Net gains (losses) on investments in fixed income and publicly traded equity securities	  	$	61	 	 	$	(4	)	 	$	127	 	 	$	(14	)	
Net (losses) gains on investments in privately held companies	  	 	—  	 	 	 	40	 	 	 	(14	)	 	 	46	 	
Impairment charges on investments in privately held companies	  	 	(10	)	 	 	(4	)	 	 	(14	)	 	 	(11	)	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net gains and impairment charges on investments	  	 	51	 	 	 	32	 	 	 	99	 	 	 	21	 	
Other	  	 	(18	)	 	 	(15	)	 	 	(38	)	 	 	(21	)	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	33	 	 	$	17	 	 	$	61	 	 	$	—  	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The other expenses consisted primarily of contributions of publicly traded equity securities and products to charitable organizations.
Provision for Income Taxes
The effective tax rate was 17.7% for the second quarter of fiscal 2007, compared to 28.2% for the second quarter of fiscal 2006, and 21.8% for the first six months of fiscal 2007, compared to 28.3% for the first six months of fiscal 2006.
In the second quarter of fiscal 2007, the Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006 reinstated the U.S. federal R&D tax credit, retroactive to January 1, 2006. The tax provision rates for the second quarter and the first six months of fiscal 2007 included a $120 million tax benefit relating to the reinstatement of the U.S. federal R&D tax credit, including $60 million related to fiscal 2006 R&D expenses and $30 million related to the first quarter of fiscal 2007 R&D expenses. The decrease in the effective rate also reflects a benefit from an increase in foreign income taxed at other than U.S. rates. The effective tax rate differs from the statutory rate primarily due to acquisition-related costs, share-based compensation, R&D tax credits, state taxes, and the tax impact of foreign operations.
Our future effective tax rates could be adversely affected by earnings being lower than anticipated in countries where we have lower statutory rates and higher than anticipated in countries where we have higher statutory rates, by changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets or liabilities, or by changes in tax laws, regulations, accounting principles, or interpretations thereof. In addition, we are subject to the continuous examination of our income tax returns by the Internal Revenue Service and other tax authorities. We regularly assess the likelihood of adverse outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes.
On October 22, 2004, the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 (the “Jobs Creation Act”) was signed into law. The Jobs Creation Act created a temporary incentive for U.S. corporations to repatriate accumulated income earned abroad by providing an 85 percent dividends received deduction for certain dividends from controlled foreign corporations. In the first quarter of fiscal 2006, we distributed cash from our foreign subsidiaries and will report an extraordinary dividend (as defined in the Jobs Creation Act) of $1.2 billion and a related tax liability of approximately $63 million in our fiscal 2006 federal income tax return. This amount was previously provided for in the provision for income taxes and is included in income taxes payable.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In July 2006, the FASB issued Financial Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes-an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109” (“FIN 48”), which is a change in accounting for income taxes. FIN 48 specifies how tax benefits for uncertain tax positions are to be recognized, measured, and derecognized in financial statements; requires certain disclosures of uncertain tax matters; specifies how reserves for uncertain tax positions should be classified on the balance sheet; and provides transition and interim-period guidance, among other provisions. FIN 48 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006 and as a result, is effective for us in the first quarter of fiscal 2008. We are currently evaluating the impact of FIN 48 on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
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In September 2006, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 108 (“SAB 108”), “Considering the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements when Quantifying Misstatements in Current Year Financial Statements.” SAB 108 provides interpretative guidance on the process of quantifying financial statement misstatements and is effective for fiscal years ending after November 15, 2006. We applied the provisions of SAB 108 beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2007 and there was no impact to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The following sections discuss the effects of changes in our balance sheet and cash flows, contractual obligations, other commitments, and the stock repurchase program on our liquidity and capital resources.
Balance Sheet and Cash Flows
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Investments 
The following table summarizes our cash and cash equivalents and investments (in millions):

 	  	January 27,
2007	  	July 29,
2006	  	Increase
(Decrease)	 	
Cash and cash equivalents	  	$	2,434	  	$	3,297	  	$	(863	)	
Fixed income securities	  	 	17,194	  	 	13,805	  	 	3,389	 	
Publicly traded equity securities	  	 	1,053	  	 	712	  	 	341	 	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	    20,681	  	$	    17,814	  	$	    2,867	 	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	
The increase in cash and cash equivalents and investments was primarily a result of cash provided by operating activities of $4.9 billion, cash provided by the issuance of common stock of $2.8 billion related to employee stock option exercises and employee stock purchases, and excess tax benefits from share-based compensation of $428 million, partially offset by cash used for the repurchase of common stock of $4.8 billion and capital expenditures of $548 million.
As of January 27, 2007, approximately $5.5 billion of our cash and cash equivalents and investments was held in the United States. The remainder of our cash and cash equivalents and investments was held outside of the United States in various foreign subsidiaries. If these cash and cash equivalents and investments were distributed to the United States in the form of dividends or otherwise, we would be subject to additional U.S. income taxes (subject to an adjustment for foreign tax credits) and foreign withholding taxes.
We expect that cash provided by operating activities may fluctuate in future periods as a result of a number of factors, including fluctuations in our operating results, shipment linearity, accounts receivable collections, inventory management, excess tax benefits from share-based compensation, and the timing and amount of tax and other payments. For  additional discussion, see “Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors” below.
Accounts Receivable, Net 
The following table summarizes our accounts receivable, net (in millions, except DSO):

 	  	January 27,
2007	  	July 29,
2006	  	Increase
(Decrease)	 	
Accounts receivable, net	  	$	    2,908	  	$	    3,303	  	$	(395	)	
DSO	  	 	31	  	 	38	  	 	(7	)	
The decrease in DSO was a result of improved shipment linearity. The rate at which products are shipped during a quarter, which we refer to as shipment linearity, and the rate at which we collect payments, affect our DSO.
 
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Inventories 
The following table summarizes our inventories (in millions, except annualized inventory turns):

 	  	January 27,
2007	  	July 29,
2006	  	Increase
(Decrease)	 	
Raw materials	  	$	178	  	$	131	  	$	47	 	
Work in process	  	 	440	  	 	377	  	 	63	 	
Finished goods:	  			  			  				
Distributor inventory and deferred cost of sales	  	 	456	  	 	423	  	 	33	 	
Manufacturing finished goods	  	 	339	  	 	236	  	 	103	 	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total finished goods	  	 	795	  	 	659	  	 	136	 	
Service-related spares	  	 	193	  	 	170	  	 	23	 	
Demonstration systems	  	 	36	  	 	34	  	 	2	 	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	    1,642	  	$	    1,371	  	$	    271	 	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Annualized inventory turns	  	 	7.8	  	 	8.5	  	 	(0.7	)	
Inventories increased as a result of increased sales, our expectations of higher shipments at the beginning of the third quarter, and an increase in raw materials related to Scientific-Atlanta. Our finished goods consist of distributor inventory and deferred cost of sales and manufacturing finished goods. Distributor inventory and deferred cost of sales are related to unrecognized revenue on shipments to distributors and retail partners and shipments to enterprise and service provider customers. Manufacturing finished goods consist primarily of build-to-order and build-to-stock products. Service-related spares consist of reusable equipment related to our technical support and warranty activities. All inventories are accounted for at the lower of cost or market.
In the third quarter of fiscal 2006, we began the initial implementation of the lean manufacturing model. Over time, consistent with what we have experienced thus far, we expect this process will result in incremental increases in purchase commitments with contract manufacturers and suppliers and corresponding increases in inventory turns. We expect that we will complete our implementation of the lean manufacturing model during fiscal 2008. Inventory management remains an area of focus as we balance the need to maintain strategic inventory levels to ensure competitive lead times with the risk of inventory obsolescence because of rapidly changing technology and customer requirements. We believe the amount of our inventory is appropriate for our revenue levels.
Long-Term Debt 
The following table summarizes our long-term debt (in millions):

 	  	January 27,
2007	 	 	July 29,
2006	 	 	Increase
(Decrease)	
Senior notes:	  				 				 			
Floating-rate notes, due 2009	  	$	500	 	 	$	500	 	 	$	—  	
5.25% fixed-rate notes, due 2011	  	 	3,000	 	 	 	3,000	 	 	 	—  	
5.50% fixed-rate notes, due 2016	  	 	3,000	 	 	 	3,000	 	 	 	—  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total senior notes	  	 	6,500	 	 	 	6,500	 	 	 	—  	
				
Other notes	  	 	5	 	 	 	5	 	 	 	—  	
Unamortized discount	  	 	(17	)	 	 	(18	)	 	 	1	
Fair value adjustment	  	 	(72	)	 	 	(155	)	 	 	83	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	    6,416	 	 	$	    6,332	 	 	$	84	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
In February 2006, we issued $500 million of senior floating interest rate notes due 2009 (the “2009 Notes”), $3.0 billion of 5.25% senior notes due 2011 (the “2011 Notes”) and $3.0 billion of 5.50% senior notes due 2016 (the “2016 Notes”), for an aggregate principal amount of $6.5 billion. The debt issuance was used to fund the acquisition of Scientific-Atlanta and for general corporate purposes. The 2011 Notes and the 2016 Notes are redeemable by us at any time, subject to a make-whole premium. To achieve our interest rate objectives, we entered into $6.0 billion notional amount of interest rate swaps. In effect, these swaps convert the fixed interest rates of the 2011 Notes and the 2016 Notes to floating interest rates based on LIBOR. Gains and losses in the fair value of the interest rate swaps offset changes in the fair value of the underlying debt. See Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. We were in compliance with all debt covenants as of January 27, 2007.
 
