3M CO, 10-Q filed on 7/30/2015
Quarterly Report
Document and Entity Information
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2015
Document and Entity Information [Abstract]
 
Entity Registrant Name
3M CO 
Trading Symbol
MMM 
Entity Central Index Key
0000066740 
Document Type
10-Q 
Document Period End Date
Jun. 30, 2015 
Amendment Flag
false 
Current Fiscal Year End Date
--12-31 
Entity Voluntary Filers
No 
Entity Current Reporting Status
Yes 
Entity Filer Category
Large Accelerated Filer 
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding
624,745,409 
Document Fiscal Year Focus
2015 
Document Fiscal Period Focus
Q2 
Consolidated Statement of Income (USD $)
In Millions, except Per Share data, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2014
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2014
Net sales
$ 7,686 
$ 8,134 
$ 15,264 
$ 15,965 
Operating expenses
 
 
 
 
Cost of sales
3,858 
4,184 
7,679 
8,215 
Selling, general and administrative expenses
1,550 
1,646 
3,114 
3,278 
Research, development and related expenses
438 
448 
901 
900 
Total operating expenses
5,846 
6,278 
11,694 
12,393 
Operating income
1,840 
1,856 
3,570 
3,572 
Interest expense and income
 
 
 
 
Interest expense
35 
45 
66 
82 
Interest income
(7)
(9)
(11)
(18)
Total interest expense - net
28 
36 
55 
64 
Income before income taxes
1,812 
1,820 
3,515 
3,508 
Provision for income taxes
509 
537 
1,011 
1,000 
Net income including noncontrolling interest
1,303 
1,283 
2,504 
2,508 
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest
16 
34 
Net income attributable to 3M
$ 1,300 
$ 1,267 
$ 2,499 
$ 2,474 
Weighted average 3M common shares outstanding - basic (in shares)
631.3 
652.0 
633.8 
656.7 
Earnings per share attributable to 3M common shareholders - basic (in dollars per share)
$ 2.06 
$ 1.94 
$ 3.94 
$ 3.77 
Weighted average 3M common shares outstanding - diluted (in shares)
643.0 
664.6 
646.1 
669.6 
Earnings per share attributable to 3M common shareholders - diluted (in dollars per share)
$ 2.02 
$ 1.91 
$ 3.87 
$ 3.70 
Cash dividends paid per 3M common share (in dollars per share)
$ 1.025 
$ 0.855 
$ 2.05 
$ 1.71 
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2014
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2014
Net income including noncontrolling interest
$ 1,303 
$ 1,283 
$ 2,504 
$ 2,508 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
 
 
 
 
Cumulative translation adjustment
23 
127 
(170)
147 
Defined benefit pension and postretirement plans adjustment
96 
60 
187 
121 
Debt and equity securities - unrealized gain (loss)
Cash flow hedging instruments - unrealized gain (loss)
(32)
(9)
38 
(7)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
87 
179 
55 
263 
Comprehensive income (loss) including noncontrolling interest
1,390 
1,462 
2,559 
2,771 
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest
(2)
(20)
(4)
(50)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to 3M
$ 1,388 
$ 1,442 
$ 2,555 
$ 2,721 
Consolidated Balance Sheet (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
Jun. 30, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Current assets
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$ 2,983 
$ 1,897 
Marketable securities - current
502 
626 
Accounts receivable - net
4,578 
4,238 
Inventories
 
 
Finished goods
1,765 
1,723 
Work in process
1,132 
1,081 
Raw materials and supplies
950 
902 
Total inventories
3,847 
3,706 
Other current assets
1,521 
1,298 
Total current assets
13,431 
11,765 
Marketable securities - non-current
13 
828 
Investments
106 
102 
Property, plant and equipment
22,851 
22,841 
Less: Accumulated depreciation
(14,462)
(14,352)
Property, plant and equipment - net
8,389 
8,489 
Goodwill
6,985 
7,050 
Intangible assets - net
1,355 
1,435 
Prepaid pension benefits
54 
46 
Other assets
1,055 
1,554 
Total assets
31,388 
31,269 
Current liabilities
 
 
Short-term borrowings and current portion of long-term debt
86 
106 
Accounts payable
1,714 
1,807 
Accrued payroll
582 
732 
Accrued income taxes
327 
435 
Other current liabilities
2,386 
2,918 
Total current liabilities
5,095 
5,998 
Long-term debt
8,431 
6,731 
Pension and postretirement benefits
3,683 
3,843 
Other liabilities
1,049 
1,555 
Total liabilities
18,258 
18,127 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)
   
   
3M Company shareholders' equity:
 
 
Common stock par value, $.01 par value, 944,033,056 shared issued
Additional paid-in capital
4,685 
4,379 
Retained earnings
35,615 
34,317 
Treasury stock, at cost: 319,287,647 shares at June 30, 2015; 308,898,462 shares at December 31, 2014
(20,983)
(19,307)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
(6,233)
(6,289)
Total 3M Company shareholders' equity
13,093 
13,109 
Noncontrolling interest
37 
33 
Total equity
13,130 
13,142 
Total liabilities and equity
$ 31,388 
$ 31,269 
Consolidated Balance Sheet (Parenthetical) (USD $)
Jun. 30, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Consolidated Balance Sheet
 
 
Common stock, par value per share (in dollars per share)
$ 0.01 
$ 0.01 
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)
944,033,056 
944,033,056 
Treasury stock (in shares)
319,287,647 
308,898,462 
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity (Parenthetical)
1 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2013
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity
 
 
Dividends that have been declared but not yet paid (in dollars per share)
$ 1.025 
$ 0.855 
Supplemental Share Information
Jun. 30, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Supplemental Share Information Treasury Stock RollForward
 
 
Treasury Stock, Shares, Beginning Balance
319,287,647 
308,898,462 
Treasury Stock, Shares, Ending Balance
319,287,647 
308,898,462 
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2014
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
 
 
Net income including noncontrolling interest
$ 2,504 
$ 2,508 
Adjustments to reconcile net income including noncontrolling interest to net cash provided by operating activities
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
683 
708 
Company pension and postretirement contributions
(185)
(77)
Company pension and postretirement expense
283 
196 
Stock-based compensation expense
187 
174 
Deferred income taxes
295 
(36)
Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation
(129)
(97)
Changes in assets and liabilities
 
 
Accounts receivable
(446)
(484)
Inventories
(269)
(242)
Accounts payable
(34)
57 
Accrued income taxes (current and long-term)
(421)
16 
Other - net
(50)
Net cash provided by operating activities
2,418 
2,732 
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
 
 
Purchases of property, plant and equipment (PP&E)
(661)
(634)
Proceeds from sale of PP&E and other assets
14 
38 
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired
(153)
(94)
Purchases of marketable securities and investments
(341)
(849)
Proceeds from maturities and sale of marketable securities and investments
1,269 
982 
Proceeds from sale of businesses
19 
Other investing
19 
(22)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
166 
(579)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
 
 
Change in short-term debt - net
(39)
62 
Repayment of debt (maturities greater than 90 days)
(10)
(119)
Proceeds from debt (maturities greater than 90 days)
1,925 
1,078 
Purchases of treasury stock
(2,581)
(3,134)
Proceeds from issuance of treasury stock pursuant to stock option and benefit plans
450 
585 
Dividends paid to shareholders
(1,298)
(1,122)
Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation
129 
97 
Other - net
(50)
(31)
Net cash used in financing activities
(1,474)
(2,584)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
(24)
(25)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
1,086 
(456)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
1,897 
2,581 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$ 2,983 
$ 2,125 
Significant Accounting Policies
Significant Accounting Policies

3M Company and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

 

NOTE 1. Significant Accounting Policies

 

Basis of Presentation

 

The interim consolidated financial statements are unaudited but, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. These adjustments consist of normal, recurring items. The results of operations for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year. The interim consolidated financial statements and notes are presented as permitted by the requirements for Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the Company's consolidated financial statements and notes included in its 2014 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

Foreign Currency Translation

 

Local currencies generally are considered the functional currencies outside the United States. Assets and liabilities for operations in local-currency environments are translated at month-end exchange rates of the period reported. Income and expense items are translated at month-end exchange rates of each applicable month. Cumulative translation adjustments are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in shareholders' equity.

 

Although local currencies are typically considered as the functional currencies outside the United States, under Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 830, Foreign Currency Matters, the reporting currency of a foreign entity's parent is assumed to be that entity's functional currency when the economic environment of a foreign entity is highly inflationary—generally when its cumulative inflation is approximately 100 percent or more for the three years that precede the beginning of a reporting period. 3M has a subsidiary in Venezuela with operating income representing less than 1.0 percent of 3M's consolidated operating income for 2014. 3M has determined that the applicable cumulative inflation rate of Venezuela has exceeded, and continues to exceed, 100 percent since November 2009. Accordingly, since January 1, 2010, the financial statements of the Venezuelan subsidiary have been remeasured as if its functional currency were that of its parent.

 

The Venezuelan government sets official rates of exchange and conditions precedent to purchase foreign currency at these rates with local currency. Such rates and conditions are subject to change. In January 2014, the Venezuelan government announced that a new agency, the National Center for Foreign Commerce (CENCOEX), had assumed the role with respect to the continuation of the existing official exchange rate; significantly expanded the use of a second foreign exchange mechanism called the Complementary System for Foreign Currency Acquirement (or SICAD1); and issued exchange regulations indicating the SICAD1 rate of exchange would be used for payments related to international investments. The SICAD1 exchange mechanism, a complementary currency auction system, had previously been created for purchases of foreign currency by only certain eligible importers and tourists. In late March 2014, the Venezuelan government launched a third foreign exchange mechanism, SICAD2, which relied on U.S. dollar cash and U.S. dollar denominated bonds offered by the Venezuelan Central Bank, PDVSA (the Venezuelan national oil and gas company) and certain private companies. SICAD2 was announced as being available to all industry sectors and that its use would not be restricted as to purpose. In February 2015, the Venezuelan government introduced another foreign currency exchange platform called the Marginal System of Foreign Currency (SIMADI), resulting in the elimination and replacement of the SICAD2 rate. The SIMADI rate was described as being derived from daily private bidders and buyers exchanging offers through authorized agents and approved and published by the Venezuelan Central Bank.

 

Since January 1, 2010, as discussed above, the financial statements of 3M's Venezuelan subsidiary have been remeasured as if its functional currency were that of its parent. For the periods presented, this remeasurement utilized the official CENCOEX rate into March 2014, the SICAD1 rate beginning in late March 2014, the SICAD2 rate beginning in June 2014, and the SIMADI rate beginning in February 2015. 3M's uses of these applicable exchange rates were based upon evaluation of a number of factors including, but not limited to, the exchange rate the Company's Venezuelan subsidiary may legally use to convert currency, settle transactions or pay dividends; the probability of accessing and obtaining currency by use of a particular rate or mechanism; and the Company's intent and ability to use a particular exchange mechanism. Other factors notwithstanding, the remeasurement impacts as a result of the changes in use of these exchange rates did not have material impacts on 3M's consolidated results of operations or financial condition.

 

The Company continues to monitor circumstances relative to its Venezuelan subsidiary. Changes in applicable exchange rates or exchange mechanisms may continue in the future. These changes could impact the rate of exchange applicable to remeasure the Company's net monetary assets (liabilities) denominated in Venezuelan Bolivars (VEF). As of June 30, 2015, the Company had a balance of net monetary assets denominated in VEF of less than 100 million VEF and the CENCOEX, SICAD (formerly SICAD1), and SIMADI exchange rates were approximately 6 VEF, 13 VEF, and 200 VEF per U.S. dollar, respectively.

 

A need to deconsolidate the Company's Venezuelan subsidiary's operations may result from a lack of exchangeability of VEF-denominated cash coupled with an acute degradation in the ability to make key operational decisions due to government regulations in Venezuela. 3M monitors factors such as its ability to access various exchange mechanisms; the impact of government regulations on the Company's ability to manage its Venezuelan subsidiary's capital structure, purchasing, product pricing, and labor relations; and the current political and economic situation within Venezuela. Based upon such factors as of June 30, 2015, the Company continues to consolidate its Venezuelan subsidiary. As of June 30, 2015, the balance of intercompany receivables due from this subsidiary is less than $20 million and its equity balance is not significant.

 

Earnings Per Share

 

The difference in the weighted average 3M shares outstanding for calculating basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to 3M common shareholders is a result of the dilution associated with the Company's stock-based compensation plans. Certain options outstanding under these stock-based compensation plans were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share attributable to 3M common shareholders because they would not have had a dilutive effect (5.5 million average options for the three months ended June 30, 2015; 4.5 million average options for the six months ended June 30, 2015; 3.1 million average options for the three months ended June 30, 2014; and 2.7 million average options for the six months ended June 30, 2014). The computations for basic and diluted earnings per share follow:

Earnings Per Share Computations            
               
    Three months ended Six months ended
    June 30, June 30,
(Amounts in millions, except per share amounts) 2015 2014 2015 2014
Numerator:        
 Net income attributable to 3M  $ 1,300 $ 1,267 $ 2,499 $ 2,474
               
Denominator:            
 Denominator for weighted average 3M common shares             
  outstanding – basic    631.3   652.0   633.8   656.7
               
 Dilution associated with the Company’s stock-based             
  compensation plans    11.7   12.6   12.3   12.9
               
 Denominator for weighted average 3M common shares            
  outstanding – diluted    643.0   664.6   646.1   669.6
               
Earnings per share attributable to 3M common            
 shareholders – basic  $ 2.06 $ 1.94 $ 3.94 $ 3.77
Earnings per share attributable to 3M common            
 shareholders – diluted  $ 2.02 $ 1.91 $ 3.87 $ 3.70

New Accounting Pronouncements

 

In April 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-08, Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity, which changed the criteria for determining which disposals can be presented as discontinued operations and modified related disclosure requirements. This standard has the impact of reducing the frequency of disposals reported as discontinued operations, by requiring such a disposal to represent a strategic shift that has or will have a major effect on an entity's operations and financial results. However, existing provisions that prohibited an entity from reporting a discontinued operation if it had certain continuing cash flows or involvement with the component after disposal were eliminated by this standard. The ASU also expands the disclosures for discontinued operations and requires new disclosures related to individually significant disposals that do not qualify as discontinued operations. For 3M, this ASU was effective prospectively beginning January 1, 2015. This ASU was applied to the 2015 divestiture discussed in Note 2 and had no material impact on consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

 

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The ASU provides a single comprehensive model to be used in the accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The standard's stated core principle is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To achieve this core principle the ASU includes provisions within a five step model that includes identifying the contract with a customer, identifying the performance obligations in the contract, determining the transaction price, allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations, and recognizing revenue when (or as) an entity satisfies a performance obligation. The standard also specifies the accounting for some costs to obtain or fulfill a contract with a customer and requires expanded disclosures about revenue recognition. The standard provides for either full retrospective adoption or a modified retrospective adoption by which it is applied only to the most current period presented. For 3M, the ASU is effective January 1, 2017. The Company is currently assessing this standard's impact on 3M's consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

 

In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-02, Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis, which changes guidance related to both the variable interest entity (VIE) and voting interest entity (VOE) consolidation models. With respect to the VIE model, the standard changes, among other things, the identification of variable interests associated with fees paid to a decision maker or service provider, the VIE characteristics for a limited partner or similar entity, and the primary beneficiary determination. With respect to the VOE model, the ASU eliminates the presumption that a general partner controls a limited partnership or similar entity unless the presumption can otherwise be overcome. Under the new guidance, a general partner would largely not consolidate a partnership or similar entity under the VOE model. For 3M, this ASU is effective January 1, 2016, with early adoption permitted. 3M does not have significant involvement with entities subject to consolidation considerations impacted by the VIE model changes or with limited partnerships potentially impacted by the VOE model changes. As a result, 3M does not expect this ASU to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

 

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs. Under this new standard, debt issuance costs reported on the consolidated balance sheet would be reflected as a direct deduction from the related debt liability rather than as an asset. For 3M, this ASU is effective January 1, 2016, with early adoption permitted. Retrospective application to prior periods is required. As this standard impacts only the classification of certain amounts within the consolidated balance sheet, 3M does not expect this ASU to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

 

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-05, Customer's Accounting for Fees Paid in a Cloud Arrangement, which requires a customer to determine whether a cloud computing arrangement contains a software license. If the arrangement contains a software license, the customer would account for fees related to the software license element in a manner consistent with accounting for the acquisition of other acquired software licenses. If the arrangement does not contain a software license, the customer would account for the arrangement as a service contract. An arrangement would contain a software license element if both (1) the customer has the contractual right to take possession of the software at any time during the hosting period without significant penalty and (2) it is feasible for the customer to either run the software on its own hardware or contract with another party unrelated to the vendor to host the software. For 3M, this ASU is effective January 1, 2016, with early adoption permitted. The standard provides for adoption either fully retrospectively or prospectively to arrangements entered into, or materially modified, after the effective date. The Company is currently assessing this ASU's impact on 3M's consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

 

In May 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-07, Disclosures for Investments in Certain Entities That Calculate Net Asset Value per Share (or Its Equivalent). This standard modifies existing disclosure requirements such that investments for which the practical expedient is used to measure their fair value at net asset value (NAV) would be removed from the fair value hierarchy disclosures. Instead, an entity would be required to include those investments as a reconciling item such that the total fair value amount of investments in the fair value hierarchy disclosure is consistent with the amount on the balance sheet. Changes were also made to the requirements in a sponsor's employee benefit plan asset disclosures. For 3M, this standard is effective January 1, 2016, with retrospective application required. Early adoption is permitted. As this ASU only impacts certain disclosures, it will not impact the Company's consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

 

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11, Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory, which modifies existing requirements regarding measuring inventory at the lower of cost or market. Under existing standards, the market amount requires consideration of replacement cost, net realizable value (NRV), and NRV less an approximately normal profit margin. The new ASU replaces market with NRV, defined as estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. This eliminates the need to determine and consider replacement cost or NRV less an approximately normal profit margin when measuring inventory. For 3M, this standard is effective prospectively beginning January 1, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently assessing this ASU's impacts on 3M's consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

 

Acquisitions and Divestitures
Acquisitions and Divestitures

NOTE 2. Acquisitions and Divestitures

 

3M makes acquisitions of certain businesses from time to time that the Company feels align with its strategic intent with respect to, among other factors, growth markets and adjacent product lines or technologies. Goodwill resulting from business combinations is largely attributable to the existing workforce of the acquired businesses and synergies expected to arise after 3M's acquisition of these businesses. In addition to business combinations, 3M periodically acquires certain tangible and/or intangible assets and purchases interests in certain enterprises that do not otherwise qualify for accounting as business combinations. These transactions are largely reflected as additional asset purchase and investment activity.

