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1. Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP"). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Aon Corporation and all controlled subsidiaries ("Aon" or the "Company"). All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. The consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, and for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010, and 2009, include, in the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments and reclassifications) necessary to present fairly the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows for all periods presented. Reclassifications and Change in Presentation Certain amounts in prior years' consolidated financial statements and related notes have been reclassified to conform to the 2011 presentation. Changes in the presentation of the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for 2010 and 2009 were made related to "Net (purchase) sales of short-term investments — funds held on behalf of clients." This line item had previously been presented in cash flows from investing activities and is now included in cash flows from operating activities. The Company believes this provides greater clarity into the operating and investing activities of the Company as this amount was offset by "Changes in funds held on behalf of clients" in the cash flows from operating activities. Although the Company invests funds held on behalf of clients, the handling of client money is believed to be part of the Company's day-to-day operating activities. The current year presentation separates "Fiduciary receivables," "Fiduciary liabilities," and "Short-term investments — funds held on behalf of clients" which, when taken together, net to zero. These three line items represent the changes in fiduciary funds when aggregated. Use of Estimates The preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates and assumptions are based on management's best estimates and judgments. Management evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment, which management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Aon adjusts such estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. Illiquid credit markets, volatile equity markets, and foreign currency movements have combined to increase the uncertainty inherent in such estimates and assumptions. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ significantly from these estimates. Changes in estimates resulting from continuing changes in the economic environment will be reflected in the financial statements in future periods. |
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3. Other Financial Data Consolidated Statements of Income Information Other Income Other income consists of the following (in millions):
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position Information Fixed Assets, net The components of Fixed assets, net are as follows (in millions):
Depreciation expense, which includes software amortization, was $220 million, $151 million, and $149 million for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively. |
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4. Acquisitions and Dispositions In 2011, the Company completed the acquisitions of Glenrand MIB Limited ("Glenrand") and three additional businesses in the Risk Solutions segment, as well as one business that is included in the HR Solutions segment. The aggregate consideration transferred and the value of intangible assets recorded (amounts within the measurement period are considered preliminary) at the acquisition date fair value as a result of the Company's acquisitions is as follows (in millions):
Approximately $42 million of future payments relating primarily to earnouts is included in the 2010 total consideration. These amounts are recorded in Other current liabilities and Other non-current liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. In 2010, the Company completed the acquisitions of Hewitt Associates, Inc. ("Hewitt"), and the JP Morgan Compensation and Benefit Strategies Division of JP Morgan Retirement Plan Services, LLC, both of which are included in the HR Solutions segment, as well as other companies, which are included in the Risk Solutions segment. The results of operations of these acquisitions are included in the Consolidated Financial Statements from the dates they were acquired. These acquisitions, excluding Hewitt, would not produce a materially different result if they had been reported from the beginning of the period in which they were acquired. Hewitt Associates, Inc. On October 1, 2010, the Company completed its acquisition of Hewitt (the "Acquisition"), one of the world's leading human resource consulting and outsourcing companies. Aon purchased all of the outstanding shares of Hewitt common stock in a cash-and-stock transaction valued at $4.9 billion, of which the total amount of cash paid and the total number of shares of stock issued by Aon each represented approximately 50% of the aggregate consideration. Hewitt provided leading organizations around the world with expert human resources consulting and outsourcing solutions to help them anticipate and solve their most complex benefits, talent, and related financial challenges. Hewitt worked with companies to design, implement, communicate, and administer a wide range of human resources, retirement, investment management, health care, compensation, and talent management strategies. Hewitt now operates globally together with Aon's existing consulting and outsourcing operations under the newly created Aon Hewitt brand. Under the terms of the acquisition agreement, each share of Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of Hewitt ("Hewitt Common Stock") outstanding immediately prior to the acquisition date was converted into the right to receive, at the election of each of the holders of Hewitt Common Stock, (i) 0.6362 of a share of common stock, par value $1.00 per share, of Aon ("Aon Common Stock") and $25.61 in cash (the "Mixed Consideration"), (ii) 0.7494 shares of Aon Common Stock and $21.19 in cash (the "Stock Electing Consideration"), or (iii) $50.46 in cash (the "Cash Electing Consideration"). Pursuant to the terms of the acquisition agreement, the Cash Electing Consideration and the Stock Electing Consideration payable in the Acquisition were calculated based on the closing volume-weighted average price of Aon Common Stock on the New York Stock Exchange for the period of ten consecutive trading days ended on September 30, 2010, which was $39.0545, and the Stock Electing Consideration was subject to automatic proration and adjustment to ensure that the total amount of cash paid and the total number of shares of Aon Common Stock issued by Aon in the Acquisition each represented approximately 50% of the consideration, taking into account the rollover of the Hewitt stock options as described in the aquisition agreement. The final consideration transferred to acquire all of Hewitt's stock is as follows:
The Company incurred certain acquisition and integration costs associated with the transaction that were expensed as incurred and are reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The Company has recorded $47 million and $54 million of these Hewitt related costs in 2011 and 2010, respectively, of which $47 million and $40 million has been included in Other general expenses in 2011 and 2010, respectively, and $14 million, related to the cancellation of the bridge loan, has been included in Interest expense in 2010. The Company's HR Solutions segment has recorded $47 million and $19 million of these expenses in 2011 and 2010, respectively, with the remaining expense unallocated. The Company financed the Acquisition with the proceeds from a $1.0 billion three-year Term Loan Credit Facility, $1.5 billion in unsecured notes, and the issuance of 61 million shares of Aon common stock. In addition, as part of the consideration, certain outstanding Hewitt stock options were converted into options to purchase 4.5 million shares of Aon common stock. These items are detailed further in Note 8 "Debt" and Note 11 "Stockholders' Equity". The transaction has been accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting which requires, among other things, that most assets acquired and liabilities assumed be recognized at their fair values as of the acquisition date. The following table summarizes the amounts recognized for assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date (in millions):