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Deferred Revenue 
The following table presents the breakdown of deferred revenue (in millions):

 	  	January 27,
2007	  	July 29,
2006	  	Increase
(Decrease)	
Service	  	$	    4,229	  	$	    4,088	  	$	    141	
Product	  	 	1,832	  	 	1,561	  	 	271	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Total	  	$	6,061	  	$	5,649	  	$	412	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Reported as:	  			  			  			
Current	  	$	4,718	  	$	4,408	  	$	310	
Noncurrent	  	 	1,343	  	 	1,241	  	 	102	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Total	  	$	6,061	  	$	5,649	  	$	412	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
The increase in deferred service revenue reflects a seasonal increase in the volume of technical support contract initiations and renewals partially offset by ongoing amortization of deferred service revenue. The increase in deferred product revenue was related to shipments not having met revenue recognition criteria and the timing of cash receipts related to unrecognized revenue from two-tier distributors.
Contractual Obligations
Operating Leases 
We lease office space in several U.S. locations. Outside the United States, larger sites include Australia, Belgium, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, and the United Kingdom. The future minimum lease payments under all our noncancelable operating leases with an initial term in excess of one year as of January 27, 2007 were $1.4 billion. For additional information see Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Purchase Commitments with Contract Manufacturers and Suppliers 
We purchase components from a variety of suppliers and use several contract manufacturers to provide manufacturing services for our products. During the normal course of business, in order to manage manufacturing lead times and help ensure adequate component supply, we enter into agreements with contract manufacturers and suppliers that either allow them to procure inventory based upon criteria as defined by us or that establish the parameters defining our requirements. In certain instances, these agreements allow us the option to cancel, reschedule, and adjust our requirements based on our business needs prior to firm orders being placed. Consequently, only a portion of our reported purchase commitments arising from these agreements are firm, noncancelable, and unconditional commitments. The purchase commitments for inventory are expected to be fulfilled within one year. As of January 27, 2007, we had total purchase commitments for inventory of $2.5 billion, compared to $2.0 billion as of July 29, 2006. The increase in purchase commitments is due to increased volume, including the impact of lean manufacturing as well as longer lead times of certain components for targeted high-demand products.
In addition to the above, we record a liability for firm, noncancelable, and unconditional purchase commitments for quantities in excess of our future demand forecasts consistent with the valuation of our inventory. As of January 27, 2007, the liability for these purchase commitments was $140 million, compared to $148 million as of July 29, 2006 and was included in other accrued liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Nuova Systems, Inc.
In the first quarter of fiscal 2007, we made an investment in Nuova Systems, which conducts research and development on data center-related products. As a result of this investment, we own approximately 80% of Nuova Systems and have consolidated the results of Nuova Systems in our Consolidated Financial Statements beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2007. This investment includes $50 million of funding and a license to certain of our technology. In addition, upon the occurrence of certain events, we have committed up to $42 million of additional funding to Nuova Systems.
In connection with this investment, Nuova Systems and we have entered into a call option agreement that provides us with the right to purchase the remaining interests of approximately 20% in Nuova Systems. If exercised by us, the call option provides that the minority interest holders would be eligible to receive two milestone payments based on a formula set forth in the call option
 
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agreement. The amounts due under the milestone payments will be recognized by us when it is determined that the exercise of the call option is probable. These amounts will be recorded as compensation expense based on an estimate of the fair value of the amounts earned by the minority interest holders pursuant to a vesting schedule. Subsequent changes to the fair value of the amounts probable of being earned and the continued vesting will result in adjustments to the recorded compensation expense. If we exercise the call option, the potential amount that would be recorded as compensation expense would be up to a maximum of $578 million.
Other Commitments
We have entered into an agreement to invest approximately $800 million in venture funds managed by SOFTBANK that are required to be funded on demand. The total commitment is to be invested in venture funds and as senior debt with entities as directed by SOFTBANK. Our commitment to fund the senior debt is contingent upon the achievement of certain agreed-upon milestones. As of January 27, 2007, we had invested $606 million in the venture funds pursuant to the commitment, compared to $523 million as of July 29, 2006. In addition, as of January 27, 2007 and July 29, 2006, we had invested $49 million in the senior debt pursuant to the commitment, all of which has been repaid.
We also have certain other funding commitments related to our privately held investments that are based on the achievement of certain agreed-upon milestones. The funding commitments were approximately $23 million as of January 27, 2007, compared to approximately $34 million as of July 29, 2006.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We consider our investments in unconsolidated variable interest entities to be off-balance sheet arrangements. In the ordinary course of business, we have investments in privately held companies and provide financing to certain customers through our wholly owned subsidiaries, which may be considered to be variable interest entities. We have evaluated our investments in these privately held companies and customer financings and have determined that there were no significant unconsolidated variable interest entities as of January 27, 2007.
Certain events can require a reassessment of our investments in privately held companies or customer financings to determine if they are variable interest entities and if we would be regarded as the primary beneficiary. As a result of such events, we may be required to make additional disclosures or consolidate these entities. Because we may not control these entities, we may not have the ability to influence these events.
Stock Repurchase Program
In September 2001, our Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program. As of January 27, 2007, our Board of Directors had authorized an aggregate repurchase of up to $47 billion of common stock under this program. The stock repurchase activity under the stock repurchase program during the first six months of fiscal 2007 is summarized as follows (in millions, except per-share amounts):

  	  	Shares
Repurchased	  	Price
per Share	  	Remaining
Amount
Authorized	 	
Balance at July 29, 2006	  	1,931	  	$	18.36	  	$	4,552	 	
Additional authorization on November 15, 2006	  	—  	  	 	—  	  	 	7,000	 	
Repurchase of common stock	  	187	  	 	25.55	  	 	(4,781	)	
	  	 	  			  	 	 	 	
Balance at January 27, 2007	  	2,118	  	$	19.00	  	$	6,771	 	
	  	 	  			  	 	 	 	
The purchase price for the shares of our common stock repurchased was reflected as a reduction to shareholders’ equity. In accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 6, “Status of Accounting Research Bulletins,” we are required to allocate the purchase price of the repurchased shares as (i) a reduction to retained earnings until retained earnings are zero and then as an increase to accumulated deficit and (ii) a reduction of common stock and additional paid-in capital. Issuance of common stock and the tax benefit related to employee stock incentive plans are recorded as an increase to common stock and additional paid-in capital. As a result of future repurchases, we may continue to report an accumulated deficit included in shareholders’ equity in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Our accumulated deficit as of January 27, 2007 is a result of the accounting effect of stock repurchases and is not reflective of our financial performance or our liquidity.
 
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Liquidity and Capital Resource Requirements
Based on past performance and current expectations, we believe our cash and cash equivalents, investments, and cash generated from operations will satisfy our working capital needs, capital expenditures, investment requirements, stock repurchases, contractual obligations, commitments (see Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements), future customer financings, and other liquidity requirements associated with our operations through at least the next 12 months. We believe that the most strategic uses of our cash resources include repurchase of shares, strategic investments to gain access to new technologies, acquisitions, financing activities, and working capital. There are no other transactions, arrangements, or other relationships with unconsolidated entities or other persons that are reasonably likely to materially affect liquidity or the availability of our requirements for capital resources.
 Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Investments
We maintain an investment portfolio of various holdings, types, and maturities. See Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. As of January 27, 2007, these securities are classified as available-for-sale and consequently are recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value with unrealized gains or losses, to the extent unhedged, reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax.
Fixed Income Securities
At any time, a sharp rise in interest rates could have a material adverse impact on the fair value of our fixed income investment portfolio. Conversely, declines in interest rates could have a material adverse impact on interest income for our investment portfolio. Our fixed income instruments are not leveraged as of January 27, 2007, and are held for purposes other than trading.
Publicly Traded Equity Securities
The values of our equity investments in several publicly traded companies are subject to market price volatility. The following tables present the hypothetical fair values of publicly traded equity securities as a result of selected potential decreases and increases in the price of each equity security in the portfolio, excluding hedged equity securities. Potential fluctuations in the price of each equity security in the portfolio of plus or minus 10%, 20%, and 30% were selected based on potential near-term changes in those security prices. The hypothetical fair values as of January 27, 2007 are as follows (in millions):

 	  	Valuation of Securities Given an
X% Decrease in Each Stock’s
Price	  	Fair Value
As of
January 27,
2007	  	Valuation of Securities
Given an X% Increase in Each Stock’s
Price	
 	  	(30%)	  	(20%)	  	(10%)	  		  	10%	  	20%	  	30%	
Publicly traded equity securities	  	$	    597	  	$	    682	  	$	    768	  	$	    853	  	$	    938	  	$	    1,024	  	$	    1,109	
Our equity portfolio consists of securities with characteristics that most closely match the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index or NASDAQ Composite Index. These equity securities are held for purposes other than trading. There were no impairment charges on publicly traded equity securities during the first six months of fiscal 2007 or fiscal 2006.
Investments in Privately Held Companies
We have invested in privately held companies, some of which are in the startup or development stages. These investments are inherently risky because the markets for the technologies or products these companies are developing are typically in the early stages and may never materialize. We could lose our entire initial investment in these companies. These investments are primarily carried at cost, which as of January 27, 2007 was $636 million, compared with $574 million at July 29, 2006, and are recorded in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Our impairment charges on investments in privately held companies were not material.
Our evaluation of investments in private and public companies is based on the fundamentals of the businesses, including, among other factors, the nature of their technologies and potential for financial return.
Long-Term Debt
At any time, a sharp fall in interest rates could have a material adverse impact on the fair value of $6.0 billion of our fixed-rate debt. Conversely, a sharp rise in interest rates could have a material favorable impact. We have entered into $6.0 billion notional amount of interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges, and gains and losses in the fair value of these swaps offset changes in
 
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the fair value of the fixed-rate debt. In effect, these swaps convert the fixed interest rates to floating interest rates based on LIBOR. A sharp change in rates would not have a material impact on the fair value of our $500 million variable-rate debt.
A sharp rise in short-term interest rates could have a material adverse impact on interest expense, while a sharp fall in short-term rates could have a material favorable impact. To mitigate these impacts, we presently invest a portion of our interest-bearing assets in instruments with  similar interest rate characteristics as the swapped debt.
Derivative Instruments
Foreign Currency Derivatives
Our foreign exchange forward and option contracts are summarized as follows (in millions):

