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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)
 
x 	ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934	
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009.
OR
 
¨ 	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934	
For the transition period from             to             .
Commission file number: 000-21088

VICAL INCORPORATED
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 
			
Delaware	 	93-0948554	
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)	 	(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)	
		
10390 Pacific Center Court, San Diego, California	 	92121-4340	
(Address of principal executive offices)	 	(Zip Code)	
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (858) 646-1100
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	 	Name of each exchange on which registered	
Common Stock, $0.01 par value	 	The Nasdaq Global Market	
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.   ¨     Yes     x   No
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act.   ¨     Yes     x   No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.   x     Yes     ¨   No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).   ¨     Yes     ¨   No
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.   x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company.
Large accelerated filer   ¨         Accelerated filer   x         Non-accelerated filer   ¨         Smaller reporting company   ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    ¨      Yes     x   No
The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based upon the last sale price of the registrant’s common stock reported on the Nasdaq Global Market on June 30, 2009, was approximately $114,513,396.
The number of shares of common stock outstanding as of February 23, 2010, was 56,175,725.

Documents Incorporated by Reference:
			
Document	 	Part of Form 10-K	
Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of
Stockholders to be held May 25, 2010	 	Part III	

 

Table of Contents
 VICAL INCORPORATED
FORM 10-K
INDEX

PART I.	  		  		
ITEM 1.	  	Business	  	3	
ITEM 1A.	  	Risk Factors	  	27	
ITEM 1B.	  	Unresolved Staff Comments	  	37	
ITEM 2.	  	Properties	  	37	
ITEM 3.	  	Legal Proceedings	  	37	
ITEM 4.	  	Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders	  	37	
PART II.	  		  		
ITEM 5.	  	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	  	38	
ITEM 6.	  	Selected Financial Data	  	40	
ITEM 7.	  	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	  	41	
ITEM 7A.	  	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	  	49	
ITEM 8.	  	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	  	51	
ITEM 9.	  	Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	  	77	
ITEM 9A.	  	Controls and Procedures	  	77	
ITEM 9B.	  	Other Information	  	78	
PART III.	  		  		
ITEM 10.	  	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	  	79	
ITEM 11.	  	Executive Compensation	  	79	
ITEM 12.	  	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	  	79	
ITEM 13.	  	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	  	79	
ITEM 14.	  	Principal Accountant Fees and Services	  	79	
PART IV.	  		  		
ITEM 15.	  	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	  	80	
Signatures	  	84	
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
In addition to historical information, this Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, including statements regarding our business, our financial position, the research and development of biopharmaceutical products based on our patented DNA delivery technologies, and other statements describing our goals, expectations, intentions or beliefs. Such statements reflect our current views and assumptions and are subject to risks and uncertainties, particularly those inherent in the process of developing and commercializing biopharmaceutical products based on our patented DNA delivery technologies. Actual results could differ materially from those discussed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those identified in Item 1A entitled “Risk Factors” beginning on page 24 of this report, as well as those discussed in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, including our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. As a result, you are cautioned not to unduly rely on these forward-looking statements. We disclaim any duty to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances that occur after the date on which such statement is made.
 
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PART I
 ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Overview
We research and develop biopharmaceutical products based on our patented DNA delivery technologies for the prevention and treatment of serious or life-threatening diseases. We believe the following areas of research offer the greatest potential for near-term commercialization for us and our partners:
 
 	•	 	Vaccines for use in high-risk populations for infectious disease targets for which there are significant needs;	
 
 	•	 	Vaccines for general pediatric, adolescent and adult populations for infectious disease applications;	
 
 	•	 	Cancer vaccines or immunotherapies which complement our existing programs and core expertise; and	
 
 	•	 	Gene-based delivery of therapeutic proteins, such as angiogenic growth factors, for treatment of cardiovascular diseases.	
We currently have five active independent clinical and preclinical development programs in the areas of infectious disease and cancer including:
 
 	•	 	A fully enrolled Phase 3 clinical trial using our Allovectin-7 ® immunotherapeutic in patients with metastatic melanoma which has been funded, up to certain limits, by AnGes MG, Inc., or AnGes, through cash payments and equity investments under a research and development agreement;	
 
 	•	 	A fully enrolled Phase 2 clinical trial using TransVax™, our cytomegalovirus, or CMV, therapeutic DNA vaccine, in patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplants;	
 
 	•	 	Completed Phase 1 clinical trials using our H5N1 pandemic influenza DNA vaccine formulated with our proprietary Vaxfectin ® adjuvant;	
 
 	•	 	A preclinical program using our H1N1 pandemic influenza DNA vaccine formulated with our proprietary Vaxfectin ® adjuvant; and	
 
 	•	 	A preclinical program using our CyMVectin™ prophylactic vaccine formulated with our proprietary Vaxfectin ® adjuvant to prevent CMV infection before and during pregnancy to preclude fetal transmission.	
We have leveraged our patented technologies through licensing and collaboration arrangements, such as our licensing arrangements with Merck & Co., Inc., or Merck, the sanofi-aventis Group, or sanofi-aventis, AnGes, Aqua Health Ltd. of Canada, or Aqua Health, an affiliate of Novartis Animal Health, and Merial Limited, or Merial, a subsidiary of sanofi-aventis, among other biopharmaceutical companies. Two of the licenses have resulted in approvals in veterinary applications, which we believe are important steps in the validation of our DNA delivery technology:
 
 	•	 	In 2005, our licensee Aqua Health received approval from the Canadian Food Inspection Agency to sell a DNA vaccine, Apex-IHN ® , to protect farm-raised salmon against a lethal infectious disease.	
 
 	•	 	In 2009, our licensee Merial received approval from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, or USDA, to market a therapeutic DNA vaccine, ONCEPT™, designed to aid in extending the survival time of dogs with oral melanoma. We believe that Merial’s vaccine is the first cancer vaccine ever approved for therapeutic use.	
Furthermore, our partners, sanofi-aventis and AnGes, have applied our technologies to the local and sustained delivery of genes that encode angiogenic growth factors that promote the growth of blood vessels. Our licensee sanofi-aventis, has confirmed the completion of enrollment in its pivotal Phase 3 clinical trial of its angiogenesis therapy. Sanofi-aventis expects final data from this trial in late 2010. Our licensee AnGes recently reported approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, of the Special Protocol Assessment
 
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agreement for a Phase 3 clinical trial of its Collategene™ angiogenesis product for patients with advanced peripheral arterial disease, or PAD. AnGes has also submitted a New Drug Application, or NDA, to the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare for Collategene™, for indications related to PAD and Buerger’s disease.
In addition, we have licensed complementary technologies from leading research institutions, pharmaceutical companies, and the National Institutes of Health, or NIH. We also have granted non-exclusive, academic licenses to our DNA delivery technology patent estate to 11 leading research institutions including Stanford, Harvard, Yale and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The non-exclusive academic licenses allow university researchers to use our technology free of charge for educational and internal, non-commercial research purposes. In exchange, we have the option to exclusively license from the universities potential commercial applications stemming from their use of our technology on terms to be negotiated.
Available Information
We were incorporated in Delaware in 1987. Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to these reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, are available free of charge on our website at www.vical.com as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports and amendments are electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC.
Our Core Technology
The key discovery leading to our patented core DNA delivery technology was that muscle tissues can take up polynucleotide genetic material, such as DNA or RNA, directly, without the use of viral components or other delivery vehicles, and subsequently express the proteins encoded by the genetic material for periods ranging from weeks to more than a year. Our approach typically involves designing and constructing closed loops of DNA called plasmids, or pDNAs. These pDNAs contain a DNA segment encoding the protein of interest, as well as short segments of DNA that control protein expression. Plasmids can be manufactured using uniform methods of fermentation and processing. This could result in faster development and production times than technologies that require development of product-specific manufacturing processes.
Since the initial discovery of our DNA delivery technology, our researchers have improved the design of our plasmids to provide increases in efficiency of gene expression and immunogenicity. In addition, we continue to develop other formulations, adjuvants, and delivery technologies, including the use of lipid molecules, synthetic polymers called poloxamers and other approaches to enhance DNA expression or increase the immune response in DNA vaccine applications. We own broad patent rights in the United States and in key foreign markets to certain non-viral polynucleotide delivery technologies. Our patents and patent applications cover, for example, DNA delivery for immunization and delivery of therapeutic proteins, specific DNA constructs and formulations of gene-based product candidates, methods for producing pharmaceutical-grade DNA, and several families of lipid molecules and their uses in DNA delivery. Benefits of our DNA delivery technologies may include the following, which may enable us to offer novel treatment alternatives for diseases that are currently poorly addressed:
 
 	•	 	Broad Applicability . Our DNA delivery technologies may be useful in developing vaccines for infectious diseases, in which the expressed protein induces an immune response; novel therapies for cancer, in which the expressed protein is an immune system stimulant or tumor suppressor; and therapeutic protein delivery, in which the expressed protein is a therapeutic agent;	
 
 	•	 	Convenience . Our DNA-based biopharmaceutical product candidates are intended to be administered on an outpatient basis;	
 
 	•	 	Safety . Our product candidates contain no infectious components that may cause unwanted immune responses, infections, or malignant and permanent changes in the targeted cells’ genetic makeup;	
 
 	•	 	Repeat Administration . Our product candidates contain no infectious components that may preclude multiple dosing with a single product or use in multiple products;	
 
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 	•	 	Ease of Manufacturing . Our product candidates are manufactured using uniform fermentation and purification procedures; and	
 
 	•	 	Cost-Effectiveness . Our DNA delivery technologies may be more cost-effective than other approaches. They may also cause fewer potential side effects, which may reduce per patient treatment costs.	
Applications of DNA Technology
Our DNA delivery technology is currently being developed by us and our partners in four broad areas of application:
Infectious Diseases
DNA vaccines use portions of the genetic code of a pathogen to cause the host to produce proteins of the pathogen that may induce an immune response. Compared with conventional vaccines that use live, weakened, or dead pathogens to produce an immune response, this method potentially offers superior safety and ease of manufacturing, as well as convenient storage and handling characteristics. DNA vaccines have the potential to induce potent T-cell responses against target pathogens as well as trigger production of antibodies. Over the past decade, many scientific publications have documented the effectiveness of DNA vaccines in contributing to immune responses in dozens of species, including fish, nonhuman primates and humans. We believe important steps in the validation of DNA vaccines occurred in 2005 when our licensee Aqua Health received Canadian approval to market its proprietary product, Apex-IHN ® , a DNA vaccine to protect farm-raised salmon against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus, or IHNV, and again in late 2009, when our licensee, Merial, received approval from the USDA to sell a therapeutic DNA vaccine, ONCEPT™, designed to aid in extending the survival time of dogs with oral melanoma.
Vaccines are generally recognized as the most cost-effective approach for infectious disease healthcare. However, the technical limitations of conventional vaccine approaches have constrained the development of effective vaccines for many diseases. Development of vaccines based on conventional methods requires significant infrastructure in research and manufacturing. In addition, the safety risks associated with certain conventional vaccine approaches may offset their potential benefits. We believe our potential vaccine products may be simpler to manufacture than vaccines made using live viruses or protein subunit approaches, including those involving mammalian, avian or insect cell, or egg-based, culture procedures. In addition, our DNA delivery technologies may accelerate certain aspects of vaccine product development such as nonclinical evaluation and manufacturing.
In the broader vaccine marketplace, it is important to note a changing dynamic. Traditionally, vaccines have been predominantly focused on the pediatric market, intended to protect children from diseases that could cause them serious harm. Today, there is a growing interest in vaccines against diseases that may affect adolescents and adults, which include both sexually transmitted diseases and infections that strike opportunistically, such as during pregnancy or in immunocompromised individuals, including the geriatric population. We believe our technologies, because of their potential safety and development timeline advantages, could be ideally suited for this new generation of vaccines.
Cancer
Cancer is a disease of uncontrolled cell growth. When detected early and still confined to a single location, cancer may be cured by surgery or irradiation. However, neither surgery nor irradiation can cure cancer that has spread throughout the body. Although chemotherapy can sometimes effectively treat cancer that has spread throughout the body, a number of non-cancerous cells, such as bone marrow cells, are also highly susceptible to chemotherapy. As a result, chemotherapy often has fairly significant side effects. Finally, it is common to see cancer return after apparently successful treatment by each of these means.
Immunotherapy, a process which uses the patient’s own immune system to treat cancer, may have advantages over surgery, irradiation, and chemotherapy. Many cancers appear to have developed the ability to
 
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“hide” from the immune system. A treatment that can augment the immune response against tumor cells by making the cancer more “visible” to the immune system would likely represent a significant improvement in cancer therapy. Immune-enhancing proteins such as interleukin-2, or IL-2, and interferon-alpha, or IFN- a , have shown encouraging results. However, these agents often require frequent doses that regularly result in severe side effects.
We have researched delivery enhancements that may complement our core DNA delivery technology and may help us develop cancer therapies. Our current clinical-stage approach consists of directly injecting solid tumors with plasmids which, upon uptake into cells, direct the production of the encoded immunostimulatory proteins to generate a local, regional and systemic effect. The plasmids are formulated with a cationic lipid-based delivery system. The ease of manufacture, convenience, and ability to repeat administration may offer advantages over current modalities of therapy. In addition, cancer therapies using non-viral DNA delivery may offer an added margin of safety compared with viral-based delivery, as no viral particles or other potentially infectious agents are contained in the formulation.
Human studies utilizing this approach demonstrated anti-tumor effects and were found to be safe with a very low incidence of treatment-related serious adverse events. In addition, studies in animals have demonstrated the potential efficacy of this approach. Further validation of DNA technology in cancer vaccine applications occurred in late 2009, when our licensee Merial received approval from the USDA to sell a therapeutic DNA vaccine, ONCEPT™, designed to aid in extending the survival time of dogs with oral melanoma.
Cardiovascular
Cardiovascular diseases represent the leading cause of death in the United States and in most Western countries. Cardiovascular disease refers to the class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. PAD, including critical limb ischemia, or CLI, and coronary artery disease, or CAD, also known as ischemic heart disease, or IHD, are the end result of arterial occlusive disease, which is most commonly known as atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis affects only the inner lining of an artery and is characterized by fatty deposits that block the flow of blood.
PAD is caused by atherosclerosis in association with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, cigarette smoking or diabetes. PAD is a common circulatory problem in which narrowed arteries reduce the blood flow to the limbs. Early symptoms of PAD include transient pain in the legs upon walking, a condition called intermittent claudication, which is caused by ischemia. Approximately 25% of ischemic patients will progress to develop CLI, which is associated with pain at rest and ulcers, and frequently requires amputation. Altogether approximately 30% of patients with PAD die within 5 years of developing PAD, rising to approximately 50% after 10 years, which represents a mortality rate exceeding most other vascular conditions including CAD. The number of therapeutic options for PAD remains very limited in comparison with other areas of cardiovascular medicine and the healthcare burden associated with amputations in the U.S. is estimated to be greater than $10 billion per year.
CAD occurs when the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle become hardened and narrowed. CAD is the most common type of heart disease and is the leading cause of death in the U.S. in both men and women. Over time, CAD can weaken the heart muscle and contribute to heart failure or arrhythmias. Current treatment regimens for CAD include drugs, catheter-based interventional therapies such as balloon angioplasty or stents, mechanical therapies such as atherectomy, and surgical procedures such as bypass surgery.
We believe PAD and CAD may be better treated with angiogenesis, which refers to the growth of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels to replace those blocked by the disease. Our core DNA delivery technology may allow the targeted delivery of certain growth factors with potential therapeutic value in the emerging field of angiogenesis. Angiogenesis has been shown to occur by the exogenous administration of angiogenic growth factors. We believe that the localized and sustained expression of these growth factors from plasmids may be both safe and effective.
 
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Veterinary
Prior to its development for human therapy, our DNA delivery technologies were extensively tested in animals. Research scientists have published numerous papers detailing favorable results in many species and covering a broad range of disease indications. Animal health encompasses two distinct market segments: livestock, or animals bred and raised for food or other products, and companion animals, or pets. Through our collaborative partnerships there have been approvals within each of these market segments for vaccines utilizing our DNA delivery technology.
Business Strategy
There are four basic elements to our business strategy:
Develop Products Independently
We currently focus our resources on the independent development of infectious disease vaccines and cancer immunotherapeutics. The selection of targets for our independent development programs is driven by three key criteria: the complexity of the product development program, competition, and commercial opportunities. We intend to retain significant participation in the commercialization of any independently developed proprietary DNA vaccines and therapeutics that receive regulatory approval, although we may choose to enlist the support of partners to accelerate product development and commercialization.
Infectious Disease Vaccines . Vaccines are perceived by government and medical communities as an efficient and cost-effective means of healthcare. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or CDC, “Vaccines are among the very best protections we have against infectious diseases.” In the infectious disease area, we have primarily focused our resources on the development of DNA based vaccines against CMV and pandemic influenza. We believe our technologies may lead to the development of novel preventive or therapeutic vaccines for infectious disease targets. DNA vaccines may help combat diseases for which conventional vaccine methods have been unsuccessful.
Cancer Therapies . In the cancer area, we are focusing our resources on the development of Allovectin-7 ® initially as a potential treatment for metastatic melanoma, an aggressive form of skin cancer. Allovectin-7 ® is a plasmid/lipid formulation containing the DNA sequences encoding HLA-B7 and b 2 microglobulin, which together form a Major Histocompatibility Complex, or MHC, Class I antigen. Injection of Allovectin-7 ® directly into tumors is designed to stimulate a systemic immune response against both local and distant metastatic tumors. In previous human clinical trials, Allovectin-7 ® has shown evidence of activity against other types of cancer, and could potentially be used to treat any injectable immunoreactive solid tumor.
Enhance and Expand Our Technologies
We are actively pursuing the refinement of our plasmids and formulations, the evaluation of potential enhancements to our core technologies and the exploration of additional DNA delivery technologies. We are developing future product candidates based on these technologies through nonclinical and clinical testing to determine their safety and effectiveness. We also seek to develop additional applications for our technologies by testing new approaches to disease control or prevention. These efforts could lead to further independent product development or additional licensing opportunities. In addition, we continually evaluate compatible technologies or products that may be of potential interest for in-licensing or acquisition. We license intellectual property from companies holding complementary technologies to leverage the potential of our own DNA delivery technologies and to further the discovery of innovative therapies for internal development.
Expand the Applications of Our Technologies through Strategic Collaborations
We collaborate with major pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and government agencies, providing us access to complementary technologies or greater resources. These collaborations provide us with
 
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mutually beneficial opportunities to expand our product pipeline and serve significant unmet medical needs. We license our intellectual property to other companies to leverage our technologies for applications that may not be appropriate for our independent product development.
Pursue Contract Manufacturing Opportunities
We selectively pursue contract manufacturing opportunities to leverage our infrastructure and expertise in pDNA manufacturing, to support advancement and application of our technologies by others, and to provide revenues that contribute to our independent research and development efforts.
Product Development
We, together with our licensees and collaborators, are currently developing a number of DNA-based vaccines and therapeutics for the prevention or treatment of infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Our lead independent development programs focus on metastatic melanoma, CMV, and pandemic influenza. The table below summarizes our independent programs and corporate and government collaborations.

Product Concept	  	Intended Use	  	Development Status 1 	  	Lead Developer	
Independent Programs	  	   	  	   	  	   	
Allovectin-7 ® cancer immunotherapeutic	  	First-line treatment for metastatic melanoma	  	Phase 3—enrollment completed	  	Vical	
 	  	 	  	 	  	 	
TransVax™ therapeutic vaccine for cytomegalovirus	  	Prevent viral reactivation and disease after transplant	  	Phase 2—enrollment completed	  	Vical	
 	  	 	  	 	  	 	
Prophylactic vaccine for H5N1 pandemic influenza virus	  	Protect against infection, disease, and/or viral shedding	  	Phase 1 completed	  	Vical	
 	  	 	  	 	  	 	
Prophylactic vaccine for H1N1 pandemic influenza virus	  	Protect against infection, disease, and/or viral shedding	  	Preclinical	  	Vical	
 	  	 	  	 	  	 	
CyMVectin™ prophylactic vaccine for cytomegalovirus	  	Prevent infection before and during pregnancy to preclude fetal transmission	  	Preclinical	  	Vical	
 	  	 	  	 	  	 	
Therapeutic vaccine for herpes simplex type 2 virus	  	Prevent recurring flare-ups to reduce viral shedding and transmission	  	Research	  	Vical	
Corporate Collaborations	  	 	  	 	  	 	
Collategene™ angiogenic therapy encoding Hepatocyte Growth Factor	  	Induce local growth of blood vessels to restore blood flow to limbs affected by ischemia	  	NDA filed in Japan, Phase 2 completed in the United States	  	AnGes	
 	  	 	  	 	  	 	
Temusi ® angiogenic therapy encoding Fibroblast Growth Factor 1	  	Induce local growth of blood vessels to restore blood flow to limbs affected by ischemia	  	Phase 3—enrollment completed	  	Sanofi-aventis	
 	  	 	  	 	  	 	
Angiogenic therapy encoding Hepatocyte Growth Factor	  	Induce local growth of blood vessels to restore blood flow to heart affected by ischemia	  	Phase 1 completed in the United States	  	AnGes	
 	  	 	  	 	  	 	
Therapeutic vaccine encoding human telomerase reverse transcriptase	  	Treat non-small cell lung, breast or prostate cancer, melanoma, or carcinomas of the upper GI tract, colon, kidney, or bladder	  	Phase 1	  	Merck	
 	  	 	  	 	  	 	
Prophylactic and/or therapeutic hepatitis C vaccine	  	Prevent and/or treat infection, disease, and/or viral shedding	  	Research	  	Merck	
 	  	 	  	 	  	 	
Apex-IHN ® prophylactic vaccine for infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus	  	Protect farm-raised salmon from infection and disease when exposed to infected wild salmon	  	Approved in Canada	  	Aqua Health (Novartis)	
 	  	 	  	 	  	 	
ONCEPT™ therapeutic cancer vaccine encoding human tyrosinase	  	Adjunct treatment to increase survival time of dogs with oral melanoma	  	Approved in the United States	  	Merial	
Government Collaborations	  	 	  	 	  	 	
Prophylactic and/or therapeutic HIV vaccine	  	Prevent and/or treat infection, disease, and/or viral shedding	  	Phase 2	  	NIH	

1	“Research” indicates exploration and/or evaluation of a potential product candidate in a nonclinical laboratory setting. “Preclinical” indicates that a specific product candidate in a nonclinical setting has shown functional activity that is relevant	
 
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 	to a targeted medical need, and is undergoing toxicology testing in preparation for initial human clinical testing. “Phase 1” clinical trials are typically conducted with a small number of patients or healthy subjects to evaluate safety, determine a safe dosage range, identify side effects, and, if possible, gain early evidence of effectiveness. “Phase 2” clinical trials are conducted with a larger group of patients to evaluate effectiveness of an investigational product for a defined patient population, and to determine common short-term side effects and risks associated with the product candidate. “Phase 3” clinical trials involve large scale, multi-center, comparative trials that are conducted with patients afflicted with a target disease to evaluate the overall benefit-risk relationship of the investigational product and to provide an adequate basis for product labeling.	
Independent Programs Targeting Infectious Diseases
CMV Vaccines
CMV is a ubiquitous herpes virus that can cause serious complications in two distinct patient populations: immunocompromised transplant patients and children born to women initially infected during pregnancy. We are currently developing two CMV vaccines: TransVax™ and CyMVectin™. TransVax™ is designed to serve the first patient population by preventing CMV reactivation or infection in transplant recipients. CyMVectin™ is designed to serve the second much larger patient population by preventing congenital infection by vaccinating women before pregnancy, which we believe represents a major commercial opportunity and may ultimately lead to universal pediatric vaccination.
TransVax™
We initially developed TransVax™ as a pathway to establish a CMV vaccine proof of concept in a relatively small patient population. We decided to specifically target patients who were susceptible to CMV reactivation in hematopoietic cell transplant, or HCT, transplants. Therefore we designed a vaccine that would primarily induce a cellular immune response. TransVax™ is a plasmid DNA vaccine that induces both T-cell and antibody responses by expressing two antigens, phosphoprotein 65, or pp65, and glycoprotein B, or gB. The tegument protein, pp65, is a major antigen recognized by T cells in CMV-infected individuals. The gB protein is a major surface antigen of CMV and a primary target of neutralizing antibodies. The gB protein is also a major CMV antigen recognized by both CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in CMV-seropositive subjects. Induction of gB-specific T cells following DNA vaccination may provide an additional antiviral mechanism that could act to reduce CMV replication and viral loads shortly after infection. The vaccine is also formulated with poloxamer CRL1005, which has been shown in nonclinical studies by us and others to enhance gene expression and immune responses.
A Phase 1 trial in normal healthy subjects was conducted to assess the safety and immunogenicity of TransVax™. Forty-four healthy adult subjects (22 CMV seronegative and 22 CMV seropositive) were enrolled in the trial. Thirty-two subjects received 1- or 5-mg doses of vaccine on a 0-, 2-, and 8-week schedule, and 12 subjects received 5-mg doses of vaccine on a 0-, 3-, 7-, and 28-day schedule. Overall, the vaccine was well tolerated, with no serious adverse events. Through week 16 of the study, 45.5% of CMV-seronegative subjects and 25.0% of CMV-seropositive subjects who received the full vaccine series demonstrated immune responses to the vaccine. CMV-specific memory T-cell responses were detected in 68.1% of CMV-seronegative subjects at week 32.
A multicenter Phase 2 trial is currently being conducted in 94 CMV-seropositive HCT recipients (14 donor-recipient pairs and 80 recipient-only subjects), randomized 1:1 for vaccine or placebo. Subjects enrolled were 18-65 years old, CMV seropositive, and diagnosed with selected leukemias or lymphomas. Subjects received vaccine 3 to 5 days prior to transplant, and 21-42, 84 and 196 days after transplant. The dosing schedule coincides with the anticipated reactivation of CMV in HCT transplant patients. Enrollment in the trial was completed in November 2008 and a 1-year follow up was completed in November 2009. In 2008, an interim analysis of the 4-month data was performed. The data favored the vaccine group for all viral load endpoints and T-cell responses. Of 74 evaluable subjects in the recipient-only cohort, 12 subjects in the vaccine group experienced CMV reactivation ( > 500 copies/mL), compared to 17 subjects in the placebo group; a 40% difference. A 67% difference was shown for recurrence of CMV infection, i.e., subjects with two or more episodes of viral detection ( > 500 copies/mL). The duration of viremia, total viral load (area under the curve), and
 
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peak viral load were also analyzed, and were 35%, 24%, and 70% lower for the vaccine group, respectively. Strong T-cell responses against gB and pp65 were reported for the vaccine group at 4 months and were maintained for at least 7 months. The trial is currently in the final stages of data collection and analysis, which is expected to be completed in mid-2010.
In 2005, the Office of Orphan Products Development of the FDA designated TransVax™ as an orphan drug for the prevention of clinically significant CMV viremia, CMV disease and associated complications in at-risk transplant populations. Orphan drug designation provides certain tax benefits for qualifying expenses and can result in extended marketing exclusivity.
CyMVectin™
CMV is the leading cause of infectious disease related birth defects. Once a woman becomes infected with CMV during pregnancy, there are no treatment alternatives. CyMVectin™ was designed to prevent CMV infection prior to pregnancy by primarily inducing an antibody response. We believe this may ultimately reduce birth defects caused by CMV. In addition, prior maternal CMV infection is associated with protection against secondary infection in pregnant women and reduction of congenital infection.
CyMVectin™ consists of pDNA that encodes the human CMV gB antigen either alone or with pDNA that encodes the human CMV pp65 antigen. The product is formulated with our proprietary lipid-based adjuvant Vaxfectin ® . Vaxfectin ® has been shown in nonclinical and clinical studies by us and others to enhance immune responses, particularly antibody responses, to expressed immunogens. A gB protein-based vaccine, developed by others, has shown some protection against CMV infection in a Phase 2 clinical trial. Nonclinical studies performed in rabbit and mouse animal models have demonstrated the ability to induce high titers of gB-specific antibodies in animals receiving the gB plasmid. Rabbit studies of gB pDNA administered intramuscularly demonstrated an approximate 10-fold enhancement of gB antibodies with Vaxfectin ® as an adjuvant when compared to gB pDNA in phosphate-buffered saline. Similarly, mouse studies also demonstrated this added benefit of Vaxfectin ® as an adjuvant. The results of these studies support both our past experience and other published studies which indicate that immune responses can be induced by pDNA vaccination and that formulation with Vaxfectin ® enhances those immune responses. Repeat dose safety studies in rabbits with Vaxfectin ® -formulated gB and pp65 plasmids have enabled the allowance of an IND to initiate clinical evaluation of CyMVectin™.
About CMV
Cytomegalovirus infects between 50% and 80% of adults in the United States by 40 years of age. Although most healthy people who are infected by CMV after birth are asymptomatic, CMV can affect certain high-risk groups including immunocompromised individuals and prenatal or postnatal infants. Significant mortality and morbidity are observed in the immunocompromised populations, especially HCT and solid organ transplant, or SOT, recipients. In CMV-seropositive HCT recipients, the incidence of CMV reactivation in the first 100 days following transplantation is 50-70% in the absence of prophylaxis. The incidence is reduced to approximately 5% by the use of preemptive antiviral therapy, but currently available antiviral therapies are associated with drug toxicity, are costly, may lead to drug resistance and provide incomplete efficacy. Late-onset CMV reactivation may also occur after antiviral therapy is discontinued.
Currently no vaccine is approved for the prevention of CMV infection. The only approved treatment for CMV in HCT patients is Cytovene (Ganciclovir), although other antivirals are used off label, such as Valganciclovir, Foscarnet, and Cidofovir. We believe a vaccine that enables the patient’s immune system to control CMV infection, thereby reducing the need for antiviral therapy, would be a valuable therapeutic option for HCT recipients. The control of CMV in immunocompromised persons is primarily associated with T-cell mediated immune responses.
 