During the six months ended June 30, 2015, the purchase price paid for business combinations (net of cash acquired) was $153 million, which primarily related to 3M's acquisition of Ivera Medical Corp. (discussed below).

 

In March 2015, 3M (Health Care Business) purchased all of the outstanding shares of Ivera Medical Corp., headquartered in San Diego, California. Ivera Medical Corp., with annual sales of approximately $30 million, is a manufacturer of health care products that disinfect and protect devices used for access into a patient's bloodstream. The allocation of purchase price related to this acquisition is considered preliminary, largely with respect to intangible assets, and tax-related assets and liabilities. In addition, in the first quarter of 2015, 3M (Industrial Business) purchased the remaining interest in a former equity method investment for an immaterial amount.

 

Purchased identifiable finite-lived intangible assets related to the Ivera Medical Corp. acquisition which closed in the six months ended June 30, 2015 totaled $51 million. The associated finite-lived intangible assets acquired will be amortized on a systematic and rational basis (generally straight line) over a weighted-average life of 13 years (lives ranging from two to 16 years). Acquired in-process research and development and identifiable intangible assets for which significant assumed renewals or extensions of underlying arrangements impacted the determination of their useful lives were not material. Pro forma information related to acquisitions was not included because the impact on the Company's consolidated results of operations was not considered to be material.

 

In June 2015, 3M (Safety and Graphics Business) announced that it had entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Capital Safety, headquartered in Bloomington, Minnesota, from KKR & Co. L.P. for a total enterprise value of $2.5 billion including the assumption of approximately $0.7 billion of debt, net of cash acquired. Capital Safety is a leading global provider of fall protection equipment, one of the fastest-growing safety categories within the global personal protective equipment industry. Capital Safety's sales, adjusted to include recent acquisitions on a full-year basis, were approximately $430 million for its fiscal year ended March 31, 2015. The transaction is expected to close in the third quarter of 2015, subject to customary closing conditions and regulatory approvals.

 

In February 2015, 3M (Industrial Business) announced that it had entered into a definitive agreement with Polypore International Inc., headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina, to acquire the assets and liabilities associated with Polypore's Separations Media business for a total purchase price of approximately $1.0 billion. Polypore's Separations Media business is a leading provider of microporous membranes and modules for filtration in the life sciences, industrial and specialty segments with annual sales of approximately $208 million for the 2014 fiscal year ended January 3, 2015. Separately, Asahi Kasei, a leading diversified chemical manufacturer based in Tokyo, Japan, announced that it entered into a definitive merger agreement to acquire Polypore's Energy Storage business. Both transactions are subject to regulatory approvals and customary closing conditions. In addition, both transactions are conditioned on 3M's transaction with Polypore closing immediately prior to the closing of Asahi Kasei's transaction with Polypore. These transactions are expected to be completed in the third quarter of 2015.

 

In January 2015, 3M (Electronics and Energy Business) completed the sale of its global static control business to Desco Industries Inc., based in Chino, California. 2014 sales of this business were $46 million. This transaction was not considered material.

 

Refer to Note 2 in 3M's 2014 Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information on 3M's acquisitions and divestitures.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill and Intangible Assets

NOTE 3. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

 

Purchased goodwill from acquisitions totaled $95 million during the first six months of 2015, none of which is deductible for tax purposes. The amounts in the “Translation and other” column in the following table primarily relate to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The goodwill balances by business segment as of December 31, 2014 and June 30, 2015, follow:

 

Goodwill

  December 31, 2014 Acquisition Translation June 30, 2015
(Millions)Balanceactivityand otherBalance
Industrial $ 2,037 $ 1 $ (59) $ 1,979
Safety and Graphics   1,650     (24)   1,626
Electronics and Energy   1,559     (28)   1,531
Health Care   1,589   94   (42)   1,641
Consumer   215     (7)   208
Total Company  $ 7,050 $ 95 $ (160) $ 6,985

Acquired Intangible Assets

 

For the six months ended June 30, 2015, changes in foreign currency exchange rates decreased the gross carrying amount of intangible assets, with this impact partially offset by gross intangible assets (excluding goodwill) acquired through business combinations. The carrying amount and accumulated amortization of acquired finite-lived intangible assets, in addition to the balance of non-amortizable intangible assets, as of June 30, 2015, and December 31, 2014, follow:

   June 30, December 31,
(Millions)20152014
Customer related intangible assets $ 1,352 $ 1,348
Patents    563   581
Other technology-based intangible assets   402   407
Definite-lived tradenames   398   401
Other amortizable intangible assets   222   221
Total gross carrying amount  $ 2,937 $ 2,958
        
Accumulated amortization — customer related   (630)   (597)
Accumulated amortization — patents    (468)   (472)
Accumulated amortization — other technology-based   (228)   (215)
Accumulated amortization — definite-lived tradenames   (204)   (195)
Accumulated amortization — other    (168)   (167)
Total accumulated amortization  $ (1,698) $ (1,646)
        
 Total finite-lived intangible assets — net  $ 1,239 $ 1,312
        
Non-amortizable intangible assets (primarily tradenames)   116   123
 Total intangible assets — net $ 1,355 $ 1,435

Amortization expense for acquired intangible assets for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 follows:
             
  Three months ended Six months ended
  June 30, June 30,
(Millions) 2015 2014 2015 2014
Amortization expense  $ 50 $ 57 $ 103 $ 114

The table below shows expected amortization expense for acquired amortizable intangible assets recorded as of June 30, 2015:
(Millions) Remainder                 
of            After
2015201620172018201920202020
Amortization expense $ 96 $ 178 $ 156 $ 141 $ 128 $ 119 $ 421

The preceding expected amortization expense is an estimate. Actual amounts of amortization expense may differ from estimated amounts due to additional intangible asset acquisitions, changes in foreign currency exchange rates, impairment of intangible assets, accelerated amortization of intangible assets and other events. 3M expenses the costs incurred to renew or extend the term of intangible assets.

Supplemental Equity and Comprehensive Income Information
Supplemental Equity and Comprehensive Income Information

NOTE 4. Supplemental Equity and Comprehensive Income Information

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity

Three months ended June 30, 2015   3M Company Shareholders  
(Millions) Total Common Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings Treasury Stock Accumulated Other Comprehen-sive Income (Loss) Non-controlling Interest
Balance at March 31, 2015 $ 13,952 $ 4,616 $ 35,080 $ (19,458) $ (6,321) $ 35
                    
Net income    1,303      1,300         3
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:                  
Cumulative translation adjustment   23            24   (1)
Defined benefit pension and post-retirement                  
 plans adjustment   96            96  
Debt and equity securities - unrealized gain (loss)                
Cash flow hedging instruments - unrealized                  
 gain (loss)    (32)            (32)  
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net                  
 of tax    87               
Dividends declared   (646)      (646)         
Stock-based compensation, net of tax impacts    78   78            
Reacquired stock    (1,787)         (1,787)      
Issuances pursuant to stock option and                  
 benefit plans    143      (119)   262      
Balance at June 30, 2015 $ 13,130 $ 4,694 $ 35,615 $ (20,983) $ (6,233) $ 37
                    
Six months ended June 30, 2015    3M Company Shareholders  
(Millions) Total Common Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings Treasury Stock Accumulated Other Comprehen-sive Income (Loss) Non-controlling Interest
Balance at December 31, 2014 $ 13,142 $ 4,388 $ 34,317 $ (19,307) $ (6,289) $ 33
                    
Net income    2,504      2,499         5
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:                  
Cumulative translation adjustment   (170)            (169)   (1)
Defined benefit pension and post-retirement                  
 plans adjustment   187            187  
Debt and equity securities - unrealized gain (loss)                
Cash flow hedging instruments - unrealized                  
 gain (loss)    38            38  
Total other comprehensive income (loss),                  
 net of tax    55               
Dividends declared   (649)      (649)         
Stock-based compensation, net of tax impacts    306   306            
Reacquired stock    (2,683)         (2,683)      
Issuances pursuant to stock option and                  
 benefit plans    455      (552)   1,007      
Balance at June 30, 2015 $ 13,130 $ 4,694 $ 35,615 $ (20,983) $ (6,233) $ 37

Three months ended June 30, 2014   3M Company Shareholders  
(Millions) Total Common Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings Treasury Stock Accumulated Other Comprehen-sive Income (Loss) Non-controlling Interest
Balance at March 31, 2014 $ 17,924 $ 4,554 $ 33,312 $ (16,577) $ (3,841) $ 476
                    
Net income    1,283      1,267         16
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:                  
Cumulative translation adjustment   127            123   4
Defined benefit pension and post-retirement                  
 plans adjustment   60            60  
Debt and equity securities - unrealized gain (loss)    1            1  
Cash flow hedging instruments - unrealized                  
 gain (loss)    (9)            (9)  
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net                  
 of tax    179               
Dividends declared   (556)      (556)         
Purchase of subsidiary shares   (5)   (1)            (4)
Stock-based compensation, net of tax impacts    97   97            
Reacquired stock    (1,382)         (1,382)      
Issuances pursuant to stock option and                  
 benefit plans    306      (187)   493      
Balance at June 30, 2014 $ 17,846 $ 4,650 $ 33,836 $ (17,466) $ (3,666) $ 492
                    
Six months ended June 30, 2014   3M Company Shareholders  
(Millions) Total Common Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings Treasury Stock Accumulated Other Comprehen-sive Income (Loss) Non-controlling Interest
Balance at December 31, 2013 $ 17,948 $ 4,384 $ 32,416 $ (15,385) $ (3,913) $ 446
                    
Net income    2,508      2,474         34
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:                  
Cumulative translation adjustment   147            131   16
Defined benefit pension and post-retirement                  
 plans adjustment   121            121  
Debt and equity securities - unrealized gain (loss)    2            2  
Cash flow hedging instruments - unrealized                  
 gain (loss)    (7)            (7)  
Total other comprehensive income (loss),                  
 net of tax    263               
Dividends declared   (555)      (555)         
Purchase of subsidiary shares   (5)   (1)            (4)
Stock-based compensation, net of tax impacts    267   267            
Reacquired stock    (3,155)         (3,155)      
Issuances pursuant to stock option and                  
 benefit plans    575      (499)   1,074      
Balance at June 30, 2014 $ 17,846 $ 4,650 $ 33,836 $ (17,466) $ (3,666) $ 492

In December 2014, 3M's Board of Directors declared a first-quarter 2015 dividend of $1.025 per share (paid in March 2015). In December 2013, 3M's Board of Directors declared a first-quarter 2014 dividend of $0.855 per share (paid in March 2014). This reduced 3M's stockholder equity and increased other current liabilities as of both December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, by approximately $0.6 billion.

Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to 3M by Component   
                   
Three months ended June 30, 2015               
(Millions) Cumulative Translation Adjustment Defined Benefit Pension and Postretirement Plans Adjustment Debt and Equity Securities, Unrealized Gain (Loss) Cash Flow Hedging Instruments, Unrealized Gain (Loss) Total Accumulated Other Comprehen-sive Income (Loss)
Balance at March 31, 2015, net of tax $ (1,288) $ (5,202) $ $ 169 $ (6,321)
Other comprehensive income (loss),                
 before tax:               
 Amounts before reclassifications   (12)       (16)   (28)
 Amounts reclassified out     141     (34)   107
Total other comprehensive income (loss),                
 before tax   (12)   141     (50)   79
Tax effect   36   (45)     18   9
Total other comprehensive income (loss),                
 net of tax   24   96     (32)   88
Balance at June 30, 2015, net of tax $ (1,264) $ (5,106) $ $ 137 $ (6,233)
                 
Six months ended June 30, 2015               
(Millions) Cumulative Translation Adjustment Defined Benefit Pension and Postretirement Plans Adjustment Debt and Equity Securities, Unrealized Gain (Loss) Cash Flow Hedging Instruments, Unrealized Gain (Loss) Total Accumulated Other Comprehen-sive Income (Loss)
Balance at December 31, 2014, net of tax $ (1,095) $ (5,293) $ $ 99 $ (6,289)
Other comprehensive income (loss),                
 before tax:               
 Amounts before reclassifications   (56)   24     120   88
 Amounts reclassified out     265     (61)   204
Total other comprehensive income (loss),                
 before tax   (56)   289     59   292
Tax effect   (113)   (102)     (21)   (236)
Total other comprehensive income (loss),                
 net of tax   (169)   187     38   56
Balance at June 30, 2015, net of tax $ (1,264) $ (5,106) $ $ 137 $ (6,233)

Three months ended June 30, 2014               
(Millions) Cumulative Translation Adjustment Defined Benefit Pension and Postretirement Plans Adjustment Debt and Equity Securities, Unrealized Gain (Loss) Cash Flow Hedging Instruments, Unrealized Gain (Loss) Total Accumulated Other Comprehen-sive Income (Loss)
Balance at March 31, 2014, net of tax $ (180) $ (3,654) $ (1) $ (6) $ (3,841)
Other comprehensive income (loss),                
 before tax:               
 Amounts before reclassifications   128     1   (21)   108
 Amounts reclassified out     92     5   97
Total other comprehensive income (loss),                
 before tax   128   92   1   (16)   205
Tax effect   (5)   (32)     7   (30)
Total other comprehensive income (loss),                
 net of tax   123   60   1   (9)   175
Balance at June 30, 2014, net of tax $ (57) $ (3,594) $ $ (15) $ (3,666)
                   
Six months ended June 30, 2014               
(Millions) Cumulative Translation Adjustment Defined Benefit Pension and Postretirement Plans Adjustment Debt and Equity Securities, Unrealized Gain (Loss) Cash Flow Hedging Instruments, Unrealized Gain (Loss) Total Accumulated Other Comprehen-sive Income (Loss)
Balance at December 31, 2013, net of tax $ (188) $ (3,715) $ (2) $ (8) $ (3,913)
Other comprehensive income (loss),                
 before tax:               
 Amounts before reclassifications   134     3   (12)   125
 Amounts reclassified out     183     (1)   182
Total other comprehensive income (loss),                
 before tax   134   183   3   (13)   307
Tax effect   (3)   (62)   (1)   6   (60)
Total other comprehensive income (loss),                
 net of tax   131   121   2   (7)   247
Balance at June 30, 2014, net of tax $ (57) $ (3,594) $ $ (15) $ (3,666)

Income taxes are not provided for foreign translation relating to permanent investments in international subsidiaries, but tax effects within cumulative translation does include impacts from items such as net investment hedge transactions. Reclassification adjustments are made to avoid double counting in comprehensive income items that are also recorded as part of net income.

Reclassifications out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Attributable to 3M
                
    Amount Reclassified from  
   Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income  
(Millions) Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30, Location on Income Statement
Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Components 2015 2014 2015 2014 
Gains (losses) associated with defined benefit pension and postretirement plans amortization              
 Transition asset $ 1 $ $ 1 $ See Note 8
 Prior service benefit   17   15   35   30 See Note 8
 Net actuarial loss   (159)   (107)   (318)   (213) See Note 8
 Curtailments/Settlements       17   See Note 8
Total before tax   (141)   (92)   (265)   (183)  
Tax effect   45   32   91   62 Provision for income taxes
Net of tax $ (96) $ (60) $ (174) $ (121)  
                
Debt and equity security gains (losses)              
 Sales or impairments of securities $ $ $ $ Selling, general and administrative expenses
Total before tax          
Tax effect         Provision for income taxes
Net of tax $ $ $ $  
                
Cash flow hedging instruments gains (losses)              
 Foreign currency forward/option contracts $ 35 $ (6) $ 65 $ (2) Cost of sales
 Commodity price swap contracts     1   (2)   3 Cost of sales
 Interest rate swap contracts   (1)     (2)   Interest expense
Total before tax   34   (5)   61   1  
Tax effect   (12)   2   (22)   Provision for income taxes
Net of tax $ 22 $ (3) $ 39 $ 1  
Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax $ (74) $ (63) $ (135) $ (120)  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes

NOTE 5. Income Taxes

 

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, and various states and foreign jurisdictions. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local, or non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2005.

 

The IRS has completed its field examination of the Company's U.S. federal income tax returns for the years 2005 through 2013. The Company protested certain IRS positions within these tax years and entered into the administrative appeals process with the IRS. In December 2012, the Company received a statutory notice of deficiency for the 2006 year. The Company filed a petition in Tax Court in the first quarter of 2013 relating to the 2006 tax year.

 

Currently, the Company is under examination by the IRS for its U.S. federal income tax returns for the years 2014 and 2015. It is anticipated that the IRS will complete its examination of the Company for 2014 by the end of the first quarter of 2016 and for 2015 by the end of the first quarter of 2017. As of June 30, 2015, the IRS has not proposed any significant adjustments to the Company's tax positions for which the Company is not adequately reserved.

 

Payments relating to other proposed assessments arising from the 2005 through 2015 examinations may not be made until a final agreement is reached between the Company and the IRS on such assessments or upon a final resolution resulting from the administrative appeals process or judicial action. In addition to the U.S. federal examination, there is also audit activity in several U.S. state and foreign jurisdictions.

 

3M anticipates changes to the Company's uncertain tax positions due to the closing of various audit years mentioned above and closure of statutes. Currently, the Company is not estimating a significant increase or decrease in unrecognized tax benefits as of June 30, 2015, during the next 12 months. The total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate as of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 are $232 million and $265 million, respectively.

 

The Company recognizes interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in tax expense. The Company recognized in the consolidated statement of income on a gross basis approximately $4 million of benefit and $2 million of expense for the three months ended June 30, 2015 and June 30, 2014, respectively, and approximately $2 million of benefit and $13 million of benefit for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and June 30, 2014, respectively. At June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, accrued interest and penalties in the consolidated balance sheet on a gross basis were $41 million and $44 million, respectively. Included in these interest and penalty amounts are interest and penalties related to tax positions for which the ultimate deductibility is highly certain but for which there is uncertainty about the timing of such deductibility. Because of the impact of deferred tax accounting, other than interest and penalties, the disallowance of the shorter deductibility period would not affect the annual effective tax rate but would accelerate the payment of cash to the taxing authority to an earlier period.

 

The effective tax rate for the second quarter of 2015 was 28.1 percent, compared to 29.5 percent in the second quarter of 2014, a decrease of 1.4 percentage points. Primary factors that decreased the Company's effective tax rate on a combined basis by 3.7 percentage points year-on-year included remeasurements of 3M's uncertain tax positions, as a result of, among other factors, matters related to transfer pricing, and an increase in the domestic manufacturer's deduction benefit. This decrease was partially offset by a 2.3 percentage points year-on-year increase to the Company's effective tax rate. Primary factors that increased the effective tax rate included international taxes, which were impacted by changes in foreign currency rates and changes to the geographic mix of income before taxes, and other items. 