The acquired customer relationships are being amortized over a weighted average life of 12 years. The technology asset is being amortized over 7 years and trademarks have been determined to have indefinite useful lives. Goodwill is calculated as the excess of the acquisition cost over the fair value of the net assets acquired and represents the synergies and other benefits that are expected to arise from combining the operations of Hewitt with the operations of Aon, and the future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired that could not be individually identified and separately recognized. Goodwill is not amortized and is not deductible for tax purposes. A single estimate of fair value results from a complex series of the Company's judgments about future events and uncertainties and relies heavily on estimates and assumptions. The Company's judgments used to determine the estimated fair value assigned to each class of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, as well as asset lives, can materially impact the Company's results of operations. The results of Hewitt's operations have been included in the Company's consolidated financial statements from the Acquisition date. The following table presents information for Hewitt that is included in Aon's Consolidated Statements of Income (in millions):
The following unaudited pro forma consolidated results of operations for 2010 and 2009 assume that the acquisition of Hewitt was completed as of January 1, 2009 (in millions, except per share amounts):
The unaudited pro forma consolidated results were prepared using the acquisition method of accounting and are based on the historical financial information of Aon and Hewitt, reflecting both in 2010 and 2009, Aon's and Hewitt's results of operations for a 12-month period. The historical financial information has been adjusted to give effect to the pro forma adjustments that are: (i) directly attributable to the acquisition, (ii) factually supportable and (iii) expected to have a continuing impact on the combined results. The unaudited pro forma consolidated results are not necessarily indicative of what the Company's consolidated results of operations actually would have been had it completed the acquisition on January 1, 2009. In addition, the unaudited pro forma consolidated results do not purport to project the future results of operations of the combined company nor do they reflect the expected realization of any cost savings associated with the acquisition. The unaudited pro forma consolidated results reflect primarily the following pro forma pre-tax adjustments:
In addition, all of the above adjustments were adjusted for the applicable tax impact. Aon has assumed a 38% combined statutory federal and state tax rate when estimating the tax effects of the adjustments to the unaudited pro forma combined statements of income. Dispositions In 2011, the Company completed the disposition of 2 businesses in the Risk Solutions segment. No pretax gains or losses were recognized on these sales, which are included in Other income in the Consolidated Statements of Income. During 2010, the Company completed the disposition of 8 businesses, 7 in the Risk Solutions segment and 1 in the HR Solutions segment. Total pretax losses of $4 million were recognized on these sales, which are included in Other income in the Consolidated Statements of Income. During 2009, the Company completed the disposition of 9 businesses in the Risk Solutions segment. Total pretax gains of $15 million were recognized on these sales, which are included in Other income in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Discontinued Operations In 2008, Aon reached a definitive agreement to sell AIS Management Corporation ("AIS"), which was previously included in the Risk Solutions segment, to Mercury General Corporation, for $120 million in cash at closing, plus a potential earn-out of up to $35 million payable over the two years following the completion of the agreement. The disposition was completed in January 2009 and resulted in a pretax gain of $86 million. The earn-out targets have not been met and therefore, Aon will not receive any of the potential earn-out payment. The operating results of businesses classified as discontinued operations are as follows (in millions):
Gain (loss) on sale—Other for 2010 includes $38 million of expense for the settlement of legacy litigation related to the Buckner vs. Resource Life matter. |
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5. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets The changes in the net carrying amount of goodwill by operating segment for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, are as follows (in millions):
In 2011, the Company finalized the Hewitt purchase price allocation, adjusting goodwill principally for the completion of third party valuation reports, the impact of changes in actual employee severance costs compared to original estimates and the resolution of certain tax matters. Other intangible assets by asset class are as follows (in millions):
Amortization expense on intangible assets was $362 million, $154 million and $93 million in 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. The estimated future amortization for intangible assets, inclusive of the impact of the transfer of the Health and Benefits Consulting business from the HR Solutions segment to the Risk Solutions segment effective January 1, 2012, as of December 31, 2011 is as follows (in millions):
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6. Restructuring Aon Hewitt Restructuring Plan On October 14, 2010, Aon announced a global restructuring plan ("Aon Hewitt Plan") in connection with the acquisition of Hewitt. The Aon Hewitt Plan is intended to streamline operations across the combined Aon Hewitt organization and includes an estimated 1,500 to 1,800 job eliminations. The Company expects these restructuring activities and related expenses to affect continuing operations into 2013. The Aon Hewitt Plan is expected to result in cumulative costs of approximately $325 million through the end of the plan, consisting of approximately $180 million in employee termination costs and approximately $145 million in real estate rationalization costs. As of December 31, 2011, approximately 1,080 jobs have been eliminated under the Aon Hewitt Plan. For the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Company recorded $105 million and $52 million of total expense, respectively. Charges related to the restructuring are included in Compensation and benefits and Other general expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income. The following summarizes restructuring and related costs by type that have been incurred and are estimated to be incurred through the end of the restructuring initiative related to the Aon Hewitt Plan (in millions):
The following summarizes the restructuring and related expenses, by segment, that have been incurred and are estimated to be incurred through the end of the restructuring initiative related to the Aon Hewitt Plan (in millions):
