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3M Company and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
NOTE 1. Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The interim consolidated financial statements are unaudited but, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. These adjustments consist of normal, recurring items. The results of operations for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year. The interim consolidated financial statements and notes are presented as permitted by the requirements for Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q.
As described in 3M's Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 15, 2014 (which updated 3M's 2013 Annual Report on Form 10-K) and 3M's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2014, effective in the first quarter of 2014, the Company transferred a product line between divisions within different business segments and made other changes within business segments in its continuing effort to improve the alignment of its businesses around markets and customers (refer to Note 13 herein). Segment information presented herein reflects the impact of these changes for all periods presented. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the Company's consolidated financial statements and notes included in its Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 15, 2014.
Also, effective in the second quarter of 2014, within the Electronics and Energy business segment, 3M combined three existing divisions into two new divisions. A large portion of both the Electronics Markets Materials Division and the Electronic Solutions Division were combined to form the Electronics Materials Solutions Division, which focuses on semiconductor and electronics materials and assembly solutions. The Optical Systems Division, the remaining portion of the Electronic Solutions Division and a portion of the Electronics Markets Materials Division were combined to form the Display Materials and Systems Division, which focuses on delivering light, color and user interface solutions.
Foreign Currency Translation
Local currencies generally are considered the functional currencies outside the United States. Assets and liabilities for operations in local-currency environments are translated at month-end exchange rates of the period reported. Income and expense items are translated at month-end exchange rates of each applicable month. Cumulative translation adjustments are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in shareholders' equity.
Although local currencies are typically considered as the functional currencies outside the United States, under Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 830, Foreign Currency Matters, the reporting currency of a foreign entity's parent is assumed to be that entity's functional currency when the economic environment of a foreign entity is highly inflationary—generally when its cumulative inflation is approximately 100 percent or more for the three years that precede the beginning of a reporting period. 3M has a subsidiary in Venezuela with operating income representing less than 1.0 percent of 3M's consolidated operating income for 2013. 3M has determined that the cumulative inflation rate of Venezuela has exceeded, and continues to exceed, 100 percent since November 2009. Accordingly, since January 1, 2010, the financial statements of the Venezuelan subsidiary have been remeasured as if its functional currency were that of its parent.
The Venezuelan government sets official rates of exchange and conditions precedent to purchase foreign currency at these rates with local currency. Such rates and conditions are subject to change. For the periods presented through January 2013, this rate was set under the Transaction System for Foreign Currency Denominated Securities (SITME). In February 2013, the Venezuelan government announced a devaluation of its currency and the elimination of the SITME market. As a result, the official exchange rate controlled by the Commission for the Administration of Foreign Exchange (CADIVI) changed to a rate less favorable than the previous SITME rate.
In January 2014, the Venezuelan government announced that a new agency, the National Center for Foreign Commerce (CENCOEX), had assumed the previous role of CADIVI with respect to the continuation of the existing official exchange rate; significantly expanded the use of a second foreign exchange mechanism called the Complementary System for Foreign Currency Acquirement (or SICAD1); and issued exchange regulations indicating the SICAD1 rate of exchange would be used for payments related to international investments. The SICAD1 exchange mechanism, a complementary currency auction system, had previously been created for purchases of foreign currency by only certain eligible importers and tourists. The government had begun publishing the SICAD1 rate resulting from currency auctions in December 2013. In late March 2014, the Venezuelan government launched a third foreign exchange mechanism, SICAD2, which relies on U.S. dollar cash and U.S. dollar denominated bonds offered by the Venezuelan Central Bank, PDVSA (the Venezuelan national oil and gas company) and certain private companies. SICAD2 was announced as being available to all industry sectors and that its use would not be restricted as to purpose.
Since January 1, 2010, as discussed above, the financial statements of 3M's Venezuelan subsidiary have been remeasured as if its functional currency were that of its parent. For the periods presented, this remeasurement utilized the SITME rate through January 2013, the official CADIVI/CENCOEX rate beginning in February 2013, the SICAD1 rate beginning in March 2014, and the SICAD2 rate beginning in June 2014. 3M's use of SICAD1 and subsequently SICAD2 was based upon evaluation of a number of factors including, but not limited to, the exchange rate the Company's Venezuelan subsidiary may legally use to convert currency, settle transactions or pay dividends; the probability of accessing and obtaining currency by use of a particular rate or mechanism; and the Company's intent and ability to use a particular exchange mechanism. Other factors notwithstanding, the elimination of the SITME rate and use of the CADIVI/CENCOEX exchange rate beginning in February 2013, use of the SICAD1 rate beginning in March 2014, and use of the SICAD2 rate beginning in June 2014 did not have a material impact on 3M's consolidated results of operations or financial condition.
The Company continues to monitor circumstances relative to its Venezuelan subsidiary. Changes in applicable exchange rates or exchange mechanisms may continue in the future. These changes could impact the rate of exchange applicable to remeasure the Company's net monetary assets (liabilities) denominated in Venezuelan Bolivars (VEF). As of September 30, 2014, the Company had a balance of net monetary assets denominated in VEF of less than 125 million VEF and the SICAD1 and SICAD2 exchange rates were approximately 10 VEF and 50 VEF per U.S. dollar, respectively. Had 3M utilized the SICAD1 rate rather than the SICAD2 rate of exchange for remeasurement of such items as of September 30, 2014, the differential would not have had a material impact on 3M's consolidated results of operations or financial condition.
Earnings Per Share
The difference in the weighted average 3M shares outstanding for calculating basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to 3M common shareholders is a result of the dilution associated with the Company's stock-based compensation plans. Certain options outstanding under these stock-based compensation plans were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share attributable to 3M common shareholders because they would not have had a dilutive effect (insignificant for the three months ended September 30, 2014; 1.8 million average options for the nine months ended September 30, 2014; insignificant for the three months ended September 30, 2013; and 2.6 million average options for the nine months ended September 30, 2013). The computations for basic and diluted earnings per share follow:
Earnings Per Share Computations | ||||||||||||||
Three months ended | Nine months ended | |||||||||||||
September 30, | September 30, | |||||||||||||
(Amounts in millions, except per share amounts) | 2014 | 2013 | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||||||
Numerator: | ||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to 3M | $ | 1,303 | $ | 1,230 | $ | 3,777 | $ | 3,556 | ||||||
Denominator: | ||||||||||||||
Denominator for weighted average 3M common shares | ||||||||||||||
outstanding – basic | 645.3 | 679.8 | 652.9 | 686.4 | ||||||||||
Dilution associated with the Company’s stock-based | ||||||||||||||
compensation plans | 12.6 | 12.0 | 12.8 | 11.3 | ||||||||||
Denominator for weighted average 3M common shares | ||||||||||||||
outstanding – diluted | 657.9 | 691.8 | 665.7 | 697.7 | ||||||||||
Earnings per share attributable to 3M common | ||||||||||||||
shareholders – basic | $ | 2.02 | $ | 1.81 | $ | 5.78 | $ | 5.18 | ||||||
Earnings per share attributable to 3M common | ||||||||||||||
shareholders – diluted | $ | 1.98 | $ | 1.78 | $ | 5.67 | $ | 5.10 |
New Accounting Pronouncements
In March 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2013-05, Parent's Accounting for the Cumulative Translation Adjustment upon Derecognition of Certain Subsidiaries or Groups of Assets within a Foreign Entity or of an Investment in a Foreign Entity. This standard provides additional guidance with respect to the reclassification into income of the cumulative translation adjustment (CTA) recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income associated with a foreign entity of a parent company. The ASU differentiates between transactions occurring within a foreign entity and transactions/events affecting an investment in a foreign entity. For transactions within a foreign entity, the full CTA associated with the foreign entity would be reclassified into income only when the sale of a subsidiary or group of net assets within the foreign entity represents the substantially complete liquidation of that foreign entity. For transactions/events affecting an investment in a foreign entity (for example, control or ownership of shares in a foreign entity), the full CTA associated with the foreign entity would be reclassified into income only if the parent no longer has a controlling interest in that foreign entity as a result of the transaction/event. In addition, acquisitions of a foreign entity completed in stages will trigger release of the CTA associated with an equity method investment in that entity at the point a controlling interest in the foreign entity is obtained. For 3M, this ASU was effective prospectively beginning January 1, 2014. This ASU had no immediate impact on 3M's consolidated results of operations and financial condition as the Company had no event/transaction as described above.
In April 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-08, Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity, which changes the criteria for determining which disposals can be presented as discontinued operations and modifies related disclosure requirements. This standard will have the impact of reducing the frequency of disposals reported as discontinued operations, by requiring such a disposal to represent a strategic shift that has or will have a major effect on an entity's operations and financial results. However, existing provisions that prohibit an entity from reporting a discontinued operation if it has certain continuing cash flows or involvement with the component after disposal are eliminated by this standard. The ASU also expands the disclosures for discontinued operations and requires new disclosures related to individually significant disposals that do not qualify as discontinued operations. For 3M, this ASU is effective prospectively beginning January 1, 2015. Early adoption is, however, permitted. This ASU would impact 3M's consolidated results of operations and financial condition only in the instance of a disposal as described above.
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which provides a single comprehensive model to be used in the accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The standard's stated core principle is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To achieve this core principle the ASU includes provisions within a five step model that includes identifying the contract with a customer, identifying the performance obligations in the contract, determining the transaction price, allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations, and recognizing revenue when (or as) an entity satisfies a performance obligation. The standard also specifies the accounting for some costs to obtain or fulfill a contract with a customer and requires expanded disclosures about revenue recognition. The standard provides for either full retrospective adoption or a modified retrospective adoption by which it is applied only to the most current period presented. For 3M, this ASU is effective January 1, 2017. The Company is currently assessing this ASU's impact on 3M's consolidated results of operations and financial condition.
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NOTE 2. Acquisitions and Divestitures
3M makes acquisitions of certain businesses from time to time that the Company feels align with its strategic intent with respect to, among other factors, growth markets and adjacent product lines or technologies. Goodwill resulting from business combinations is largely attributable to the existing workforce of the acquired businesses and synergies expected to arise after 3M's acquisition of these businesses. In addition to business combinations, 3M periodically acquires certain tangible and/or intangible assets and purchases interests in certain enterprises that do not otherwise qualify for accounting as business combinations. These transactions are largely reflected as additional asset purchase and investment activity.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2014, the purchase price paid for business combinations (net of cash acquired) was $94 million, which related to 3M's acquisition of Treo Solutions LLC (discussed below).
In April 2014, 3M (Health Care Business) purchased all of the outstanding equity interests of Treo Solutions LLC, headquartered in Troy, New York. Treo Solutions LLC is a provider of data analytics and business intelligence to healthcare payers and providers.
Purchased identifiable finite-lived intangible assets related to the acquisition which closed in the first nine months ended of 2014 totaled $34 million and will be amortized on a straight-line basis over a weighted-average life of six years (lives ranging from three to 10 years). Acquired in-process research and development and identifiable intangible assets for which significant assumed renewals or extensions of underlying arrangements impacted the determination of their useful lives were not material. Pro forma information related to acquisitions was not included because the impact on the Company's consolidated results of operations was not considered to be material.
Refer to Note 2 in 3M's Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 15, 2014 (which updated 3M's 2013 Annual Report on Form 10-K) for information on 3M's 2011 through 2013 acquisitions and divestitures.
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NOTE 3. Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Purchased goodwill related to the acquisition which closed during the first nine months of 2014 totaled $65 million, none of which is deductible for tax purposes. The amounts in the “Translation and other” column in the following table primarily relate to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The goodwill balances by business segment as of December 31, 2013 and September 30, 2014, are as follows:
Goodwill
December 31, 2013 | Acquisition | Translation | September 30, 2014 | |||||||||
(Millions) | Balance | activity | and other | Balance | ||||||||
Industrial | $ | 2,166 | $ | ― | $ | (66) | $ | 2,100 | ||||
Safety and Graphics | 1,740 | ― | (48) | 1,692 | ||||||||
Electronics and Energy | 1,612 | ― | (31) | 1,581 | ||||||||
Health Care | 1,596 | 65 | (44) | 1,617 | ||||||||
Consumer | 231 | ― | (8) | 223 | ||||||||
Total Company | $ | 7,345 | $ | 65 | $ | (197) | $ | 7,213 |
Accounting standards require that goodwill be tested for impairment annually and between annual tests in certain circumstances such as a change in reporting units or the testing of recoverability of a significant asset group within a reporting unit. At 3M, reporting units generally correspond to a division.
As discussed in Note 13, effective in the first quarter of 2014, the Company transferred a product line between divisions within different business segments and in both the first and second quarters of 2014 made other changes within business segments in its continuing effort to improve the alignment of its businesses around markets and customers. For any product moves that resulted in reporting unit changes, the Company applied the relative fair value method to determine the impact on goodwill of the associated reporting units. During the first and second quarters of 2014, the Company completed its assessment of any potential goodwill impairment for reporting units impacted by this new structure and determined that no impairment existed.
Acquired Intangible Assets
For the nine months ended September 30, 2014, changes in foreign currency exchange rates decreased the gross carrying amount of intangible assets, with this impact partially offset by gross intangible assets (excluding goodwill) acquired through business combinations. The carrying amount and accumulated amortization of acquired finite-lived intangible assets, in addition to the balance of non-amortizable intangible assets, as of September 30, 2014, and December 31, 2013, follow:
September 30, | December 31, | ||||||
(Millions) | 2014 | 2013 | |||||
Customer related intangible assets | $ | 1,375 | $ | 1,411 | |||
Patents | 590 | 602 | |||||
Other technology-based intangible assets | 415 | 406 | |||||
Definite-lived tradenames | 405 | 411 | |||||
Other amortizable intangible assets | 223 | 217 | |||||
Total gross carrying amount | $ | 3,008 | $ | 3,047 | |||
Accumulated amortization — customer related | (577) | (514) | |||||
Accumulated amortization — patents | (473) | (458) | |||||
Accumulated amortization — other technology-based | (210) | (179) | |||||
Accumulated amortization — definite-lived tradenames | (191) | (178) | |||||
Accumulated amortization — other | (166) | (159) | |||||
Total accumulated amortization | $ | (1,617) | $ | (1,488) | |||
Total finite-lived intangible assets — net | $ | 1,391 | $ | 1,559 | |||
Non-amortizable intangible assets (primarily tradenames) | 125 | 129 | |||||
Total intangible assets — net | $ | 1,516 | $ | 1,688 |
Amortization expense for acquired intangible assets for the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 follows: | ||||||||||||
Three months ended | Nine months ended | |||||||||||
September 30, | September 30, | |||||||||||
(Millions) | 2014 | 2013 | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||||
Amortization expense | $ | 56 | $ | 59 | $ | 170 | $ | 179 |
The table below shows expected amortization expense for acquired amortizable intangible assets recorded as of September 30, 2014: | |||||||||||||||||||||
(Millions) | Remainder | ||||||||||||||||||||
of | After | ||||||||||||||||||||
2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||
Amortization expense | $ | 53 | $ | 202 | $ | 189 | $ | 174 | $ | 157 | $ | 145 | $ | 471 |
The expected amortization expense is an estimate. Actual amounts of amortization expense may differ from estimated amounts due to additional intangible asset acquisitions, changes in foreign currency exchange rates, impairment of intangible assets, accelerated amortization of intangible assets and other events. 3M expenses the costs incurred to renew or extend the term of intangible assets.
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NOTE 4. Supplemental Equity and Comprehensive Income Information
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity
Three months ended September 30, 2014 | 3M Company Shareholders | ||||||||||||||||||
(Millions) | Total | Common Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Treasury Stock | Accumulated Other Comprehen-sive Income (Loss) | Non-controlling Interest | |||||||||||||
Balance at June 30, 2014 | $ | 17,846 | $ | 4,650 | $ | 33,836 | $ | (17,466) | $ | (3,666) | $ | 492 | |||||||
Net income | 1,311 | 1,303 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: | |||||||||||||||||||
Cumulative translation adjustment | (603) | (593) | (10) | ||||||||||||||||
Defined benefit pension and post-retirement | |||||||||||||||||||
plans adjustment | 59 | 59 | ― | ||||||||||||||||
Debt and equity securities - unrealized gain (loss) | (1) | (1) | ― | ||||||||||||||||
Cash flow hedging instruments - unrealized | |||||||||||||||||||
gain (loss) | 68 | 68 | ― | ||||||||||||||||
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net | |||||||||||||||||||
of tax | (477) | ||||||||||||||||||
Dividends declared | (550) | (550) | |||||||||||||||||
Purchase of subsidiary shares | (865) | (433) | 25 | (457) | |||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation, net of tax impacts | 69 | 69 | |||||||||||||||||
Reacquired stock | (1,283) | (1,283) | |||||||||||||||||
Issuances pursuant to stock option and | |||||||||||||||||||
benefit plans | 155 | (105) | 260 | ||||||||||||||||
Balance at September 30, 2014 | $ | 16,206 | $ | 4,286 | $ | 34,484 | $ | (18,489) | $ | (4,108) | $ | 33 | |||||||
Nine months ended September 30, 2014 | 3M Company Shareholders | ||||||||||||||||||
(Millions) | Total | Common Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Treasury Stock | Accumulated Other Comprehen-sive Income (Loss) | Non-controlling Interest | |||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2013 | $ | 17,948 | $ | 4,384 | $ | 32,416 | $ | (15,385) | $ | (3,913) | $ | 446 | |||||||
Net income | 3,819 | 3,777 | 42 | ||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: | |||||||||||||||||||
Cumulative translation adjustment | (456) | (462) | 6 | ||||||||||||||||
Defined benefit pension and post-retirement | |||||||||||||||||||
plans adjustment | 180 | 180 | ― | ||||||||||||||||
Debt and equity securities - unrealized gain (loss) | 1 | 1 | ― | ||||||||||||||||
Cash flow hedging instruments - unrealized | |||||||||||||||||||
gain (loss) | 61 | 61 | ― | ||||||||||||||||
Total other comprehensive income (loss), | |||||||||||||||||||
net of tax | (214) | ||||||||||||||||||
Dividends declared | (1,105) | (1,105) | |||||||||||||||||
Purchase of subsidiary shares | (870) | (434) | 25 | (461) | |||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation, net of tax impacts | 336 | 336 | |||||||||||||||||
Reacquired stock | (4,438) | (4,438) | |||||||||||||||||
Issuances pursuant to stock option and | |||||||||||||||||||
benefit plans | 730 | (604) | 1,334 | ||||||||||||||||
Balance at September 30, 2014 | $ | 16,206 | $ | 4,286 | $ | 34,484 | $ | (18,489) | $ | (4,108) | $ | 33 |
Three months ended September 30, 2013 | 3M Company Shareholders | ||||||||||||||||||
(Millions) | Total | Common Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Treasury Stock | Accumulated Other Comprehen-sive Income (Loss) | Non-controlling Interest | |||||||||||||
Balance at June 30, 2013 | $ | 18,319 | $ | 4,252 | $ | 31,716 | $ | (12,926) | $ | (5,166) | $ | 443 | |||||||
Net income | 1,245 | 1,230 | 15 | ||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: | |||||||||||||||||||
Cumulative translation adjustment | 284 | 286 | (2) | ||||||||||||||||
Defined benefit pension and post-retirement | |||||||||||||||||||
plans adjustment | 92 | 92 | ― | ||||||||||||||||
Debt and equity securities - unrealized gain (loss) | 2 | 2 | ― | ||||||||||||||||
Cash flow hedging instruments - unrealized | |||||||||||||||||||
gain (loss) | (24) | (24) | ― | ||||||||||||||||
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net | |||||||||||||||||||
of tax | 354 | ||||||||||||||||||
Dividends declared | (431) | (431) | |||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation, net of tax impacts | 66 | 66 | |||||||||||||||||
Reacquired stock | (1,570) | (1,570) | |||||||||||||||||
Issuances pursuant to stock option and | |||||||||||||||||||
benefit plans | 269 | (103) | 372 | ||||||||||||||||
Balance at September 30, 2013 | $ | 18,252 | $ | 4,318 | $ | 32,412 | $ | (14,124) | $ | (4,810) | $ | 456 | |||||||
Nine months ended September 30, 2013 | 3M Company Shareholders | ||||||||||||||||||
(Millions) | Total | Common Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Treasury Stock | Accumulated Other Comprehen-sive Income (Loss) | Non-controlling Interest | |||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2012 | $ | 18,040 | $ | 4,053 | $ | 30,679 | $ | (12,407) | $ | (4,750) | $ | 465 | |||||||
Net income | 3,605 | 3,556 | 49 | ||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: | |||||||||||||||||||
Cumulative translation adjustment | (393) | (334) | (59) | ||||||||||||||||
Defined benefit pension and post-retirement | |||||||||||||||||||
plans adjustment | 268 | 268 | ― | ||||||||||||||||
Debt and equity securities - unrealized gain (loss) | (2) | (2) | ― | ||||||||||||||||
Cash flow hedging instruments - unrealized | |||||||||||||||||||
gain (loss) | 8 | 8 | ― | ||||||||||||||||
Total other comprehensive income (loss), | |||||||||||||||||||
net of tax | (119) | ||||||||||||||||||
Dividends declared | (1,307) | (1,307) | |||||||||||||||||
Sale of subsidiary shares | 8 | 7 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation, net of tax impacts | 258 | 258 | |||||||||||||||||
Reacquired stock | (3,609) | (3,609) | |||||||||||||||||
Issuances pursuant to stock option and | |||||||||||||||||||
benefit plans | 1,376 | (516) | 1,892 | ||||||||||||||||
Balance at September 30, 2013 | $ | 18,252 | $ | 4,318 | $ | 32,412 | $ | (14,124) | $ | (4,810) | $ | 456 |
3M has historically declared and paid dividends in the same quarter. In December 2013, 3M's Board of Directors declared a first-quarter 2014 dividend of $0.855 per share (paid in March 2014). This reduced 3M's stockholders equity and increased other current liabilities as of December 31, 2013 by $567 million. This resulted in total year 2013 declared dividends of $3.395 per share, with $2.54 per share paid in 2013 and the additional $0.855 per share paid in March 2014.
Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to 3M by Component | ||||||||||||||||||
Three months ended September 30, 2014 | ||||||||||||||||||
(Millions) | Cumulative Translation Adjustment | Defined Benefit Pension and Postretirement Plans Adjustment | Debt and Equity Securities, Unrealized Gain (Loss) | Cash Flow Hedging Instruments, Unrealized Gain (Loss) | Total Accumulated Other Comprehen-sive Income (Loss) | |||||||||||||
Balance at June 30, 2014, net of tax | $ | (57) | $ | (3,594) | $ | ― | $ | (15) | $ | (3,666) | ||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss), | ||||||||||||||||||
before tax: | ||||||||||||||||||
Amounts before reclassifications | (537) | ― | (1) | 98 | (440) | |||||||||||||
Amounts reclassified out | ― | 89 | ― | 9 | 98 | |||||||||||||
Total other comprehensive income (loss), | ||||||||||||||||||
before tax | (537) | 89 | (1) | 107 | (342) | |||||||||||||
Tax effect | (56) | (30) | ― | (39) | (125) | |||||||||||||
Total other comprehensive income (loss), | ||||||||||||||||||
net of tax | (593) | 59 | (1) | 68 | (467) | |||||||||||||
Impact from purchase of subsidiary shares | 41 | (16) | ― | ― | 25 | |||||||||||||
Balance at September 30, 2014, net of tax | $ | (609) | $ | (3,551) | $ | (1) | $ | 53 | $ | (4,108) | ||||||||
Nine months ended September 30, 2014 | ||||||||||||||||||
(Millions) | Cumulative Translation Adjustment | Defined Benefit Pension and Postretirement Plans Adjustment | Debt and Equity Securities, Unrealized Gain (Loss) | Cash Flow Hedging Instruments, Unrealized Gain (Loss) | Total Accumulated Other Comprehen-sive Income (Loss) | |||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2013, net of tax | $ | (188) | $ | (3,715) | $ | (2) | $ | (8) | $ | (3,913) | ||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss), | ||||||||||||||||||
before tax: | ||||||||||||||||||
Amounts before reclassifications | (403) | ― | 2 | 86 | (315) | |||||||||||||
Amounts reclassified out | ― | 272 | ― | 8 | 280 | |||||||||||||
Total other comprehensive income (loss), | ||||||||||||||||||
before tax | (403) | 272 | 2 | 94 | (35) | |||||||||||||
Tax effect | (59) | (92) | (1) | (33) | (185) | |||||||||||||
Total other comprehensive income (loss), | ||||||||||||||||||
net of tax | (462) | 180 | 1 | 61 | (220) | |||||||||||||
Impact from purchase of subsidiary shares | 41 | (16) | ― | ― | 25 | |||||||||||||
Balance at September 30, 2014, net of tax | $ | (609) | $ | (3,551) | $ | (1) | $ | 53 | $ | (4,108) |
Three months ended September 30, 2013 | ||||||||||||||||||
(Millions) | Cumulative Translation Adjustment | Defined Benefit Pension and Postretirement Plans Adjustment | Debt and Equity Securities, Unrealized Gain (Loss) | Cash Flow Hedging Instruments, Unrealized Gain (Loss) | Total Accumulated Other Comprehen-sive Income (Loss) | |||||||||||||
Balance at June 30, 2013, net of tax | $ | (390) | $ | (4,779) | $ | (6) | $ | 9 | $ | (5,166) | ||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss), | ||||||||||||||||||
before tax: | ||||||||||||||||||
Amounts before reclassifications | 240 | ― | 3 | 5 | 248 | |||||||||||||
Amounts reclassified out | ― | 144 | ― | (43) | 101 | |||||||||||||
Total other comprehensive income (loss), | ||||||||||||||||||
before tax | 240 | 144 | 3 | (38) | 349 | |||||||||||||
Tax effect | 46 | (52) | (1) | 14 | 7 | |||||||||||||
Total other comprehensive income (loss), | ||||||||||||||||||
net of tax | 286 | 92 | 2 | (24) | 356 | |||||||||||||
Balance at September 30, 2013, net of tax | $ | (104) | $ | (4,687) | $ | (4) | $ | (15) | $ | (4,810) | ||||||||
Nine months ended September 30, 2013 | ||||||||||||||||||
(Millions) | Cumulative Translation Adjustment | Defined Benefit Pension and Postretirement Plans Adjustment | Debt and Equity Securities, Unrealized Gain (Loss) | Cash Flow Hedging Instruments, Unrealized Gain (Loss) | Total Accumulated Other Comprehen-sive Income (Loss) | |||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2012, net of tax | $ | 230 | $ | (4,955) | $ | (2) | $ | (23) | $ | (4,750) | ||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss), | ||||||||||||||||||
before tax: | ||||||||||||||||||
Amounts before reclassifications | (344) | ― | (3) | (109) | (456) | |||||||||||||
Amounts reclassified out | ― | 431 | ― | 121 | 552 | |||||||||||||
Total other comprehensive income (loss), | ||||||||||||||||||
before tax | (344) | 431 | (3) | 12 | 96 | |||||||||||||
Tax effect | 10 | (163) | 1 | (4) | (156) | |||||||||||||
Total other comprehensive income (loss), | ||||||||||||||||||
net of tax | (334) | 268 | (2) | 8 | (60) | |||||||||||||
Balance at September 30, 2013, net of tax | $ | (104) | $ | (4,687) | $ | (4) | $ | (15) | $ | (4,810) |
Income taxes are not provided for foreign translation relating to permanent investments in international subsidiaries, but tax effects within cumulative translation does include impacts from items such as net investment hedge transactions. Reclassification adjustments are made to avoid double counting in comprehensive income items that are also recorded as part of net income.
The previously reported before-tax amounts of other comprehensive income before reclassifications and amounts reclassified out of other comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 relative to foreign currency forward contracts in the table above and below were impacted by the immaterial revisions discussed in Note 9.
Reclassifications out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Attributable to 3M | |||||||||||||||
Amount Reclassified from | |||||||||||||||
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | |||||||||||||||
(Millions) | Three months ended September 30, | Nine months ended September 30, | Location on Income Statement | ||||||||||||
Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Components | 2014 | 2013 | 2014 | 2013 | |||||||||||
Gains (losses) associated with, defined benefit pension and postretirement plans amortization | |||||||||||||||
Transition asset | $ | 1 | $ | ― | $ | 1 | $ | 1 | See Note 8 | ||||||
Prior service benefit | 15 | 19 | 45 | 59 | See Note 8 | ||||||||||
Net actuarial loss | (105) | (163) | (318) | (491) | See Note 8 | ||||||||||
Total before tax | (89) | (144) | (272) | (431) | |||||||||||
Tax effect | 30 | 52 | 92 | 163 | Provision for income taxes | ||||||||||
Net of tax | $ | (59) | $ | (92) | $ | (180) | $ | (268) | |||||||
Debt and equity security gains (losses) | |||||||||||||||
Sales or impairments of securities | $ | ― | $ | ― | $ | ― | $ | ― | Selling, general and administrative expenses | ||||||
Total before tax | ― | ― | ― | ― | |||||||||||
Tax effect | ― | ― | ― | ― | Provision for income taxes | ||||||||||
Net of tax | $ | ― | $ | ― | $ | ― | $ | ― | |||||||
Cash flow hedging instruments gains (losses) | |||||||||||||||
Foreign currency forward/option contracts | $ | (7) | $ | 1 | $ | (9) | $ | (8) | Cost of sales | ||||||
Foreign currency forward contracts | ― | 44 | ― | (111) | Interest expense | ||||||||||
Commodity price swap contracts | (1) | (1) | 2 | (1) | Cost of sales | ||||||||||
Interest rate swap contracts | (1) | (1) | (1) | (1) | Interest expense | ||||||||||
Total before tax | (9) | 43 | (8) | (121) | |||||||||||
Tax effect | 3 | (15) | 3 | 44 | Provision for income taxes | ||||||||||
Net of tax | $ | (6) | $ | 28 | $ | (5) | $ | (77) | |||||||
Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax | $ | (65) | $ | (64) | $ | (185) | $ | (345) |
Purchase and Sale of Subsidiary Shares
On September 1, 2014, 3M (via Sumitomo 3M Limited) acquired Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.'s 25 percent interest in 3M's consolidated Sumitomo 3M Limited subsidiary for 90 billion Japanese Yen (approximately $865 million at closing date exchange rates). Upon completion of the transaction, 3M owned 100 percent of Sumitomo 3M Limited. Approximately $694 million was recorded as a financing activity in the statement of cash flows while the remainder was recorded as a current liability (paid in October 2014). This purchase of the remaining noncontrolling interest resulted in a decrease in 3M Company shareholder's equity of $408 million and a decrease in noncontrolling interest equity of $457 million.
In April 2014, 3M purchased the remaining noncontrolling interest in a consolidated 3M subsidiary for an immaterial amount, which was classified as a financing activity in the consolidated statement of cash flows.
The following table summarizes the effects of these 2014 transactions on equity attributable to 3M Company shareholders for the respective periods.
(Millions) | Three months ended September 30, 2014 | Nine months ended September 30, 2014 | |||||
Net income attributable to 3M | $ | 1,303 | $ | 3,777 | |||
Impact of purchase of subsidiary shares | (408) | (409) | |||||
Change in 3M Company shareholders' equity from net income | |||||||
attributable to 3M and impact of purchase of subsidiary shares | $ | 895 | $ | 3,368 |
In March 2013, 3M sold shares in 3M India Limited, a subsidiary of the Company, in return for $8 million. The noncontrolling interest shares of this subsidiary trade on a public exchange in India. This sale of shares complied with an amendment to Indian securities regulations that required 3M India Limited, as a listed company, to achieve a minimum public shareholding of at least 25 percent. As a result of this transaction, 3M's ownership in 3M India Limited was reduced from 76 percent to 75 percent. The $8 million received in the first quarter of 2013 was classified as other financing activity in the consolidated statement of cash flows. Because the Company retained its controlling interest, the sales resulted in an increase in 3M Company shareholder's equity of $7 million and an increase in noncontrolling interest of $1 million.
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NOTE 5. Income Taxes
The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, and various states and foreign jurisdictions. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local, or non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2005.
The IRS completed its field examination of the Company's U.S. federal income tax returns for the years 2005 through 2007 in the fourth quarter of 2009. The Company protested certain IRS positions within these tax years and entered into the administrative appeals process with the IRS during the first quarter of 2010. During the first quarter of 2010, the IRS completed its field examination of the Company's U.S. federal income tax return for the 2008 year. The Company protested certain IRS positions for 2008 and entered into the administrative appeals process with the IRS during the second quarter of 2010. During the first quarter of 2011, the IRS completed its field examination of the Company's U.S. federal income tax return for the 2009 year. The Company protested certain IRS positions for 2009 and entered into the administrative appeals process with the IRS during the second quarter of 2011. During the first quarter of 2012, the IRS completed its field examination of the Company's U.S. federal income tax return for the 2010 year. The Company protested certain IRS positions for 2010 and entered into the administrative appeals process with the IRS during the second quarter of 2012. In December 2012, the Company received a statutory notice of deficiency for the 2006 year. The Company filed a petition in Tax Court in the first quarter of 2013 relating to the 2006 tax year. During the first quarter of 2014, the IRS completed its field examination of the Company's U.S. federal income tax return for the 2011 and 2012 years. The Company protested certain IRS positions for 2011 and 2012 and entered into the administrative appeals process with the IRS during the first quarter of 2014.
Currently, the Company is under examination by the IRS for its U.S. federal income tax returns for the years 2013 and 2014. It is anticipated that the IRS will complete its examination of the Company for 2013 by the end of the first quarter of 2015 and for 2014 by the end of the first quarter of 2016. As of September 30, 2014, the IRS has not proposed any significant adjustments to the Company's tax positions for any open tax years for which the Company is not adequately reserved.
During the first quarter of 2010, the Company paid the agreed upon assessments for the 2005 tax year. During the second quarter of 2010, the Company paid the agreed upon assessments for the 2008 tax year. During the second quarter of 2011, the Company received a refund from the IRS for the 2004 tax year. During the first quarter of 2012, the Company paid the agreed upon assessments for the 2010 tax year. During the first quarter of 2014, the Company received refunds from the IRS for the 2005, 2007, 2008, and 2009 tax years. In addition, during the first quarter of 2014, the Company paid the agreed upon assessments for the 2011 and 2012 tax years. Payments or refunds relating to other proposed assessments arising from the 2005 through 2014 examinations may not be made until a final agreement is reached between the Company and the IRS on such assessments or upon a final resolution resulting from the administrative appeals process or judicial action. In addition to the U.S. federal examination, there is also limited audit activity in several U.S. state and foreign jurisdictions.
3M anticipates changes to the Company's uncertain tax positions due to the closing of various audit years mentioned above. Currently, the Company is not able to reasonably estimate the amount by which the liability for unrecognized tax benefits will increase or decrease during the next 12 months as a result of the ongoing income tax authority examinations. The total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively, are $238 million and $262 million.
The Company recognizes interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in tax expense. The Company recognized in the consolidated statement of income on a gross basis approximately $1 million of benefit and $7 million of expense for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and September 30, 2013, respectively, and approximately $14 million in benefit and $12 million of expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and September 30, 2013, respectively. At September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, accrued interest and penalties in the consolidated balance sheet on a gross basis were $43 million and $62 million, respectively. Included in these interest and penalty amounts are interest and penalties related to tax positions for which the ultimate deductibility is highly certain but for which there is uncertainty about the timing of such deductibility. Because of the impact of deferred tax accounting, other than interest and penalties, the disallowance of the shorter deductibility period would not affect the annual effective tax rate but would accelerate the payment of cash to the taxing authority to an earlier period.
The effective tax rate for the third quarter of 2014 was 30.3 percent, compared to 27.4 percent in the third quarter of 2013, an increase of 2.9 percentage points. Factors that increased the Company's effective tax rate on a combined basis by 3.3 percentage points year-on-year included a one-time international tax impact related to the establishment of the distribution center of expertise in Europe, increased domestic manufacturer's deduction in 2013, the 2013 restoration of tax basis on certain assets for which depreciation was previously limited, lapse of the U.S. research and development credit as of January 1, 2014, adjustments to the Company's income tax reserves, and other items. Factors that decreased the Company's effective tax rate on a combined basis by 0.4 percentage points year-on-year included international taxes as a result of changes to the geographic mix of income before taxes.
The effective tax rate for the first nine months of 2014 was 29.1 percent, compared to 28.0 percent in the first nine months of 2013, an increase of 1.1 percentage points. Factors which increased the Company's effective tax rate by 1.7 percentage points for the first nine months of 2014 when compared to the same period for 2013 included the lapse of the U.S. research and development credit as of January 1, 2014, adjustments to the Company's income tax reserves, increased domestic manufacturer's deduction in 2013, the 2013 restoration of tax basis on certain assets for which depreciation was previously limited, a one-time international tax impact related to the establishment of the distribution center of expertise in Europe, and other items. This increase was partially offset by a 0.6 percentage point decrease in international taxes as a result of changes to the geographic mix of income before taxes.
The provision for income taxes is determined using the asset and liability approach. Under this approach, deferred income taxes represent the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and tax basis of assets and liabilities. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce its deferred tax assets when uncertainty regarding their realizability exists. As of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the Company had valuation allowances of $30 million and $23 million on its deferred tax assets, respectively.
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NOTE 6. Marketable Securities
The Company invests in agency securities, corporate securities, asset-backed securities, treasury securities and other securities. The following is a summary of amounts recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet for marketable securities (current and non-current).
September 30, | December 31, | ||||||
(Millions) | 2014 | 2013 | |||||
U.S. government agency securities | $ | 78 | $ | 103 | |||
Foreign government agency securities | 85 | 30 | |||||
Corporate debt securities | 250 | 143 | |||||
Commercial paper | 14 | 60 | |||||
Certificates of deposit/time deposits | 43 | 20 | |||||
U.S. municipal securities | ― | 2 | |||||
Asset-backed securities: | |||||||
Automobile loan related | 162 | 287 | |||||
Credit card related | 74 | 52 | |||||
Equipment lease related | 42 | 30 | |||||
Other | 19 | 29 | |||||
Asset-backed securities total | 297 | 398 | |||||
Current marketable securities | $ | 767 | $ | 756 | |||
U.S. government agency securities | $ | 70 | $ | 131 | |||
Foreign government agency securities | 20 | 95 | |||||
Corporate debt securities | 539 | 638 | |||||
Certificates of deposit/time deposits | ― | 20 | |||||
U.S. treasury securities | 49 | 49 | |||||
Auction rate securities | 12 | 11 | |||||
Asset-backed securities: | |||||||
Automobile loan related | 221 | 298 | |||||
Credit card related | 118 | 128 | |||||
Equipment lease related | 30 | 37 | |||||
Other | 46 | 46 | |||||
Asset-backed securities total | 415 | 509 | |||||
Non-current marketable securities | $ | 1,105 | $ | 1,453 | |||
Total marketable securities | $ | 1,872 | $ | 2,209 |
Classification of marketable securities as current or non-current is dependent upon management's intended holding period, the security's maturity date and liquidity considerations based on market conditions. If management intends to hold the securities for longer than one year as of the balance sheet date, they are classified as non-current. At September 30, 2014, gross unrealized losses totaled approximately $2 million (pre-tax), while gross unrealized gains totaled approximately $1 million (pre-tax). At December 31, 2013, gross unrealized losses totaled approximately $5 million (pre-tax), while gross unrealized gains totaled approximately $1 million (pre-tax). Refer to Note 4 for a table that provides the net realized gains (losses) related to sales or impairments of debt and equity securities, which includes marketable securities. The gross amounts of the realized gains or losses were not material. Cost of securities sold use the first in, first out (FIFO) method. Since these marketable securities are classified as available-for-sale securities, changes in fair value will flow through other comprehensive income, with amounts reclassified out of other comprehensive income into earnings upon sale or “other-than-temporary” impairment.
3M reviews impairments associated with its marketable securities in accordance with the measurement guidance provided by ASC 320, Investments-Debt and Equity Securities, when determining the classification of the impairment as “temporary” or “other-than-temporary”. A temporary impairment charge results in an unrealized loss being recorded in the other comprehensive income component of shareholders' equity. Such an unrealized loss does not reduce net income attributable to 3M for the applicable accounting period because the loss is not viewed as other-than-temporary. The factors evaluated to differentiate between temporary and other-than-temporary include the projected future cash flows, credit ratings actions, and assessment of the credit quality of the underlying collateral, as well as other factors.
The balances at September 30, 2014 for marketable securities by contractual maturity are shown below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because the issuers of the securities may have the right to prepay obligations without prepayment penalties.
(Millions) | September 30, 2014 | ||
Due in one year or less | $ | 427 | |
Due after one year through five years | 1,421 | ||
Due after five years through ten years | 24 | ||
Due after ten years | ― | ||
Total marketable securities | $ | 1,872 |
3M has a diversified marketable securities portfolio with a fair market value of $1.872 billion as of September 30, 2014. Within this portfolio, current and long-term asset-backed securities (estimated fair value of $712 million) primarily include interests in automobile loans, credit cards and equipment leases. 3M's investment policy allows investments in asset-backed securities with minimum credit ratings of Aa2 by Moody's Investors Service or AA by Standard & Poor's or Fitch Ratings or DBRS. Asset-backed securities must be rated by at least two of the aforementioned rating agencies, one of which must be Moody's Investors Service or Standard & Poor's. At September 30, 2014, all asset-backed security investments were in compliance with this policy. Approximately 96.0 percent of all asset-backed security investments were rated AAA or A-1+ by Standard & Poor's and/or Aaa or P-1 by Moody's Investors Service and/or AAA or F1+ by Fitch Ratings.
3M's marketable securities portfolio includes auction rate securities that represent interests in investment grade credit default swaps; however, currently these holdings comprise less than one percent of this portfolio. The estimated fair value of auction rate securities was $12 million at September 30, 2014 and $11 million at December 31, 2013. Gross unrealized losses within accumulated other comprehensive income related to auction rate securities totaled $1 million (pre-tax) at September 30, 2014 and $2 million (pre-tax) at December 31, 2013. As of September 30, 2014, auction rate securities associated with these balances have been in a loss position for more than 12 months. Since the second half of 2007, these auction rate securities failed to auction due to sell orders exceeding buy orders. Liquidity for these auction-rate securities is typically provided by an auction process that resets the applicable interest rate at pre-determined intervals, usually every 7, 28, 35, or 90 days. The funds associated with failed auctions will not be accessible until a successful auction occurs or a buyer is found outside of the auction process. Refer to Note 10 for a table that reconciles the beginning and ending balances of auction rate securities.
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NOTE 7. Long-Term Debt and Short-Term Borrowings
The Company has a “well-known seasoned issuer” shelf registration statement, effective May 16, 2014, which registers an indeterminate amount of debt or equity securities for future sales. This replaced 3M's previous shelf registration dated August 5, 2011. In June 2014, in connection with the May 16, 2014 shelf registration, 3M re-commenced its medium-term notes program (Series F) under which 3M may issue, from time to time, up to $9 billion aggregate principal amount of notes. Included in this $9 billion are $2.25 billion of notes previously issued in 2011 and 2012 as part of Series F. In June 2014, 3M issued $625 million aggregate principal amount of five-year fixed rate medium-term notes due 2019 with a coupon rate of 1.625%. Upon debt issuance, the Company entered into an interest rate swap to convert $600 million of this amount to an interest rate based on a floating LIBOR index. In addition, in June 2014, 3M issued $325 million aggregate principal amount of thirty-year fixed rate medium-term notes due 2044 with a coupon rate of 3.875%. Both June 2014 debt issuances were from the medium-term notes program (Series F).
In July 2014, 3M repaid 1.025 billion Euros of maturing Eurobond notes. In August 2014, 3M amended and extended the existing $1.5 billion five-year revolving credit facility expiring in September 2017 to a $2.25 billion five-year agreement expiring in August 2019. This credit agreement includes a provision under which 3M may request an increase of up to $2.25 billion, bringing the total facility up to $4.5 billion (at the lender's discretion). This revolving credit facility is undrawn at September 30, 2014. Under the $2.25 billion credit agreement, the Company is required to maintain its EBITDA to Interest Ratio as of the end of each fiscal quarter at not less than 3.0 to 1. This is calculated (as defined in the agreement) as the ratio of consolidated total EBITDA for the four consecutive quarters then ended to total interest expense on all funded debt for the same period. At September 30, 2014, this ratio was approximately 59 to 1. Debt covenants do not restrict the payment of dividends.