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CMV-seropositive HCT and SOT recipients represent important populations for the prevention of CMV reactivation and reduction in antiviral therapy. Approximately 45,000 HCT transplants and 55,000 SOT transplants are performed annually in the United States and Europe. We believe these populations represent a significant market potential for our TransVax™ vaccine.
CMV is the most common intrauterine infection in the United States, occurring in about 1 in 150 live-born infants and resulting in permanent disabilities, such as mental retardation, hearing loss and vision loss, in approximately 8,000 children per year, and 400 deaths annually. Most symptomatic congenital infections occur following a primary maternal infection during pregnancy. Contact with infected young children is the primary source of infection in pregnant women, especially those exposed to children in daycare environments.
DNA vaccine induction of CMV-specific antibodies and T-cell responses may prevent or limit CMV infection in CMV-seronegative females before and during pregnancy, which could impact perinatal transmission and newborn infections. We believe that this population represents a significant market potential for our CyMVectin™ vaccine, as there are more than 20 million CMV-seronegative women of childbearing age in the United States.
Pandemic Influenza Vaccine
In 2005, we applied our DNA delivery technology to the development of a pandemic influenza vaccine formulated with our proprietary adjuvant Vaxfectin ® . Our approach is to include vaccine components which we believe will provide potential cross strain protection, particularly against severe disease and mortality, unlike conventional influenza vaccines which provide symptomatic relief through antibodies alone and are unlikely to protect against severe disease and mortality if the strain match is not correct.
Avian Influenza—H5N1
In 2005, we received a $2.9 million challenge grant from the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, or NIAID, of the NIH to support the development of a DNA vaccine against pandemic strains of influenza. We achieved all of the milestones under this grant including challenging DNA-vaccinated animals with a virulent Vietnam strain (A/Vietnam/1203/04) of H5N1 avian influenza virus. The data showed that our Vaxfectin ® -formulated DNA vaccine provided complete protection of mice and ferrets against lethal challenges with the H5N1 avian influenza virus as well as protection of mice against multiple human influenza strains. In the initial activities covered by the challenge grant, we collaborated with St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, a world-renowned center of expertise in influenza research, including pandemic influenza research.
Data from subsequent studies demonstrated that a single injection of our influenza vaccine candidate provided 100% protection in ferrets against lethal challenge from the H5N1 avian influenza virus. Conventional vaccines under development for pandemic influenza typically have required two or more doses in humans, even with novel adjuvants, to produce the immunogenicity levels expected to provide protection.
In 2007, we initiated a Phase 1 trial of our Vaxfectin ® -formulated H5N1 pandemic influenza vaccine. The double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated safety, tolerability and immune responses in 56 healthy volunteers age 18 to 45. Later in 2007, we initiated a second Phase 1 trial to evaluate vaccination with needle-free injection in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate safety, tolerability and immune response in 47 volunteers ages 18 to 45.
In 2008, we completed our Phase 1 H5N1 pandemic influenza trials. The data demonstrated that a Vaxfectin ® -formulated DNA vaccine can achieve significant immune responses against H5N1 pandemic influenza in humans. The data suggested that the vaccine was well-tolerated and achieved potentially protective levels of antibody responses (H5 hemagglutination inhibition, or HI, titers of at least 40 and at least a four-fold increase from baseline) in at least 47% and up to 67% of evaluable subjects in the higher H5 dose cohorts in the
 
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trials. The data also showed that in the highest H5 dose cohorts, responses peaked by Day 56 and were sustained in 80% to 100% of the responders through the end of the study at Day 182. The vaccines demonstrated cross-clade antibody responses against two different strains in the trials and also induced T-cell responses against a matching strain of influenza virus in 75% to 100% of the subjects for at least six months. No significant safety issues were observed at any of the doses tested.
We are seeking additional funding before proceeding with further development of our H5N1 pandemic influenza vaccine. We believe we can further optimize the vaccine dose and formulation ratio, confirm safety and immunogenicity in a larger number of subjects, and leverage the proof of concept for our DNA vaccine platform and Vaxfectin ® adjuvant into additional indications.
Swine Influenza—H1N1
In response to the outbreak of 2009 swine-origin H1N1 viruses in Mexico City and the United States, we entered into a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement with the Naval Medical Research Center of the U.S. Navy, or NMRC, to develop a H1N1 DNA vaccine formulated with our Vaxfectin ® adjuvant. We initiated the development of a Vaxfectin ® -formulated H1 HA DNA vaccine derived from the A/California/04/09 (H1N1) virus. We were the first company to produce a vaccine prototype after the 2009 outbreak, and to demonstrate immunogenicity data in two animal species. The vaccine was produced in a matter of weeks and demonstrated robust immune responses well above the accepted protection threshold in 100% of vaccinated mice and rabbits after a standard two-dose vaccine regimen. In addition, at least 75% of vaccinated animals achieved or exceeded the protection threshold after a single dose of vaccine. We have completed current Good Manufacturing Practices, or cGMP, manufacturing of the Vaxfectin ® -formulated H1 HA DNA vaccine. We expect to begin a Phase 1 clinical trial in the first quarter of 2010. Funding for the preclinical, regulatory and manufacturing activities were provided by the Department of Defense’s Transformational Medical Technologies Initiative, or TMTI. TMTI’s stated mission is to protect active U.S. military personnel against emerging and genetically altered biological threats by discovering and developing medical counter measures. Funding for the Phase 1 trial is expected to be provided by the U.S. Navy. We believe that positive safety and immunogenicity data derived from the Phase 1 trial will enhance our efforts to further develop the Vaxfectin ® -formulated DNA vaccine platform. We believe our efforts to date in response to the 2009 pandemic H1N1 pandemic exemplified our ability to rapidly respond to a previously-unknown pathogen and to develop a high potency vaccine candidate in short order. We are building the ability to respond to emerging pathogens in addition to influenza viruses and provide the opportunity to create and produce vaccines at an unprecedented rate.
About Influenza
Pandemic influenza is virulent human influenza that causes a global outbreak, or pandemic, of serious illness. A pandemic could begin if an avian- or swine-origin influenza virus or another influenza strain changes to a form that can spread easily from person to person. Avian-origin influenza is caused by influenza A viruses that occur naturally among wild birds. Most of the hundreds of strains of avian influenza virus remain in birds and cause only mild disease symptoms. Some strains of H5N1 avian influenza virus have become highly pathogenic in recent years and can be deadly to domestic poultry as well as certain wild birds. Certain strains can also be transmitted from birds to humans. Most cases of H5N1 influenza infection in humans have resulted from contact with infected poultry or surfaces contaminated by infected birds. The spread of H5N1 virus from person to person has been limited, but continued changes to the H5N1 virus could result in a strain that is more easily spread from person to person. Because humans have no prior exposure to H5, they have no immunity. Symptoms of avian influenza in humans have ranged from typical human influenza-like symptoms to pneumonia, severe respiratory complications, and death. Swine-origin influenza is caused by influenza A viruses that occur in domestic pigs. The 2009 outbreaks of H1N1 swine-origin influenza caused serious disease or death primarily in people with underlying health issues or young people with no prior exposure to related H1 influenza viruses. Most healthy adults infected by H1N1 swine-origin influenza have suffered from typical symptomatic disease and have recovered fully with no treatment or palliative treatment.
 
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Other Infectious Diseases
We are also developing or have developed vaccines for other infectious diseases. For example, in April 2008 we were awarded a two-year, $2.0 million Phase II Small Business Technology Transfer grant from the NIAID. The grant will fund the ongoing development of our immunotherapeutic plasmid DNA vaccine against herpes simplex virus type 2, HSV-2, a sexually transmitted virus which is the leading cause of genital herpes. The HSV-2 vaccine will also be evaluated with our Vaxfectin ® adjuvant.
In addition, the NIH has completed its Phase 1 studies in severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS, and has transferred its IND for its SARS DNA vaccine to us. We will evaluate whether to continue development of the vaccine when a medical need arises.
We have also performed preclinical development and completed a Phase 1 clinical trial of an anthrax vaccine designed to provide broader protection against weaponized forms of anthrax. This development work was supported, in part, by two grants received from the NIAID. Because funding needed to support further clinical development is not currently available to us, we do not intend to pursue further development of our anthrax vaccine candidate at this time.
Independent Program Targeting Cancer
Allovectin-7 ®
Allovectin-7 ® is a plasmid/lipid formulation containing the DNA sequences encoding HLA-B7 and b 2 microglobulin, which together form a MHC Class I antigen. We believe injection of Allovectin-7 ® directly into tumor lesions directs a local, regional and systemic immune response against metastatic tumors through several mechanisms. In HLA-B7 negative patients, a vigorous allogeneic immune response may be initiated against the foreign MHC class I antigen. In all patients, b 2 microglobulin may reconstitute normal class I antigen presentation and/or increase tumor antigen presentation to the immune system. In any patient, an innate pro-inflammatory response may occur that induces tumor responses following intralesional injection of the pDNA/lipid complex. The goal of all three of these mechanisms is to initially cause recognition of the tumor at the local site to allow a then-sensitized immune response to recognize un-injected tumors at distant metastatic sites.
In 2001, we began a high-dose, 2 mg, Phase 2 trial evaluating the Allovectin-7 ® immunotherapeutic alone for patients with stage III or stage IV melanoma, who have few other treatment options. The high-dose Phase 2 trial completed enrollment in 2003. The data showed that the trial had a total of 15 responders among the 127 patients receiving the high dose (11.8 %), with four of the patients having complete responses and 11 having partial responses. Data were recently updated after long-term follow-up. The Kaplan-Meier estimated median duration of response was 13.8 months, and all responses were durable with a range of 6 months to 66 months and continuing. The updated Kaplan-Meier median survival was 18.8 months. The safety profile was excellent with no reported Grade 3 or Grade 4 adverse events associated with injection of Allovectin-7 ® .
Based on detailed guidance received from the FDA in End-of-Phase 2 meetings, we subsequently completed a Special Protocol Assessment, or SPA, with the FDA for a Phase 3 trial of high-dose, 2 mg, Allovectin-7 ® for certain patients with recurrent Stage III or Stage IV melanoma. The SPA-agreed protocol specifies the trial objectives and design, clinical endpoints, and planned analyses expected to yield data that will support a license application for product approval.
The Phase 3 trial has involved more than 100 clinical sites. Patients may have been previously treated with surgery, adjuvant therapy, and/or biotherapy, but cannot have been previously treated with chemotherapy. The patients were randomized on a 2:1, basis with approximately 250 patients treated with Allovectin-7 ® and approximately 125 treated with their physician’s choice of either of two chemotherapy agents, dacarbazine or temozolomide. The primary endpoint is a variation on progression-free survival that compares the two trial arms for objective responses that are ongoing at 24 weeks or more after randomization. The study will also evaluate
 
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safety and tolerability as well as survival as secondary endpoints. In January 2010 we announced that we had completed enrollment of the planned 375 subjects in our Allovectin-7 ® Phase 3 trial.
AnGes has provided funding for the clinical trial up to certain limits under a research and development agreement. The funding consisted of purchases by AnGes of $10.85 million of restricted shares of our common stock and additional non-refundable cash payments by AnGes of $11.75 million. All of the funding provided by AnGes, including those funds used to purchase our common stock, must be used for costs related to the Allovectin-7 ® Phase 3 trial. Under the agreement, we granted to AnGes exclusive marketing rights for Allovectin-7 ® in specified countries in Asia and AnGes has the opportunity to pursue regulatory approvals in those countries, subject to receipt by us of regulatory approval in the United States. We also granted AnGes certain royalty-bearing licenses to our technology and know-how. AnGes is obligated to pay royalties to us on sales of Allovectin-7 ® in specified countries in Asia. AnGes also obtained the right to receive royalties from us on all commercial sales of Allovectin-7 ® outside the specified Asian countries.
In 1999, Allovectin-7 ® was granted orphan drug designation for the treatment of invasive and metastatic melanoma by the FDA’s Office of Orphan Products Development. Orphan drug designation provides certain tax benefits for qualifying expenses and can result in extended marketing exclusivity.
About Metastatic Melanoma
The American Cancer Society estimated that approximately 68,700 new diagnoses of, and approximately 8,650 deaths from, melanoma would occur in 2009 in the United States. Overall, the lifetime risk of getting melanoma is now approximately 2% (or 1 in 50) for Caucasians. Currently, there are no consistently effective therapies for advanced cases of melanoma where the cancer has spread beyond its site of origin, or metastasized. Treatment for these patients normally includes a combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. In patients with advanced metastatic melanoma, median survival typically ranges from six to ten months.
FDA-approved drugs for treatment of metastatic melanoma include: hydroxyurea, which is no longer commonly used as a single agent; dacarbazine, and IL-2. The toxicity associated with FDA-approved treatments such as dacarbazine or IL-2 is often significant, resulting in serious or life-threatening side effects in many of the patients treated. Patients with metastatic melanoma often are treated with drugs that are not approved for treatment of metastatic melanoma, such as IFN- a , which is approved as adjuvant therapy to surgery, or temozolomide, which is approved for certain types of brain cancer.
Adjuvant Development
Vaxfectin ®
Vaxfectin ® is our proprietary, cationic lipid formulation optimized to increase the immune response to vaccines. Vaxfectin ® formulations have demonstrated safety and adjuvant activity in pDNA vaccine applications in multiple animal models, including nonhuman primates, in addition to the animal and human influenza studies cited above. Studies of Vaxfectin ® -formulated pDNA vaccines against CMV and measles have shown enhanced immunogenicity in rodents and nonhuman primates, respectively. Vaxfectin ® has also demonstrated dose-sparing attributes as an adjuvant for protein-based influenza vaccines as well as increased T-cell responses and antitumor responses to formulated peptide-based cancer antigens. In addition to the studies outlined below, there have been a number of published non-clinical infectious disease studies utilizing Vaxfectin ® as an adjuvant.
DNA Vaccines
A study has been completed which demonstrated that a measles DNA vaccine formulated with Vaxfectin ® adjuvant elicited sustained protective levels of neutralizing antibodies in infant (6—10 week old) nonhuman primates confirmed by complete protection following challenge one year after intradermal vaccination, with no clinical signs of disease and no culturable virus after challenge. Similar results were found in juvenile (1—2 year
 
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old) nonhuman primates. Both measles studies were conducted in collaboration with Diane E. Griffin, M.D., Ph.D., Alfred and Jill Sommer Professor and Chair of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, under a grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
Protein Vaccines
Data from a study in mice showed that a seasonal influenza vaccine, sanofi pasteur’s Fluzone ® commercial vaccine, when formulated with Vaxfectin ® generated up to 200-fold higher antibody responses than an unformulated vaccine at the same dose. Formulation of Fluzone ® with Vaxfectin ® also allowed a nearly 10-fold reduction in vaccine dose while generating equivalent or better antibody responses compared with unformulated vaccine, even at the lowest doses tested. In separate studies conducted by third parties, sanofi pasteur’s H5N1 pandemic influenza vaccine with no adjuvant achieved target antibody levels in less than half the subjects after two 90 mcg doses—which are six times the normal 15 mcg dose for each strain of seasonal influenza virus that provides 75% to 90% protection against seasonal influenza. In a separate study in mice we evaluated the potential of Vaxfectin ® to be used as a dose-sparing agent with a protein-based H5N1 pandemic influenza vaccine currently stockpiled by the U.S. government. We demonstrated that after a single injection, the Vaxfectin ® -formulated vaccine yielded five-fold higher antibody responses at the same dose as an unformulated vaccine, and comparable or better antibody responses at one-third the dose of unformulated vaccine. After a second injection, the Vaxfectin ® -formulated vaccine yielded nine-fold higher antibody responses at the same dose as the unformulated vaccine, and five-fold better antibody responses at one-third the dose of the unformulated vaccine. Dose-sparing ability could be critical in extending limited vaccine supplies to protect the greatest number of people in the event of a pandemic influenza outbreak.
We also announced data from mouse studies which demonstrated that Vaxfectin ® -formulated seasonal influenza vaccine generated broader, more balanced antibody responses than unformulated vaccine, and also generated influenza-specific T-cell responses. Adjusting the ratio of Vaxfectin ® to vaccine allowed substantial increases in either antibody or T-cell responses, without reducing the other type of response, compared with unformulated vaccine. The ability to favor primarily antibody or T-cell responses could provide important advantages in developing vaccines for specific applications.
Cancer Vaccines
In a mouse study completed in 2008, a Vaxfectin ® -formulated vaccine containing a peptide from Tyrosinase-Related Protein 2, or TRP-2, an antigen commonly expressed by several types of tumors including glioma and melanoma, resulted in approximately a 100-fold increase in antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses compared with unformulated vaccine. CD8+ T-cells are deployed by the immune system to identify and destroy infected or cancerous cells.
Collaboration and Licensing Agreements
We have entered into various arrangements with corporate, academic, and government collaborators, licensors, licensees, and others. In addition to the agreements summarized below, we conduct ongoing discussions with potential collaborators, licensors and licensees.
Corporate Collaborators—Out-licensing
AnGes. In 2005, we granted an exclusive worldwide license to AnGes for use of our core DNA delivery technology in the development and commercialization of DNA-based products encoding hepatocyte growth factor, or HGF, for cardiovascular applications. HGF is a human protein that causes angiogenesis in areas of ischemia.
 
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AnGes is developing DNA-based delivery of HGF for indications related to PAD, a severe condition caused by blockage of blood vessels feeding the foot and lower leg. AnGes completed a Phase 3 trial in Japan in 2007 with DNA-based HGF for PAD. AnGes completed two Phase 2 trials in the United States in 2006, with DNA-based HGF for PAD. AnGes has partnered with Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of Daiichi Sankyo Company Limited, for development and commercialization of DNA-based HGF for PAD in Japan. In addition, AnGes also completed a Phase 1 trial in the United States for IHD in 2006.
In mid-2007, AnGes reported positive results following an interim analysis of data from the first 41 subjects to complete the Phase 3 PAD trial in Japan. In the trial, 40 subjects with CLI were evaluated for efficacy. The primary endpoints, improvement of rest pain or ischemic ulcer size, at 12 weeks post dosing, showed 30.8% improvement in the placebo group and 70.4% improvement in the treatment group, a statistically significant difference. Based on the findings that the primary efficacy endpoint in the trial had been achieved with high statistical significance compared to a placebo and that there were no major safety concerns related to treatment in 41 patients evaluated, an Independent Data Monitoring Committee recommended stopping the trial early to prevent potential ethical issues involving the subjects in the placebo group. AnGes filed an application for Japanese marketing approval in March 2008.
In June 2006, AnGes announced results from its PAD Phase 2 trial in the United States. Efficacy was evaluated in 93 patients out of 104, and safety was evaluated in all 104 patients enrolled. Analysis of efficacy in the overall population showed no statistical significance. However, in a subgroup analysis, the foot transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen, or TcPO 2 , in the high dose group increased in a statistically significant manner compared to placebo. Thirty-nine percent of patients in the placebo group, 57% in the low dose, 67% in the middle dose and 80% in the high dose had a TcPO 2 above 30mm Hg at six months after the treatment. Although not statistically significant, improvement in ischemic ulcers was seen in the HGF plasmid treated groups compared to the placebo group. The trial did not reveal any significant safety difference among the groups and the HGF treatment appeared to be safe and well tolerated. AnGes concluded that intramuscular injection of the HGF plasmid suggested the potential to improve perfusion in patients with CLI, an advanced stage of PAD.
In January of 2010, AnGes announced the approval by the FDA for a SPA for a Phase 3 clinical trial of its Collategene™ angiogenesis product for patients with advanced PAD. The study will be multinational, randomized and placebo-controlled with a target population of 560 patients. The Phase 3 trial will enroll no option as well as poor option patients with chronic and severe ischemia of the lower limb. No option patients are those unable to receive an endovascular intervention or surgical bypass procedure due to inflow, conduit or outflow reasons or due to a severe and irreversible co-morbidity where surgery is contraindicated. Poor option patients are those unable to receive an endovascular intervention and at high risk for bypass surgery due to their vascular anatomy or severe co-morbid disease. We believe inclusion of poor option patients will open the clinical trial to at least three to four times as many target patients compared to other trials which only include no option patients.
Under the license agreement, we received an initial upfront payment of $1.0 million, and in 2008 we received an additional payment of $1.0 million. Further development may lead to additional milestone and royalty payments. AnGes has the right to terminate this agreement without cause upon tendering written notice to us.
Sanofi-aventis. In 1999, sanofi-aventis began testing the DNA delivery of a gene encoding fibroblast growth factor 1, or FGF-1, an angiogenic growth factor, in patients with CLI. In 2000, sanofi-aventis licensed the rights to our core DNA delivery technology for cardiovascular applications using FGF-1. Published interim results from an open-label Phase 1 clinical trial indicated that the FGF-1 plasmid-based therapeutic was well-tolerated, with no serious adverse events related to the treatment. Interim results reported in this same publication demonstrated reduction in pain and evidence of newly visible blood vessels three months after treatment.
 
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Sanofi-aventis conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 2 trial of its FGF-1 plasmid-based therapeutic in the United States and Europe. In March 2006, sanofi-aventis released encouraging data from the Phase 2 trial demonstrating improvement in amputation-free survival in patients with CLI. In 2007, sanofi-aventis announced that it had begun a 500 patient Phase 3 study of the FGF-1 plasmid-based therapeutic, now called Temusi ® . The trial is designed to be conducted in patients with CLI, with combined trial endpoints of major amputation or death. Sanofi-aventis has completed enrollment in the Phase 3 trial and expects final data in late 2010.
Our agreement with sanofi-aventis specifies that we will receive milestone payments plus royalties as products advance through commercialization. Sanofi-aventis has the right to terminate our agreement without cause upon 60 days prior written notice.
Merck. In 1991, we entered into an agreement with Merck, which was subsequently amended, providing Merck with certain exclusive rights to develop and commercialize vaccines using our core DNA delivery technology for specified human diseases. Under the agreement, as amended, Merck licensed our core DNA delivery technology for use in preventive and therapeutic human infectious disease vaccines.
In 2003, we amended the agreement, providing Merck options for rights to use our core DNA delivery technology for three cancer targets. The two disclosed targets were human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, or HER-2, and carcinoembryonic antigen, or CEA. In addition, Merck returned rights to us for certain infectious disease vaccines. Merck has retained rights to use the licensed technology for HIV, hepatitis C virus, and hepatitis B virus. In June 2005, Merck exercised the options related to three cancer targets that were granted under the 2003 amendment. As a result of the option exercise, we received a payment of $3.0 million.
In 2005, Merck initiated a Phase 1 clinical trial of a DNA cancer vaccine based on our DNA delivery technology that uses pDNA encoding HER-2 and CEA. As a result of Merck reaching this milestone, we received a payment of $1.0 million. The Phase 1 trial will evaluate the safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of the vaccine. Further development may lead to additional milestone and royalty payments.
As a result of Merck’s initiation of a Phase 1 clinical trial of another investigational plasmid DNA cancer vaccine and the ongoing development of this vaccine, we received milestone payments of $1.5 million and $1.0 million in 2009 and 2008, respectively. The candidate vaccine is based on our DNA gene delivery technology and encodes human telomerase reverse transcriptase, or hTERT.
Merck is obligated to pay fees if certain research milestones are achieved, and royalties on net sales if any products covered by our agreement with Merck are commercialized. For some indications, we may have an opportunity to co-promote product sales. Merck has the right to terminate this agreement without cause upon 90 days prior written notice.
Aqua Health. In 2003, we granted a non-exclusive license to Aqua Health for use in Canada of our core DNA delivery technology in a vaccine against a disease that affects both wild and farm-raised fish. In 2005, Aqua Health received notification of approval from the Canadian Food Inspection Agency to sell its proprietary product, Apex-IHN ® , a DNA vaccine to protect farm-raised salmon against IHNV. We believe this approval is an important step in the validation of our DNA delivery technology. We have recognized de minimis license fees and royalty revenues on sales of this vaccine.
Merial . In 2004, we granted an exclusive license to Merial for use of our core DNA delivery technology in a therapeutic vaccine designed to aid in extending survival time of dogs with oral melanoma. Under the agreement, Merial is responsible for research and development activities. In March 2009, Merial received approval from the USDA to market the DNA vaccine, now called ONCEPT™. Merial pays royalties to us on sales of the vaccine.
 
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Government Collaborators
We have entered into several Collaborative Research and Development Agreements, or CRADAs, with the NIH, the Naval Medical Research Center, and the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases to promote the development and use of our technologies in DNA vaccine candidates. Our general responsibility under each CRADA includes providing materials and/or expertise to the government agency in return for an option to obtain an exclusive license for rights to any intellectual property that result from the CRADA.
NIH Vaccine Research Center
The NIH through its Dale and Betty Bumpers Vaccine Research Center, or VRC, has clinical stage vaccine programs based on our technology for HIV. The NIH has also completed Phase 1 studies based on our technology for Ebola, West Nile virus, or WNV, and SARS.
HIV. The VRC began a Phase 1 trial in healthy human subjects of an investigational DNA vaccine against HIV in 2002. The trial involved priming an immune response with multiple doses of a plasmid DNA vaccine, based on our proprietary DNA delivery technology, and boosting the response with an adenoviral vector vaccine given at a later date. The vaccine incorporates parts of four HIV genes. Three of these vaccine components are modified versions of HIV genes called gag, pol and nef, synthetically made based on a sequence from clade B, the subtype that predominates in Europe and North America. The fourth vaccine component is a modified version of the HIV gene named env. The env gene codes for a protein on the outer coat of the virus that allows it to recognize and attach to human cells. VRC scientists combined modified env from clades A and C, which are the most common in Africa and parts of Asia, with the modified env gene from clade B. HIV clades A, B and C, are involved in about 85% of all HIV infections around the world. The study was performed by the HIV Vaccine Trials Network, or HVTN, an NIAID-supported clinical trials group that evaluates and compares different HIV/AIDS vaccine candidates.
Data on eight healthy volunteers from the Phase 1 trial was presented at the AIDS Vaccine 2005 International Conference in Montreal, Canada. Cellular and antibody responses were several-fold higher in subjects vaccinated with a DNA prime followed by an adenoviral vector boost than in subjects who had received either DNA or adenoviral vector vaccine alone. In August 2006, the NIH presented additional preliminary data from the Phase 1 trial at the AIDS Vaccine 2006 Conference in Amsterdam. The vaccine was well-tolerated, and results were consistent with data previously reported at the Montreal conference. Results in 14 volunteers indicated that a prime-boost regimen produced more polyfunctional T-cells than either modality alone. Polyfunctional T-cells are believed to be important for an effective HIV vaccine.
Based on encouraging results in prior studies, the NIH initiated a Phase 2a clinical trial in 2005 of the “prime-boost” vaccine approach against HIV in several hundred patients. In 2007, the NIH released results from its Phase 2a HIV vaccine trial using a DNA prime-adenoviral vector boost approach. The results showed the vaccine regimen was safe and well-tolerated, and was effective in inducing T-cell immune responses in up to 70% of the vaccine recipients. The NIH planned to further test the DNA prime-adenoviral vector boost approach in a trial known as the PAVE 100 study, which was designed to enroll 8,500 volunteers. We manufactured the DNA prime component of the vaccine to be used in the PAVE 100 study. The study was to begin recruitment in October 2007, but was postponed following the NIH’s review of interim data from an unrelated Phase 2b trial known as the STEP study which utilized an adenoviral vector vaccine alone. The NIH concluded that the adenoviral vector vaccine failed to prevent HIV infection or reduce viral load, and the vaccinated group in the STEP study exhibited a higher incidence of infection than the placebo group. In July 2008, after soliciting and considering broad input from the scientific and HIV communities, the NIH determined that it would not conduct the PAVE 100 study.
The NIH started enrollment in 2009 of 1,350 HIV-seronegative men in a Phase 2b trial of a prime-boost vaccine regimen for HIV using three doses of DNA vaccine, previously manufactured by us for the PAVE 100 study, followed by a single dose of adenoviral vector vaccine.
 
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Contract Manufacturing for the VRC
In 2002, we entered into a subcontract agreement, which was subsequently amended, to manufacture HIV, Ebola, WNV, and SARS DNA vaccines for the VRC. In 2003, we entered into a separate subcontract agreement to manufacture bulk DNA vaccines for the VRC. These subcontracts were issued and managed on behalf of the VRC by SAIC-Frederick, Inc. under the umbrella of a federally funded contract with the NIH. We have completed all production orders under both subcontract agreements. We do not expect to receive future material orders for the manufacture of bulk DNA from the subcontractor as the subcontractor has built its own DNA vaccine manufacturing facility to meet the future manufacturing needs of the VRC.
Contract Manufacturing for the Navy Medical Research Center
In 2008, we entered into a contract with the Naval Medical Research Center, or NMRC, to manufacture a dengue DNA vaccine formulated with our Vaxfectin ® adjuvant. The NMRC plans to conduct preclinical and Phase 1 evaluation of the vaccine. In support of the program, we manufactured the vaccine and the adjuvant under a $1.3 million contract, and provided regulatory and clinical expertise. The dengue vaccine was delivered to the NMRC in 2009.
In May 2009, we entered into a CRADA with the NMRC, to develop a H1N1 DNA vaccine formulated with our Vaxfectin ® adjuvant. Under the agreement we are obligated to manufacture the vaccine and adjuvant, perform pre-clinical studies, submit an IND to the FDA, and develop a clinical immunoassay. In June 2009, we completed the preclinical studies of our vaccine against A/H1N1 pandemic influenza which was found to produce robust immune responses well above the accepted protection threshold in 100% of vaccinated mice and rabbits after a standard two-dose vaccine regimen. In addition, at least 75% of vaccinated animals achieved or exceeded the protection threshold after a single dose of vaccine. The NMRC plans to utilize the vaccine in a Phase 1 clinical trial expected to begin in the first quarter of 2010.
Manufacturing Process Development
In 2005, we were awarded funding for a one-year, $0.5 million project for the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency of the U.S. Department of Defense. The award funded feasibility studies of a new approach for rapidly manufacturing large quantities of DNA vaccines. In 2007, we were awarded funding for a three-year, $6.0 million grant from the NIAID for further development of a DNA vaccine manufacturing process with the potential to produce several million doses of vaccines in a matter of days. Our RapidResponse™ DNA vaccine manufacturing platform is intended to significantly reduce the time required to develop, manufacture and deploy vaccines against emerging diseases during the early stages of an infectious outbreak. The RapidResponse™ platform produces a small segment of DNA, called a linear expression cassette, which includes only those DNA sequences essential for the specific vaccine. The bacterial fermentation process typically used for DNA vaccines produces a closed loop of DNA, called a plasmid, which must include DNA sequences required in the manufacturing process.
Conventional vaccine development and manufacturing methods require prolonged effort after the emergence of a new pathogen for production of even a single dose for testing. Current DNA vaccine development and manufacturing processes allow initial production of vaccines in as little as three months after selection of a gene sequence associated with a pathogen, but quantities are limited by the batch-processing capacity of available manufacturing equipment. By using a cell-free manufacturing process, we believe that the RapidResponse™ DNA platform can overcome the time, capacity and cost challenges of manufacturing conventional vaccines for diseases such as influenza, which use killed or disabled viruses grown in chicken eggs or via cell culture, requiring months of production time in large, dedicated facilities.
Academic Research Institutions
Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation . Under a 1989 research agreement, scientists at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, and our scientists co-invented a core technology related to intramuscular DNA
 
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administration. In 1991, we licensed from the WARF its interest in that technology. We paid the WARF an initial license fee and agreed to pay the WARF a percentage of certain initial upfront monetary payments and a small percentage of some royalty payments received from third parties under sublicense agreements.
University of Michigan . In 1992, we licensed from the University of Michigan rights to various U.S. and international patents that provide additional protection for Allovectin-7 ® related to the injection of DNA-based therapeutics into tumors. In July 2005, we amended the agreement to exclude certain patents. In February 2006, we entered into an additional agreement with the University of Michigan which provides for rights to a composition of matter patent related to a polycistronic plasmid and the use of this plasmid for the treatment of solid tumors, which we believe provides additional protection for Allovectin-7 ® .
University of Massachusetts. In 2006, we licensed from the University of Massachusetts certain intellectual property related to the use of DNA-based vaccines with influenza.
The Wistar Institute. In 2008, we licensed from The Wistar Institute exclusive, worldwide rights to Wistar’s Towne strain of CMV and related technologies. The Towne strain is an attenuated, or weakened, form of human CMV. We believe these exclusive rights enhance our CMV portfolio. 
We also have granted non-exclusive, academic licenses to our DNA delivery technology patent estate to 11 leading research institutions including Stanford, Harvard, Yale and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The academic licenses are intended to encourage widespread commercial use of our innovative DNA delivery technologies in the development of new antibodies, vaccines, therapeutic proteins, and diagnostics. The academic licenses allow university researchers to use our technology free of charge for educational and internal, non-commercial research purposes. In exchange, we have the option to exclusively license from the universities potential commercial applications stemming from their use of the technology on terms to be negotiated.
Corporate Collaborators—In-licensing
CytRx . In 2001, we entered into an exclusive agreement with CytRx Corporation, or CytRx, which grants us rights to use or sublicense CytRx’s poloxamer technology to enhance viral or non-viral delivery of polynucleotides in all unexcluded preventive and therapeutic human and animal health applications, including CMV. In addition, the agreement permits our use of CytRx’s technology to enhance the delivery of proteins in prime-boost vaccine applications that involve the use of polynucleotides. As part of the agreement, we made a $3.8 million up-front payment and agreed to make potential future milestone and royalty payments.
We have also licensed other technologies on exclusive and non-exclusive bases in the ordinary course of our business.
Intellectual Property
Patents and other proprietary rights are essential to our business. We file patent applications to protect our technologies, inventions, and improvements to our inventions that we consider important to the development of our business. We believe we have a comprehensive patent portfolio in the United States and in key foreign markets. We also rely upon trade secrets, know-how, continuing technological innovations and licensing opportunities to develop and maintain our competitive position.
Our patents and patent applications cover, for example, DNA delivery for immunization and delivery of therapeutic proteins, specific DNA constructs and formulations of gene-based product candidates, methods for producing pharmaceutical-grade DNA, and several families of lipid molecules and their uses in DNA delivery, as described more fully below:
 
 	•	 	Core DNA Delivery Technology . We own rights to issued U.S. patents covering our core DNA delivery technology, including patents on methods of administering DNA sequences for the purposes of expressing therapeutic proteins or for inducing immune responses. Other issued patents specifically	
 
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 	cover the administration of DNA sequences into blood vessels and the heart. We are also an exclusive licensee of a broad patent covering methods for the non-viral, gene-based delivery of physiologically active polypeptides or proteins. Among the most advanced human applications that would use this technology are the clinical programs being run by our partners AnGes and sanofi-aventis in the field of angiogenesis;	
 
 	•	 	Lipid Technologies . We have received issued U.S. patents covering numerous examples of cationic lipid compounds that are used to facilitate delivery of gene therapies to some tissues. These patented compounds include the lipids contained in some of our product candidates as well as our adjuvant Vaxfectin ® . Patent protection of these key lipids also has been obtained in Europe, Canada and Japan;	
 
 	•	 	Specific DNA Therapeutics . We have supplemented the broad patent coverage described above with patents covering specific product applications of our technologies. To date, we have received patents issued in the United States and granted in Japan covering Allovectin-7 ® and other patents related to DNA delivery to the heart, including gene-based delivery of vascular endothelial growth factors, and gene-based delivery of IL-2 for the treatment of cancer;	
 
 	•	 	DNA Process Technologies . As a result of our pioneering efforts to develop the use of DNA as a therapeutic agent, we have also developed manufacturing processes for producing pharmaceutical-grade DNA. We have received issued U.S. and granted European patents covering various steps involved in the process of economically producing pure plasmids for pharmaceutical use; and	
 
 	•	 	Licensed DNA Delivery Technologies . We have licensed from the University of Michigan rights to various U.S. and international patents related to the injection of DNA-based therapeutics into tumors that, for example, provide additional protection for Allovectin-7 ® .	
During 2009, we were issued four U.S. patents related to our core DNA delivery technology, enhancements of that technology, and applications of that technology:
 
 	•	 	U.S. Patent No. 7,628,993, covering DNA vaccines for herpes simplex virus type 2;	
 
 	•	 	U.S. Patent No. 7,582,613, covering Vaxfectin ® -formulated DNA vaccines for any circulating or potential influenza viruses, including both seasonal and pandemic strains;	
 
 	•	 	U.S. Patent No. 7,537,768 covering the use of influenza virus gene sequences in a universal vaccine; and	
 
 	•	 	U.S. Patent No. 7,470,675 covering the composition, delivery and use of gene-based interferon-omega, which may help direct and control the immune system.	
As of December 31, 2009, we were the assignee or co-assignee of 66 issued U.S. and foreign patents. We maintain our issued patents by paying maintenance fees to the patent office in each country when due. Where appropriate, we participate in legal proceedings to vigorously defend against the revocation or withdrawal of our patents. The scope and nature of these proceedings generally differ depending on the country in which they are initiated. Among these issued patents, a granted patent in Europe related to our core DNA delivery technology has been opposed by eight parties and revoked under an initial ruling which we are appealing; and a patent granted in Europe covering a range of applications of our core DNA delivery technology using cationic lipid formulations was opposed, and maintained in amended form. If we are not successful in defending our patents, we may lose all or part of our proprietary rights related to those patents in these geographic regions.
As of December 31, 2009, we were also prosecuting 92 pending patent applications in the United States and in foreign countries that cover various aspects of our proprietary technologies, not including patent applications for which we are a co-assignee and that are being prosecuted by our partners. Five of the pending foreign patent applications are international patent applications under the Patent Cooperation Treaty, each of which preserves our right to pursue national-phase patent applications in a large number of foreign countries. In addition, we are co-assignee, together with Merck, of U.S. and foreign patent applications related to DNA-based vaccines against influenza that are being prosecuted by Merck.
 