 

The effective tax rate for the first six months of 2015 was 28.8 percent, compared to 28.5 percent in the first six months of 2014, an increase of 0.3 percentage points. Primary factors that increased the Company's effective tax rate on a combined basis by 2.5 percentage points for the first six months of 2015 when compared to the same period for 2014 included international taxes, which were impacted by changes in foreign currency rates and changes to the geographic mix of income before taxes, the 2014 restoration of tax basis on certain assets for which depreciation deductions were previously limited, and other items. This increase was partially offset by a 2.2 percentage point year-on-year decrease, which included remeasurements of 3M's uncertain tax positions, as a result of, among other factors, matters related to transfer pricing, and an increase in the domestic manufacturer's deduction benefits.

 

The provision for income taxes is determined using the asset and liability approach. Under this approach, deferred income taxes represent the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and tax basis of assets and liabilities. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce its deferred tax assets when uncertainty regarding their realizability exits. As of both June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company had valuation allowances of $22 million on its deferred tax assets.

Marketable Securities
Marketable Securities

NOTE 6. Marketable Securities

 

The Company invests in agency securities, corporate securities, asset-backed securities, treasury securities and other securities. The following is a summary of amounts recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet for marketable securities (current and non-current).

   June 30, December 31,
(Millions) 2015 2014
      
U.S. government agency securities  $ 49 $ 67
Foreign government agency securities    50   75
Corporate debt securities    230   241
Commercial paper    36  
Certificates of deposit/time deposits    27   41
U.S. municipal securities   3  
Asset-backed securities:      
 Automobile loan related    66   122
 Credit card related    13   59
 Equipment lease related    8   21
 Other    20  
Asset-backed securities total    107   202
        
Current marketable securities  $ 502 $ 626
        
U.S. government agency securities  $ 1 $ 41
Foreign government agency securities      20
Corporate debt securities      378
U.S. treasury securities      38
U.S. municipal securities    12   15
Asset-backed securities:      
 Automobile loan related      160
 Credit card related      103
 Equipment lease related      27
 Other      46
Asset-backed securities total      336
        
Non-current marketable securities  $ 13 $ 828
        
Total marketable securities  $ 515 $ 1,454

Classification of marketable securities as current or non-current is dependent upon management's intended holding period, the security's maturity date and liquidity considerations based on market conditions. If management intends to hold the securities for longer than one year as of the balance sheet date, they are classified as non-current. The classification as of June 30, 2015, was impacted by the 2015 announcements with respect to acquiring Polypore's Separations Media business and Capital Safety, as discussed in Note 2.

 

At June 30, 2015, both gross unrealized gains and losses were immaterial. At December 31, 2014, gross unrealized losses totaled approximately $1 million (pre-tax), while gross unrealized gains totaled approximately $1 million (pre-tax). Refer to Note 4 for a table that provides the net realized gains (losses) related to sales or impairments of debt and equity securities, which includes marketable securities. The gross amounts of the realized gains or losses were not material. Cost of securities sold use the first in, first out (FIFO) method. Since these marketable securities are classified as available-for-sale securities, changes in fair value will flow through other comprehensive income, with amounts reclassified out of other comprehensive income into earnings upon sale or “other-than-temporary” impairment.

3M reviews impairments associated with its marketable securities in accordance with the measurement guidance provided by ASC 320, Investments-Debt and Equity Securities, when determining the classification of the impairment as “temporary” or “other-than-temporary”. A temporary impairment charge results in an unrealized loss being recorded in the other comprehensive income component of shareholders' equity. Such an unrealized loss does not reduce net income attributable to 3M for the applicable accounting period because the loss is not viewed as other-than-temporary. The factors evaluated to differentiate between temporary and other-than-temporary include the projected future cash flows, credit ratings actions, and assessment of the credit quality of the underlying collateral, as well as other factors.

The balances at June 30, 2015 for marketable securities by contractual maturity are shown below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because the issuers of the securities may have the right to prepay obligations without prepayment penalties.

(Millions) June 30, 2015
   
Due in one year or less  $ 199
Due after one year through five years    299
Due after five years through ten years    2
Due after ten years    15
    
Total marketable securities  $ 515

3M has a diversified marketable securities portfolio of $515 million as of June 30, 2015. Within this portfolio, current and long-term asset-backed securities (estimated fair value of $107 million) primarily include interests in automobile loans, credit cards and equipment leases. 3M's investment policy allows investments in asset-backed securities with minimum credit ratings of Aa2 by Moody's Investors Service or AA by Standard & Poor's or Fitch Ratings or DBRS. Asset-backed securities must be rated by at least two of the aforementioned rating agencies, one of which must be Moody's Investors Service or Standard & Poor's. At June 30, 2015, all asset-backed security investments were in compliance with this policy. Approximately 83.2 percent of all asset-backed security investments were rated AAA or A-1+ by Standard & Poor's and/or Aaa or P-1 by Moody's Investors Service and/or AAA or F1+ by Fitch Ratings. Interest rate risk and credit risk related to the underlying collateral may impact the value of investments in asset-backed securities, while factors such as general conditions in the overall credit market and the nature of the underlying collateral may affect the liquidity of investments in asset-backed securities. 3M does not currently expect risk related to its holding in asset-backed securities to materially impact its financial condition or liquidity.

Long-Term Debt and Short-Term Borrowings
Long-Term Debt and Short-Term Borrowings

NOTE 7. Long-Term Debt and Short-Term Borrowings

 

The Company has a “well-known seasoned issuer” shelf registration statement, effective May 16, 2014, which registers an indeterminate amount of debt or equity securities for future sales. This replaced 3M's previous shelf registration dated August 5, 2011. In June 2014, in connection with the May 16, 2014, shelf registration, 3M re-commenced its medium-term notes program (Series F) under which 3M may issue, from time to time, up to $9 billion aggregate principal amount of notes. In May 2015, 3M issued 650 million Euros aggregate principal amount of five-year floating rate medium term notes due 2020 with an interest rate based on a floating three-month EURIBOR index, 600 million Euros aggregate principal amount of eight-year fixed rate medium-term notes due 2023 with a coupon rate of 0.95%, and 500 million Euros aggregate principal amount of fifteen-year fixed rate medium-term notes due 2030 with a coupon rate of 1.75%. As discussed in Note 9, the May 2015 debt issuances were designated in net investment hedges. The May 2015 debt issuances were from the medium-term notes program (Series F). As of June 30, 2015, the total amount of debt issued as part of the medium-term note program (Series F), inclusive of debt issued in 2011, 2012, 2014 and the 2015 debt referenced above, is approximately $6.67 billion (utilizing the foreign exchange rate applicable at the time of issuance for the Euro denominated debt).

 

Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans
Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans

NOTE 8. Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans

 

Net periodic benefit cost is recorded in cost of sales, selling, general and administrative expenses, and research, development and related expenses. Components of net periodic benefit cost and other supplemental information for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 follow:

 

Benefit Plan Information

 

   Three months ended June 30,
   Qualified and Non-qualified  
 Pension BenefitsPostretirement
   United States International Benefits
(Millions) 2015 2014 2015 2014 2015 2014
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit)            
 Service cost  $ 73 $ 60 $ 40 $ 35 $ 22 $ 17
 Interest cost    164   169   55   65   25   24
 Expected return on plan assets    (267)   (261)   (81)   (80)   (23)   (23)
 Amortization of transition (asset) obligation        (1)      
 Amortization of prior service cost (benefit)    (6)   1   (3)   (4)   (8)   (12)
 Amortization of net actuarial (gain) loss    102   61   38   31   19   15
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit)  $ 66 $ 30 $ 48 $ 47 $ 35 $ 21
Settlements, curtailments, special termination benefits and other             
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit) after settlements, curtailments,                   
 special termination benefits and other  $ 66 $ 30 $ 48 $ 47 $ 35 $ 21
                    
                    
  Six months ended June 30,
   Qualified and Non-qualified  
  Pension BenefitsPostretirement
   United States International Benefits
(Millions) 2015 2014 2015 2014 2015 2014
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit)            
 Service cost  $ 146 $ 120 $ 82 $ 71 $ 43 $ 33
 Interest cost    328   338   110   129   50   48
 Expected return on plan assets    (534)   (522)   (162)   (159)   (45)   (45)
 Amortization of transition (asset) obligation        (1)      
 Amortization of prior service cost (benefit)    (12)   2   (7)   (8)   (16)   (24)
 Amortization of net actuarial (gain) loss    204   122   76   62   38   29
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit)  $ 132 $ 60 $ 98 $ 95 $ 70 $ 41
Settlements, curtailments, special termination benefits and other        (17)      
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit) after settlements, curtailments,                   
 special termination benefits and other  $ 132 $ 60 $ 81 $ 95 $ 70 $ 41

For the six months ended June 30, 2015, contributions totaling $183 million were made to the Company's U.S. and international pension plans and $2 million to its postretirement plans. For total year 2015, the Company expects to contribute approximately $200 million of cash to its global defined benefit pension and postretirement plans. The Company does not have a required minimum cash pension contribution obligation for its U.S. plans in 2015. Future contributions will depend on market conditions, interest rates and other factors. 3M's annual measurement date for pension and postretirement assets and liabilities is December 31 each year, which is also the date used for the related annual measurement assumptions.

3M was informed during the first quarter of 2009, that the general partners of WG Trading Company, in which 3M's benefit plans hold limited partnership interests, are the subject of a criminal investigation as well as civil proceedings by the SEC and CFTC (Commodity Futures Trading Commission). In March 2011, over the objections of 3M and six other limited partners of WG Trading Company, the district court judge ruled in favor of the court appointed receiver's proposed distribution plan (and in April 2013, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit affirmed the district court's ruling). The benefit plan trustee holdings of WG Trading Company interests were adjusted to reflect the decreased estimated fair market value, inclusive of estimated insurance proceeds, as of the annual measurement dates. The Company has insurance that it believes, based on what is currently known, will result in the probable recovery of a portion of the decrease in original asset value. In the first quarter of 2014, 3M and certain 3M benefit plans filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Minnesota against five insurers seeking insurance coverage for the WG Trading Company claim. As of the 2014 measurement date, these holdings represented less than one half of one percent of 3M's fair value of total plan assets for the 3M pension plan. 3M currently believes that the resolution of these events will not have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position of the Company.

 

In March 2015, 3M Japan modified the Japan Limited Defined Benefit Corporate Pension Plan (DBCPP). Beginning July 1, 2015, eligible employees will receive a company provided contribution match of 6.12% of their eligible salary to their defined contribution plan. Employees will no longer earn additional service towards their defined benefit pension plans after July 1, 2015, except for eligible salaries above the statutory defined contribution limits. As a result of this plan modification, the Company re-measured the DBCPP, which resulted in a $17 million pre-tax curtailment gain for the six months ended June 30, 2015.

In addition, the Company also sponsors employee savings plans under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code, as discussed in Note 10 in 3M's 2014 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Derivatives
Derivatives

NOTE 9. Derivatives

 

The Company uses interest rate swaps, currency swaps, commodity price swaps, and forward and option contracts to manage risks generally associated with foreign exchange rate, interest rate and commodity price fluctuations. The information that follows explains the various types of derivatives and financial instruments used by 3M, how and why 3M uses such instruments, how such instruments are accounted for, and how such instruments impact 3M's financial position and performance.

 

Additional information with respect to the impacts on other comprehensive income of nonderivative hedging and derivative instruments is included in Note 4. Additional information with respect to the fair value of derivative instruments is included in Note 10. References to information regarding derivatives and/or hedging instruments associated with the Company's long-term debt are also made in Note 9 in 3M's 2014 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

Types of Derivatives/Hedging Instruments and Inclusion in Income/Other Comprehensive Income

 

Cash Flow Hedges:

 

For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative is reported as a component of other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings in the same period during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Gains and losses on the derivative representing either hedge ineffectiveness or hedge components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness are recognized in current earnings.

 

Cash Flow Hedging - Foreign Currency Forward and Option Contracts: The Company enters into foreign exchange forward and option contracts to hedge against the effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash flows denominated in foreign currencies. These transactions are designated as cash flow hedges. The settlement or extension of these derivatives will result in reclassifications (from accumulated other comprehensive income) to earnings in the period during which the hedged transactions affect earnings. 3M may dedesignate these cash flow hedge relationships in advance of the occurrence of the forecasted transaction. The portion of gains or losses on the derivative instrument previously accumulated in other comprehensive income for dedesignated hedges remains in accumulated other comprehensive income until the forecasted transaction affects earnings. Changes in the value of derivative instruments after dedesignation are recorded in earnings and are included in the Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments section below. Hedge ineffectiveness and the amount excluded from effectiveness testing recognized in income on cash flow hedges were not material for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014. Beginning in the second quarter of 2014 3M began extending the maximum length of time over which it hedges its exposure to the variability in future cash flows of the forecasted transactions from a previous term of 12 months to a longer term of 24 months, with certain currencies being extended further to 36 months starting in the first quarter of 2015. The dollar equivalent gross notional amount of the Company's foreign exchange forward and option contracts designated as cash flow hedges at June 30, 2015 was approximately $2.9 billion.

 

Cash Flow Hedging - Commodity Price Management: The Company manages commodity price risks through negotiated supply contracts, price protection agreements and forward contracts. 3M discontinued the use of commodity price swaps as cash flow hedges of forecasted commodity transactions in the first quarter of 2015. The Company used commodity price swaps as cash flow hedges of forecasted commodity transactions to manage price volatility. The related mark-to-market gain or loss on qualifying hedges was included in other comprehensive income to the extent effective, and reclassified into cost of sales in the period during which the hedged transaction affected earnings.

 

Cash Flow Hedging – Interest Rate Contracts: In August 2011, in anticipation of the September 2011 issuance of $1 billion in five-year fixed rate notes, 3M executed a pre-issuance cash flow hedge on a notional amount of $400 million by entering into a forward-starting five-year floating-to-fixed interest rate swap. Upon debt issuance in September 2011, 3M terminated the floating-to-fixed interest rate swap. The termination of the swap resulted in a $7 million pre-tax loss ($4 million after-tax) that will be amortized over the five-year life of the note.

 

In the third and fourth quarters of 2014, the Company entered into forward starting interest rate swaps with notional amounts totaling 500 million Euros as a hedge against interest rate volatility associated with the forecasted issuance of fixed rate debt. Upon issuance in November 2014 of 750 million Euros aggregate principal amount of twelve-year fixed rate notes, 3M terminated these interest rate swaps. The termination resulted in an $8 million pre-tax ($5 million after-tax) loss within accumulated other comprehensive income that will be amortized over the twelve-year life of the notes.

 

The amortization of losses referenced in the two preceding paragraphs is included in the tables below as part of the loss recognized in income on the effective portion of derivatives as a result of reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income.

 

As of June 30, 2015, the Company had a balance of $137 million (as shown in Note 4) associated with the after-tax net unrealized gain associated with cash flow hedging instruments recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income. This includes a remaining balance of $6 million (loss) related to the forward starting interest rate swaps (discussed in the preceding paragraphs), which will be amortized over the respective lives of the notes. Based on exchange rates as of June 30, 2015, 3M expects to reclassify approximately $65 million of the after-tax net unrealized foreign exchange cash flow hedging gains to earnings over the remainder of 2015, approximately $65 million of the after-tax net unrealized foreign exchange cash flow hedging gains to earnings in 2016, and approximately $7 million of the after-tax net unrealized foreign exchange cash flow hedging gains to earnings after 2016. 3M expects to reclassify approximately $103 million of the after-tax net unrealized foreign exchange cash flow hedging gains to earnings over the next 12 months.

 

The location in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income and amounts of gains and losses related to derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges are provided in the following table. Reclassifications of amounts from accumulated other comprehensive income into income include accumulated gains (losses) on dedesignated hedges at the time earnings are impacted by the forecasted transaction.

Three months ended June 30, 2015      
(Millions) Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income on Effective Portion of Derivative Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Effective Portion of Derivative as a Result of Reclassification from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Ineffective Portion of Gain (Loss) on Derivative and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing Recognized in Income
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships Amount Location Amount Location Amount
Foreign currency forward/option contracts  $ (16) Cost of sales $ 35 Cost of sales $
Interest rate swap contracts    Interest expense   (1) Interest expense  
Total  $ (16)   $ 34   $
              
Six months ended June 30, 2015      
(Millions) Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income on Effective Portion of Derivative Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Effective Portion of Derivative as a Result of Reclassification from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Ineffective Portion of Gain (Loss) on Derivative and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing Recognized in Income
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships Amount Location Amount Location Amount
Foreign currency forward/option contracts  $ 120 Cost of sales $ 65 Cost of sales $
Commodity price swap contracts    Cost of sales   (2) Cost of sales  
Interest rate swap contracts    Interest expense   (2) Interest expense  
Total  $ 120   $ 61   $
              
Three months ended June 30, 2014      
(Millions) Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income on Effective Portion of Derivative Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Effective Portion of Derivative as a Result of Reclassification from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Ineffective Portion of Gain (Loss) on Derivative and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing Recognized in Income
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships Amount Location Amount Location Amount
Foreign currency forward/option contracts  $ (20) Cost of sales $ (6) Cost of sales $
Commodity price swap contracts    (1) Cost of sales   1 Cost of sales  
Total  $ (21)   $ (5)   $
              
Six months ended June 30, 2014      
(Millions) Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income on Effective Portion of Derivative Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Effective Portion of Derivative as a Result of Reclassification from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Ineffective Portion of Gain (Loss) on Derivative and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing Recognized in Income
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships Amount Location Amount Location Amount
Foreign currency forward/option contracts  $ (13) Cost of sales $ (2) Cost of sales $
Commodity price swap contracts    1 Cost of sales   3 Cost of sales  
Total  $ (12)   $ 1   $

Fair Value Hedges:

 

For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as fair value hedges, the gain or loss on the derivatives as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in current earnings.

 

Fair Value Hedging - Interest Rate Swaps: The Company manages interest expense using a mix of fixed and floating rate debt. To help manage borrowing costs, the Company may enter into interest rate swaps. Under these arrangements, the Company agrees to exchange, at specified intervals, the difference between fixed and floating interest amounts calculated by reference to an agreed-upon notional principal amount. The mark-to-market of these fair value hedges is recorded as gains or losses in interest expense and is offset by the gain or loss of the underlying debt instrument, which also is recorded in interest expense. These fair value hedges are highly effective and, thus, there is no impact on earnings due to hedge ineffectiveness. The dollar equivalent (based on inception date foreign currency exchange rates) gross notional amount of the Company's interest rate swaps at June 30, 2015 was $1 billion.