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NOTE 8. Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans
Net periodic benefit cost is recorded in cost of sales, selling, general and administrative expenses, and research, development and related expenses. Components of net periodic benefit cost and other supplemental information for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 follow:
Benefit Plan Information
Three months ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||
Qualified and Non-qualified | |||||||||||||||||||
Pension Benefits | Postretirement | ||||||||||||||||||
United States | International | Benefits | |||||||||||||||||
(Millions) | 2014 | 2013 | 2014 | 2013 | 2014 | 2013 | |||||||||||||
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit) | |||||||||||||||||||
Service cost | $ | 60 | $ | 64 | $ | 36 | $ | 37 | $ | 16 | $ | 20 | |||||||
Interest cost | 169 | 150 | 65 | 61 | 24 | 22 | |||||||||||||
Expected return on plan assets | (261) | (262) | (79) | (75) | (22) | (22) | |||||||||||||
Amortization of transition (asset) obligation | ― | ― | (1) | ― | ― | ― | |||||||||||||
Amortization of prior service cost (benefit) | 1 | 1 | (4) | (4) | (12) | (16) | |||||||||||||
Amortization of net actuarial (gain) loss | 60 | 100 | 31 | 39 | 14 | 24 | |||||||||||||
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit) | $ | 29 | $ | 53 | $ | 48 | $ | 58 | $ | 20 | $ | 28 | |||||||
Settlements, curtailments, special termination benefits and other | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | |||||||||||||
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit) after settlements, curtailments, | |||||||||||||||||||
special termination benefits and other | $ | 29 | $ | 53 | $ | 48 | $ | 58 | $ | 20 | $ | 28 | |||||||
Nine months ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||
Qualified and Non-qualified | |||||||||||||||||||
Pension Benefits | Postretirement | ||||||||||||||||||
United States | International | Benefits | |||||||||||||||||
(Millions) | 2014 | 2013 | 2014 | 2013 | 2014 | 2013 | |||||||||||||
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit) | |||||||||||||||||||
Service cost | $ | 180 | $ | 192 | $ | 107 | $ | 109 | $ | 49 | $ | 60 | |||||||
Interest cost | 507 | 449 | 194 | 183 | 72 | 66 | |||||||||||||
Expected return on plan assets | (783) | (784) | (238) | (225) | (67) | (67) | |||||||||||||
Amortization of transition (asset) obligation | ― | ― | (1) | (1) | ― | ― | |||||||||||||
Amortization of prior service cost (benefit) | 3 | 3 | (12) | (13) | (36) | (49) | |||||||||||||
Amortization of net actuarial (gain) loss | 182 | 300 | 93 | 119 | 43 | 72 | |||||||||||||
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit) | $ | 89 | $ | 160 | $ | 143 | $ | 172 | $ | 61 | $ | 82 | |||||||
Settlements, curtailments, special termination benefits and other | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | |||||||||||||
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit) after settlements, curtailments, | |||||||||||||||||||
special termination benefits and other | $ | 89 | $ | 160 | $ | 143 | $ | 172 | $ | 61 | $ | 82 |
For the nine months ended September 30, 2014, contributions totaling $107 million were made to the Company's U.S. and international pension plans and $5 million to its postretirement plans. For total year 2014, the Company expects to contribute approximately $200 million of cash to its global pension and postretirement plans. The Company does not have a required minimum cash pension contribution obligation for its U.S. plans in 2014. Therefore, the amount of future discretionary pension contributions could vary significantly depending on the U.S. plans' funded status and the anticipated tax deductibility of the contributions. Future contributions will also depend on market conditions, interest rates and other factors. 3M's annual measurement date for pension and postretirement assets and liabilities is December 31 each year, which is also the date used for the related annual measurement assumptions.
In the third quarter of 2014, former U.S. employees who have a pension benefit for which they have not begun receiving payment (term vested) were offered a lump sum payout of their pension benefit. As a result of this action, the projected benefit obligation (PBO) liability is expected to be reduced in the fourth quarter of 2014 by $270 million, with the actual cash payout of approximately the same amount to be paid from the plan's assets in the fourth quarter of 2014. The PBO liability reduction is 34% of the term vested eligible PBO and a 2% reduction in the overall U.S. pension PBO liability based on the December 31, 2013 valuation. There is no pension expense impact as a result of this action on 3M's consolidated statement of income in 2014.
3M was informed during the first quarter of 2009 that the general partners of WG Trading Company, in which 3M's benefit plans hold limited partnership interests, are the subject of a criminal investigation as well as civil proceedings by the SEC and CFTC (Commodity Futures Trading Commission). In March 2011, over the objections of 3M and six other limited partners of WG Trading Company, the district court judge ruled in favor of the court appointed receiver's proposed distribution plan (and in April 2013, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit affirmed the district court's ruling). The benefit plan trustee holdings of WG Trading Company interests were adjusted to reflect the decreased estimated fair market value, inclusive of estimated insurance proceeds, as of the annual measurement dates. The Company has insurance that it believes, based on what is currently known, will result in the recovery of a portion of the decrease in original asset value. As of the 2013 measurement date these holdings represented less than one percent of 3M's fair value of total plan assets. 3M currently believes that the resolution of these events will not have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position of the Company.
In addition, the Company also sponsors employee savings plans under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code, as discussed in Note 10 in 3M's Form 8-K dated May 15, 2014 (which updated 3M's 2013 Annual Report on Form 10-K).
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NOTE 9. Derivatives
The Company uses interest rate swaps, currency swaps, commodity price swaps, and forward and option contracts to manage risks generally associated with foreign exchange rate, interest rate and commodity price fluctuations. The information that follows explains the various types of derivatives and financial instruments used by 3M, how and why 3M uses such instruments, how such instruments are accounted for, and how such instruments impact 3M's financial position and performance.
Additional information with respect to the impacts on other comprehensive income of nonderivative hedging and derivative instruments is included in Note 4. Additional information with respect to the fair value of derivative instruments is included in Note 10. References to information regarding derivatives and/or hedging instruments associated with the Company's long-term debt are also made in Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in 3M's Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 15, 2014 (which updated 3M's 2013 Annual Report on Form 10-K).
Types of Derivatives/Hedging Instruments and Inclusion in Income/Other Comprehensive Income
Cash Flow Hedges:
For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative is reported as a component of other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings in the same period during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Gains and losses on the derivative representing either hedge ineffectiveness or hedge components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness are recognized in current earnings.
Cash Flow Hedging - Foreign Currency Forward and Option Contracts: The Company enters into foreign exchange forward and option contracts to hedge against the effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash flows denominated in foreign currencies and certain intercompany financing transactions. These transactions are designated as cash flow hedges. The settlement or extension of these derivatives will result in reclassifications (from accumulated other comprehensive income) to earnings in the period during which the hedged transactions affect earnings. Generally, 3M dedesignates these cash flow hedge relationships in advance of the occurrence of the forecasted transaction. The portion of gains or losses on the derivative instrument previously accumulated in other comprehensive income for dedesignated hedges remains in accumulated other comprehensive income until the forecasted transaction occurs. Changes in the value of derivative instruments after dedesignation are recorded in earnings and are included in the Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments section below. Hedge ineffectiveness and the amount excluded from effectiveness testing recognized in income on cash flow hedges were not material for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013. Beginning in the second quarter of 2014 3M began extending the maximum length of time over which it hedges its exposure to the variability in future cash flows of the forecasted transactions from a previous term of 12 months to a longer term of 24 months. At September 30, 2014, the majority of the Company's open foreign exchange forward and option contracts had maturities of one year or less. The dollar equivalent gross notional amount of the Company's foreign exchange forward and option contracts designated as cash flow hedges at September 30, 2014 was approximately $2.2 billion.
Cash Flow Hedging - Commodity Price Management: The Company manages commodity price risks through negotiated supply contracts, price protection agreements and forward physical contracts. The Company uses commodity price swaps relative to natural gas as cash flow hedges of forecasted transactions to manage price volatility. The related mark-to-market gain or loss on qualifying hedges is included in other comprehensive income to the extent effective, and reclassified into cost of sales in the period during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Generally, the length of time over which 3M hedges its exposure to the variability in future cash flows for its forecasted natural gas transactions is 12 months. No significant commodity cash flow hedges were discontinued and hedge ineffectiveness was not material for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013. The dollar equivalent gross notional amount of the Company's natural gas commodity price swaps designated as cash flow hedges at September 30, 2014 was $22 million.
Cash Flow Hedging – Interest Rate Contracts: In August 2011, in anticipation of the September 2011 issuance of $1 billion in five-year fixed rate notes, 3M executed a pre-issuance cash flow hedge on a notional amount of $400 million by entering into a forward-starting five-year floating-to-fixed interest rate swap. Upon debt issuance in September 2011, 3M terminated the floating-to-fixed interest rate swap. The termination of the swap resulted in a $7 million pre-tax loss ($4 million after-tax) that is amortized over the five-year life of the note and, when material, is included in the tables below as part of the loss recognized in income on the effective portion of derivatives as a result of reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income.
In August 2014, the Company entered into forward starting interest rate swaps with notional amounts totaling 200 million Euros as a hedge against interest rate volatility associated with the forecast issuance of fixed rate debt for general corporate purposes. At the time of future debt issuance, 3M will terminate the forward starting interest rate swap and any resulting gain or loss will be amortized over the life of the associated debt.
As of September 30, 2014, the Company had a balance of $53 million associated with the after-tax net unrealized gain associated with cash flow hedging instruments recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income. This net gain includes a $2 million balance (loss) related to a floating-to-fixed interest rate swap (discussed in second preceding paragraph), which is being amortized over the five-year life of the note. 3M expects to reclassify a majority of the remaining balance to earnings over the next 12 months (with the impact offset by cash flows from underlying hedged items).
The location in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income and amounts of gains and losses related to derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges are provided in the following table. Reclassifications of amounts from accumulated other comprehensive income into income include accumulated gains (losses) on dedesignated hedges at the time earnings are impacted by the forecasted transaction.
The Company revised amounts previously presented in the tables below for the pretax gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive income on effective portion of derivative (“Gain Recognized in OCI”) and the pretax gain (loss) recognized in income on effective portion of derivative as a result of reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income (“Gain Reclassified into Income”) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 relative to foreign currency forward contracts. These immaterial corrections decreased both the previously presented amounts of the Gain Recognized in OCI and the Gain Reclassified into Income in the disclosure tables below by $15 million and $17 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively. The revisions had no impact on the Company's consolidated results of operations or financial condition.
Three months ended September 30, 2014 | |||||||||||||
(Millions) | Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income on Effective Portion of Derivative | Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Effective Portion of Derivative as a Result of Reclassification from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Ineffective Portion of Gain (Loss) on Derivative and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing Recognized in Income | ||||||||||
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships | Amount | Location | Amount | Location | Amount | ||||||||
Foreign currency forward/option contracts | $ | 103 | Cost of sales | $ | (7) | Cost of sales | $ | ― | |||||
Commodity price swap contracts | (3) | Cost of sales | (1) | Cost of sales | ― | ||||||||
Interest rate swap contracts | (2) | Interest expense | (1) | Interest expense | ― | ||||||||
Total | $ | 98 | $ | (9) | $ | ― |
Nine months ended September 30, 2014 | |||||||||||||
(Millions) | Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income on Effective Portion of Derivative | Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Effective Portion of Derivative as a Result of Reclassification from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Ineffective Portion of Gain (Loss) on Derivative and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing Recognized in Income | ||||||||||
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships | Amount | Location | Amount | Location | Amount | ||||||||
Foreign currency forward/option contracts | $ | 90 | Cost of sales | $ | (9) | Cost of sales | $ | ― | |||||
Commodity price swap contracts | (2) | Cost of sales | 2 | Cost of sales | ― | ||||||||
Interest rate swap contracts | (2) | Interest expense | (1) | Interest expense | ― | ||||||||
Total | $ | 86 | $ | (8) | $ | ― |
Three months ended September 30, 2013 | |||||||||||||
(Millions) | Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income on Effective Portion of Derivative | Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Effective Portion of Derivative as a Result of Reclassification from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Ineffective Portion of Gain (Loss) on Derivative and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing Recognized in Income | ||||||||||
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships | Amount | Location | Amount | Location | Amount | ||||||||
Foreign currency forward/option contracts | $ | (39) | Cost of sales | $ | 1 | Cost of sales | $ | ― | |||||
Foreign currency forward contracts | 44 | Interest expense | 44 | Interest expense | ― | ||||||||
Commodity price swap contracts | ― | Cost of sales | (1) | Cost of sales | ― | ||||||||
Interest rate swap contracts | ― | Interest expense | (1) | Interest expense | ― | ||||||||
Total | $ | 5 | $ | 43 | $ | ― |
Nine months ended September 30, 2013 | |||||||||||||
(Millions) | Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income on Effective Portion of Derivative | Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Effective Portion of Derivative as a Result of Reclassification from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Ineffective Portion of Gain (Loss) on Derivative and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing Recognized in Income | ||||||||||
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships | Amount | Location | Amount | Location | Amount | ||||||||
Foreign currency forward/option contracts | $ | 2 | Cost of sales | $ | (8) | Cost of sales | $ | ― | |||||
Foreign currency forward contracts | (110) | Interest expense | (111) | Interest expense | ― | ||||||||
Commodity price swap contracts | (1) | Cost of sales | (1) | Cost of sales | ― | ||||||||
Interest rate swap contracts | ― | Interest expense | (1) | Interest expense | ― | ||||||||
Total | $ | (109) | $ | (121) | $ | ― |
Fair Value Hedges:
For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as fair value hedges, the gain or loss on the derivatives as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in current earnings.
Fair Value Hedging - Interest Rate Swaps: The Company manages interest expense using a mix of fixed and floating rate debt. To help manage borrowing costs, the Company may enter into interest rate swaps. Under these arrangements, the Company agrees to exchange, at specified intervals, the difference between fixed and floating interest amounts calculated by reference to an agreed-upon notional principal amount. The mark-to-market of these fair value hedges is recorded as gains or losses in interest expense and is offset by the gain or loss of the underlying debt instrument, which also is recorded in interest expense. These fair value hedges are highly effective and, thus, there is no impact on earnings due to hedge ineffectiveness. The dollar equivalent (based on inception date foreign currency exchange rates) gross notional amount of the Company's interest rate swaps at September 30, 2014 was $1 billion.
At September 30, 2014, the Company had interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges of underlying fixed rate obligations. In July 2007, in connection with the issuance of a seven-year Eurobond for an amount of 750 million Euros, the Company completed a fixed-to-floating interest rate swap on a notional amount of 400 million Euros as a fair value hedge of a portion of the fixed interest rate Eurobond obligation. In August 2010, the Company terminated 150 million Euros of the notional amount of this swap. As a result, a gain of 18 million Euros, recorded as part of the balance of the underlying debt, was amortized as an offset to interest expense over this debt's remaining life. Prior to termination of the applicable portion of the interest rate swap, the mark-to-market of the hedge instrument was recorded as gains or losses in interest expense and was offset by the gain or loss on carrying value of the underlying debt instrument. Consequently, the subsequent amortization of the 18 million Euros recorded as part of the underlying debt balance was not part of the gain on hedged items recognized in income in the tables below. The remaining interest rate swap of 250 million Euros (notional amount) matured in July 2014.
In November 2013, 3M issued an eight-year 1.875% fixed rate Eurobond for a face amount of 600 million Euros. Upon debt issuance, 3M completed a fixed-to-floating interest rate swap on a notional amount of 300 million Euros as a fair value hedge of a portion of the fixed interest rate Eurobond obligation.
In June 2014, 3M issued a five-year 1.625% fixed rate medium-term note for a face amount of $625 million. Upon debt issuance, 3M completed a fixed-to-floating interest rate swap on a notional amount of $600 million as a fair value hedge of a portion of the fixed interest rate medium-term note obligation.
The location in the consolidated statements of income and amounts of gains and losses related to derivative instruments designated as fair value hedges and similar information relative to the hedged items are as follows:
Three months ended September 30, 2014 | Gain (Loss) on Derivative | Gain (Loss) on Hedged Item | ||||||||
(Millions) | Recognized in Income | Recognized in Income | ||||||||
Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships | Location | Amount | Location | Amount | ||||||
Interest rate swap contracts | Interest expense | $ | ― | Interest expense | $ | ― | ||||
Total | $ | ― | $ | ― | ||||||
Nine months ended September 30, 2014 | Gain (Loss) on Derivative | Gain (Loss) on Hedged Item | ||||||||
(Millions) | Recognized in Income | Recognized in Income | ||||||||
Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships | Location | Amount | Location | Amount | ||||||
Interest rate swap contracts | Interest expense | $ | 13 | Interest expense | $ | (13) | ||||
Total | $ | 13 | $ | (13) | ||||||
Three months ended September 30, 2013 | Gain (Loss) on Derivative | Gain (Loss) on Hedged Item | ||||||||
(Millions) | Recognized in Income | Recognized in Income | ||||||||
Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships | Location | Amount | Location | Amount | ||||||
Interest rate swap contracts | Interest expense | $ | (3) | Interest expense | $ | 3 | ||||
Total | $ | (3) | $ | 3 | ||||||
Nine months ended September 30, 2013 | Gain (Loss) on Derivative | Gain (Loss) on Hedged Item | ||||||||
(Millions) | Recognized in Income | Recognized in Income | ||||||||
Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships | Location | Amount | Location | Amount | ||||||
Interest rate swap contracts | Interest expense | $ | (11) | Interest expense | $ | 11 | ||||
Total | $ | (11) | $ | 11 |
Net Investment Hedges:
As circumstances warrant, the Company uses cross currency swaps, forwards and foreign currency denominated debt to hedge portions of the Company's net investments in foreign operations. For hedges that meet the effectiveness requirements, the net gains or losses attributable to changes in spot exchange rates are recorded in cumulative translation within other comprehensive income. The remainder of the change in value of such instruments is recorded in earnings. Recognition in earnings of amounts previously recorded in cumulative translation is limited to circumstances such as complete or substantially complete liquidation of the net investment in the hedged foreign operation.
In addition to the derivative instruments used as hedging instruments in net investment hedges, 3M also uses foreign currency denominated debt as nonderivative hedging instruments in certain net investment hedges. In July and December 2007, the Company issued seven-year fixed rate Eurobond securities for amounts of 750 million Euros and 275 million Euros, respectively. 3M designated each of these Eurobond issuances as hedging instruments of the Company's net investment in its European subsidiaries. In the second and third quarter of 2014, the Company dedesignated 716 million Euros and 309 million Euros, respectively, of the seven-year Eurobond securities due in July 2014 from the net investment hedge relationship. Accordingly, changes in carrying value of this portion of the foreign currency denominated debt due to exchange rate changes were recorded in earnings through their July 2014 maturity.
In November 2013, the Company issued eight-year fixed rate Eurobond securities for 600 million Euros. 3M designated each of these Eurobond issuances as hedging instruments of the Company's net investment in its European subsidiaries.
In anticipation of the November 2013 Eurobond issuance, the Company entered into foreign currency forward contracts with notional amounts totaling 594 million Euros. These forward contracts were designated as hedging instruments of the Company's net investment in its European subsidiaries. These contracts matured in November 2013.
In the second and third quarter of 2014, the Company entered into foreign currency forward contracts with notional amounts totaling 1.25 billion Euros, of which 550 million Euros matured and settled in September 2014 with 3M receiving net cash proceeds of $37 million. The remaining foreign currency forward contracts with a notional amount of 700 million Euros mature in November 2014. These forward contracts were designated as hedging instruments of the Company's net investment in its European subsidiaries.
The location in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income and amounts of gains and losses related to derivative and nonderivative instruments designated as net investment hedges are as follows. There were no reclassifications of the effective portion of net investment hedges out of accumulated other comprehensive income into income for the periods presented in the table below.
Three months ended September 30, 2014 | ||||||||
Derivative and Nonderivative Instruments in Net Investment Hedging Relationships | Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized as Cumulative Translation within Other Comprehensive Income on Effective Portion of Instrument | Ineffective Portion of Gain (Loss) on Instrument and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing Recognized in Income | ||||||
(Millions) | Amount | Location | Amount | |||||
Foreign currency denominated debt | $ | (54) | N/A | $ | ― | |||
Foreign currency forward contracts | 55 | N/A | ― | |||||
Total | $ | 1 | $ | ― | ||||
Nine months ended September 30, 2014 | ||||||||
Derivative and Nonderivative Instruments in Net Investment Hedging Relationships | Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized as Cumulative Translation within Other Comprehensive Income on Effective Portion of Instrument | Ineffective Portion of Gain (Loss) on Instrument and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing Recognized in Income | ||||||
(Millions) | Amount | Location | Amount | |||||
Foreign currency denominated debt | $ | (81) | N/A | $ | ― | |||
Foreign currency forward contracts | 56 | N/A | ― | |||||
Total | $ | (25) | $ | ― | ||||
Three months ended September 30, 2013 | ||||||||
Derivative and Nonderivative Instruments in Net Investment Hedging Relationships | Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized as Cumulative Translation within Other Comprehensive Income on Effective Portion of Instrument | Ineffective Portion of Gain (Loss) on Instrument and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing Recognized in Income | ||||||
(Millions) | Amount | Location | Amount | |||||
Foreign currency denominated debt | $ | (52) | N/A | $ | ― | |||
Total | $ | (52) | $ | ― | ||||
Nine months ended September 30, 2013 | ||||||||
Derivative and Nonderivative Instruments in Net Investment Hedging Relationships | Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized as Cumulative Translation within Other Comprehensive Income on Effective Portion of Instrument | Ineffective Portion of Gain (Loss) on Instrument and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing Recognized in Income | ||||||
(Millions) | Amount | Location | Amount | |||||
Foreign currency denominated debt | $ | (35) | N/A | $ | ― | |||
Total | $ | (35) | $ | ― |
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments:
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments include dedesignated foreign currency forward and option contracts that formerly were designated in cash flow hedging relationships (as referenced in the preceding Cash Flow Hedges section). In addition, 3M enters into foreign currency forward contracts and commodity price swaps to offset, in part, the impacts of certain intercompany activities (primarily associated with intercompany licensing arrangements) and fluctuations in costs associated with the use of certain precious metals, respectively. These derivative instruments are not designated in hedging relationships; therefore, fair value gains and losses on these contracts are recorded in earnings. The dollar equivalent gross notional amount of these forward, option and swap contracts not designated as hedging instruments totaled $6.9 billion as of September 30, 2014. The Company does not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading purposes.
The Company revised amounts previously presented in the tables below for the gain (loss) on derivative recognized in income (“Gain Recognized in Income”) relative to foreign currency forward contracts. These immaterial corrections decreased the previously presented amounts of the Gain Recognized in Income in the disclosure tables below by $21 million for nine months ended September 30, 2013. The revisions had no impact on the Company's consolidated results of operations or financial condition.
The location in the consolidated statements of income and amounts of gains and losses related to derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments are as follows:
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments | Three months ended September 30, 2014 | Nine months ended September 30, 2014 | ||||||||
Gain (Loss) on Derivative Recognized in Income | Gain (Loss) on Derivative Recognized in Income | |||||||||
(Millions) | Location | Amount | Location | Amount | ||||||
Foreign currency forward/option contracts | Cost of sales | $ | 8 | Cost of sales | $ | 5 | ||||
Foreign currency forward contracts | Interest expense | (72) | Interest expense | (4) | ||||||
Total | $ | (64) | $ | 1 | ||||||
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments | Three months ended September 30, 2013 | Nine months ended September 30, 2013 | ||||||||
Gain (Loss) on Derivative Recognized in Income | Gain (Loss) on Derivative Recognized in Income | |||||||||
(Millions) | Location | Amount | Location | Amount | ||||||
Foreign currency forward/option contracts | Cost of sales | $ | (16) | Cost of sales | $ | 15 | ||||
Foreign currency forward contracts | Interest expense | ― | Interest expense | (6) | ||||||
Commodity price swap contracts | Cost of sales | ― | Cost of sales | (1) | ||||||
Total | $ | (16) | $ | 8 |
Location and Fair Value Amount of Derivative Instruments
The following tables summarize the fair value of 3M's derivative instruments, excluding nonderivative instruments used as hedging instruments, and their location in the consolidated balance sheet. Additional information with respect to the fair value of derivative instruments is included in Note 10.