Aon Benfield Restructuring Plan The Company announced a global restructuring plan ("Aon Benfield Plan") in conjunction with its acquisition of Benfield in 2008. The Aon Benfield Plan is intended to integrate and streamline operations across the combined Aon Benfield organization. The Aon Benfield Plan includes an estimated 800 job eliminations. Additionally, duplicate space and assets will be abandoned. The Company originally estimated that the Aon Benfield Plan would result in cumulative costs totaling approximately $185 million over a three-year period, of which $104 million was recorded as part of the Benfield purchase price allocation and $81 million of which was expected to result in future charges to earnings. During 2009, the Company reduced the Benfield purchase price allocation by $49 million to reflect actual severance costs being lower than originally estimated. The Company currently estimates the Aon Benfield Plan will result in cumulative costs totaling approximately $160 million, of which $53 million was recorded as part of the purchase price allocation, $19 million, $26 million and $55 million has been recorded in earnings during 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively, and an estimated additional $7 million will be recorded in future earnings. As of December 31, 2011, approximately 785 jobs have been eliminated under the Aon Benfield Plan. Total cash payments of $129 million have been made under the Aon Benfield Plan, from inception to date. All costs associated with the Aon Benfield Plan are included in the Risk Solutions segment. Charges related to the restructuring are included in Compensation and benefits and Other general expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income. The plan was closed in January 2012. The following summarizes the restructuring and related costs by type that have been incurred and are estimated to be incurred through the end of the restructuring initiative related to the Aon Benfield Plan (in millions):
2007 Restructuring Plan In 2007, the Company announced a global restructuring plan intended to create a more streamlined organization and reduce future expense growth to better serve clients ("2007 Plan"). The 2007 Plan resulted in approximately 4,700 job eliminations and closure or consolidation of several offices resulting in sublease losses or lease buy-outs. The total cumulative pretax charges for the 2007 Plan was $737 million including costs related to workforce reduction, lease consolidation costs, asset impairments, as well as other expenses necessary to implement the restructuring initiative. Costs related to the restructuring are included in Compensation and benefits and Other general expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income. The Company does not expect any further expenses to be incurred in relation to the 2007 Plan. The following summarizes the restructuring and related expenses by type that have been incurred related to the 2007 Plan (in millions):
The following summarizes the restructuring and related expenses, by segment, that have been incurred related to the 2007 Plan (in millions):
As of December 31, 2011, the Company's liabilities for its restructuring plans are as follows (in millions):
Aon's unpaid restructuring liabilities are included in both Accounts payable and accrued liabilities and Other non-current liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. |
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7. Investments The Company earns income on cash balances and investments, as well as on premium trust balances that Aon maintains for premiums collected from insureds but not yet remitted to insurance companies, and funds held under the terms of certain outsourcing agreements to pay certain obligations on behalf of clients. Premium trust balances and a corresponding liability are included in Fiduciary assets and Fiduciary liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The Company's interest-bearing assets and other investments are included in the following categories in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position (in millions):
The Company's investments are as follows (in millions):
Unconsolidated Variable Interest Entities Aon has an ownership interest in Juniperus Insurance Opportunity Fund Limited ("Juniperus"), which is an investment vehicle that invests in an actively managed and diversified portfolio of insurance risks. Aon has concluded that Juniperus is a VIE. However, Aon has concluded that it is not the primary beneficiary as it lacks the power to direct the activities of Juniperus that most significantly impact economic performance, and therefore this entity is not consolidated. The investment in Juniperus is accounted for using the equity method of accounting. The Company's potential loss at December 30, 2011 is limited to its investment in Juniperus of $65 million, which is recorded in Investments in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. In January 2012, the Company entered into an agreement to redeem its equity interest in Juniperus Capital Holdings Limited ("JCHL") and the Company expects to redeem its investment in Juniperus in 2012. |
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9. Lease Commitments Aon leases office facilities, equipment and automobiles under non-cancelable operating leases. These leases expire at various dates and may contain renewal and expansion options. In addition to base rental costs, occupancy lease agreements generally provide for rent escalations resulting from increased assessments for real estate taxes and other charges. Approximately 88% of Aon's lease obligations are for the use of office space. In November 2011, Aon entered into an agreement to lease office space in a new building to be constructed in London, United Kingdom. The agreement is contingent upon the completion of the building construction. Aon expects to move into the new building in 2015 when it exercises an early break option at another leased facility. The Company has included the future minimum rental payments for this leased space in the schedule below and has excluded the future minimum rental payments for the existing lease beyond the expected date of the exercise of the break option. Rental expenses (including amounts applicable to taxes, insurance and maintenance) for operating leases are as follows (in millions):
At December 31, 2011, future minimum rental payments required under operating leases that have initial or remaining non-cancelable lease terms in excess of one year, net of sublease rental income, are as follows (in millions):
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10. Income Taxes Aon and its principal domestic subsidiaries are included in a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return. Aon's international subsidiaries file various income tax returns in their jurisdictions. Income from continuing operations before income tax and the provision for income tax consist of the following (in millions):
Income from continuing operations before income taxes shown above is based on the location of the business unit to which such earnings are attributable for tax purposes. However, taxable income may not correspond to the geographic attribution of the income from continuing operations before income taxes shown above due to the treatment of certain items, such as the costs associated with the Hewitt acquisition. In addition, because the earnings shown above may in some cases be subject to taxation in more than one country, the income tax provision shown above as U.S. or International may not correspond to the geographic attribution of the earnings. A reconciliation of the income tax provisions based on the U.S. statutory corporate tax rate to the provisions reflected in the Consolidated Financial Statements is as follows:
The components of Aon's deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in millions):
Deferred income taxes (assets and liabilities have been netted by jurisdiction) have been classified in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as follows (in millions):