 

At June 30, 2015, the Company had interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges of underlying fixed rate obligations. In July 2007, in connection with the issuance of a seven-year Eurobond for an amount of 750 million Euros, the Company completed a fixed-to-floating interest rate swap on a notional amount of 400 million Euros as a fair value hedge of a portion of the fixed interest rate Eurobond obligation. In August 2010, the Company terminated 150 million Euros of the notional amount of this swap. As a result, a gain of 18 million Euros, recorded as part of the balance of the underlying debt, was amortized as an offset to interest expense over this debt's remaining life. Prior to termination of the applicable portion of the interest rate swap, the mark-to-market of the hedge instrument was recorded as gains or losses in interest expense and was offset by the gain or loss on carrying value of the underlying debt instrument. Consequently, the subsequent amortization of the 18 million Euros recorded as part of the underlying debt balance was not part of gains on hedged items recognized in income in the tables below. The remaining interest rate swap of 250 million Euros (notional amount) matured in July 2014.

 

In November 2013, 3M issued an eight-year 1.875% fixed rate Eurobond for a face amount of 600 million Euros. Upon debt issuance, 3M completed a fixed-to-floating interest rate swap on a notional amount of 300 million Euros as a fair value hedge of a portion of the fixed interest rate Eurobond obligation.

 

In June 2014, 3M issued a five-year 1.625% fixed rate medium-term note for a face amount of $625 million. Upon debt issuance, 3M completed a fixed-to-floating interest rate swap on a notional amount of $600 million as a fair value hedge of a portion of the fixed interest rate medium-term note obligation.

 

The location in the consolidated statements of income and amounts of gains and losses related to derivative instruments designated as fair value hedges and similar information relative to the hedged items are as follows:

Three months ended June 30, 2015 Gain (Loss) on Derivative Gain (Loss) on Hedged Item
(Millions)Recognized in IncomeRecognized in Income
Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships Location Amount Location Amount
Interest rate swap contracts  Interest expense $ (11) Interest expense $ 11
Total    $ (11)   $ 11
           
Six months ended June 30, 2015 Gain (Loss) on Derivative Gain (Loss) on Hedged Item
(Millions)Recognized in IncomeRecognized in Income
Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships Location Amount Location Amount
Interest rate swap contracts  Interest expense $ (5) Interest expense $ 5
Total    $ (5)   $ 5
           
Three months ended June 30, 2014 Gain (Loss) on Derivative Gain (Loss) on Hedged Item
(Millions)Recognized in IncomeRecognized in Income
Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships Location Amount Location Amount
Interest rate swap contracts  Interest expense $ 6 Interest expense $ (6)
Total    $ 6   $ (6)
           
Six months ended June 30, 2014 Gain (Loss) on Derivative Gain (Loss) on Hedged Item
(Millions)Recognized in IncomeRecognized in Income
Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships Location Amount Location Amount
Interest rate swap contracts  Interest expense $ 13 Interest expense $ (13)
Total    $ 13   $ (13)

Net Investment Hedges:

 

The Company may use non-derivative (foreign currency denominated debt) and derivative (foreign exchange forward contracts) instruments to hedge portions of the Company's investment in foreign subsidiaries and manage foreign exchange risk. The extent of 3M's use of forward contracts may depend on the volume of foreign currency denominated debt already designated in net investment hedges. For instruments that are designated and qualify as hedges of net investments in foreign operations and that meet the effectiveness requirements, the net gains or losses attributable to changes in spot exchange rates are recorded in cumulative translation within other comprehensive income. The remainder of the change in value of such instruments is recorded in earnings. Recognition in earnings of amounts previously recorded in cumulative translation is limited to circumstances such as complete or substantially complete liquidation of the net investment in the hedged foreign operation. To the extent foreign currency denominated debt is not designated in or is dedesignated from a net investment hedge relationship, changes in value of that portion of foreign currency denominated debt due to exchange rate changes are recorded in earnings through their maturity date.

 

3M's use of foreign exchange forward contracts designated in hedges of the Company's net investment in European subsidiaries can vary by time period depending on when foreign currency denominated debt balances designated in such relationships are dedesignated, matured, or are newly issued and designated. Additionally, variation can occur in connection with the extent of the Company's desired exchange risk coverage.

 

3M also began using foreign exchange forward contracts designated in hedges of the Company's net investment in Korean subsidiaries during the first quarter of 2015.

 

At June 30, 2015, the total notional amount of foreign exchange forward contracts designated in net investment hedges was 974 million Euros and approximately 440 billion South Korean Won along with a principal amount of long-term debt instruments designated in net investment hedges totaling 3.6 billion Euros (as discussed in both Note 9 in 3M's 2014 Annual Report on Form 10-K, specifically items C, D1, D2, and H, with additional discussion within Note 7 of this report for the May 2015 debt issuances that were designated in net investment hedges). The maturity dates of these derivative and nonderivative instruments designated in net investment hedges range from 2015 to 2030.

 

The Company revised amounts previously presented in the tables below for the pretax gain (loss) recognized as cumulative translation within other comprehensive income on effective portion of instrument (“Gain Recognized as CTA”) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 relative to foreign currency denominated debt and in total. These immaterial corrections increased the previously presented amounts of the Gain recognized as CTA in the disclosure tables below by $36 million and $54 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, respectively. The revisions had no impact on the Company's consolidated results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows.

 

The location in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income and amounts of gains and losses related to derivative and nonderivative instruments designated as net investment hedges are as follows. There were no reclassifications of the effective portion of net investment hedges out of accumulated other comprehensive income into income for the periods presented in the table below.

Three months ended June 30, 2015        
Derivative and Nonderivative Instruments in Net Investment Hedging RelationshipsPretax Gain (Loss) Recognized as Cumulative Translation within Other Comprehensive Income on Effective Portion of InstrumentIneffective Portion of Gain (Loss) on Instrument and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing Recognized in Income
(Millions) Amount Location Amount
Foreign currency denominated debt  $ (55) N/A $
Foreign currency forward contracts   (55) Cost of Sales   4
Total  $ (110)   $ 4
         
Six months ended June 30, 2015    
Derivative and Nonderivative Instruments in Net Investment Hedging RelationshipsPretax Gain (Loss) Recognized as Cumulative Translation within Other Comprehensive Income on Effective Portion of InstrumentIneffective Portion of Gain (Loss) on Instrument and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing Recognized in Income
(Millions)AmountLocation Amount
Foreign currency denominated debt  $ 185 N/A $
Foreign currency forward contracts   102 Cost of Sales   4
Total  $ 287   $ 4
         
Three months ended June 30, 2014    
Derivative and Nonderivative Instruments in Net Investment Hedging RelationshipsPretax Gain (Loss) Recognized as Cumulative Translation within Other Comprehensive Income on Effective Portion of InstrumentIneffective Portion of Gain (Loss) on Instrument and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing Recognized in Income
(Millions) Amount Location Amount
Foreign currency denominated debt  $ 18 N/A $
Foreign currency forward contracts   1 Cost of Sales  
Total  $ 19   $
         
Six months ended June 30, 2014        
Derivative and Nonderivative Instruments in Net Investment Hedging Relationships Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized as Cumulative Translation within Other Comprehensive Income on Effective Portion of Instrument Ineffective Portion of Gain (Loss) on Instrument and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing Recognized in Income
(Millions) Amount Location Amount
Foreign currency denominated debt  $ 27 N/A $
Foreign currency forward contracts   1 Cost of Sales  
Total  $ 28   $

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments:

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments include dedesignated foreign currency forward and option contracts that formerly were designated in cash flow hedging relationships (as referenced in the Cash Flow Hedges section above), dedesignated foreign exchange forward contracts that formerly were designated in net investment hedging relationships, and forward and option contracts entered into, in part, as offsetting trades to such dedesignated items. In addition, 3M enters into foreign currency forward contracts to offset, in part, the impacts of certain intercompany activities (primarily associated with intercompany licensing arrangements) and enters into commodity price swaps to offset, in part, fluctuations in costs associated with the use of certain commodities and precious metals. These derivative instruments are not designated in hedging relationships; therefore, fair value gains and losses on these contracts are recorded in earnings. The dollar equivalent gross notional amount of these forward, option and swap contracts not designated as hedging instruments totaled $8.7 billion as of June 30, 2015. The Company does not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading purposes.

The location in the consolidated statements of income and amounts of gains and losses related to derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments are as follows:

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments Three months ended June 30, 2015 Six months ended June 30, 2015
Gain (Loss) on Derivative Recognized in IncomeGain (Loss) on Derivative Recognized in Income
(Millions) Location Amount Location Amount
Foreign currency forward/option contracts  Cost of sales $ 1 Cost of sales $ 5
Foreign currency forward contracts  Interest expense   (61) Interest expense   28
Commodity price swap contracts Cost of sales   Cost of sales   (4)
Total   $ (60)   $ 29
           
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments Three months ended June 30, 2014 Six months ended June 30, 2014
Gain (Loss) on Derivative Recognized in IncomeGain (Loss) on Derivative Recognized in Income
(Millions) Location Amount Location Amount
Foreign currency forward/option contracts  Cost of sales $ (2) Cost of sales $ (3)
Foreign currency forward contracts  Interest expense   35 Interest expense   68
Total   $ 33   $ 65

Location and Fair Value Amount of Derivative Instruments

 

The following tables summarize the fair value of 3M's derivative instruments, excluding nonderivative instruments used as hedging instruments, and their location in the consolidated balance sheet. Additional information with respect to the fair value of derivative instruments is included in Note 10.

June 30, 2015          
(Millions)Assets Liabilities
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments Location Amount Location Amount
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments      
Foreign currency forward/option contracts Other current assets $ 179 Other current liabilities $ 4
Foreign currency forward/option contracts Other assets   73 Other liabilities   3
Interest rate swap contracts  Other assets   20 Other liabilities  
Total derivatives designated as          
 hedging instruments    $ 272   $ 7
            
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments        
Foreign currency forward/option contracts  Other current assets $ 92 Other current liabilities $ 71
Foreign currency forward/option contracts Other assets   1 Other liabilities   1
Commodity price swap contracts  Other current assets   Other current liabilities   2
Total derivatives not designated as          
 hedging instruments    $ 93   $ 74
            
Total derivative instruments    $ 365   $ 81
            
December 31, 2014          
(Millions)Assets Liabilities
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments Location Amount Location Amount
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments      
Foreign currency forward/option contracts Other current assets $ 116 Other current liabilities $ 2
Foreign currency forward/option contracts Other assets   47 Other liabilities   1
Commodity price swap contracts  Other current assets   Other current liabilities   4
Interest rate swap contracts  Other assets   27 Other liabilities   3
Total derivatives designated as          
 hedging instruments    $ 190   $ 10
            
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments        
Foreign currency forward/option contracts  Other current assets $ 66 Other current liabilities $ 33
Total derivatives not designated as          
 hedging instruments    $ 66   $ 33
            
Total derivative instruments    $ 256   $ 43

Credit Risk and Offsetting of Assets and Liabilities of Derivative Instruments

 

The Company is exposed to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by counterparties in interest rate swaps, currency swaps, commodity price swaps, and forward and option contracts. However, the Company's risk is limited to the fair value of the instruments. The Company actively monitors its exposure to credit risk through the use of credit approvals and credit limits, and by selecting major international banks and financial institutions as counterparties. 3M enters into master netting arrangements with counterparties when possible to mitigate credit risk in derivative transactions. A master netting arrangement may allow each counterparty to net settle amounts owed between a 3M entity and the counterparty as a result of multiple, separate derivative transactions. As of June 30, 2015, 3M has International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) agreements with 16 applicable banks and financial institutions which contain netting provisions. In addition to a master agreement with 3M supported by a primary counterparty's parent guarantee, 3M also has associated credit support agreements in place with 15 of its primary derivative counterparties which, among other things, provide the circumstances under which either party is required to post eligible collateral (when the market value of transactions covered by these agreements exceeds specified thresholds or if a counterparty's credit rating has been downgraded to a predetermined rating). The Company does not anticipate nonperformance by any of these counterparties.

 

3M has elected to present the fair value of derivative assets and liabilities within the Company's consolidated balance sheet on a gross basis even when derivative transactions are subject to master netting arrangements and may otherwise qualify for net presentation. However, the following tables provide information as if the Company had elected to offset the asset and liability balances of derivative instruments, netted in accordance with various criteria in the event of default or termination as stipulated by the terms of netting arrangements with each of the counterparties. For each counterparty, if netted, the Company would offset the asset and liability balances of all derivatives at the end of the reporting period based on the 3M entity that is a party to the transactions. Derivatives not subject to master netting agreements are not eligible for net presentation. As of the applicable dates presented below, no collateral had been received or pledged related to these derivative instruments.

Offsetting of Financial Assets/Liabilities under Master Netting Agreements with Derivative Counterparties
June 30, 2015            
       Gross Amounts not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet that are Subject to Master Netting Agreements   
(Millions)  Gross Amount of Derivative Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet  Gross Amount of Eligible Offsetting Recognized Derivative Liabilities  Cash Collateral Received  Net Amount of Derivative Assets
Derivatives subject to master            
 netting agreements $ 365 $ 57 $ $ 308
Derivatives not subject to master            
 netting agreements          
Total $ 365       $ 308

June 30, 2015            
       Gross Amounts not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet that are Subject to Master Netting Agreements   
(Millions)  Gross Amount of Derivative Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet  Gross Amount of Eligible Offsetting Recognized Derivative Assets  Cash Collateral Pledged  Net Amount of Derivative Liabilities
Derivatives subject to master            
 netting agreements $ 75 $ 57 $ $ 18
Derivatives not subject to master            
 netting agreements   6         6
Total $ 81       $ 24

December 31, 2014            
       Gross Amounts not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet that are Subject to Master Netting Agreements   
(Millions)  Gross Amount of Derivative Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet  Gross Amount of Eligible Offsetting Recognized Derivative Liabilities  Cash Collateral Received  Net Amount of Derivative Assets
Derivatives subject to master            
 netting agreements $ 256 $ 20 $ $ 236
Derivatives not subject to master            
 netting agreements          
Total $ 256       $ 236

December 31, 2014            
       Gross Amounts not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet that are Subject to Master Netting Agreements   
(Millions)  Gross Amount of Derivative Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet  Gross Amount of Eligible Offsetting Recognized Derivative Assets  Cash Collateral Pledged  Net Amount of Derivative Liabilities
Derivatives subject to master            
 netting agreements $ 36 $ 20 $ $ 16
Derivatives not subject to master            
 netting agreements   7         7
Total $ 43       $ 23

Currency Effects

 

3M estimates that year-on-year currency effects, including hedging impacts, decreased pre-tax income by approximately $110 million for the three months ended June 30, 2015 and decreased pre-tax income by approximately $200 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015. This estimate includes the effect of translating profits from local currencies into U.S. dollars; the impact of currency fluctuations on the transfer of goods between 3M operations in the United States and abroad; and transaction gains and losses, including derivative instruments designed to reduce foreign currency exchange rate risks. 3M estimates that year-on-year derivative and other transaction gains and losses increased pre-tax income by approximately $40 million for three months ended June 30, 2015 and increased pre-tax income by approximately $80 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015.

Fair Value Measurements
Fair Value Measurements

NOTE 10. Fair Value Measurements

 

3M follows ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, with respect to assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and nonrecurring basis. Under the standard, fair value is defined as the exit price, or the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. The standard also establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company's assumptions about the factors market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability developed based upon the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, and inputs (other than quoted prices) that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. Categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

 

Assets and Liabilities that are Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis:

 

For 3M, assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis primarily relate to available-for-sale marketable securities, available-for-sale investments (included as part of investments in the Consolidated Balance Sheet) and certain derivative instruments. Derivatives include cash flow hedges, interest rate swaps and most net investment hedges. The information in the following paragraphs and tables primarily addresses matters relative to these financial assets and liabilities. Separately, there were no material fair value measurements with respect to nonfinancial assets or liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the Company's financial statements on a recurring basis for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014.

 

3M uses various valuation techniques, which are primarily based upon the market and income approaches, with respect to financial assets and liabilities. Following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for the respective financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value.

 

Available-for-sale marketable securities — except certain U.S. municipal securities:

 

Marketable securities, except certain U.S. municipal securities, are valued utilizing multiple sources. A weighted average market price is used for these securities. Market prices are obtained for these securities from a variety of industry standard data providers, security master files from large financial institutions, and other third-party sources. These multiple prices are used as inputs into a distribution-curve-based algorithm to determine the daily fair value to be used. 3M classifies U.S. treasury securities as level 1, while all other marketable securities (excluding certain U.S. municipal securities) are classified as level 2. Marketable securities are discussed further in Note 6.

 

Available-for-sale marketable securities — certain U.S. municipal securities only:

 

In the fourth quarter 2014, 3M obtained a municipal bond with the City of Nevada, Missouri, which represent 3M's only U.S. municipal securities holding as of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014. Due to the nature of this security, the valuation method utilized will include the financial health of the City of Nevada, any recent municipal bond issuances by Nevada, and macroeconomic considerations related to the direction of interest rates and the health of the overall municipal bond market, and as such will be classified as a level 3 security.

 

Available-for-sale investments:

 

Investments include equity securities that are traded in an active market. Closing stock prices are readily available from active markets and are used as being representative of fair value. 3M classifies these securities as level 1.

 

Derivative instruments:

 

The Company's derivative assets and liabilities within the scope of ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, are required to be recorded at fair value. The Company's derivatives that are recorded at fair value include foreign currency forward and option contracts, commodity price swaps, interest rate swaps, and net investment hedges where the hedging instrument is recorded at fair value. Net investment hedges that use foreign currency denominated debt to hedge 3M's net investment are not impacted by the fair value measurement standard under ASC 820, as the debt used as the hedging instrument is marked to a value with respect to changes in spot foreign currency exchange rates and not with respect to other factors that may impact fair value.

 

3M has determined that foreign currency forwards, commodity price swaps, currency swaps, foreign currency options, interest rate swaps and cross-currency swaps will be considered level 2 measurements. 3M uses inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset. These inputs include foreign currency exchange rates, volatilities, and interest rates. Derivative positions are primarily valued using standard calculations/models that use as their basis readily observable market parameters. Industry standard data providers are 3M's primary source for forward and spot rate information for both interest rates and currency rates, with resulting valuations periodically validated through third-party or counterparty quotes and a net present value stream of cash flows model.