 	  	January 27, 2007	 	 	July 29, 2006	 	
 	  	Notional
Amount	  	Fair
Value	 	 	Notional
Amount	  	Fair
Value	 	
Forward contracts:	  			  				 			  				
Purchased	  	$	    1,363	  	$	1	 	 	$	    1,376	  	$	(2	)	
Sold	  	$	534	  	$	(7	)	 	$	554	  	$	(3	)	
Option contracts:	  			  				 			  				
Purchased	  	$	390	  	$	18	 	 	$	591	  	$	    20	 	
Sold	  	$	362	  	$	(1	)	 	$	573	  	$	(2	)	
We enter into foreign exchange forward contracts to reduce the short-term effects of foreign currency fluctuations on receivables, investments, and payables, primarily denominated in Australian, Canadian, Japanese, and several European currencies, including the euro and British pound. Our market risks associated with our foreign currency receivables, investments, and payables relate primarily to variances from our forecasted foreign currency transactions and balances.
Approximately 75% of our operating expenses are U.S.-dollar denominated. To reduce variability in operating expenses caused by the remaining non-U.S.-dollar denominated operating expenses, we periodically hedge certain foreign currency forecasted transactions with currency options and forward contracts with maturities up to 18 months. These hedging programs are not designed to provide foreign currency protection over longer time horizons. In designing a specific hedging approach, we consider several factors, including offsetting exposures, significance of exposures, costs associated with entering into a particular hedge instrument, and potential effectiveness of the hedge. The gains and losses on foreign exchange contracts mitigate the variability in operating expenses associated with currency movements. Primarily because of our limited currency exposure to date, the effect of foreign currency fluctuations has not been material to our Consolidated Financial Statements. The effect of foreign currency fluctuations, net of hedging, increased total research and development, sales and marketing, and general and administrative expenses by approximately 1.5% and 1.0% in the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2007, respectively, compared with the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2006. The impact of foreign currency fluctuations on sales has not been material because our sales are primarily denominated in U.S. dollars.
Our foreign exchange forward contracts related to current assets and liabilities generally range from one to three months in original maturity. Additionally, we have entered into foreign exchange forward contracts related to long-term customer financings with maturities of up to two years. The foreign exchange forward contracts related to investments generally have maturities of less than one year. We do not enter into foreign exchange forward and option contracts for trading purposes. We do not expect gains or losses on these derivative instruments to have a material impact on our financial results. See Note 8 to the Consolidated  Financial Statements.
Interest Rate Derivatives
Our interest rate derivatives are summarized as follows (in millions):

 	  	January 27, 2007	 	 	July 29, 2006	 	
 	  	Notional
amount	  	Fair
value	 	 	Notional
amount	  	Fair
value	 	
Interest rate derivatives:	  			  				 			  				
Interest rate swaps—investments	  	$	    1,000	  	$	    35	 	 	$	    1,000	  	$	        45	 	
Interest rate swaps—long-term debt	  	$	6,000	  	$	(72	)	 	$	6,000	  	$	(155	)	
 
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Our primary objective for holding fixed income securities is to achieve an appropriate investment return consistent with preserving principal and managing risk. To realize these objectives, we may utilize interest rate swaps or other derivatives designated as fair value or cash flow hedges. We have entered into $1.0 billion of interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges of our investment portfolio. Under these interest rate swap contracts, we make fixed-rate interest payments and receive interest payments based on LIBOR. The effect of these swaps is to convert fixed-rate returns to floating-rate returns based on LIBOR for a portion of our fixed income portfolio. The gains and losses related to changes in the value of the interest rate swaps are included in other income, net, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and offset the changes in fair value of the underlying hedged investment. The fair values of the interest rate swaps designated as hedges of our investments were reflected in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
In conjunction with our issuance of fixed-rate senior notes in February 2006, we entered into $6.0 billion of interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges of our fixed-rate debt. Under these interest rate swap contracts, we receive fixed-rate interest payments and make interest payments based on LIBOR. The effect of these swaps is to convert fixed-rate interest expense to floating-rate interest expense based on LIBOR. The gains and losses related to changes in the value of the interest rate swaps are included in other income, net, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and offset the changes in fair value of the underlying debt. The fair values of the interest rate swaps designated as hedges of our debt were reflected in other long-term liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Equity Derivatives
Our equity derivatives are summarized as follows (in millions):

 	  	January 27, 2007	  	July 29, 2006	
 	  	Notional
Amount	  	Fair
Value	  	Notional
Amount	  	Fair
Value	
Equity derivatives:	  			  			  			  			
Forward sale and option agreements	  	$	244	  	$	39	  	$	164	  	$	93	
We maintain a portfolio of publicly traded equity securities which are subject to price risk. We may hold equity securities for strategic purposes or to diversify our overall investment portfolio. To manage our exposure to changes in the fair value of certain equity securities, we may, from time to time, enter into equity derivative contracts. As of January 27, 2007, we have entered into forward sale and option agreements on certain publicly traded equity securities designated as fair value hedges. The gains and losses due to changes in the value of the hedging instruments are included in other income, net, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and offset the change in the fair value of the underlying hedged investment. The fair values of the equity derivatives were reflected in prepaid expenses and other current assets and other accrued liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
 Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures . Based on our management’s evaluation (with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer), as of the end of the period covered by this report, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (the “Exchange Act”)) are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in internal control over financial reporting . There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during our second quarter of fiscal 2007 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
 
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 PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
 Item 1. Legal Proceedings
Beginning on April 20, 2001, a number of purported shareholder class action lawsuits were filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California against us and certain of our officers and directors. The lawsuits were consolidated, and the consolidated action was purportedly brought on behalf of those who purchased our publicly traded securities during an alleged class period of November 10, 1999 through February 6, 2001. On August 18, 2006, we announced an agreement to resolve the litigation. Pursuant to that agreement, liability insurers paid $91.75 million to the plaintiffs in resolution of all claims against us and our officers and directors. The settlement was approved by the Court on December 5, 2006. Plaintiffs had alleged that defendants made false and misleading statements, purported to assert claims for violations of the federal securities laws, and sought unspecified compensatory damages and other relief. We and the individual defendants continue to deny all allegations in the lawsuit.
On February 16, 2005, a purported shareholder derivative lawsuit was filed in the Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara, against various of our officers and directors and naming us as a nominal defendant. In July 2006, the Superior Court dismissed all claims and gave plaintiff until October 2006 in which to file an amended complaint, if plaintiff chose to do so. Pursuant to agreement between the parties, plaintiff has elected not to amend its complaint or file an appeal challenging the Superior Court’s order. The lawsuit had included derivative and class claims for breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, constructive trust and violations of the California Corporations Code, was based upon allegations of wrongdoing in connection with option grants and compensation to officers and directors, the timing of option grants, and our share repurchase plan, and sought unspecified compensation and other damages, rescission of options and other relief.
We and other defendants are subject to patent claims asserted by QPSX Developments 5 Pty Ltd (now known as Ipernica Ltd) against us and such other defendants on June 21, 2005 in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. QPSX alleges that various Cisco switches and routers infringe United States Patent No. 5,689,499 and seeks damages and injunctive relief. Trial is scheduled to begin in April 2007. We believe that we have strong arguments at trial with respect to both non-infringement and invalidity, and believe that damages are not likely to be material. However, due to the uncertainty surrounding the litigation process, we are unable to reasonably estimate the ultimate outcome of this litigation at this time.
We and other defendants are also subject to patent claims asserted by Telcordia Technologies, Inc. against us and such other defendants on July 16, 2004 in the Federal District Court for the District of Delaware. Telcordia alleges that various Cisco routers, switches and optical products infringe United States Patent Nos. 4,893,306, 4,835,763 and Re 36,633, and seeks damages and injunctive relief. Based on the Court’s claim construction order, Telcordia has agreed that we do not infringe Patent No. 4,893,306 but has reserved its right to appeal the Court’s decision. Trial on the remaining claims is scheduled to begin in April 2007. We believe that we have strong arguments at trial with respect to both non-infringement and invalidity, and believe that damages are not likely to be material. However, due to the uncertainty surrounding the litigation process, we are unable to reasonably estimate the ultimate outcome of this litigation at this time.
In September 2005, Scientific-Atlanta, Inc. (which subsequently was acquired by us) and another plaintiff filed a declaratory judgment action against Forgent Networks in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas after Forgent sued various Scientific-Atlanta customers. In the action, Scientific-Atlanta asserted that its products did not infringe Forgent’s United States Patent No. 6,285,746 and that the patent was invalid. On October 20, 2005, Forgent responded to the complaint by alleging that various Scientific-Atlanta digital video recorders infringe the patent and by seeking damages and injunctive relief. Subsequent to that, another declaratory judgment plaintiff moved to intervene and the cases have been combined. Trial is scheduled to begin in May 2007. We believe that we have strong arguments at trial with respect to both non-infringement and invalidity, and believe that damages are not likely to be material. However, due to the uncertainty surrounding the litigation process, we are unable to reasonably estimate the ultimate outcome of this litigation at this time.
In addition, we are subject to legal proceedings, claims, and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business, including intellectual property litigation. While the outcome of these matters is currently not determinable, we do not expect that the ultimate costs to resolve these matters will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. For additional information regarding intellectual property litigation, see “Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors—We may be found to infringe on intellectual property rights of others” herein.
 