September 30, 2014 | |||||||||||
(Millions) | Assets | Liabilities | |||||||||
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments | Location | Amount | Location | Amount | |||||||
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | |||||||||||
Foreign currency forward/option contracts | Other current assets | $ | 81 | Other current liabilities | $ | 4 | |||||
Foreign currency forward/option contracts | Other assets | 26 | Other liabilities | ― | |||||||
Commodity price swap contracts | Other current assets | ― | Other current liabilities | 3 | |||||||
Interest rate swap contracts | Other assets | 23 | Other liabilities | 11 | |||||||
Total derivatives designated as | |||||||||||
hedging instruments | $ | 130 | $ | 18 | |||||||
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | |||||||||||
Foreign currency forward/option contracts | Other current assets | $ | 68 | Other current liabilities | $ | 46 | |||||
Total derivatives not designated as | |||||||||||
hedging instruments | $ | 68 | $ | 46 | |||||||
Total derivative instruments | $ | 198 | $ | 64 | |||||||
December 31, 2013 | |||||||||||
(Millions) | Assets | Liabilities | |||||||||
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments | Location | Amount | Location | Amount | |||||||
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | |||||||||||
Foreign currency forward/option contracts | Other current assets | $ | 24 | Other current liabilities | $ | 35 | |||||
Commodity price swap contracts | Other current assets | 1 | Other current liabilities | ― | |||||||
Interest rate swap contracts | Other assets | 8 | Other liabilities | 7 | |||||||
Total derivatives designated as | |||||||||||
hedging instruments | $ | 33 | $ | 42 | |||||||
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | |||||||||||
Foreign currency forward/option contracts | Other current assets | $ | 51 | Other current liabilities | $ | 68 | |||||
Total derivatives not designated as | |||||||||||
hedging instruments | $ | 51 | $ | 68 | |||||||
Total derivative instruments | $ | 84 | $ | 110 |
Credit Risk and Offsetting of Assets and Liabilities of Derivative Instruments
The Company is exposed to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by counterparties in interest rate swaps, currency swaps, commodity price swaps, and forward and option contracts. However, the Company's risk is limited to the fair value of the instruments. The Company actively monitors its exposure to credit risk through the use of credit approvals and credit limits, and by selecting major international banks and financial institutions as counterparties. 3M enters into master netting arrangements with counterparties when possible to mitigate credit risk in derivative transactions. A master netting arrangement may allow each counterparty to net settle amounts owed between a 3M entity and the counterparty as a result of multiple, separate derivative transactions. As of September 30, 2014, 3M has International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) agreements with 12 applicable banks and financial institutions which contain netting provisions. In addition to a master agreement with 3M supported by a primary counterparty's parent guarantee, 3M also has associated credit support agreements in place with 11 of its primary derivative counterparties which, among other things, provide the circumstances under which either party is required to post eligible collateral (when the market value of transactions covered by these agreements exceeds specified thresholds or if a counterparty's credit rating has been downgraded to a predetermined rating). The Company does not anticipate nonperformance by any of these counterparties.
3M has elected to present the fair value of derivative assets and liabilities within the Company's consolidated balance sheet on a gross basis even when derivative transactions are subject to master netting arrangements and may otherwise qualify for net presentation. However, the following tables provide information as if the Company had elected to offset the asset and liability balances of derivative instruments, netted in accordance with various criteria in the event of default or termination as stipulated by the terms of netting arrangements with each of the counterparties. For each counterparty, if netted, the Company would offset the asset and liability balances of all derivatives at the end of the reporting period based on the 3M entity that is a party to the transactions. Derivatives not subject to master netting agreements are not eligible for net presentation. As of the applicable dates presented below, no cash collateral had been received or pledged related to these derivative instruments.
Offsetting of Financial Assets/Liabilities under Master Netting Agreements with Derivative Counterparties | |||||||||||||||||||
September 30, 2014 | |||||||||||||||||||
Gross Amounts not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet that are Subject to Master Netting Agreements | |||||||||||||||||||
(Millions) | Gross Amount of Derivative Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet | Gross Amount of Eligible Offsetting Recognized Derivative Liabilities | Cash Collateral Received | Net Amount of Derivative Assets | |||||||||||||||
Derivatives subject to master | |||||||||||||||||||
netting agreements | $ | 198 | $ | 27 | $ | ― | $ | 171 | |||||||||||
Derivatives not subject to master | |||||||||||||||||||
netting agreements | ― | ― | |||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 198 | $ | 171 |
September 30, 2014 | |||||||||||||
Gross Amounts not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet that are Subject to Master Netting Agreements | |||||||||||||
(Millions) | Gross Amount of Derivative Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet | Gross Amount of Eligible Offsetting Recognized Derivative Assets | Cash Collateral Pledged | Net Amount of Derivative Liabilities | |||||||||
Derivatives subject to master | |||||||||||||
netting agreements | $ | 61 | $ | 27 | $ | ― | $ | 34 | |||||
Derivatives not subject to master | |||||||||||||
netting agreements | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 64 | $ | 37 |
December 31, 2013 | |||||||||||||
Gross Amounts not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet that are Subject to Master Netting Agreements | |||||||||||||
(Millions) | Gross Amount of Derivative Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet | Gross Amount of Eligible Offsetting Recognized Derivative Liabilities | Cash Collateral Received | Net Amount of Derivative Assets | |||||||||
Derivatives subject to master | |||||||||||||
netting agreements | $ | 83 | $ | 51 | $ | ― | $ | 32 | |||||
Derivatives not subject to master | |||||||||||||
netting agreements | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 84 | $ | 33 |
December 31, 2013 | |||||||||||||
Gross Amounts not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet that are Subject to Master Netting Agreements | |||||||||||||
(Millions) | Gross Amount of Derivative Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet | Gross Amount of Eligible Offsetting Recognized Derivative Assets | Cash Collateral Pledged | Net Amount of Derivative Liabilities | |||||||||
Derivatives subject to master | |||||||||||||
netting agreements | $ | 110 | $ | 51 | $ | ― | $ | 59 | |||||
Derivatives not subject to master | |||||||||||||
netting agreements | ― | ― | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 110 | $ | 59 |
Currency Effects
3M estimates that year-on-year currency effects, including hedging impacts, decreased net income attributable to 3M by approximately $10 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and decreased net income attributable to 3M by approximately $64 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. This estimate includes the effect of translating profits from local currencies into U.S. dollars and the impact of currency fluctuations on the transfer of goods between 3M operations in the United States and abroad. This estimate also includes year-on-year currency effects from transaction gains and losses, including both derivative instruments designed to reduce foreign currency exchange rate risks and the negative impact of converting Venezuelan bolivars into Euros and U.S. dollars, which 3M estimates on a combined basis increased net income attributable to 3M by approximately $7 million for three months ended September 30, 2014 and decreased net income attributable to 3M by approximately $18 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014.
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NOTE 10. Fair Value Measurements
3M follows ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, with respect to assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and nonrecurring basis. Under the standard, fair value is defined as the exit price, or the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. The standard also establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company's assumptions about the factors market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability developed based upon the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, and inputs (other than quoted prices) that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. Categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
Assets and Liabilities that are Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis:
For 3M, assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis primarily relate to available-for-sale marketable securities, available-for-sale investments (included as part of investments in the Consolidated Balance Sheet) and certain derivative instruments. Derivatives include cash flow hedges, interest rate swaps and most net investment hedges. The information in the following paragraphs and tables primarily addresses matters relative to these financial assets and liabilities. Separately, there were no material fair value measurements with respect to nonfinancial assets or liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the Company's financial statements on a recurring basis for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013.
3M uses various valuation techniques, which are primarily based upon the market and income approaches, with respect to financial assets and liabilities. Following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for the respective financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value.
Available-for-sale marketable securities — except auction rate securities:
Marketable securities, except auction rate securities, are valued utilizing multiple sources. A weighted average price is used for these securities. Market prices are obtained for these securities from a variety of industry standard data providers, security master files from large financial institutions, and other third-party sources. These multiple prices are used as inputs into a distribution-curve-based algorithm to determine the daily fair value to be used. 3M classifies U.S. treasury securities as level 1, while all other marketable securities (excluding auction rate securities) are classified as level 2. Marketable securities are discussed further in Note 6.
Available-for-sale marketable securities — auction rate securities only:
As discussed in Note 6, auction rate securities held by 3M failed to auction since the second half of 2007. As a result, investments in auction rate securities are valued utilizing third-party indicative bid levels in markets that are not active and broker-dealer valuation models that utilize inputs such as current/forward interest rates, current market conditions and credit default swap spreads. 3M classifies these securities as level 3.
Available-for-sale investments:
Investments include equity securities that are traded in an active market. Closing stock prices are readily available from active markets and are used as being representative of fair value. 3M classifies these securities as level 1.
Derivative instruments:
The Company's derivative assets and liabilities within the scope of ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, are required to be recorded at fair value. The Company's derivatives that are recorded at fair value include foreign currency forward and option contracts, commodity price swaps, interest rate swaps, and net investment hedges where the hedging instrument is recorded at fair value. Net investment hedges that use foreign currency denominated debt to hedge 3M's net investment are not impacted by the fair value measurement standard under ASC 820, as the debt used as the hedging instrument is marked to a value with respect to changes in spot foreign currency exchange rates and not with respect to other factors that may impact fair value.
3M has determined that foreign currency forwards and commodity price swaps will be considered level 1 measurements as these are traded in active markets which have identical asset or liabilities, while currency swaps, foreign currency options, interest rate swaps and cross-currency swaps will be considered level 2. For level 2 derivatives, 3M uses inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset. These inputs include foreign currency exchange rates, volatilities, and interest rates. The level 2 derivative positions are primarily valued using standard calculations/models that use as their basis readily observable market parameters. Industry standard data providers are 3M's primary source for forward and spot rate information for both interest rates and currency rates, with resulting valuations periodically validated through third-party or counterparty quotes and a net present value stream of cash flows model.
The following tables provide information by level for assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis.
Fair Value Measurements | |||||||||||||||
(Millions) | Fair Value at | Using Inputs Considered as | |||||||||||||
Description | September 30, 2014 | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | |||||||||||
Assets: | |||||||||||||||
Available-for-sale: | |||||||||||||||
Marketable securities: | |||||||||||||||
U.S. government agency securities | $ | 148 | $ | ― | $ | 148 | $ | ― | |||||||
Foreign government agency securities | 105 | ― | 105 | ― | |||||||||||
Corporate debt securities | 789 | ― | 789 | ― | |||||||||||
Certificates of deposit/time deposits | 43 | ― | 43 | ― | |||||||||||
Commercial paper | 14 | ― | 14 | ― | |||||||||||
Asset-backed securities: | |||||||||||||||
Automobile loan related | 383 | ― | 383 | ― | |||||||||||
Credit card related | 192 | ― | 192 | ― | |||||||||||
Equipment lease related | 72 | ― | 72 | ― | |||||||||||
Other | 65 | ― | 65 | ― | |||||||||||
U.S. treasury securities | 49 | 49 | ― | ― | |||||||||||
Auction rate securities | 12 | ― | ― | 12 | |||||||||||
Investments | 1 | 1 | ― | ― | |||||||||||
Derivative instruments — assets: | |||||||||||||||
Foreign currency forward/option contracts | 175 | 175 | ― | ― | |||||||||||
Interest rate swap contracts | 23 | ― | 23 | ― | |||||||||||
Liabilities: | |||||||||||||||
Derivative instruments — liabilities: | |||||||||||||||
Foreign currency forward/option contracts | 50 | 50 | ― | ― | |||||||||||
Commodity price swap contracts | 3 | 3 | ― | ― | |||||||||||
Interest rate swap contracts | 11 | ― | 11 | ― |
Fair Value at | Fair Value Measurements | ||||||||||||||
(Millions) | December 31, 2013 | Using Inputs Considered as | |||||||||||||
Description | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | ||||||||||||
Assets: | |||||||||||||||
Available-for-sale: | |||||||||||||||
Marketable securities: | |||||||||||||||
U.S. government agency securities | $ | 234 | $ | ― | $ | 234 | $ | ― | |||||||
Foreign government agency securities | 125 | ― | 125 | ― | |||||||||||
Corporate debt securities | 781 | ― | 781 | ― | |||||||||||
Certificates of deposit/time deposits | 40 | ― | 40 | ― | |||||||||||
Commercial paper | 60 | ― | 60 | ― | |||||||||||
Asset-backed securities: | |||||||||||||||
Automobile loan related | 585 | ― | 585 | ― | |||||||||||
Credit card related | 180 | ― | 180 | ― | |||||||||||
Equipment lease related | 67 | ― | 67 | ― | |||||||||||
Other | 75 | ― | 75 | ― | |||||||||||
U.S. treasury securities | 49 | 49 | ― | ― | |||||||||||
U.S. municipal securities | 2 | ― | 2 | ― | |||||||||||
Auction rate securities | 11 | ― | ― | 11 | |||||||||||
Investments | 2 | 2 | ― | ― | |||||||||||
Derivative instruments — assets: | |||||||||||||||
Foreign currency forward/option contracts | 75 | 75 | ― | ― | |||||||||||
Commodity price swap contracts | 1 | 1 | ― | ― | |||||||||||
Interest rate swap contracts | 8 | ― | 8 | ― | |||||||||||
Liabilities: | |||||||||||||||
Derivative instruments — liabilities: | |||||||||||||||
Foreign currency forward/option contracts | 103 | 103 | ― | ― | |||||||||||
Interest rate swap contracts | 7 | ― | 7 | ― |
The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of items measured at fair value on a recurring basis in the table above that used significant unobservable inputs (Level 3).
Three months ended | Nine months ended | ||||||||||||
(Millions) | September 30, | September 30, | |||||||||||
Marketable securities – auction rate securities only | 2014 | 2013 | 2014 | 2013 | |||||||||
Beginning balance | $ | 12 | $ | 10 | $ | 11 | $ | 7 | |||||
Total gains or losses: | |||||||||||||
Included in earnings | ― | ― | ― | ― | |||||||||
Included in other comprehensive income | ― | ― | 1 | 3 | |||||||||
Purchases, issuances, and settlements | ― | ― | ― | ― | |||||||||
Transfers in and/or out of Level 3 | ― | ― | ― | ― | |||||||||
Ending balance | 12 | 10 | 12 | 10 | |||||||||
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in | |||||||||||||
earnings for securities held at the end of the reporting period | ― | ― | ― | ― |
In addition, the plan assets of 3M's pension and postretirement benefit plans are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (at least annually). Refer to Note 10 in 3M's Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 15, 2014 (which updated 3M's 2013 Annual Report on Form 10-K).
Assets and Liabilities that are Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis:
Disclosures are required for certain assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value, but are recognized and disclosed at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in periods subsequent to initial recognition. For 3M, such measurements of fair value relate primarily to long-lived asset impairments. There were no material long-lived asset impairments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments:
The Company's financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, accounts receivable, certain investments, accounts payable, borrowings, and derivative contracts. The fair values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and short-term borrowings and current portion of long-term debt (except the Eurobond securities totaling 1.025 billion Euros, which were moved from long-term debt to current portion of long-term debt in July 2013 and are shown separately in the table below) approximated carrying values because of the short-term nature of these instruments. Available-for-sale marketable securities and investments, in addition to certain derivative instruments, are recorded at fair values as indicated in the preceding disclosures. For its long-term debt the Company utilized third-party quotes to estimate fair values (classified as level 2). Information with respect to the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of these financial instruments follow:
September 30, 2014 | December 31, 2013 | ||||||||||||
Carrying | Fair | Carrying | Fair | ||||||||||
(Millions) | Value | Value | Value | Value | |||||||||
Eurobond securities (repaid July 2014) | $ | ― | $ | ― | $ | 1,424 | $ | 1,447 | |||||
Long-term debt, excluding current portion | 5,225 | 5,545 | 4,326 | 4,463 |
The fair values reflected above consider the terms of the related debt absent the impacts of derivative/hedging activity. The carrying amount of long-term debt referenced above is impacted by certain fixed-to-floating interest rate swaps that are designated as fair value hedges and by the designation of fixed rate Eurobond securities issued by the Company as hedging instruments of the Company's net investment in its European subsidiaries. Many of 3M's fixed-rate bonds were trading at a premium at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 due to the low interest rates and tightening of 3M's credit spreads.
|
NOTE 11. Commitments and Contingencies
Legal Proceedings:
The Company and some of its subsidiaries are involved in numerous claims and lawsuits, principally in the United States, and regulatory proceedings worldwide. These include various products liability (involving products that the Company now or formerly manufactured and sold), intellectual property, and commercial claims and lawsuits, including those brought under the antitrust laws, and environmental proceedings. Unless otherwise stated, the Company is vigorously defending all such litigation. Additional information about the Company's process for disclosure and recording of liabilities and insurance receivables related to legal proceedings can be found in Note 13 “Commitments and Contingencies” in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013, as updated by the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 15, 2014.
The following table shows the major categories of significant legal matters — respirator mask/asbestos litigation (including Aearo – described below), environmental remediation and other environmental liabilities — for which the Company has been able to estimate its probable liability and for which the Company has recorded accruals and the related insurance receivables:
Liability and Receivable Balances | ||||||
(Millions) | September 30, 2014 | December 31, 2013 | ||||
Respirator mask/asbestos liabilities | $ | 175 | $ | 152 | ||
Respirator mask/asbestos insurance receivables | 41 | 58 | ||||
Environmental remediation liabilities | $ | 26 | $ | 27 | ||
Environmental remediation insurance receivables | 11 | 11 | ||||
Other environmental liabilities | $ | 44 | $ | 48 | ||
Other environmental insurance receivables | 15 | 15 |
The following sections first describe the significant legal proceedings in which the Company is involved, and then describe the liabilities and associated insurance receivables the Company has accrued relating to its significant legal proceedings.
Respirator Mask/Asbestos Litigation
As of September 30, 2014, the Company is a named defendant, with multiple co-defendants, in numerous lawsuits in various courts that purport to represent approximately 2,230 individual claimants, compared to approximately 2,200 individual claimants with actions pending at December 31, 2013.
The vast majority of the lawsuits and claims resolved by and currently pending against the Company allege use of some of the Company's mask and respirator products and seek damages from the Company and other defendants for alleged personal injury from workplace exposures to asbestos, silica, coal mine dust or other occupational dusts found in products manufactured by other defendants or generally in the workplace. A minority of the lawsuits and claims resolved by and currently pending against the Company generally allege personal injury from occupational exposure to asbestos from products previously manufactured by the Company, which are often unspecified, as well as products manufactured by other defendants, or occasionally at Company premises.
The Company's current volume of new and pending matters is substantially lower than its historical experience. The Company expects that filing of claims by unimpaired claimants in the future will continue to be at much lower levels than in the past. Accordingly, the number of claims alleging more serious injuries, including mesothelioma and other malignancies, will represent a greater percentage of total claims than in the past. The Company has prevailed in all nine cases taken to trial, including seven of the eight cases tried to verdict (such trials occurred in 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004, and 2007), and an appellate reversal in 2005 of the 2001 jury verdict adverse to the Company. The ninth case, tried in 2009, was dismissed by the Court at the close of plaintiff's evidence, based on the Court's legal finding that the plaintiff had not presented sufficient evidence to support a jury verdict.
The Company has demonstrated in these past trial proceedings that its respiratory protection products are effective as claimed when used in the intended manner and in the intended circumstances. Consequently the Company believes that claimants are unable to establish that their medical conditions, even if significant, are attributable to the Company's respiratory protection products. Nonetheless the Company's litigation experience indicates that claims of persons with malignant conditions are costlier to resolve than the claims of unimpaired persons, and it therefore believes the average cost of resolving pending and future claims on a per-claim basis will continue to be higher than it experienced in prior periods when the vast majority of claims were asserted by the unimpaired.
As previously reported, the State of West Virginia, through its Attorney General, filed a complaint in 2003 against the Company and two other manufacturers of respiratory protection products in the Circuit Court of Lincoln County, West Virginia and amended its complaint in 2005. The amended complaint seeks substantial, but unspecified, compensatory damages primarily for reimbursement of the costs allegedly incurred by the State for worker's compensation and healthcare benefits provided to all workers with occupational pneumoconiosis and unspecified punitive damages. The case has been inactive since the fourth quarter of 2007, other than a case management conference in March 2011. In November 2013, the State filed a motion to bifurcate the lawsuit into separate liability and damages proceedings. A hearing on that motion may occur in the first quarter of 2015. No liability has been recorded for this matter because the Company believes that liability is not probable and estimable at this time. In addition, the Company is not able to estimate a possible loss or range of loss given the lack of any meaningful discovery responses by the State of West Virginia, the otherwise minimal activity in this case and the fact that the complaint asserts claims against two other manufacturers where a defendant's share of liability may turn on the law of joint and several liability and by the amount of fault, if any, a jury might allocate to each defendant if the case is ultimately tried.
Respirator Mask/Asbestos Liabilities and Insurance Receivables: The Company estimates its respirator mask/asbestos liabilities, including the cost to resolve the claims and defense costs, by examining: (i) the Company's experience in resolving claims, (ii) apparent trends, (iii) the apparent quality of claims (e.g., whether the claim has been asserted on behalf of asymptomatic claimants), (iv) changes in the nature and mix of claims (e.g., the proportion of claims asserting usage of the Company's mask or respirator products and alleging exposure to each of asbestos, silica, coal or other occupational dusts, and claims pleading use of asbestos-containing products allegedly manufactured by the Company), (v) the number of current claims and a projection of the number of future asbestos and other claims that may be filed against the Company, (vi) the cost to resolve recently settled claims, and (vii) an estimate of the cost to resolve and defend against current and future claims.
Developments may occur that could affect the Company's estimate of its liabilities. These developments include, but are not limited to, significant changes in (i) the number of future claims, (ii) the average cost of resolving claims, (iii) the legal costs of defending these claims and in maintaining trial readiness, (iv) changes in the mix and nature of claims received, (v) trial and appellate outcomes, (vi) changes in the law and procedure applicable to these claims, and (vii) the financial viability of other co-defendants and insurers.
As a result of the Company's greater cost of resolving claims of persons who claim more serious injuries, including mesothelioma and other malignancies, the Company increased its accruals in the first nine months of 2014 for respirator mask/asbestos liabilities by $52 million, $31 million of which occurred in the third quarter of 2014. In the first nine months of 2014, the Company made payments for fees and settlements of $28 million related to the respirator mask/asbestos litigation, $9 million of which occurred in the third quarter of 2014. As of September 30, 2014, the Company had accruals for respirator mask/asbestos liabilities of $151 million (excluding Aearo accruals). The Company cannot estimate the amount or range of amounts by which the liability may exceed the accrual the Company has established because of the (i) inherent difficulty in projecting the number of claims that have not yet been asserted, (ii) the complaints nearly always assert claims against multiple defendants where the damages alleged are typically not attributed to individual defendants so that a defendant's share of liability may turn on the law of joint and several liability, which can vary by state, (iii) the multiple factors described above that the Company considers in estimating its liabilities, and (iv) the several possible developments described above that may occur that could affect the Company's estimate of liabilities.