 

The following tables provide information by level for assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

       Fair Value Measurements
(Millions)Fair Value atUsing Inputs Considered as
Description June 30, 2015 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Assets:        
Available-for-sale:        
 Marketable securities:        
  U.S. government agency securities  $ 50 $ $ 50 $
  Foreign government agency securities    50     50  
  Corporate debt securities    230     230  
  Certificates of deposit/time deposits    27     27  
  Commercial paper    36     36  
  Asset-backed securities:            
   Automobile loan related    66     66  
   Credit card related    13     13  
   Equipment lease related    8     8  
   Other    20     20  
  U.S. municipal securities    15       15
 Investments    1   1    
Derivative instruments — assets:            
 Foreign currency forward/option contracts    345     345  
 Interest rate swap contracts    20     20  
                
Liabilities:            
Derivative instruments — liabilities:            
 Foreign currency forward/option contracts    79     79  
 Commodity price swap contracts    2     2  

     Fair Value at Fair Value Measurements
(Millions)December 31, 2014Using Inputs Considered as
Description   Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Assets:        
Available-for-sale:        
 Marketable securities:        
  U.S. government agency securities $ 108 $ $ 108 $
  Foreign government agency securities    95     95  
  Corporate debt securities    619     619  
  Certificates of deposit/time deposits    41     41  
  Asset-backed securities:            
   Automobile loan related    282     282  
   Credit card related    162     162  
   Equipment lease related    48     48  
   Other    46     46  
  U.S. treasury securities    38   38    
  U.S. municipal securities    15       15
 Investments    1   1    
Derivative instruments — assets:            
 Foreign currency forward/option contracts    229     229  
 Interest rate swap contracts    27     27  
                
Liabilities:            
Derivative instruments — liabilities:            
 Foreign currency forward/option contracts    36     36  
 Commodity price swap contracts    4     4  
 Interest rate swap contracts    3     3  

The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of items measured at fair value on a recurring basis in the table above that used significant unobservable inputs (Level 3).

(Millions) Three months ended Six months ended
Marketable securities – auction rate securities andJune 30,June 30,
certain U.S. municipal securities only 2015 2014 2015 2014
Beginning balance  $ 15 $ 12 $ 15 $ 11
Total gains or losses:            
 Included in earnings         
 Included in other comprehensive income          1
Purchases and issuances        
Sales and settlements        
Transfers in and/or out of Level 3         
Ending balance   15   12   15   12
              
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in            
 earnings for securities held at the end of the reporting period        

In addition, the plan assets of 3M's pension and postretirement benefit plans are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (at least annually). Refer to Note 10 in 3M's 2014 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

Assets and Liabilities that are Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis:

Disclosures are required for certain assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value, but are recognized and disclosed at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in periods subsequent to initial recognition. For 3M, such measurements of fair value relate primarily to long-lived asset impairments. There were no material long-lived asset impairments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments:

The Company's financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, accounts receivable, certain investments, accounts payable, borrowings, and derivative contracts. The fair values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and short-term borrowings and current portion of long-term debt approximated carrying values because of the short-term nature of these instruments. Available-for-sale marketable securities and investments, in addition to certain derivative instruments, are recorded at fair values as indicated in the preceding disclosures. For its long-term debt the Company utilized third-party quotes to estimate fair values (classified as level 2). Information with respect to the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of these financial instruments follow:

   June 30, 2015  December 31, 2014
   Carrying Fair Carrying Fair
(Millions)ValueValueValue Value
Long-term debt, excluding current portion $ 8,431 $ 8,722 $ 6,731 $ 7,203

The fair values reflected above consider the terms of the related debt absent the impacts of derivative/hedging activity. The carrying amount of long-term debt referenced above is impacted by certain fixed-to-floating interest rate swaps that are designated as fair value hedges and by the designation of fixed rate Eurobond securities issued by the Company as hedging instruments of the Company's net investment in its European subsidiaries. Many of 3M's fixed-rate bonds were trading at a premium at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 due to the low interest rates and tightening of 3M's credit spreads.

Commitments and Contingencies
Commitments and Contingencies

NOTE 11. Commitments and Contingencies

 

Legal Proceedings:

 

The Company and some of its subsidiaries are involved in numerous claims and lawsuits, principally in the United States, and regulatory proceedings worldwide. These include various products liability (involving products that the Company now or formerly manufactured and sold), intellectual property, and commercial claims and lawsuits, including those brought under the antitrust laws, and environmental proceedings. Unless otherwise stated, the Company is vigorously defending all such litigation. Additional information about the Company's process for disclosure and recording of liabilities and insurance receivables related to legal proceedings can be found in Note 13 “Commitments and Contingencies” in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014.

The following sections first describe the significant legal proceedings in which the Company is involved, and then describe the liabilities and associated insurance receivables the Company has accrued relating to its significant legal proceedings.

 

Respirator Mask/Asbestos Litigation

As of June 30, 2015, the Company is a named defendant, with multiple co-defendants, in numerous lawsuits in various courts that purport to represent approximately 2,150 individual claimants, compared to approximately 2,220 individual claimants with actions pending at December 31, 2014.

The vast majority of the lawsuits and claims resolved by and currently pending against the Company allege use of some of the Company's mask and respirator products and seek damages from the Company and other defendants for alleged personal injury from workplace exposures to asbestos, silica, coal mine dust or other occupational dusts found in products manufactured by other defendants or generally in the workplace. A minority of the lawsuits and claims resolved by and currently pending against the Company generally allege personal injury from occupational exposure to asbestos from products previously manufactured by the Company, which are often unspecified, as well as products manufactured by other defendants, or occasionally at Company premises.

The Company's current volume of new and pending matters is substantially lower than it experienced at the peak of filings in 2003. The Company expects that filing of claims by unimpaired claimants in the future will continue to be at much lower levels than in the past. Accordingly, the number of claims alleging more serious injuries, including mesothelioma and other malignancies, will represent a greater percentage of total claims than in the past. The Company has prevailed in all ten cases taken to trial, including eight of the nine cases tried to verdict (such trials occurred in 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2007, and 2015), and an appellate reversal in 2005 of the 2001 jury verdict adverse to the Company. The tenth case, tried in 2009, was dismissed by the court at the close of plaintiff's evidence, based on the court's legal finding that the plaintiff had not presented sufficient evidence to support a jury verdict.

The Company has demonstrated in these past trial proceedings that its respiratory protection products are effective as claimed when used in the intended manner and in the intended circumstances. Consequently the Company believes that claimants are unable to establish that their medical conditions, even if significant, are attributable to the Company's respiratory protection products. Nonetheless the Company's litigation experience indicates that claims of persons with malignant conditions are costlier to resolve than the claims of unimpaired persons, and it therefore believes the average cost of resolving pending and future claims on a per-claim basis will continue to be higher than it experienced in prior periods when the vast majority of claims were asserted by the unimpaired.

As previously reported, the State of West Virginia, through its Attorney General, filed a complaint in 2003 against the Company and two other manufacturers of respiratory protection products in the Circuit Court of Lincoln County, West Virginia and amended its complaint in 2005. The amended complaint seeks substantial, but unspecified, compensatory damages primarily for reimbursement of the costs allegedly incurred by the State for worker's compensation and healthcare benefits provided to all workers with occupational pneumoconiosis and unspecified punitive damages. The case has been inactive since the fourth quarter of 2007, other than a case management conference in March 2011. In November 2013, the State filed a motion to bifurcate the lawsuit into separate liability and damages proceedings. At the hearing on the motion, the Court declined to bifurcate the lawsuit. No liability has been recorded for this matter because the Company believes that liability is not probable and estimable at this time. In addition, the Company is not able to estimate a possible loss or range of loss given the lack of any meaningful discovery responses by the State of West Virginia, the otherwise minimal activity in this case and the fact that the complaint asserts claims against two other manufacturers where a defendant's share of liability may turn on the law of joint and several liability and by the amount of fault, if any, a jury might allocate to each defendant if the case is ultimately tried.

Respirator Mask/Asbestos Liabilities and Insurance Receivables: The Company estimates its respirator mask/asbestos liabilities, including the cost to resolve the claims and defense costs, by examining: (i) the Company's experience in resolving claims, (ii) apparent trends, (iii) the apparent quality of claims (e.g., whether the claim has been asserted on behalf of asymptomatic claimants), (iv) changes in the nature and mix of claims (e.g., the proportion of claims asserting usage of the Company's mask or respirator products and alleging exposure to each of asbestos, silica, coal or other occupational dusts, and claims pleading use of asbestos-containing products allegedly manufactured by the Company), (v) the number of current claims and a projection of the number of future asbestos and other claims that may be filed against the Company, (vi) the cost to resolve recently settled claims, and (vii) an estimate of the cost to resolve and defend against current and future claims.

Developments may occur that could affect the Company's estimate of its liabilities. These developments include, but are not limited to, significant changes in (i) the number of future claims, (ii) the average cost of resolving claims, (iii) the legal costs of defending these claims and in maintaining trial readiness, (iv) changes in the mix and nature of claims received, (v) trial and appellate outcomes, (vi) changes in the law and procedure applicable to these claims, and (vii) the financial viability of other co-defendants and insurers.

As a result of the Company's cost of resolving claims of persons who claim more serious injuries, including mesothelioma and other malignancies, the Company increased its accruals in the first six months of 2015 for respirator mask/asbestos liabilities by $23 million, $9 million of which occurred in the second quarter of 2015. In the first six months of 2015, the Company made payments for fees and settlements of $24 million related to the respirator mask/asbestos litigation, $14 million of which occurred in the second quarter of 2015. As of June 30, 2015, the Company had accruals for respirator mask/asbestos liabilities of $139 million (excluding Aearo accruals). This accrual represents the low end in a range of loss. The Company cannot estimate the amount or upper end of the range of amounts by which the liability may exceed the accrual the Company has established because of the (i) inherent difficulty in projecting the number of claims that have not yet been asserted or the time period in which future claims may be asserted, (ii) the complaints nearly always assert claims against multiple defendants where the damages alleged are typically not attributed to individual defendants so that a defendant's share of liability may turn on the law of joint and several liability, which can vary by state, (iii) the multiple factors described above that the Company considers in estimating its liabilities, and (iv) the several possible developments described above that may occur that could affect the Company's estimate of liabilities.

As of June 30, 2015, the Company's receivable for insurance recoveries related to the respirator mask/asbestos litigation was $41 million. The Company estimates insurance receivables based on an analysis of its policies, including their exclusions, pertinent case law interpreting comparable policies, its experience with similar claims, and an assessment of the nature of each claim and remaining coverage. The Company then records an amount it has concluded is likely to be recovered. Various factors could affect the timing and amount of recovery of this receivable, including (i) delays in or avoidance of payment by insurers; (ii) the extent to which insurers may become insolvent in the future, and (iii) the outcome of negotiations with insurers and legal proceedings with respect to respirator mask/asbestos liability insurance coverage.

The Company has unresolved coverage with claims-made carriers for respirator mask claims. The Company is also seeking coverage under the policies of certain insolvent insurers. Once those claims for coverage are resolved, the Company will have collected substantially all of its remaining insurance coverage for respirator mask/asbestos claims.

Respirator Mask/Asbestos Litigation – Aearo Technologies

On April 1, 2008, a subsidiary of the Company purchased the stock of Aearo Holding Corp., the parent of Aearo Technologies (“Aearo”). Aearo manufactured and sold various products, including personal protection equipment, such as eye, ear, head, face, fall and certain respiratory protection products.

As of June 30, 2015, Aearo and/or other companies that previously owned and operated Aearo's respirator business (American Optical Corporation, Warner-Lambert LLC, AO Corp. and Cabot Corporation (“Cabot”)) are named defendants, with multiple co-defendants, including the Company, in numerous lawsuits in various courts in which plaintiffs allege use of mask and respirator products and seek damages from Aearo and other defendants for alleged personal injury from workplace exposures to asbestos, silica-related, or other occupational dusts found in products manufactured by other defendants or generally in the workplace.

As of June 30, 2015, the Company, through its Aearo subsidiary, had accruals of $22 million for product liabilities and defense costs related to current and future Aearo-related asbestos and silica-related claims. Responsibility for legal costs, as well as for settlements and judgments, is currently shared in an informal arrangement among Aearo, Cabot, American Optical Corporation and a subsidiary of Warner Lambert and their respective insurers (the “Payor Group”). Liability is allocated among the parties based on the number of years each company sold respiratory products under the “AO Safety” brand and/or owned the AO Safety Division of American Optical Corporation and the alleged years of exposure of the individual plaintiff. Aearo's share of the contingent liability is further limited by an agreement entered into between Aearo and Cabot on July 11, 1995. This agreement provides that, so long as Aearo pays to Cabot a quarterly fee of $100,000, Cabot will retain responsibility and liability for, and indemnify Aearo against, any product liability claims involving exposure to asbestos, silica, or silica products for respirators sold prior to July 11, 1995. Because of the difficulty in determining how long a particular respirator remains in the stream of commerce after being sold, Aearo and Cabot have applied the agreement to claims arising out of the alleged use of respirators involving exposure to asbestos, silica or silica products prior to January 1, 1997. With these arrangements in place, Aearo's potential liability is limited to exposures alleged to have arisen from the use of respirators involving exposure to asbestos, silica, or silica products on or after January 1, 1997. To date, Aearo has elected to pay the quarterly fee. Aearo could potentially be exposed to additional claims for some part of the pre-July 11, 1995 period covered by its agreement with Cabot if Aearo elects to discontinue its participation in this arrangement, or if Cabot is no longer able to meet its obligations in these matters.

In March 2012, Cabot CSC Corporation and Cabot Corporation filed a lawsuit against Aearo in the Superior Court of Suffolk County, Massachusetts seeking declaratory relief as to the scope of Cabot's indemnity obligations under the July 11, 1995 agreement, including whether Cabot has retained liability for coal workers' pneumoconiosis claims, and seeking damages for breach of contract. In June 2014, the court granted Aearo's motion for summary judgment on all claims. Cabot filed a motion for reconsideration, and Aearo filed a motion for clarification of the court's order granting Aearo summary judgment. In October 2014, the court denied Aearo's motion for clarification. The court also denied, in part, Cabot's motion for reconsideration and reaffirmed its ruling that Cabot retained liability for claims involving exposure to silica in coal mine dust. The court granted Cabot's motion, in part, ruling that Aearo was not entitled to summary judgment on Cabot's claim for equitable allocation, and on whether the 258 underlying claims were Cabot's responsibility. These two issues remain in the case for further proceedings and the parties have engaged in discovery related to them. New motions for summary judgment will be presented to the court in the fourth quarter of 2015. 

Developments may occur that could affect the estimate of Aearo's liabilities. These developments include, but are not limited to: (i) significant changes in the number of future claims, (ii) significant changes in the average cost of resolving claims, (iii) significant changes in the legal costs of defending these claims, (iv) significant changes in the mix and nature of claims received, (v) trial and appellate outcomes, (vi) significant changes in the law and procedure applicable to these claims, (vii) significant changes in the liability allocation among the co-defendants, (viii) the financial viability of members of the Payor Group including exhaustion of available insurance coverage limits, and/or (ix) a determination that the interpretation of the contractual obligations on which Aearo has estimated its share of liability is inaccurate. The Company cannot determine the impact of these potential developments on its current estimate of Aearo's share of liability for these existing and future claims. If any of the developments described above were to occur, the actual amount of these liabilities for existing and future claims could be significantly larger than the amount accrued.

Because of the inherent difficulty in projecting the number of claims that have not yet been asserted, the complexity of allocating responsibility for future claims among the Payor Group, and the several possible developments that may occur that could affect the estimate of Aearo's liabilities, the Company cannot estimate the amount or range of amounts by which Aearo's liability may exceed the accrual the Company has established.

Environmental Matters and Litigation

The Company's operations are subject to environmental laws and regulations including those pertaining to air emissions, wastewater discharges, toxic substances, and the handling and disposal of solid and hazardous wastes enforceable by national, state, and local authorities around the world, and private parties in the United States and abroad. These laws and regulations provide, under certain circumstances, a basis for the remediation of contamination, for restoration of or compensation for damages to natural resources, and for personal injury and property damage claims. The Company has incurred, and will continue to incur, costs and capital expenditures in complying with these laws and regulations, defending personal injury and property damage claims, and modifying its business operations in light of its environmental responsibilities. In its effort to satisfy its environmental responsibilities and comply with environmental laws and regulations, the Company has established, and periodically updates, policies relating to environmental standards of performance for its operations worldwide.

Under certain environmental laws, including the United States Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 and similar state laws, the Company may be jointly and severally liable, typically with other companies, for the costs of remediation of environmental contamination at current or former facilities and at off-site locations. The Company has identified numerous locations, most of which are in the United States, at which it may have some liability. Please refer to the section entitled “Environmental Liabilities and Insurance Receivables” that follows for information on the amount of the accrual.

Environmental Matters

As previously reported, the Company has been voluntarily cooperating with ongoing reviews by local, state, federal (primarily the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)), and international agencies of possible environmental and health effects of various perfluorinated compounds (“PFCs”), including perfluorooctanyl compounds such as perfluorooctanoate (“PFOA”) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (“PFOS”). As a result of its phase-out decision in May 2000, the Company no longer manufactures perfluorooctanyl compounds. The company ceased manufacturing and using the vast majority of these compounds within approximately two years of the phase-out announcement, and ceased all manufacturing and the last significant use of this chemistry by the end of 2008. Through its ongoing life cycle management and its raw material composition identification processes associated with the Company's policies covering the use of all persistent and bio-accumulative materials, the Company has on occasion identified the presence of precursor chemicals in materials received from suppliers that may ultimately degrade to PFOA, PFOS, or similar compounds. Upon such identification, the Company works to find alternatives for such materials.

Regulatory activities concerning PFOA and/or PFOS continue in the United States, Europe and elsewhere, and before certain international bodies. These activities include gathering of exposure and use information, risk assessment, and consideration of regulatory approaches. As the database of studies of both chemicals has expanded, the EPA has developed draft human health effects documents summarizing the available data from these studies. In February 2014, the EPA initiated external peer review of its draft human health effects documents for PFOA and PFOS. The peer review panel met in August 2014. The EPA has stated that following the peer review process it will revise its health effects documents and use them to establish lifetime health advisories for PFOS and PFOA in drinking water. Lifetime health advisories, while not enforceable, serve as guidance and are benchmarks for determining if concentrations of chemicals in tap water from public utilities are safe for public consumption. Once finalized, the EPA stated that the lifetime health advisories are expected to supersede the provisional health advisories for PFOA and PFOS in drinking water issued by the EPA in 2009 – currently at 0.4 micrograms per liter for PFOA and 0.2 micrograms per liter for PFOS. In an effort to collect exposure information under the Safe Drinking Water Act, the EPA published on May 2, 2012 a list of unregulated substances, including six PFCs, required to be monitored during the period 2013-2015 by public water system suppliers to determine the extent of their occurrence.

The Company is continuing to make progress in its work, under the supervision of state regulators, to address its historic disposal of PFC-containing waste associated with manufacturing operations at the Decatur, Alabama, Cottage Grove, Minnesota, and Cordova, Illinois plants.