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 Item 1A. Risk Factors
Set forth below and elsewhere in this report and in other documents we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) are descriptions of the risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the results contemplated by the forward-looking statements contained in this report. The description below includes any material changes to and supersedes the description of the risk factors affecting our business previously disclosed in “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 29, 2006.
Our operating results may fluctuate in future periods, which may adversely affect our stock price
Our operating results have been in the past, and will continue to be, subject to quarterly and annual fluctuations as a result of numerous factors. These factors include:
 
 	•	 	Fluctuations in demand for our products and services, especially with respect to Internet businesses and telecommunications service providers, in part due to changes in the global economic environment	
 
 	•	 	Changes in sales and implementation cycles for our products and reduced visibility into our customers’ spending plans and associated revenue	
 
 	•	 	Our ability to maintain appropriate inventory levels and purchase commitments	
 
 	•	 	Price and product competition in the communications and networking industries, which can change rapidly due to technological innovation and different business models from various geographic regions	
 
 	•	 	The overall movement toward industry consolidation among both our competitors and our customers	
 
 	•	 	The introduction and market acceptance of new technologies and products and our success in new markets, including emerging and advanced technologies, as well as the adoption of new networking standards	
 
 	•	 	Variations in sales channels, product costs, or mix of products sold	
 
 	•	 	The timing, size, and mix of orders from customers	
 
 	•	 	Manufacturing and customer lead times	
 
 	•	 	Fluctuations in our gross margins, and the factors that contribute to this as described below	
 
 	•	 	Our ability to achieve targeted cost reductions	
 
 	•	 	The ability of our customers, channel partners, and suppliers to obtain financing or to fund capital expenditures	
 
 	•	 	The timing and amount of employer payroll tax to be paid on our employees’ gains on stock options exercised	
 
 	•	 	Actual events, circumstances, outcomes, and amounts differing from judgments, assumptions, and estimates used in determining the values of certain assets (including the amounts of related valuation allowances), liabilities, and other items reflected in our Consolidated Financial Statements	
 
 	•	 	How well we execute on our strategy and operating plans	
 
 	•	 	Benefits anticipated from our investments in engineering, sales and manufacturing activities	
 
 	•	 	Changes in accounting rules, such as recording expenses for employee stock option grants and changes in tax accounting principles	
As a consequence, operating results for a particular future period are difficult to predict, and, therefore, prior results are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected in future periods. Any of the foregoing factors, or any other factors discussed elsewhere herein, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition that could adversely affect our stock price.
 
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Our operating results may be adversely affected by unfavorable economic and market conditions and the uncertain geopolitical environment
Economic conditions worldwide have from time to time contributed to slowdowns in the communications and networking industries at large, as well as to specific segments and markets in which we operate, resulting in:
 
 	•	 	Reduced demand for our products as a result of continued constraints on information technology-related capital spending by our customers, particularly service providers, and other customer markets as well	
 
 	•	 	Increased price competition for our products, not only from our competitors but also as a consequence of customers disposing of unutilized products	
 
 	•	 	Risk of excess and obsolete inventories	
 
 	•	 	Excess facilities and manufacturing capacity	
 
 	•	 	Higher overhead costs as a percentage of revenue and higher interest expense	
Recent turmoil in the geopolitical environment in many parts of the world, including terrorist activities and military actions, particularly the continuing tension in and surrounding Iraq, and changes in energy costs may continue to put pressure on global economic conditions. Our operating results in one or more segments may also be affected by changing economic conditions particularly germane to that segment or to particular customer markets within that segment. If global economic and market conditions, or economic conditions in the United States or other key markets, deteriorate, we may experience material impacts on our business, operating results, and financial condition.
Our revenue for a particular period is difficult to predict, and a shortfall in revenue may harm our operating results
As a result of a variety of factors discussed in this report, our revenue for a particular quarter is difficult to predict. Our net sales may grow at a slower rate than in past periods, or may decline. Our ability to meet financial expectations could also be adversely affected if the nonlinear sales pattern seen in some of our past quarters recurs in future periods. We have experienced periods of time during which shipments have exceeded net bookings, or manufacturing issues have delayed shipments, leading to nonlinearity in shipping patterns. In addition to making it difficult to predict revenue for a particular period, nonlinearity in shipping can increase costs, because irregular shipment patterns result in periods of underutilized capacity and periods in which overtime expenses may be incurred, as well as leading to additional costs arising out of inventory management. In addition, to the extent that manufacturing issues and any related component shortages result in delayed shipments in the future, and particularly in periods in which we and our contract manufacturers are operating at higher levels of capacity, it is possible that revenue for a quarter could be adversely affected if such matters occur and are not remediated within the same quarter.
In addition, to improve customer satisfaction, we continue to attempt to improve our manufacturing lead-time performance, which may result in corresponding reductions in order backlog. A decline in backlog levels could result in more variability and less predictability in our quarter-to-quarter net sales and operating results. Long manufacturing lead times have caused our customers in the past to place the same order multiple times within our various sales channels and to cancel the duplicative orders upon receipt of the product, or to place orders with other vendors with shorter manufacturing lead times. Such multiple ordering (along with other factors) may cause difficulty in predicting our sales and, as a result, could impair our ability to manage parts inventory effectively.
We plan our operating expense levels based primarily on forecasted revenue levels. These expenses and the impact of long-term commitments are relatively fixed in the short term. A shortfall in revenue could lead to operating results being below expectations because we may not be able to quickly reduce these fixed expenses in response to short-term business changes.
Any of the above factors could have a material adverse impact on our operations and financial results.
We expect gross margin to vary over time, and our level of product gross margin may not be sustainable
Our level of product gross margins may not be sustainable and may continue to be adversely affected by numerous factors, including:
 
 	•	 	Changes in customer, geographic, or product mix, including mix of configurations within each product group	
 
 	•	 	Introduction of new products, including products with price-performance advantages	
 
 	•	 	Our ability to reduce production costs	
 
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 	•	 	Entry into new markets, including markets with different pricing and cost structures, through acquisitions, such as our acquisition of Scientific-Atlanta, or internal development	
 
 	•	 	Sales discounts	
 
 	•	 	Increases in material or labor costs	
 
 	•	 	Excess inventory and inventory holding charges	
 
 	•	 	Obsolescence charges	
 
 	•	 	Changes in shipment volume	
 
 	•	 	Loss of cost savings due to changes in component pricing or charges incurred due to inventory holding periods if parts ordering does not correctly anticipate product demand	
 
 	•	 	Lower than expected benefits from value engineering	
 
 	•	 	Increased price competition, including competitors from Asia, especially China	
 
 	•	 	Changes in distribution channels	
 
 	•	 	Increased warranty costs	
 
 	•	 	How well we execute on our strategy and operating plans	
Changes in service gross margin may result from various factors such as changes in the mix between technical support services and advanced services, as well as the timing of technical support service contract initiations and renewals and the addition of personnel and other resources to support higher levels of service business in future periods.
Disruption of or changes in our distribution model could harm our sales and margins
If we fail to manage distribution of our products and services properly, or if our distributors’ financial condition or operations weaken, our revenue and gross margins could be adversely affected.
A substantial portion of our products and services is sold through our channel partners and the remainder is sold through direct sales. Our channel partners include systems integrators, service providers, other resellers, distributors, and retail partners. Systems integrators and service providers typically sell directly to end users and often provide system installation, technical support, professional services, and other support services in addition to network equipment sales. Systems integrators also typically integrate our products into an overall solution, and a number of service providers are also systems integrators. Distributors stock inventory and typically sell to systems integrators, service providers, and other resellers. In addition, home networking products are generally sold through distributors and retail partners. We refer to sales through distributors and retail partners as our two-tier system of sales to the end customer. Revenue from distributors and retail partners is recognized based on a sell-through method using information provided by them. These distributors and retail partners are generally given business terms that allow them to return a portion of inventory, receive credits for changes in selling prices, and participate in various cooperative marketing programs. If sales through indirect channels increase, this may lead to greater difficulty in forecasting the mix of our products and, to a degree, the timing of orders from our customers.
Historically, we have seen fluctuations in our gross margins based on changes in the balance of our distribution channels. Although variability to date has not been significant, there can be no assurance that changes in the balance of our distribution model in future periods would not have an adverse effect on our gross margins and profitability.
Some factors could result in disruption of or changes in our distribution model, which could harm our sales and margins, including the following:
 
 	•	 	We compete with some of our channel partners through our direct sales, which may lead these channel partners to use other suppliers that do not directly sell their own products	
 
 	•	 	Some of our channel partners may demand that we absorb a greater share of the risks that their customers may ask them to bear	
 
 	•	 	Some of our channel partners may have insufficient financial resources and may not be able to withstand changes in business conditions	
 