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See “Item 3—Legal Proceedings,” for a discussion of patent-related disputes, oppositions, and prosecution status. See also “Risk Factors—Our patents and proprietary rights may not provide us with any benefit and the patents of others may prevent us from commercializing our products,” and “The legal proceedings to obtain and defend patents, and litigation of third-party claims of intellectual property infringement, could require us to spend money and could impair our operations.”
Commercialization and Manufacturing
Because of the broad potential applications of our technologies, we intend to develop and commercialize products both on our own and through our collaborators and licensees. We intend to develop and commercialize products in well-defined specialty markets, such as infectious diseases, oncology and other life-threatening diseases. Where appropriate, we intend to rely on strategic marketing and distribution alliances.
We believe our plasmids can be produced in commercial quantities through uniform methods of fermentation and processing that are applicable to all plasmids. In addition, our formulations consist of components that are synthesized chemically using traditional, readily scalable organic synthesis procedures.
We produce and supply our own plasmids for all of our research needs and clinical trials and intend to produce sufficient supplies for all foreseeable clinical investigations. In 2002, we signed a 15-year lease on our current facility, which we believe will be sufficient for our foreseeable commercial manufacturing requirements. The facility received a California Food and Drug Branch manufacturing facility license and began production in 2004. We also engage in contract manufacturing of plasmid investigational products for selected clients.
Competition
We are aware of several development-stage and established enterprises, including major pharmaceutical and biotechnology firms, which are actively engaged in infectious disease vaccine research and development. These include sanofi-aventis, Novartis, GlaxoSmithKline plc, MedImmune, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of AstraZeneca, Merck and Pfizer Inc. among others. We may also experience competition from companies that have acquired or may acquire technologies from companies, universities and other research institutions. As these companies develop their technologies, they may develop proprietary technologies which may materially and adversely affect our business.
In addition, a number of companies are developing products to address the same diseases that we are targeting. For example, sanofi-aventis, MedImmune, Roche, GlaxoSmithKline, AlphaVax, and others have products or development programs for CMV treatment and prevention. Medarex Inc. in conjunction with Bristol-Myers Squibb, Genentech, Abraxis BioScience, and others are developing treatments for melanoma. If these or any other companies develop products with efficacy or safety profiles significantly better than our products, we may not be able to commercialize our products, and sales of any of our commercialized products could be harmed.
Some of our competitors and potential competitors have substantially greater product development capabilities and financial, scientific, marketing and human resources than we do. Competitors may develop products earlier, obtain FDA approvals for products more rapidly, or develop products that are more effective than those under development by us. We will seek to expand our technological capabilities to remain competitive, however, research and development by others may render our technologies or products obsolete or noncompetitive, or result in treatments or cures superior to ours.
Our competitive position will be affected by the disease indications addressed by our product candidates and those of our competitors, the timing of market introduction for these products and the stage of development of other technologies to address these disease indications. For us and our competitors, proprietary technologies, the ability to complete clinical trials on a timely basis and with the desired results, and the ability to obtain timely
 
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regulatory approvals to market these product candidates are likely to be significant competitive factors. Other important competitive factors will include the efficacy, safety, ease of use, reliability, availability and price of products and the ability to fund operations during the period between technological conception and commercial sales.
The FDA and other regulatory agencies may expand current requirements for public disclosure of DNA-based product development data, which may harm our competitive position with foreign and U.S. companies developing DNA-based products for similar indications.
Government Regulation
Any products we develop will require regulatory clearances prior to clinical trials and additional regulatory approvals prior to commercialization. New gene-based products for vaccine or therapeutic applications are subject to extensive regulation by the FDA and comparable agencies in other countries. The precise regulatory requirements with which we will have to comply are uncertain at this time due to the novelty of the gene-based products and indications, or uses, that are currently under development. Our potential products will be regulated either as biological products or as drugs. In the United States, drugs are subject to regulation under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, or the FDC Act. Biological products, in addition to being subject to provisions of the FDC Act, are regulated in the United States under the Public Health Service Act. Both statutes and related regulations govern, among other things, testing, manufacturing, safety, efficacy, labeling, storage, record keeping, advertising, and other promotional practices.
Obtaining FDA approval is a costly and time-consuming process. Generally, FDA approval requires that preclinical studies be conducted in the laboratory and in animal model systems to gain preliminary information on efficacy and to identify any major safety concerns. The results of these studies are submitted as a part of an IND application which the FDA must review and allow before human clinical trials can start. The IND application includes a detailed description of the proposed clinical investigations.
A company must submit an IND application for each proposed product and must conduct clinical studies to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the product necessary to obtain FDA approval. The FDA receives reports on the progress of each phase of clinical testing and may require the modification, suspension, or termination of clinical trials if an unwarranted risk is presented to patients.
To obtain FDA approval prior to marketing a pharmaceutical product in the United States typically requires several phases of clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the product candidate. Clinical trials are the means by which experimental treatments are tested in humans, and are conducted following preclinical testing. Clinical trials may be conducted within the United States or in foreign countries. If clinical trials are conducted in foreign countries, the products under development as well as the trials are subject to regulations of the FDA and/or its counterparts in the other countries. Upon successful completion of clinical trials, approval to market the treatment for a particular patient population may be requested from the FDA in the United States and/or its counterparts in other countries.
Clinical trials for therapeutic products are normally done in three phases. Phase 1 clinical trials are typically conducted with a small number of patients or healthy subjects to evaluate safety, determine a safe dosage range, identify side effects, and, if possible, gain early evidence of effectiveness. Phase 2 clinical trials are conducted with a larger group of patients to evaluate effectiveness of an investigational product for a defined patient population, and to determine common short-term side effects and risks associated with the drug. Phase 3 clinical trials involve large scale, multi-center, comparative trials that are conducted to evaluate the overall benefit-risk relationship of the investigational product and to provide an adequate basis for product labeling. In some special cases where the efficacy testing of a product may present a special challenge to testing in humans, such as in the case of a vaccine to protect healthy humans from a life-threatening disease that is not a naturally occurring threat, effectiveness testing may be required in animals.
 
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After completion of clinical trials of a new product, FDA marketing approval must be obtained. If the product is regulated as a biologic, a Biologics License Application, or BLA, is required. If the product is classified as a new drug, a New Drug Application, or NDA, is required. The NDA or BLA must include results of product development activities, preclinical studies, and clinical trials in addition to detailed chemistry, manufacturing and control information.
Applications submitted to the FDA are subject to an unpredictable and potentially prolonged approval process. Despite good-faith communication and collaboration between the applicant and the FDA during the development process, the FDA may ultimately decide, upon final review of the data, that the application does not satisfy its criteria for approval or requires additional product development or further preclinical or clinical studies. Even if FDA regulatory clearances are obtained, a marketed product is subject to continual review, and later discovery of previously unknown problems or failure to comply with the applicable regulatory requirements may result in restrictions on the marketing of a product or withdrawal of the product from the market as well as possible civil or criminal sanctions.
Before marketing clearance for a product can be secured, the facility in which the product is manufactured must be inspected by the FDA and must comply with cGMP regulations. In addition, after marketing clearance is secured, the manufacturing facility must be inspected periodically for cGMP compliance by FDA inspectors, and, if the facility is located in California, by inspectors from the Food and Drug Branch of the California Department of Health Services.
In addition to the FDA requirements, the NIH has established guidelines for research involving human genetic materials, including recombinant DNA molecules. The FDA cooperates in the enforcement of these guidelines, which apply to all recombinant DNA research that is conducted at facilities supported by the NIH, including proposals to conduct clinical research involving gene therapies. The NIH review of clinical trial proposals and safety information is a public process and often involves review and approval by the Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee, or RAC, of the NIH.
Sponsors of clinical trials are required to register, and report results for, all controlled, clinical investigations, other than Phase 1 investigations, of a product subject to FDA regulation. Trial registration may require public disclosure of confidential commercial development data resulting in the loss of competitive secrets, which could be commercially detrimental.
We also are subject to various federal, state and local laws, regulations, and recommendations relating to safe working conditions, laboratory and manufacturing practices, the experimental use of animals, and the use and disposal of hazardous or potentially hazardous substances, including radioactive compounds and infectious disease agents, used in connection with our research. The extent of government regulation that might result from any future legislation or administrative action cannot be accurately predicted.
Employees
As of December 31, 2009, we had 113 full-time employees, including 16 with doctorate degrees. Of these full-time employees, 92 were engaged in, or directly support, research and development and manufacturing activities, and 21 were in general and administrative positions. A significant number of our management and other employees have prior experience with pharmaceutical and/or biotechnology companies. None of our employees is covered by collective bargaining agreements, and our management considers relations with our employees to be good.
 
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Executive Officers of the Registrant
Our executive officers and other executives are as follows:

Name	  	Age 1	  	Position	
Vijay B. Samant 2	  	57	  	President, Chief Executive Officer and Director	
Jill M. Broadfoot 2	  	48	  	Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary	
Alain P. Rolland, Pharm.D., Ph.D. 2	  	50	  	Executive Vice President, Product Development	
Richard T. Kenney, M.D.	  	51	  	Vice President, Clinical Development	
Kevin R. Bracken	  	61	  	Vice President, Manufacturing	
Andrew R. de Guttadauro	  	43	  	Vice President, Corporate Development	
Larry R. Smith, Ph.D.	  	49	  	Vice President, Vaccine Research	

1	As of December 31, 2009.	
2	Executive officer.	
Vijay B. Samant joined us as President and Chief Executive Officer in November 2000. Previously, he held various positions at Merck, from 1977 to 2000. From 1998 to 2000, he was Chief Operating Officer of the Merck Vaccine Division. From 1990 to 1998, he served in the Merck Manufacturing Division as Vice President of Vaccine Operations, Vice President of Business Affairs and Executive Director of Materials Management. From 1977 to 1990, Mr. Samant held a variety of positions of increasing responsibility in manufacturing, process engineering, production planning and control, business development and loss prevention in several Merck operating divisions. Mr. Samant holds a bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering from the University of Bombay, India, an M.S. degree in chemical engineering from Columbia University and an M.B.A. degree from the Sloan School of Management at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Mr. Samant is a director of the Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation, a not-for-profit organization working to develop tuberculosis vaccines, serves on the Project Management Subcommittee of the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative and is on the Board of Trustees of the National Foundation for Infectious Diseases and the International Vaccine Institute in Seoul, South Korea.
Jill M. Broadfoot joined us as Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary in October 2004 and was named Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary in January 2009. From February 1999 until joining us, Ms. Broadfoot held various positions at DJO Incorporated, a publicly-traded medical device company, most recently as Vice President of Finance and Controller with broad responsibilities in finance, accounting, treasury, risk management, and corporate governance. From September 1994 until joining DJO Incorporated, Ms. Broadfoot served as an audit manager at Ernst & Young LLP, where her clients included life sciences, computer software and telecommunications companies as well as government contractors. From June 1990 until joining Ernst & Young, she was Division Controller at Medical Imaging Centers of America, Inc., a chain of freestanding imaging centers and mobile imaging centers, where she held divisional accounting and financial reporting responsibilities. Ms. Broadfoot received her bachelor’s degree in business administration and accounting from San Diego State University, and is a Certified Public Accountant.
Alain P. Rolland, Pharm.D., Ph.D. , joined us as Vice President, Product Development in August 2002. He was named Senior Vice President, Product Development in April 2004 and Executive Vice President, Product Development in January 2009. Dr. Rolland was Senior Vice President of Pre-Clinical Research and Development, and Head of The Woodlands Center of Valentis, Inc. from 2000 to 2002. From 1993 to 1999, he served in several positions at a predecessor company to Valentis, Inc., GeneMedicine, Inc., where he progressed from Director of Gene Delivery to Vice President of Research. From 1989 to 1993, he was the Head of Formulation Research at the Research & Development Center of Galderma International in France. Prior to that, he was a scientist at the Advanced Drug Delivery Research Center of Ciba Geigy Pharmaceuticals in the United Kingdom. He received his Pharm.D., D.E.A., and Ph.D. degrees from Rennes University, France. Dr. Rolland holds several U.S. and European patents on advanced drug and gene delivery for medical applications. He has
 
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authored numerous publications and books in the area of nonviral gene delivery resulting from his active career in research and development. He also serves on the editorial board of several journals and was the founding Editor-in-Chief of “Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology.”
Richard T. Kenney, M.D. , joined us as Vice President, Clinical Development, in December 2009. Prior to joining us, Dr. Kenney held key positions in influenza and biodefense vaccine development at GSK Biologicals (formerly ID Biomedical) from 2005 to 2009, most recently as Senior Director of Global Clinical R&D, Vaccines for Viral Diseases. His initial role at ID Biomedical was Vice President, Clinical & Regulatory Affairs. From 2001 to 2005, he served as Vice President, Clinical Development and then as Vice President, Medical & Regulatory Affairs at IOMAI Corporation. Dr. Kenney advanced through several positions from 1995 to 2001 as a researcher/reviewer at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Office of Vaccine Research and Review. After completing his residency in internal medicine at Duke University Medical Center, Dr. Kenney pursued postdoctoral training at the NIAID, completing a fellowship in infectious diseases, and then in molecular parasitology and tropical medicine. He received board certifications in Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases. He graduated with honors from George Washington University and earned his M.D. degree at Harvard Medical School in 1985.
Kevin R. Bracken joined us as Vice President, Manufacturing in October 2001. From July 1998 to October 2001, Mr. Bracken was Vice President, Process Engineering and Manufacturing for Universal Preservation Technologies, Inc., and from November 1995 to July 1998, he was Director of Engineering for Molecular Biosystems, Inc. Prior to November 1995, he held a variety of process and engineering positions with Gilead Sciences, Inc., and a predecessor company, Vestar, Inc., with Baxter International, and with E.I. duPont de Nemours and Company. He brings experience in commercial scale-up of biopharmaceutical manufacturing facilities, process development and optimization, and direction of research, preclinical and clinical production and contract manufacturing. Mr. Bracken earned his M.S. degree in chemical engineering from the University of Rochester in 1973, and his B.S. degree in chemical engineering from the University of Delaware in 1970.
Andrew R. de Guttadauro joined us as Vice President, Corporate Development in August 2007. Prior to joining Vical, Mr. de Guttadauro was Senior Director of Strategy at Biogen Idec, Inc., a public biotechnology company, since February 2007, following a two-year assignment overseeing the commercial development of that company’s product Zevalin, the first radioimmunotherapy product approved for use in the United States. Before joining Biogen Idec, he spent the prior year at MedImmune, a public pharmaceutical company, where he directed marketing efforts for the FluMist inhaled influenza vaccine. Prior to joining MedImmune, Mr. de Guttadauro served in various marketing positions of increasing responsibility at Amgen Inc. over a six-year period, with direct involvement in the marketing of Enbrel, Kineret, Aranesp, and Epogen products. He spent the first seven years of his career at Tap Pharmaceutical Products, Inc., where he served in a series of sales and marketing positions, including contributions to the success of Prevacid and Lupron. Mr. de Guttadauro earned a bachelor of science degree in engineering from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, followed by a three-year tour of duty as a Captain in the U.S. Army.
Larry R. Smith, Ph.D. , joined us as Executive Director, Vaccinology in September 2003, and was named Vice President, Vaccine Research in October 2006. Prior to joining Vical, Dr. Smith was Director of Viral Vaccines Research at Wyeth Vaccines, where he oversaw the immunogenicity testing of various viral vaccines including a number of recombinant viral vectors. Prior to joining Wyeth in 1996, Dr. Smith was a Scientific Investigator at Immune Response, where he identified autoreactive T-cell targets in psoriasis and multiple sclerosis which led to the clinical testing of several therapeutic vaccine candidates. Dr. Smith received a B.S. degree in Biology from Purdue University, a Ph.D. in Microbiology and Immunology from the University of Texas Medical Branch, and was a postdoctoral fellow in the Immunology Department at Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation.
 
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 ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
You should consider carefully the risks described below, together with all of the other information included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and in our other filings with the SEC, before deciding whether to invest in or continue to hold our common stock. The risks described below are all material risks currently known, expected or reasonably foreseeable by us. If any of these risks actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flow could be seriously harmed. This could cause the trading price of our common stock to decline, resulting in a loss of all or part of your investment.
None of our independently developed product candidates has been approved for sale, and we have a limited number of independently developed product candidates in clinical trials. If we do not develop commercially successful products, we may be forced to curtail or cease operations.
All of our independently developed product candidates are either in research or development. We must conduct a substantial amount of additional research and development before any U.S. or foreign regulatory authority will approve any of our product candidates. Limited data exist regarding the efficacy of DNA vaccines or therapeutics compared with conventional vaccines or therapeutics. Results of our research and development activities may indicate that our product candidates are unsafe or ineffective. In this case, regulatory authorities will not approve them.
For example, our independently developed product candidates currently in clinical development include Allovectin-7 ® , for which we announced the completion of enrollment of a Phase 3 clinical trial in 2010, TransVax™, for which we reported interim results from a Phase 2 clinical study in 2009, and our H5N1 pandemic influenza vaccine, for which we completed a Phase 1 study in 2008. We may not meet the primary endpoint of the Allovectin-7 ® trial for which a Special Protocol Assessment agreement is in place with the FDA. TransVax™ may not meet the endpoints in the Phase 2 trial and we may not conduct additional TransVax™ trials. We may not conduct additional pandemic influenza trials, and the future trials, if any, may not demonstrate sufficient efficacy to support further product development.
Additionally, we are in early stages of development with other product candidates. These product candidates will require significant costs to advance through the development stages. If such product candidates are advanced through clinical trials, the results of such trials may not support approval by the FDA or comparable foreign agencies. Even if approved, our products may not be commercially successful, particularly if they do not gain market acceptance among physicians, patients, healthcare payers and relevant medical communities. If we fail to develop and commercialize our products, we may be forced to curtail or cease operations.
Our revenues partially depend on the development and commercialization of products in collaboration with others to whom we have licensed our technologies. If our collaborators or licensees are not successful, or if we are unable to find collaborators or licensees in the future, we may not be able to derive revenues from these arrangements or may be forced to curtail our development and commercialization of certain products.
We have licensed, and may continue to license, our technologies to corporate collaborators and licensees for the research, development and commercialization of specified product candidates. Our revenues partially depend upon the performance by these collaborators and licensees of their responsibilities under these arrangements.
Some collaborators or licensees may not succeed in their product development efforts, such as our former licensee, Corautus Genetics Inc., who discontinued development efforts of a product for which they had licensed our core DNA delivery technology for specific cardiovascular applications. Other collaborators or licensees may not devote sufficient time or resources to the programs covered by these arrangements, causing us to derive little or no revenue from these arrangements, or may cease to support our development and commercialization efforts.
Our collaborators and licensees may breach or terminate their agreements with us, including some that may terminate their agreements without cause at any time subject to certain prior written notice requirements, and we
 
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may be unsuccessful in entering into and maintaining other collaborative arrangements for the development and commercialization of products using our technologies. If we are unable to maintain existing collaboration arrangements or enter into new ones, our ability to generate licensing, milestone or royalty revenues would be materially impaired.
Some of our independent product candidates and some of those under development by our sublicensees incorporate technologies we have licensed from others. If we are unable to retain rights to use these technologies, we or our sublicensees may not be able to market products incorporating these technologies on a commercially feasible basis, if at all.
We have licensed certain technologies from corporate collaborators and research institutions, and sublicensed certain of such technologies to others, for use in the research, development and commercialization of product candidates. Our product development efforts and those of our sublicensees partially depend upon continued access to these technologies. For example, we or our licensors may breach or terminate our agreements, or disagree on interpretations of those agreements, which could prevent continued access to these technologies. If we were unable to resolve such matters on satisfactory terms, or at all, we or our sublicensees may be unable to develop and commercialize our products, and we may be forced to curtail or cease operations.
A significant portion of our revenue is derived from agreements with government agencies, which are subject to termination and uncertain future funding.
We have entered into agreements with government agencies, such as the NIH and NMRC, and we intend to continue entering into these agreements in the future. For example, we receive grants from governmental agencies and have in the past entered into agreements to manufacture vaccines for such agencies. Our business is partially dependent on the continued performance by these government agencies of their responsibilities under these agreements, including adequate continued funding of the agencies and their programs. We have no control over the resources and funding that government agencies may devote to these agreements, which may be subject to annual renewal and which generally may be terminated by the government agencies at any time.
Government agencies may fail to perform their responsibilities under these agreements, which may cause them to be terminated by the government agencies. In addition, we may fail to perform our responsibilities under these agreements. Many of our government agreements are subject to audits which may occur several years after the period to which the audit relates. If an audit identifies significant unallowable costs, we could incur a material charge to our earnings or reduction in our cash position. As a result, we may be unsuccessful entering or ineligible to enter into future government agreements.
We apply for and have received funding from various government agencies. Eligibility of public companies to receive grants, such as Small Business Technology Transfer and Small Business Innovation Research grants, may be based on size and ownership criteria which are under review by the Small Business Administration, or SBA. As a result, our eligibility may change in the future, and additional funding from these sources may not be available.
We have a history of net losses. We expect to continue to incur net losses and we may not achieve or maintain profitability.
To date, we have not sold, or received approval to sell, any pharmaceutical products. We do not expect to sell any pharmaceutical products for at least the next several years. Our net losses were approximately $28.6 million, $36.9 million and $35.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. As of December 31, 2009, we had incurred cumulative net losses totaling approximately $287.4 million. Moreover, we expect that our net losses will continue and may increase for the foreseeable future. We may not be able to achieve projected results if we generate lower revenues or receive lower investment income than expected, or we incur greater expenses than expected, or all of the above. We may never generate sufficient product revenue to become profitable. We also expect to have quarter-to-quarter fluctuations in revenues, expenses, and losses, some of which could be significant.
 
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We may need additional capital in the future. If additional capital is not available, we may have to curtail or cease operations.
We may need to raise more money to continue the research and development necessary to bring our products to market and to establish marketing and additional manufacturing capabilities. We may seek additional funds through public and private stock offerings, government contracts and grants, arrangements with corporate collaborators, borrowings under lease lines of credit or other sources. We have on file two effective shelf registration statements that collectively allow us to raise up to an additional $140.2 million from the sale of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities and/or warrants. However, we may not be able to raise additional funds on favorable terms, or at all. Recently, the credit markets and the financial services industry have been experiencing a period of unprecedented turmoil and upheaval characterized by the bankruptcy, failure, collapse or sale of various financial institutions and an unprecedented level of intervention from the United States federal government. These events have generally made equity and debt financing more difficult to obtain, and may negatively impact our ability to complete financing transactions. To the extent that we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, our stockholders may experience significant dilution. Any debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants, such as limitations on our ability to incur additional indebtedness and other operating restrictions that could adversely impact our ability to conduct our business.
In January 2010, we entered into a committed equity line of credit with Azimuth Opportunity, Ltd., or Azimuth, under which we may sell to Azimuth, subject to certain limitations, up to $25 million of our common stock over a 24-month period. Azimuth will not be obligated to purchase shares under the equity line of credit unless specified conditions are met, which include a minimum price of $1.50 for our common stock. If we are unable to meet the specified conditions with respect to any sale of shares under the Azimuth equity line of credit, we may be unable to access this source of financing. Azimuth is also permitted to terminate the equity line of credit under certain circumstances.
If we are unable to obtain additional funds, we may have to scale back our development of new products, reduce our workforce or license to others products or technologies that we otherwise would seek to commercialize ourselves. For example, in November 2008, in an effort to reduce expenditures, we announced a strategic restructuring whereby we reduced our workforce by approximately 20% and we accelerated the closure of a research facility. The amount of money we may need would depend on many factors, including:
 
 	•	 	The progress of our research and development programs;	
 
 	•	 	The scope and results of our preclinical studies and clinical trials; and	
 
 	•	 	The time and costs involved in: obtaining necessary regulatory approvals; filing, prosecuting and enforcing patent claims; scaling up our manufacturing capabilities; and the commercial arrangements we may establish.	
The regulatory approval process is expensive, time consuming and uncertain, which may prevent us and our collaborators and licensees from obtaining required approvals for the commercialization of our products.
Our product candidates under development and those of our collaborators and licensees are subject to extensive and rigorous regulations by numerous governmental authorities in the United States and other countries. The regulatory approval process takes many years and will require us to expend substantial resources. For example, the FDA has provided only limited guidelines concerning the size and scope of clinical trials required for gene-based therapeutic and vaccine products.
Therefore, U.S. or foreign regulations could prevent or delay regulatory approval of our products or limit our and our collaborators and licensees’ ability to develop and commercialize our products. Delays could:
 
 	•	 	Impose costly procedures on our activities and those of our collaborators and licensees;	
 
 	•	 	Diminish any competitive advantages that we or our products attain; or	
 
 	•	 	Negatively affect our results of operations and cash flows.	
 
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We have no experience in filing a Biologics License Application, or BLA, or new drug application, or NDA, with the FDA. Because a BLA or NDA must be submitted to and approved by the FDA before any of our product candidates may be commercialized, our lack of experience may impede our ability to obtain FDA approval in a timely manner, if at all, which in turn would delay or prevent us from commercializing those products. Similarly, our lack of experience with respect to obtaining regulatory approvals in countries other than the United States may impede our ability to commercialize our products in those countries.
We believe that the FDA and comparable foreign regulatory bodies will regulate separately each product containing a particular gene depending on its intended use. Presently, to commercialize any product we and our collaborators and licensees must file a regulatory application for each proposed use. We and our collaborators and licensees must conduct clinical studies to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the product necessary to obtain FDA or foreign regulatory authority approval. The results obtained so far in our clinical trials and those of our collaborators and licensees may not be replicated in ongoing or future trials, or the results may be subject to varying interpretation on whether they are sufficient to support approval for commercialization. This may prevent any of our product candidates from receiving approval for commercial sale.
We use recombinant DNA molecules in our product candidates, and therefore we and our collaborators and licensees also must comply with guidelines instituted by the NIH and its Office of Biotechnology Activities. The NIH could restrict or delay the development of our product candidates.
If any of our product candidates receive regulatory approval, the FDA or other foreign regulatory agencies may still impose significant restrictions on the indicated uses or marketing of our product candidates or impose ongoing requirements for potentially costly post-approval studies. In addition, regulatory agencies subject a product, its manufacturer and the manufacturer’s facilities to continual review and periodic inspections. If a regulatory agency discovers previously unknown problems with a product or a product class, including adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, or problems with the facility where the product is manufactured, a regulatory agency may impose restrictions on that product or product class, our collaborators and licensees or us, including requiring withdrawal of a product from the market. Our product candidates will also be subject to ongoing FDA and other foreign regulatory agency requirements for the labeling, packaging, storage, advertising, promotion, record-keeping and submission of safety and other post-market information on the product. If we or our collaborators and licensees fail to maintain regulatory compliance after receiving marketing approval, we or our collaborators and licensees may be unable to market our products and our business could suffer.
Adverse events or the perception of adverse events in the field of gene therapy, or with respect to our product candidates, may negatively impact regulatory approval or public perception of our products.
The commercial success of some of our product candidates will depend in part on public acceptance of the use of gene therapy for preventing or treating human diseases. Serious adverse events, including patient deaths, have occurred in clinical trials utilizing viral delivery systems to deliver therapeutic genes to the patient’s targeted cells. Although none of our current products or studies utilize viral delivery systems, these adverse events, as well as any other adverse events in the field of gene therapy that may occur in the future, may negatively influence public perception of gene therapy in general. If public perception is influenced by claims that gene therapy is unsafe, our product candidates may not be accepted by the general public or the medical community.
Future adverse events in gene therapy or the biotechnology industry could also result in greater governmental regulation, stricter labeling requirements and potential regulatory delays in the testing or approval of our potential products. Any increased scrutiny could delay or increase the costs of our product development efforts or clinical trials. In addition, any adverse events that may occur in our clinical trials and any resulting publicity may cause regulatory delays or otherwise affect our product development efforts or clinical trials.
Some of our potential products may be administered to patients who are suffering from, or are vulnerable to, serious diseases or other conditions which can themselves be life-threatening and often result in the death of the
 
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patient. For example, one patient in our Allovectin-7 ® Phase 2 trial conducted in 2000, died from progressive disease more than two months after receiving Allovectin-7 ® and other cancer therapies. The death was originally reported as unrelated to the treatment. Following an autopsy, the death was reclassified as “probably related” to the treatment because the possibility could not be ruled out. We do not believe Allovectin-7 ® was a significant factor in the patient’s death. Patient deaths in our clinical trials, even if caused by pre-existing diseases or conditions, could negatively affect the perception of our product candidates. In addition, in our TransVax™ Phase 2 trial, we have administered TransVax™ to patients who are at risk of CMV reactivation. Although we do not believe our vaccine candidates could cause the diseases they are designed to protect against, a temporal relationship between vaccination and disease onset could be perceived as causal. Some of our products are designed to stimulate immune responses, and those responses, if particularly strong or uncontrolled, could result in local or systemic adverse events, including latent adverse events.
Our patents and proprietary rights may not provide us with any benefit and the patents of others may prevent us from commercializing our products.
As of December 31, 2009, we were the assignee or co-assignee of 66 issued U.S. and foreign patents. We maintain our issued patents by paying maintenance fees to the patent office in each country when due. Where appropriate, we participate in legal proceedings to vigorously defend against the revocation or withdrawal of our patents. The scope and nature of these proceedings generally differ depending on the country in which they are initiated. Among these issued patents, a granted patent in Europe related to our core DNA delivery technology has been opposed by eight parties and revoked under an initial ruling which we are appealing; and a patent granted in Europe covering a range of applications of our core DNA delivery technology using cationic lipid formulations was opposed, and maintained in amended form. If we are not successful in defending our patents, we may lose all or part of our proprietary rights related to those patents in these geographic regions.
As of December 31, 2009, we were also prosecuting 92 pending patent applications in the United States and in foreign countries that cover various aspects of our proprietary technologies, not including patent applications for which we are a co-assignee and that are being prosecuted by our partners.
We may not receive any patents from our current patent applications. Issued patents provide exclusivity for only a limited time period, after which they no longer serve to protect proprietary technologies or to provide any commercial advantage. Moreover, if patents are issued to us, governmental authorities may not allow claims sufficient to protect our technologies and products. Finally, others may challenge or seek to circumvent or invalidate our patents. In that event, the rights granted under our patents may be inadequate to protect our proprietary technologies or to provide any commercial advantage.
Some components of our gene-based product candidates are, or may become, patented by others. As a result, we may be required to obtain licenses to conduct research, to manufacture, or to market such products. Licenses may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, which may impede our ability to commercialize our products.
In March 2004, the NIH and the FDA launched the jointly developed Genetic Modification Clinical Research Information System, or GeMCRIS, an Internet-based database of human gene transfer trials. GeMCRIS enables individuals to easily view information on particular characteristics of clinical gene transfer trials. Although GeMCRIS includes special security features designed to protect patient privacy and confidential commercial information, these security features may be inadequately designed or enforced, potentially resulting in disclosure of confidential commercial information. In addition, the NIH, in collaboration with the FDA, has developed an Internet site, ClinicalTrials.gov, which provides public access to information on clinical trials and their results for a wide range of diseases and conditions. Future disclosures of such confidential commercial information may result in loss of advantage of competitive secrets.
 