As previously reported, the Company entered into a voluntary remedial action agreement with the Alabama Department of Environmental Management (ADEM) to address the presence of PFCs in the soil at the Company's manufacturing facility in Decatur, Alabama. Pursuant to a permit issued by ADEM, for approximately twenty years, the Company incorporated its wastewater treatment plant sludge containing PFCs in fields at its Decatur facility. After a review of the available options to address the presence of PFCs in the soil, ADEM agreed that the preferred remediation option is to use a multilayer cap over the former sludge incorporation areas on the manufacturing site with subsequent groundwater migration controls and treatment. Implementation of that option will continue and is expected to be completed in 2018.

The Company continues to work with the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) pursuant to the terms of the previously disclosed May 2007 Settlement Agreement and Consent Order to address the presence of certain PFCs in the soil and groundwater at former disposal sites in Washington County, Minnesota (Oakdale and Woodbury) and at the Company's manufacturing facility at Cottage Grove, Minnesota. Under this agreement, the Company's principal obligations include (i) evaluating releases of certain PFCs from these sites and proposing response actions; (ii) providing treatment or alternative drinking water upon identifying any level exceeding a Health Based Value (“HBV”) or Health Risk Limit (“HRL”) (i.e., the amount of a chemical in drinking water determined by the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) to be safe for human consumption over a lifetime) for certain PFCs for which a HBV and/or HRL exists as a result of contamination from these sites; (iii) remediating identified sources of other PFCs at these sites that are not controlled by actions to remediate PFOA and PFOS; and (iv) sharing information with the MPCA about certain perfluorinated compounds. During 2008, the MPCA issued formal decisions adopting remedial options for the former disposal sites in Washington County, Minnesota (Oakdale and Woodbury). In August 2009, the MPCA issued a formal decision adopting remedial options for the Company's Cottage Grove manufacturing facility. During the spring and summer of 2010, 3M began implementing the agreed upon remedial options at the Cottage Grove and Woodbury sites. 3M commenced the remedial option at the Oakdale site in late 2010. At each location the remedial options were recommended by the Company and approved by the MPCA. Remediation work has been completed at the Oakdale and Woodbury sites, and they are in an operational maintenance mode. Remediation will continue at the Cottage Grove site during 2015.

In August 2014, the Illinois EPA approved a request by the Company to establish a groundwater management zone at its manufacturing facility in Cordova, Illinois, which includes ongoing pumping of impacted site groundwater, groundwater monitoring and routine reporting of results.

The Company cannot predict what additional regulatory actions arising from the foregoing proceedings and activities, if any, may be taken regarding such compounds or the consequences of any such actions.

Environmental Litigation

As previously reported, a former employee filed a purported class action lawsuit in 2002 in the Circuit Court of Morgan County, Alabama, seeking unstated damages and alleging that the plaintiffs suffered fear, increased risk, subclinical injuries, and property damage from exposure to certain perfluorochemicals at or near the Company's Decatur, Alabama, manufacturing facility. The court in 2005 granted the Company's motion to dismiss the named plaintiff's personal injury-related claims on the basis that such claims are barred by the exclusivity provisions of the state's Workers Compensation Act. The plaintiffs' counsel filed an amended complaint in November 2006, limiting the case to property damage claims on behalf of a purported class of residents and property owners in the vicinity of the Decatur plant.

Also, in 2005, the judge in a second purported class action lawsuit (filed by three residents of Morgan County, Alabama, seeking unstated compensatory and punitive damages involving alleged damage to their property from emissions of certain perfluorochemical compounds from the Company's Decatur, Alabama, manufacturing facility that formerly manufactured those compounds) granted the Company's motion to abate the case, effectively putting the case on hold pending the resolution of class certification issues in the first action described above, filed in the same court in 2002. Despite the stay, plaintiffs filed an amended complaint seeking damages for alleged personal injuries and property damage on behalf of the named plaintiffs and the members of a purported class. No further action in the case is expected unless and until the stay is lifted.

In February 2009, a resident of Franklin County, Alabama, filed a purported class action lawsuit in the Circuit Court of Franklin County seeking compensatory damages and injunctive relief based on the application by the Decatur utility's wastewater treatment plant of wastewater treatment sludge to farmland and grasslands in the state that allegedly contain PFOA, PFOS and other perfluorochemicals. The named plaintiff seeks to represent a class of all persons within the State of Alabama who have had PFOA, PFOS, and other perfluorochemicals released or deposited on their property. In March 2010, the Alabama Supreme Court ordered the case transferred from Franklin County to Morgan County. In May 2010, consistent with its handling of the other matters, the Morgan County Circuit Court abated this case, putting it on hold pending the resolution of the class certification issues in the first case filed there. In May 2013, the court placed the case on its administrative docket due to co-defendant Synagro's bankruptcy filing. Pursuant to directions from the Morgan County court, the parties reported that the Synagro Chapter 11 bankruptcy case was concluded and closed in September 2014.

In December 2010, the State of Minnesota, by its Attorney General Lori Swanson, acting in its capacity as trustee of the natural resources of the State of Minnesota, filed a lawsuit in Hennepin County District Court against 3M to recover damages (including unspecified assessment costs and reasonable attorney's fees) for alleged injury to, destruction of, and loss of use of certain of the State's natural resources under the Minnesota Environmental Response and Liability Act (MERLA) and the Minnesota Water Pollution Control Act (MWPCA), as well as statutory nuisance and common law claims of trespass, nuisance, and negligence with respect to the presence of PFCs in the groundwater, surface water, fish or other aquatic life, and sediments (the “NRD Lawsuit”). The State also seeks declarations under MERLA that 3M is responsible for all damages the State may suffer in the future for injuries to natural resources from releases of PFCs into the environment, and under MWPCA that 3M is responsible for compensation for future loss or destruction of fish, aquatic life, and other damages.

In November 2011, the Metropolitan Council filed a motion to intervene and a complaint in the NRD Lawsuit seeking compensatory damages and other legal, declaratory and equitable relief, including reasonable attorneys' fees, for costs and fees that the Metropolitan Council alleges it will be required to assess at some time in the future if the MPCA imposes restrictions on Metropolitan Council's PFOS discharges to the Mississippi River, including the installation and maintenance of a water treatment system. The Metropolitan Council's intervention motion was based on several theories, including common law negligence, and statutory claims under MERLA for response costs, and under the Minnesota Environmental Rights Act (MERA) for declaratory and equitable relief against 3M for PFOS and other PFC pollution of the waters and sediments of the Mississippi River. 3M did not object to the motion to intervene. In January 2012, 3M answered the Metropolitan Council's complaint and filed a counterclaim alleging that the Metropolitan Council discharges PFCs to the Mississippi River and discharges PFC-containing sludge and bio solids from one or more of its wastewater treatment plants onto agricultural lands and local area landfills. Accordingly, 3M requested that if the court finds that the State is entitled to any of the damages the State seeks, 3M seeks contribution and apportionment from the Metropolitan Council, including attorneys' fees, under MERLA, and contribution from and liability for the Metropolitan Council's proportional share of damages awarded to the State under the MWPCA, as well as under statutory nuisance and common law theories of trespass, nuisance, and negligence. 3M also seeks declaratory relief under MERA.

In April 2012, 3M filed a motion to disqualify the State of Minnesota's counsel, Covington & Burling, LLP (Covington). In October 2012, the court granted 3M's motion to disqualify Covington as counsel to the State and the State and Covington appealed the court's disqualification to the Minnesota Court of Appeals. In July 2013, the Minnesota Court of Appeals affirmed the district court's disqualification order. In October 2013, the Minnesota Supreme Court granted both the State's and Covington's petition for review of the decision of the Minnesota Court of Appeals. In April 2014, the Minnesota Supreme Court affirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded the case to the district court for further proceedings, which are on-going. Other activity in the case has been stayed pending the outcome of the disqualification issue. In a separate but related action, the Company filed suit against Covington for breach of its fiduciary duties to the Company and for breach of contract arising out of Covington's representation of the State of Minnesota in the NRD Lawsuit.

For environmental litigation matters described in this section for which a liability, if any, has been recorded, the Company believes the amount recorded, as well as the possible loss or range of loss in excess of the established accrual is not material to the Company's consolidated results of operations or financial condition. For those matters for which a liability has not been recorded, the Company believes such liability is not probable and estimable and the Company is not able to estimate a possible loss or range of loss at this time.

Environmental Liabilities and Insurance Receivables

As of June 30, 2015, the Company had recorded liabilities of $26 million for estimated “environmental remediation” costs based upon an evaluation of currently available facts with respect to each individual site and also recorded related insurance receivables of $11 million. The Company records liabilities for remediation costs on an undiscounted basis when they are probable and reasonably estimable, generally no later than the completion of feasibility studies or the Company's commitment to a plan of action. Liabilities for estimated costs of environmental remediation, depending on the site, are based primarily upon internal or third-party environmental studies, and estimates as to the number, participation level and financial viability of any other potentially responsible parties, the extent of the contamination and the nature of required remedial actions. The Company adjusts recorded liabilities as further information develops or circumstances change. The Company expects that it will pay the amounts recorded over the periods of remediation for the applicable sites, currently ranging up to 20 years.

As of June 30, 2015, the Company had recorded liabilities of $39 million for “other environmental liabilities” based upon an evaluation of currently available facts to implement the Settlement Agreement and Consent Order with the MPCA, the remedial action agreement with ADEM, and to address trace amounts of perfluorinated compounds in drinking water sources in the City of Oakdale, Minnesota, as well as presence in the soil and groundwater at the Company's manufacturing facilities in Decatur, Alabama, and Cottage Grove, Minnesota, and at two former disposal sites in Washington County, Minnesota (Oakdale and Woodbury). The Company expects that most of the spending will occur over the next four years. As of June 30, 2015, the Company's receivable for insurance recoveries related to “other environmental liabilities” was $15 million.

It is difficult to estimate the cost of environmental compliance and remediation given the uncertainties regarding the interpretation and enforcement of applicable environmental laws and regulations, the extent of environmental contamination and the existence of alternative cleanup methods. Developments may occur that could affect the Company's current assessment, including, but not limited to: (i) changes in the information available regarding the environmental impact of the Company's operations and products; (ii) changes in environmental regulations, changes in permissible levels of specific compounds in drinking water sources, or changes in enforcement theories and policies, including efforts to recover natural resource damages; (iii) new and evolving analytical and remediation techniques; (iv) success in allocating liability to other potentially responsible parties; and (v) the financial viability of other potentially responsible parties and third-party indemnitors. For sites included in both “environmental remediation liabilities” and “other environmental liabilities,” at which remediation activity is largely complete and remaining activity relates primarily to operation and maintenance of the remedy, including required post-remediation monitoring, the Company believes the exposure to loss in excess of the amount accrued would not be material to the Company's consolidated results of operations or financial condition. However, for locations at which remediation activity is largely ongoing, the Company cannot estimate a possible loss or range of loss in excess of the associated established accruals for the reasons described above.

Other Matters

Commercial Litigation

3M sued TransWeb Corporation in Minnesota in 2010 for infringement of several 3M patents covering fluorination and hydrocharging of filter media used in 3M's respirators and furnace filters. TransWeb does not make finished goods, but sells filter media to competitors of 3M's respirator and furnace filter businesses. TransWeb filed a declaratory judgment action in and successfully moved the litigation to the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey, seeking a declaration of invalidity and non-infringement of 3M's patents, and further alleging that 3M waited too long to enforce its rights. TransWeb also alleged 3M obtained the patents through inequitable conduct and that 3M's attempt to enforce the patents constituted a violation of the antitrust laws. In November 2012, a jury returned a verdict in favor of TransWeb on all but one count, including findings that 3M's patents were invalid and not infringed, and that 3M had committed an antitrust violation by seeking to enforce a patent it had obtained fraudulently. The jury also recommended that the court find 3M had committed inequitable conduct in obtaining the patents, and that the patents were therefore unenforceable. Since the vast majority of TransWeb's claim for treble antitrust damages was in the form of its attorneys' fees and expenses in connection with the defense of the patent case, the parties agreed that the measure of damages would not go to the jury, but rather would be submitted to a special master after the trial. The special master's recommendations were forwarded to the court in September 2013. On April 21, 2014, the court issued an order denying 3M's motions to set aside the jury's verdict. In addition, the court found two 3M patents unenforceable due to inequitable conduct. The court accepted the Special Master's recommendation as to the amount of attorneys' fees to be awarded as damages, and entered judgment against 3M in the amount of approximately $26 million. In July 2014, 3M filed a notice of appeal of the judgment to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. Oral argument on the appeal occurred in July 2015, with a decision to follow thereafter.

No liability has been recorded in the TransWeb matter since the Company believes that such liability is not probable and estimable, but the range of potential exposure, if any, could be approximately $26 million.

Product Liability Litigation

Électricité de France (EDF) filed a lawsuit against 3M France in the French courts in 2006 claiming commercial loss and property damage after experiencing electrical network failures which EDF claims were caused by allegedly defective 3M transition splices. The French Court of Appeals at Versailles affirmed the commercial trial court's decision that the transition splices conformed to contract specifications and that EDF thoroughly analyzed and tested the splices before purchase and installation. The Court of Appeals, however, ordered a court-appointed expert to study the problem and issue a technical opinion on the cause of the network failures. The court-appointed expert submitted his report to the commercial court in May 2014. The expert found potential defects in 3M's product and found that EDF incurred damages in excess of 100 million Euros. The expert's opinion is not dispositive of liability or damages and is subject to numerous factual and legal challenges that will be raised with the court. The parties are briefing the court on their respective positions. Once the briefing is complete, the commercial court may take from six months to one year to render its decision.

One customer obtained an order in the French courts against 3M Purification SAS (a French subsidiary) in October 2011 appointing an expert to determine the amount of commercial loss and property damage allegedly caused by allegedly defective 3M filters used in the customer's manufacturing process. An Austrian subsidiary of this same customer also filed a claim against 3M Austria GmbH (an Austrian subsidiary) and 3M Purification SAS in the Austrian courts in September 2012 seeking damages for the same issue. Another customer filed a lawsuit against 3M Deutschland GmbH (a German subsidiary) in the German courts in March 2012 seeking commercial loss and property damage allegedly caused by the same 3M filters used in that customer's manufacturing process. The Company has resolved on an amicable basis claims of two other customers arising out of the same issue for an amount that is not material to the Company's consolidated results of operations or financial condition.

For product liability litigation matters described in this section for which a liability has been recorded, the Company believes the amount recorded is not material to the Company's consolidated results of operations or financial condition. In addition, the Company is not able to estimate a possible loss or range of loss in excess of the established accruals at this time.

Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-Based Compensation

NOTE 12. Stock-Based Compensation

 

The 3M 2008 Long-Term Incentive Plan, as discussed in 3M's 2014 Annual Report on Form 10-K, provides for the issuance or delivery of up to 100 million shares of 3M common stock pursuant to awards granted under the plan (including additional shareholder approvals subsequent to 2008). Awards under this plan may be issued in the form of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, progressive stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units, restricted stock, other stock awards, and performance units and performance shares. The remaining total shares available for grant under the 2008 Long Term Incentive Plan Program are 19,824,070 as of June 30, 2015.

 

The Company's annual stock option and restricted stock unit grant is made in February to provide a strong and immediate link between the performance of individuals during the preceding year and the size of their annual stock compensation grants. The grant to eligible employees uses the closing stock price on the grant date. Accounting rules require recognition of expense under a non-substantive vesting period approach, requiring compensation expense recognition when an employee is eligible to retire. Employees are considered eligible to retire at age 55 and after having completed five years of service. This retiree-eligible population represents 35 percent of the 2015 annual grant stock-based compensation award expense dollars; therefore, higher stock-based compensation expense is recognized in the first quarter.

 

In addition to the annual grants, the Company makes other minor grants of stock options, restricted stock units and other stock-based grants. The Company issues cash settled restricted stock units and stock appreciation rights in certain countries. These grants do not result in the issuance of common stock and are considered immaterial by the Company.

 

Amounts recognized in the financial statements with respect to stock-based compensation programs, which include stock options, restricted stock units, restricted stock, performance shares and the General Employees' Stock Purchase Plan (GESPP), are provided in the following table. Capitalized stock-based compensation amounts were not material for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense            
             
  Three months ended Six months ended
  June 30, June 30,
(Millions) 2015 2014 2015 2014
Cost of sales $ 8 $ 11 $ 31 $ 33
Selling, general and administrative expenses   35  35  123  112
Research, development and related expenses   6  6  33  29
         
Stock-based compensation expenses  $ 49 $ 52 $ 187 $ 174
         
Income tax benefits  $ (14) $ (13) $ (61) $ (53)
         
Stock-based compensation expenses, net of tax  $ 35 $ 39 $ 126 $ 121

The following table summarizes stock option activity during the six months ended June 30, 2015:
             
Stock Option Program          
  Number of Options Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (months) Aggregate Intrinsic Value (millions)
Under option —          
 January 1   39,235,557 $ 90.38     
 Granted:          
  Annual   5,529,544   165.91     
 Exercised   (4,515,976)   83.22     
 Canceled   (112,047)   117.81     
 June 30 40,137,078 $ 101.52 71 $ 2,182
Options exercisable           
 June 30 28,708,664 $ 85.94 57 $ 1,963

Stock options vest over a period from one year to three years with the expiration date at 10 years from date of grant. As of June 30, 2015, there was $104 million of compensation expense that has yet to be recognized related to non-vested stock option based awards. This expense is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted-average vesting period of 25 months. The total intrinsic values of stock options exercised were $366 million and $340 million during the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Cash received from options exercised was $376 million and $517 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The Company's actual tax benefits realized for the tax deductions related to the exercise of employee stock options were $136 million and $125 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

 

For the primary 2015 annual stock option grant, the weighted average fair value at the date of grant was calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and the assumptions that follow.

  Annual 
Stock Option Assumptions 2015 
Exercise price  $165.94 
Risk-free interest rate   1.5%
Dividend yield   2.5%
Expected volatility   20.1%
Expected life (months)   76 
Black-Scholes fair value  $23.98 

Expected volatility is a statistical measure of the amount by which a stock price is expected to fluctuate during a period. For the 2015 annual grant date, the Company estimated the expected volatility based upon the average of the most recent one year volatility, the median of the term of the expected life rolling volatility, the median of the most recent term of the expected life volatility of 3M stock, and the implied volatility on the grant date. The expected term assumption is based on the weighted average of historical grants.