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Our inventory management relating to our sales to our two-tier distribution channel is complex, and excess inventory may harm our gross margins
We must manage our inventory relating to sales to our distributors and retail partners effectively, because inventory held by them could affect our results of operations. Our distributors and retail partners may increase orders during periods of product shortages, cancel orders if their inventory is too high, or delay orders in anticipation of new products. They also may adjust their orders in response to the supply of our products and the products of our competitors that are available to them and in response to seasonal fluctuations in end-user demand. Revenue to our distributors and retail partners is recognized based on a sell-through method using information provided by them, and they are generally given business terms that allow them to return a portion of inventory, receive credits for changes in selling price, and participate in various cooperative marketing programs. Inventory management remains an area of focus as we balance the need to maintain strategic inventory levels to ensure competitive lead times against the risk of inventory obsolescence because of rapidly changing technology and customer requirements. If we ultimately determine that we have excess inventory, we may have to reduce our prices and write-down inventory, which in turn could result in lower gross margins.
Sales to the service provider market are especially volatile, and weakness in sales orders from this industry may harm our operating results and financial condition
Sales to the service provider market have been characterized by large and often sporadic purchases, especially relating to our router sales and sales of certain of our advanced technologies, in addition to longer sales cycles. We have experienced significant weakness in sales to service providers over certain extended periods of time as market conditions have fluctuated. Sales activity in this industry depends upon the stage of completion of expanding network infrastructures; the availability of funding; and the extent to which service providers are affected by regulatory, economic, and business conditions in the country of operations. Although some service providers may have increased capital expenditures over the depressed levels that have prevailed over the last few years, weakness in orders from this industry could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition. Slowdowns in the general economy, overcapacity, changes in the service provider market, regulatory developments, and constraints on capital availability have had a material adverse effect on many of our service provider customers, with many of these customers going out of business or substantially reducing their expansion plans. These conditions have materially harmed our business and operating results, and we expect that some or all of these conditions may continue for the foreseeable future. Finally, service provider customers typically have longer implementation cycles; require a broader range of services including design services; demand that vendors take on a larger share of risks; often require acceptance provisions, which can lead to a delay in revenue recognition; and expect financing from vendors. All these factors can add further risk to business conducted with service providers.
A shortage of adequate component supply or manufacturing capacity could increase our costs or cause a delay in our ability to fulfill orders, and our failure to estimate customer demand properly may result in excess or obsolete component supply, which could adversely affect our gross margins
Our growth and ability to meet customer demands depend in part on our ability to obtain timely deliveries of parts from our suppliers and contract manufacturers. We have experienced component shortages in the past, including shortages caused by manufacturing process issues, that have affected our operations. We may in the future experience a shortage of certain component parts as a result of our own manufacturing issues, manufacturing issues at our suppliers or contract manufacturers, capacity problems experienced by our suppliers or contract manufacturers, or strong demand in the industry for those parts, especially if the economy grows. Growth in the economy is likely to create greater pressures on us and our suppliers to accurately project overall component demand and component demands within specific product categories and to establish optimal component levels. If shortages or delays persist, the price of these components may increase, or the components may not be available at all, and we may also encounter shortages if we do not accurately anticipate our needs. We may not be able to secure enough components at reasonable prices or of acceptable quality to build new products in a timely manner in the quantities or configurations needed. Accordingly, our revenue and gross margins could suffer until other sources can be developed. Our operating results would also be adversely affected if, anticipating greater demand than actually develops, we commit to the purchase of more components than we need. There can be no assurance that we will not encounter these problems in the future. Although in many cases we use standard parts and components for our products, certain components are presently available only from a single source or limited sources. We may not be able to diversify sources in a timely manner, which could harm our ability to deliver products to customers and seriously impact present and future sales.
We believe that we may be faced with the following challenges in the future:
 
 	•	 	New markets in which we participate may grow quickly, which may make it difficult to quickly obtain significant component capacity	
 
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 	•	 	As we acquire companies and new technologies, we may be dependent, at least initially, on unfamiliar supply chains or relatively small supply partners	
 
 	•	 	We face competition for certain components, which are supply-constrained, from existing competitors and companies in other markets	
Manufacturing capacity and component supply constraints, including those caused by any possible disruption related to our implementation of lean manufacturing, could be significant issues for us. We purchase components from a variety of suppliers and use several contract manufacturers to provide manufacturing services for our products. During the normal course of business, in order to improve manufacturing lead-time performance and to help ensure adequate component supply, we enter into agreements with contract manufacturers and suppliers that either allow them to procure inventory based upon criteria as defined by us or that establish the parameters defining our requirements. In certain instances, these agreements allow us the option to cancel, reschedule, and adjust our requirements based on our business needs prior to firm orders being placed. If we fail to anticipate customer demand properly, an oversupply of parts could result in excess or obsolete components that could adversely affect our gross margins. For additional information regarding our purchase commitments, see Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
A reduction or interruption in supply; a significant increase in the price of one or more components; a failure to adequately authorize procurement of inventory by our contract manufacturers; a failure to appropriately cancel, reschedule, or adjust our requirements based on our business needs; or a decrease in demand for our products could materially adversely affect our business, operating results, and financial condition and could materially damage customer relationships. Furthermore, as a result of binding price or purchase commitments with suppliers, we may be obligated to purchase components at prices that are higher than those available in the current market. In the event that we become committed to purchase components at prices in excess of the current market price when the components are actually used, our gross margins could decrease.
The fact that we do not own the bulk of our manufacturing facilities could have an adverse impact on the supply of our products and on our operating results. Financial problems of contract manufacturers on whom we rely, or reservation of manufacturing capacity by other companies, inside or outside of our industry, could either limit supply or increase costs.
Our key manufacturing facilities for Scientific-Atlanta’s products are located in Juarez, Mexico, and we may be materially and adversely affected by any prolonged disruption in the operation of this facility.
The markets in which we compete are intensely competitive, which could adversely affect our revenue growth
We compete in the networking and communications equipment markets, providing products and services for transporting data, voice, and video traffic across intranets, extranets, and the Internet. These markets are characterized by rapid change, converging technologies, and a migration to networking solutions that offer relative advantages. These market factors represent both an opportunity and a competitive threat to us. We compete with numerous vendors in each product category. The overall number of our competitors providing niche product solutions may increase. Also, the identity and composition of competitors may change as we increase our activity in our advanced technology markets. As we continue to expand our sales globally, we may see new competition in different geographic regions. In particular, we have experienced price-focused competition from competitors in Asia, especially China, and we anticipate this will continue.
Our competitors include 3Com; Alcatel-Lucent; Avaya; Avici Systems; Brocade Communications Systems, Inc.; Check Point Software Technologies; Ciena; D-Link Corporation; Dell; Enterasys Networks; Extreme Networks; F5 Networks, Inc.; Force10 Networks, Inc.; Foundry Networks; Fujitsu; Hewlett-Packard Company; Huawei Technologies; Juniper Networks; Motorola, Inc.; NETGEAR, Inc.; Nokia; Nortel Networks; Siemens AG; and Sycamore Networks; among others.
Some of these companies compete across many of our product lines, while others are primarily focused in a specific product area. Barriers to entry are relatively low, and new ventures to create products that do or could compete with our products are regularly formed. In addition, some of our competitors may have greater resources, including technical and engineering resources, than we do. As we expand into new markets, we will face competition not only from our existing competitors but also from other competitors, including existing companies with strong technological, marketing, and sales positions in those markets. We also sometimes face competition from resellers and distributors of our products. Companies with whom we have strategic alliances in some areas may be competitors in other areas.
The principal competitive factors in the markets in which we presently compete and may compete in the future include:
 
 	•	 	The ability to provide a broad range of networking products and services	
 
 	•	 	Product performance	
 
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 	•	 	Price	
 
 	•	 	The ability to introduce new products, including products with price-performance advantages	
 
 	•	 	The ability to reduce production costs	
 
 	•	 	The ability to provide value-added features such as security, reliability, and investment protection	
 
 	•	 	Conformance to standards	
 
 	•	 	Market presence	
 
 	•	 	The ability to provide financing	
We also face competition from customers to whom we license or supply technology and suppliers from whom we transfer technology. The inherent nature of networking requires interoperability. As such, we must cooperate and at the same time compete with many companies. Any inability to effectively manage these complicated relationships with customers, suppliers, and strategic alliance partners could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition and accordingly affect our chances of success.
We depend upon the development of new products and enhancements to existing products, and if we fail to predict and respond to emerging technological trends and customers’ changing needs, our operating results and market share may suffer
The markets for our products are characterized by rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards, new product introductions, and evolving methods of building and operating networks. Our operating results depend on our ability to develop and introduce new products into existing and emerging markets and to reduce the production costs of existing products. We believe that the Internet and the various networks associated with it, including corporate intranets, cable, broadband and dialup networks, and voice and video networks will evolve to include embedded resources and the virtualization of applications and services to produce an integrated, intelligent system, or as we refer to it, an Intelligent Information Network. This is our vision for the evolution of networking from connectivity products to intelligent systems. As such, many of our strategic initiatives and investments are aimed at meeting the requirements that an Intelligent Information Network would demand. The process of developing new technology is complex and uncertain, and if we fail to accurately predict customers’ changing needs and emerging technological trends our business could be harmed. We must commit significant resources to developing new products before knowing whether our investments will result in products the market will accept. In particular, if our model of the evolution of networking from connectivity products to intelligent systems does not emerge as we believe it will, many of our strategic initiatives and investments may be of no or limited value. Furthermore, we may not execute successfully on that vision because of errors in product planning or timing, technical hurdles that we fail to overcome in a timely fashion, or a lack of appropriate resources. This could result in competitors providing those solutions before we do and loss of market share, net sales, and earnings. The success of new products depends on several factors, including proper new product definition, component costs, timely completion and introduction of these products, differentiation of new products from those of our competitors, and market acceptance of these products. There can be no assurance that we will successfully identify new product opportunities, develop and bring new products to market in a timely manner, or achieve market acceptance of our products or that products and technologies developed by others will not render our products or technologies obsolete or noncompetitive. Specifically, the products and technologies that we identify as “emerging technologies”, such as Cisco TelePresence, or “advanced technologies” may not prove to have the market success we anticipate, and we may not successfully identify and invest in other emerging or advanced technologies.
We are increasing our investment in engineering, sales, and manufacturing activities and these investments may achieve delayed, or lower than expected, benefits which could harm our operating results
We intend to continue to add personnel and other resources to our engineering, sales and manufacturing functions as we focus on developing emerging technologies, the next wave of advanced technologies, growing the commercial market segment, capitalizing on our emerging market opportunities, enhancing our evolving support model and increasing our market share gains. We are likely to recognize the costs associated with these investments earlier than some of the anticipated benefits, and the return on these investments may be lower, or may develop more slowly, than we expect. If we do not achieve the benefits anticipated from these investments, or if the achievement of these benefits is delayed, our operating results may be adversely affected.
 