Valuation allowances have been established primarily with regard to the tax benefits of certain net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Valuation allowances decreased by $35 million in 2011, primarily attributable to the change of the following items: a decrease in the valuation allowances of $13 million due to the sale of a subsidiary in UK, a decrease of $24 million in the valuation allowances for U.S. foreign tax credit carryforwards, and an increase of $7 million in the valuation allowances for an interest expense carryforward for Germany. Aon recognized, as an adjustment to additional paid-in-capital, income tax benefits attributable to employee stock compensation of $36 million, $20 million and $25 million in 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. U.S. deferred income taxes are not provided on unremitted foreign earnings that are considered permanently reinvested, which at December 31, 2011 amounted to approximately $3.0 billion. It is not practicable to determine the income tax liability that might be incurred if all such earnings were remitted to the U.S. due to foreign tax credits and exclusions that may become available at the time of remittance. At December 31, 2011, Aon had domestic federal operating loss carryforwards of $37million that will expire at various dates from 2012 to 2024, state operating loss carryforwards of $622 million that will expire at various dates from 2012 to 2031, and foreign operating and capital loss carryforwards of $886 million and $314 million, respectively, nearly all of which are subject to indefinite carryforward. Unrecognized Tax Provisions The following is a reconciliation of the Company's beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits (in millions):
As of December 31, 2011, $116 million of unrecognized tax benefits would impact the effective tax rate if recognized. Aon does not expect the unrecognized tax positions to change significantly over the next twelve months. The Company recognizes penalties and interest related to unrecognized income tax benefits in its provision for income taxes. Aon accrued potential penalties of less than $1 million in 2011 and $1 million in both 2010 and 2009. Aon accrued interest of less than $1 million in 2011and 2010, respectively. Aon has recorded a liability for penalties of less than $2 million and $5 million for 2011 and 2010 respectively and for interest less than $17 million and $18 million, respectively. Aon and its subsidiaries file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction as well as various state and international jurisdictions. Aon has substantially concluded all U.S. federal income tax matters for years through 2007. Material U.S. state and local income tax jurisdiction examinations have been concluded for years through 2005. Aon has concluded income tax examinations in its primary international jurisdictions through 2004. |
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13. Stock Compensation Plans The following table summarizes share-based compensation expense recognized in continuing operations in Compensation and benefits in the Consolidated Statements of Income (in millions):
During 2009, the Company converted its stock administration system to a new service provider. In connection with this conversion, a reconciliation of the methodologies and estimates used was performed, which resulted in a $12 million reduction of expense for the year ended December 31, 2009. Restricted Stock Units RSUs generally vest between three and five years, but may vest up to ten years from the date of grant. The fair value of RSUs is based upon the market value of the Aon common stock at the date of grant. With certain limited exceptions, any break in continuous employment will cause the forfeiture of all unvested awards. Compensation expense associated with RSUs is recognized over the service period. Dividend equivalents are paid on certain RSUs, based on the initial grant amount. A summary of the status of Aon's RSUs is as follows (shares in thousands):
The fair value of awards that vested during 2011, 2010 and 2009 was $217 million, $235 million and $223 million, respectively. Performance Share Awards The vesting of PSAs is contingent upon meeting various individual, divisional or company-wide performance conditions, including revenue generation or growth in revenue, pretax income or earnings per share over a one- to five-year period. The performance conditions are not considered in the determination of the grant date fair value for these awards. The fair value of PSAs is based upon the market price of the Aon common stock at the date of grant. Compensation expense is recognized over the performance period, and in certain cases an additional vesting period, based on management's estimate of the number of units expected to vest. Compensation expense is adjusted to reflect the actual number of shares issued at the end of the programs. The actual issuance of shares may range from 0-200% of the target number of PSAs granted, based on the plan. Dividend equivalents are not paid on PSAs. Information regarding PSAs granted during the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 follows (shares in thousands, dollars in millions, except fair value):
During 2011, the Company issued approximately 1.2 million shares in connection with the 2008 Leadership Performance Plan ("LPP") cycle and 0.3 million shares related to a 2006 performance plan. During 2010, the Company issued approximately 1.6 million shares in connection with the completion of the 2007 LPP cycle and 84,000 shares related to other performance plans. Stock Options Options to purchase common stock are granted to certain employees at fair value on the date of grant. Commencing in 2010, the Company ceased granting new stock options with the exception of historical contractual commitments. Generally, employees are required to complete two continuous years of service before the options begin to vest in increments until the completion of a 4-year period of continuous employment, although a number of options were granted that require five continuous years of service before the options are fully vested. Options issued under the LPP program vest ratable over 3 years with a six year term. The maximum contractual term on stock options is generally ten years from the date of grant. Aon uses a lattice-binomial option-pricing model to value stock options. Lattice-based option valuation models use a range of assumptions over the expected term of the options. Expected volatilities are based on the average of the historical volatility of Aon's stock price and the implied volatility of traded options and Aon's stock. The valuation model stratifies employees between those receiving LPP options, Special Stock Plan ("SSP") options, and all other option grants. The Company believes that this stratification better represents prospective stock option exercise patterns. The expected dividend yield assumption is based on the Company's historical and expected future dividend rate. The risk-free rate for periods within the contractual life of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. The expected life of employee stock options represents the weighted-average period stock options are expected to remain outstanding and is a derived output of the lattice-binomial model. The weighted average assumptions, the weighted average expected life and estimated fair value of employee stock options are summarized as follows:
In connection with the LPP Plan, the Company granted the following number of stock options at the noted exercise price: 2011 — none, 2010 — none, and 2009 — 1 million shares at $39 per share. In connection with its incentive compensation plans, the Company granted the following number of stock options at the noted exercise price: 2011 — 80,000 shares at $53 per share, 2010 — 143,000 shares at $38 per share, and 2009 — 550,000 shares at $37 per share. In 2010, the Company acquired Hewitt Associates and immediately vested all outstanding options issued under Hewitt's Global Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan. Each outstanding vested Hewitt stock option was converted into a fully vested and exercisable option to purchase Aon Common Stock with the same terms and conditions as the Hewitt stock option. On the acquisition date, 4.5 million options to purchase Aon Common Stock were issued to former holders of Hewitt stock options and 1.2 million of these options remain outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2011. A summary of the status of Aon's stock options and related information is as follows (shares in thousands):