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The legal proceedings to obtain and defend patents, and litigation of third-party claims of intellectual property infringement, could require us to spend money and could impair our operations.
Our success will depend in part on our ability to obtain patent protection for our products and processes, both in the United States and in other countries. The patent positions of biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies, however, can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions. Therefore, it is difficult to predict the breadth of claims allowed in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical fields.
We also rely on confidentiality agreements with our corporate collaborators, employees, consultants and certain contractors to protect our proprietary technologies. However, these agreements may be breached and we may not have adequate remedies for such breaches. In addition, our trade secrets may otherwise become known or independently discovered by our competitors.
Protecting intellectual property rights can be very expensive. Litigation may be necessary to enforce patents issued to us or to determine the scope and validity of third-party proprietary rights. Moreover, if a competitor were to file a patent application claiming technology also invented by us, we would have to participate in an interference proceeding before the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office to determine the priority of the invention. We may be drawn into interferences with third parties or may have to provoke interferences ourselves to unblock third-party patent rights to allow us or our licensees to commercialize products based on our technologies. Litigation could result in substantial costs and the diversion of management’s efforts regardless of the results of the litigation. An unfavorable result in litigation could subject us to significant liabilities to third parties, require disputed rights to be licensed or require us to cease using some technologies.
Our products and processes may infringe, or be found to infringe, patents not owned or controlled by us. Patents held by others may require us to alter our products or processes, obtain licenses, or stop activities. If relevant claims of third-party patents are upheld as valid and enforceable, we could be prevented from practicing the subject matter claimed in the patents, or may be required to obtain licenses or redesign our products or processes to avoid infringement. In addition, we could be required to pay money damages. A number of genetic sequences or proteins encoded by genetic sequences that we are investigating are, or may become, patented by others. As a result, we may have to obtain licenses to test, use or market these products. Our business will suffer if we are not able to obtain licenses at all or on terms commercially reasonable to us and we are not able to redesign our products or processes to avoid infringement.
We have incurred costs in several legal proceedings involving our intellectual property rights in Europe, Japan and Canada. We may continue to incur costs to defend and prosecute patents and patent applications in these and other regions.
Competition and technological change may make our product candidates and technologies less attractive or obsolete.
We compete with companies, including major pharmaceutical and biotechnology firms, that are pursuing other forms of treatment or prevention for diseases that we target. We also may experience competition from companies that have acquired or may acquire technologies from universities and other research institutions. As these companies develop their technologies, they may develop proprietary positions which may prevent us from successfully commercializing products.
Some of our competitors are established companies with greater financial and other resources than we have. Other companies may succeed in developing products and obtaining regulatory approval from the FDA or comparable foreign agencies faster than we do, or in developing products that are more effective than ours. Research and development by others may seek to render our technologies or products obsolete or noncompetitive or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapeutics developed by us.
 
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If we lose our key personnel or are unable to attract and retain additional personnel, we may not be able to achieve our business objectives.
We are highly dependent on our principal scientific, manufacturing, clinical, regulatory and management personnel, including Vijay B. Samant, our President and Chief Executive Officer. The loss of the services of these individuals might significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our objectives. We do not maintain “key person” life insurance on any of our personnel. We depend on our continued ability to attract, retain and motivate highly qualified management and scientific personnel. We face competition for qualified individuals from other companies, academic institutions, government entities and other organizations in attracting and retaining personnel. To pursue our product development plans, we may need to hire additional management personnel and additional scientific personnel to perform research and development, as well as additional personnel with expertise in clinical trials, government regulation and manufacturing. However, due to the reasons noted above, we may not be successful in hiring or retaining qualified personnel and therefore we may not be able to achieve our business objectives.
We have limited experience in manufacturing our product candidates in commercial quantities. We may not be able to comply with applicable manufacturing regulations or produce sufficient product for contract or commercial purposes.
The commercial manufacturing of vaccines and other biological products is a time-consuming and complex process, which must be performed in compliance with the FDA’s cGMP regulations. We may not be able to comply with the cGMP regulations, and our manufacturing process may be subject to delays, disruptions or quality control problems. In addition, we may need to complete the installation and validation of additional large-scale fermentation and related purification equipment to produce the quantities of product expected to be required for commercial purposes. We have limited experience in manufacturing at this scale. Noncompliance with the cGMP regulations, the inability to complete the installation or validation of additional large-scale equipment, or other problems with our manufacturing process may limit or delay the development or commercialization of our product candidates, and cause us to breach our contract manufacturing service arrangements.
We currently depend on third parties to conduct our clinical trials and may initially depend on third parties to manufacture our product candidates commercially.
We currently rely on third parties, including clinical research organizations, to perform critical services for us in connection with our clinical trials. Clinical research organizations are responsible for many aspects of the trials, including finding and enrolling subjects for testing and administering the trials. Although we rely on these third parties to conduct our clinical trials, we are responsible for ensuring that each of our clinical trials is conducted in accordance with its protocol and applicable regulations, including good clinical practices. Our reliance on third parties does not relieve us of these responsibilities and requirements. These third parties may not comply with all regulatory and contractual requirements or may not otherwise perform their services in a timely or acceptable manner, and we may need to enter into new arrangements with alternative third parties and our clinical trials may be extended, delayed or terminated. In addition, if such third parties fail to perform their obligations in compliance with our clinical trial protocols or applicable regulations, our clinical trials may not meet regulatory requirements or may need to be repeated. These risks also apply to the development activities of our collaborators and licensees, and we do not control our collaborators’ and licensees’ research and development, clinical trials or regulatory activities.
We may also initially depend on collaborators, licensees or other third parties to manufacture our product candidates in commercial quantities. There are a limited number of third parties that could manufacture our product candidates. We may be unable to enter into any arrangement for the commercial manufacture of our product candidates, and any arrangement we secure may not meet our requirements for manufacturing quality or quantity. Our dependence on third parties for the commercial manufacture of our product candidates may also reduce our profit margins and our ability to develop and deliver products in a timely manner.
 
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We have no marketing or sales experience, and if we are unable to develop our own sales and marketing capability, we may not be successful in commercializing our products.
Our current strategy is to market our proprietary products directly in the United States, but we currently do not possess pharmaceutical marketing or sales capabilities. To market and sell our proprietary products, we will need to develop a sales force and a marketing group with relevant pharmaceutical industry experience, or make appropriate arrangements with strategic partners to market and sell these products. Developing a marketing and sales force is expensive and time-consuming and could delay any product launch. If we are unable to successfully employ qualified marketing and sales personnel or develop other sales and marketing capabilities, we may not be able to generate sufficient product revenue to become profitable.
Healthcare reform and restrictions on reimbursement may limit our returns on potential products.
Our ability to earn sufficient returns on our products will depend in part on how much, if any, reimbursement for our products and related treatments will be available from:
 
 	•	 	Government health administration authorities;	
 
 	•	 	Government agencies procuring biodefense products for military or public use, including some for which we may become a sole-source vendor;	
 
 	•	 	Private health coverage insurers;	
 
 	•	 	Managed care organizations; and	
 
 	•	 	Other organizations.	
If we fail to obtain appropriate reimbursement, we could be prevented from successfully commercializing our potential products. There are ongoing efforts by governmental and third-party payers to contain or reduce the costs of healthcare through various reform measures. The adoption of such reforms could impair our business.
Additionally, third-party payers are increasingly challenging the price of medical products and services. If purchasers or users of our products are not able to obtain adequate reimbursement for the cost of using our products, they may forego or reduce their use. Significant uncertainty exists as to the reimbursement status of newly approved healthcare products, and whether adequate third-party coverage will be available.
We use hazardous materials in our business. Any claims relating to improper handling, storage or disposal of these materials could be time consuming and costly.
Our research and development processes involve the controlled storage, use and disposal of hazardous materials and biological materials. Our hazardous materials include certain compressed gases, flammable liquids, acids and bases, and other toxic compounds. We are subject to federal, state and local regulations governing the use, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of materials and waste products. Although we believe that our safety procedures for handling and disposing of these hazardous materials comply with the standards prescribed by law and regulation, the risk of accidental contamination or injury from hazardous materials cannot be completely eliminated. In the event of an accident, we could be held liable for any damages that result. We have insurance that covers our use of hazardous materials with the following coverage limits: up to $25,000 per occurrence for losses related to the release of bio-contaminants, $1 million per occurrence for losses from refrigerant contamination and $25,000 per occurrence for losses from radioactive contamination. Any liability could exceed the limits or fall outside the coverage of our insurance. We could incur significant costs to comply with current or future environmental laws and regulations.
We may have significant product liability exposure.
We face an inherent business risk of exposure to product liability and other claims in the event that our technologies or products are alleged to have caused harm. We also have potential liability for products
 
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manufactured by us on a contract basis for third parties. Although we currently maintain product liability insurance in the amount of $10 million in the aggregate plus additional coverage specific to the foreign countries where our clinical trials are being conducted, this insurance coverage may not be sufficient, and we may not be able to obtain sufficient coverage in the future at a reasonable cost. Our inability to obtain product liability insurance at an acceptable cost or to otherwise protect against potential product liability claims could prevent or inhibit the commercialization of any products developed by us or our collaborators, or our ability to manufacture products for third parties. If we are sued for any injury caused by our technologies or products, or by third-party products that we manufacture, our liability could exceed our insurance coverage and total assets.
Negative conditions in the global credit markets may impair the liquidity of a portion of our investment portfolio.
Our investment securities consist of high-grade auction rate securities, corporate debt securities and government agency securities. As of December 31, 2009, our long-term investments included (at par value) $6.5 million auction rate securities secured by municipal bonds and student loans. At December 31, 2009, the auction rate securities we held maintained Standard and Poor’s credit ratings of A or AAA. Our auction rate securities are debt instruments with a long-term maturity and with an interest rate that is reset in short intervals through auctions. The recent conditions in the global credit markets have prevented some investors from liquidating their holdings of auction rate securities because the amount of securities submitted for sale has exceeded the amount of purchase orders for such securities. If there is insufficient demand for the securities at the time of an auction, the auction may not be completed and the interest rates may be reset to predetermined rates. When auctions for these securities fail, the investments may not be readily convertible to cash until a future auction of these investments is successful or they are redeemed or mature.
Since February 2008, there has been insufficient demand at auction for all of our auction rate securities held at December 31, 2009. As a result, these affected securities are currently not liquid, and we could be required to hold them until they are redeemed by the issuer or to maturity. As of December 31, 2009, we had recognized $1.5 million of losses related to those auction rate securities by adjusting their carrying value. Any future decline in market value will result in additional losses being recognized.
In the event we need to access the funds that are in an illiquid state, we will not be able to do so without the possible loss of principal, until a future auction for these investments is successful or they are redeemed by the issuer or they mature. If we are unable to sell these securities in the market or they are not redeemed, then we may be required to hold them to maturity.
Our stock price could continue to be highly volatile and you may not be able to resell your shares at or above the price you pay for them.
The market price of our common stock, like that of many other life sciences companies, has been and is likely to continue to be highly volatile. From January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2009, our stock price has ranged from $1.04 to $6.99. The following factors, among others, could have a significant impact on the market price of our common stock:
 
 	•	 	The results of our preclinical studies and clinical trials or announcements regarding our plans for future studies or trials, or those of our collaborators, licensees or competitors;	
 
 	•	 	Evidence or lack of evidence of the safety or efficacy of our potential products or those of our collaborators, licensees or competitors;	
 
 	•	 	The announcement by us or our collaborators, licensees or competitors of technological innovations or new products;	
 
 	•	 	Developments concerning our patent or other proprietary rights or those of our collaborators, licensees or competitors, including litigation and challenges to our proprietary rights;	
 
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 	•	 	Other developments with our collaborators or licensees, including our entry into new collaborative or licensing arrangements;	
 
 	•	 	Geopolitical developments, natural or man-made disease threats, or other events beyond our control;	
 
 	•	 	U.S. and foreign governmental regulatory actions;	
 
 	•	 	Changes or announcements in reimbursement policies;	
 
 	•	 	Period-to-period fluctuations in our operating results;	
 
 	•	 	Market conditions for life science stocks in general;	
 
 	•	 	Changes in the collective short interest in our stock;	
 
 	•	 	Changes in estimates of our performance by securities analysts; and	
 
 	•	 	Our cash balances, need for additional capital, and access to capital.	
We are at risk of securities class action litigation due to our expected stock price volatility.
In the past, stockholders have brought securities class action litigation against a company following a decline in the market price of its securities. This risk is especially acute for us because life science companies have experienced greater than average stock price volatility in recent years and, as a result, have been subject to, on average, a greater number of securities class action claims than companies in other industries. To date, we have not been subject to class action litigation. However, we may in the future be the target of this litigation. Securities litigation could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention and resources, and could seriously harm our business.
Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and under Delaware law could make an acquisition of us, which may be beneficial to our stockholders, more difficult and may prevent attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management.
Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws include anti-takeover provisions, such as a classified board of directors, a prohibition on stockholder actions by written consent, the authority of our board of directors to issue preferred stock without stockholder approval, and supermajority voting requirements for specified actions. In addition, because we are incorporated in Delaware, we are governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which generally prohibits stockholders owning in excess of 15% of our outstanding voting stock from merging or combining with us for a period of three years. These provisions may delay or prevent an acquisition of us, even if the acquisition may be considered beneficial by some stockholders. In addition, they may discourage or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace members of our board of directors, which is responsible for appointing the members of our management.
The issuance of preferred stock could adversely affect our common stockholders.
We have on file two effective shelf registration statement that collectively allow us to raise up to an additional $140.2 million from the sale of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities and/or warrants and our restated certificate of incorporation authorizes us to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock. The issuance of preferred stock could adversely affect the voting power of holders of our common stock, and reduce the likelihood that our common stockholders will receive dividend payments and payments upon liquidation. The issuance of preferred stock could also decrease the market price of our common stock, or have terms and conditions that could discourage a takeover or other transaction that might involve a premium price for our shares or that our stockholders might believe to be in their best interests.
 
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Our restructuring activities could result in management distractions, operational disruptions and other difficulties.
In an effort to reduce expenditures and focus our efforts on our most advanced product development programs, we initiated restructuring activities in November 2008. These activities included a work force reduction of approximately 20% and the accelerated closure of a research facility in January 2009. Employees whose positions were eliminated in connection with the workforce reduction may seek future employment with our competitors. Although all employees are required to sign a confidentiality agreement with us at the time of hire, we cannot assure you that the confidential nature of our proprietary information will be maintained in the course of such future employment. Any additional restructuring efforts could divert the attention of our management away from our operations, harm our reputation and increase our expenses. We cannot assure you that we will not undertake additional restructuring activities, that any of our restructuring efforts will be successful, or that we will be able to realize the cost savings and other anticipated benefits from our previous or future restructuring plans. In addition, if we continue to reduce our workforce and facilities, it may adversely impact our ability to respond rapidly to any new growth opportunities.
 ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Not applicable.
 ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
We lease approximately 68,400 square feet of manufacturing, research laboratory and office space at a single site in San Diego, California,  under a lease agreement that expires in August 2017.
 ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
European patent 1026253, covering a significant portion of our core DNA delivery technology, was granted in September 2004. In September 2005, the ’253 patent was opposed by eight parties. This ’253 patent was revoked on formal grounds in December 2008 under an initial ruling by the Opposition Division of the European Patent Office. We appealed this decision in April 2009; however, regardless of the ultimate outcome, the ’253 patent will expire in March 2010. We may use other issued patents and patent applications that are pending in Europe to protect our DNA delivery technology.
We prosecute our intellectual property estate vigorously to obtain the broadest valid scope for our patents. Due to uncertainty of the ultimate outcome of these matters, the impact on future operating results or our financial condition is not subject to reasonable estimates.
In the ordinary course of business, we may become a party to lawsuits involving various matters. We are unaware of any such lawsuits presently pending against us which, individually or in the aggregate,  are deemed to be material to our financial condition or results of operations.
 ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
Not applicable.
 
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PART II
 ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol VICL. The following table presents quarterly information on the range of high and low sales prices for our common stock during the periods presented.

2009	  	High	  	Low	
First Quarter	  	$	2.30	  	$	1.20	
Second Quarter	  	 	3.30	  	 	1.75	
Third Quarter	  	 	5.51	  	 	2.37	
Fourth Quarter	  	 	4.43	  	 	2.66	
			
2008	  	 	  	 	
First Quarter	  	$	4.39	  	$	3.12	
Second Quarter	  	 	3.90	  	 	3.00	
Third Quarter	  	 	4.09	  	 	1.68	
Fourth Quarter	  	 	2.21	  	 	1.04	
As of February 16, 2010, there were approximately 319 stockholders of record of our common stock and 55,175,725 shares of our common stock outstanding. We have never declared or paid any dividends and do not expect to pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. We did not repurchase any of our common stock in the fourth quarter of 2009.
The equity compensation plan information required by this item is incorporated by reference from Item 12 herein.
 
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Performance Graph
The following performance graph and related information shall not be deemed “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the SEC, nor shall such information be incorporated by reference into any future filing under the Securities Act or Exchange Act, except to the extent that we specifically incorporate it by reference into such filing.
The following table compares total stockholder returns for Vical over the last five years to the Nasdaq US and Foreign Index and the Nasdaq Pharmaceutical Stocks Index assuming a $100 investment made on December 31, 2004. Each of the two comparative measures of cumulative total return assumes reinvestment of dividends. The stock performance shown on the graph below is not necessarily indicative of future price performance.

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 ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following table summarizes certain selected financial data derived from our audited financial statements. The information presented should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our audited financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 	  	Years ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2009	 	 	2008	 	 	2007	 	 	2006	 	 	2005	 	
 	  	(in thousands, except per share amounts)	 	
Statement of Operations Data:	  				 				 				 				 				
Revenues:	  				 				 				 				 				
Contract and grant revenue	  	$	3,692	  	 	$	2,146	  	 	$	4,574	  	 	$	14,213	  	 	$	5,953	  	
License and royalty revenue	  	 	8,994	  	 	 	5,810	  	 	 	938	  	 	 	527	  	 	 	6,050	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total revenues	  	 	12,686	  	 	 	7,956	  	 	 	5,512	  	 	 	14,740	  	 	 	12,003	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Operating expenses:	  				 				 				 				 				
Research and development	  	 	23,449	  	 	 	25,532	  	 	 	22,934	  	 	 	18,514	  	 	 	17,772	  	
Manufacturing and production	  	 	10,354	  	 	 	11,046	  	 	 	13,762	  	 	 	13,588	  	 	 	12,203	  	
General and administrative	  	 	7,469	  	 	 	8,721	  	 	 	9,078	  	 	 	9,055	  	 	 	7,679	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total operating expenses	  	 	41,272	  	 	 	45,299	  	 	 	45,774	  	 	 	41,157	  	 	 	37,654	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Loss from operations	  	 	(28,586	) 	 	 	(37,343	) 	 	 	(40,262	) 	 	 	(26,417	) 	 	 	(25,651	) 	
Investment income, net	  	 	30	  	 	 	468	  	 	 	4,464	  	 	 	3,541	  	 	 	1,827	  	
Interest expense	  	 	(2	) 	 	 	(21	) 	 	 	(96	) 	 	 	(272	) 	 	 	(533	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net loss	  	$	(28,558	) 	 	$	(36,896	) 	 	$	(35,894	) 	 	$	(23,148	) 	 	$	(24,357	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net loss per share (basic and diluted)	  	$	(0.61	) 	 	$	(0.93	) 	 	$	(0.92	) 	 	$	(0.74	) 	 	$	(0.99	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Weighted average shares used in per share calculation	  	 	47,086	  	 	 	39,856	  	 	 	39,190	  	 	 	31,434	  	 	 	24,581	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance Sheet Data (at end of period):	  				 				 				 				 				
Cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, long-term investments, including restricted	  	$	52,562	  	 	$	41,676	  	 	$	71,489	  	 	$	100,393	  	 	$	66,486	  	
Working capital	  	 	38,424	  	 	 	30,144	  	 	 	64,642	  	 	 	97,289	  	 	 	63,484	  	
Total assets	  	 	67,372	  	 	 	59,057	  	 	 	90,585	  	 	 	125,249	  	 	 	94,530	  	
Long-term obligations , less current portion	  	 	2,380	  	 	 	2,469	  	 	 	2,565	  	 	 	2,973	  	 	 	5,444	  	
Total stockholders’ equity	  	 	54,982	  	 	 	48,614	  	 	 	79,912	  	 	 	114,123	  	 	 	80,306	  	
 
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 ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Overview
We research and develop biopharmaceutical products based on our patented DNA delivery technologies for the prevention and treatment of serious or life-threatening diseases. We believe the following areas of research offer the greatest potential for near-term commercialization for us and our partners:
 
 	•	 	Vaccines for use in high-risk populations for infectious disease targets for which there are significant needs;	
 
 	•	 	Vaccines for general pediatric, adolescent and adult populations for infectious disease applications;	
 
 	•	 	Cancer vaccines or immunotherapies which complement our existing programs and core expertise; and	
 
 	•	 	Gene-based delivery of therapeutic proteins, such as angiogenic growth factors, for treatment of cardiovascular diseases.	
We currently have five active independent clinical and preclinical development programs in the areas of infectious disease and cancer including:
 
 	•	 	A fully enrolled Phase 3 clinical trial using our Allovectin-7 ® immunotherapeutic in patients with metastatic melanoma which has been funded, up to certain limits, by AnGes MG, Inc., or AnGes, through cash payments and equity investments under a research and development agreement;	
 
 	•	 	A fully enrolled Phase 2 clinical trial using TransVax™, our cytomegalovirus, or CMV, therapeutic DNA vaccine, in patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplants;	
 
 	•	 	Completed Phase 1 clinical trials using our H5N1 pandemic influenza DNA vaccine formulated with our proprietary Vaxfectin ® adjuvant;	
 
 	•	 	A preclinical program using our H1N1 pandemic influenza DNA vaccine formulated with our proprietary Vaxfectin ® adjuvant; and	
 
 	•	 	A preclinical program using our CyMVectin™ prophylactic vaccine formulated with our proprietary Vaxfectin ® adjuvant to prevent CMV infection before and during pregnancy to preclude fetal transmission.	
We have leveraged our patented technologies through licensing and collaboration arrangements, such as our licensing arrangements with Merck & Co., Inc., or Merck, the sanofi-aventis Group, or sanofi-aventis, AnGes, Aqua Health Ltd. of Canada, or Aqua Health, an affiliate of Novartis Animal Health, and Merial Limited, or Merial, a subsidiary of sanofi-aventis, among other biopharmaceutical companies. Two of the licenses have resulted in the following two approvals in veterinary applications:
 
 	•	 	In 2005, our licensee Aqua Health received approval from the Canadian Food Inspection Agency to sell a DNA vaccine to protect farm-raised salmon against a lethal infectious disease.	
 
 	•	 	In 2009, our licensee Merial received approval from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, or USDA, to market a therapeutic DNA vaccine, ONCEPT™, designed to aid in extending survival time of dogs with oral melanoma. We believe that Merial’s vaccine is the first vaccine ever approved for therapeutic use.	
Furthermore, our partners, sanofi-aventis and AnGes, have applied our technologies to the local and sustained delivery of genes that encode angiogenic growth factors that promote the growth of blood vessels. AnGes recently reported approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, of the Special Protocol Assessment agreement for a Phase 3 clinical trial of its Collategene™ angiogenesis product for patients with advanced peripheral arterial disease, or PAD. AnGes has also submitted a New Drug Application, or NDA, to the
 
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Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare for Collategene™, for indications related to PAD and Buerger’s disease. Our partner sanofi-aventis has confirmed the completion of enrollment in its pivotal Phase 3 clinical trial of its angiogenesis therapy. Sanofi-aventis expects final data from this trial in late 2010.
In addition, we have licensed complementary technologies from leading research institutions, pharmaceutical companies, and the National Institutes of Health, or NIH. We also have granted non-exclusive, academic licenses to our DNA delivery technology patent estate to 11 leading research institutions including Stanford, Harvard, Yale and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The non-exclusive academic licenses allow university researchers to use our technology free of charge for educational and internal, non-commercial research purposes. In exchange, we have the option to exclusively license from the universities potential commercial use of our technology on terms to be negotiated.
Research, Development and Manufacturing Programs
To date, we have not received revenues from the sale of our independently developed pharmaceutical products and have received minimal amounts of revenue from the sale of commercially marketed products by our licensees. We earn revenue by performing services under research and development contracts, grants, manufacturing contracts, and from licensing access to our proprietary technologies. Since our inception, we estimate that we have received approximately $159.5 million in revenue from these sources. Revenues by source for each of the three years ended December 31, 2009, were as follows (in millions):

Source	  	2009	  	2008	  	2007	
Navy contracts	  	$	2.0	  	$	—  	  	$	—  	
NIH contracts	  	 	—  	  	 	—  	  	 	1.9	
CMV grants	  	 	—  	  	 	—  	  	 	1.0	
Influenza grants	  	 	—  	  	 	—  	  	 	0.9	
Manufacturing process development grant	  	 	1.0	  	 	1.5	  	 	0.5	
HSV grants	  	 	0.6	  	 	0.4	  	 	—  	
Other contracts and grants	  	 	0.1	  	 	0.2	  	 	0.3	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Total contract and grant revenues	  	 	3.7	  	 	2.1	  	 	4.6	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Merck license	  	 	1.5	  	 	1.0	  	 	—  	
AnGes license	  	 	6.7	  	 	4.0	  	 	—  	
Life Technologies royalties	  	 	0.4	  	 	0.7	  	 	0.6	
Other royalties and licenses	  	 	0.4	  	 	0.1	  	 	0.3	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Total royalty and license revenues	  	 	9.0	  	 	5.8	  	 	0.9	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Total revenues	  	$	12.7	  	$	7.9	  	$	5.5	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Research, development, manufacturing and production costs by major program, as well as other expenses for each of the three years ended December 31, 2009, were as follows (in millions):

Program	  	2009	  	2008	  	2007	
Allovectin-7 ®	  	$	21.0	  	$	18.0	  	$	10.2	
Pandemic influenza	  	 	1.6	  	 	4.5	  	 	8.1	
CMV	  	 	5.0	  	 	6.0	  	 	6.1	
Other research, development, manufacturing and production	  	 	6.2	  	 	8.1	  	 	12.3	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Total research, development, manufacturing and production	  	$	33.8	  	$	36.6	  	$	36.7	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Since our inception, we estimate that we have spent approximately $383 million on research, development, manufacturing and production. Our current independent development focus is on our cancer immunotherapeutic Allovectin-7 ® , novel DNA vaccines for CMV and pandemic influenza, and other clinical and preclinical targets.
 
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We are conducting a Phase 3 clinical trial using Allovectin-7 ® in patients with recurrent metastatic melanoma which has been funded, up to certain limits, by AnGes through cash payments and equity investments under a research and development agreement. We are also in the early stages of clinical development of vaccine candidates for CMV and pandemic influenza and these programs will require significant additional costs to advance through development to commercialization. From inception, we have spent approximately $116 million on our Allovectin-7 ® program, $50 million on our CMV program, and $23 million on our pandemic influenza program.
We have other product candidates in the research stage. It can take many years to develop product candidates from the initial decision to screen product candidates, perform preclinical and safety studies, and perform clinical trials leading up to possible approval of a product by the FDA or comparable foreign agencies. The outcome of the research is unknown until each stage of the testing is completed, up through and including the registration clinical trials. Accordingly, we are unable to predict which potential product candidates we may proceed with, the time and cost to complete development, and ultimately whether we will have a product approved by the FDA or comparable foreign agencies.
As a result, we expect to incur substantial operating losses for at least the next several years, due primarily to the advancement of our research and development programs, the cost of preclinical studies and clinical trials, spending for outside services, costs related to maintaining our intellectual property portfolio, costs due to manufacturing activities, costs related to our facilities, and possible advancement toward commercialization activities.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires that management make a number of assumptions and estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses in our financial statements and accompanying notes. Management bases its estimates on historical information and assumptions believed to be reasonable. Although these estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events and circumstances that may impact us in the future, actual results may differ from these estimates.
Our critical accounting policies are those that affect our financial statements materially and involve a significant level of judgment by management. Our critical accounting policies regarding revenue recognition are in the following areas: license and royalty agreements, manufacturing contracts, and grant revenues. Our critical accounting policies also include recognition of research and development expenses and the valuation of long-lived and intangible assets.
Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenue in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, 605 “Revenue Recognition.” Revenue is recognized when the four basic criteria of revenue recognition are met: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) delivery has occurred or services rendered; (3) the fee is fixed or determinable; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured.
C ontract Manufacturing Revenue. Our contract manufacturing arrangements typically require the delivery of multiple lots of clinical vaccines. We analyze our multiple element arrangements to determine whether the elements can be separated and accounted for individually as separate units of accounting. The evaluation is performed at the inception of the arrangement. The delivered item(s) is considered a separate unit of accounting if all of the following criteria are met: (1) the delivered item(s) have standalone value to the customer; (2) there is objective and reliable evidence of the fair value of the undelivered item(s); and (3) if the arrangement includes a general right of return relative to the delivered item, delivery or performance of the undelivered item(s) is considered probable and substantially in our control. If the delivered item does not have standalone value or we do not have objective or reliable evidence of the fair value of the undelivered component, the amount of revenue allocable to the delivered item is deferred.
 
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License and Royalty Revenue. Our license and royalty revenues are generated through agreements with strategic partners. Nonrefundable, up-front license fees and milestone payments with standalone value that are not dependent on any future performance by us under the arrangements are recognized as revenue upon the earlier of when payments are received or collection is assured, but are deferred if we have continuing performance obligations. If we have continuing involvement through contractual obligations under such agreement, such up-front fees are deferred and recognized over the period for which we continue to have a performance obligation, unless all of the following criteria exist: (1) the delivered item(s) have standalone value to the customer; (2) there is objective and reliable evidence of the fair value of the undelivered item(s); and (3) if the arrangement includes a general right of return relative to the delivered item, delivery or performance of the undelivered item(s) is considered probable and substantially in our control. If the delivered item does not have standalone value or we do not have objective or reliable evidence of the fair value of the undelivered component, the amount of revenue allocable to the delivered item is deferred.
We recognize royalty revenues from licensed products when earned in accordance with the terms of the license agreements. Net sales figures used for calculating royalties include deductions for costs of returns, cash discounts, and costs of freight and warehousing, which may vary over the course of the license agreement. Payments received related to milestones are recognized as revenue upon the achievement of the milestones as specified in the underlying agreements, which represent the culmination of the earnings process.
Government Research Grant Revenue. We recognize revenues from federal government research grants during the period in which the related expenditures are incurred. 
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses consist of expenses incurred in performing research and development activities including salaries and benefits, facilities and other overhead expenses, clinical trials, contract services and other outside expenses. Research and development expenses are charged to operations as they are incurred.
We assess our obligations to make milestone payments that may become due for licensed or acquired technology to determine whether the payments should be expensed or capitalized. We charge milestone payments to research and development expense when:
 
 	•	 	The technology is in the early stage of development and has no alternative uses;	
 
 	•	 	There is substantial uncertainty of the technology or product being successful;	
 
 	•	 	There will be difficulty in completing the remaining development; and	
 
 	•	 	There is substantial cost to complete the work.	
Capitalization and Valuation of Long-Lived and Intangible Assets
Intangible assets with finite useful lives consist of capitalized legal costs incurred in connection with patents, patent applications pending and technology license agreements. Payments to acquire a license to use a proprietary technology are capitalized if the technology is expected to have alternative future use in multiple research and development projects. We amortize costs of approved patents, patent applications pending and license agreements over their estimated useful lives, or terms of the agreements, whichever are shorter.
For patents pending, we amortize the costs over the shorter of a period of twenty years from the date of filing the application or, if licensed, the term of the license agreement. We re-assess the useful lives of patents when they are issued, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the useful lives may have changed. For patents and patent applications pending that we abandon, we charge the remaining unamortized accumulated costs to expense.
 