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Our business substantially depends upon the continued growth of the internet and internet-based systems
A substantial portion of our business and revenue depends on growth of the Internet and on the deployment of our products by customers who depend on the continued growth of the Internet. To the extent that an economic slowdown and reduction in capital spending adversely affect spending on Internet infrastructure, we could experience material harm to our business, operating results, and financial condition.
Because of the rapid introduction of new products and changing customer requirements related to matters such as cost-effectiveness and security, we believe that there could be certain performance problems with Internet communications in the future, which could receive a high degree of publicity and visibility. Because we are a large supplier of networking products, our business, operating results, and financial condition may be materially adversely affected, regardless of whether or not these problems are due to the performance of our own products. Such an event could also result in a material adverse effect on the market price of our common stock independent of direct effects on our business.
Changes in industry structure and market conditions could lead to charges related to discontinuances of certain of our products or businesses and asset impairments
In response to changes in industry and market conditions, we may be required to strategically realign our resources and consider restructuring, disposing of, or otherwise exiting businesses. Any decision to limit investment in or dispose of or otherwise exit businesses may result in the recording of special charges, such as inventory and technology-related write-offs, workforce reduction costs, charges relating to consolidation of excess facilities, or claims from third parties who were resellers or users of discontinued products. Our estimates with respect to the useful life or ultimate recoverability of our carrying basis of assets, including purchased intangible assets, could change as a result of such assessments and decisions. Further, our estimates relating to the liabilities for excess facilities are affected by changes in real estate market conditions. Additionally, we are required to perform goodwill impairment tests on an annual basis and between annual tests in certain circumstances, and future goodwill impairment tests may result in a charge to earnings.
We have made and expect to continue to make acquisitions that could disrupt our operations and harm our operating results
Our growth depends upon market growth, our ability to enhance our existing products, and our ability to introduce new products on a timely basis. We intend to continue to address the need to develop new products and enhance existing products through acquisitions of other companies, product lines, technologies, and personnel. Acquisitions involve numerous risks, including the following:
 
 	•	 	Difficulties in integrating the operations, systems, technologies, products, and personnel of the acquired companies, particularly companies with large and widespread operations and/or complex products, such as Scientific-Atlanta	
 
 	•	 	Diversion of management’s attention from normal daily operations of the business and the challenges of managing larger and more widespread operations resulting from acquisitions	
 
 	•	 	Potential difficulties in completing projects associated with in-process research and development	
 
 	•	 	Difficulties in entering markets in which we have no or limited direct prior experience and where competitors in such markets have stronger market positions	
 
 	•	 	Initial dependence on unfamiliar supply chains or relatively small supply partners	
 
 	•	 	Insufficient revenue to offset increased expenses associated with acquisitions	
 
 	•	 	The potential loss of key employees, customers, distributors, vendors and other business partners of the companies we acquire following and continuing after announcement of acquisition plans	
Acquisitions may also cause us to:
 
 	•	 	Issue common stock that would dilute our current shareholders’ percentage ownership	
 
 	•	 	Use a substantial portion of our cash resources or incur debt as we did in February 2006 when we issued and sold $6.5 billion in senior unsecured notes to fund our acquisition of Scientific-Atlanta	
 
 	•	 	Significantly increase our interest expense, leverage and debt service requirements if we incur additional debt to pay for an acquisition	
 
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 	•	 	Assume liabilities	
 
 	•	 	Record goodwill and nonamortizable intangible assets that are subject to impairment testing on a regular basis and potential periodic impairment charges	
 
 	•	 	Incur amortization expenses related to certain intangible assets	
 
 	•	 	Incur large and immediate write-offs and restructuring and other related expenses	
 
 	•	 	Become subject to intellectual property or other litigation	
Mergers and acquisitions of high-technology companies are inherently risky and subject to many factors outside of our control, and no assurance can be given that our previous or future acquisitions will be successful and will not materially adversely affect our business, operating results, or financial condition. Failure to manage and successfully integrate acquisitions could materially harm our business and operating results. Prior acquisitions have resulted in a wide range of outcomes, from successful introduction of new products and technologies to an inability to do so. Even when an acquired company has already developed and marketed products, there can be no assurance that product enhancements will be made in a timely fashion or that preacquisition due diligence will have identified all possible issues that might arise with respect to such products.
From time to time, we have made acquisitions that resulted in in-process research and development expenses being charged in an individual quarter. These charges may occur in any particular quarter, resulting in variability in our quarterly earnings. In addition, our effective tax rate for future periods is uncertain, and could be impacted by mergers and acquisitions. Risks related to new product development also apply to acquisitions. Please see the risk factors above, including the risk factor entitled “We depend upon the development of new products and enhancements to existing products, and if we fail to predict and respond to emerging technological trends and customers’ changing needs, our operating results and market share may suffer” for additional information.
Entrance into new or developing markets exposes us to additional competition and will likely increase demands on our service and support operations
As we focus on new market opportunities—for example, storage; wireless; security; and transporting data, voice, and video traffic across the same network, and other advanced technologies and emerging technologies —we will increasingly compete with large telecommunications equipment suppliers as well as startup companies. Several of our competitors may have greater resources, including technical and engineering resources, than we do. Additionally, as customers in these markets complete infrastructure deployments, they may require greater levels of service, support, and financing than we have provided in the past. Demand for these types of service or financing contracts may increase in the future. There can be no assurance that we can provide products, service, support, and financing to effectively compete for these market opportunities. Further, provision of greater levels of services by us may result in a delay in the timing of revenue recognition. In addition, entry into other markets, including our entry into the consumer market, has subjected and will subject us to additional risks, particularly to those markets, including the effects of general market conditions and reduced consumer confidence.
Product quality problems could lead to reduced revenue, gross margins, and net income
We produce highly complex products that incorporate leading-edge technology, including both hardware and software. Software typically contains bugs that can unexpectedly interfere with expected operations. There can be no assurance that our preshipment testing programs will be adequate to detect all defects, either ones in individual products or ones that could affect numerous shipments, which might interfere with customer satisfaction, reduce sales opportunities, or affect gross margins. In the past, we have had to replace certain components and provide remediation in response to the discovery of defects or bugs in products that we had shipped. Although the cost of such remediation has not been material in the past, there can be no assurance that such a remediation, depending on the product involved, would not have a material impact. An inability to cure a product defect could result in the failure of a product line, temporary or permanent withdrawal from a product or market, damage to our reputation, inventory costs, or product reengineering expenses, any of which could have a material impact on our revenue, margins, and net income.
Industry consolidation may lead to increased competition and may harm our operating results
There has been a trend toward industry consolidation in our markets for several years. We expect this trend to continue as companies attempt to strengthen or hold their market positions in an evolving industry and as companies are acquired or are unable to continue operations. We believe that industry consolidation may result in stronger competitors that are better able to compete as sole-source vendors for customers. This could lead to more variability in our operating results and could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition. Furthermore, particularly in the service provider market, rapid consolidation
 
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will lead to fewer customers, with the effect that loss of a major customer could have a material impact on results not anticipated in a customer marketplace composed of more numerous participants.
Due to the global nature of our operations, political or economic changes or other factors in a specific country or region could harm our operating results and financial condition
We conduct significant sales and customer support operations in countries outside of the United States, maintain a manufacturing facility for a substantial portion of our video systems products in Juarez, Mexico, and also depend on non-U.S. operations of our contract manufacturers and our distribution partners. For the first six months of fiscal 2007 and fiscal 2006, we derived approximately 47.1% and 48.8%, respectively, of our net sales from sales outside the United States. Accordingly, our future results could be materially adversely affected by a variety of uncontrollable and changing factors, any or all of which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition, including, among others, foreign currency exchange rates; political or social unrest, economic instability or natural disasters in a specific country or region; environmental and trade protection measures and other regulatory requirements, which may affect our ability to import our products to, export our products from, or sell our products in various countries; political considerations that affect service provider and government spending patterns; health or similar issues, such as a pandemic or epidemic; difficulties in staffing and managing international operations; and adverse tax consequences, including imposition of withholding or other taxes on payments by subsidiaries. Recently our Emerging Markets theater has been the fastest growing of our business segments, and our growth depends in part on our continuing to increase sales into this theater. We believe that many of the factors described in this paragraph may have a greater potential to adversely affect our business with countries in our Emerging Markets theater than with many of the countries in our other theaters.
We are exposed to fluctuations in currency exchange rates that could negatively impact our financial results and cash flows
Because a significant portion of our business is conducted outside the United States, we face exposure to adverse movements in foreign currency exchange rates. These exposures may change over time as business practices evolve, and they could have a material adverse impact on our financial results and cash flows. Historically, our primary exposures have related to nondollar-denominated sales in Japan, Canada, and Australia and certain non-dollar-denominated operating expenses in Europe, Latin America, and Asia, where we sell primarily in U.S. dollars. Additionally, we have exposures to emerging market currencies, which can have extreme currency volatility. An increase in the value of the dollar could increase the real cost to our customers of our products in those markets outside the United States where we sell in dollars, and a weakened dollar could increase the cost of local operating expenses and procurement of raw materials to the extent that we must purchase components in foreign currencies.
Currently, we enter into foreign exchange forward contracts to reduce the short-term impact of foreign currency fluctuations on certain foreign currency receivables, investments, and payables. In addition, we periodically hedge anticipated foreign currency cash flows. Our attempts to hedge against these risks may not be successful, resulting in an adverse impact on our net income.
We are exposed to the credit risk of some of our customers and to credit exposures in weakened markets, which could result in material losses
Most of our sales are on an open credit basis, with typical payment terms of 30 days in the United States and, because of local customs or conditions, longer in some markets outside the United States. We monitor individual customer payment capability in granting such open credit arrangements, seek to limit such open credit to amounts we believe the customers can pay, and maintain reserves we believe are adequate to cover exposure for doubtful accounts. Beyond our open credit arrangements, we have also experienced demands for customer financing and facilitation of leasing arrangements. We expect demand for customer financing to continue. We believe customer financing is a competitive factor in obtaining business, particularly in supplying customers involved in significant infrastructure projects. Our loan financing arrangements may include not only financing the acquisition of our products and services but also providing additional funds for other costs associated with network installation and integration of our products and services and for working capital purposes. We do not recognize revenue on customer loan financing arrangements until cash payments are received.
Our exposure to the credit risks relating to our financing activities described above may increase if there is an economic slowdown. Although we have programs in place that are designed to monitor and mitigate the associated risk, including monitoring of particular risks in certain geographic areas, there can be no assurance that such programs will be effective in reducing our credit risks. There have been significant bankruptcies among customers both on open credit and with loan or lease financing arrangements, particularly among Internet businesses and service providers, causing us to incur economic or financial losses. There can be no assurance that additional losses will not be incurred. Although these losses have not been material to date, future losses, if incurred,
 