A summary of options outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2011 is as follows (shares in thousands):
The aggregate intrinsic value represents the total pretax intrinsic value, based on options with an exercise price less than the Company's closing stock price of $46.80 as of December 31, 2011, which would have been received by the option holders had those option holders exercised their options as of that date. At December 31, 2011, the aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding was $136 million, of which $129 million was exercisable. Other information related to the Company's stock options is as follows (in millions):
Unamortized deferred compensation expense, which includes both options and awards, amounted to $263 million as of December 31, 2011, with a remaining weighted-average amortization period of approximately 2.0 years. Employee Stock Purchase Plan United States Aon has an employee stock purchase plan that provides for the purchase of a maximum of 7.5 million shares of Aon's common stock by eligible U.S. employees. Prior to 2011, shares of Aon's common stock were purchased at 3-month intervals at 85% of the lower of the fair market value of the common stock on the first or the last day of each 3-month period. Beginning in 2011, shares of Aon's common stock were purchased at 6-month intervals at 85% of the lower of the fair market value of the common stock on the first or last day of each 6-month period. In 2011, 2010, and 2009, 468,000 shares, 357,000 shares and 323,000 shares, respectively, were issued to employees under the plan. Compensation expense recognized was $5 million in 2011, and $3 million each in 2010 and 2009. United Kingdom Aon also has an employee stock purchase plan for eligible U.K. employees that provides for the purchase of shares after a 3-year period and that is similar to the U.S. plan previously described. Three-year periods began in 2008 and 2006, allowing for the purchase of a maximum of 200,000 and 525,000 shares, respectively. In 2011, 2010 and 2009, 63,000 shares, 5,000 shares, and 201,000 shares, respectively, were issued under the plan. In 2011, 2010 and 2009, $1 million, $1 million, and $1 million, respectively, of compensation expense was recognized. |
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14. Derivatives and Hedging Aon is exposed to certain market risks, including changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. To manage the risk related to these exposures, Aon enters into various derivative instruments that reduce these market risks by creating offsetting exposures. Aon does not enter into derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes. Derivative transactions are governed by a uniform set of policies and procedures covering areas such as authorization, counterparty exposure and hedging practices. Positions are monitored using techniques such as market value and sensitivity analyses. Certain derivatives also give rise to credit risks from the possible non-performance by counterparties. The credit risk is generally limited to the fair value of those contracts that are favorable to Aon. Aon has limited its credit risk by using International Swaps and Derivatives Association ("ISDA") master agreements, collateral and credit support arrangements, entering into non-exchange-traded derivatives with highly-rated major financial institutions and by using exchange-traded instruments. Aon monitors the credit-worthiness of, and exposure to, its counterparties. As of December 31, 2011, all net derivative positions were free of credit risk contingent features. In addition, Aon has not received nor pledged collateral to counterparties for derivatives subject to collateral support arrangements as of December 31, 2011. Foreign Exchange Risk Management Aon and its subsidiaries are exposed to foreign exchange risk when they receive revenues, pay expenses, or enter into intercompany loans denominated in a currency that differs from their functional currency. Aon uses foreign exchange derivatives, typically forward contracts, options and cross currency swaps, to reduce its overall exposure to the effects of currency fluctuations on cash flows. These exposures are hedged, on average, for less than two years; however, in limited instances, the Company has hedged certain exposures up to five years in the future. As of December 31, 2011, $43 million of pretax losses have been deferred in OCI related to foreign currency hedges, of which a $30 million loss is expected to be reclassified to earnings in 2012. These hedging relationships had no material ineffectiveness in 2011, 2010, or 2009. Aon also uses foreign exchange derivatives, typically forward contracts and options, to hedge its net investments in foreign operations for up to two years in the future. As of December 31, 2011, $109 million of gains have been deferred in OCI related to the existing hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation. This hedge had no material ineffectiveness in 2011, 2010, or 2009. Aon also uses foreign exchange derivatives, typically forward contracts and options, to manage the currency exposure of Aon's global liquidity profile for one year in the future. These derivatives are not accounted for as hedges, and changes in fair value are recorded each period in Other general expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Interest Rate Risk Management Aon holds variable-rate short-term brokerage and other operating deposits. Aon uses interest rate derivatives, typically swaps, to reduce its exposure to the effects of interest rate fluctuations on the forecasted interest receipts from these deposits for up to two years in the future. As of December 31, 2011, $1 million of pretax gains have been deferred in OCI related to these hedging relationships, all of which is expected to be reclassified to earnings in 2012. These hedges had no material ineffectiveness in 2011, 2010, or 2009. In August 2010, Aon entered into forward starting swaps with a total notional of $500 million to reduce its exposure to the effects of interest rate fluctuations on the forecasted interest expense cash flows related to the anticipated issuance of fixed rate debt in September 2010. Aon designated the forward starting swaps as a cash flow hedge of this exposure and terminated the positions when the debt was issued. As of December 31, 2011, $12 million of pretax losses have been deferred in OCI related to these hedges, of which $1 million is expected to be reclassified to earnings during the next twelve months. These hedges had no material ineffectiveness in 2011 and 2010. In 2009, a subsidiary of Aon issued €500 million ($655 million at December 31, 2011 exchange rates) of fixed rate debt due on July 1, 2014. Aon is exposed to changes in the fair value of the debt due to interest rate fluctuations. Aon entered into interest rate swaps, which were designated as part of a fair value hedging relationship to reduce its exposure to the effects of interest rate fluctuations on the fair value of the debt. This hedge did not have any material ineffectiveness in 2011, 2010, and 2009. The notional and fair values of derivative instruments are as follows (in millions):
The amounts of derivative gains (losses) recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements are as follows (in millions):
The amount of gain (loss) recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements is as follows (in millions):
The amount of gain (loss) recognized in income on the ineffective portion of derivatives for 2011, 2010 and 2009 was negligible. Aon recorded a loss of $9 million and a gain of $10 million in Other general expenses for foreign exchange derivatives not designated or qualifying as hedges for 2011 and 2010, respectively. |