 

The following table summarizes restricted stock and restricted stock unit activity during the six months ended June 30, 2015:

Restricted Stock Units and Restricted Stock     
       Weighted Average
Restricted Stock Units and Number of Grant Date
Restricted StockAwardsFair Value
Nonvested balance —     
 As of January 1   2,817,786 $ 104.41
  Granted:     
   Annual   671,204   165.86
   Other   18,375   160.63
  Vested   (960,704)   90.23
  Forfeited   (25,033)   111.55
 As of June 30  2,521,628 $ 126.50

As of June 30, 2015, there was $122 million of compensation expense that has yet to be recognized related to non-vested restricted stock units and restricted stock. This expense is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted-average vesting period of 27 months. The total fair value of restricted stock units and restricted stock that vested during the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 was $157 million and $140 million, respectively. The Company's actual tax benefits realized for the tax deductions related to the vesting of restricted stock units and restricted stock was $58 million and $53 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

 

Restricted stock units granted under the 3M 2008 Long-Term Incentive Plan generally vest three years following the grant date assuming continued employment. Dividend equivalents equal to the dividends payable on the same number of shares of 3M common stock accrue on these restricted stock units during the vesting period, although no dividend equivalents are paid on any of these restricted stock units that are forfeited prior to the vesting date. Dividends are paid out in cash at the vesting date on restricted stock units, except for performance shares which do not earn dividends. Since the rights to dividends are forfeitable, there is no impact on basic earnings per share calculations. Weighted average restricted stock unit shares outstanding are included in the computation of diluted earnings per share.

 

Performance Shares

 

Instead of restricted stock units, the Company makes annual grants of performance shares to members of its executive management. The 2015 performance criteria for these performance shares (organic sales volume growth, return on invested capital, free cash flow conversion, and EPS growth) were selected because the Company believes that they are important drivers of long-term stockholder value. The number of shares of 3M common stock that could actually be delivered at the end of the three-year performance period may be anywhere from 0% to 200% of each performance share granted, depending on the performance of the Company during such performance period. Non-substantive vesting requires that expense for the performance shares be recognized over one or three years depending on when each individual became a 3M executive. Performance shares do not accrue dividends during the performance period. Therefore, the grant date fair value is determined by reducing the closing stock price on the date of grant by the net present value of dividends during the performance period.

 

The following table summarizes performance share activity during the six months ended June 30, 2015:

       Weighted Average
     Number of Grant Date
Performance SharesAwardsFair Value
Undistributed balance —     
 As of January 1   1,099,752 $ 102.65
  Granted   225,466   159.16
  Distributed   (323,938)   83.08
  Performance change   (47,090)   119.37
  Forfeited   (14,579)   122.94
 As of June 30   939,611 $ 121.81

As of June 30, 2015, there was $37 million of compensation expense that has yet to be recognized related to performance shares. This expense is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted-average earnings period of 10 months. During the six months ended June 30, 2015 and June 30, 2014, the total fair value of performance shares that were distributed were $54 million and $35 million, respectively. The Company's actual tax benefits realized for the tax deductions related to the distribution of performance shares for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and June 30, 2014 were $15 million and $11 million, respectively.

Business Segments
Business Segments

NOTE 13. Business Segments

 

3M's businesses are organized, managed and internally grouped into segments based on differences in markets, products, technologies and services. 3M manages its operations in five operating business segments: Industrial; Safety and Graphics; Electronics and Energy; Health Care; and Consumer. 3M's five business segments bring together common or related 3M technologies, enhancing the development of innovative products and services and providing for efficient sharing of business resources. These segments have worldwide responsibility for virtually all 3M product lines. 3M is not dependent on any single product/service or market. Transactions among reportable segments are recorded at cost. 3M is an integrated enterprise characterized by substantial intersegment cooperation, cost allocations and inventory transfers. Therefore, management does not represent that these segments, if operated independently, would report the operating income information shown. The difference between operating income and pre-tax income relates to interest income and interest expense, which are not allocated to business segments.

Business Segment Information Three months ended Six months ended
  June 30, June 30,
(Millions) 2015 2014 2015 2014
         
Net Sales            
Industrial $ 2,634 $ 2,815 $ 5,292 $ 5,591
Safety and Graphics   1,432   1,494   2,804   2,917
Electronics and Energy   1,310   1,422   2,632   2,733
Health Care   1,364   1,416   2,693   2,790
Consumer   1,111   1,139   2,159   2,218
Corporate and Unallocated    (4)   (1)   (2)   2
Elimination of Dual Credit    (161)   (151)   (314)   (286)
Total Company  $ 7,686 $ 8,134 $ 15,264 $ 15,965
             
Operating Income            
Industrial $ 609 $ 617 $ 1,207 $ 1,235
Safety and Graphics   364   353   699   671
Electronics and Energy   277   293   560   520
Health Care   440   434   848   861
Consumer   259   241   499   469
Corporate and Unallocated    (74)   (49)   (174)   (121)
Elimination of Dual Credit    (35)   (33)   (69)   (63)
Total Company  $ 1,840 $ 1,856 $ 3,570 $ 3,572

Corporate and unallocated operating income includes a variety of miscellaneous items, such as corporate investment gains and losses, certain derivative gains and losses, certain insurance-related gains and losses, certain litigation and environmental expenses, corporate restructuring charges and certain under- or over-absorbed costs (e.g. pension, stock-based compensation) that the Company may choose not to allocate directly to its business segments. Because this category includes a variety of miscellaneous items, it is subject to fluctuation on a quarterly and annual basis.

 

3M business segment reporting measures include dual credit to business segments for certain U.S. sales and related operating income. Management evaluates each of its five operating business segments based on net sales and operating income performance, including dual credit U.S. reporting to further incentivize U.S. sales growth. As a result, 3M provides additional (“dual”) credit to those business segments selling products in the U.S. to an external customer when that segment is not the primary seller of the product. For example, certain respirators are primarily sold by the Personal Safety Division within the Safety and Graphics business segment; however, the Industrial business segment also sells this product to certain customers in its U.S. markets. In this example, the non-primary selling segment (Industrial) would also receive credit for the associated net sales it initiated and the related approximate operating income. The assigned operating income related to dual credit activity may differ from operating income that would result from actual costs associated with such sales. The offset to the dual credit business segment reporting is reflected as a reconciling item entitled “Elimination of Dual Credit,” such that sales and operating income for the U.S. in total are unchanged.

Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

Basis of Presentation

 

The interim consolidated financial statements are unaudited but, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. These adjustments consist of normal, recurring items. The results of operations for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year. The interim consolidated financial statements and notes are presented as permitted by the requirements for Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the Company's consolidated financial statements and notes included in its 2014 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Foreign Currency Translation

 

Local currencies generally are considered the functional currencies outside the United States. Assets and liabilities for operations in local-currency environments are translated at month-end exchange rates of the period reported. Income and expense items are translated at month-end exchange rates of each applicable month. Cumulative translation adjustments are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in shareholders' equity.

 

Although local currencies are typically considered as the functional currencies outside the United States, under Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 830, Foreign Currency Matters, the reporting currency of a foreign entity's parent is assumed to be that entity's functional currency when the economic environment of a foreign entity is highly inflationary—generally when its cumulative inflation is approximately 100 percent or more for the three years that precede the beginning of a reporting period. 3M has a subsidiary in Venezuela with operating income representing less than 1.0 percent of 3M's consolidated operating income for 2014. 3M has determined that the applicable cumulative inflation rate of Venezuela has exceeded, and continues to exceed, 100 percent since November 2009. Accordingly, since January 1, 2010, the financial statements of the Venezuelan subsidiary have been remeasured as if its functional currency were that of its parent.

 

The Venezuelan government sets official rates of exchange and conditions precedent to purchase foreign currency at these rates with local currency. Such rates and conditions are subject to change. In January 2014, the Venezuelan government announced that a new agency, the National Center for Foreign Commerce (CENCOEX), had assumed the role with respect to the continuation of the existing official exchange rate; significantly expanded the use of a second foreign exchange mechanism called the Complementary System for Foreign Currency Acquirement (or SICAD1); and issued exchange regulations indicating the SICAD1 rate of exchange would be used for payments related to international investments. The SICAD1 exchange mechanism, a complementary currency auction system, had previously been created for purchases of foreign currency by only certain eligible importers and tourists. In late March 2014, the Venezuelan government launched a third foreign exchange mechanism, SICAD2, which relied on U.S. dollar cash and U.S. dollar denominated bonds offered by the Venezuelan Central Bank, PDVSA (the Venezuelan national oil and gas company) and certain private companies. SICAD2 was announced as being available to all industry sectors and that its use would not be restricted as to purpose. In February 2015, the Venezuelan government introduced another foreign currency exchange platform called the Marginal System of Foreign Currency (SIMADI), resulting in the elimination and replacement of the SICAD2 rate. The SIMADI rate was described as being derived from daily private bidders and buyers exchanging offers through authorized agents and approved and published by the Venezuelan Central Bank.

 

Since January 1, 2010, as discussed above, the financial statements of 3M's Venezuelan subsidiary have been remeasured as if its functional currency were that of its parent. For the periods presented, this remeasurement utilized the official CENCOEX rate into March 2014, the SICAD1 rate beginning in late March 2014, the SICAD2 rate beginning in June 2014, and the SIMADI rate beginning in February 2015. 3M's uses of these applicable exchange rates were based upon evaluation of a number of factors including, but not limited to, the exchange rate the Company's Venezuelan subsidiary may legally use to convert currency, settle transactions or pay dividends; the probability of accessing and obtaining currency by use of a particular rate or mechanism; and the Company's intent and ability to use a particular exchange mechanism. Other factors notwithstanding, the remeasurement impacts as a result of the changes in use of these exchange rates did not have material impacts on 3M's consolidated results of operations or financial condition.

 

The Company continues to monitor circumstances relative to its Venezuelan subsidiary. Changes in applicable exchange rates or exchange mechanisms may continue in the future. These changes could impact the rate of exchange applicable to remeasure the Company's net monetary assets (liabilities) denominated in Venezuelan Bolivars (VEF). As of June 30, 2015, the Company had a balance of net monetary assets denominated in VEF of less than 100 million VEF and the CENCOEX, SICAD (formerly SICAD1), and SIMADI exchange rates were approximately 6 VEF, 13 VEF, and 200 VEF per U.S. dollar, respectively.

 

A need to deconsolidate the Company's Venezuelan subsidiary's operations may result from a lack of exchangeability of VEF-denominated cash coupled with an acute degradation in the ability to make key operational decisions due to government regulations in Venezuela. 3M monitors factors such as its ability to access various exchange mechanisms; the impact of government regulations on the Company's ability to manage its Venezuelan subsidiary's capital structure, purchasing, product pricing, and labor relations; and the current political and economic situation within Venezuela. Based upon such factors as of June 30, 2015, the Company continues to consolidate its Venezuelan subsidiary. As of June 30, 2015, the balance of intercompany receivables due from this subsidiary is less than $20 million and its equity balance is not significant.

Earnings Per Share

 

The difference in the weighted average 3M shares outstanding for calculating basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to 3M common shareholders is a result of the dilution associated with the Company's stock-based compensation plans. Certain options outstanding under these stock-based compensation plans were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share attributable to 3M common shareholders because they would not have had a dilutive effect (5.5 million average options for the three months ended June 30, 2015; 4.5 million average options for the six months ended June 30, 2015; 3.1 million average options for the three months ended June 30, 2014; and 2.7 million average options for the six months ended June 30, 2014). The computations for basic and diluted earnings per share follow:

Earnings Per Share Computations            
               
    Three months ended Six months ended
    June 30, June 30,
(Amounts in millions, except per share amounts) 2015 2014 2015 2014
Numerator:        
 Net income attributable to 3M  $ 1,300 $ 1,267 $ 2,499 $ 2,474
               
Denominator:            
 Denominator for weighted average 3M common shares             
  outstanding – basic    631.3   652.0   633.8   656.7
               
 Dilution associated with the Company’s stock-based             
  compensation plans    11.7   12.6   12.3   12.9
               
 Denominator for weighted average 3M common shares            
  outstanding – diluted    643.0   664.6   646.1   669.6
               
Earnings per share attributable to 3M common            
 shareholders – basic  $ 2.06 $ 1.94 $ 3.94 $ 3.77
Earnings per share attributable to 3M common            
 shareholders – diluted  $ 2.02 $ 1.91 $ 3.87 $ 3.70
Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)
Earnings per share
Earnings Per Share Computations            
               
    Three months ended Six months ended
    June 30, June 30,
(Amounts in millions, except per share amounts) 2015 2014 2015 2014
Numerator:        
 Net income attributable to 3M  $ 1,300 $ 1,267 $ 2,499 $ 2,474
               
Denominator:            
 Denominator for weighted average 3M common shares             
  outstanding – basic    631.3   652.0   633.8   656.7
               
 Dilution associated with the Company’s stock-based             
  compensation plans    11.7   12.6   12.3   12.9
               
 Denominator for weighted average 3M common shares            
  outstanding – diluted    643.0   664.6   646.1   669.6
               
Earnings per share attributable to 3M common            
 shareholders – basic  $ 2.06 $ 1.94 $ 3.94 $ 3.77
Earnings per share attributable to 3M common            
 shareholders – diluted  $ 2.02 $ 1.91 $ 3.87 $ 3.70
Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables)
  December 31, 2014 Acquisition Translation June 30, 2015
(Millions)Balanceactivityand otherBalance
Industrial $ 2,037 $ 1 $ (59) $ 1,979
Safety and Graphics   1,650     (24)   1,626
Electronics and Energy   1,559     (28)   1,531
Health Care   1,589   94   (42)   1,641
Consumer   215     (7)   208
Total Company  $ 7,050 $ 95 $ (160) $ 6,985
   June 30, December 31,
(Millions)20152014
Customer related intangible assets $ 1,352 $ 1,348
Patents    563   581
Other technology-based intangible assets   402   407
Definite-lived tradenames   398   401
Other amortizable intangible assets   222   221
Total gross carrying amount  $ 2,937 $ 2,958
        
Accumulated amortization — customer related   (630)   (597)
Accumulated amortization — patents    (468)   (472)
Accumulated amortization — other technology-based   (228)   (215)
Accumulated amortization — definite-lived tradenames   (204)   (195)
Accumulated amortization — other    (168)   (167)
Total accumulated amortization  $ (1,698) $ (1,646)
        
 Total finite-lived intangible assets — net  $ 1,239 $ 1,312
        
Non-amortizable intangible assets (primarily tradenames)   116   123
 Total intangible assets — net $ 1,355 $ 1,435
Amortization expense for acquired intangible assets for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 follows:
             
  Three months ended Six months ended
  June 30, June 30,
(Millions) 2015 2014 2015 2014
Amortization expense  $ 50 $ 57 $ 103 $ 114
The table below shows expected amortization expense for acquired amortizable intangible assets recorded as of June 30, 2015:
(Millions) Remainder                 
of            After
2015201620172018201920202020
Amortization expense $ 96 $ 178 $ 156 $ 141 $ 128 $ 119 $ 421
Supplemental Equity and Comprehensive Income Information (Tables)
Three months ended June 30, 2015   3M Company Shareholders  
(Millions) Total Common Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings Treasury Stock Accumulated Other Comprehen-sive Income (Loss) Non-controlling Interest
Balance at March 31, 2015 $ 13,952 $ 4,616 $ 35,080 $ (19,458) $ (6,321) $ 35
                    
Net income    1,303      1,300         3
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:                  
Cumulative translation adjustment   23            24   (1)
Defined benefit pension and post-retirement                  
 plans adjustment   96            96  
Debt and equity securities - unrealized gain (loss)                
Cash flow hedging instruments - unrealized                  
 gain (loss)    (32)            (32)  
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net                  
 of tax    87               
Dividends declared   (646)      (646)         
Stock-based compensation, net of tax impacts    78   78            
Reacquired stock    (1,787)         (1,787)      
Issuances pursuant to stock option and                  
 benefit plans    143      (119)   262      
Balance at June 30, 2015 $ 13,130 $ 4,694 $ 35,615 $ (20,983) $ (6,233) $ 37
                    
Six months ended June 30, 2015    3M Company Shareholders  
(Millions) Total Common Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings Treasury Stock Accumulated Other Comprehen-sive Income (Loss) Non-controlling Interest
Balance at December 31, 2014 $ 13,142 $ 4,388 $ 34,317 $ (19,307) $ (6,289) $ 33
                    
Net income    2,504      2,499         5
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:                  
Cumulative translation adjustment   (170)            (169)   (1)
Defined benefit pension and post-retirement                  
 plans adjustment   187            187  
Debt and equity securities - unrealized gain (loss)                
Cash flow hedging instruments - unrealized                  
 gain (loss)    38            38  
Total other comprehensive income (loss),                  
 net of tax    55               
Dividends declared   (649)      (649)         
Stock-based compensation, net of tax impacts    306   306            
Reacquired stock    (2,683)         (2,683)      
Issuances pursuant to stock option and                  
 benefit plans    455      (552)   1,007      
Balance at June 30, 2015 $ 13,130 $ 4,694 $ 35,615 $ (20,983) $ (6,233) $ 37

Three months ended June 30, 2014   3M Company Shareholders  
(Millions) Total Common Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings Treasury Stock Accumulated Other Comprehen-sive Income (Loss) Non-controlling Interest
Balance at March 31, 2014 $ 17,924 $ 4,554 $ 33,312 $ (16,577) $ (3,841) $ 476
                    
Net income    1,283      1,267         16
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:                  
Cumulative translation adjustment   127            123   4
Defined benefit pension and post-retirement                  
 plans adjustment   60            60  
Debt and equity securities - unrealized gain (loss)    1            1  
Cash flow hedging instruments - unrealized                  
 gain (loss)    (9)            (9)  
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net                  
 of tax    179               
Dividends declared   (556)      (556)         
Purchase of subsidiary shares   (5)   (1)            (4)
Stock-based compensation, net of tax impacts    97   97            
Reacquired stock    (1,382)         (1,382)      
Issuances pursuant to stock option and                  
 benefit plans    306      (187)   493      
Balance at June 30, 2014 $ 17,846 $ 4,650 $ 33,836 $ (17,466) $ (3,666) $ 492
                    
Six months ended June 30, 2014   3M Company Shareholders  
(Millions) Total Common Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings Treasury Stock Accumulated Other Comprehen-sive Income (Loss) Non-controlling Interest
Balance at December 31, 2013 $ 17,948 $ 4,384 $ 32,416 $ (15,385) $ (3,913) $ 446
                    