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could harm our business and have a material adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition. A portion of our sales is derived through our distributors and retail partners. These distributors and retail partners are generally given business terms that allow them to return a portion of inventory, receive credits for changes in selling prices, and participate in various cooperative marketing programs. We maintain estimated accruals and allowances for such business terms. However, distributors tend to have more limited financial resources than other resellers and end-user customers and therefore represent potential sources of increased credit risk because they may be more likely to lack the reserve resources to meet payment obligations.
Our proprietary rights may prove difficult to enforce
We generally rely on patents, copyrights, trademarks, and trade secret laws to establish and maintain proprietary rights in our technology and products. Although we have been issued numerous patents and other patent applications are currently pending, there can be no assurance that any of these patents or other proprietary rights will not be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented or that our rights will, in fact, provide competitive advantages to us. Furthermore, many key aspects of networking technology are governed by industrywide standards, which are usable by all market entrants. In addition, there can be no assurance that patents will be issued from pending applications or that claims allowed on any patents will be sufficiently broad to protect our technology. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries may not protect our proprietary rights to the same extent as do the laws of the United States. The outcome of any actions taken in these foreign countries may be different than if such actions were determined under the laws of the United States. Although we are not dependent on any individual patents or group of patents for particular segments of the business for which we compete, if we are unable to protect our proprietary rights to the totality of the features (including aspects of products protected other than by patent rights) in a market, we may find ourselves at a competitive disadvantage to others who need not incur the substantial expense, time, and effort required to create innovative products that have enabled us to be successful.
We may be found to infringe on intellectual property rights of others
Third parties, including customers, have in the past and may in the future assert claims or initiate litigation related to exclusive patent, copyright, trademark, and other intellectual property rights to technologies and related standards that are relevant to us. These assertions have increased over time as a result of our growth and the general increase in the pace of patent claims assertions, particularly in the United States. Because of the existence of a large number of patents in the networking field, the secrecy of some pending patents, and the rapid rate of issuance of new patents, it is not economically practical or even possible to determine in advance whether a product or any of its components infringes or will infringe on the patent rights of others. The asserted claims and/or initiated litigation can include claims against us or our manufacturers, suppliers, or customers, alleging infringement of their proprietary rights with respect to our existing or future products or components of those products. Regardless of the merit of these claims, they can be time-consuming, result in costly litigation and diversion of technical and management personnel, or require us to develop a non-infringing technology or enter into license agreements. Where claims are made by customers, resistance even to unmeritorious claims could damage customer relationships. There can be no assurance that licenses will be available on acceptable terms and conditions, if at all, or that our indemnification by our suppliers will be adequate to cover our costs if a claim were brought directly against us or our customers. Furthermore, because of the potential for high court awards that are not necessarily predictable, it is not unusual to find even arguably unmeritorious claims settled for significant amounts. If any infringement or other intellectual property claim made against us by any third party is successful, or if we fail to develop non-infringing technology or license the proprietary rights on commercially reasonable terms and conditions, our business, operating results, and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.
Our exposure to risks associated with the use of intellectual property may be increased as a result of acquisitions, as we have a lower level of visibility into the development process with respect to such technology or the care taken to safeguard against infringement risks. Further, in the past, third parties have made infringement and similar claims after we have acquired technology that had not been asserted prior to our acquisition.
We rely on the availability of third-party licenses
Many of our products are designed to include software or other intellectual property licensed from third parties. It may be necessary in the future to seek or renew licenses relating to various aspects of these products. There can be no assurance that the necessary licenses would be available on acceptable terms, if at all. The inability to obtain certain licenses or other rights or to obtain such licenses or rights on favorable terms, or the need to engage in litigation regarding these matters, could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition. Moreover, the inclusion in our products of software or other intellectual property licensed from third parties on a nonexclusive basis could limit our ability to protect our proprietary rights in our products.
 
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Our operating results and future prospects could be materially harmed by uncertainties of regulation of the internet
Currently, few laws or regulations apply directly to access or commerce on the Internet. We could be materially adversely affected by regulation of the Internet and Internet commerce in any country where we operate. Such regulations could include matters such as voice over the Internet or using IP, encryption technology, sales taxes on Internet product sales, and access charges for Internet service providers. The adoption of regulation of the Internet and Internet commerce could decrease demand for our products and, at the same time, increase the cost of selling our products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition.
Changes in telecommunications regulation and tariffs could harm our prospects and future sales
Changes in telecommunications requirements in the United States or other countries could affect the sales of our products. In particular, we believe that there may be future changes in U.S. telecommunications regulations that could slow the expansion of the service providers’ network infrastructures and materially adversely affect our business, operating results, and financial condition.
Future changes in tariffs by regulatory agencies or application of tariff requirements to currently untariffed services could affect the sales of our products for certain classes of customers. Additionally, in the United States, our products must comply with various Federal Communications Commission requirements and regulations. In countries outside of the United States, our products must meet various requirements of local telecommunications authorities. Changes in tariffs or failure by us to obtain timely approval of products could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition.
Failure to retain and recruit key personnel would harm our ability to meet key objectives
Our success has always depended in large part on our ability to attract and retain highly skilled technical, managerial, sales, and marketing personnel. Competition for these personnel is intense, especially in the Silicon Valley area of Northern California. Stock option grants are designed to reward employees for their long-term contributions and provide incentives for them to remain with us. Volatility, lack of positive performance in our stock price, or changes to our overall compensation program, including our stock incentive program, resulting from the adoption of SFAS 123(R) or otherwise, may also adversely affect our ability to retain key employees. As a result of one or more of these factors, we may increase our hiring in geographic areas outside the United States, which could subject us to additional geopolitical and exchange rate risk. The loss of services of any of our key personnel, the inability to retain and attract qualified personnel in the future, or delays in hiring required personnel, particularly engineering and sales personnel, could make it difficult to meet key objectives, such as timely and effective product introductions. In addition, companies in the networking industry whose employees accept positions with competitors frequently claim that competitors have engaged in improper hiring practices. We have received these claims in the past and may receive additional claims to this effect in the future.
Adverse resolution of litigation may harm our operating results or financial condition
We are a party to lawsuits in the normal course of our business. Litigation can be expensive, lengthy, and disruptive to normal business operations. Moreover, the results of complex legal proceedings are difficult to predict. An unfavorable resolution of a particular lawsuit could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, or financial condition. For additional information regarding certain of the lawsuits in which we are involved, see Item 1, “Legal Proceedings,” contained in Part II of this report.
Changes in effective tax rates or adverse outcomes resulting from examination of our income tax returns could adversely affect our results
Our future effective tax rates could be adversely affected by earnings being lower than anticipated in countries where we have lower statutory rates and higher than anticipated in countries where we have higher statutory rates, by changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, or by changes in tax laws, regulations, accounting principles or interpretations thereof. Further, as a result of certain ongoing employment and capital investment commitments made by us, our income in certain countries is subject to reduced tax rates, and in some cases is wholly exempt from tax. Our failure to meet such commitments could adversely impact our effective tax rate. In addition, we are subject to the continuous examination of our income tax returns by the Internal Revenue Service and other tax authorities. We regularly assess the likelihood of adverse outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes. There can be no assurance that the outcomes from these continuous examinations will not have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition.
 
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Our business and operations are especially subject to the risks of earthquakes, floods, and other natural catastrophic events
Our corporate headquarters, including certain of our research and development operations and our manufacturing facilities, are located in the Silicon Valley area of Northern California, a region known for seismic activity. Additionally, a certain number of our facilities, including one of our manufacturing facilities, are located near rivers that have experienced flooding in the past. A significant natural disaster, such as an earthquake, a hurricane, or a flood, could have a material adverse impact on our business, operating results, and financial condition.
Manmade problems such as computer viruses or terrorism may disrupt our operations and harm our operating results
Despite our implementation of network security measures, our servers are vulnerable to computer viruses, break-ins, and similar disruptions from unauthorized tampering with our computer systems. Any such event could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition. Efforts to limit the ability of malicious third parties to disrupt the operations of the Internet or undermine our own security efforts may meet with resistance. In addition, the continued threat of terrorism and heightened security and military action in response to this threat, or any future acts of terrorism, may cause further disruptions to the economies of the United States. and other countries and create further uncertainties or otherwise materially harm our business, operating results, and financial condition. Likewise, events such as widespread blackouts could have similar negative impacts. To the extent that such disruptions or uncertainties result in delays or cancellations of customer orders or the manufacture or shipment of our products, our business, operating results, and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.
We are exposed to fluctuations in the market values of our portfolio investments and in interest rates; impairment of our investments could harm our earnings
We maintain an investment portfolio of various holdings, types, and maturities. These securities are generally classified as available-for-sale and, consequently, are recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value with unrealized gains or losses reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax. Part of this portfolio includes equity investments in publicly traded companies, the values of which are subject to market price volatility to the extent unhedged. If the public equities market declines, we may recognize in earnings the decline in fair value of our publicly traded equity investments below the cost basis when the decline is judged to be other-than-temporary. For information regarding the sensitivity of and risks associated with the market value of portfolio investments and interest rates, refer to the section titled “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” included in this report and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended July 29, 2006. Our investments in private companies are subject to risk of loss of investment capital. These investments are inherently risky because the markets for the technologies or products they have under development are typically in the early stages and may never materialize. We could lose our entire investment in these companies.
If we do not successfully manage our strategic alliances, we may experience increased competition or delays in product development
We have several strategic alliances with large and complex organizations and other companies with whom we work to offer complementary products and services. These arrangements are generally limited to specific projects, the goal of which is generally to facilitate product compatibility and adoption of industry standards. If successful, these relationships may be mutually beneficial and result in industry growth. However, these alliances carry an element of risk because, in most cases, we must compete in some business areas with a company with which we have a strategic alliance and, at the same time, cooperate with that company in other business areas. Also, if these companies fail to perform or if these relationships fail to materialize as expected, we could suffer delays in product development or other operational difficulties.
We are required to recognize expense for share-based compensation related to employee share-based awards, and there is no assurance that the expense that we are required to recognize measures accurately the value of our share-based payment awards, and the recognition of this expense could cause the trading price of our common stock to decline
On July 31, 2005, we adopted SFAS 123(R), which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based compensation based on estimated fair values. As a result, starting with fiscal 2006, our operating results contain a charge for employee share-based compensation expense. This charge is in addition to share-based compensation expense we recognized prior to fiscal 2006 related to acquisitions and investments. The application of SFAS 123(R) requires the use of an option-pricing model to
 