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17. Related Party Transactions During 2011, the Company, in the ordinary course of business, provided retail brokerage, consulting and financial advisory services to, and received wholesale brokerage services from, an entity that is controlled by one of the Company's stockholders. These transactions were negotiated at an arms-length basis and contain customary terms and conditions. During 2011, commissions and fee revenue from these transactions was approximately $9 million. |
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18. Segment Information The Company has two reportable operating segments: Risk Solutions and HR Solutions. Unallocated income and expenses, when combined with the operating segments and after the elimination of intersegment revenues and expenses, total to the amounts in the Consolidated Financial Statements. Reportable operating segments have been determined using a management approach, which is consistent with the basis and manner in which Aon's chief operating decision maker ("CODM") uses financial information for the purposes of allocating resources and assessing performance. The CODM assesses performance based on operating segment operating income and generally accounts for intersegment revenue as if the revenue were from third parties and at what management believes are current market prices. The Company does not present net assets by segment as this information is not reviewed by the CODM. Risk Solutions acts as an advisor and insurance and reinsurance broker, helping clients manage their risks, via consultation, as well as negotiation and placement of insurance risk with insurance carriers through Aon's global distribution network. HR Solutions partners with organizations to solve their most complex benefits, talent and related financial challenges, and improve business performance by designing, implementing, communicating and administering a wide range of human capital, retirement, investment management, health care, compensation and talent management strategies. Aon's total revenue is as follows (in millions):
Commissions, fees and other revenues by product are as follows (in millions):
Fiduciary investment income by segment is as follows (in millions):
A reconciliation of segment operating income before tax to income from continuing operations before income taxes is as follows (in millions):
Unallocated revenue consists primarily of revenue from the Company's ownership in investments. Unallocated expenses include administrative or other costs not attributable to the operating segments, such as corporate governance costs and the costs associated with corporate investments. Interest income represents income earned primarily on operating cash balances and miscellaneous income producing securities. Interest expense represents the cost of worldwide debt obligations. Other income primarily consists of equity earnings and realized gains (losses) on the sale of investments, disposal of businesses and extinguishment of debt. Revenues are generally attributed to geographic areas based on the location of the resources producing the revenues. Intercompany revenues and expenses are eliminated in consolidated results. Consolidated revenue by geographic area is as follows (in millions):
Consolidated non-current assets by geographic area are as follows (in millions):
Effective January 1, 2012, the Company moved the global Aon Hewitt Health and Benefits consulting business from the HR Solutions segment to the Risk Solutions segment. The move will allow the business to benefit from a broader global distribution channel and to promote the Company's deep health and benefits capabilities in data and analytics with clients and insurance carriers. In addition to the disclosures required for the reportable segments as they existed at December 31, 2011, the Company has included the following disclosures reflecting the move of this business from HR Solutions to Risk Solutions below for all periods presented. Segment disclosures by geographic area are not impacted by this move. Aon's total revenue reflecting the move of the Health and Benefits consulting business from the HR Solutions segment to the Risk Solutions segment for all periods presented is as follows (in millions):
Aon's total commissions, fees and other revenues by product reflecting the move of the Health and Benefits consulting business from the HR Solutions segment to the Risk Solutions segment for all periods presented is as follows (in millions):
Aon's fiduciary investment income by segment reflecting the move of the Health and Benefits consulting business from the HR Solutions segment to the Risk Solutions segment for all periods presented is as follows (in millions):
A reconciliation of segment operating income before tax to income from continuing operations before income taxes reflecting the move of the Health and Benefits consulting business from the HR Solutions segment to the Risk Solutions segment for all periods presented is as follows (in millions):
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19. Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) Selected quarterly financial data for the years ended December 31, 2011and 2010 as follows (in millions, except per share data):
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Reclassifications and Change in Presentation Certain amounts in prior years' consolidated financial statements and related notes have been reclassified to conform to the 2011 presentation. Changes in the presentation of the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for 2010 and 2009 were made related to "Net (purchase) sales of short-term investments — funds held on behalf of clients." This line item had previously been presented in cash flows from investing activities and is now included in cash flows from operating activities. The Company believes this provides greater clarity into the operating and investing activities of the Company as this amount was offset by "Changes in funds held on behalf of clients" in the cash flows from operating activities. Although the Company invests funds held on behalf of clients, the handling of client money is believed to be part of the Company's day-to-day operating activities. The current year presentation separates "Fiduciary receivables," "Fiduciary liabilities," and "Short-term investments — funds held on behalf of clients" which, when taken together, net to zero. These three line items represent the changes in fiduciary funds when aggregated. |
Use of Estimates The preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates and assumptions are based on management's best estimates and judgments. Management evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment, which management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Aon adjusts such estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. Illiquid credit markets, volatile equity markets, and foreign currency movements have combined to increase the uncertainty inherent in such estimates and assumptions. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ significantly from these estimates. Changes in estimates resulting from continuing changes in the economic environment will be reflected in the financial statements in future periods. |
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Pension and Other Post-Retirement Benefits The Company has net period cost relating to its pension and other post-retirement benefit plans based on calculations that include various actuarial assumptions, including discount rates, assumed rates of return on plan assets, inflation rates, mortality rates, compensation increases, and turnover rates. The Company reviews its actuarial assumptions on an annual basis and modifies these assumptions based on current rates and trends. The effects of gains, losses, and prior service costs and credits are amortized over future service periods or future estimated lives if the plans are frozen. The funded status of each plan, calculated as the fair value of plan assets less the benefit obligation, is reflected in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Financial Position using a December 31 measurement date. |