As of September 30, 2014, the Company's receivable for insurance recoveries related to the respirator mask/asbestos litigation was $41 million. The Company estimates insurance receivables based on an analysis of its policies, including their exclusions, pertinent case law interpreting comparable policies, its experience with similar claims, and assessment of the nature of each claim and remaining coverage, and then records an amount it has concluded is likely to be recovered. Various factors could affect the timing and amount of recovery of this receivable, including (i) delays in or avoidance of payment by insurers; (ii) the extent to which insurers may become insolvent in the future, and (iii) the outcome of negotiations with insurers and legal proceedings with respect to respirator mask/asbestos liability insurance coverage.
As previously reported, on January 5, 2007 the Company was served with a declaratory judgment action filed on behalf of two of its insurers (Continental Casualty and Continental Insurance Co. – both part of the Continental Casualty Group) disclaiming coverage for respirator mask/asbestos claims. The action, in the District Court in Ramsey County, Minnesota, sought declaratory judgment regarding coverage provided by the policies and the allocation of covered costs among the policies issued by the various insurers. The action named, in addition to the Company, over 60 of the Company's insurers. The plaintiffs, Continental Casualty and Continental Insurance Co., as well as a significant number of the insurer defendants named in the amended complaint were dismissed because of settlements they had reached with the Company regarding the matters at issue in the lawsuit. In July 2013, the Company reached agreements in principle with the remaining insurers in the lawsuit. All of the settlement agreements have now been executed. In June 2014, the Court issued an order dismissing the case. During the first nine months of 2014, the Company received payments of $17 million from settlements with insurers. The final payment of $6 million from the insurers was received in the third quarter of 2014.
The Company has unresolved coverage with claims-made carriers for respirator mask claims. The Company is also seeking coverage under the policies of certain insolvent insurers. Once those claims for coverage are resolved, the Company will have collected substantially all of its remaining insurance coverage for respirator mask/asbestos claims.
Respirator Mask/Asbestos Litigation – Aearo Technologies
On April 1, 2008, a subsidiary of the Company purchased the stock of Aearo Holding Corp., the parent of Aearo Technologies (“Aearo”). Aearo manufactured and sold various products, including personal protection equipment, such as eye, ear, head, face, fall and certain respiratory protection products.
As of September 30, 2014, Aearo and/or other companies that previously owned and operated Aearo's respirator business (American Optical Corporation, Warner-Lambert LLC, AO Corp. and Cabot Corporation (“Cabot”)) are named defendants, with multiple co-defendants, including the Company, in numerous lawsuits in various courts in which plaintiffs allege use of mask and respirator products and seek damages from Aearo and other defendants for alleged personal injury from workplace exposures to asbestos, silica-related, or other occupational dusts found in products manufactured by other defendants or generally in the workplace.
As of September 30, 2014, the Company, through its Aearo subsidiary, has recorded $24 million as the best estimate of the probable liabilities for product liabilities and defense costs related to current and future Aearo-related asbestos and silica-related claims. Responsibility for legal costs, as well as for settlements and judgments, is currently shared in an informal arrangement among Aearo, Cabot, American Optical Corporation and a subsidiary of Warner Lambert and their insurers (the “Payor Group”). Liability is allocated among the parties based on the number of years each company sold respiratory products under the “AO Safety” brand and/or owned the AO Safety Division of American Optical Corporation and the alleged years of exposure of the individual plaintiff. Aearo's share of the contingent liability is further limited by an agreement entered into between Aearo and Cabot on July 11, 1995. This agreement provides that, so long as Aearo pays to Cabot a quarterly fee of $100,000, Cabot will retain responsibility and liability for, and indemnify Aearo against, any product liability claims involving exposure to asbestos, silica, or silica products for respirators sold prior to July 11, 1995. Because of the difficulty in determining how long a particular respirator remains in the stream of commerce after being sold, Aearo and Cabot have applied the agreement to claims arising out of the alleged use of respirators involving exposure to asbestos, silica or silica products prior to January 1, 1997. With these arrangements in place, Aearo's potential liability is limited to exposures alleged to have arisen from the use of respirators involving exposure to asbestos, silica, or silica products on or after January 1, 1997. To date, Aearo has elected to pay the quarterly fee. Aearo could potentially be exposed to additional claims for some part of the pre-July 11, 1995 period covered by its agreement with Cabot if Aearo elects to discontinue its participation in this arrangement, or if Cabot is no longer able to meet its obligations in these matters.
In March 2012, Cabot CSC Corporation and Cabot Corporation filed a lawsuit against Aearo in the Superior Court of Suffolk County, Massachusetts seeking declaratory relief as to the scope of Cabot's indemnity obligations under the July 11, 1995 agreement, including whether Cabot has retained liability for coal workers' pneumoconiosis claims, and seeking damages for breach of contract. In June 2014, the court granted Aearo's motion for summary judgment on all claims. Cabot has filed a motion for reconsideration, and Aearo has filed a motion for clarification of the court's order granting Aearo summary judgment. In October 2014, the court denied Aearo's motion for clarification. The court also denied, in part, Cabot's motion for reconsideration and reaffirmed its ruling that Cabot retained liability for claims involving exposure to silica in coal mine dust. The court granted Cabot's motion, in part, ruling that Aearo was not entitled to summary judgment on Cabot's claim for equitable allocation, and on whether the 258 underlying claims were Cabot's responsibility. These two issues remain in the case for further proceedings.
Developments may occur that could affect the estimate of Aearo's liabilities. These developments include, but are not limited to: (i) significant changes in the number of future claims, (ii) significant changes in the average cost of resolving claims, (iii) significant changes in the legal costs of defending these claims, (iv) significant changes in the mix and nature of claims received, (v) trial and appellate outcomes, (vi) significant changes in the law and procedure applicable to these claims, (vii) significant changes in the liability allocation among the co-defendants, (viii) the financial viability of members of the Payor Group including exhaustion of available coverage limits, and/or (ix) a determination that the interpretation of the contractual obligations on which Aearo has estimated its share of liability is inaccurate. The Company cannot determine the impact of these potential developments on its current estimate of Aearo's share of liability for these existing and future claims. If any of the developments described above were to occur, the actual amount of these liabilities for existing and future claims could be significantly larger than the amount accrued.
Because of the inherent difficulty in projecting the number of claims that have not yet been asserted, the complexity of allocating responsibility for future claims among the Payor Group, and the several possible developments that may occur that could affect the estimate of Aearo's liabilities, the Company cannot estimate the amount or range of amounts by which Aearo's liability may exceed the accrual the Company has established.
Environmental Matters and Litigation
The Company's operations are subject to environmental laws and regulations including those pertaining to air emissions, wastewater discharges, toxic substances, and the handling and disposal of solid and hazardous wastes enforceable by national, state, and local authorities around the world, and private parties in the United States and abroad. These laws and regulations provide, under certain circumstances, a basis for the remediation of contamination, for restoration of or compensation for damages to natural resources, and for personal injury and property damage claims. The Company has incurred, and will continue to incur, costs and capital expenditures in complying with these laws and regulations, defending personal injury and property damage claims, and modifying its business operations in light of its environmental responsibilities. In its effort to satisfy its environmental responsibilities and comply with environmental laws and regulations, the Company has established, and periodically updates, policies relating to environmental standards of performance for its operations worldwide.
Under certain environmental laws, including the United States Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 and similar state laws, the Company may be jointly and severally liable, typically with other companies, for the costs of remediation of environmental contamination at current or former facilities and at off-site locations. The Company has identified numerous locations, most of which are in the United States, at which it may have some liability. Please refer to the section entitled “Environmental Liabilities and Insurance Receivables” that follows for information on the amount of the accrual.
Environmental Matters
As previously reported, the Company has been voluntarily cooperating with ongoing reviews by local, state, federal (primarily the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)), and international agencies of possible environmental and health effects of various perfluorinated compounds (“PFCs”), including perfluorooctanyl compounds such as perfluorooctanoate (“PFOA”) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (“PFOS”). As a result of its phase-out decision in May 2000, the Company no longer manufactures perfluorooctanyl compounds. The company ceased manufacturing and using the vast majority of these compounds within approximately two years of the phase-out announcement, and ceased all manufacturing and the last significant use of this chemistry by the end of 2008. Through its ongoing life cycle management and its raw material composition identification processes associated with the Company's policies covering the use of all persistent and bio-accumulative materials, the Company has on occasion identified the presence of precursor chemicals in materials received from suppliers that may ultimately degrade to PFOA, PFOS, or similar compounds. Upon such identification, the Company works to find alternatives for such materials.
Regulatory activities concerning PFOA and/or PFOS continue in the United States, Europe and elsewhere, and before certain international bodies. These activities include gathering of exposure and use information, risk assessment, and consideration of regulatory approaches. As the database of studies of both chemicals has expanded, the EPA has developed draft human health effects documents summarizing the available data from these studies. In February 2014, the EPA initiated external peer review of its draft human health effects documents for PFOA and PFOS. The peer review panel met in August 2014. The EPA has stated that following the peer review process it will revise its health effects documents and use them to establish lifetime health advisories for PFOS and PFOA in drinking water. Lifetime health advisories, while not enforceable, serve as guidance and are benchmarks for determining if concentrations of chemicals in tap water from public utilities are safe for public consumption. Once finalized, the EPA stated that the lifetime health advisories are expected to supersede the provisional health advisories for PFOA and PFOS in drinking water issued by the EPA in 2009 – currently at 0.4 micrograms per liter for PFOA and 0.2 micrograms per liter for PFOS. In an effort to collect exposure information under the Safe Drinking Water Act, the EPA published on May 2, 2012 a list of unregulated substances, including six PFCs, required to be monitored during the period 2013-2015 by public water system suppliers to determine the extent of their occurrence.
The Company is continuing to make progress in its work, under the supervision of state regulators, to address its historic disposal of PFC-containing waste associated with manufacturing operations at the Decatur, Alabama, Cottage Grove, Minnesota, and Cordova, Illinois plants.
As previously reported, the Company entered into a voluntary remedial action agreement with the Alabama Department of Environmental Management (ADEM) to address the presence of PFCs in the soil at the Company's manufacturing facility in Decatur, Alabama. Pursuant to a permit issued by ADEM, for approximately twenty years, the Company incorporated its wastewater treatment plant sludge containing PFCs in fields at its Decatur facility. After a review of the available options to address the presence of PFCs in the soil, ADEM agreed that the preferred remediation option is to use a multilayer cap over the former sludge incorporation areas on the manufacturing site with subsequent groundwater migration controls and treatment. Implementation of that option will continue throughout the balance of 2014 and is expected to be completed in 2017.
The Company continues to work with the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) pursuant to the terms of the previously disclosed May 2007 Settlement Agreement and Consent Order to address the presence of certain PFCs in the soil and groundwater at former disposal sites in Washington County, Minnesota (Oakdale and Woodbury) and at the Company's manufacturing facility at Cottage Grove, Minnesota. Under this agreement, the Company's principal obligations include (i) evaluating releases of certain PFCs from these sites and proposing response actions; (ii) providing treatment or alternative drinking water upon identifying any level exceeding a Health Based Value (“HBV”) or Health Risk Limit (“HRL”) (i.e., the amount of a chemical in drinking water determined by the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) to be safe for human consumption over a lifetime) for certain PFCs for which a HBV and/or HRL exists as a result of contamination from these sites; (iii) remediating identified sources of other PFCs at these sites that are not controlled by actions to remediate PFOA and PFOS; and (iv) sharing information with the MPCA about certain perfluorinated compounds. During 2008, the MPCA issued formal decisions adopting remedial options for the former disposal sites in Washington County, Minnesota (Oakdale and Woodbury). In August 2009, the MPCA issued a formal decision adopting remedial options for the Company's Cottage Grove manufacturing facility. During the spring and summer of 2010, 3M began implementing the agreed upon remedial options at the Cottage Grove and Woodbury sites. 3M commenced the remedial option at the Oakdale site in late 2010. At each location the remedial options were recommended by the Company and approved by the MPCA. Remediation work has been completed at the Oakdale and Woodbury sites, and they are in an operational maintenance mode. Remediation will continue at the Cottage Grove site during 2014.
In February 2014, the Company submitted its most recent environmental assessment report to the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency summarizing the levels of PFCs in the soil, groundwater and surface water at or near its manufacturing facility in Cordova, Illinois. The Company will continue to monitor PFCs at the site and is engaged in discussions with the Illinois EPA concerning next steps for the site. In August 2014, the Illinois EPA approved a request by the Company to establish a groundwater management zone at the site, which includes ongoing pumping of impacted site groundwater, groundwater monitoring and routine reporting of results.
The Company cannot predict what additional regulatory actions arising from the foregoing proceedings and activities, if any, may be taken regarding such compounds or the consequences of any such actions.
Environmental Litigation
As previously reported, a former employee filed a purported class action lawsuit in 2002 in the Circuit Court of Morgan County, Alabama, seeking unstated damages and alleging that the plaintiffs suffered fear, increased risk, subclinical injuries, and property damage from exposure to certain perfluorochemicals at or near the Company's Decatur, Alabama, manufacturing facility. The court in 2005 granted the Company's motion to dismiss the named plaintiff's personal injury-related claims on the basis that such claims are barred by the exclusivity provisions of the state's Workers Compensation Act. The plaintiffs' counsel filed an amended complaint in November 2006, limiting the case to property damage claims on behalf of a purported class of residents and property owners in the vicinity of the Decatur plant.
Also, in 2005, the judge in a second purported class action lawsuit (filed by three residents of Morgan County, Alabama, seeking unstated compensatory and punitive damages involving alleged damage to their property from emissions of certain perfluorochemical compounds from the Company's Decatur, Alabama, manufacturing facility that formerly manufactured those compounds) granted the Company's motion to abate the case, effectively putting the case on hold pending the resolution of class certification issues in the first action described above, filed in the same court in 2002. Despite the stay, plaintiffs filed an amended complaint seeking damages for alleged personal injuries and property damage on behalf of the named plaintiffs and the members of a purported class. No further action in the case is expected unless and until the stay is lifted.
In February 2009, a resident of Franklin County, Alabama, filed a purported class action lawsuit in the Circuit Court of Franklin County seeking compensatory damages and injunctive relief based on the application by the Decatur utility's wastewater treatment plant of wastewater treatment sludge to farmland and grasslands in the state that allegedly contain PFOA, PFOS and other perfluorochemicals. The named defendants in the case include 3M, Daikin America, Inc., Synagro-WWT, Inc., Synagro South, LLC, and Biological Processors of America. The named plaintiff seeks to represent a class of all persons within the State of Alabama who have had PFOA, PFOS, and other perfluorochemicals released or deposited on their property. In March 2010, the Alabama Supreme Court ordered the case transferred from Franklin County to Morgan County. In May 2010, consistent with its handling of the other matters, the Morgan County Circuit Court abated this case, putting it on hold pending the resolution of the class certification issues in the first case filed there. In May 2013, the court stayed the case due to co-defendant Synagro's bankruptcy filing. The parties are to report the status of the bankruptcy to the court on or before December 31, 2014.
In December 2010, the State of Minnesota, by its Attorney General Lori Swanson, acting in its capacity as trustee of the natural resources of the State of Minnesota, filed a lawsuit in Hennepin County District Court against 3M to recover damages (including unspecified assessment costs and reasonable attorney's fees) for alleged injury to, destruction of, and loss of use of certain of the State's natural resources under the Minnesota Environmental Response and Liability Act (MERLA) and the Minnesota Water Pollution Control Act (MWPCA), as well as statutory nuisance and common law claims of trespass, nuisance, and negligence with respect to the presence of PFCs in the groundwater, surface water, fish or other aquatic life, and sediments (the “NRD Lawsuit”). The State also seeks declarations under MERLA that 3M is responsible for all damages the State may suffer in the future for injuries to natural resources from releases of PFCs into the environment, and under MWPCA that 3M is responsible for compensation for future loss or destruction of fish, aquatic life, and other damages.
In November 2011, the Metropolitan Council filed a motion to intervene and a complaint in the NRD Lawsuit seeking compensatory damages and other legal, declaratory and equitable relief, including reasonable attorneys' fees, for costs and fees that the Metropolitan Council alleges it will be required to assess at some time in the future if the MPCA imposes restrictions on Metropolitan Council's PFOS discharges to the Mississippi River, including the installation and maintenance of a water treatment system. The Metropolitan Council's intervention motion was based on several theories, including common law negligence, and statutory claims under MERLA for response costs, and under the Minnesota Environmental Rights Act (MERA) for declaratory and equitable relief against 3M for PFOS and other PFC pollution of the waters and sediments of the Mississippi River. 3M did not object to the motion to intervene. In January 2012, 3M answered the Metropolitan Council's complaint and filed a counterclaim alleging that the Metropolitan Council discharges PFCs to the Mississippi River and discharges PFC-containing sludge and biosolids from one or more of its wastewater treatment plants onto agricultural lands and local area landfills. Accordingly, 3M requested that if the Court finds that the State is entitled to any of the damages the State seeks, 3M seeks contribution and apportionment from the Metropolitan Council, including attorneys' fees, under MERLA, and contribution from and liability for the Metropolitan Council's proportional share of damages awarded to the State under the MWPCA, as well as under statutory nuisance and common law theories of trespass, nuisance, and negligence. 3M also seeks declaratory relief under MERA.
In April 2012, 3M filed a motion to disqualify the State of Minnesota's counsel, Covington & Burling, LLP (Covington). In October 2012, the court granted 3M's motion to disqualify Covington as counsel to the State and the State and Covington appealed the court's disqualification to the Minnesota Court of Appeals. In July 2013, the Minnesota Court of Appeals affirmed the district court's disqualification order. In October 2013, the Minnesota Supreme Court granted both the State's and Covington's petition for review of the decision of the Minnesota Court of Appeals. In April 2014, the Minnesota Supreme Court affirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded the case to the district court for further proceedings. In a separate but related action, the Company filed suit against Covington for breach of its fiduciary duties to the Company and for breach of contract arising out of Covington's representation of the State of Minnesota in the NRD Lawsuit.
The State of New Jersey filed suit in 2005 against Occidental Chemical Corporation, Tierra Solutions Inc., Maxus Energy Corporation and five other companies seeking cleanup and removal costs and other damages associated with the presence of dioxin and other hazardous substances in the sediment of a 17-mile stretch of the Passaic River in New Jersey. In June 2009, the Company, along with more than 250 other companies, was served with a third-party complaint by Tierra Solutions Inc. and Maxus Energy Corporation seeking contribution towards the cost and damages asserted or incurred for investigation and remediation of discharges to the Passaic River. The third-party complaint seeks to spread those costs among the third-party defendants, including 3M. Allegations asserted against 3M relate to its use of two commercial drum conditioning facilities in New Jersey. In March 2013, 3M and other third party defendants entered into a settlement agreement with the state of New Jersey for an amount that is not material to 3M. In December 2013, the Court approved the settlement and entered the Consent Judgment. The settlement resolves claims or potential claims by the State of New Jersey regarding discharges or alleged discharges into the Passaic River by the settling parties, and precludes certain cost recovery actions by the third-party plaintiffs. The settlement with the State of New Jersey does not include release from potential federal claims yet to be asserted. Total costs for the remedy currently proposed by EPA could easily exceed $1 billion. While the Company does not yet have a basis for estimating its potential exposure in the yet to be asserted EPA claim, the Company currently believes its allocable share of the possible loss, if any, is likely to be a fraction of one percent of the total costs because of the Company's limited potential involvement at this site.
For environmental litigation matters described in this section for which a liability, if any, has been recorded, the Company believes the amount recorded, as well as the possible loss or range of loss in excess of the established accrual is not material to the Company's consolidated results of operations or financial condition. For those matters for which a liability has not been recorded, the Company believes such liability is not probable and estimable and the Company is not able to estimate a possible loss or range of loss at this time, with the exception of the Passaic River litigation, where the Company's potential exposure, if any, is likely to be a fraction of one percent of the total costs.
Environmental Liabilities and Insurance Receivables
As of September 30, 2014, the Company had recorded liabilities of $26 million for estimated “environmental remediation” costs based upon an evaluation of currently available facts with respect to each individual site and also recorded related insurance receivables of $11 million. The Company records liabilities for remediation costs on an undiscounted basis when they are probable and reasonably estimable, generally no later than the completion of feasibility studies or the Company's commitment to a plan of action. Liabilities for estimated costs of environmental remediation, depending on the site, are based primarily upon internal or third-party environmental studies, and estimates as to the number, participation level and financial viability of any other potentially responsible parties, the extent of the contamination and the nature of required remedial actions. The Company adjusts recorded liabilities as further information develops or circumstances change. The Company expects that it will pay the amounts recorded over the periods of remediation for the applicable sites, currently ranging up to 20 years.
As of September 30, 2014, the Company had recorded liabilities of $44 million for “other environmental liabilities” based upon an evaluation of currently available facts to implement the Settlement Agreement and Consent Order with the MPCA, the remedial action agreement with ADEM, and to address trace amounts of perfluorinated compounds in drinking water sources in the City of Oakdale, Minnesota, as well as presence in the soil and groundwater at the Company's manufacturing facilities in Decatur, Alabama, and Cottage Grove, Minnesota, and at two former disposal sites in Washington County, Minnesota (Oakdale and Woodbury). The Company expects that most of the spending will occur over the next four years. As of September 30, 2014, the Company's receivable for insurance recoveries related to “other environmental liabilities” was $15 million.
It is difficult to estimate the cost of environmental compliance and remediation given the uncertainties regarding the interpretation and enforcement of applicable environmental laws and regulations, the extent of environmental contamination and the existence of alternative cleanup methods. Developments may occur that could affect the Company's current assessment, including, but not limited to: (i) changes in the information available regarding the environmental impact of the Company's operations and products; (ii) changes in environmental regulations, changes in permissible levels of specific compounds in drinking water sources, or changes in enforcement theories and policies, including efforts to recover natural resource damages; (iii) new and evolving analytical and remediation techniques; (iv) success in allocating liability to other potentially responsible parties; and (v) the financial viability of other potentially responsible parties and third-party indemnitors. For sites included in both “environmental remediation liabilities” and “other environmental liabilities,” at which remediation activity is largely complete and remaining activity relates primarily to operation and maintenance of the remedy, including required post-remediation monitoring, the Company believes the exposure to loss in excess of the amount accrued would not be material to the Company's consolidated results of operations or financial condition. However, for locations at which remediation activity is largely ongoing, the Company cannot estimate a possible loss or range of loss in excess of the associated established accruals for the reasons described above.