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Intangible assets and long-lived assets are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable. If the review indicates that intangible assets or long-lived assets are not recoverable, their carrying amount would be reduced to fair value. Factors we consider important that could trigger an impairment review include the following:
 
 	•	 	A significant change in the manner of our use of the acquired asset or the strategy for our overall business; and/or	
 
 	•	 	A significant negative industry or economic trend.	
In the event we determine that the carrying value of intangible assets or long-lived assets is not recoverable based upon the existence of one or more of the above indicators of impairment, we may be required to record impairment charges for these assets. As of December 31, 2009, our largest group of intangible assets with finite lives includes patents and patents pending for our DNA delivery technology, consisting of intangible assets with a net carrying value of approximately $2.9 million.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
For information on the recent accounting pronouncements which may impact our business, see Note 1 of the Notes to Financial Statements  included in this Report.
Results of Operations
Year Ended December 31, 2009, Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2008
Total Revenues . Total revenues increased $4.7 million, or 59.5%, to $12.7 million in 2009 from $8.0 million in 2008. Our license and royalty revenue increased by $3.2 million, which was primarily the result of an increase in license revenue recognized under our agreement with AnGes to fund our Allovectin-7 ® Phase 3 clinical trial. Our contract and grant revenue increased by $1.5 million, which was primarily the result of the recognition of revenue related to the delivery of a dengue vaccine to the NMRC.
Research and Development Expenses . Research and development expenses decreased $2.1 million, or 8.2%, to $23.4 million for 2009 from $25.5 million for 2008. This decrease was primarily the result of lower personnel costs attributed to our November 2008 work force reduction, which was partially offset by increased costs associated with our Allovectin-7 ® Phase 3 clinical trial.
Manufacturing and Production Expenses . Manufacturing and production expenses decreased $0.7 million, or 6.3%, to $10.4 million for 2009 from $11.1 million for 2008. This decrease was primarily the result of lower personnel costs attributed to our November 2008 work force reduction which was offset by the capitalization of costs related to the production of an H1N1 vaccine manufactured for the NMRC.
General and Administrative Expenses . General and administrative expenses decreased $1.3 million, or 14.4%, to $7.5 million for 2009 from $8.7 million for 2008. This decrease was primarily the result of lower personnel costs attributed to our November 2008 work force reduction.
Investment Income . Investment and other income decreased $0.4 million, or 93.6%, to $30,000 for 2009, from $0.5 million for 2008. This decrease was primarily the result of lower rates of return on our investments during the year ended December 31, 2009.
Interest Expense . Interest expense decreased $19,000, or 90.5%, to $2,000 for 2009 from $21,000 for 2008. The decrease was primarily the result of lower principal amounts outstanding on our equipment financing obligations.
 
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Year Ended December 31, 2008, Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2007
Total Revenues . Total revenues increased $2.4 million, or 44.3%, to $7.9 million in 2008 from $5.5 million in 2007. Our license and royalty revenue increased by $4.9 million which was partially offset by a $2.4 million decrease in our contract and grant revenue. The increase in our license and royalty revenue was primarily the result of a $3.0 million increase in license revenue recognized under our agreement with AnGes to fund our Allovectin-7 ® Phase 3 clinical trial. In addition, we recognized revenue for the achievement of two milestones in 2008; $1.0 million in license revenue was recognized for the achievement of a milestone under our license agreement with AnGes related to its PAD program and a $1.0 million milestone payment was received from Merck related to Merck’s initiation of a Phase 1 clinical trial of Merck’s hTERT investigational pDNA cancer vaccine. The decrease in our contract and grant revenue was primarily the result of a $1.9 million decrease in revenue related to the shipment in 2007 of a vaccine component under a manufacturing subcontract agreement with the VRC, and a $0.5 million decrease in revenue related to grants with the NIH.
Research and Development Expenses . Research and development expenses increased $2.6 million, or 11.3%, to $25.5 million for 2008 from $22.9 million for 2007. This increase was primarily attributable to increased costs associated with our Allovectin-7 ® Phase 3 clinical trial and our Phase 1 pandemic influenza clinical trial, which was partially offset by a decrease in costs associated with our CMV Phase 2 clinical trial and various preclinical safety studies.
Manufacturing and Production Expenses . Manufacturing and production expenses decreased $2.7 million, or 19.7%, to $11.0 million for 2008 from $13.8 million for 2007. This decrease was partially attributed to deferred costs in 2008 related to our contract to manufacture a dengue DNA vaccine for the NMRC. Also included in the costs for 2007, was the recognition of a loss related to the remanufacture of a vaccine component under a subcontract manufacturing agreement with the VRC.
General and Administrative Expenses . General and administrative expenses decreased $0.4 million, or 3.9%, to $8.7 million for 2008 from $9.1 million for 2007. This decrease was primarily the result of lower consulting costs.
Investment Income . Investment and other income decreased $4.0 million, or 89.5%, to $0.5 million for 2008, from $4.5 million for 2007. This decrease was primarily the result of lower average cash and investment balances and lower rates of return on our investments during 2008. Also included in 2008 was the recognition of a $1.1 million loss related to the write down of the carrying value of our auction rate securities.
Interest Expense . Interest expense decreased $75,000, or 78.1%, to $21,000 for 2008 from $96,000 for 2007. The decrease was primarily the result of lower principal amounts outstanding on our  equipment financing obligations.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Since our inception, we have financed our operations primarily through private placements of preferred and common stock, public offerings of common stock, and revenues from our operations. From our inception through December 31, 2009, we have received approximately $159.5 million in revenues from performing services under research and development and manufacturing contracts, from grants and from licensing access to our proprietary technologies, and we have raised net proceeds of approximately $333.5 million from the sale of equity securities. Cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, and long-term investments, including restricted securities, totaled $52.6 million at December 31, 2009, compared with $41.7 million at December 31, 2008. The increase in our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities for the year ended December 31, 2009, was the result of raising $33.3 million from the sale of our securities which was offset by the use of cash to fund our operations.
Net cash used in operating activities was $21.5 million and $30.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The decrease in net cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2009, compared with the prior year, was primarily the result of a reduction in our net loss.
 
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Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities was $(9.3) million and $15.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The decrease in cash provided by investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2009, compared with the prior year, was primarily the result of an increase in net purchases of investments.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $32.8 million and $3.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The increase in cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2009, compared with the prior year, was primarily the result of increased proceeds from the of the sale of our securities.
A discussion of our exposure to auction rate securities is included in Part 1, Item 3 of this Report under the heading “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.”
We expect to incur substantial additional research and development expenses, manufacturing and production expenses, and general and administrative expenses, including continued increases in costs related to personnel, preclinical and clinical testing, outside services, facilities, intellectual property and possible commercialization. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including continued scientific progress in our research and development programs, the scope and results of preclinical testing and clinical trials, the time and costs involved in obtaining regulatory approvals, the costs involved in filing, prosecuting, enforcing and defending patent claims, the impact of competing technological and market developments, the cost of manufacturing scale-up and validation, and possible commercialization activities and arrangements. In an effort to reduce expenditures and focus our efforts on our most advanced product development programs, we initiated restructuring activities in November 2008. These activities included a work force reduction of approximately 20% and the accelerated closure of a research facility in January 2009. We expect these activities to result in approximately $3.7 million in annual savings. We may seek additional funding through research and development relationships with suitable potential corporate collaborators. We may also seek additional funding through public or private financings. We have on file two effective shelf registration statements that collectively allow us to raise up to an additional $140.2 million from the sale of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities and/or warrants and we have also entered into an equity line of credit with Azimuth pursuant to which we may sell up to $25 million of our common stock, subject to certain conditions. However, additional financing may not be available on favorable terms or at all. In addition, if the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates falls and remains below $75 million, our ability to sell shares under our registration statements may be subject to certain volume limitations. If additional funding is not available, we anticipate that our available cash and existing sources of funding will  be adequate to satisfy our cash needs at least through December 31, 2011.
Contractual Obligations and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
The following table sets forth our contractual obligations, including all off-balance sheet arrangements, as of December 31, 2009 (in thousands):

 	  	Payment Due by Period	
 	  	Total	  	Less than
1 Year	  	2-3
Years	  	4-5
Years	  	After 5
Years	
Contractual Obligations 1	  	 	  	 	  	 	  	 	  	 	
Operating lease obligations	  	$	26,623	  	$	3,400	  	$	6,691	  	$	6,902	  	$	9,630	
Unconditional purchase obligations 2	  	 	409	  	 	409	  	 	—  	  	 	—  	  	 	—  	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Total contractual obligations	  	$	27,032	  	$	3,809	  	$	6,691	  	$	6,902	  	$	9,630	

1	Certain long-term liabilities reflected on our balance sheet are not presented in this table because they are already reflected in operating lease commitments, or do not require cash settlement in the future.	
 
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2	Unconditional purchase obligations represent contractual commitments entered into for goods and services in the normal course of our business. The purchase obligations do not include potential severance payment obligations to our executive officers. For information regarding these severance arrangements, refer to the final paragraph in this Item 7.	
Under the Merck, sanofi-aventis, AnGes, Merial and Aqua Health agreements, we are required to pay up to 10% of certain initial upfront monetary payments, and a small percentage of some royalty payments, to the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation. In addition, certain technology license agreements require us to make payments if we or our sublicensees advance products through clinical development. For programs developed with the support of U.S. government funding, the U.S. government may have rights to resulting products without payment of royalties to us.
We may be required to make future payments to our licensors based on the achievement of milestones set forth in various in-licensing agreements. In most cases, these milestone payments are based on the achievement of development or regulatory milestones, including the exercise of options to obtain licenses related to specific disease targets, commencement of various phases of clinical trials, filing of product license applications, approval of product licenses from the FDA or a foreign regulatory agency, and the first commercial sale of a related product. Payment for the achievement of milestones under our in-license agreements is highly speculative and subject to a number of contingencies.
The aggregate amount of additional milestone payments that we could be required to pay under all of our in-license agreements in place at December 31, 2009, is approximately $18.1 million, of which approximately $7.5 million is related to our independent programs and corporate and government collaborations which are currently in clinical trials. These amounts assume that all remaining milestones associated with the milestone payments are met. In the event that product license approval for any of the related products is obtained, we may be required to make royalty payments in addition to these milestone payments. Although we believe that some of the milestones contained in our in-license agreements may be achieved, it is highly unlikely that a significant number of them will be achieved. Because the milestones are highly contingent and we have limited control over whether the development and regulatory milestones will be achieved, we are not in a position to reasonably estimate how much, if any, of the potential milestone payments will ultimately be paid, or when. Additionally, under the in-license agreements, many of the milestone events are related to progress in clinical trials which will take several years to achieve.
In addition, we have undertaken certain commitments under license agreements with collaborators, and under indemnification agreements with our officers and directors. Under the license agreements with our collaborators, we have agreed to continue to maintain and defend the patent rights licensed to the collaborators. Under the indemnification agreements with our officers and directors, we have agreed to indemnify those individuals for any expenses and liabilities in the event of a threatened, pending or actual investigation, lawsuit, or criminal or investigative proceeding.
We have employment agreements that contain severance arrangements with each of our three executive officers and three of our other executives. Under the agreements with the executive officers we are obligated to pay severance if we terminate the executive officer’s employment without “cause,” or if the executive officer resigns for “good reason,” as defined in the agreements, within the periods set forth therein. The severance for the executive officers consists of continued base salary payments at the then-current rate, including the payment of health insurance premiums, for the period specified in each agreement, which ranges from 12 to 18 months, plus a payment equal to between one and one and a half times the executive’s cash bonus in the previous year. In addition, the executive officers receive accelerated vesting on all their unvested stock awards as if they had remained employed by us for between 12 and 18 months from the date of termination. In the event that the termination occurs within 24 months of a “change in control,” as defined in the agreements, the severance for the executive officers consists of lump sum payments equal to between 18 and 24 months of base salary at the then-current rate, the payment of health insurance premiums for the period specified in each agreement, which ranges
 
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from 12 to 18 months, plus a payment equal to between one and one and a half times the executive’s cash bonus in the previous year. In addition, all outstanding unvested stock awards will vest immediately. The severance for the other executives consists of continued payments at the then-current base compensation rate for a period of nine months. All of the agreements specify that any earnings from employment or consulting during this period will offset any salary continuation payments due from us. The maximum payments due under these employment agreements would have been $2.7 million if each such executive officer and other executive were terminated at December 31, 2009.
 ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We are subject to interest rate risk. Our investment portfolio is maintained in accordance with our investment policy which defines allowable investments, specifies credit quality standards and limits the credit exposure of any single issuer. Our investment portfolio consists of cash equivalents, both restricted and non-restricted, and marketable securities. The average maturity of our non-equity investments, excluding our auction rate securities, is approximately five months. Our investments are classified as available-for-sale securities.
To assess our interest rate risk, we performed a sensitivity analysis projecting an ending fair value of our cash equivalents and current marketable securities using the following assumptions: a 12-month time horizon, a 9-month average maturity and a 150-basis-point increase in interest rates. This pro forma fair value would have been $0.1 million lower than the reported fair value of our non-equity investments at December 31, 2009.
All of our investment securities are classified as available-for-sale and therefore reported on the balance sheet at market value. Our investment securities consist of high-grade auction rate securities, corporate debt securities and government agency securities. As of December 31, 2009, our long-term investments included (at par value) $6.5 million of auction rate securities secured by municipal bonds and student loans. At December 31, 2009, the auction rate securities we held maintained Standard and Poor’s credit ratings of A or AAA. Our auction rate securities are debt instruments with a long-term maturity and with an interest rate that is reset in short intervals through auctions. The recent conditions in the global credit markets have prevented some investors from liquidating their holdings of auction rate securities because the amount of securities submitted for sale has exceeded the amount of purchase orders for such securities. If there is insufficient demand for the securities at the time of an auction, the auction may not be completed and the interest rates may be reset to predetermined higher rates. When auctions for these securities fail, the investments may not be readily convertible to cash until a future auction of these investments is successful or they are redeemed or mature.
Since February 2008, there has been insufficient demand at auction for all of our auction rate securities held at December 31, 2009. As a result, these affected securities are currently not liquid, and we could be required to hold them until they are redeemed by the issuer or to maturity. As of December 31, 2009, we had recognized $1.5 million of losses related to those auction rate securities by adjusting their carrying value. Any future decline in market value will result in additional losses being recognized.
The valuation of our auction rate security investment portfolio is subject to uncertainties that are difficult to predict. The fair values of these securities are estimated utilizing a discounted cash flow analysis or other type of valuation model as of December 31, 2009. The key drivers of the valuation model include the expected term, collateralization underlying the security investments, the creditworthiness of the counterparty, the timing of expected future cash flows, rates of default of the underlying assets, discount rates, and the expectation of the next time the security is expected to have a successful auction. These securities were also compared, when possible, to other observable market data with similar characteristics to the securities held by us.
In the event we need to access the funds that are not currently liquid, we will not be able to do so without the possible loss of principal, until a future auction for these investments is successful or they are redeemed by the issuer or they mature. If we are unable to sell these securities in the market or they are not redeemed, then we
 
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may be required to hold them to maturity. We do not anticipate a need to access these funds for operational purposes for the foreseeable future. We will continue to monitor and evaluate these investments on an ongoing basis for impairment. Based on our ability to access our cash and other short-term investments, our expected operating cash flows, and our other sources of cash, we do not anticipate that the potential illiquidity of these investments will affect our ability to execute our current business plan.
 
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 ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
 INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 	  	Page	
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	  	52	
Balance Sheets	  	53	
Statements of Operations	  	54	
Statements of Stockholders’ Equity	  	55	
Statements of Cash Flows	  	56	
Notes to Financial Statements	  	57	
 
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 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Vical Incorporated:
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Vical Incorporated (“the Company”) as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, and the related statements of operations, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2009. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Vical Incorporated at December 31, 2009 and 2008, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2009, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Vical Incorporated’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009, based on the criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 25, 2010 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

/s/    ERNST & YOUNG LLP	
	
San Diego, California	
February 25, 2010	
 
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 VICAL INCORPORATED
BALANCE SHEET
(in thousands, except per share data)

 	  	December 31,	 	
 	  	2009	 	 	2008	 	
ASSETS	  				 				
Current assets:	  				 				
Cash and cash equivalents	  	$	25,873	  	 	$	23,761	  	
Marketable securities, available-for-sale	  	 	18,385	  	 	 	9,731	  	
Restricted cash and marketable securities	  	 	2,827	  	 	 	2,774	  	
Receivables and other assets	  	 	1,349	  	 	 	1,852	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total current assets	  	 	48,434	  	 	 	38,118	  	
Long-term investments	  	 	5,477	  	 	 	5,410	  	
Property and equipment, net	  	 	9,260	  	 	 	10,734	  	
Intangible assets, net	  	 	3,743	  	 	 	4,337	  	
Other assets	  	 	458	  	 	 	458	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total assets	  	$	67,372	  	 	$	59,057	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	  				 				
Current liabilities:	  				 				
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	  	$	8,020	  	 	$	6,109	  	
Deferred revenue	  	 	1,990	  	 	 	1,709	  	
Current portion of equipment financing obligations	  	 	—  	  	 	 	156	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total current liabilities	  	 	10,010	  	 	 	7,974	  	
Long-term liabilities:	  				 				
Deferred rent	  	 	2,380	  	 	 	2,469	  	
Commitments and contingencies (Notes 6, 7 and 10)	  				 				
Stockholders’ equity:	  				 				
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 5,000 shares authorized, none issued and Outstanding	  	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 80,000 shares authorized, 53,781 and 40,358 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2009 and 2008, Respectively	  	 	538	  	 	 	403	  	
Additional paid-in capital	  	 	341,302	  	 	 	307,051	  	
Accumulated deficit	  	 	(287,370	) 	 	 	(258,812	) 	
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	  	 	512	  	 	 	(28	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total stockholders’ equity	  	 	54,982	  	 	 	48,614	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	  	$	67,372	  	 	$	59,057	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
See accompanying notes to financial statements
 
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 VICAL INCORPORATED
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except per share data)

 	  	Years ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2009	 	 	2008	 	 	2007	 	
Revenues:	  				 				 				
Contract and grant revenue	  	$	3,692	  	 	$	2,146	  	 	$	4,574	  	
License and royalty revenue	  	 	8,994	  	 	 	5,810	  	 	 	938	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total revenues	  	 	12,686	  	 	 	7,956	  	 	 	5,512	  	
Operating expenses:	  				 				 				
Research and development	  	 	23,449	  	 	 	25,532	  	 	 	22,934	  	
Manufacturing and production	  	 	10,354	  	 	 	11,046	  	 	 	13,762	  	
General and administrative	  	 	7,469	  	 	 	8,721	  	 	 	9,078	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total operating expenses	  	 	41,272	  	 	 	45,299	  	 	 	45,774	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Loss from operations	  	 	(28,586	) 	 	 	(37,343	) 	 	 	(40,262	) 	
Other income (expense):	  				 				 				
Investment income, net	  	 	30	  	 	 	468	  	 	 	4,464	  	
Interest expense	  	 	(2	) 	 	 	(21	) 	 	 	(96	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net loss	  	$	(28,558	) 	 	$	(36,896	) 	 	$	(35,894	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic and diluted net loss per share	  	$	(0.61	) 	 	$	(0.93	) 	 	$	(0.92	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Weighted average shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share	  	 	47,086	  	 	 	39,856	  	 	 	39,190	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
See accompanying notes to financial statements
 
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 VICAL INCORPORATED
STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
FOR EACH OF THE THREE YEARS IN THE PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2009
(in thousands)

 	  	Common Stock	  	Additional
Paid-in
Capital	 	 	Accumulated
Deficit	 	 	Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income/(loss)	 	 	Total
Stockholders’
Equity	 	
 	  	Number of
Shares	  	Amount	  			 			 			 			
Balance at January 1, 2007	  	39,149	  	$	391	  	$	299,581	  	 	$	(186,022	) 	 	$	173	  	 	$	114,123	  	
Net loss	  	—  	  	 	—  	  	 	—  	  	 	 	(35,894	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(35,894	) 	
Unrealized loss on marketable securities arising during holding period	  	—  	  	 	—  	  	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(162	) 	 	 	(162	) 	
Reclassification of realized gain included in net loss	  	—  	  	 	—  	  	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(82	) 	 	 	(82	) 	
	  		  			  				 				 				 	 	 	 	
Comprehensive loss	  		  			  				 				 				 	 	(36,138	) 	
Exercise of stock options and issuance of common stock underlying restricted stock units	  	47	  	 	1	  	 	(48	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(47	) 	
Non-cash compensation expense related to grant of stock options	  	—  	  	 	—  	  	 	1,974	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	1,974	  	
	  	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance at December 31, 2007	  	39,196	  	 	392	  	 	301,507	  	 	 	(221,916	) 	 	 	(71	) 	 	 	79,912	  	
	  	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net loss	  	—  	  	 	—  	  	 	—  	  	 	 	(36,896	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(36,896	) 	
Unrealized loss on marketable securities arising during holding period	  	—  	  	 	—  	  	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(109	) 	 	 	(109	) 	
Reclassification of realized loss included in net loss	  	—  	  	 	—  	  	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	152	  	 	 	152	  	
	  		  			  				 				 				 	 	 	 	
Comprehensive loss	  		  			  				 				 				 	 	(36,853	) 	
Issuance of common stock	  	1,110	  	 	11	  	 	3,939	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	3,950	  	
Exercise of stock options and issuance of common stock underlying restricted stock units	  	52	  	 	—  	  	 	(37	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(37	) 	
Non-cash compensation expense related to grant of stock options	  	—  	  	 	—  	  	 	1,642	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	1,642	  	
	  	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance at December 31, 2008	  	40,358	  	 	403	  	 	307,051	  	 	 	(258,812	) 	 	 	(28	) 	 	 	48,614	  	
	  	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net loss	  	—  	  	 	—  	  	 	—  	  	 	 	(28,558	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(28,558	) 	
Unrealized gain on marketable securities arising during holding period	  	—  	  	 	—  	  	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	607	  	 	 	607	  	
Reclassification of realized loss included in net loss	  	—  	  	 	—  	  	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(67	) 	 	 	(67	) 	
	  		  			  				 				 				 	 	 	 	
Comprehensive loss	  		  			  				 				 				 	 	(28,018	) 	
Issuance of common stock	  	11,421	  	 	115	  	 	28,716	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	28,831	  	
Exercise of stock options, warrants and issuance of common stock underlying restricted stock units	  	2,002	  	 	20	  	 	4,150	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	4,170	  	
Non-cash compensation expense related to grant of stock options	  	—  	  	 	—  	  	 	1,385	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	1,385	  	
	  	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance at December 31, 2009	  	53,781	  	$	538	  	$	341,302	  	 	$	(287,370	) 	 	$	512	  	 	$	54,982	  	
	  	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
See accompanying notes to financial statements
 
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 VICAL INCORPORATED
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)

 	  	Years ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2009	 	 	2008	 	 	2007	 	
Cash flows from operating activities:	  				 				 				
Net loss	  	$	(28,558	) 	 	$	(36,896	) 	 	$	(35,894	) 	
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:	  				 				 				
Depreciation and amortization	  	 	2,629	  	 	 	2,868	  	 	 	3,264	  	
Other than temporary loss on marketable securities and other assets	  	 	405	  	 	 	1,297	  	 	 	—  	  	
Write-off of abandoned patents	  	 	86	  	 	 	255	  	 	 	20	  	
Gain on sale of property and equipment	  	 	(5	) 	 	 	(2	) 	 	 	(49	) 	
Compensation expense related to stock options and awards	  	 	1,385	  	 	 	1,642	  	 	 	1,974	  	
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:	  				 				 				
Receivables and other	  	 	503	  	 	 	(591	) 	 	 	3,788	  	
Other assets	  	 	—  	  	 	 	235	  	 	 	452	  	
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	  	 	1,848	  	 	 	647	  	 	 	5	  	
Deferred revenue	  	 	281	  	 	 	(391	) 	 	 	2,100	  	
Deferred rent	  	 	(26	) 	 	 	69	  	 	 	158	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash used in operating activities	  	 	(21,452	) 	 	 	(30,867	) 	 	 	(24,182	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash flows from investing activities:	  				 				 				
Maturities of marketable securities—including restricted	  	 	16,018	  	 	 	31,031	  	 	 	134,987	  	
Purchases of marketable securities—including restricted	  	 	(24,657	) 	 	 	(14,058	) 	 	 	(90,344	) 	
Purchases of property and equipment	  	 	(337	) 	 	 	(414	) 	 	 	(1,210	) 	
Sale of property and equipment	  	 	10	  	 	 	3	  	 	 	68	  	
Patent and licensed technology expenditures	  	 	(315	) 	 	 	(639	) 	 	 	(572	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	  	 	(9,281	) 	 	 	15,923	  	 	 	42,929	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash flows from financing activities:	  				 				 				
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	  	 	33,038	  	 	 	3,989	  	 	 	54	  	
Principal payments under equipment financing obligations	  	 	(156	) 	 	 	(555	) 	 	 	(2,716	) 	
Payment of withholding taxes for net settlement of restricted stock units	  	 	(37	) 	 	 	(76	) 	 	 	(101	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	  	 	32,845	  	 	 	3,358	  	 	 	(2,763	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	  	 	2,112	  	 	 	(11,586	) 	 	 	15,984	  	
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	  	 	23,761	  	 	 	35,347	  	 	 	19,363	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	  	$	25,873	  	 	$	23,761	  	 	$	35,347	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Supplemental information:	  				 				 				
Interest paid	  	$	2	  	 	$	21	  	 	$	96	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
See accompanying notes to financial statements
 
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 VICAL INCORPORATED
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Organization and Business Activity
Vical Incorporated, or the Company, a Delaware corporation, was incorporated in April 1987 and has devoted substantially all of its resources since that time to its research and development programs. The Company researches and develops biopharmaceutical products based on its patented DNA delivery technologies for the prevention and treatment of serious or life-threatening diseases.
All of the Company’s potential products are in research and development phases. No revenues have been generated from the sale of any such products, nor are any such revenues expected for at least the next several years. The Company earns revenue from research and development agreements with pharmaceutical collaborators and grant and contract arrangements with government entities. Most product candidates will require significant additional research and development efforts, including extensive preclinical and clinical testing. All product candidates that advance to clinical testing will require regulatory approval prior to commercial use, and will require significant costs for commercialization. There can be no assurance that the Company’s research and development efforts, or those of its collaborators, will be successful. The Company expects to continue to incur substantial losses and not generate positive cash flows from operations for at least the next several years. No assurance can be given that the Company can generate sufficient product revenue to become profitable or generate positive cash flows from operations.
Basis of Presentation
These financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the date and time its financial statements were issued on February 25, 2010.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and disclosures made in the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities
Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and highly liquid securities with original maturities at the date of acquisition of ninety days or less. Investments with an original maturity of more than ninety days are considered marketable securities and have been classified by management as available-for-sale. Such investments are carried at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses included as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Realized gains and losses from the sale of available-for-sale securities or the amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income, if any, are determined on a specific identification basis.
Restricted Cash and Marketable Securities
The Company is required to maintain a letter of credit securing an amount equal to twelve months of the current monthly installment of base rent for the term of the lease for its facilities, which ends in August 2017. Under certain circumstances the Company may be able to eliminate the need for the letter of credit. At both December 31, 2009 and 2008, restricted cash and marketable securities of $2.8 million were pledged as collateral for the letter of credit.
 
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VICAL INCORPORATED
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
 
Concentrations of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash equivalents and marketable securities. The Company invests its excess cash in debt instruments of financial institutions and of corporations with strong credit ratings, in U.S. government obligations, and in money market funds at financial institutions. The Company has established guidelines relative to investment ratings, diversification and maturities that maintain safety and liquidity. These guidelines are periodically reviewed and modified to take advantage of trends in yields and interest rates.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment is recorded at cost and depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Assets acquired pursuant to capital lease arrangements and leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the life of the remaining lease term or the remaining useful life of the asset. Manufacturing equipment has estimated useful lives of ten years. All other property and equipment have estimated useful lives of 3 to 5 years.
Intangible Assets
Intangible assets include licensed technology rights and certain costs related to patent applications. The Company capitalizes license fees paid to acquire access to proprietary technology if the technology is expected to have alternative future use in multiple research and development projects. The cost of licensed technology rights is amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the technology. Certain costs related to patent applications are amortized over the estimated economic lives of the patents, which is generally 20 years and commences at the time the patent application is filed. Amortization expense for licensed technology and capitalized patent cost is included in research and development expenses.
Impairment of Long-lived Assets
The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment at least annually, quarterly for intangible assets, and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Should an impairment exist, the impairment loss would be measured based on the excess of the carrying amount of the asset over the asset’s fair value. The Company recognized research and development expense of approximately $0.1 million, $0.3 million, and $20,000 in each of the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively, related to patents for which the value was deemed to be impaired. The Company believes the future cash flows to be received from its remaining long-lived assets will exceed the assets’ carrying value, and accordingly has not recognized any additional impairment losses.
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 605 “Revenue Recognition.” Revenue is recognized when the four basic criteria of revenue recognition are met: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) delivery has occurred or services rendered; (3) the fee is fixed or determinable; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured.
C ontract Manufacturing Revenue
The Company’s contract manufacturing arrangements typically require the delivery of multiple lots of clinical vaccines. The Company analyzes its multiple element arrangements to determine whether the elements can be separated and accounted for individually as separate units of accounting. The evaluation is performed at
 
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the inception of the arrangement. The delivered item(s) is considered a separate unit of accounting if all of the following criteria are met: (1) the delivered item(s) have standalone value to the customer; (2) there is objective and reliable evidence of the fair value of the undelivered item(s); and (3) if the arrangement includes a general right of return relative to the delivered item, delivery or performance of the undelivered item(s) is considered probable and substantially in the Company’s control. If the delivered item does not have standalone value or the Company does not have objective or reliable evidence of the fair value of the undelivered component, the amount of revenue allocable to the delivered item is deferred.
License and Royalty Revenue
The Company’s license and royalty revenues are generated through agreements with strategic partners. Nonrefundable, up-front license fees and milestone payments with standalone value that are not dependent on any future performance by the Company under the agreements are recognized as revenue upon the earlier of the date on which payments are received or collection is assured, but are deferred if the Company has continuing performance obligations. If the Company has continuing involvement through contractual obligations under such agreements, such up-front fees are deferred and recognized over the period for which the Company continues to have a performance obligation, unless all of the following criteria exist: (1) the delivered item(s) have standalone value to the customer, (2) there is objective and reliable evidence of the fair value of the undelivered item(s), and (3) delivery or performance is probable and within our control for any items that have a right of return.
The Company recognizes royalty revenues from licensed products when earned in accordance with the terms of the license agreements. Net sales figures used for calculating royalties include deductions for costs of returns, cash discounts, and freight and warehousing, which may vary over the course of the license agreements. Payments received related to milestones are recognized as revenue upon the achievement of the milestones as specified in the underlying agreements, which represent the culmination of the earnings process.
Government Research Grant Revenue
The Company recognizes revenues from federal government research grants during the period in which the related expenditures are incurred.
Accruals for Potential Disallowed Costs on Government Contracts
The Company has contracts with U.S. government agencies under which it bills for direct and indirect costs incurred. These billed costs are subject to audit by government agencies. The Company had established accruals of approximately $0.1 million at each of December 31, 2009 and 2008, to provide for potential disallowed costs. In the event that the final costs allowed are different from what the Company has estimated, the Company may need to make a change in its estimated accrual, which could also affect its results of operations and cash flow.
Research and Development Costs
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development costs include salaries and personnel-related costs, supplies and materials, outside services, costs of conducting preclinical and clinical trials, facilities costs and amortization of intangible assets. The Company accounts for its clinical trial costs by estimating the total cost to treat a patient in each clinical trial, and accruing this total cost for the patient over the estimated treatment period, which corresponds with the period over which the services are performed, beginning when the patient enrolls in the clinical trial. This estimated cost includes payments to the site conducting the trial, and patient-related lab and other costs related to the conduct of the trial. Cost per patient varies based on the type
 
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of clinical trial, the site of the clinical trial, the method of administration of the treatment, and the number of treatments that a patient receives. Treatment periods vary depending on the clinical trial. The Company makes revisions to the clinical trial cost estimates as clinical trials progress.
Manufacturing and Production Costs
Manufacturing and production costs include expenses related to manufacturing contracts and expenses related to the production of plasmid DNA for use in the Company’s research and development efforts. Manufacturing expenses related to manufacturing contracts are deferred and expensed when the related revenue is recognized. Production expenses related to the Company’s research and development efforts are expensed as incurred.
Restructuring Costs
During the fourth quarter of 2008, the Company announced a work force reduction of approximately 29 employees. The restructuring was designed to preserve capital and focus the Company’s efforts on its most advanced product development programs. As a result of the restructuring the Company incurred a charge for one-time termination benefits of $0.8 million in 2008, of which $0.4 million, $0.2 million, and $0.2 million was included in research and development, manufacturing and production and general and administrative expenses, respectively. Approximately $0.4 million of the charge was paid out in each of 2009 and 2008.
Net Loss Per Share
Basic and diluted net loss per share has been computed using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. The weighted-average number of shares used to compute diluted loss per share excludes any assumed exercise of stock options, and the assumed issuance of common stock under restricted stock units, or RSUs, as the effect would be antidilutive. Common stock equivalents of 1.1 million, 0.1 million and 0.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively, were excluded from the calculation because of their antidilutive effect.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying amounts of cash, cash equivalents, restricted marketable securities, marketable securities, receivables, other current assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses at December 31, 2009 and 2008, are considered to reasonably approximate fair value because of the short term nature of those items. The Company believes the carrying amounts of the Company’s equipment financing obligations at December 31, 2009 and 2008, approximate fair value because the interest rates on these instruments change with, or approximate, market interest rates.
Income Taxes
Deferred income taxes result primarily from temporary differences between financial and tax reporting. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement bases and the tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates. A valuation allowance is established to reduce a deferred tax asset to the amount that is expected more likely than not to be realized.
 