Net Income per Share Basic net income per share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding, including participating securities, which consist of unvested stock awards with non-forfeitable rights to dividends. Diluted net income per share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding, which have been adjusted for the dilutive effect of potentially issuable common shares (excluding those that are considered participating securities), including certain contingently issuable shares. The diluted earnings per share calculation reflects the more dilutive effect of either (1) the two-class method that assumes that the participating securities have not been exercised, or (2) the treasury stock method. Certain common stock equivalents, related primarily to options, were not included in the computation of diluted income per share because their inclusion would have been antidilutive. |
Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include cash balances and all highly liquid investments with initial maturities of three months or less. Cash and cash equivalents included restricted balances of $191 million and $60 million at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. The increase in the restricted balances is primarily due to a requirement for the Company to hold approximately $120 million of operating funds in the U.K. |
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Fiduciary Assets and Liabilities In its capacity as an insurance agent and broker, Aon collects premiums from insureds and, after deducting its commission, remits the premiums to the respective insurers. Aon also collects claims or refunds from insurers on behalf of insureds. Uncollected premiums from insureds and uncollected claims or refunds from insurers are recorded as Fiduciary assets in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Unremitted insurance premiums and claims are held in a fiduciary capacity and the obligation to remit these funds is recorded as Fiduciary liabilities in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Some of the Company's outsourcing agreements also require it to hold funds to pay certain obligations on behalf of clients. These funds are also recorded as Fiduciary assets with the related obligation recorded as Fiduciary liabilities in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Aon maintained premium trust balances for premiums collected from insureds but not yet remitted to insurance companies of $4.2 billion and $3.5 billion at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. These funds and a corresponding liability are included in Fiduciary assets and Fiduciary liabilities, respectively, in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. |
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts The Company's allowance for doubtful accounts with respect to receivables is based on a combination of factors, including evaluation of historical write-offs, aging of balances and other qualitative and quantitative analyses. Receivables included an allowance for doubtful accounts of $104 million and $102 million at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. |
Fixed Assets Fixed assets are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Included in this category is internal use software, which is software that is acquired, internally developed or modified solely to meet internal needs, with no plan to market externally. Costs related to directly obtaining, developing or upgrading internal use software are capitalized. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which are generally as follows:
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Investments The Company accounts for investments as follows:
The Company assesses any declines in the fair value of investments to determine whether such declines are other-than-temporary. This assessment is made considering all available evidence, including changes in general market conditions, specific industry and individual company data, the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, the financial condition and the near-term prospects of the entity issuing the security, and the Company's ability and intent to hold the investment until recovery of its cost basis. Other-than-temporary impairments of investments are recorded as part of Other income in the Consolidated Statements of Income in the period in which the determination is made. |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill represents the excess of acquisition cost over the fair value of the net assets in the acquisition of a business. Goodwill is allocated to various reporting units, which are one reporting level below the operating segment. Upon disposition of a business entity, goodwill is allocated to the disposed entity based on the fair value of that entity compared to the fair value of the reporting unit in which it was included. Goodwill is not amortized, but instead is tested for impairment at least annually. The goodwill impairment test is performed at the reporting unit level. Beginning in 2011, the Company initially performs a qualitative analysis to determine if it is more likely than not that the goodwill balance is impaired. If such a determination is made, then the Company will perform a two-step quantitative analysis. First, the fair value of each reporting unit is compared to its book value. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its book value, the Company performs a hypothetical purchase price allocation based on the reporting unit's fair value to determine the fair value of the reporting unit's goodwill. Fair value is determined using a combination of present value techniques and market prices of comparable businesses. Intangible assets include customer related and contract based assets representing primarily client relationships and non-compete covenants, trademarks, and marketing and technology related assets. These intangible assets, with the exception of trademarks, are amortized over periods ranging from 1 to 13 years, with a weighted average original life of 10 years. Trademarks are generally not amortized as such assets have been determined to have indefinite useful lives, and are tested at least annually for impairments using an analysis of expected future cash flows. Interim impairment testing may be performed when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the intangible asset may not be recoverable. |
Derivatives Derivative instruments are recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position at fair value. Where the Company has entered into master netting agreements with counterparties, the derivative positions are netted by counterparty and are reported accordingly in other assets or other liabilities. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments are recognized immediately in earnings, unless the derivative is designated as a hedge and qualifies for hedge accounting. The Company has historically designated the following hedging relationships for certain transactions: (i) a hedge of the change in fair value of a recognized asset or liability or firm commitment ("fair value hedge"), (ii) a hedge of the variability in cash flows from a recognized variable-rate asset or liability or forecasted transaction ("cash flow hedge"), and (iii) a hedge of the net investment in a foreign operation ("net investment hedge"). For derivatives designated as hedges and that qualify as part of a hedging relationship, changes in fair value of the derivative instrument are deferred until the period in which the hedged item affects earnings. In order for a derivative to qualify for hedge accounting, the derivative must be formally designated as a fair value, cash flow, or a net investment hedge by documenting the relationship between the derivative and the hedged item. The documentation must include a description of the hedging instrument, the hedged item, the risk being hedged, Aon's risk management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge, the method for assessing the