Other Matters
Commercial Litigation
In October 2012, four plaintiffs filed purported class actions against Ceradyne, Inc., its directors, 3M, and Cyborg Acquisition Corporation (a direct wholly owned subsidiary of 3M) in connection with 3M's proposed acquisition of Ceradyne. Two suits were filed in California Superior Court for Orange County, and two were filed in the Delaware Chancery Court. The suits alleged that the defendants breached and/or aided and abetted the breach of their fiduciary duties to Ceradyne by seeking to sell Ceradyne through an allegedly unfair process and for an unfair price and on unfair terms, and/or by allegedly failing to make adequate disclosures to Ceradyne stockholders regarding the acquisition of Ceradyne. 3M completed its acquisition of Ceradyne in November 2012. In November 2012, the parties reached a settlement with the California plaintiffs for an amount that is not material to the Company, while the Delaware plaintiffs dismissed their complaints without prejudice. The settlement will bind all former Ceradyne shareholders and has received preliminary approval from the California court. A final approval hearing was held in July 2013, and the California Court denied approval of the settlement. The plaintiffs filed a motion for reconsideration of the denial of approval of the settlement, which motion was denied by the California court. The plaintiffs then filed a motion for leave to amend their complaint, which motion was denied without prejudice in January 2014. By stipulation in February 2014, plaintiffs agreed to voluntarily dismiss claims against 3M and Cyborg Acquisition Corporation without prejudice. In March 2014, the Court entered its Order dismissing 3M and Cyborg Acquisition Corporation from the action without prejudice.
3M sued TransWeb Corporation in Minnesota in 2010 for infringement of several 3M patents covering fluorination and hydrocharging of filter media used in 3M's respirators and furnace filters. TransWeb does not make finished goods, but sells filter media to competitors of 3M's respirator and furnace filter businesses. TransWeb filed a declaratory judgment action in and successfully moved the litigation to the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey, seeking a declaration of invalidity and non-infringement of 3M's patents, and further alleging that 3M waited too long to enforce its rights. TransWeb also alleged 3M obtained the patents through inequitable conduct and that 3M's attempt to enforce the patents constituted a violation of the antitrust laws. In November 2012, a jury returned a verdict in favor of TransWeb on all but one count, including findings that 3M's patents were invalid and not infringed, and that 3M had committed an antitrust violation by seeking to enforce a patent it had obtained fraudulently. The jury also recommended that the court find 3M had committed inequitable conduct in obtaining the patents, and that the patents were therefore unenforceable. Since the vast majority of TransWeb's claim for treble antitrust damages was in the form of its attorneys' fees and expenses in connection with the defense of the patent case, the parties agreed that the measure of damages would not go to the jury, but rather would be submitted to a special master after the trial. The special master's recommendations were forwarded to the court in September 2013. On April 21, 2014, the court issued an order denying 3M's motions to set aside the jury's verdict. In addition, the court found two 3M patents unenforceable due to inequitable conduct. The court accepted the Special Master's recommendation as to the amount of attorneys' fees to be awarded as damages, and entered judgment against 3M in the amount of approximately $26 million. In July 2014, 3M filed a notice of appeal of the judgment to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. The parties will submit their briefs over the next several months. Oral argument is expected in May or June 2015, with a decision to follow thereafter.
For commercial litigation matters described in this section for which a liability has not been recorded, the Company believes that such liability is not probable and estimable and the Company is not able to estimate a possible loss or range of loss at this time, with the exception of the TransWeb matter, where the Company's range of potential exposure, if any, could be approximately $26 million.
Product Liability Litigation
Électricité de France (EDF) filed a lawsuit against 3M France in the French courts in 2006 claiming commercial loss and property damage after experiencing electrical network failures which EDF claims were caused by allegedly defective 3M transition splices. The French Court of Appeals at Versailles affirmed the commercial trial court's decision that the transition splices conformed to contract specifications and that EDF thoroughly analyzed and tested the splices before purchase and installation. The Court of Appeals, however, ordered a court-appointed expert to study the problem and issue a technical opinion on the cause of the network failures. The court-appointed expert submitted his report to the commercial court in May 2014. The expert found potential defects in 3M's product and found that EDF incurred damages in excess of 100 million Euros. The expert's opinion is not dispositive of liability or damages and is subject to numerous factual and legal challenges that will be raised with the court. The commercial court may take from six months to one year to render its decision.
One customer obtained an order in the French courts against 3M Purification SAS (a French subsidiary) in October 2011 appointing an expert to determine the amount of commercial loss and property damage allegedly caused by allegedly defective 3M filters used in the customer's manufacturing process. An Austrian subsidiary of this same customer also filed a claim against 3M Austria GmbH (an Austrian subsidiary) and 3M Purification SAS in the Austrian courts in September 2012 seeking damages for the same issue. Another customer filed a lawsuit against 3M Deutschland GmbH (a German subsidiary) in the German courts in March 2012 seeking commercial loss and property damage allegedly caused by the same 3M filters used in that customer's manufacturing process. The Company has resolved on an amicable basis claims of two other customers arising out of the same issue.
For product liability litigation matters described in this section for which a liability has been recorded, the Company believes the amount recorded is not material to the Company's consolidated results of operations or financial condition. In addition, the Company is not able to estimate a possible loss or range of loss in excess of the established accruals at this time.
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NOTE 12. Stock-Based Compensation
The 3M 2008 Long-Term Incentive Plan, as discussed in 3M's Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 15, 2014 (which updated 3M's 2013 Annual Report on Form 10-K), provides for the issuance or delivery of up to 100 million shares of 3M common stock pursuant to awards granted under the plan. Awards under this plan may be issued in the form of Incentive Stock Options, Nonqualified Stock Options, Progressive Stock Options, Stock Appreciation Rights, Restricted Stock Units, Restricted Stock, Other Stock Awards, and Performance Units and Performance Shares. The remaining total shares available for grant under the 2008 Long Term Incentive Plan Program are 29,004,028 as of September 30, 2014.
The Company's annual stock option and restricted stock unit grant is made in February to provide a strong and immediate link between the performance of individuals during the preceding year and the size of their annual stock compensation grants. The grant to eligible employees uses the closing stock price on the grant date. Accounting rules require recognition of expense under a non-substantive vesting period approach, requiring compensation expense recognition when an employee is eligible to retire. Employees are considered eligible to retire at age 55 and after having completed five years of service. This retiree-eligible population represents 33 percent of the 2014 annual grant stock-based compensation award expense dollars; therefore, higher stock-based compensation expense is recognized in the first quarter.
In addition to the annual grants, the Company makes other minor grants of stock options, restricted stock units and other stock-based grants. The Company issues cash settled Restricted Stock Units and Stock Appreciation Rights in certain countries. These grants do not result in the issuance of Common Stock and are considered immaterial by the Company.
Amounts recognized in the financial statements with respect to stock-based compensation programs, which include stock options, restricted stock units, restricted stock, performance shares and the General Employees' Stock Purchase Plan (GESPP), are provided in the following table. Capitalized stock-based compensation amounts were not material for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013.
Stock-Based Compensation Expense | ||||||||||||
Three months ended | Nine months ended | |||||||||||
September 30, | September 30, | |||||||||||
(Millions) | 2014 | 2013 | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||||
Cost of sales | $ | 9 | $ | 5 | $ | 42 | $ | 23 | ||||
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 31 | 36 | 143 | 149 | ||||||||
Research, development and related expenses | 7 | 6 | 36 | 25 | ||||||||
Stock-based compensation expenses | $ | 47 | $ | 47 | $ | 221 | $ | 197 | ||||
Income tax benefits | $ | (14) | $ | (14) | $ | (67) | $ | (59) | ||||
Stock-based compensation expenses, net of tax | $ | 33 | $ | 33 | $ | 154 | $ | 138 |
The following table summarizes stock option activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2014: | ||||||||||||
Stock Option Program | ||||||||||||
Number of Options | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (months) | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (millions) | |||||||||
Under option — | ||||||||||||
January 1 | 43,938,778 | $ | 83.84 | |||||||||
Granted: | ||||||||||||
Annual | 5,736,183 | 126.77 | ||||||||||
Exercised | (7,765,197) | 82.63 | ||||||||||
Canceled | (189,110) | 104.46 | ||||||||||
September 30 | 41,720,654 | $ | 89.88 | 66 | $ | 2,161 | ||||||
Options exercisable | ||||||||||||
September 30 | 29,955,673 | $ | 81.43 | 51 | $ | 1,805 |
Stock options vest over a period from one year to three years with the expiration date at 10 years from date of grant. As of September 30, 2014, there was $73 million of compensation expense that has yet to be recognized related to non-vested stock option based awards. This expense is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted-average vesting period of 23 months. The total intrinsic values of stock options exercised were $437 million and $444 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Cash received from options exercised was $642 million and $1.282 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The Company's actual tax benefits realized for the tax deductions related to the exercise of employee stock options were $161 million and $164 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
For the primary 2014 annual stock option grant, the weighted average fair value at the date of grant was calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and the assumptions that follow.
Annual | ||||
Stock Option Assumptions | 2014 | |||
Exercise price | $ | 126.72 | ||
Risk-free interest rate | 1.9 | % | ||
Dividend yield | 2.6 | % | ||
Expected volatility | 20.8 | % | ||
Expected life (months) | 75 | |||
Black-Scholes fair value | $ | 19.63 |
Expected volatility is a statistical measure of the amount by which a stock price is expected to fluctuate during a period. For the 2014 annual grant date, the Company estimated the expected volatility based upon the average of the most recent one year volatility, the median of the term of the expected life rolling volatility, the median of the most recent term of the expected life volatility of 3M stock, and the implied volatility on the grant date. The expected term assumption is based on the weighted average of historical grants.
The following table summarizes restricted stock and restricted stock unit activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2014:
Restricted Stock Units and Restricted Stock | ||||||||
Weighted Average | ||||||||
Restricted Stock Units and | Number of | Grant Date | ||||||
Restricted Stock | Awards | Fair Value | ||||||
Nonvested balance — | ||||||||
As of January 1 | 3,105,361 | $ | 92.31 | |||||
Granted: | ||||||||
Annual | 798,615 | 126.79 | ||||||
Other | 27,668 | 142.83 | ||||||
Vested | (1,091,410) | 90.43 | ||||||
Forfeited | (51,287) | 98.21 | ||||||
As of September 30 | 2,788,947 | $ | 103.31 |
As of September 30, 2014, there was $93 million of compensation expense that has yet to be recognized related to non-vested restricted stock units and restricted stock. This expense is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted-average vesting period of 24 months. The total fair value of restricted stock units and restricted stock that vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 was $144 million and $113 million, respectively. The Company's actual tax benefits realized for the tax deductions related to the vesting of restricted stock units and restricted stock was $54 million and $42 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
Restricted stock units granted under the 3M 2008 Long-Term Incentive Plan generally vest three years following the grant date assuming continued employment. Dividend equivalents equal to the dividends payable on the same number of shares of 3M common stock accrue on these restricted stock units during the vesting period, although no dividend equivalents are paid on any of these restricted stock units that are forfeited prior to the vesting date. Dividends are paid out in cash at the vest date on restricted stock units, except for performance shares which do not earn dividends. Since the rights to dividends are forfeitable, there is no impact on basic earnings per share calculations. Weighted average restricted stock unit shares outstanding are included in the computation of diluted earnings per share.
Performance Shares
Instead of restricted stock units, the Company makes annual grants of performance shares to members of its executive management. The performance criteria for these performance shares (Organic Sales Growth, Return on Invested Capital and sales from new products) were selected because the Company believes that they are important drivers of long-term shareholder value. The number of shares of 3M common stock that could actually be delivered at the end of the three-year performance period may be anywhere from 0% to 200% of each performance share granted, depending on the performance of the Company during such performance period. Non-substantive vesting requires that expense for the performance shares be recognized over one or three years depending on when each individual became a 3M executive. The first performance shares, which were granted in 2008, were distributed in 2011. Performance shares do not accrue dividends during the performance period. Therefore, the grant date fair value is determined by reducing the closing stock price on the date of grant by the net present value of dividends during the performance period.
The following table summarizes performance share activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2014:
Weighted Average | ||||||||
Number of | Grant Date | |||||||
Performance Shares | Awards | Fair Value | ||||||
Undistributed balance — | ||||||||
As of January 1 | 895,635 | $ | 88.12 | |||||
Granted | 298,898 | 124.41 | ||||||
Distributed | (277,357) | 84.74 | ||||||
Performance change | 65,653 | 110.72 | ||||||
Forfeited | (33,679) | 109.31 | ||||||
As of September 30 | 949,150 | $ | 101.34 |
As of September 30, 2014, there was $26 million of compensation expense that has yet to be recognized related to performance shares. This expense is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted-average earnings period of 10 months. During the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and September 30, 2013, the total fair value of performance shares that were distributed were $35 million and $52 million, respectively. The Company's actual tax benefits realized for the tax deductions related to the distribution of performance shares for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and September 30, 2013 were $11 million and $16 million, respectively.
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NOTE 13. Business Segments
3M's businesses are organized, managed and internally grouped into segments based on differences in markets, products, technologies and services. 3M manages its operations in five operating business segments: Industrial; Safety and Graphics; Electronics and Energy; Health Care; and Consumer. 3M's five business segments bring together common or related 3M technologies, enhancing the development of innovative products and services and providing for efficient sharing of business resources. These segments have worldwide responsibility for virtually all 3M product lines. 3M is not dependent on any single product/service or market. Transactions among reportable segments are recorded at cost. 3M is an integrated enterprise characterized by substantial intersegment cooperation, cost allocations and inventory transfers. Therefore, management does not represent that these segments, if operated independently, would report the operating income information shown. The difference between operating income and pre-tax income relates to interest income and interest expense, which are not allocated to business segments.
Effective in the first quarter of 2014, 3M transferred a product line between divisions within different business segments and made other changes within business segments in its continuing effort to improve the alignment of its businesses around markets and customers.
The product move between business segments was as follows:
In addition, other changes within business segments were as follows:
Effective in the second quarter of 2014, within the Electronics and Energy business segment, 3M combined three existing divisions into two new divisions. A large portion of both the Electronics Markets Materials Division and the Electronic Solutions Division were combined to form the Electronics Materials Solutions Division, which focuses on semiconductor and electronics materials and assembly solutions. The Optical Systems Division, the remaining portion of the Electronic Solutions Division and a portion of the Electronics Markets Materials Division were combined to form the Display Materials and Systems Division, which focuses on delivering light, color and user interface solutions.
The financial information presented herein reflects the impact of the preceding product move between business segments for all periods presented.
Business Segment Information | Three months ended | Nine months ended | ||||||||||
September 30, | September 30, | |||||||||||
(Millions) | 2014 | 2013 | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||||
Net Sales | ||||||||||||
Industrial | $ | 2,772 | $ | 2,692 | $ | 8,363 | $ | 8,068 | ||||
Safety and Graphics | 1,448 | 1,429 | 4,365 | 4,262 | ||||||||
Electronics and Energy | 1,500 | 1,449 | 4,233 | 4,066 | ||||||||
Health Care | 1,390 | 1,328 | 4,180 | 3,975 | ||||||||
Consumer | 1,177 | 1,153 | 3,395 | 3,332 | ||||||||
Corporate and Unallocated | 3 | 3 | 5 | 6 | ||||||||
Elimination of Dual Credit | (153) | (138) | (439) | (407) | ||||||||
Total Company | $ | 8,137 | $ | 7,916 | $ | 24,102 | $ | 23,302 | ||||
Operating Income | ||||||||||||
Industrial | $ | 616 | $ | 571 | $ | 1,851 | $ | 1,753 | ||||
Safety and Graphics | 340 | 313 | 1,011 | 973 | ||||||||
Electronics and Energy | 338 | 300 | 858 | 733 | ||||||||
Health Care | 432 | 426 | 1,293 | 1,247 | ||||||||
Consumer | 272 | 247 | 741 | 719 | ||||||||
Corporate and Unallocated | (63) | (88) | (184) | (249) | ||||||||
Elimination of Dual Credit | (34) | (30) | (97) | (89) | ||||||||
Total Company | $ | 1,901 | $ | 1,739 | $ | 5,473 | $ | 5,087 |
Corporate and unallocated operating income includes a variety of miscellaneous items, such as corporate investment gains and losses, certain derivative gains and losses, certain insurance-related gains and losses, certain litigation and environmental expenses, corporate restructuring charges and certain under- or over-absorbed costs (e.g. pension, stock-based compensation) that the Company may choose not to allocate directly to its business segments. Because this category includes a variety of miscellaneous items, it is subject to fluctuation on a quarterly and annual basis.
3M business segment reporting measures include dual credit to business segments for certain U.S. sales and related operating income. Management evaluates each of its five operating business segments based on net sales and operating income performance, including dual credit U.S. reporting to further incentivize U.S. sales growth. As a result, 3M provides additional (“dual”) credit to those business segments selling products in the U.S. to an external customer when that segment is not the primary seller of the product. For example, certain respirators are primarily sold by the Personal Safety Division within the Safety and Graphics business segment; however, the Industrial business segment also sells this product to certain customers in its U.S. markets. In this example, the non-primary selling segment (Industrial) would also receive credit for the associated net sales it initiated and the related approximate operating income. The assigned operating income related to dual credit activity may differ from operating income that would result from actual costs associated with such sales. The offset to the dual credit business segment reporting is reflected as a reconciling item entitled “Elimination of Dual Credit,” such that sales and operating income for the U.S. in total are unchanged.
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Basis of Presentation
The interim consolidated financial statements are unaudited but, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. These adjustments consist of normal, recurring items. The results of operations for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year. The interim consolidated financial statements and notes are presented as permitted by the requirements for Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q.
As described in 3M's Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 15, 2014 (which updated 3M's 2013 Annual Report on Form 10-K) and 3M's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2014, effective in the first quarter of 2014, the Company transferred a product line between divisions within different business segments and made other changes within business segments in its continuing effort to improve the alignment of its businesses around markets and customers (refer to Note 13 herein). Segment information presented herein reflects the impact of these changes for all periods presented. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the Company's consolidated financial statements and notes included in its Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 15, 2014.
Also, effective in the second quarter of 2014, within the Electronics and Energy business segment, 3M combined three existing divisions into two new divisions. A large portion of both the Electronics Markets Materials Division and the Electronic Solutions Division were combined to form the Electronics Materials Solutions Division, which focuses on semiconductor and electronics materials and assembly solutions. The Optical Systems Division, the remaining portion of the Electronic Solutions Division and a portion of the Electronics Markets Materials Division were combined to form the Display Materials and Systems Division, which focuses on delivering light, color and user interface solutions.
Foreign Currency Translation
Local currencies generally are considered the functional currencies outside the United States. Assets and liabilities for operations in local-currency environments are translated at month-end exchange rates of the period reported. Income and expense items are translated at month-end exchange rates of each applicable month. Cumulative translation adjustments are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in shareholders' equity.
Although local currencies are typically considered as the functional currencies outside the United States, under Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 830, Foreign Currency Matters, the reporting currency of a foreign entity's parent is assumed to be that entity's functional currency when the economic environment of a foreign entity is highly inflationary—generally when its cumulative inflation is approximately 100 percent or more for the three years that precede the beginning of a reporting period. 3M has a subsidiary in Venezuela with operating income representing less than 1.0 percent of 3M's consolidated operating income for 2013. 3M has determined that the cumulative inflation rate of Venezuela has exceeded, and continues to exceed, 100 percent since November 2009. Accordingly, since January 1, 2010, the financial statements of the Venezuelan subsidiary have been remeasured as if its functional currency were that of its parent.
The Venezuelan government sets official rates of exchange and conditions precedent to purchase foreign currency at these rates with local currency. Such rates and conditions are subject to change. For the periods presented through January 2013, this rate was set under the Transaction System for Foreign Currency Denominated Securities (SITME). In February 2013, the Venezuelan government announced a devaluation of its currency and the elimination of the SITME market. As a result, the official exchange rate controlled by the Commission for the Administration of Foreign Exchange (CADIVI) changed to a rate less favorable than the previous SITME rate.
In January 2014, the Venezuelan government announced that a new agency, the National Center for Foreign Commerce (CENCOEX), had assumed the previous role of CADIVI with respect to the continuation of the existing official exchange rate; significantly expanded the use of a second foreign exchange mechanism called the Complementary System for Foreign Currency Acquirement (or SICAD1); and issued exchange regulations indicating the SICAD1 rate of exchange would be used for payments related to international investments. The SICAD1 exchange mechanism, a complementary currency auction system, had previously been created for purchases of foreign currency by only certain eligible importers and tourists. The government had begun publishing the SICAD1 rate resulting from currency auctions in December 2013. In late March 2014, the Venezuelan government launched a third foreign exchange mechanism, SICAD2, which relies on U.S. dollar cash and U.S. dollar denominated bonds offered by the Venezuelan Central Bank, PDVSA (the Venezuelan national oil and gas company) and certain private companies. SICAD2 was announced as being available to all industry sectors and that its use would not be restricted as to purpose.
Since January 1, 2010, as discussed above, the financial statements of 3M's Venezuelan subsidiary have been remeasured as if its functional currency were that of its parent. For the periods presented, this remeasurement utilized the SITME rate through January 2013, the official CADIVI/CENCOEX rate beginning in February 2013, the SICAD1 rate beginning in March 2014, and the SICAD2 rate beginning in June 2014. 3M's use of SICAD1 and subsequently SICAD2 was based upon evaluation of a number of factors including, but not limited to, the exchange rate the Company's Venezuelan subsidiary may legally use to convert currency, settle transactions or pay dividends; the probability of accessing and obtaining currency by use of a particular rate or mechanism; and the Company's intent and ability to use a particular exchange mechanism. Other factors notwithstanding, the elimination of the SITME rate and use of the CADIVI/CENCOEX exchange rate beginning in February 2013, use of the SICAD1 rate beginning in March 2014, and use of the SICAD2 rate beginning in June 2014 did not have a material impact on 3M's consolidated results of operations or financial condition.
The Company continues to monitor circumstances relative to its Venezuelan subsidiary. Changes in applicable exchange rates or exchange mechanisms may continue in the future. These changes could impact the rate of exchange applicable to remeasure the Company's net monetary assets (liabilities) denominated in Venezuelan Bolivars (VEF). As of September 30, 2014, the Company had a balance of net monetary assets denominated in VEF of less than 125 million VEF and the SICAD1 and SICAD2 exchange rates were approximately 10 VEF and 50 VEF per U.S. dollar, respectively. Had 3M utilized the SICAD1 rate rather than the SICAD2 rate of exchange for remeasurement of such items as of September 30, 2014, the differential would not have had a material impact on 3M's consolidated results of operations or financial condition.