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Comprehensive Loss
Comprehensive loss consists of net loss and certain changes in equity that are excluded from net loss. Comprehensive loss for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, has been reflected in the Statements of Stockholders’ Equity. Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), which is included in stockholders’ equity, represents unrealized gains and losses on marketable securities.
Business Segments
The Company has adopted FASB ASC 280, “Segment Reporting,” and has determined that the Company operates in one business segment, which is within the United States, and is dedicated to research and development of DNA delivery technology.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In April 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued authoritative guidance on determining fair value when the volume and level of activity for an asset or liability have significantly decreased and identifying transactions that are not orderly. The guidance emphasizes that even if there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity, the objective of a fair value measurement remains the same. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction (that is, not a forced liquidation or distressed sale) between market participants. The guidance provides a number of factors to consider when evaluating whether there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for an asset or liability in relation to normal market activity. In addition, when transactions or quoted prices are not considered orderly, adjustments to those prices based on the weight of available information may be needed to determine the appropriate fair value. The guidance is effective for interim or annual reporting periods ending after June 15, 2009, and was adopted prospectively. The adoption did not have a significant impact on the determination or reporting of the Company’s financial results.
In May 2009, the FASB issued authoritative guidance on required disclosures for subsequent events. The guidance is intended to establish general standards of accounting for, and disclosure of, events that occur after the balance sheet date but before financial statements are issued. It requires the disclosure of the date through which an entity has evaluated subsequent events and the basis for that date. The guidance is effective for interim or annual financial periods ending after June 15, 2009, and was adopted prospectively. The adoption did not have a significant impact on the determination or reporting of the Company’s financial results.
In September 2009, the FASB issued authoritative guidance regarding multiple-deliverable revenue arrangements. This guidance addresses how to separate deliverables and how to measure and allocate consideration to one or more units of accounting. Specifically, the guidance requires that consideration be allocated among multiple deliverables based on relative selling prices. The guidance establishes a selling price hierarchy of (1) vendor-specific objective evidence, (2) third-party evidence and (3) estimated selling price. This guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after June 15, 2010, but may be early adopted as of the beginning of an annual period. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that this guidance will have on its financial position and results of operations.
In December 2007, the FASB issued authoritative guidance on business combinations, which is effective for business combinations with an acquisition date subsequent to December 31, 2008. The guidance establishes principles and requirements for how an acquirer in a business combination recognizes and measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any controlling interest; recognizes and measures the goodwill acquired in the business combination or a gain from a bargain purchase;
 
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and determines what information to disclose to enable users of the financial statements to evaluate the nature and financial effects of the business combination. Also, under the guidance, transaction costs will no longer be considered part of the fair value of an acquisition, and will be expensed as incurred.
In December 2007, the FASB issued authoritative guidance on the reporting of noncontrolling interests in consolidated financial statements, which is effective for fiscal years beginning on or after December 1, 2008. The guidance improves the relevance, comparability and transparency of financial information provided to investors by requiring all entities to report noncontrolling (minority) interests in subsidiaries in the same way. The guidance also eliminates the diversity that exists in accounting for transactions between an entity and noncontrolling interests by requiring they be treated as equity transactions. As of December 31, 2009, the Company did not hold any noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries.
Share-Based Compensation
The Company records its compensation expense associated with stock options and other forms of equity compensation based on their fair value in accordance with the FASB authoritative guidance on stock based compensation. Stock-based compensation includes amortization related to stock option awards based on the estimated grant date fair value. Stock-based compensation expense related to stock options includes an estimate for forfeitures and is recognized ratably over the vesting period of the option. In addition, the Company records expense related to RSUs granted based on the fair value of those awards on the grant date. The fair value related to the RSUs is amortized to expense over the vesting term of those awards. Stock-based compensation expense related to RSUs includes an estimate for forfeitures and is recognized over the expected term of the award using the straight-line method. The expected forfeiture rate of all equity based compensation is based on observed historical patterns of the Company’s employees and is estimated to be 11.2% annually for each of the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007.
The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton valuation model using the assumptions noted in the following table. The expected life of options is based on observed historical exercise patterns. The expected volatility of stock options is based upon the historical volatility of the Company’s stock. The risk-free interest rate is based on the implied yield on a U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issue with a remaining term equal to the expected term of the option. The dividend yield reflects that the Company has not paid any cash dividends since inception and does not intend to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

   	  	Year ended
December 31,
2009	 	 	Year ended
December 31,
2008	 	 	Year ended
December 31,
2007	 	
Assumptions:	  			 			 			
Assumed risk-free interest rate	  	1.62	% 	 	3.17	% 	 	4.65	% 	
Assumed volatility	  	60	% 	 	56	% 	 	59	% 	
Average expected option life	  	4.5 years	  	 	4.5 years	  	 	4.5 years	  	
Expected dividend yield	  	—  	  	 	—  	  	 	—  	  	
 
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2. Short-Term Marketable Securities
The following is a summary of short-term marketable securities classified as available-for-sale (in thousands):

December 31, 2009	  	Amortized
Cost	  	Unrealized
Gain	  	Unrealized
Loss	  	Market
Value	
U.S. treasuries	  	$	5,519	  	$	22	  	$	—  	  	$	5,541	
Government-sponsored enterprise securities	  	 	9,583	  	 	3	  	 	—  	  	 	9,586	
Corporate bonds	  	 	1,000	  	 	—  	  	 	1	  	 	999	
Certificate of deposit	  	 	2,264	  	 	—  	  	 	5	  	 	2,259	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
	  	$	18,366	  	$	25	  	$	6	  	$	18,385	

													
December 31, 2008	  	Amortized
Cost	  	Unrealized
Gain	  	Unrealized
Loss	  	Market
Value	
U.S. treasuries	  	$	2,980	  	$	65	  	$	—  	  	$	3,045	
Government-sponsored enterprise securities	  	 	2,988	  	 	12	  	 	—  	  	 	3,000	
Corporate bonds	  	 	2,994	  	 	—  	  	 	99	  	 	2,895	
Corporate asset backed securities	  	 	50	  	 	—  	  	 	6	  	 	44	
Certificate of deposit	  	 	3,521	  	 	—  	  	 	—  	  	 	3,521	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
	  	$	12,533	  	$	77	  	$	105	  	$	12,505	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
All of the securities held at December 31, 2009, mature within one year. Net realized gains (losses) on sales of available-for-sale securities for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 were $0.0 million, ($0.2) million and $0.1 million, respectively. None of these investments have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for more than 12 months as of December 31, 2009 and 2008.
3. Long-Term Investments
As of December 31, 2009, the Company held $6.5 million (at par value) of auction rate securities which were classified as long-term investments. With the liquidity issues experienced in global credit and capital markets, these auction rate securities have experienced multiple failed auctions since 2008, as the amount of securities submitted for sale has exceeded the amount of purchase orders, and as a result, these affected securities are currently not liquid. All of the Company’s auction rate securities are secured by either student loans or municipal bonds. The student loans are backed by the full faith and credit of the federal government (up to approximately 98% of the value of the student loan). At December 31, 2009, the auction rate securities held by the Company maintained Standard and Poor’s credit ratings of A or AAA. All of these securities continue to pay interest according to their stated terms. While it is not the Company’s intent to hold these securities until their stated ultimate maturity dates, these investments are scheduled to ultimately mature between 2038 and 2043.
The valuation of the Company’s auction rate security investment portfolio is subject to uncertainties that are difficult to predict. The fair values of these securities are estimated utilizing a discounted cash flow analysis. The key drivers of the valuation model include the expected term, collateralization underlying the security investments, the creditworthiness of the counterparty, the timing of expected future cash flows, rates of default of the underlying assets, discount rates, and the expectation of the next time the security is expected to have a successful auction. These securities were also compared, when possible, to other observable market data for securities with similar characteristics. Based on the valuation of the individual securities, the Company has recognized cumulative losses of $1.5 million as of December 31, 2009, of which $0.4 million was realized during
 
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the year ended December 31, 2009. This loss is included in investment and other income. During 2009, the market value of these securities partially recovered from the lows that created the loss. As of December 31, 2009, the Company had recorded cumulative unrealized gains of $0.5 million. The resulting carrying value of the auction rate securities at December 31, 2009, was $5.5 million which is included in long-term investments. Any future decline in market value may result in additional losses being recognized.
At present, in the event the Company needs to liquidate its auction rate securities that are in an illiquid state, it may not be able to do so without the possible loss of principal until a future auction for these investments is successful, another secondary market evolves for these securities, they are redeemed by the issuer or they mature. If the Company is unable to sell these securities in the market or they are not redeemed, then the Company could be required to hold them to maturity. The Company does not have a need to access these funds for operational purposes in the foreseeable future. The Company will continue to monitor and evaluate these investments on an ongoing basis for impairment.
4. Fair Value Measurements
The Company adopted ASC 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” on January 1, 2008. ASC 820, among other things, defines fair value, establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure for each major asset and liability category measured at fair value on either a recurring or nonrecurring basis. ASC 820 clarifies that fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, ASC 820 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:
 
 	•	 	Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;	
 
 	•	 	Level 2: Inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and	
 
 	•	 	Level 3: Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.	
Cash equivalents, marketable securities and long-term investments measured at fair value as of December 31, 2009, are classified in the table below in one of the three categories described above (in thousands):

 	  	Fair Value Measurements	
 	  	Level 1	  	Level 2	  	Level 3	  	Total	
Certificates of deposit	  	$	2,259	  	$	—  	  	$	—  	  	$	2,259	
Money market funds	  	 	25,121	  	 	—  	  	 	—  	  	 	25,121	
U.S. treasuries	  	 	5,541	  	 	—  	  	 	—  	  	 	5,541	
Government-sponsored enterprise securities	  	 	—  	  	 	9,586	  	 	—  	  	 	9,586	
Corporate bonds	  	 	—  	  	 	999	  	 	—  	  	 	999	
Auction rate securities	  	 	—  	  	 	—  	  	 	5,477	  	 	5,477	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
	  	$	32,921	  	$	10,585	  	$	5,477	  	$	48,983	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
The Company’s investments in U.S. treasury securities, certificates of deposit and money market funds are valued based on publicly available quoted market prices for identical securities as of December 31, 2009. The
 
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Company’s investments in government-sponsored entities and corporate bonds are valued by a third party using proprietary valuation models and analytical tools. The inputs to these models include market pricing for similar instruments that are both objective and publicly available.
Activity for assets measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) is presented in the table below (in thousands):

Balance at December 31, 2008	  	$	5,410	  	
Total net unrealized losses included in earnings	  	 	(405	) 	
Total net unrealized gains included in other comprehensive income	  	 	494	  	
Net transfers in and/out of Level 3	  	 	(22	) 	
	  	 	 	 	
Balance at December 31, 2009	  	$	5,477	  	
	  	 	 	 	
Amount of total losses for the period included in net loss attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at December 31, 2009	  	$	(405	) 	
	  	 	 	 	
The Company transferred $6.5 million of its long-term investments into the Level 3 category during the year ended December 31, 2008. Total unrealized losses of $1.5 million relate to Level 3 assets still held as of December 31, 2009. Unrealized losses related to Level 3 assets included in earnings for the year ended December 31, 2009, are included in investment and other income.
5. Other Balance Sheet Accounts
Property and equipment consisted of the following at December 31 (in thousands):

 	  	2009	 	 	2008	 	
Equipment	  	$	18,980	  	 	$	19,245	  	
Leasehold improvements	  	 	10,113	  	 	 	10,113	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
	  	 	29,093	  	 	 	29,358	  	
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	  	 	(19,833	) 	 	 	(18,624	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
	  	$	9,260	  	 	$	10,734	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Depreciation and amortization of equipment and leasehold improvements for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, was $1.8 million, $2.0 million and $2.4 million, respectively. These amounts include depreciation related to equipment under equipment financing arrangements. See Note 6 for equipment financing arrangements.
Intangible assets consisted of the following at December 31 (in thousands):

 	  	2009	 	 	2008	 	
Licensed technology rights	  	$	4,015	  	 	$	4,015	  	
Patent application costs	  	 	5,686	  	 	 	5,490	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
	  	 	9,701	  	 	 	9,505	  	
Accumulated amortization licensed technology rights	  	 	(3,138	) 	 	 	(2,739	) 	
Accumulated amortization patent costs	  	 	(2,820	) 	 	 	(2,429	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
	  	$	3,743	  	 	$	4,337	  	

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Amortization of licensed technology rights and patent application costs for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, was $0.8 million, $0.9 million and $0.9 million, respectively. Estimated annual amortization for these assets for each of the years in the period from 2010 to 2014 is $0.7 million, $0.7 million, $0.3 million, $0.3 million and $0.3 million, respectively.
Accounts payable and accrued expenses consisted of the following at December 31 (in thousands):

 	  	2009	  	2008	
Employee compensation	  	$	2,569	  	$	2,575	
Clinical trial accruals	  	 	3,679	  	 	1,795	
Accounts payable	  	 	967	  	 	677	
Other accrued liabilities	  	 	805	  	 	1,062	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	
	  	$	8,020	  	$	6,109	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	
6. Significant Contracts, Grants , License and Royalty Agreements
Contract and Grant Agreements
AnGes Research and Development Agreement
On May 25, 2006, the Company entered into a research and development agreement, or R&D Agreement, with AnGes MG, Inc., or AnGes, whereby AnGes agreed to fund the Company’s Allovectin-7 ® Phase 3 clinical trial. The funding consisted of purchases by AnGes of $10.85 million of restricted shares of the Company’s common stock and additional non-refundable cash payments by AnGes of up to $11.75 million. If the project costs exceed the aggregate amount of $22.6 million, the Company and AnGes have agreed to share the excess project costs up to certain limits. All of the funding provided by AnGes, including those funds used to purchase the Company’s common stock, must be used for actual and documented costs related to the conduct of the Allovectin-7 ® Phase 3 trial.
Under the R&D Agreement, the Company has granted to AnGes exclusive marketing rights for Allovectin-7 ® in specified countries in Asia and AnGes has agreed to pursue regulatory approvals in those countries, subject to receipt by the Company of regulatory approval in the United States. The Company has also granted AnGes certain royalty-bearing licenses to its technology and know-how. AnGes is obligated to pay royalties to the Company on sales of Allovectin-7 ® in specified countries in Asia. AnGes also obtained the right to receive royalties from the Company on any commercial sales of Allovectin-7 ® in the United States outside specified Asian countries. AnGes may also purchase supplies of Allovectin-7 ® from the Company for resale by AnGes in Asia.
The first equity installment of $6.9 million was received by the Company upon execution of the R&D Agreement and a related stock purchase agreement. In accordance with the terms of the stock purchase agreement AnGes was issued 1,061,538 shares of the Company’s restricted common stock at $6.50 per share in exchange for the first installment. The second equity installment of $4.0 million was received by the Company during 2008. In accordance with the terms of the stock purchase agreement AnGes was issued 1,109,550 shares of the Company’s restricted common stock at $3.56 per share in exchange for the second installment.
Under the stock purchase agreement, the Company has also granted AnGes limited rights to require the Company to register the shares of common stock under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, upon the occurrence of certain events. AnGes has also agreed to certain transfer restrictions with respect to the shares of common stock sold under the stock purchase agreement and has further agreed to certain standstill provisions whereby AnGes will refrain from acquiring or taking certain other actions with respect to the Company’s common stock, subject to certain exceptions.
 
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As of December 31, 2009, the Company had received total cash installments of $11.8 million from AnGes under the agreement. Revenue is recognized based on the ratio of actual costs incurred to total estimated costs expected to be incurred. Revenue of approximately $9.8 million has been recognized under this agreement with the remaining $2.0 million of the cash installments paid to date recorded as deferred revenue and is included as a liability in the Company’s balance sheet.
U.S. Navy
In 2008, the Company entered into a $1.3 million contract with the Naval Medical Research Center, or NMRC, to manufacture a dengue DNA vaccine formulated with the Company’s Vaxfectin ® adjuvant. Under the contract the Company is obligated to manufacture the vaccine and the adjuvant and to provide regulatory and clinical expertise. The NMRC plans to utilize the vaccine in preclinical and Phase 1 clinical trials. Testing is expected to be performed at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research under sponsorship of the U.S. Army Medical Material Development Activity. The vaccine was delivered and $1.3 million of revenue was recognized in 2009.
In 2009, the Company entered into a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement with the NMRC, to develop a H1N1 DNA vaccine formulated with the Company’s Vaxfectin ® adjuvant. Under the agreement, the Company is obligated to manufacture the vaccine and adjuvant, perform preclinical studies, file an IND with the FDA, and develop a clinical immunoassay. These activities are being funded under a $1.3 million contract with the U.S. government. NMRC plans to utilize the vaccine in a Phase 1 clinical trial expected to begin in 2010. The Company recognized $0.6 million in revenue related to this contract in 2009.
NIH Vaccine Research Center
In 2002, the Company entered into a subcontract agreement, which was subsequently amended, to manufacture HIV, Ebola, West Nile virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS, DNA vaccines for the Dale and Betty Bumpers Vaccine Research Center, or VRC, of the National Institute of Health, or NIH. In 2003, the Company entered into a separate subcontract agreement to manufacture bulk DNA vaccines for the VRC, which were produced in a 500-liter fermenter and related purification equipment that were installed as Government Furnished Equipment, or GFE. The Company has completed all production orders under both subcontract agreements. The Company recognized revenues under these agreements of $1.9 million in 2007.
Government Grants
In 2008, the Company was awarded a two-year, $2.0 million Phase II Small Business Technology Transfer grant from National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, or NIAID, of the NIH. The grant will fund the ongoing development of the Company’s immunotherapeutic plasmid DNA vaccine against herpes simplex virus type 2, or HSV-2. The Company recognized $0.6 million and $0.4 million in revenue under this grant in 2009 and 2008, respectively.
In 2007, the Company was awarded funding for a three-year, $6.0 million grant from the NIAID for development of a DNA vaccine manufacturing process with the potential to produce several million doses of vaccines in a matter of days. The Company recognized $1.0 million, $1.5 million and $0.5 million in revenue under this grant in 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
The Company’s preclinical research for its influenza vaccine candidates has been supported, in part, by grants from the NIAID. In 2005, the Company received a $0.5 million grant from the NIAID to support the
 
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development of a DNA vaccine against seasonal influenza and a two-year, $2.9 million challenge grant from the NIAID to support the development of a DNA vaccine against naturally emerging or weaponized strains of avian influenza. The Company recognized $0.9 million in revenue under these grants in 2007.
In March 2005, the Company was awarded a three-year, $3.1 million grant by the NIAID. The grant partially funded the development of the Company’s CMV vaccine. The Company recognized $1.0 million in revenue under this grant in 2007.
License and Royalty Agreements
Merck
In 1991, the Company entered into an agreement with Merck & Co., Inc., or Merck, which was subsequently amended, providing Merck with certain exclusive rights to develop and commercialize vaccines using the Company’s core DNA delivery technology for specified human diseases. Under the agreement, as amended, Merck licensed preventive and therapeutic human infectious disease vaccines using the Company’s core DNA delivery technology.
In 2003, the Company amended the agreement, providing Merck options for rights to use the Company’s core DNA delivery technology for three cancer targets. In addition, Merck returned rights to the Company for certain infectious disease vaccines. Merck has retained rights to use the licensed technology for HIV, hepatitis C virus, and hepatitis B virus. In June 2005, Merck exercised options related to three cancer targets that were granted under the 2003 amendment.
In November 2005, Merck initiated a Phase 1 clinical trial of a DNA cancer vaccine based on the Company’s DNA delivery technology that uses pDNA encoding human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, or HER-2, and carcinoembryonic antigen, or CEA. The Phase 1 trial will evaluate the safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of the vaccine. The vaccine candidate expected to be studied in a second Phase 1 trial is based on the Company’s DNA gene delivery technology and encodes human telomerase reverse transcriptase, or hTERT.
Merck is obligated to pay fees if certain research milestones are achieved, and royalties on net sales if any products covered by the Company’s agreement with Merck are commercialized. Merck has the right to terminate this agreement without cause upon 90 days prior written notice. Total revenue recognized under this agreement was $1.5 million and $1.0 million in 2009 and 2008, respectively. No revenues were recognized under this agreement in 2007. Further development of these vaccines may lead to additional milestone and royalty payments.
AnGes
In 2005, the Company granted an exclusive worldwide license to AnGes for use of its core DNA delivery technology in the development and commercialization of DNA-based products encoding Hepatocyte Growth Factor, or HGF, for cardiovascular applications. In 2008, the Company received and recognized as revenue a $1.0 million time-based milestone payment from AnGes. No revenues were recognized under this agreement in 2009 or 2007.
 
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In-licensing Agreements
CytRx
In 2001, the Company entered into an exclusive agreement with CytRx which grants to the Company the rights to use or sublicense CytRx’s poloxamer technology to enhance viral or non-viral delivery of polynucleotides in all preventive and therapeutic human and animal health applications, including CMV. The agreement excludes applications for four infectious disease vaccine targets that had been licensed to Merck and prostate-specific membrane antigen. In addition, the agreement permits the Company’s use of CytRx’s technology to enhance the delivery of proteins in prime-boost vaccine applications that involve the use of polynucleotides. As part of the agreement, the Company made a $3.8 million up-front payment and agreed to make potential future milestone and royalty payments. The license fee is being amortized over the estimated ten-year average useful life of the technology.
Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation and University of Michigan License Agreements
The Company has research and exclusive license agreements with the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, or WARF, and the University of Michigan for continuing research and license rights to technology related to DNA delivery. The agreements grant the Company the right to commercialize any product derived from specified technology. The fees paid by the Company under these agreements are expensed as incurred.
Under the Merck, sanofi-aventis, AnGes, Merial and Aqua Health agreements, the Company is required to pay up to 10% of certain initial upfront monetary payments, and a small percentage of some royalty payments, to the WARF. The CytRx, University of Michigan, and other license agreements require the Company to make payments if the Company or its sublicensees advance products through clinical development. For programs developed with the support of U.S. government funding, the U.S. government may have rights to resulting products without payment of royalties.
Milestone Payments
The Company may be required to make future payments to its licensors based on the achievement of milestones set forth in various in-licensing agreements. In most cases, these milestone payments are based on the achievement of development or regulatory milestones, including the exercise of options to obtain licenses related to specific disease targets, commencement of various phases of clinical trials, filing of product license applications, approval of product licenses from the FDA or a foreign regulatory agency, and the first commercial sale of a related product. Payment for the achievement of milestones under the Company’s in-license agreements is highly speculative and subject to a number of contingencies.
The aggregate amount of additional milestone payments that the Company could be required to pay under all of its in-license agreements in place at December 31, 2009, is approximately $18.1 million, of which approximately $7.5 million is related to the Company’s independent programs and corporate and government collaborations which are currently in clinical trials. These amounts assume that all remaining milestones associated with the milestone payments are met. In the event that product license approval for any of the related products is obtained, the Company may be required to make royalty payments in addition to these milestone payments. Although the Company believes that some of the milestones contained in its in-license agreements may be achieved, it is highly unlikely that a significant number of them will be achieved. Because the milestones are highly contingent and the Company has limited control over whether the development and regulatory milestones will be achieved, the Company is not in a position to reasonably estimate how much, if any, of the potential milestone payments will ultimately be paid. Additionally, under the in-license agreements, many of the milestone events are related to progress in clinical trials which will take several years to achieve.
 
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NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
 
7. Equipment Financing Obligations
In December 2004, the Company modified an equipment financing agreement which provided for $5.3 million of financing, with interest rates ranging from 3.0% to 3.2%. The draw down period for this equipment financing arrangement ended in October 2005. The balance of the amounts outstanding under this credit facility was repaid in 2009.
8. Commitments and Contingencies
Facility Leases
The Company is currently leasing its facility which has approximately 68,400 square feet of manufacturing, research laboratory and office space. The lease expires in August 2017. The Company has the option to renew the lease for three additional five-year periods beyond its expiration, and has a one-time purchase option at 110 percent of fair market value which the Company can exercise in year nine of the lease.
The lease related to the facility is treated as an operating lease. The minimum annual rents on the facility are subject to increases specified in the lease. The Company is also required to pay taxes, insurance and operating costs under the facility lease. The Company recognizes level monthly rent for its facility lease over the entire lease period. The monthly rent is calculated by adding the total rent payments over the entire lease period and then dividing the result by the total term of the lease. The $2.4 million difference between the base rent paid and the rent expensed through December 31, 2009, is recorded as deferred rent in the balance sheet. Rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, was $3.3, $3.2 and $3.2 million, respectively.
At December 31, 2009, annual payments due under the Company’s facilities lease were as follows (in thousands):

Years ending December 31,	  			
2010	  	$	3,168	
2011	  	 	3,263	
2012	  	 	3,350	
2013	  	 	3,417	
2014	  	 	3,485	
Thereafter	  	 	9,630	
	  	 	 	
Total lease payments	  	$	26,313	
	  	 	 	
Other Contingencies
European patent 1026253, or the ’253 patent, covering a significant portion of the Company’s core DNA delivery technology, was granted in September 2004. In September 2005, the ’253 patent was opposed by eight parties. This ’253 patent was revoked on formal grounds in December 2008 under an initial ruling by the Opposition Division of the European Patent Office. The Company appealed this decision in April 2009; however, regardless of the ultimate outcome, the ’253 patent will expire in March 2010. The Company may use other issued patents and patent applications that are pending in Europe to protect its DNA delivery technology.
The Company prosecutes its intellectual property estate vigorously to obtain the broadest valid scope for its patents. Due to uncertainty of the ultimate outcome of these matters, the impact on future operating results or the Company’s financial condition is not subject to reasonable estimates.
 
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In the ordinary course of business, the Company may become a party to lawsuits involving various matters. The Company is unaware of any such lawsuits presently pending against it which, individually or in the aggregate, are deemed to be material to the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.
9. Stockholders’ Equity
The Company has on file two effective shelf registration statements that collectively allow it to raise up to an additional $140.2 million from the sale of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities and/or warrants. Specific terms of any offering under the shelf registration statements and the securities involved would be established at the time of sale.
In December 2009, certain of the Company’s investors exercised 1,967,689 common stock warrants that were issued in connection with the Company’s May 2009 registered direct offering. The Company received net proceeds of $4.2 million as a result of this exercise. As of December 31, 2009, warrants to purchase 2,365,644 shares at $2.25 per share remained outstanding. See Note 14 “Subsequent Events”.
In July 2009, the Company completed a $10.0 million registered direct offering of its common stock to the Federated Kaufmann Funds. Under the terms of the Common Stock Purchase Agreement for the offering, the Company sold an aggregate of 2,754,821 shares of its common stock for a purchase price of $3.63 per share. Net proceeds from the offering, after deducting related expenses, totaled $9.9 million. All of the shares of common stock were offered pursuant to an effective shelf registration statement.
In May 2009, the Company completed a $20.0 million registered direct offering of its securities to three institutional investors. Under the terms of the Securities Purchase Agreements for the offering, the Company sold an aggregate of 8,666,667 shares of its common stock and warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 4,333,333 additional shares of its common stock. Each unit, consisting of one share of common stock and a warrant to purchase approximately one-half of a share of common stock, was sold for a purchase price of $2.3125. Net proceeds from the offering, after deducting related expenses, totaled $18.9 million. The warrants to purchase additional shares became exercisable six months after issuance at $2.25 per share and expire 90 days from the date they are first exercisable. The estimated fair value of the warrants is included in additional paid in capital. All of the securities were offered pursuant to an effective shelf registration statement.
In June 2008, the Company received approximately $4.0 million in proceeds from the sale of approximately 1.1 million shares of its common stock at $3.56 per share in a private placement to AnGes. In June 2006, the Company received approximately $6.9 million in proceeds from the sale of approximately 1.1 million shares of its common stock at $6.50 per share in a private placement to AnGes. Both of the equity issuances to AnGes were pursuant to a research and development agreement and a stock purchase agreement as described in Note 5.
10. Stock Based Compensation
On December 31, 2009, the Company had two stock-based compensation plans, which are described below. Total stock-based compensation expense of $1.4 million, $1.6 million and $2.0 million was recognized for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
 
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NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
 
Total stock-based compensation expense was allocated to research and development, manufacturing and production and general and administrative expense as follows (in thousands):

 	  	Year ended December 31,	
 	  	2009	  	2008	  	2007	
Research and development	  	$	379	  	$	562	  	$	729	
Manufacturing and production	  	 	154	  	 	188	  	 	250	
General and administrative	  	 	852	  	 	892	  	 	995	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Total stock-based compensation expense	  	$	1,385	  	$	1,642	  	$	1,974	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Cash received from options exercised	  	$	6	  	$	39	  	$	54	
	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
Stock Plan and Directors’ Stock Option Plan
The Company has a stock incentive plan, under which 7,700,000 shares of common stock, subject to adjustment as provided in the plan, are reserved for issuance to employees, non-employee directors and consultants of the Company. The plan provides for the grant of incentive and nonstatutory stock options and the direct award or sale of shares, including restricted stock. The exercise price of stock options must equal at least the fair market value of the underlying common stock on the date of grant. The maximum term of options granted under the plan is ten years. Except for annual grants to non-employee directors which vest at the next annual meeting, options generally vest 25% on the first anniversary of the date of grant, with the balance vesting quarterly over the remaining three years. The plan also limits the number of options that may be granted to any plan participant in a single calendar year to 300,000 shares.
The Company has granted RSUs to executive officers, other executives, and employees under the stock incentive plan. In 2009, 2008, and 2007 the Company granted RSUs covering an aggregate of 330,000, 76,050, and 83,125 shares of common stock, respectively. These RSUs vest 25% on the first anniversary date of the grant, with the remaining rights vesting quarterly over the remaining three years and, once vested, allow the participants to acquire the underlying shares of common stock at par value. The participants are not entitled to sell or transfer any unvested RSUs and are not entitled to vote or receive dividends on any shares of common stock covered by the RSUs prior to the acquisition of such shares. Granted but unvested RSUs are forfeited at termination of employment. Compensation expense related to the RSUs for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008, and 2007 was approximately $494,000, $491,000 and $458,000, respectively.
 
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VICAL INCORPORATED
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
 
The following table summarizes stock option transactions under the Company’s stock incentive plans for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007:

 	  	Shares	 	 	Weighted Average
Exercise Price	
Outstanding December 31, 2006	  	3,230,864	  	 	$	8.64	
Granted	  	590,475	  	 	$	6.21	
Exercised	  	(14,828	) 	 	$	3.59	
Forfeited	  	(231,112	) 	 	$	11.70	
	  	 	 	 			
Outstanding December 31, 2007	  	3,575,399	  	 	$	8.06	
			
Granted	  	511,119	  	 	$	4.01	
Exercised	  	(12,500	) 	 	$	3.11	
Forfeited	  	(316,298	) 	 	$	9.56	
	  	 	 	 			
Outstanding December 31, 2008	  	3,757,720	  	 	$	7.40	
			
Granted	  	1,276,051	  	 	$	1.88	
Exercised	  	(1,677	) 	 	$	3.72	
Forfeited	  	(731,742	) 	 	$	7.97	
	  	 	 	 			
Outstanding December 31, 2009	  	4,300,352	  	 	$	5.67	
	  	 	 	 			
Vested and unvested options expected to vest as of December 31, 2009	  	4,120,305	  	 	$	5.81	
The number of underlying shares and weighted average exercise price of options exercisable at December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, were 2,756,826 shares at $7.40, 2,902,864 shares at $8.14, and 2,616,959 shares at $8.89, respectively. The weighted average remaining contractual term of options outstanding and options exercisable at December 31, 2009, was 5.8 years and 4.2 years, respectively. The weighted average remaining contractual term of vested and unvested options expected to vest at December 31, 2009, was 5.7 years. The aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding and options exercisable at December 31, 2009, was $1.8 million and $0.1 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2009, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested options was $0.8 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.38 years.
The weighted average grant-date fair value of options granted during the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, was $0.87, $1.84 and $3.11 per share, respectively. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, was $2,000, $4,000 and $39,000, respectively. At December 31, 2009, there were 1,622,600 shares available for grant under the Company’s stock incentive plans.
A summary of the outstanding RSUs as of December 31, 2009, and changes during the year then ended is presented below:

 	  	Shares	 	 	Weighted Average
Grant-Date Fair
Value per Share	
Unvested at December 31, 2008	  	136,728	  	 	$	5.12	
Granted	  	330,000	  	 	$	1.83	
Vested	  	(66,932	) 	 	$	5.06	
Cancelled	  	(25,749	) 	 	$	3.20	
	  	 	 	 			
Unvested at December 31, 2008	  	374,047	  	 	$	2.36	

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NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
 
The aggregate grant-date fair value of RSUs granted during the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, was $0.6 million, $0.3 million and $0.6 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2009, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested RSUs was $0.3 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.34 years. The aggregate grant-date fair value of shares subject to RSUs vested during the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, was $0.3 million, $0.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2009, there were 117,022 shares of common stock underlying RSUs that were fully vested but the issuance of such shares has been deferred.
11. Income Taxes
Under guidance issued by the FASB in 2006, the impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon audit by the relevant taxing authority. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. There were no unrecognized tax benefits as of the date of adoption in 2007. As a result of the implementation, the Company did not recognize an increase in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits. There are no unrecognized tax benefits included in the balance sheet that would, if recognized, affect the effective tax rate.
At December 31, 2009, the Company had net deferred tax assets of $7.2 million. Due to uncertainties surrounding the Company’s ability to generate future taxable income to realize these assets, a full valuation has been established to offset the net deferred tax asset. Additionally, the future utilization of the Company’s net operating loss and research and development credit carryforwards to offset future taxable income may be subject to an annual limitation, pursuant to Internal Revenue Code Sections 382 and 383, as a result of ownership changes that may have occurred previously or that could occur in the future. The Company has not completed its analysis to determine if an ownership change has occurred and what, if any, impact the ownership change would have on the Company’s ability to utilize its net operating losses. The Company has decided to wait until the ownership change analysis is complete and then update its Section 382 analysis regarding the limitation of the net operating loss and research and development credit carryforwards. Until this analysis has been completed the Company has removed the deferred tax assets for net operating losses of $98.3 million and tax credits of $23.2 million generated through 2009 from its deferred tax asset schedule and has recorded a corresponding decrease to its valuation allowance. When this analysis is finalized, the Company plans to update its unrecognized tax benefits. Due to the existence of the valuation allowance, future changes in the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits will not impact the Company’s effective tax rate.
The Company’s practice is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters as income tax expense. The Company had no accrual for interest or penalties on its balance sheets at December 31, 2009 and 2008, and has not recognized interest and/or penalties in its statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2009.
The Company is subject to taxation in the United States and California. The Company’s tax years for 1992 and forward are subject to examination by the United States and California tax authorities due to the carryforward of unutilized net operating losses and R&D credits.
 