effectiveness of the hedge, and the method for measuring hedge ineffectiveness. Additionally, the hedge relationship must be expected to be highly effective at offsetting changes in either the fair value or cash flows of the hedged item at both the inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis. Aon assesses the ongoing effectiveness of its hedges and measures and records hedge ineffectiveness, if any, at the end of each quarter. For a derivative designated as hedging the exposure to changes in the fair value of a recognized asset or liability or a firm commitment (a fair value hedge), the gain or loss is recognized in earnings in the period of change together with the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the risk being hedged. The effect is to reflect in earnings the extent to which the hedge is not effective in achieving offsetting changes in fair value. For a cash flow hedge that qualifies for hedge accounting, the effective portion of the change in fair value of a hedging instrument is recognized in Other Comprehensive Income ("OCI") and subsequently recognized in income when the hedged item affects earnings. The ineffective portion of the change in fair value is recognized immediately in earnings. For a net investment hedge, the effective portion of the change in fair value of the hedging instrument is recognized in OCI as part of the cumulative translation adjustment, while the ineffective portion is recognized immediately in earnings. Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is not designated as part of a hedging relationship (known as an "economic hedge") are recorded in either Interest income or Other general expenses (depending on the underlying exposure) in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The Company discontinues hedge accounting prospectively when (1) the derivative expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised, (2) the qualifying criteria are no longer met, or (3) management removes the designation of the hedge. When hedge accounting is discontinued because the derivative no longer qualifies as a fair value hedge, the Company continues to carry the derivative in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position at its fair value, recognizes subsequent changes in the fair value of the derivative in the Consolidated Statements of Income, ceases to adjust the hedged asset or liability for changes in its fair value and accounts for the carrying amount (including the basis adjustment caused by designating the item as a hedged item) of the hedged asset, liability or firm commitment in accordance with GAAP applicable to those assets or liabilities. When hedge accounting is discontinued because the derivative continues to exist but no longer qualifies as a cash flow hedge, the Company continues to carry the derivative in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position at its fair value, recognizes subsequent changes in the fair value of the derivative in the Consolidated Statements of Income, and continues to defer the derivative gain or loss in accumulated OCI (unless the forecasted transaction is deemed probable not to occur, at which time it would be reclassed to earnings) until the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. If the hedged forecasted transaction is not probable of occurring in the time period described in the hedge documentation or within a two month period of time thereafter, the deferred derivative gain or loss is immediately reclassified into earnings. |
Foreign Currency Certain of the Company's non-US operations use their respective local currency as their functional currency. These operations that do not have the U.S. dollar as their functional currency translate their financial statements at the current rates of exchange in effect at the balance sheet date and revenues and expenses using rates that approximate those in effect during the period. The resulting translation adjustments are included as a component of stockholders' equity in Accumulated other comprehensive loss in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Gains and losses from the remeasurement of monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in a non-functional currency are included in Other general expenses within the Consolidated Statements of Income. The effect of foreign exchange gains and losses on the Consolidated Statements of Income was a gain of $10 million in 2011, and losses of $18 million and $26 million in 2010 and 2009, respectively. Included in these amounts were derivative losses of $20 million, $11 million and $15 million in 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively. |
Income Taxes Deferred income taxes are recognized for the effect of temporary differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted marginal tax rates and laws that are currently in effect. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities from a change in tax rates is recognized in the period when the rate change is enacted. Deferred tax assets are reduced by valuation allowances if, based on the consideration of all available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. Significant weight is given to evidence that can be objectively verified. Deferred tax assets are realized by having sufficient future taxable income to allow the related tax benefits to reduce taxes otherwise payable. The sources of taxable income that may be available to realize the benefit of deferred tax assets are future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carry-forwards, taxable income in carry-back years and tax planning strategies that are both prudent and feasible. The Company recognizes the effect of income tax positions only if sustaining those positions is more likely than not. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which a change in judgment occurs. The Company records penalties and interest related to unrecognized tax benefits in Income taxes in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income. |
Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities The Company uses two primary consolidation models under U.S. GAAP: the variable interest model, which is the primary model initially considered for all entities, and the voting model. Under the variable interest model, the Company consolidates a variable interest entity when it has a variable interest (or combination thereof) that provides the Company with a controlling financial interest. In determining if the Company has a controlling financial interest, management assesses the characteristics of the Company's variable interest (including involvement of related parties) in the variable interest entity, as well as the involvement of other variable interest holders. The Company has a controlling financial interest in a variable interest entity if it concludes that it has both (1) the power to direct the activities of the variable interest entity that are most important to the entity's economic performance and (2) the obligation to absorb losses and the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the variable interest entity. If these conditions are met, the Company is the primary beneficiary of the variable interest entity and thus consolidates the entity in its Consolidated Financial Statements. For entities that fall under the voting model, the Company generally determines if it should consolidate the entity based on percentage ownership. Under this model, generally, if the Company owns more than 50% of the voting interest in the entity, it is consolidated. |
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At December 31, 2011, future minimum rental payments required under operating leases that have initial or remaining non-cancelable lease terms in excess of one year, net of sublease rental income, are as follows (in millions):
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A summary of options outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2011 is as follows (shares in thousands):
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