Earnings Per Share
The difference in the weighted average 3M shares outstanding for calculating basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to 3M common shareholders is a result of the dilution associated with the Company's stock-based compensation plans. Certain options outstanding under these stock-based compensation plans were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share attributable to 3M common shareholders because they would not have had a dilutive effect (insignificant for the three months ended September 30, 2014; 1.8 million average options for the nine months ended September 30, 2014; insignificant for the three months ended September 30, 2013; and 2.6 million average options for the nine months ended September 30, 2013). The computations for basic and diluted earnings per share follow:
Earnings Per Share Computations | ||||||||||||||
Three months ended | Nine months ended | |||||||||||||
September 30, | September 30, | |||||||||||||
(Amounts in millions, except per share amounts) | 2014 | 2013 | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||||||
Numerator: | ||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to 3M | $ | 1,303 | $ | 1,230 | $ | 3,777 | $ | 3,556 | ||||||
Denominator: | ||||||||||||||
Denominator for weighted average 3M common shares | ||||||||||||||
outstanding – basic | 645.3 | 679.8 | 652.9 | 686.4 | ||||||||||
Dilution associated with the Company’s stock-based | ||||||||||||||
compensation plans | 12.6 | 12.0 | 12.8 | 11.3 | ||||||||||
Denominator for weighted average 3M common shares | ||||||||||||||
outstanding – diluted | 657.9 | 691.8 | 665.7 | 697.7 | ||||||||||
Earnings per share attributable to 3M common | ||||||||||||||
shareholders – basic | $ | 2.02 | $ | 1.81 | $ | 5.78 | $ | 5.18 | ||||||
Earnings per share attributable to 3M common | ||||||||||||||
shareholders – diluted | $ | 1.98 | $ | 1.78 | $ | 5.67 | $ | 5.10 |
|
Earnings Per Share Computations | ||||||||||||||
Three months ended | Nine months ended | |||||||||||||
September 30, | September 30, | |||||||||||||
(Amounts in millions, except per share amounts) | 2014 | 2013 | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||||||
Numerator: | ||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to 3M | $ | 1,303 | $ | 1,230 | $ | 3,777 | $ | 3,556 | ||||||
Denominator: | ||||||||||||||
Denominator for weighted average 3M common shares | ||||||||||||||
outstanding – basic | 645.3 | 679.8 | 652.9 | 686.4 | ||||||||||
Dilution associated with the Company’s stock-based | ||||||||||||||
compensation plans | 12.6 | 12.0 | 12.8 | 11.3 | ||||||||||
Denominator for weighted average 3M common shares | ||||||||||||||
outstanding – diluted | 657.9 | 691.8 | 665.7 | 697.7 | ||||||||||
Earnings per share attributable to 3M common | ||||||||||||||
shareholders – basic | $ | 2.02 | $ | 1.81 | $ | 5.78 | $ | 5.18 | ||||||
Earnings per share attributable to 3M common | ||||||||||||||
shareholders – diluted | $ | 1.98 | $ | 1.78 | $ | 5.67 | $ | 5.10 |
|
December 31, 2013 | Acquisition | Translation | September 30, 2014 | |||||||||
(Millions) | Balance | activity | and other | Balance | ||||||||
Industrial | $ | 2,166 | $ | ― | $ | (66) | $ | 2,100 | ||||
Safety and Graphics | 1,740 | ― | (48) | 1,692 | ||||||||
Electronics and Energy | 1,612 | ― | (31) | 1,581 | ||||||||
Health Care | 1,596 | 65 | (44) | 1,617 | ||||||||
Consumer | 231 | ― | (8) | 223 | ||||||||
Total Company | $ | 7,345 | $ | 65 | $ | (197) | $ | 7,213 |
September 30, | December 31, | ||||||
(Millions) | 2014 | 2013 | |||||
Customer related intangible assets | $ | 1,375 | $ | 1,411 | |||
Patents | 590 | 602 | |||||
Other technology-based intangible assets | 415 | 406 | |||||
Definite-lived tradenames | 405 | 411 | |||||
Other amortizable intangible assets | 223 | 217 | |||||
Total gross carrying amount | $ | 3,008 | $ | 3,047 | |||
Accumulated amortization — customer related | (577) | (514) | |||||
Accumulated amortization — patents | (473) | (458) | |||||
Accumulated amortization — other technology-based | (210) | (179) | |||||
Accumulated amortization — definite-lived tradenames | (191) | (178) | |||||
Accumulated amortization — other | (166) | (159) | |||||
Total accumulated amortization | $ | (1,617) | $ | (1,488) | |||
Total finite-lived intangible assets — net | $ | 1,391 | $ | 1,559 | |||
Non-amortizable intangible assets (primarily tradenames) | 125 | 129 | |||||
Total intangible assets — net | $ | 1,516 | $ | 1,688 |
Amortization expense for acquired intangible assets for the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 follows: | ||||||||||||
Three months ended | Nine months ended | |||||||||||
September 30, | September 30, | |||||||||||
(Millions) | 2014 | 2013 | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||||
Amortization expense | $ | 56 | $ | 59 | $ | 170 | $ | 179 |
The table below shows expected amortization expense for acquired amortizable intangible assets recorded as of September 30, 2014: | |||||||||||||||||||||
(Millions) | Remainder | ||||||||||||||||||||
of | After | ||||||||||||||||||||
2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||
Amortization expense | $ | 53 | $ | 202 | $ | 189 | $ | 174 | $ | 157 | $ | 145 | $ | 471 |
|
Three months ended September 30, 2014 | 3M Company Shareholders | ||||||||||||||||||
(Millions) | Total | Common Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Treasury Stock | Accumulated Other Comprehen-sive Income (Loss) | Non-controlling Interest | |||||||||||||
Balance at June 30, 2014 | $ | 17,846 | $ | 4,650 | $ | 33,836 | $ | (17,466) | $ | (3,666) | $ | 492 | |||||||
Net income | 1,311 | 1,303 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: | |||||||||||||||||||
Cumulative translation adjustment | (603) | (593) | (10) | ||||||||||||||||
Defined benefit pension and post-retirement | |||||||||||||||||||
plans adjustment | 59 | 59 | ― | ||||||||||||||||
Debt and equity securities - unrealized gain (loss) | (1) | (1) | ― | ||||||||||||||||
Cash flow hedging instruments - unrealized | |||||||||||||||||||
gain (loss) | 68 | 68 | ― | ||||||||||||||||
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net | |||||||||||||||||||
of tax | (477) | ||||||||||||||||||
Dividends declared | (550) | (550) | |||||||||||||||||
Purchase of subsidiary shares | (865) | (433) | 25 | (457) | |||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation, net of tax impacts | 69 | 69 | |||||||||||||||||
Reacquired stock | (1,283) | (1,283) | |||||||||||||||||
Issuances pursuant to stock option and | |||||||||||||||||||
benefit plans | 155 | (105) | 260 | ||||||||||||||||
Balance at September 30, 2014 | $ | 16,206 | $ | 4,286 | $ | 34,484 | $ | (18,489) | $ | (4,108) | $ | 33 | |||||||
Nine months ended September 30, 2014 | 3M Company Shareholders | ||||||||||||||||||
(Millions) | Total | Common Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Treasury Stock | Accumulated Other Comprehen-sive Income (Loss) | Non-controlling Interest | |||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2013 | $ | 17,948 | $ | 4,384 | $ | 32,416 | $ | (15,385) | $ | (3,913) | $ | 446 | |||||||
Net income | 3,819 | 3,777 | 42 | ||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: | |||||||||||||||||||
Cumulative translation adjustment | (456) | (462) | 6 | ||||||||||||||||
Defined benefit pension and post-retirement | |||||||||||||||||||
plans adjustment | 180 | 180 | ― | ||||||||||||||||
Debt and equity securities - unrealized gain (loss) | 1 | 1 | ― | ||||||||||||||||
Cash flow hedging instruments - unrealized | |||||||||||||||||||
gain (loss) | 61 | 61 | ― | ||||||||||||||||
Total other comprehensive income (loss), | |||||||||||||||||||
net of tax | (214) | ||||||||||||||||||
Dividends declared | (1,105) | (1,105) | |||||||||||||||||
Purchase of subsidiary shares | (870) | (434) | 25 | (461) | |||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation, net of tax impacts | 336 | 336 | |||||||||||||||||
Reacquired stock | (4,438) | (4,438) | |||||||||||||||||
Issuances pursuant to stock option and | |||||||||||||||||||
benefit plans | 730 | (604) | 1,334 | ||||||||||||||||
Balance at September 30, 2014 | $ | 16,206 | $ | 4,286 | $ | 34,484 | $ | (18,489) | $ | (4,108) | $ | 33 |
Three months ended September 30, 2013 | 3M Company Shareholders | ||||||||||||||||||
(Millions) | Total | Common Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Treasury Stock | Accumulated Other Comprehen-sive Income (Loss) | Non-controlling Interest | |||||||||||||
Balance at June 30, 2013 | $ | 18,319 | $ | 4,252 | $ | 31,716 | $ | (12,926) | $ | (5,166) | $ | 443 | |||||||
Net income | 1,245 | 1,230 | 15 | ||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: | |||||||||||||||||||
Cumulative translation adjustment | 284 | 286 | (2) | ||||||||||||||||
Defined benefit pension and post-retirement | |||||||||||||||||||
plans adjustment | 92 | 92 | ― | ||||||||||||||||
Debt and equity securities - unrealized gain (loss) | 2 | 2 | ― | ||||||||||||||||
Cash flow hedging instruments - unrealized | |||||||||||||||||||
gain (loss) | (24) | (24) | ― | ||||||||||||||||
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net | |||||||||||||||||||
of tax | 354 | ||||||||||||||||||
Dividends declared | (431) | (431) | |||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation, net of tax impacts | 66 | 66 | |||||||||||||||||
Reacquired stock | (1,570) | (1,570) | |||||||||||||||||
Issuances pursuant to stock option and | |||||||||||||||||||
benefit plans | 269 | (103) | 372 | ||||||||||||||||
Balance at September 30, 2013 | $ | 18,252 | $ | 4,318 | $ | 32,412 | $ | (14,124) | $ | (4,810) | $ | 456 | |||||||
Nine months ended September 30, 2013 | 3M Company Shareholders | ||||||||||||||||||
(Millions) | Total | Common Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Treasury Stock | Accumulated Other Comprehen-sive Income (Loss) | Non-controlling Interest | |||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2012 | $ | 18,040 | $ | 4,053 | $ | 30,679 | $ | (12,407) | $ | (4,750) | $ | 465 | |||||||
Net income | 3,605 | 3,556 | 49 | ||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: | |||||||||||||||||||
Cumulative translation adjustment | (393) | (334) | (59) | ||||||||||||||||
Defined benefit pension and post-retirement | |||||||||||||||||||
plans adjustment | 268 | 268 | ― | ||||||||||||||||
Debt and equity securities - unrealized gain (loss) | (2) | (2) | ― | ||||||||||||||||
Cash flow hedging instruments - unrealized | |||||||||||||||||||
gain (loss) | 8 | 8 | ― | ||||||||||||||||
Total other comprehensive income (loss), | |||||||||||||||||||
net of tax | (119) | ||||||||||||||||||
Dividends declared | (1,307) | (1,307) | |||||||||||||||||
Sale of subsidiary shares | 8 | 7 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation, net of tax impacts | 258 | 258 | |||||||||||||||||
Reacquired stock | (3,609) | (3,609) | |||||||||||||||||
Issuances pursuant to stock option and | |||||||||||||||||||
benefit plans | 1,376 | (516) | 1,892 | ||||||||||||||||
Balance at September 30, 2013 | $ | 18,252 | $ | 4,318 | $ | 32,412 | $ | (14,124) | $ | (4,810) | $ | 456 |
Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to 3M by Component | ||||||||||||||||||
Three months ended September 30, 2014 | ||||||||||||||||||
(Millions) | Cumulative Translation Adjustment | Defined Benefit Pension and Postretirement Plans Adjustment | Debt and Equity Securities, Unrealized Gain (Loss) | Cash Flow Hedging Instruments, Unrealized Gain (Loss) | Total Accumulated Other Comprehen-sive Income (Loss) | |||||||||||||
Balance at June 30, 2014, net of tax | $ | (57) | $ | (3,594) | $ | ― | $ | (15) | $ | (3,666) | ||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss), | ||||||||||||||||||
before tax: | ||||||||||||||||||
Amounts before reclassifications | (537) | ― | (1) | 98 | (440) | |||||||||||||
Amounts reclassified out | ― | 89 | ― | 9 | 98 | |||||||||||||
Total other comprehensive income (loss), | ||||||||||||||||||
before tax | (537) | 89 | (1) | 107 | (342) | |||||||||||||
Tax effect | (56) | (30) | ― | (39) | (125) | |||||||||||||
Total other comprehensive income (loss), | ||||||||||||||||||
net of tax | (593) | 59 | (1) | 68 | (467) | |||||||||||||
Impact from purchase of subsidiary shares | 41 | (16) | ― | ― | 25 | |||||||||||||
Balance at September 30, 2014, net of tax | $ | (609) | $ | (3,551) | $ | (1) | $ | 53 | $ | (4,108) | ||||||||
Nine months ended September 30, 2014 | ||||||||||||||||||
(Millions) | Cumulative Translation Adjustment | Defined Benefit Pension and Postretirement Plans Adjustment | Debt and Equity Securities, Unrealized Gain (Loss) | Cash Flow Hedging Instruments, Unrealized Gain (Loss) | Total Accumulated Other Comprehen-sive Income (Loss) | |||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2013, net of tax | $ | (188) | $ | (3,715) | $ | (2) | $ | (8) | $ | (3,913) | ||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss), | ||||||||||||||||||
before tax: | ||||||||||||||||||
Amounts before reclassifications | (403) | ― | 2 | 86 | (315) | |||||||||||||
Amounts reclassified out | ― | 272 | ― | 8 | 280 | |||||||||||||
Total other comprehensive income (loss), | ||||||||||||||||||
before tax | (403) | 272 | 2 | 94 | (35) | |||||||||||||
Tax effect | (59) | (92) | (1) | (33) | (185) | |||||||||||||
Total other comprehensive income (loss), | ||||||||||||||||||
net of tax | (462) | 180 | 1 | 61 | (220) | |||||||||||||
Impact from purchase of subsidiary shares | 41 | (16) | ― | ― | 25 | |||||||||||||
Balance at September 30, 2014, net of tax | $ | (609) | $ | (3,551) | $ | (1) | $ | 53 | $ | (4,108) |
Three months ended September 30, 2013 | ||||||||||||||||||
(Millions) | Cumulative Translation Adjustment | Defined Benefit Pension and Postretirement Plans Adjustment | Debt and Equity Securities, Unrealized Gain (Loss) | Cash Flow Hedging Instruments, Unrealized Gain (Loss) | Total Accumulated Other Comprehen-sive Income (Loss) | |||||||||||||
Balance at June 30, 2013, net of tax | $ | (390) | $ | (4,779) | $ | (6) | $ | 9 | $ | (5,166) | ||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss), | ||||||||||||||||||
before tax: | ||||||||||||||||||
Amounts before reclassifications | 240 | ― | 3 | 5 | 248 | |||||||||||||
Amounts reclassified out | ― | 144 | ― | (43) | 101 | |||||||||||||
Total other comprehensive income (loss), | ||||||||||||||||||
before tax | 240 | 144 | 3 | (38) | 349 | |||||||||||||
Tax effect | 46 | (52) | (1) | 14 | 7 | |||||||||||||
Total other comprehensive income (loss), | ||||||||||||||||||
net of tax | 286 | 92 | 2 | (24) | 356 | |||||||||||||
Balance at September 30, 2013, net of tax | $ | (104) | $ | (4,687) | $ | (4) | $ | (15) | $ | (4,810) | ||||||||
Nine months ended September 30, 2013 | ||||||||||||||||||
(Millions) | Cumulative Translation Adjustment | Defined Benefit Pension and Postretirement Plans Adjustment | Debt and Equity Securities, Unrealized Gain (Loss) | Cash Flow Hedging Instruments, Unrealized Gain (Loss) | Total Accumulated Other Comprehen-sive Income (Loss) | |||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2012, net of tax | $ | 230 | $ | (4,955) | $ | (2) | $ | (23) | $ | (4,750) | ||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss), | ||||||||||||||||||
before tax: | ||||||||||||||||||
Amounts before reclassifications | (344) | ― | (3) | (109) | (456) | |||||||||||||
Amounts reclassified out | ― | 431 | ― | 121 | 552 | |||||||||||||
Total other comprehensive income (loss), | ||||||||||||||||||
before tax | (344) | 431 | (3) | 12 | 96 | |||||||||||||
Tax effect | 10 | (163) | 1 | (4) | (156) | |||||||||||||
Total other comprehensive income (loss), | ||||||||||||||||||
net of tax | (334) | 268 | (2) | 8 | (60) | |||||||||||||
Balance at September 30, 2013, net of tax | $ | (104) | $ | (4,687) | $ | (4) | $ | (15) | $ | (4,810) |
Reclassifications out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Attributable to 3M | |||||||||||||||
Amount Reclassified from | |||||||||||||||
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | |||||||||||||||
(Millions) | Three months ended September 30, | Nine months ended September 30, | Location on Income Statement | ||||||||||||
Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Components | 2014 | 2013 | 2014 | 2013 | |||||||||||
Gains (losses) associated with, defined benefit pension and postretirement plans amortization | |||||||||||||||
Transition asset | $ | 1 | $ | ― | $ | 1 | $ | 1 | See Note 8 | ||||||
Prior service benefit | 15 | 19 | 45 | 59 | See Note 8 | ||||||||||
Net actuarial loss | (105) | (163) | (318) | (491) | See Note 8 | ||||||||||
Total before tax | (89) | (144) | (272) | (431) | |||||||||||
Tax effect | 30 | 52 | 92 | 163 | Provision for income taxes | ||||||||||
Net of tax | $ | (59) | $ | (92) | $ | (180) | $ | (268) | |||||||
Debt and equity security gains (losses) | |||||||||||||||
Sales or impairments of securities | $ | ― | $ | ― | $ | ― | $ | ― | Selling, general and administrative expenses | ||||||
Total before tax | ― | ― | ― | ― | |||||||||||
Tax effect | ― | ― | ― | ― | Provision for income taxes | ||||||||||
Net of tax | $ | ― | $ | ― | $ | ― | $ | ― | |||||||
Cash flow hedging instruments gains (losses) | |||||||||||||||
Foreign currency forward/option contracts | $ | (7) | $ | 1 | $ | (9) | $ | (8) | Cost of sales | ||||||
Foreign currency forward contracts | ― | 44 | ― | (111) | Interest expense | ||||||||||
Commodity price swap contracts | (1) | (1) | 2 | (1) | Cost of sales | ||||||||||
Interest rate swap contracts | (1) | (1) | (1) | (1) | Interest expense | ||||||||||
Total before tax | (9) | 43 | (8) | (121) | |||||||||||
Tax effect | 3 | (15) | 3 | 44 | Provision for income taxes | ||||||||||
Net of tax | $ | (6) | $ | 28 | $ | (5) | $ | (77) | |||||||
Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax | $ | (65) | $ | (64) | $ | (185) | $ | (345) |
(Millions) | Three months ended September 30, 2014 | Nine months ended September 30, 2014 | |||||
Net income attributable to 3M | $ | 1,303 | $ | 3,777 | |||
Impact of purchase of subsidiary shares | (408) | (409) | |||||
Change in 3M Company shareholders' equity from net income | |||||||
attributable to 3M and impact of purchase of subsidiary shares | $ | 895 | $ | 3,368 |
|
September 30, | December 31, | ||||||
(Millions) | 2014 | 2013 | |||||
U.S. government agency securities | $ | 78 | $ | 103 | |||
Foreign government agency securities | 85 | 30 | |||||
Corporate debt securities | 250 | 143 | |||||
Commercial paper | 14 | 60 | |||||
Certificates of deposit/time deposits | 43 | 20 | |||||
U.S. municipal securities | ― | 2 | |||||
Asset-backed securities: | |||||||
Automobile loan related | 162 | 287 | |||||
Credit card related | 74 | 52 | |||||
Equipment lease related | 42 | 30 | |||||
Other | 19 | 29 | |||||
Asset-backed securities total | 297 | 398 | |||||
Current marketable securities | $ | 767 | $ | 756 | |||
U.S. government agency securities | $ | 70 | $ | 131 | |||
Foreign government agency securities | 20 | 95 | |||||
Corporate debt securities | 539 | 638 | |||||
Certificates of deposit/time deposits | ― | 20 | |||||
U.S. treasury securities | 49 | 49 | |||||
Auction rate securities | 12 | 11 | |||||
Asset-backed securities: | |||||||
Automobile loan related | 221 | 298 | |||||
Credit card related | 118 | 128 | |||||
Equipment lease related | 30 | 37 | |||||
Other | 46 | 46 | |||||
Asset-backed securities total | 415 | 509 | |||||
Non-current marketable securities | $ | 1,105 | $ | 1,453 | |||
Total marketable securities | $ | 1,872 | $ | 2,209 |
(Millions) | September 30, 2014 | ||
Due in one year or less | $ | 427 | |
Due after one year through five years | 1,421 | ||
Due after five years through ten years | 24 | ||
Due after ten years | ― | ||
Total marketable securities | $ | 1,872 |
|
Three months ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||
Qualified and Non-qualified | |||||||||||||||||||
Pension Benefits | Postretirement | ||||||||||||||||||
United States | International | Benefits | |||||||||||||||||
(Millions) | 2014 | 2013 | 2014 | 2013 | 2014 | 2013 | |||||||||||||
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit) | |||||||||||||||||||
Service cost | $ | 60 | $ | 64 | $ | 36 | $ | 37 | $ | 16 | $ | 20 | |||||||
Interest cost | 169 | 150 | 65 | 61 | 24 | 22 | |||||||||||||
Expected return on plan assets | (261) | (262) | (79) | (75) | (22) | (22) | |||||||||||||
Amortization of transition (asset) obligation | ― | ― | (1) | ― | ― | ― | |||||||||||||
Amortization of prior service cost (benefit) | 1 | 1 | (4) | (4) | (12) | (16) | |||||||||||||
Amortization of net actuarial (gain) loss | 60 | 100 | 31 | 39 | 14 | 24 | |||||||||||||
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit) | $ | 29 | $ | 53 | $ | 48 | $ | 58 | $ | 20 | $ | 28 | |||||||
Settlements, curtailments, special termination benefits and other | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | |||||||||||||
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit) after settlements, curtailments, | |||||||||||||||||||
special termination benefits and other | $ | 29 | $ | 53 | $ | 48 | $ | 58 | $ | 20 | $ | 28 | |||||||
Nine months ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||
Qualified and Non-qualified | |||||||||||||||||||
Pension Benefits | Postretirement | ||||||||||||||||||
United States | International | Benefits | |||||||||||||||||
(Millions) | 2014 | 2013 | 2014 | 2013 | 2014 | 2013 | |||||||||||||
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit) | |||||||||||||||||||
Service cost | $ | 180 | $ | 192 | $ | 107 | $ | 109 | $ | 49 | $ | 60 | |||||||
Interest cost | 507 | 449 | 194 | 183 | 72 | 66 | |||||||||||||
Expected return on plan assets | (783) | (784) | (238) | (225) | (67) | (67) | |||||||||||||
Amortization of transition (asset) obligation | ― | ― | (1) | (1) | ― | ― | |||||||||||||
Amortization of prior service cost (benefit) | 3 | 3 | (12) | (13) | (36) | (49) | |||||||||||||
Amortization of net actuarial (gain) loss | 182 | 300 | 93 | 119 | 43 | 72 | |||||||||||||
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit) | $ | 89 | $ | 160 | $ | 143 | $ | 172 | $ | 61 | $ | 82 | |||||||
Settlements, curtailments, special termination benefits and other | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | |||||||||||||
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit) after settlements, curtailments, | |||||||||||||||||||