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NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
 
Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2009 and 2008 are listed below. A valuation allowance of $7.2 million and $11.2 million at December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively, has been recognized to offset the net deferred tax assets as realization of such assets is uncertain. Amounts for the years ended December 31 (in thousands):

Deferred Tax Assets	  	2009	 	 	2008	 	
Capital loss carryover	  	$	45	  	 	$	1,443	  	
Depreciation and amortization	  	 	4,449	  	 	 	7,253	  	
Other	  	 	2,379	  	 	 	2,185	  	
Accruals and reserves	  	 	375	  	 	 	361	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total deferred tax assets	  	 	7,248	  	 	 	11,242	  	
Less valuation allowance	  	 	(7,248	) 	 	 	(11,242	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net deferred tax assets (1)	  	$	—  	  	 	$	—  	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The differences between the provision for income taxes and income taxes computed using the U.S. federal statutory corporate tax rate were as follows for the years ended December 31 (in thousands):

 	  	2009	 	 	2008	 	 	2007	 	
Computed “expected” tax benefit	  	$	(9,709	) 	 	$	(12,545	) 	 	$	(12,204	) 	
State income taxes, net of federal benefit	  	 	(1,687	) 	 	 	(2,443	) 	 	 	(2,253	) 	
Tax effect of:	  				 				 				
Change in valuation allowance (1)	  	 	9,887	  	 	 	14,869	  	 	 	14,939	  	
Expiration of prior years credits and net operating losses	  	 	3,095	  	 	 	907	  	 	 	108	  	
Research and development and other tax credits carryovers	  	 	(1,791	) 	 	 	(1,117	) 	 	 	(1,055	) 	
Other	  	 	205	  	 	 	329	  	 	 	465	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Provision for income taxes	  	$	—  	  	 	$	—  	  	 	$	—  	  	

(1)	The removal of the valuation allowance related to the net operating loss carryforwards and tax credits are not included in the increase in the valuation allowance. See above explanation.	
As of December 31, 2009 and 2008, the Company had available federal net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $258.3 million and $239.2 million, respectively. In addition, the Company had federal research and development credit and orphan drug credit carryforwards of $18.4 million and $16.1 million as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively, to reduce future federal income taxes, if any. These carryforwards expire from 2010 through 2029 and are subject to review and possible adjustment by the Internal Revenue Service. As of December 31, 2009, the Company also has available California state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $184.0 million and $105.0 million as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively, which expire from 2011 to 2019. In addition, the Company had California research and development credits and manufacturers’ investment credits of approximately $7.1 million and $6.7 million as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively, to reduce future California income tax, if any. The manufacturers’ investment credits expire from 2010 through 2014. The California research and development credits do not expire.
The Company generated windfall tax benefits from the settlement of certain stock awards. The tax benefit will be recorded as a credit to additional paid-in capital in the year the deduction reduces income taxes payable. The net operating loss carryforwards related to these windfall tax benefits of approximately $0.6 million are included in net operating loss carryforwards disclosed above.
 
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NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
 
12. Employee Benefit Plan
The Company has a defined contribution savings plan under section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. The plan covers substantially all employees. The Company matches employee contributions made to the plan according to a specified formula. The Company’s matching contributions totaled approximately $0.2 million, $0.3 million and $0.3 million for each the years ending 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
13. Summary of Unaudited Quarterly Financial Information
The following is a summary of the Company’s unaudited quarterly results of operations for the years ended December 31 (in thousands, except per share amounts):

2009:	  	March 31,	 	 	June 30,	 	 	Sept. 30,	 	 	Dec. 31,	 	
Total revenues	  	$	2,250	  	 	$	3,978	  	 	$	3,903	  	 	$	2,555	  	
Total operating expenses	  	 	10,566	  	 	 	9,785	  	 	 	10,952	  	 	 	9,969	  	
Net loss	  	 	(8,244	) 	 	 	(6,020	) 	 	 	(6,985	) 	 	 	(7,309	) 	
Basic and diluted net loss per share (1)	  	 	(0.20	) 	 	 	(0.14	) 	 	 	(0.14	) 	 	 	(0.14	) 	
					
2008:	  	March 31,	 	 	June 30,	 	 	Sept. 30,	 	 	Dec. 31,	 	
Total revenues	  	$	1,940	  	 	$	2,547	  	 	$	844	  	 	$	2,625	  	
Total operating expenses	  	 	12,035	  	 	 	11,431	  	 	 	11,029	  	 	 	10,804	  	
Net loss	  	 	(9,565	) 	 	 	(8,482	) 	 	 	(9,825	) 	 	 	(9,024	) 	
Basic and diluted net loss per share (1)	  	 	(0.24	) 	 	 	(0.21	) 	 	 	(0.24	) 	 	 	(0.22	) 	

(1)	Net loss per share is computed independently for each quarter and the full year based upon respective shares outstanding. Therefore, the sum of the quarterly loss per share amounts may not equal the annual amounts reported.	
14. Subsequent Events
In January 2010, the Company entered into an equity line of credit arrangement with Azimuth Opportunity Ltd., or Azimuth, pursuant to a Common Stock Purchase Agreement, or Purchase Agreement, which provides that, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth therein, Azimuth is committed to purchase up to $25 million worth of shares of the Company’s common stock over the 24-month term of the Purchase Agreement. From time to time over the term of the Purchase Agreement, the Company may, at its sole discretion and upon presentation of a draw down notice, require Azimuth to purchase its common stock over ten consecutive trading days or such other period mutually agreed upon by the Company and Azimuth. Each draw down is subject to limitations based on the price of the Company’s common stock and a limit of 2.5% of the Company’s market capitalization at the time of the draw down. The per share purchase price for these shares equals the daily volume weighted average price of the Company’s common stock on each date during the Azimuth draw down period on which shares are purchased, less a discount ranging from 4.00% to 6.25%, based on a minimum price of $1.50 as specified in the Purchase Agreement. Upon each sale of the Company’s common stock to Azimuth, the Company has agreed to pay Reedland Capital Partners a placement fee equal to 1% of the aggregate dollar amount of common stock purchased by Azimuth. The Company may present Azimuth with up to 24 draw down notices during the term of the Purchase Agreement with only one such draw down notice allowed per draw down period and a minimum of five trading days required between each draw down period. As of February 25, 2010, no shares had been sold under the Purchase Agreement.
After December 31, 2009, certain of the Company’s investors exercised warrants to purchase 2,365,644 shares of common stock that were issued in connection with the Company’s May 2009 registered direct offering. The Company received net proceeds of $5.1 million as a result of these exercises.
 
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 ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
Not applicable.
 ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, as of December 31, 2009, the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Based on our evaluation under the framework in Internal Control—Integrated Framework , our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2009.
Ernst & Young LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited the financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, has issued an attestation report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009. This report, which expresses an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009, is included herein.
Changes in Internal Controls
There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended December 31, 2009, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
 
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholders of Vical Incorporated
We have audited Vical Incorporated’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria). Vical Incorporated’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, Vical Incorporated maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009, based on the COSO criteria .
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the balance sheets as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, and the related statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2009 of Vical Incorporated and our report dated February 25, 2010 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
/s/    Ernst & Young LLP
San Diego, California
February 25, 2010
 ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Not applicable.
 
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PART III
 ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The information required by this item and not included in Part I, Item 1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K is incorporated by reference from our Proxy Statement for our 2010 Annual Meeting of  Stockholders, or our Proxy Statement.
 ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from our Proxy Statement.
 ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from our Proxy Statement.
 ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from our Proxy Statement.
 ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from our Proxy Statement.
 
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PART IV
 ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a)(1) Financial Statements
The following independent auditors’ reports and financial  statements are filed as part of this Annual Report:
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2009 and 2008
Statements of Operations for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2009
Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2009
Statements of Cash Flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2009
Notes to Financial Statements
(2) Financial Statement Schedules
The schedules required to be filed by this item have been omitted because of the absence of conditions under which they are required, or because the required information is included in the financial statements or the notes thereto.
(3) Exhibits
See the list in paragraph (b) below. Each management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement required to be identified by this item is so designated in such list.
(b) Exhibits

Exhibit
Number	  	Description of Document	
  3.1(i)(7)	  	Restated Certificate of Incorporation.	
		
  3.1(ii)(7)	  	Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company.	
		
  3.2(i)(16)	  	Certificate of Amendment to Restated Certificate of Incorporation.	
		
  4.1(7)	  	Specimen Common Stock Certificate.	
		
  4.2(23)	  	Form of Warrant issued to certain investors on May 27, 2009.	
		
10.1(2) a	  	Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan of Vical Incorporated.	
		
10.2(3) a	  	1992 Directors’ Stock Option Plan of Vical Incorporated.	
		
10.3(11) a	  	Form of Indemnity Agreement between the Company and its directors and officers.	
		
10.9(4) b	  	Research Collaboration and License Agreement dated May 31, 1991, between the Company and Merck & Co., Inc.	
		
10.12(1) b	  	License Agreement dated January 1, 1991, between the Company and Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation.	
		
10.14(1) b	  	License Agreement dated October 23, 1992, between the Company and the Regents of University of Michigan.	
 
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Exhibit
Number	  	Description of Document	
10.16(5)	  	Research, Option and License Agreement dated September 29, 1994, between the Company and Pasteur Mérieux Sérums & Vaccins (subsequently Sanofi Pasteur).	
		
10.17(6)	  	Amendment dated April 27, 1994, to Research Collaboration and License Agreement dated May 31, 1991, between the Company and Merck & Co., Inc.	
		
10.19(13) b	  	Amendment dated November 3, 1997, to Research Collaboration and License Agreement dated May 31, 1991, between the Company and Merck & Co., Inc.	
		
10.23(9) a	  	Restated employment letter dated January 9, 2009, between the Company and Vijay B. Samant.	
		
10.26(10) b	  	Amendment No. 4 dated December 7, 2001, to Research, Option and License Agreement between the Company and Sanofi Pasteur (formerly Pasteur Mérieux Sérums & Vaccins).	
		
10.27(10)	  	Lease dated January 30, 2002, between the Company and Kilroy Realty, L.P. a Delaware Limited Partnership.	
		
10.29(17) a	  	Restated employment letter dated January 9, 2009, between the Company and Alain Rolland.	
		
10.30(11) b	  	Amendment No. 5 dated September 23, 2002, to Research, Option and License Agreement between the Company and Sanofi Pasteur (formerly Pasteur Mérieux Sérums & Vaccins).	
		
10.32(12) b	  	Fourth Amendment dated August 20, 2003, to Research Collaboration and License Agreement dated May 31, 1991, between the Company and Merck & Co., Inc.	
		
10.36(13) b	  	Amendment dated May 20, 2004, to License Agreement dated January 1, 1991, between the Company and the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation.	
		
10.41(14) b	  	License Agreement dated May 24, 2005, between the Company and AnGes MG, Inc.	
		
10.42 a	  	Vical Incorporated Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy.	
		
10.45(21) a	  	Restated employment letter dated January 9, 2009, by and between Vical Incorporated and Jill M. Broadfoot.	
		
10.46(15) b	  	Fifth Amendment dated September 8, 2005, to Research Collaboration and License Agreement dated May 31, 1991, by and between Vical Incorporated and Merck & Co., Inc.	
		
10.47(18) b	  	Amendment dated February 20, 2006, to License Agreement dated May 24, 2005, between the Company and AnGes MG, Inc.	
		
10.50(19) b	  	Research and Development Agreement dated May 25, 2006, between the Company and AnGes MG, Inc.	
		
10.51(19) b	  	Stock Purchase Agreement dated May 25, 2006, between the Company and AnGes MG, Inc.	
		
10.54(8) b	  	First Amendment to Research and Development Agreement and Stock Purchase Agreement dated September 26, 2007, between the Company and AnGes MG, Inc.	
		
10.56(20) b	  	License Agreement dated December 7, 2001, between the Company and CytRx Corporation.	
		
10.57(22) b	  	License Agreement dated February 14, 2006, between the Company and the Regents of the University of Michigan.	
		
10.58 a	  	Form of Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Election Agreement, as amended, under the Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan (with deferral election).	
		
10.59 a	  	Form of Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Election Agreement, as amended, under the Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan.	
		
10.62(24)	  	Common Stock Purchase Agreement dated January 8, 2010 between Vical and Azimuth Opportunity Ltd.	
 
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Exhibit
Number	  	Description of Document	
23.1	  	Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.	
		
31.1	  	Certification of Vijay B. Samant, Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	
		
31.2	  	Certification of Jill M. Broadfoot, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	
		
32.1	  	Certification of Vijay B. Samant, Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	
		
32.2	  	Certification of Jill M. Broadfoot, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	

(1)	Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 33-56830) filed on January 7, 1993.	
(2)	Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 filed with the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2009.	
(3)	Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 filed with the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (No. 333-30181) filed on June 27, 1997.	
(4)	Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 1994 (No. 0-21088).	
(5)	Incorporated by reference to Exhibit A of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 1994.	
(6)	Incorporated by reference to Exhibit A of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 1994 (No. 0-21088).	
(7)	Incorporated by reference to the exhibit of the same number filed with the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (No. 33-95812) filed on August 15, 1995.	
(8)	Incorporated by reference to the exhibit of the same number to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2007.	
(9)	Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 15, 2009.	
(10)	Incorporated by reference to the exhibit of the same number to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001.	
(11)	Incorporated by reference to the exhibit of the same number to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002.	
(12)	Incorporated by reference to the exhibit of the same number to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2003.	
(13)	Incorporated by reference to the exhibit of the same number to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2004.	
(14)	Incorporated by reference to the exhibit of the same number to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2005.	
(15)	Incorporated by reference to Exhibits 10.3—10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 12, 2005.	
(16)	Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 filed with the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (No. 333-135398) filed on June 23, 2006.	
(17)	Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 15, 2009.	
(18)	Incorporated by reference to the exhibit of the same number to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2006.	
(19)	Incorporated by reference to the exhibit of the same number to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2006.	
 
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(20)	Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99 to CytRx Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 21, 2001.	
(21)	Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 15, 2009.	
(22)	Incorporated by reference to the exhibit of the same number to the Company’s Amendment No.1 on Form 10-K/A to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.	
(23)	Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 filed with the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 22, 2009	
(24)	Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 filed with the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 8, 2010.	
a	Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.	
b	Confidential treatment of certain portions of this agreement has been requested and/or received and such portions have been omitted and filed separately with the SEC pursuant to Rule 24b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.	
 
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 SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Date: February 25, 2010

VICAL INCORPORATED	
		
By:	 	/s/    V IJAY B. S AMANT        	
	 	Vijay B. Samant	
	 	President and Chief Executive Officer	
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

			
/ S /    V IJAY B. S AMANT      
Vijay B. Samant	  	President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)	 	February 25, 2010	
			
/s/    J ILL M. B ROADFOOT        
Jill M. Broadfoot	  	Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and Secretary (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)	 	February 25, 2010	
			
/ S /    R. G ORDON D OUGLAS , M.D.        
R. Gordon Douglas, M.D.	  	Chairman of the Board of Directors	 	February 25, 2010	
			
/ S /    R OBERT H. C AMPBELL        
Robert H. Campbell	  	Director	 	February 25, 2010	
			
/ S /    G ARY A. L YONS        
Gary A. Lyons	  	Director	 	February 25, 2010	
			
/ S /    R OBERT C. M ERTON , P H .D.        
Robert C. Merton, Ph.D.	  	Director	 	February 25, 2010	
 
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Exhibit 10.42
Vical Incorporated
Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy
Director Fees
The Chairman of our Board of Directors receives an annual fee of $25,000. Each of our other non-employee directors receives an annual fee of $20,000. Each non-employee director, including the Chairman of the Board, also receives $1,500 for each meeting of the Board of Directors attended by such director.
Non-employee directors also receive fees for participation on committees of the Board of Directors. The Chairman of our Audit Committee receives an annual fee of $10,000 and each other member of the Audit Committee receives an annual fee of $5,000. The Chairman of our Compensation Committee receives an annual fee of $5,000 and each other member of the Compensation Committee receives an annual fee of $2,500. The Chairman of our Nominating/Governance Committee receives an annual fee of $5,000 and each other member of the Nominating/Governance Committee receives an annual fee of $2,500.
Non-employee directors are also reimbursed for their expenses for each Board or committee meeting attended. To the extent that any taxable reimbursements are provided, they shall be made or provided in accordance with Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code and the Treasury Regulations and other guidance thereunder and any state law of similar effect, including, but not limited to, the following provisions: (a) the amount of any such expense reimbursement provided during the individual’s taxable year shall not affect any expenses eligible for reimbursement in any other taxable year, (b) the reimbursement of the eligible expense shall be made no later than the last day of the individual’s taxable year that immediately follows the taxable year in which the expense was incurred, (c) the right to any reimbursement shall not be subject to liquidation or exchange for another benefit or payment.
All fees (except for expenses, which are reimbursed as provided above) are paid in December of the year during which services were rendered, but in no event will any fees be paid later than March 15th of the year following the year in which the fees were earned.
Director Equity Awards
Under our Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan, each of our new non-employee directors, on the date of his or her election to the Board of Directors, receives (a) an option to purchase 60,000 shares of our common stock at its fair market value on the date of grant and (b) a restricted stock unit (“RSU”) covering 20,000 shares of our common stock. The shares subject to these options and RSUs generally vest 25% on the first anniversary of the date of grant, with the remaining shares vesting quarterly over the next three years.
Each non-employee director who has served on our Board of Directors for at least six months on the date of each regular Annual Meeting of Stockholders also receives an annual grant of (a) an option to purchase 37,500 shares of our common stock and (b) a RSU covering 12,500 shares of our common stock. These options and RSUs vest in full on the date of the regular Annual Meeting of Stockholders for the year following the year in which the option and RSU were granted. No more than an aggregate of 30% of the shares available under our Stock Incentive Plan are available for grant to non-employee directors. Our Board of Directors may provide discretionary grants under the Stock Incentive Plan to our non-employee directors.
The Chairman of our Board of Directors receives an annual grant of (a) an option to purchase 60,000 shares of our common stock under the Stock Incentive Plan (in lieu of the annual grant of an option to purchase 37,500 shares which he would otherwise receive as a non-employee director) and (b) a RSU covering 20,000 shares of our common stock (in lieu of the annual grant of a RSU to purchase 12,500 shares which he would otherwise receive as a non-employee director). The option and RSU granted to the Chairman also vest in full on the date of the regular Annual Meeting of Stockholders for the year following the year in which the option and RSU were granted.
At the time an RSU is granted the non-employee director may make an irrevocable election to defer the release of the common stock underlying the RSU to a future date which is after its vesting date. The par value of $0.01 per share of the underlying shares of an RSU grant is paid by the non-employee director on the date of grant.

Exhibit 10.58
V ICAL I NCORPORATED
D ELAYED I SSUANCE S TOCK P URCHASE G RANT N OTICE
(A MENDED AND R ESTATED S TOCK I NCENTIVE P LAN )
Vical Incorporated (the “Company” ), pursuant to its Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan (the “Plan” ), hereby awards to Employee a right to purchase the number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock set forth below (the “Award” ). The Award is subject to all of the terms and conditions as set forth herein and in the Plan, the Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Award Agreement” ) and the Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Deferral Election Agreement (the “Election Agreement” ), all of which are attached hereto and incorporated herein in their entirety. Capitalized terms not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings set forth in the Plan or the Award Agreement. In the event of any conflict between the terms in the Award and the Plan, the terms of the Plan shall control.

Employee:	 	 	  		
Date of Grant:	 	 	  		
Number of Shares Subject to Award:	 	 	  		
Purchase Price per Share:	 	$0.01	  		
Total Purchase Price:	 	 	  		

Vesting Schedule:	 	25% of the Shares subject to the Award vest on the first anniversary following the Date of Grant and 1/16 th of the Shares shall vest at the end of each three-month period following such date. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Employee does not elect to defer receipt of any of the Shares subject to this Award, then the vesting schedule of this Award shall be automatically amended to provide that 25% of the Shares subject to this Award shall vest on the first anniversary following the Date of Grant and 1/16 th of the Shares shall vest at the end of each three-month period following such first anniversary; provided in each case that the Employee’s Service has not terminated prior to that date. In addition, the vesting of the Shares shall accelerate upon the occurrence of the events set forth in Section 2(b) of the Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Agreement.	
		
Issuance Schedule:	 	The Shares will be issued in accordance with the issuance schedule set forth in Section 6 of the Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Agreement.	
Additional Terms/Acknowledgements: The undersigned Employee acknowledges receipt of, and understands and agrees to, this Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Grant Notice, the Award Agreement, the Election Agreement and the Plan. Employee further acknowledges that as of the Date of Grant, this Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Grant Notice, the Award Agreement, the Election Agreement and the Plan set forth the entire understanding between Employee and the Company regarding the Award and supersedes all prior oral and written agreements on that subject.

V ICAL I NCORPORATED	 		 	E MPLOYEE :	
				
By:	 	 	 		 	 	
	 	Signature	 		 	Signature	
					
Title:	 	 	 		 	Date:	 	 	
					
Date:	 	 	 		 		 		

A TTACHMENTS :	 	Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Agreement, Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Deferral Election Agreement and Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan	
 
1

A TTACHMENT 1
V ICAL I NCORPORATED
A MENDED AND R ESTATED S TOCK I NCENTIVE P LAN
D ELAYED I SSUANCE S TOCK P URCHASE A GREEMENT
Pursuant to the Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Grant Notice (“ Grant Notice ”) and this Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Agreement and in consideration of your services, Vical Incorporated (the “ Company ”) has awarded you a Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Award (the “ Award ”) under its Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan (the “ Plan ”). Your Award is granted to you effective as of the Date of Grant set forth in the Grant Notice for this Award. This Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Agreement shall be deemed to be agreed to by the Company and you upon the signing by you of the Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Grant Notice to which it is attached. Capitalized terms not explicitly defined in this Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Agreement shall have the same meanings given to them in the Plan. In the event of any conflict between the terms in this Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Agreement and the Plan, the terms of the Plan shall control. The details of your Award, in addition to those set forth in the Grant Notice and the Plan, are as follows.
1. G RANT OF THE A WARD AND P URCHASE P RICE . This Award represents the right to be issued on a future date the number of Shares as indicated in the Grant Notice. As of the Date of Grant, the Company will credit to a bookkeeping account maintained by the Company for your benefit (the “ Account ”) the number of Shares subject to the Award. The Purchase Price for each Share shall be $0.01.
2. V ESTING .
(a) In General. Subject to the limitations contained herein, your Award will vest, if at all, in accordance with the vesting schedule provided in the Grant Notice, provided that vesting will cease upon the termination of your Service. Upon such termination of your Service, the Shares credited to the Account that were not vested on the date of such termination will be forfeited at no cost to the Company and you will have no further right, title or interest in or to such underlying Shares.
(b) Vesting Acceleration. Notwithstanding the foregoing, upon a Change of Control during your Service, then your Award will immediately vest in full.
3. N UMBER OF S HARES .
(a) The number of Shares subject to your Award may be adjusted from time to time for capitalization adjustments, as provided in Section 9 of the Plan.
(b) Any Shares, cash or other property that becomes subject to the Award pursuant to this Section 3 and Section 7, if any, shall be subject, in a manner determined by the Board of Directors, to the same forfeiture restrictions, restrictions on transferability, and time and manner of delivery as applicable to the other Shares covered by your Award.
 
1.

(c) Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 3, no fractional Shares or rights for fractional Shares shall be created pursuant to this Section 3. The Board of Directors shall, in its discretion, determine an equivalent benefit for any fractional Shares or fractional Shares that might be created by the adjustments referred to in this Section 3.
4. S ECURITIES L AW C OMPLIANCE . You may not be issued any Shares under your Award unless either (i) the Shares are registered under the Securities Act; or (ii) the Company has determined that such issuance would be exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Your Award also must comply with other applicable laws and regulations governing the Award, and you will not receive such Shares if the Company determines that such receipt would not be in material compliance with such laws and regulations.
5. L IMITATIONS ON T RANSFER . Your Award is not transferable, except by will or by the laws of descent and distribution. In addition to any other limitation on transfer created by applicable securities laws, you agree not to assign, hypothecate, donate, encumber or otherwise dispose of any interest in any of the Shares subject to the Award until the Shares are issued to you in accordance with Section 6 of this Agreement. After the Shares have been issued to you, you are free to assign, hypothecate, donate, encumber or otherwise dispose of any interest in such Shares provided that any such actions are in compliance with the provisions herein and applicable securities laws. Notwithstanding the foregoing, by delivering written notice to the Company, in a form satisfactory to the Company, you may designate a third party who, in the event of your death, shall thereafter be entitled to receive any distribution of Shares to which you were entitled at the time of your death pursuant to this Agreement.
6. D ATE OF I SSUANCE .
(a) The Company will deliver to you a number of Shares equal to the number of vested Shares subject to your Award, including any additional Shares received pursuant to Section 3 above that relate to those vested Shares on the applicable vesting date(s). However, if a scheduled delivery date falls on a date that is not a business day, such delivery date shall instead fall on the next following business day.
(b) Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that (i) you are subject to the Company’s policy permitting officers and directors to sell Shares only during certain “window” periods, in effect from time to time or you are otherwise prohibited from selling Shares in the public market and any Shares covered by your Award are scheduled to be delivered on a day (the “ Original Distribution Date ”) that does not occur during an open “window period” applicable to you, as determined by the Company in accordance with such policy, or does not occur on a date when you are otherwise permitted to sell Shares on the open market, and (ii) the Company elects not to satisfy its tax withholding obligations by withholding Shares from your distribution, then such Shares shall not be delivered on such Original Distribution Date and shall instead be delivered on the first business day of the next occurring open “window period” applicable to you pursuant to such policy (regardless of whether you are still providing continuous services at such time) or the next business day when you are not prohibited from selling Shares in the open market, but in no event later than the fifteenth (15th) day of the third calendar month of the calendar year following the calendar year in which the Original Distribution Date occurs. The form of such delivery ( e.g. , a stock certificate or electronic entry evidencing such Shares) shall be determined by the Company.
 
2.

(c) Notwithstanding the foregoing, the following provisions shall apply if you elect to defer delivery of the Shares subject to your Award beyond the vesting date in accordance with this Section:
(i) With respect to Shares subject to the Award that vest no sooner than 13 months following the Date of Grant specified in your Grant Notice and if, within the 30-day period following the Date of Grant indicated on your Grant Notice, you elect to defer delivery of such Shares beyond the vesting date, then the Company will not deliver such Shares on the vesting date or dates provided in your Grant Notice, but will instead deliver such Shares to you on the date or dates that you so elect (the “ Settlement Date ”); provided, however, that in the event of your “separation from service” (as such term is defined in section 409A(a)(2)(A)(i) of the Code and applicable guidance thereunder (“ Separation From Service ”) prior to the Settlement Date, such vested Shares shall instead be delivered to you on the date of your Separation From Service. If such deferral election is made, the Committee shall, in its sole discretion, establish the rules and procedures for such election which shall be evidenced by a Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Deferral Election Agreement.
(ii) If at the time the Shares would otherwise be issued to you as a result of your Separation From Service, you are subject to the distribution limitations contained in section 409A of the Code applicable to “specified employees” as defined in section 409A(a)(2)(B)(i) of the Code and applicable guidance thereunder, Share issuances to you as a result of your Separation From Service shall not be made before the date which is six (6) months following the date of your Separation From Service, or, if earlier, the date of your death that occurs within such six (6) month period.
(iii) If the Company determines that you are subject to its policy regarding insider trading of the Company’s stock or you are otherwise prohibited from selling Shares of the Company’s stock in the public market and any Shares subject to your Award are scheduled to be delivered on a Settlement Date that does not occur during an open “window period” applicable to you, as determined by the Company in accordance with such policy, or a day when you are prohibited from selling Shares in the public market  and the Company elects not to satisfy its tax withholding obligations by withholding Shares from your distribution, then such Shares shall not be delivered on such Settlement Date and shall instead be delivered as soon as practicable on the first business day within the next open “window period” applicable to you pursuant to such policy or the next day when you are not prohibited from selling Shares in the public market (regardless of whether you are still providing continuous services at such time); provided, however, that unless the delay until the next open window period or the next day when you are not prohibited from selling Shares in the public market would not result in the imposition of any additional taxes under the Code (including section 409A of the Code), the delivery of the Shares shall not be delayed pursuant to this provision beyond sixty (60) days following the selected Settlement Date. The form of such delivery ( e.g. , a stock certificate or electronic entry evidencing such Shares) shall be determined by the Company.
(iv) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in the Plan, in the event of a Change in Control that is not a 409A Change of Control, then the surviving or acquiring corporation (or its parent company) (the “Acquiring Entity” ) must either assume, continue or substitute your Award, and Shares subject to your Award that vest, if any, shall be
 
3.

issued to you by the Acquiring Entity in accordance with the terms of this Agreement and your deferral election. For such purposes, a “409A Change in Control” is a change in the ownership or effective control of the Company, or in the ownership of a substantial portion of the Company’s assets, as provided in Internal Revenue Code Section 409A(a)(2)(A)(v) and applicable guidance thereunder.
(v) In the event that you have a Separation From Service that is not a termination of your Service, then any unvested Shares subject to your Award that vest following your Separation From Service will be issued to you in accordance with the provisions of Section 6(a) and 6(b).
7. D IVIDENDS . You shall be entitled to receive payments equal to any cash dividends and other distributions paid with respect to a corresponding number of Shares covered by your Award, provided that if any such dividends or distributions are paid in Shares, the Fair Market Value of such Shares shall be converted into additional Shares covered by the Award, and further provided that such additional Shares shall be subject to the same forfeiture restrictions and restrictions on transferability as apply to the Shares subject to the Award with respect to which they relate.
8. R ESTRICTIVE L EGENDS . The Shares issued under your Award shall be endorsed with appropriate legends determined by the Company.
9. A WARD NOT A S ERVICE C ONTRACT .
(a) Your Service with the Company or an Affiliate is not for any specified term and may be terminated by you or by the Company or an Affiliate at any time, for any reason, with or without cause and with or without notice. Nothing in this Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Agreement (including, but not limited to, the vesting of your Award pursuant to the schedule set forth in Section 2 herein or the issuance of the Shares subject to your Award), the Plan or any covenant of good faith and fair dealing that may be found implicit in this Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Agreement or the Plan shall: (i) confer upon you any right to continue in the employ of, or affiliation with, the Company or an affiliate; (ii) constitute any promise or commitment by the Company or an affiliate regarding the fact or nature of future positions, future work assignments, future compensation or any other term or condition of employment or affiliation; (iii) confer any right or benefit under this Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Agreement or the Plan unless such right or benefit has specifically accrued under the terms of this Agreement or Plan; or (iv) deprive the Company of the right to terminate you at will and without regard to any future vesting opportunity that you may have.
(b) By accepting this Award, you acknowledge and agree that the right to continue vesting in the Award pursuant to the schedule set forth in Section 2 is earned only by continuing as an employee, director or consultant at the will of the Company (not through the act of being hired, being granted this Award or any other award or benefit) and that the Company has the right to reorganize, sell, spin-out or otherwise restructure one or more of its businesses or Affiliates at any time or from time to time, as it deems appropriate (a “reorganization”). You further acknowledge and agree that such a reorganization could result in the termination of your Service, or the termination of Affiliate status of your employer and the loss of benefits available to you under this Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Agreement, including but not limited to, the termination of the right to continue vesting in the Award. You further acknowledge and agree
 