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determine the fair value of share-based payment awards. This determination of fair value is affected by our stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. These variables include, but are not limited to, our expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards, and actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors. Option-pricing models were developed for use in estimating the value of traded options that have no vesting or hedging restrictions and are fully transferable. Because our employee stock options have certain characteristics that are significantly different from traded options, and because changes in the subjective assumptions can materially affect the estimated value, in management’s opinion the existing valuation models may not provide an accurate measure of the fair value of our employee stock options. Although the fair value of employee stock options is determined in accordance with SFAS 123(R) and SAB 107 using an option-pricing model, that value may not be indicative of the fair value observed in a willing buyer/willing seller market transaction.
As a result of the adoption of SFAS 123(R), beginning with fiscal 2006, our earnings were lower than they would have been had we not been required to adopt SFAS 123(R). This will continue to be the case for future periods. We cannot predict the effect that this adverse impact on our reported operating results will have on the trading price of our common stock.
Our stock price may be volatile
Historically, our common stock has experienced substantial price volatility, particularly as a result of variations between our actual financial results and the published expectations of analysts and as a result of announcements by our competitors and us. Furthermore, speculation in the press or investment community about our strategic position, financial condition, results of operations, business, security of our products or significant transactions can cause changes in our stock price. In addition, the stock market has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected the market price of many technology companies, in particular, and that have often been unrelated to the operating performance of these companies. These factors, as well as general economic and political conditions and the announcement of proposed and completed acquisitions or other significant transactions, or any difficulties associated with such transactions, by us or our current or potential competitors, may materially adversely affect the market price of our common stock in the future. Additionally, volatility, lack of positive performance in our stock price or changes to our overall compensation program including our stock incentive program may adversely affect our ability to retain key employees, virtually all of whom are compensated, in part, based on the performance of our stock price.
We have issued $6.5 billion of senior unsecured notes, and there can be no assurance that our operating results and financial condition will not be adversely affected
On February 22, 2006, we issued senior unsecured notes in an aggregate principal amount of $6.5 billion that mature at specific dates in 2009, 2011 and 2016. The notes that mature in 2009 bear floating-rate interest payable quarterly while the notes that mature in 2011 and 2016 bear fixed-rate interest payable semi-annually. We have entered into certain interest rate swaps to, in effect, convert the interest rates of the fixed interest notes into floating-rates based on LIBOR. Higher short-term interest rates would accordingly result in increased interest expense. While we presently mitigate this risk by investing a portion of our interest-bearing assets in instruments with similar interest rate characteristics as the swapped debt, there can be no assurance that we will maintain a matched portfolio in the future. The instruments governing the notes contain certain covenants applicable to us and our subsidiaries that may adversely affect our ability to incur certain liens or engage in certain types of sale and leaseback transactions. We have not previously undertaken substantial amounts of debt for borrowed money. There can be no assurance that our incurrence of this debt will be a better means of providing liquidity to us than would our use of our existing cash resources, including cash currently held offshore. Further, we cannot be assured that our maintenance of this indebtedness will not adversely affect our operating results or financial condition. In addition, changes by any rating agency to our credit rating can negatively impact the value and liquidity of both our debt and equity securities.
 
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 Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
(a) None.
(b) None.
(c) Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities (in millions, except per-share amounts)

Period	  	Total
Number of
Shares
Purchased (1)	  	Average
Price Paid
per Share	  	Total Number of Shares
Purchased as Part of
Publicly Announced
Plans or Programs (2)	  	Approximate Dollar
Value of Shares That
May Yet Be
Purchased Under the
Plans or Programs (2)	
October 29, 2006 to November 25, 2006	  	26	  	$	26.06	  	26	  	$	9,372	
November 26, 2006 to December 23, 2006	  	56	  	$	27.13	  	55	  	$	7,879	
December 24, 2006 to January 27, 2007	  	40	  	$	27.46	  	40	  	$	6,771	
	  	 	  			  	 	  			
Total	  	122	  	$	27.01	  	121	  			

(1)	Includes an insignificant number of shares repurchased to satisfy tax withholding obligations that arise on the vesting of shares of restricted stock.	
(2)	On September 13, 2001, we announced that our Board of Directors had authorized a stock repurchase program. As of January 27, 2007, our Board of Directors had authorized the repurchase of up to $47 billion of common stock under this program, which includes the November 15, 2006 authorization to repurchase up to an additional $7 billion of our common stock with no termination date. During the second quarter of fiscal 2007, we repurchased and retired 121 million shares of our common stock at an average price of $27.01 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $3.3 billion. As of January 27, 2007, we had repurchased and retired 2.1 billion shares of our common stock at an average price of $19.00 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $40.2 billion since inception of the stock repurchase program, and the remaining authorized amount for stock repurchases under this program was $6.8 billion with no termination date.	
 Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
 Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
We held our Annual Meeting of Shareholders on November 15, 2006. At the meeting, our shareholders voted on the following five proposals and cast their votes as follows:
Proposal 1: To elect ten members of our Board of Directors:

Nominee	 	For	 	Withhold	
			
Carol A. Bartz	 	5,262,082,045	 	66,966,298	
M. Michele Burns	 	5,268,974,842	 	60,073,501	
Michael D. Capellas	 	5,266,025,672	 	63,022,671	
Larry R. Carter	 	5,261,275,181	 	67,773,162	
John T. Chambers	 	5,205,719,436	 	123,328,907	
Dr. John L. Hennessy	 	5,270,695,764	 	58,352,579	
Richard M. Kovacevich	 	5,241,323,023	 	87,725,320	
Roderick C. McGeary	 	5,262,616,085	 	66,432,258	
Steven M. West	 	5,268,166,125	 	60,882,218	
Jerry Yang	 	5,267,830,537	 	61,217,806	
Proposal 2: To ratify the appointment of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending July 28, 2007:

For	 	Against	 	Abstain	 	Broker Non-votes	
				
5,214,126,572	 	71,403,896	 	43,516,926	 	0	
 
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Proposal 3: A shareholder proposal that our Board of Directors adopt a policy that a significant portion of future equity compensation grants to senior executives shall be shares of stock that require the achievement of performance goals as a prerequisite to vesting:

For	 	Against	 	Abstain	 	Broker Non-votes	
				
1,728,287,412	 	2,289,219,716	 	56,809,131	 	1,254,732,084	
Proposal 4: A shareholder proposal that our Board’s Compensation Committee initiate a review of our company’s executive compensation policies and make available, upon request, a report of that review by January 1, 2007:

For	 	Against	 	Abstain	 	Broker Non-votes	
				
455,097,647	 	3,487,741,545	 	131,481,038	 	1,254,728,113	
Proposal 5: A shareholder proposal that our Board publish a report to shareholders within six months providing a summarized listing and assessment of concrete steps our company could reasonably take to reduce the likelihood that its business practices might enable or encourage the violation of human rights, including freedom of expression and privacy, or otherwise encourage or enable fragmentation of the Internet:

For	 	Against	 	Abstain	 	Broker Non-votes	
				
1,026,424,432	 	2,529,067,623	 	518,837,974	 	1,254,718,314	
 Item 5. Other Information
None.
 Item 6. Exhibits
The following documents are filed as Exhibits to this report:

3.2	  	Amended and Restated Bylaws of Cisco Systems, Inc., as currently in effect (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Form 8-K (File No. 000-18225) filed November 16, 2006)	
		
31.1	  	Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Principal Executive Officer	
		
31.2	  	Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Principal Financial Officer	
		
32.1	  	Section 1350 Certification of Principal Executive Officer	
		
32.2	  	Section 1350 Certification of Principal Financial Officer	
 
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 SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
Date: February 19, 2007

 	 	Cisco Systems, Inc.	
			
	 	By:	 	/s/ D ENNIS D. P OWELL	
	 		 	Dennis D. Powell, Senior Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer and duly authorized signatory)	
 
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EXHIBIT INDEX

EXHIBIT
NO.	  	 	
		
3.2	  	Amended and Restated Bylaws of Cisco Systems, Inc., as currently in effect (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Form 8-K (File No. 000-18225) filed November 16, 2006)	
		
31.1	  	Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Principal Executive Officer	
		
31.2	  	Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Principal Financial Officer	
		
32.1	  	Section 1350 Certification of Principal Executive Officer	
		
32.2	  	Section 1350 Certification of Principal Financial Officer	

Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO
EXCHANGE ACT RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, John T. Chambers, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Cisco Systems, Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: February 19, 2007

/s/     J OHN T. C HAMBERS	
John T. Chambers
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)	
 
Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO
EXCHANGE ACT RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Dennis D. Powell, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Cisco Systems, Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: February 19, 2007

/s/    D ENNIS D. P OWELL	
Dennis D. Powell
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)	

Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, John T. Chambers, do hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:
 
 	•	 	the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended January 27, 2007, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and	
 
 	•	 	the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.	
Date: February 19, 2007

/s/    J OHN T. C HAMBERS	
John T. Chambers
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)	
 
Exhibit 32.2
CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Dennis D. Powell, do hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:
 
 	•	 	the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended January 27, 2007, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and	
 
 	•	 	the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.	
Date: February 19, 2007

/s/    D ENNIS D. P OWELL	
Dennis D. Powell
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)