special termination benefits and other | $ | 89 | $ | 160 | $ | 143 | $ | 172 | $ | 61 | $ | 82 |
|
Three months ended September 30, 2014 | |||||||||||||
(Millions) | Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income on Effective Portion of Derivative | Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Effective Portion of Derivative as a Result of Reclassification from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Ineffective Portion of Gain (Loss) on Derivative and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing Recognized in Income | ||||||||||
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships | Amount | Location | Amount | Location | Amount | ||||||||
Foreign currency forward/option contracts | $ | 103 | Cost of sales | $ | (7) | Cost of sales | $ | ― | |||||
Commodity price swap contracts | (3) | Cost of sales | (1) | Cost of sales | ― | ||||||||
Interest rate swap contracts | (2) | Interest expense | (1) | Interest expense | ― | ||||||||
Total | $ | 98 | $ | (9) | $ | ― |
Nine months ended September 30, 2014 | |||||||||||||
(Millions) | Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income on Effective Portion of Derivative | Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Effective Portion of Derivative as a Result of Reclassification from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Ineffective Portion of Gain (Loss) on Derivative and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing Recognized in Income | ||||||||||
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships | Amount | Location | Amount | Location | Amount | ||||||||
Foreign currency forward/option contracts | $ | 90 | Cost of sales | $ | (9) | Cost of sales | $ | ― | |||||
Commodity price swap contracts | (2) | Cost of sales | 2 | Cost of sales | ― | ||||||||
Interest rate swap contracts | (2) | Interest expense | (1) | Interest expense | ― | ||||||||
Total | $ | 86 | $ | (8) | $ | ― |
Three months ended September 30, 2013 | |||||||||||||
(Millions) | Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income on Effective Portion of Derivative | Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Effective Portion of Derivative as a Result of Reclassification from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Ineffective Portion of Gain (Loss) on Derivative and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing Recognized in Income | ||||||||||
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships | Amount | Location | Amount | Location | Amount | ||||||||
Foreign currency forward/option contracts | $ | (39) | Cost of sales | $ | 1 | Cost of sales | $ | ― | |||||
Foreign currency forward contracts | 44 | Interest expense | 44 | Interest expense | ― | ||||||||
Commodity price swap contracts | ― | Cost of sales | (1) | Cost of sales | ― | ||||||||
Interest rate swap contracts | ― | Interest expense | (1) | Interest expense | ― | ||||||||
Total | $ | 5 | $ | 43 | $ | ― |
Nine months ended September 30, 2013 | |||||||||||||
(Millions) | Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income on Effective Portion of Derivative | Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Effective Portion of Derivative as a Result of Reclassification from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Ineffective Portion of Gain (Loss) on Derivative and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing Recognized in Income | ||||||||||
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships | Amount | Location | Amount | Location | Amount | ||||||||
Foreign currency forward/option contracts | $ | 2 | Cost of sales | $ | (8) | Cost of sales | $ | ― | |||||
Foreign currency forward contracts | (110) | Interest expense | (111) | Interest expense | ― | ||||||||
Commodity price swap contracts | (1) | Cost of sales | (1) | Cost of sales | ― | ||||||||
Interest rate swap contracts | ― | Interest expense | (1) | Interest expense | ― | ||||||||
Total | $ | (109) | $ | (121) | $ | ― |
Three months ended September 30, 2014 | Gain (Loss) on Derivative | Gain (Loss) on Hedged Item | ||||||||
(Millions) | Recognized in Income | Recognized in Income | ||||||||
Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships | Location | Amount | Location | Amount | ||||||
Interest rate swap contracts | Interest expense | $ | ― | Interest expense | $ | ― | ||||
Total | $ | ― | $ | ― | ||||||
Nine months ended September 30, 2014 | Gain (Loss) on Derivative | Gain (Loss) on Hedged Item | ||||||||
(Millions) | Recognized in Income | Recognized in Income | ||||||||
Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships | Location | Amount | Location | Amount | ||||||
Interest rate swap contracts | Interest expense | $ | 13 | Interest expense | $ | (13) | ||||
Total | $ | 13 | $ | (13) | ||||||
Three months ended September 30, 2013 | Gain (Loss) on Derivative | Gain (Loss) on Hedged Item | ||||||||
(Millions) | Recognized in Income | Recognized in Income | ||||||||
Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships | Location | Amount | Location | Amount | ||||||
Interest rate swap contracts | Interest expense | $ | (3) | Interest expense | $ | 3 | ||||
Total | $ | (3) | $ | 3 | ||||||
Nine months ended September 30, 2013 | Gain (Loss) on Derivative | Gain (Loss) on Hedged Item | ||||||||
(Millions) | Recognized in Income | Recognized in Income | ||||||||
Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships | Location | Amount | Location | Amount | ||||||
Interest rate swap contracts | Interest expense | $ | (11) | Interest expense | $ | 11 | ||||
Total | $ | (11) | $ | 11 |
Three months ended September 30, 2014 | ||||||||
Derivative and Nonderivative Instruments in Net Investment Hedging Relationships | Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized as Cumulative Translation within Other Comprehensive Income on Effective Portion of Instrument | Ineffective Portion of Gain (Loss) on Instrument and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing Recognized in Income | ||||||
(Millions) | Amount | Location | Amount | |||||
Foreign currency denominated debt | $ | (54) | N/A | $ | ― | |||
Foreign currency forward contracts | 55 | N/A | ― | |||||
Total | $ | 1 | $ | ― | ||||
Nine months ended September 30, 2014 | ||||||||
Derivative and Nonderivative Instruments in Net Investment Hedging Relationships | Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized as Cumulative Translation within Other Comprehensive Income on Effective Portion of Instrument | Ineffective Portion of Gain (Loss) on Instrument and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing Recognized in Income | ||||||
(Millions) | Amount | Location | Amount | |||||
Foreign currency denominated debt | $ | (81) | N/A | $ | ― | |||
Foreign currency forward contracts | 56 | N/A | ― | |||||
Total | $ | (25) | $ | ― | ||||
Three months ended September 30, 2013 | ||||||||
Derivative and Nonderivative Instruments in Net Investment Hedging Relationships | Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized as Cumulative Translation within Other Comprehensive Income on Effective Portion of Instrument | Ineffective Portion of Gain (Loss) on Instrument and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing Recognized in Income | ||||||
(Millions) | Amount | Location | Amount | |||||
Foreign currency denominated debt | $ | (52) | N/A | $ | ― | |||
Total | $ | (52) | $ | ― | ||||
Nine months ended September 30, 2013 | ||||||||
Derivative and Nonderivative Instruments in Net Investment Hedging Relationships | Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized as Cumulative Translation within Other Comprehensive Income on Effective Portion of Instrument | Ineffective Portion of Gain (Loss) on Instrument and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing Recognized in Income | ||||||
(Millions) | Amount | Location | Amount | |||||
Foreign currency denominated debt | $ | (35) | N/A | $ | ― | |||
Total | $ | (35) | $ | ― |
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments | Three months ended September 30, 2014 | Nine months ended September 30, 2014 | ||||||||
Gain (Loss) on Derivative Recognized in Income | Gain (Loss) on Derivative Recognized in Income | |||||||||
(Millions) | Location | Amount | Location | Amount | ||||||
Foreign currency forward/option contracts | Cost of sales | $ | 8 | Cost of sales | $ | 5 | ||||
Foreign currency forward contracts | Interest expense | (72) | Interest expense | (4) | ||||||
Total | $ | (64) | $ | 1 | ||||||
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments | Three months ended September 30, 2013 | Nine months ended September 30, 2013 | ||||||||
Gain (Loss) on Derivative Recognized in Income | Gain (Loss) on Derivative Recognized in Income | |||||||||
(Millions) | Location | Amount | Location | Amount | ||||||
Foreign currency forward/option contracts | Cost of sales | $ | (16) | Cost of sales | $ | 15 | ||||
Foreign currency forward contracts | Interest expense | ― | Interest expense | (6) | ||||||
Commodity price swap contracts | Cost of sales | ― | Cost of sales | (1) | ||||||
Total | $ | (16) | $ | 8 |
September 30, 2014 | |||||||||||
(Millions) | Assets | Liabilities | |||||||||
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments | Location | Amount | Location | Amount | |||||||
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | |||||||||||
Foreign currency forward/option contracts | Other current assets | $ | 81 | Other current liabilities | $ | 4 | |||||
Foreign currency forward/option contracts | Other assets | 26 | Other liabilities | ― | |||||||
Commodity price swap contracts | Other current assets | ― | Other current liabilities | 3 | |||||||
Interest rate swap contracts | Other assets | 23 | Other liabilities | 11 | |||||||
Total derivatives designated as | |||||||||||
hedging instruments | $ | 130 | $ | 18 | |||||||
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | |||||||||||
Foreign currency forward/option contracts | Other current assets | $ | 68 | Other current liabilities | $ | 46 | |||||
Total derivatives not designated as | |||||||||||
hedging instruments | $ | 68 | $ | 46 | |||||||
Total derivative instruments | $ | 198 | $ | 64 | |||||||
December 31, 2013 | |||||||||||
(Millions) | Assets | Liabilities | |||||||||
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments | Location | Amount | Location | Amount | |||||||
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | |||||||||||
Foreign currency forward/option contracts | Other current assets | $ | 24 | Other current liabilities | $ | 35 | |||||
Commodity price swap contracts | Other current assets | 1 | Other current liabilities | ― | |||||||
Interest rate swap contracts | Other assets | 8 | Other liabilities | 7 | |||||||
Total derivatives designated as | |||||||||||
hedging instruments | $ | 33 | $ | 42 | |||||||
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | |||||||||||
Foreign currency forward/option contracts | Other current assets | $ | 51 | Other current liabilities | $ | 68 | |||||
Total derivatives not designated as | |||||||||||
hedging instruments | $ | 51 | $ | 68 | |||||||
Total derivative instruments | $ | 84 | $ | 110 |
Offsetting of Financial Assets/Liabilities under Master Netting Agreements with Derivative Counterparties | |||||||||||||||||||
September 30, 2014 | |||||||||||||||||||
Gross Amounts not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet that are Subject to Master Netting Agreements | |||||||||||||||||||
(Millions) | Gross Amount of Derivative Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet | Gross Amount of Eligible Offsetting Recognized Derivative Liabilities | Cash Collateral Received | Net Amount of Derivative Assets | |||||||||||||||
Derivatives subject to master | |||||||||||||||||||
netting agreements | $ | 198 | $ | 27 | $ | ― | $ | 171 | |||||||||||
Derivatives not subject to master | |||||||||||||||||||
netting agreements | ― | ― | |||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 198 | $ | 171 |
December 31, 2013 | |||||||||||||
Gross Amounts not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet that are Subject to Master Netting Agreements | |||||||||||||
(Millions) | Gross Amount of Derivative Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet | Gross Amount of Eligible Offsetting Recognized Derivative Liabilities | Cash Collateral Received | Net Amount of Derivative Assets | |||||||||
Derivatives subject to master | |||||||||||||
netting agreements | $ | 83 | $ | 51 | $ | ― | $ | 32 | |||||
Derivatives not subject to master | |||||||||||||
netting agreements | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 84 | $ | 33 |
September 30, 2014 | |||||||||||||
Gross Amounts not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet that are Subject to Master Netting Agreements | |||||||||||||
(Millions) | Gross Amount of Derivative Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet | Gross Amount of Eligible Offsetting Recognized Derivative Assets | Cash Collateral Pledged | Net Amount of Derivative Liabilities | |||||||||
Derivatives subject to master | |||||||||||||
netting agreements | $ | 61 | $ | 27 | $ | ― | $ | 34 | |||||
Derivatives not subject to master | |||||||||||||
netting agreements | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 64 | $ | 37 |
December 31, 2013 | |||||||||||||
Gross Amounts not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet that are Subject to Master Netting Agreements | |||||||||||||
(Millions) | Gross Amount of Derivative Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet | Gross Amount of Eligible Offsetting Recognized Derivative Assets | Cash Collateral Pledged | Net Amount of Derivative Liabilities | |||||||||
Derivatives subject to master | |||||||||||||
netting agreements | $ | 110 | $ | 51 | $ | ― | $ | 59 | |||||
Derivatives not subject to master | |||||||||||||
netting agreements | ― | ― | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 110 | $ | 59 |
|
Fair Value Measurements | |||||||||||||||
(Millions) | Fair Value at | Using Inputs Considered as | |||||||||||||
Description | September 30, 2014 | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | |||||||||||
Assets: | |||||||||||||||
Available-for-sale: | |||||||||||||||
Marketable securities: | |||||||||||||||
U.S. government agency securities | $ | 148 | $ | ― | $ | 148 | $ | ― | |||||||
Foreign government agency securities | 105 | ― | 105 | ― | |||||||||||
Corporate debt securities | 789 | ― | 789 | ― | |||||||||||
Certificates of deposit/time deposits | 43 | ― | 43 | ― | |||||||||||
Commercial paper | 14 | ― | 14 | ― | |||||||||||
Asset-backed securities: | |||||||||||||||
Automobile loan related | 383 | ― | 383 | ― | |||||||||||
Credit card related | 192 | ― | 192 | ― | |||||||||||
Equipment lease related | 72 | ― | 72 | ― | |||||||||||
Other | 65 | ― | 65 | ― | |||||||||||
U.S. treasury securities | 49 | 49 | ― | ― | |||||||||||
Auction rate securities | 12 | ― | ― | 12 | |||||||||||
Investments | 1 | 1 | ― | ― | |||||||||||
Derivative instruments — assets: | |||||||||||||||
Foreign currency forward/option contracts | 175 | 175 | ― | ― | |||||||||||
Interest rate swap contracts | 23 | ― | 23 | ― | |||||||||||
Liabilities: | |||||||||||||||
Derivative instruments — liabilities: | |||||||||||||||
Foreign currency forward/option contracts | 50 | 50 | ― | ― | |||||||||||
Commodity price swap contracts | 3 | 3 | ― | ― | |||||||||||
Interest rate swap contracts | 11 | ― | 11 | ― |
Fair Value at | Fair Value Measurements | ||||||||||||||
(Millions) | December 31, 2013 | Using Inputs Considered as | |||||||||||||
Description | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | ||||||||||||
Assets: | |||||||||||||||
Available-for-sale: | |||||||||||||||
Marketable securities: | |||||||||||||||
U.S. government agency securities | $ | 234 | $ | ― | $ | 234 | $ | ― | |||||||
Foreign government agency securities | 125 | ― | 125 | ― | |||||||||||
Corporate debt securities | 781 | ― | 781 | ― | |||||||||||
Certificates of deposit/time deposits | 40 | ― | 40 | ― | |||||||||||
Commercial paper | 60 | ― | 60 | ― | |||||||||||
Asset-backed securities: | |||||||||||||||
Automobile loan related | 585 | ― | 585 | ― | |||||||||||
Credit card related | 180 | ― | 180 | ― | |||||||||||
Equipment lease related | 67 | ― | 67 | ― | |||||||||||
Other | 75 | ― | 75 | ― | |||||||||||
U.S. treasury securities | 49 | 49 | ― | ― | |||||||||||
U.S. municipal securities | 2 | ― | 2 | ― | |||||||||||
Auction rate securities | 11 | ― | ― | 11 | |||||||||||
Investments | 2 | 2 | ― | ― | |||||||||||
Derivative instruments — assets: | |||||||||||||||
Foreign currency forward/option contracts | 75 | 75 | ― | ― | |||||||||||
Commodity price swap contracts | 1 | 1 | ― | ― | |||||||||||
Interest rate swap contracts | 8 | ― | 8 | ― | |||||||||||
Liabilities: | |||||||||||||||
Derivative instruments — liabilities: | |||||||||||||||
Foreign currency forward/option contracts | 103 | 103 | ― | ― | |||||||||||
Interest rate swap contracts | 7 | ― | 7 | ― |
Three months ended | Nine months ended | ||||||||||||
(Millions) | September 30, | September 30, | |||||||||||
Marketable securities – auction rate securities only | 2014 | 2013 | 2014 | 2013 | |||||||||
Beginning balance | $ | 12 | $ | 10 | $ | 11 | $ | 7 | |||||
Total gains or losses: | |||||||||||||
Included in earnings | ― | ― | ― | ― | |||||||||
Included in other comprehensive income | ― | ― | 1 | 3 | |||||||||
Purchases, issuances, and settlements | ― | ― | ― | ― | |||||||||
Transfers in and/or out of Level 3 | ― | ― | ― | ― | |||||||||
Ending balance | 12 | 10 | 12 | 10 | |||||||||
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in | |||||||||||||
earnings for securities held at the end of the reporting period | ― | ― | ― | ― |
September 30, 2014 | December 31, 2013 | ||||||||||||
Carrying | Fair | Carrying | Fair | ||||||||||
(Millions) | Value | Value | Value | Value | |||||||||
Eurobond securities (repaid July 2014) | $ | ― | $ | ― | $ | 1,424 | $ | 1,447 | |||||
Long-term debt, excluding current portion | 5,225 | 5,545 | 4,326 | 4,463 |
|
Liability and Receivable Balances | ||||||
(Millions) | September 30, 2014 | December 31, 2013 | ||||
Respirator mask/asbestos liabilities | $ | 175 | $ | 152 | ||
Respirator mask/asbestos insurance receivables | 41 | 58 | ||||
Environmental remediation liabilities | $ | 26 | $ | 27 | ||
Environmental remediation insurance receivables | 11 | 11 | ||||
Other environmental liabilities | $ | 44 | $ | 48 | ||
Other environmental insurance receivables | 15 | 15 |
|
Stock-Based Compensation Expense | ||||||||||||
Three months ended | Nine months ended | |||||||||||
September 30, | September 30, | |||||||||||
(Millions) | 2014 | 2013 | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||||
Cost of sales | $ | 9 | $ | 5 | $ | 42 | $ | 23 | ||||
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 31 | 36 | 143 | 149 | ||||||||
Research, development and related expenses | 7 | 6 | 36 | 25 | ||||||||
Stock-based compensation expenses | $ | 47 | $ | 47 | $ | 221 | $ | 197 | ||||
Income tax benefits | $ | (14) | $ | (14) | $ | (67) | $ | (59) | ||||
Stock-based compensation expenses, net of tax | $ | 33 | $ | 33 | $ | 154 | $ | 138 |
The following table summarizes stock option activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2014: | ||||||||||||
Stock Option Program | ||||||||||||
Number of Options | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (months) | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (millions) | |||||||||
Under option — | ||||||||||||
January 1 | 43,938,778 | $ | 83.84 | |||||||||
Granted: | ||||||||||||
Annual | 5,736,183 | 126.77 | ||||||||||
Exercised | (7,765,197) | 82.63 | ||||||||||
Canceled | (189,110) | 104.46 | ||||||||||
September 30 | 41,720,654 | $ | 89.88 | 66 | $ | 2,161 | ||||||
Options exercisable | ||||||||||||
September 30 | 29,955,673 | $ | 81.43 | 51 | $ | 1,805 |
Annual | ||||
Stock Option Assumptions | 2014 | |||
Exercise price | $ | 126.72 | ||
Risk-free interest rate | 1.9 | % | ||
Dividend yield | 2.6 | % | ||
Expected volatility | 20.8 | % | ||
Expected life (months) | 75 | |||
Black-Scholes fair value | $ | 19.63 |
Restricted Stock Units and Restricted Stock | ||||||||
Weighted Average | ||||||||
Restricted Stock Units and | Number of | Grant Date | ||||||
Restricted Stock | Awards | Fair Value | ||||||
Nonvested balance — | ||||||||
As of January 1 | 3,105,361 | $ | 92.31 | |||||
Granted: | ||||||||
Annual | 798,615 | 126.79 | ||||||
Other | 27,668 | 142.83 | ||||||
Vested | (1,091,410) | 90.43 | ||||||
Forfeited | (51,287) | 98.21 | ||||||
As of September 30 | 2,788,947 | $ | 103.31 |
Weighted Average | ||||||||
Number of | Grant Date | |||||||
Performance Shares | Awards | Fair Value | ||||||
Undistributed balance — | ||||||||
As of January 1 | 895,635 | $ | 88.12 | |||||
Granted | 298,898 | 124.41 | ||||||
Distributed | (277,357) | 84.74 | ||||||
Performance change | 65,653 | 110.72 | ||||||
Forfeited | (33,679) | 109.31 | ||||||
As of September 30 | 949,150 | $ | 101.34 |
|
Business Segment Information | Three months ended | Nine months ended | ||||||||||
September 30, | September 30, | |||||||||||
(Millions) | 2014 | 2013 | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||||
Net Sales | ||||||||||||
Industrial | $ | 2,772 | $ | 2,692 | $ | 8,363 | $ | 8,068 | ||||
Safety and Graphics | 1,448 | 1,429 | 4,365 | 4,262 | ||||||||
Electronics and Energy | 1,500 | 1,449 | 4,233 | 4,066 | ||||||||
Health Care | 1,390 | 1,328 | 4,180 | 3,975 | ||||||||
Consumer | 1,177 | 1,153 | 3,395 | 3,332 | ||||||||
Corporate and Unallocated | 3 | 3 | 5 | 6 | ||||||||
Elimination of Dual Credit | (153) | (138) | (439) | (407) | ||||||||
Total Company | $ | 8,137 | $ | 7,916 | $ | 24,102 | $ | 23,302 | ||||
Operating Income | ||||||||||||
Industrial | $ | 616 | $ | 571 | $ | 1,851 | $ | 1,753 | ||||
Safety and Graphics | 340 | 313 | 1,011 | 973 | ||||||||
Electronics and Energy | 338 | 300 | 858 | 733 | ||||||||
Health Care | 432 | 426 | 1,293 | 1,247 | ||||||||
Consumer | 272 | 247 | 741 | 719 | ||||||||
Corporate and Unallocated | (63) | (88) | (184) | (249) | ||||||||
Elimination of Dual Credit | (34) | (30) | (97) | (89) | ||||||||
Total Company | $ | 1,901 | $ | 1,739 | $ | 5,473 | $ | 5,087 |
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