4.

that this Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Agreement, the Plan, the transactions contemplated hereunder and the vesting schedule set forth herein or any covenant of good faith and fair dealing that may be found implicit in any of them do not constitute an express or implied promise of continued engagement as an employee or consultant for the term of this Agreement, for any period, or at all, and shall not interfere in any way with your right or the Company’s right to terminate your Service at any time, with or without cause and with or without notice.
10. W ITHHOLDING O BLIGATIONS .
(a) On or before the time you receive a distribution of the Shares subject to your Award, or at any time thereafter as requested by the Company, you hereby authorize any required withholding from the Shares issuable to you and/or otherwise agree to make adequate provision in cash for any sums required to satisfy the federal, state, local and foreign tax withholding obligations of the Company or any Affiliate which arise in connection with your Award (the “ Withholding Taxes ”). Additionally, the Company may, in its sole discretion, satisfy all or any portion of the Withholding Taxes obligation relating to your Award by any of the following means or by a combination of such means: (i) withholding from any compensation otherwise payable to you by the Company; (ii) causing you to tender a cash payment; or (iii) withholding Shares from the Shares issued or otherwise issuable to you in connection with the Award with a Fair Market Value (measured as of the date Shares are issued to pursuant to Section 6) equal to the amount of such Withholding Taxes; provided, however, that the number of such Shares so withheld shall not exceed the amount necessary to satisfy the Company’s required tax withholding obligations using the minimum statutory withholding rates for federal, state, local and foreign tax purposes, including payroll taxes, that are applicable to supplemental taxable income.
(b) Unless the tax withholding obligations of the Company and/or any Affiliate are satisfied, the Company shall have no obligation to deliver to you any Shares.
(c) In the event the Company’s obligation to withhold arises prior to the delivery to you of Shares or it is determined after the delivery of Shares to you that the amount of the Company’s withholding obligation was greater than the amount withheld by the Company, you agree to indemnify and hold the Company harmless from any failure by the Company to withhold the proper amount.
11. U NSECURED O BLIGATION . Your Award is unfunded, and as a holder of a vested Award, you shall be considered an unsecured creditor of the Company with respect to the Company’s obligation, if any, to issue Shares pursuant to this Agreement. You shall not have voting or any other rights as a stockholder of the Company with respect to the Shares to be issued pursuant to this Agreement until such Shares are issued to you pursuant to Section 6 of this Agreement. Upon such issuance, you will obtain full voting and other rights as a stockholder of the Company. Nothing contained in this Agreement, and no action taken pursuant to its provisions, shall create or be construed to create a trust of any kind or a fiduciary relationship between you and the Company or any other person.
12. O THER D OCUMENTS . You hereby acknowledge receipt or the right to receive a document providing the information required by Rule 428(b)(1) promulgated under the Securities Act, which includes the Plan prospectus. In addition, you acknowledge receipt of the
 
5

Company’s policy permitting officers and directors to sell Shares only during certain “window” periods and the Company’s insider trading policy, in effect from time to time.
13. N OTICES . Any notices provided for in your Award or the Plan shall be given in writing and shall be deemed effectively given upon receipt or, in the case of notices delivered by the Company to you, five (5) days after deposit in the United States mail, postage prepaid, addressed to you at the last address you provided to the Company. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company may, in its sole discretion, decide to deliver any documents related to participation in the Plan and this Award by electronic means or to request your consent to participate in the Plan by electronic means. You hereby consents to receive such documents by electronic delivery and, if requested, to agree to participate in the Plan through an on-line or electronic system established and maintained by the Company or another third party designated by the Company.
14. M ISCELLANEOUS .
(a) The rights and obligations of the Company under your Award shall be transferable to any one or more persons or entities, and all covenants and agreements hereunder shall inure to the benefit of, and be enforceable by the Company’s successors and assigns. Your rights and obligations under your Award may only be assigned with the prior written consent of the Company.
(b) You agree upon request to execute any further documents or instruments necessary or desirable in the sole determination of the Company to carry out the purposes or intent of your Award.
(c) You acknowledge and agree that you have reviewed your Award in its entirety, have had an opportunity to obtain the advice of counsel prior to executing and accepting your Award, and fully understand all provisions of your Award.
(d) This Agreement shall be subject to all applicable laws, rules, and regulations, and to such approvals by any governmental agencies or national securities exchanges as may be required.
(e) All obligations of the Company under the Plan and this Agreement shall be binding on any successor to the Company, whether the existence of such successor is the result of a direct or indirect purchase, merger, consolidation, or otherwise, of all or substantially all of the business and/or assets of the Company.
15. G OVERNING P LAN D OCUMENT . Your Award is subject to all the provisions of the Plan, the provisions of which are hereby made a part of your Award, and is further subject to all interpretations, amendments, rules and regulations which may from time to time be promulgated and adopted pursuant to the Plan. Except as expressly provided herein, in the event of any conflict between the provisions of your Award and those of the Plan, the provisions of the Plan shall control.
16. S EVERABILITY . If all or any part of this Agreement or the Plan is declared by any court or governmental authority to be unlawful or invalid, such unlawfulness or invalidity shall not invalidate any portion of this Agreement or the Plan not declared to be unlawful or invalid.
 
6.

Any Section of this Agreement (or part of such a Section) so declared to be unlawful or invalid shall, if possible, be construed in a manner which will give effect to the terms of such Section or part of a Section to the fullest extent possible while remaining lawful and valid.
17. E FFECT ON O THER E MPLOYEE B ENEFIT P LANS . The value of the Award subject to this Agreement shall not be included as compensation, earnings, salaries, or other similar terms used when calculating the Employee’s benefits under any employee benefit plan sponsored by the Company or any Affiliate, except as such plan otherwise expressly provides. The Company expressly reserves its rights to amend, modify, or terminate any of the Company’s or any Affiliate’s employee benefit plans.
18. C HOICE OF L AW . The interpretation, performance and enforcement of this Agreement will be governed by the law of the state of California without regard to such state’s conflicts of laws rules.
19. A MENDMENT . This Agreement may not be modified, amended or terminated except by an instrument in writing, signed by you and by a duly authorized representative of the Company. Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Agreement may be amended solely by the Board of Directors by a writing which specifically states that it is amending this Agreement, so long as a copy of such amendment is delivered to you, and provided that no such amendment adversely affecting your rights hereunder may be made without your written consent. Without limiting the foregoing, the Board of Directors reserves the right to change, by written notice to you, the provisions of this Agreement in any way it may deem necessary or advisable to carry out the purpose of the grant as a result of any change in applicable laws or regulations or any future law, regulation, ruling, or judicial decision, provided that any such change shall be applicable only to rights relating to that portion of the Award which is then subject to restrictions as provided herein.
 
7.

Attachment II
V ICAL I NCORPORATED
D ELAYED I SSUANCE S TOCK P URCHASE D EFERRAL E LECTION A GREEMENT
Please complete this Election Agreement and return a signed copy to Jill Broadfoot, Chief Financial Officer of Vical Incorporated (the “Company” ) no later than the thirtieth (30 th ) day following the Date of Grant as indicated on your Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Grant Notice.
N OTE : T HIS E LECTION A GREEMENT MUST BE COMPLETED AND RETURNED BY F EBRUARY  10, 2010. I F THE FIRST VESTING DATE OCCURS NO SOONER THAN 13 MONTHS FOLLOWING THE D ATE OF G RANT AND IF , BY F EBRUARY  10, 2010, YOU ELECT TO DEFER DELIVERY OF SUCH S HARES BEYOND THE VESTING DATE , THEN THE C OMPANY WILL DELIVER THE S HARES TO YOU ON THE DATE OR DATES THAT YOU ELECT .
Defined terms not explicitly defined in this Election Agreement but defined in the Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan, your Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Agreement or your Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Grant Notice shall have the same definitions as in such documents.

Name:
 	  	SS #:

I NSTRUCTIONS
   In making this election, the following rules apply:
 
 	•	 	You may elect a Settlement Date that occurs after the date of vesting. The “Settlement Date” is the date as of which you will receive the vested shares associated with the Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Award that you elected to defer below. Unless you timely elect otherwise on this Election Agreement, the shares subject to your Award will be issued to you on the date or dates upon which they vest as indicated in your Grant Notice and Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Agreement.	
 
 	•	 	Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event of your separation from service (as such term is defined in Code Section 409A(a)(2)(A)(i) and applicable guidance thereunder (“ Separation From Service ”)) prior to the Settlement Date, then the vested shares subject to your Award shall instead be delivered to you on the date of your Separation From Service, or as soon as administratively practicable thereafter, subject to the terms of Section 6(b) of your Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Agreement.	
 
 	•	 	If no Settlement Date is elected, then the issuance of vested shares of Common Stock will occur upon the vesting date(s) indicated in your Grant Notice.	
 
 	•	 	Notwithstanding any provision in this Election Form or your Grant Notice, Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Agreement or the Plan to the contrary, the issuance of the vested shares of Common Stock shall be made in a manner that complies with the requirements of Code Section 409A, which may include, without limitation, deferring the payment of such benefit for six (6) months after your Separation From Service; provided, however, that nothing in this paragraph shall require the payment of benefits to you earlier than they would otherwise be payable under the Award.	
 
1.

D EFERRAL E LECTION
I hereby irrevocably elect to defer receipt of the shares associated with the Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Award granted to me on January 11, 2010 until the following date(s) and in the following increment(s).
I acknowledge that only vested shares will be issued to me and that the Settlement Date may only occur after vesting. I acknowledge that in the event of my Separation From Service prior to any Settlement Date that I elect, the vested shares shall instead be delivered to me on the date of my Separation From Service.
 
   (S ETTLEMENT D ATE ( S ) — C HECK BOXES THAT APPLY )
   I elect to have my vested Stock issued to me on the following dates, in the following amounts:

	 	A.       ¨	 	 	 		  	 	  		
	 		 	Number of shares	 		  	Month	  	Day	  	Year	  		
						
	 	B.       ¨	 	 	 		  	 	  		
	 		 	Number of shares	 		  	Month	  	Day	  	Year	  		
						
	 	C.       ¨	 	 	 		  	 	  		
	 		 	Number of shares	 		  	Month	  	Day	  	Year	  		
						
	 	D.       ¨	 	 	 		  	 	  		
	 		 	Number of shares	 		  	Month	  	Day	  	Year	  		
						
	 	E.       ¨	 	 	 		  	 	  		
	 		 	Number of shares	 		  	Month	  	Day	  	Year	  		
						
	 	F.       ¨	 	 	 		  	 	  		
	 		 	Number of shares	 		  	Month	  	Day	  	Year	  		
						
	 	G.       ¨	 	 	 		  	 	  		
	 		 	Number of shares	 		  	Month	  	Day	  	Year	  		
						
	 	H.       ¨	 	 	 		  	 	  		
	 		 	Number of shares	 		  	Month	  	Day	  	Year	  		
						
	 	I.       ¨	 	 	 		  	 	  		
	 		 	Number of shares	 		  	Month	  	Day	  	Year	  		
						
	 	J.       ¨	 	 	 		  	 	  		
	 		 	Number of shares	 		  	Month	  	Day	  	Year	  		
						
	 	K.       ¨	 	 	 		  	 	  		
	 		 	Number of shares	 		  	Month	  	Day	  	Year	  		
L.       ¨ Notwithstanding the election that I made in A-K above, I elect to have my vested Stock issued to me immediately upon a 409A Change of Control, in the event such date occurs prior to the date(s) selected above. For such purposes, a “ 409A Change of Control ” is a change in the ownership or effective control of the Company, or in the ownership of a substantial portion of the Company’s assets, as provided in Internal Revenue Code Section 409A(a)(2)(A)(v) and applicable guidance thereunder.
Manner of Transfer
All of the shares of Common Stock that you are entitled to receive on the Settlement Date specified in this Election Agreement will be transferred to you on or as soon as practicable after such Settlement Date, subject to Section 6 of the Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Agreement.
 
2.

Terms and Conditions
   By signing this form, you hereby acknowledge your understanding and acceptance of the following:
 
 	l.	Withholding . Unless the tax withholding obligations of the Company are satisfied in accordance with the terms of the Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Agreement, the Company shall have no obligation to issue to you any Common Stock subject to your Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Award, including but not limited to deferred shares that are subject to this Election Agreement.	
 
 	2.	Nonassignable . Your rights and interests under this Election Agreement may not be assigned, pledged, or transferred other than as provided in the Vical Incorporated Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan.	
 
 	3.	Termination of this Agreement . The Company reserves the right to terminate this Election Agreement at any time. In such case, any vested shares of Common Stock granted to you pursuant to the Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Agreement may be issued to you immediately, to the extent permitted by Section 409A of the Code and the regulations and other guidance promulgated thereunder.	
 
 	4.	Bookkeeping Account . The Company will establish a bookkeeping account to reflect the number of shares of Common Stock subject to your Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Award and the Fair Market Value of such deferred shares that are subject to this Election Agreement.	
 
 	5.	409A Change of Control Distribution . A distribution upon a 409A Change of Control shall only occur if such distribution complies with the distribution requirements of Code Section 409A and the regulations and other guidance promulgated thereunder.	
 
 	6.	Governing Law . This Agreement shall be construed and administered according to the laws of the State of California.	
By executing this Election Agreement, I hereby acknowledge my understanding of and agreement with all the terms and provisions set forth in this Election Agreement.

E MPLOYEE	 		 	VICAL INCORPORATED	
				
 	 		 	By:	 	 	
	 		 		 	Name:	 	 	
	 		 		 	Title:	 	 	
Date:	 	 	 		 	Date Received:                                                                                            	
 
3.

Exhibit 10.59
V ICAL I NCORPORATED
D ELAYED I SSUANCE S TOCK P URCHASE G RANT N OTICE
(A MENDED AND R ESTATED S TOCK I NCENTIVE P LAN )
Vical Incorporated (the “Company” ), pursuant to its Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan (the “Plan” ), hereby awards to Employee a right to purchase the number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock set forth below (the “Award” ). The Award is subject to all of the terms and conditions as set forth herein and in the Plan and the Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Award Agreement” ), both of which are attached hereto and incorporated herein in their entirety. Capitalized terms not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings set forth in the Plan or the Award Agreement. In the event of any conflict between the terms in the Award and the Plan, the terms of the Plan shall control.

Employee:	 	 	  		
Date of Grant:	 	 	  		
Number of Shares Subject to Award:	 	 	  		
Purchase Price per Share:	 	$0.01	  		
Total Purchase Price:	 	 	  		

Vesting Schedule:	 	25% of the Shares subject to this Award shall vest on the first anniversary following the Date of Grant and 1/16 th of the Shares shall vest at the end of each three-month period following such first anniversary; provided in each case that the Employee’s Service has not terminated prior to that date. In addition, the vesting of the Shares shall accelerate upon the occurrence of the events set forth in Section 2(b) of the Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Agreement.	
		
Issuance Schedule:	 	The Shares will be issued in accordance with the issuance schedule set forth in Section 6 of the Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Agreement.	
Additional Terms/Acknowledgements: The undersigned Employee acknowledges receipt of, and understands and agrees to, this Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Grant Notice, the Award Agreement and the Plan. Employee further acknowledges that as of the Date of Grant, this Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Grant Notice, the Award Agreement and the Plan set forth the entire understanding between Employee and the Company regarding the Award and supersedes all prior oral and written agreements on that subject.

V ICAL I NCORPORATED	 		 	E MPLOYEE :	
				
By:	 	 	 		 	 	
	 	Signature	 		 	Signature	
					
Title:	 	 	 		 	Date:	 	 	
					
Date:	 	 	 		 		 		

A TTACHMENTS :	 	Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Agreement and Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan	

A TTACHMENT 1
V ICAL I NCORPORATED
A MENDED A ND R ESTATED S TOCK I NCENTIVE P LAN
D ELAYED I SSUANCE S TOCK P URCHASE A GREEMENT
Pursuant to the Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Grant Notice (“ Grant Notice ”) and this Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Agreement and in consideration of your services, Vical Incorporated (the “ Company ”) has awarded you a Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Award (the “ Award ”) under its Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan (the “ Plan ”). Your Award is granted to you effective as of the Date of Grant set forth in the Grant Notice for this Award. This Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Agreement shall be deemed to be agreed to by the Company and you upon the signing by you of the Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Grant Notice to which it is attached. Capitalized terms not explicitly defined in this Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Agreement shall have the same meanings given to them in the Plan. In the event of any conflict between the terms in this Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Agreement and the Plan, the terms of the Plan shall control. The details of your Award, in addition to those set forth in the Grant Notice and the Plan, are as follows.
1. G RANT OF THE A WARD AND P URCHASE P RICE . This Award represents the right to be issued on a future date the number of Shares as indicated in the Grant Notice. As of the Date of Grant, the Company will credit to a bookkeeping account maintained by the Company for your benefit (the “ Account ”) the number of Shares subject to the Award. The Purchase Price for each Share shall be $0.01.
2. V ESTING .
(a) In General. Subject to the limitations contained herein, your Award will vest, if at all, in accordance with the vesting schedule provided in the Grant Notice, provided that vesting will cease upon the termination of your Service. Upon such termination of your Service, the Shares credited to the Account that were not vested on the date of such termination will be forfeited at no cost to the Company and you will have no further right, title or interest in or to such underlying Shares.
(b) Vesting Acceleration. Notwithstanding the foregoing, upon a Change of Control during your Service, then your Award will immediately vest in full.
3. N UMBER OF S HARES .
(a) The number of Shares subject to your Award may be adjusted from time to time for capitalization adjustments, as provided in Section 9 of the Plan.
(b) Any Shares, cash or other property that becomes subject to the Award pursuant to this Section 3 and Section 7, if any, shall be subject, in a manner determined by the Board of Directors, to the same forfeiture restrictions, restrictions on transferability, and time and manner of delivery as applicable to the other Shares covered by your Award.
 
1.

(c) Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 3, no fractional Shares or rights for fractional Shares shall be created pursuant to this Section 3. The Board of Directors shall, in its discretion, determine an equivalent benefit for any fractional Shares or fractional Shares that might be created by the adjustments referred to in this Section 3.
4. S ECURITIES L AW C OMPLIANCE . You may not be issued any Shares under your Award unless either (i) the Shares are registered under the Securities Act; or (ii) the Company has determined that such issuance would be exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Your Award also must comply with other applicable laws and regulations governing the Award, and you will not receive such Shares if the Company determines that such receipt would not be in material compliance with such laws and regulations.
5. L IMITATIONS ON T RANSFER . Your Award is not transferable, except by will or by the laws of descent and distribution. In addition to any other limitation on transfer created by applicable securities laws, you agree not to assign, hypothecate, donate, encumber or otherwise dispose of any interest in any of the Shares subject to the Award until the Shares are issued to you in accordance with Section 6 of this Agreement. After the Shares have been issued to you, you are free to assign, hypothecate, donate, encumber or otherwise dispose of any interest in such Shares provided that any such actions are in compliance with the provisions herein and applicable securities laws. Notwithstanding the foregoing, by delivering written notice to the Company, in a form satisfactory to the Company, you may designate a third party who, in the event of your death, shall thereafter be entitled to receive any distribution of Shares to which you were entitled at the time of your death pursuant to this Agreement.
6. D ATE OF I SSUANCE .
(a) The Company will deliver to you a number of Shares equal to the number of vested Shares subject to your Award, including any additional Shares received pursuant to Section 3 above that relate to those vested Shares on the applicable vesting date(s). However, if a scheduled delivery date falls on a date that is not a business day, such delivery date shall instead fall on the next following business day.
(b) Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that (i) you are subject to the Company’s policy permitting officers and directors to sell Shares only during certain “window” periods, in effect from time to time or you are otherwise prohibited from selling Shares in the public market and any Shares covered by your Award are scheduled to be delivered on a day (the “ Original Distribution Date ”) that does not occur during an open “window period” applicable to you, as determined by the Company in accordance with such policy, or does not occur on a date when you are otherwise permitted to sell Shares on the open market, and (ii) the Company elects not to satisfy its tax withholding obligations by withholding Shares from your distribution, then such Shares shall not be delivered on such Original Distribution Date and shall instead be delivered on the first business day of the next occurring open “window period” applicable to you pursuant to such policy (regardless of whether you are still providing continuous services at such time) or the next business day when you are not prohibited from selling Shares in the open market, but in no event later than the fifteenth (15th) day of the third calendar month of the calendar year following the calendar year in which the Original Distribution Date occurs. The form of such delivery ( e.g. , a stock certificate or electronic entry evidencing such Shares) shall be determined by the Company.
 
2.

7. D IVIDENDS . You shall be entitled to receive payments equal to any cash dividends and other distributions paid with respect to a corresponding number of Shares covered by your Award, provided that if any such dividends or distributions are paid in Shares, the Fair Market Value of such Shares shall be converted into additional Shares covered by the Award, and further provided that such additional Shares shall be subject to the same forfeiture restrictions and restrictions on transferability as apply to the Shares subject to the Award with respect to which they relate.
8. R ESTRICTIVE L EGENDS . The Shares issued under your Award shall be endorsed with appropriate legends determined by the Company.
9. A WARD NOT A S ERVICE C ONTRACT .
(a) Your Service with the Company or an Affiliate is not for any specified term and may be terminated by you or by the Company or an Affiliate at any time, for any reason, with or without cause and with or without notice. Nothing in this Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Agreement (including, but not limited to, the vesting of your Award pursuant to the schedule set forth in Section 2 herein or the issuance of the Shares subject to your Award), the Plan or any covenant of good faith and fair dealing that may be found implicit in this Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Agreement or the Plan shall: (i) confer upon you any right to continue in the employ of, or affiliation with, the Company or an affiliate; (ii) constitute any promise or commitment by the Company or an affiliate regarding the fact or nature of future positions, future work assignments, future compensation or any other term or condition of employment or affiliation; (iii) confer any right or benefit under this Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Agreement or the Plan unless such right or benefit has specifically accrued under the terms of this Agreement or Plan; or (iv) deprive the Company of the right to terminate you at will and without regard to any future vesting opportunity that you may have.
(b) By accepting this Award, you acknowledge and agree that the right to continue vesting in the Award pursuant to the schedule set forth in Section 2 is earned only by continuing as an employee, director or consultant at the will of the Company (not through the act of being hired, being granted this Award or any other award or benefit) and that the Company has the right to reorganize, sell, spin-out or otherwise restructure one or more of its businesses or Affiliates at any time or from time to time, as it deems appropriate (a “reorganization”). You further acknowledge and agree that such a reorganization could result in the termination of your Service, or the termination of Affiliate status of your employer and the loss of benefits available to you under this Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Agreement, including but not limited to, the termination of the right to continue vesting in the Award. You further acknowledge and agree that this Delayed Issuance Stock Purchase Agreement, the Plan, the transactions contemplated hereunder and the vesting schedule set forth herein or any covenant of good faith and fair dealing that may be found implicit in any of them do not constitute an express or implied promise of continued engagement as an employee or consultant for the term of this Agreement, for any period, or at all, and shall not interfere in any way with your right or the Company’s right to terminate your Service at any time, with or without cause and with or without notice.
10. W ITHHOLDING O BLIGATIONS .
(a) On or before the time you receive a distribution of the Shares subject to your Award, or at any time thereafter as requested by the Company, you hereby authorize any
 
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required withholding from the Shares issuable to you and/or otherwise agree to make adequate provision in cash for any sums required to satisfy the federal, state, local and foreign tax withholding obligations of the Company or any Affiliate which arise in connection with your Award (the “ Withholding Taxes ”). Additionally, the Company may, in its sole discretion, satisfy all or any portion of the Withholding Taxes obligation relating to your Award by any of the following means or by a combination of such means: (i) withholding from any compensation otherwise payable to you by the Company; (ii) causing you to tender a cash payment; or (iii) withholding Shares from the Shares issued or otherwise issuable to you in connection with the Award with a Fair Market Value (measured as of the date Shares are issued to pursuant to Section 6) equal to the amount of such Withholding Taxes; provided, however, that the number of such Shares so withheld shall not exceed the amount necessary to satisfy the Company’s required tax withholding obligations using the minimum statutory withholding rates for federal, state, local and foreign tax purposes, including payroll taxes, that are applicable to supplemental taxable income.
(b) Unless the tax withholding obligations of the Company and/or any Affiliate are satisfied, the Company shall have no obligation to deliver to you any Shares.
(c) In the event the Company’s obligation to withhold arises prior to the delivery to you of Shares or it is determined after the delivery of Shares to you that the amount of the Company’s withholding obligation was greater than the amount withheld by the Company, you agree to indemnify and hold the Company harmless from any failure by the Company to withhold the proper amount.
11. U NSECURED O BLIGATION . Your Award is unfunded, and as a holder of a vested Award, you shall be considered an unsecured creditor of the Company with respect to the Company’s obligation, if any, to issue Shares pursuant to this Agreement. You shall not have voting or any other rights as a stockholder of the Company with respect to the Shares to be issued pursuant to this Agreement until such Shares are issued to you pursuant to Section 6 of this Agreement. Upon such issuance, you will obtain full voting and other rights as a stockholder of the Company. Nothing contained in this Agreement, and no action taken pursuant to its provisions, shall create or be construed to create a trust of any kind or a fiduciary relationship between you and the Company or any other person.
12. O THER D OCUMENTS . You hereby acknowledge receipt or the right to receive a document providing the information required by Rule 428(b)(1) promulgated under the Securities Act, which includes the Plan prospectus. In addition, you acknowledge receipt of the Company’s policy permitting officers and directors to sell Shares only during certain “window” periods and the Company’s insider trading policy, in effect from time to time.
13. N OTICES . Any notices provided for in your Award or the Plan shall be given in writing and shall be deemed effectively given upon receipt or, in the case of notices delivered by the Company to you, five (5) days after deposit in the United States mail, postage prepaid, addressed to you at the last address you provided to the Company. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company may, in its sole discretion, decide to deliver any documents related to participation in the Plan and this Award by electronic means or to request your consent to participate in the Plan by electronic means. You hereby consents to receive such documents by electronic delivery and, if requested, to agree to participate in the Plan through an on-line or
 
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electronic system established and maintained by the Company or another third party designated by the Company.
14. M ISCELLANEOUS .
(a) The rights and obligations of the Company under your Award shall be transferable to any one or more persons or entities, and all covenants and agreements hereunder shall inure to the benefit of, and be enforceable by the Company’s successors and assigns. Your rights and obligations under your Award may only be assigned with the prior written consent of the Company.
(b) You agree upon request to execute any further documents or instruments necessary or desirable in the sole determination of the Company to carry out the purposes or intent of your Award.
(c) You acknowledge and agree that you have reviewed your Award in its entirety, have had an opportunity to obtain the advice of counsel prior to executing and accepting your Award, and fully understand all provisions of your Award.
(d) This Agreement shall be subject to all applicable laws, rules, and regulations, and to such approvals by any governmental agencies or national securities exchanges as may be required.
(e) All obligations of the Company under the Plan and this Agreement shall be binding on any successor to the Company, whether the existence of such successor is the result of a direct or indirect purchase, merger, consolidation, or otherwise, of all or substantially all of the business and/or assets of the Company.
15. G OVERNING P LAN D OCUMENT . Your Award is subject to all the provisions of the Plan, the provisions of which are hereby made a part of your Award, and is further subject to all interpretations, amendments, rules and regulations which may from time to time be promulgated and adopted pursuant to the Plan. Except as expressly provided herein, in the event of any conflict between the provisions of your Award and those of the Plan, the provisions of the Plan shall control.
16. S EVERABILITY . If all or any part of this Agreement or the Plan is declared by any court or governmental authority to be unlawful or invalid, such unlawfulness or invalidity shall not invalidate any portion of this Agreement or the Plan not declared to be unlawful or invalid. Any Section of this Agreement (or part of such a Section) so declared to be unlawful or invalid shall, if possible, be construed in a manner which will give effect to the terms of such Section or part of a Section to the fullest extent possible while remaining lawful and valid.
17. E FFECT ON O THER E MPLOYEE B ENEFIT P LANS . The value of the Award subject to this Agreement shall not be included as compensation, earnings, salaries, or other similar terms used when calculating the Employee’s benefits under any employee benefit plan sponsored by the Company or any Affiliate, except as such plan otherwise expressly provides. The Company expressly reserves its rights to amend, modify, or terminate any of the Company’s or any Affiliate’s employee benefit plans.
 
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18. C HOICE OF L AW . The interpretation, performance and enforcement of this Agreement will be governed by the law of the state of California without regard to such state’s conflicts of laws rules.
19. A MENDMENT . This Agreement may not be modified, amended or terminated except by an instrument in writing, signed by you and by a duly authorized representative of the Company. Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Agreement may be amended solely by the Board of Directors by a writing which specifically states that it is amending this Agreement, so long as a copy of such amendment is delivered to you, and provided that no such amendment adversely affecting your rights hereunder may be made without your written consent. Without limiting the foregoing, the Board of Directors reserves the right to change, by written notice to you, the provisions of this Agreement in any way it may deem necessary or advisable to carry out the purpose of the grant as a result of any change in applicable laws or regulations or any future law, regulation, ruling, or judicial decision, provided that any such change shall be applicable only to rights relating to that portion of the Award which is then subject to restrictions as provided herein.
 
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Exhibit 23.1
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We consent to the incorporation by reference in the following registration statements:
1) Registration Statements on Form S-3 (333-159103 and 333-164476) of Vical Incorporated, and
2) Registration Statements on Form S-8 (33-60826, 33-60824, 33-81602, 33-81600, 33-87972, 333-30181, 333-80681, 333-60293, 333-66254, 333-97019, 333-107581, 333-116951, 333-135266 and 333-143885) of Vical Incorporated;
of our report dated February 25, 2010, with respect to the financial statements of Vical Incorporated, and our report dated February 25, 2010, with respect to the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of Vical Incorporated included in this Annual Report (Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31, 2009.
/s/     ERNST & YOUNG LLP
San Diego, California
February 25, 2010

Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION
I, Vijay B. Samant, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Vical Incorporated;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: February 25, 2010	 	By:	 	/s/    V IJAY B. S AMANT        	
	 		 	Vijay B. Samant	
	 		 	Chief Executive Officer	

Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION
I, Jill M. Broadfoot, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Vical Incorporated;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: February 25, 2010	 	By:	 	/s/    J ILL M. B ROADFOOT        	
	 		 	Jill M. Broadfoot	
	 		 	Chief Financial Officer	

Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted), Vijay B. Samant, the Chief Executive Officer of Vical Incorporated (the “Company”), hereby certifies that, to the best of his knowledge:
1. The Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2009, to which this Certification is attached as Exhibit 32.1 (the “Annual Report”), fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and
2. The information contained in the Annual Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition of the Company at the end of the period covered by the Annual Report and results of operations of the Company for the period covered by the Annual Report.
Dated: February 25, 2010

/s/    V IJAY B. S AMANT        	
Vijay B. Samant	
Chief Executive Officer	
THIS CERTIFICATION “ACCOMPANIES” THE ANNUAL REPORT, IS NOT DEEMED FILED WITH THE SEC AND IS NOT TO BE INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE INTO ANY FILING OF THE COMPANY UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED (WHETHER MADE BEFORE OR AFTER THE DATE OF THE ANNUAL REPORT), IRRESPECTIVE OF ANY GENERAL INCORPORATION LANGUAGE CONTAINED IN SUCH FILING. A SIGNED ORIGINAL OF THIS CERTIFICATION HAS BEEN PROVIDED TO THE COMPANY AND WILL BE RETAINED BY THE COMPANY AND FURNISHED TO THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ITS STAFF UPON REQUEST.

Exhibit 32.2
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted), Jill M. Broadfoot, the Chief Financial Officer of Vical Incorporated (the “Company”), hereby certifies that, to the best of her knowledge:
1. The Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2009, to which this Certification is attached as Exhibit 32.2 (the “Annual Report”), fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and
2. The information contained in the Annual Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition of the Company at the end of the period covered by the Annual Report and results of operations of the Company for the period covered by the Annual Report.
Dated: February 25, 2010

/s/    J ILL M. B ROADFOOT        	
Jill M. Broadfoot	
Chief Financial Officer	
THIS CERTIFICATION “ACCOMPANIES” THE ANNUAL REPORT, IS NOT DEEMED FILED WITH THE SEC AND IS NOT TO BE INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE INTO ANY FILING OF THE COMPANY UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED (WHETHER MADE BEFORE OR AFTER THE DATE OF THE ANNUAL REPORT), IRRESPECTIVE OF ANY GENERAL INCORPORATION LANGUAGE CONTAINED IN SUCH FILING. A SIGNED ORIGINAL OF THIS CERTIFICATION HAS BEEN PROVIDED TO THE COMPANY AND WILL BE RETAINED BY THE COMPANY AND FURNISHED TO THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ITS STAFF UPON REQUEST.