Net income    2,508      2,474         34
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:                  
Cumulative translation adjustment   147            131   16
Defined benefit pension and post-retirement                  
 plans adjustment   121            121  
Debt and equity securities - unrealized gain (loss)    2            2  
Cash flow hedging instruments - unrealized                  
 gain (loss)    (7)            (7)  
Total other comprehensive income (loss),                  
 net of tax    263               
Dividends declared   (555)      (555)         
Purchase of subsidiary shares   (5)   (1)            (4)
Stock-based compensation, net of tax impacts    267   267            
Reacquired stock    (3,155)         (3,155)      
Issuances pursuant to stock option and                  
 benefit plans    575      (499)   1,074      
Balance at June 30, 2014 $ 17,846 $ 4,650 $ 33,836 $ (17,466) $ (3,666) $ 492
Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to 3M by Component   
                   
Three months ended June 30, 2015               
(Millions) Cumulative Translation Adjustment Defined Benefit Pension and Postretirement Plans Adjustment Debt and Equity Securities, Unrealized Gain (Loss) Cash Flow Hedging Instruments, Unrealized Gain (Loss) Total Accumulated Other Comprehen-sive Income (Loss)
Balance at March 31, 2015, net of tax $ (1,288) $ (5,202) $ $ 169 $ (6,321)
Other comprehensive income (loss),                
 before tax:               
 Amounts before reclassifications   (12)       (16)   (28)
 Amounts reclassified out     141     (34)   107
Total other comprehensive income (loss),                
 before tax   (12)   141     (50)   79
Tax effect   36   (45)     18   9
Total other comprehensive income (loss),                
 net of tax   24   96     (32)   88
Balance at June 30, 2015, net of tax $ (1,264) $ (5,106) $ $ 137 $ (6,233)
                 
Six months ended June 30, 2015               
(Millions) Cumulative Translation Adjustment Defined Benefit Pension and Postretirement Plans Adjustment Debt and Equity Securities, Unrealized Gain (Loss) Cash Flow Hedging Instruments, Unrealized Gain (Loss) Total Accumulated Other Comprehen-sive Income (Loss)
Balance at December 31, 2014, net of tax $ (1,095) $ (5,293) $ $ 99 $ (6,289)
Other comprehensive income (loss),                
 before tax:               
 Amounts before reclassifications   (56)   24     120   88
 Amounts reclassified out     265     (61)   204
Total other comprehensive income (loss),                
 before tax   (56)   289     59   292
Tax effect   (113)   (102)     (21)   (236)
Total other comprehensive income (loss),                
 net of tax   (169)   187     38   56
Balance at June 30, 2015, net of tax $ (1,264) $ (5,106) $ $ 137 $ (6,233)

Three months ended June 30, 2014               
(Millions) Cumulative Translation Adjustment Defined Benefit Pension and Postretirement Plans Adjustment Debt and Equity Securities, Unrealized Gain (Loss) Cash Flow Hedging Instruments, Unrealized Gain (Loss) Total Accumulated Other Comprehen-sive Income (Loss)
Balance at March 31, 2014, net of tax $ (180) $ (3,654) $ (1) $ (6) $ (3,841)
Other comprehensive income (loss),                
 before tax:               
 Amounts before reclassifications   128     1   (21)   108
 Amounts reclassified out     92     5   97
Total other comprehensive income (loss),                
 before tax   128   92   1   (16)   205
Tax effect   (5)   (32)     7   (30)
Total other comprehensive income (loss),                
 net of tax   123   60   1   (9)   175
Balance at June 30, 2014, net of tax $ (57) $ (3,594) $ $ (15) $ (3,666)
                   
Six months ended June 30, 2014               
(Millions) Cumulative Translation Adjustment Defined Benefit Pension and Postretirement Plans Adjustment Debt and Equity Securities, Unrealized Gain (Loss) Cash Flow Hedging Instruments, Unrealized Gain (Loss) Total Accumulated Other Comprehen-sive Income (Loss)
Balance at December 31, 2013, net of tax $ (188) $ (3,715) $ (2) $ (8) $ (3,913)
Other comprehensive income (loss),                
 before tax:               
 Amounts before reclassifications   134     3   (12)   125
 Amounts reclassified out     183     (1)   182
Total other comprehensive income (loss),                
 before tax   134   183   3   (13)   307
Tax effect   (3)   (62)   (1)   6   (60)
Total other comprehensive income (loss),                
 net of tax   131   121   2   (7)   247
Balance at June 30, 2014, net of tax $ (57) $ (3,594) $ $ (15) $ (3,666)
Reclassifications out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Attributable to 3M
                
    Amount Reclassified from  
   Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income  
(Millions) Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30, Location on Income Statement
Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Components 2015 2014 2015 2014 
Gains (losses) associated with defined benefit pension and postretirement plans amortization              
 Transition asset $ 1 $ $ 1 $ See Note 8
 Prior service benefit   17   15   35   30 See Note 8
 Net actuarial loss   (159)   (107)   (318)   (213) See Note 8
 Curtailments/Settlements       17   See Note 8
Total before tax   (141)   (92)   (265)   (183)  
Tax effect   45   32   91   62 Provision for income taxes
Net of tax $ (96) $ (60) $ (174) $ (121)  
                
Debt and equity security gains (losses)              
 Sales or impairments of securities $ $ $ $ Selling, general and administrative expenses
Total before tax          
Tax effect         Provision for income taxes
Net of tax $ $ $ $  
                
Cash flow hedging instruments gains (losses)              
 Foreign currency forward/option contracts $ 35 $ (6) $ 65 $ (2) Cost of sales
 Commodity price swap contracts     1   (2)   3 Cost of sales
 Interest rate swap contracts   (1)     (2)   Interest expense
Total before tax   34   (5)   61   1  
Tax effect   (12)   2   (22)   Provision for income taxes
Net of tax $ 22 $ (3) $ 39 $ 1  
Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax $ (74) $ (63) $ (135) $ (120)  
Marketable Securities (Tables)
   June 30, December 31,
(Millions) 2015 2014
      
U.S. government agency securities  $ 49 $ 67
Foreign government agency securities    50   75
Corporate debt securities    230   241
Commercial paper    36  
Certificates of deposit/time deposits    27   41
U.S. municipal securities   3  
Asset-backed securities:      
 Automobile loan related    66   122
 Credit card related    13   59
 Equipment lease related    8   21
 Other    20  
Asset-backed securities total    107   202
        
Current marketable securities  $ 502 $ 626
        
U.S. government agency securities  $ 1 $ 41
Foreign government agency securities      20
Corporate debt securities      378
U.S. treasury securities      38
U.S. municipal securities    12   15
Asset-backed securities:      
 Automobile loan related      160
 Credit card related      103
 Equipment lease related      27
 Other      46
Asset-backed securities total      336
        
Non-current marketable securities  $ 13 $ 828
        
Total marketable securities  $ 515 $ 1,454
(Millions) June 30, 2015
   
Due in one year or less  $ 199
Due after one year through five years    299
Due after five years through ten years    2
Due after ten years    15
    
Total marketable securities  $ 515
Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans (Tables)
Components of net periodic benefit cost (benefit)
   Three months ended June 30,
   Qualified and Non-qualified  
 Pension BenefitsPostretirement
   United States International Benefits
(Millions) 2015 2014 2015 2014 2015 2014
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit)            
 Service cost  $ 73 $ 60 $ 40 $ 35 $ 22 $ 17
 Interest cost    164   169   55   65   25   24
 Expected return on plan assets    (267)   (261)   (81)   (80)   (23)   (23)
 Amortization of transition (asset) obligation        (1)      
 Amortization of prior service cost (benefit)    (6)   1   (3)   (4)   (8)   (12)
 Amortization of net actuarial (gain) loss    102   61   38   31   19   15
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit)  $ 66 $ 30 $ 48 $ 47 $ 35 $ 21
Settlements, curtailments, special termination benefits and other             
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit) after settlements, curtailments,                   
 special termination benefits and other  $ 66 $ 30 $ 48 $ 47 $ 35 $ 21
                    
                    
  Six months ended June 30,
   Qualified and Non-qualified  
  Pension BenefitsPostretirement
   United States International Benefits
(Millions) 2015 2014 2015 2014 2015 2014
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit)            
 Service cost  $ 146 $ 120 $ 82 $ 71 $ 43 $ 33
 Interest cost    328   338   110   129   50   48
 Expected return on plan assets    (534)   (522)   (162)   (159)   (45)   (45)
 Amortization of transition (asset) obligation        (1)      
 Amortization of prior service cost (benefit)    (12)   2   (7)   (8)   (16)   (24)
 Amortization of net actuarial (gain) loss    204   122   76   62   38   29
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit)  $ 132 $ 60 $ 98 $ 95 $ 70 $ 41
Settlements, curtailments, special termination benefits and other        (17)      
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit) after settlements, curtailments,                   
 special termination benefits and other  $ 132 $ 60 $ 81 $ 95 $ 70 $ 41
Derivatives (Tables)
Three months ended June 30, 2015      
(Millions) Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income on Effective Portion of Derivative Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Effective Portion of Derivative as a Result of Reclassification from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Ineffective Portion of Gain (Loss) on Derivative and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing Recognized in Income
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships Amount Location Amount Location Amount
Foreign currency forward/option contracts  $ (16) Cost of sales $ 35 Cost of sales $
Interest rate swap contracts    Interest expense   (1) Interest expense  
Total  $ (16)   $ 34   $
              
Six months ended June 30, 2015      
(Millions) Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income on Effective Portion of Derivative Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Effective Portion of Derivative as a Result of Reclassification from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Ineffective Portion of Gain (Loss) on Derivative and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing Recognized in Income
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships Amount Location Amount Location Amount
Foreign currency forward/option contracts  $ 120 Cost of sales $ 65 Cost of sales $
Commodity price swap contracts    Cost of sales   (2) Cost of sales  
Interest rate swap contracts    Interest expense   (2) Interest expense  
Total  $ 120   $ 61   $
              
Three months ended June 30, 2014      
(Millions) Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income on Effective Portion of Derivative Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Effective Portion of Derivative as a Result of Reclassification from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Ineffective Portion of Gain (Loss) on Derivative and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing Recognized in Income
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships Amount Location Amount Location Amount
Foreign currency forward/option contracts  $ (20) Cost of sales $ (6) Cost of sales $
Commodity price swap contracts    (1) Cost of sales   1 Cost of sales  
Total  $ (21)   $ (5)   $
              
Six months ended June 30, 2014      
(Millions) Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income on Effective Portion of Derivative Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Effective Portion of Derivative as a Result of Reclassification from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Ineffective Portion of Gain (Loss) on Derivative and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing Recognized in Income
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships Amount Location Amount Location Amount
Foreign currency forward/option contracts  $ (13) Cost of sales $ (2) Cost of sales $
Commodity price swap contracts    1 Cost of sales   3 Cost of sales  
Total  $ (12)   $ 1   $
Three months ended June 30, 2015 Gain (Loss) on Derivative Gain (Loss) on Hedged Item
(Millions)Recognized in IncomeRecognized in Income
Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships Location Amount Location Amount
Interest rate swap contracts  Interest expense $ (11) Interest expense $ 11
Total    $ (11)   $ 11
           
Six months ended June 30, 2015 Gain (Loss) on Derivative Gain (Loss) on Hedged Item
(Millions)Recognized in IncomeRecognized in Income
Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships Location Amount Location Amount
Interest rate swap contracts  Interest expense $ (5) Interest expense $ 5
Total    $ (5)   $ 5
           
Three months ended June 30, 2014 Gain (Loss) on Derivative Gain (Loss) on Hedged Item
(Millions)Recognized in IncomeRecognized in Income
Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships Location Amount Location Amount
Interest rate swap contracts  Interest expense $ 6 Interest expense $ (6)
Total    $ 6   $ (6)
           
Six months ended June 30, 2014 Gain (Loss) on Derivative Gain (Loss) on Hedged Item
(Millions)Recognized in IncomeRecognized in Income
Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships Location Amount Location Amount
Interest rate swap contracts  Interest expense $ 13 Interest expense $ (13)
Total    $ 13   $ (13)
Three months ended June 30, 2015        
Derivative and Nonderivative Instruments in Net Investment Hedging RelationshipsPretax Gain (Loss) Recognized as Cumulative Translation within Other Comprehensive Income on Effective Portion of InstrumentIneffective Portion of Gain (Loss) on Instrument and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing Recognized in Income
(Millions) Amount Location Amount
Foreign currency denominated debt  $ (55) N/A $
Foreign currency forward contracts   (55) Cost of Sales   4
Total  $ (110)   $ 4
         
Six months ended June 30, 2015    
Derivative and Nonderivative Instruments in Net Investment Hedging RelationshipsPretax Gain (Loss) Recognized as Cumulative Translation within Other Comprehensive Income on Effective Portion of InstrumentIneffective Portion of Gain (Loss) on Instrument and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing Recognized in Income
(Millions)AmountLocation Amount
Foreign currency denominated debt  $ 185 N/A $
Foreign currency forward contracts   102 Cost of Sales   4
Total  $ 287   $ 4
         
Three months ended June 30, 2014    
Derivative and Nonderivative Instruments in Net Investment Hedging RelationshipsPretax Gain (Loss) Recognized as Cumulative Translation within Other Comprehensive Income on Effective Portion of InstrumentIneffective Portion of Gain (Loss) on Instrument and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing Recognized in Income
(Millions) Amount Location Amount
Foreign currency denominated debt  $ 18 N/A $
Foreign currency forward contracts   1 Cost of Sales  
Total  $ 19   $
         
Six months ended June 30, 2014        
Derivative and Nonderivative Instruments in Net Investment Hedging Relationships Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized as Cumulative Translation within Other Comprehensive Income on Effective Portion of Instrument Ineffective Portion of Gain (Loss) on Instrument and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing Recognized in Income
(Millions) Amount Location Amount
Foreign currency denominated debt  $ 27 N/A $
Foreign currency forward contracts   1 Cost of Sales  
Total  $ 28   $
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments Three months ended June 30, 2015 Six months ended June 30, 2015
Gain (Loss) on Derivative Recognized in IncomeGain (Loss) on Derivative Recognized in Income
(Millions) Location Amount Location Amount
Foreign currency forward/option contracts  Cost of sales $ 1 Cost of sales $ 5
Foreign currency forward contracts  Interest expense   (61) Interest expense   28
Commodity price swap contracts Cost of sales   Cost of sales   (4)
Total   $ (60)   $ 29
           
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments Three months ended June 30, 2014 Six months ended June 30, 2014
Gain (Loss) on Derivative Recognized in IncomeGain (Loss) on Derivative Recognized in Income
(Millions) Location Amount Location Amount
Foreign currency forward/option contracts  Cost of sales $ (2) Cost of sales $ (3)
Foreign currency forward contracts  Interest expense   35 Interest expense   68
Total   $ 33   $ 65
June 30, 2015          
(Millions)Assets Liabilities
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments Location Amount Location Amount
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments      
Foreign currency forward/option contracts Other current assets $ 179 Other current liabilities $ 4
Foreign currency forward/option contracts Other assets   73 Other liabilities   3
Interest rate swap contracts  Other assets   20 Other liabilities  
Total derivatives designated as          
 hedging instruments    $ 272   $ 7
            
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments        
Foreign currency forward/option contracts  Other current assets $ 92 Other current liabilities $ 71
Foreign currency forward/option contracts Other assets   1 Other liabilities   1
Commodity price swap contracts  Other current assets   Other current liabilities   2
Total derivatives not designated as          
 hedging instruments    $ 93   $ 74
            
Total derivative instruments    $ 365   $ 81
            
December 31, 2014          
(Millions)Assets Liabilities
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments Location Amount Location Amount
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments      
Foreign currency forward/option contracts Other current assets $ 116 Other current liabilities $ 2
Foreign currency forward/option contracts Other assets   47 Other liabilities   1
Commodity price swap contracts  Other current assets   Other current liabilities   4
Interest rate swap contracts  Other assets   27 Other liabilities   3
Total derivatives designated as          
 hedging instruments    $ 190   $ 10
            
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments        
Foreign currency forward/option contracts  Other current assets $ 66 Other current liabilities $ 33
Total derivatives not designated as          
 hedging instruments    $ 66   $ 33
            
Total derivative instruments    $ 256   $ 43
Offsetting of Financial Assets/Liabilities under Master Netting Agreements with Derivative Counterparties
June 30, 2015            
       Gross Amounts not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet that are Subject to Master Netting Agreements   
(Millions)  Gross Amount of Derivative Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet  Gross Amount of Eligible Offsetting Recognized Derivative Liabilities  Cash Collateral Received  Net Amount of Derivative Assets
Derivatives subject to master            
 netting agreements $ 365 $ 57 $ $ 308
Derivatives not subject to master            
 netting agreements          
Total $ 365       $ 308

December 31, 2014            
       Gross Amounts not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet that are Subject to Master Netting Agreements   
(Millions)  Gross Amount of Derivative Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet  Gross Amount of Eligible Offsetting Recognized Derivative Liabilities  Cash Collateral Received  Net Amount of Derivative Assets
Derivatives subject to master            
 netting agreements $ 256 $ 20 $ $ 236
Derivatives not subject to master            
 netting agreements          
Total $ 256       $ 236
June 30, 2015            
       Gross Amounts not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet that are Subject to Master Netting Agreements   
(Millions)  Gross Amount of Derivative Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet  Gross Amount of Eligible Offsetting Recognized Derivative Assets  Cash Collateral Pledged  Net Amount of Derivative Liabilities
Derivatives subject to master            
 netting agreements $ 75 $ 57 $ $ 18
Derivatives not subject to master            
 netting agreements   6         6
Total $ 81       $ 24

December 31, 2014            
       Gross Amounts not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet that are Subject to Master Netting Agreements   
(Millions)  Gross Amount of Derivative Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet  Gross Amount of Eligible Offsetting Recognized Derivative Assets  Cash Collateral Pledged  Net Amount of Derivative Liabilities
Derivatives subject to master            
 netting agreements $ 36 $ 20 $ $ 16
Derivatives not subject to master            
 netting agreements   7         7
Total $ 43       $ 23
Fair Value Measurements (Tables)
       Fair Value Measurements
(Millions)Fair Value atUsing Inputs Considered as
Description June 30, 2015 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Assets:        
Available-for-sale:        
 Marketable securities:        
  U.S. government agency securities  $ 50 $ $ 50 $
  Foreign government agency securities    50     50  
  Corporate debt securities    230     230  
  Certificates of deposit/time deposits    27     27  
  Commercial paper    36     36  
  Asset-backed securities:            
   Automobile loan related    66     66  
   Credit card related    13     13  
   Equipment lease related    8     8  
   Other    20     20  
  U.S. municipal securities    15       15
 Investments    1   1    
Derivative instruments — assets:            
 Foreign currency forward/option contracts    345     345  
 Interest rate swap contracts    20     20  
                
Liabilities:            
Derivative instruments — liabilities:            
 Foreign currency forward/option contracts    79     79  
 Commodity price swap contracts    2     2  

     Fair Value at Fair Value Measurements
(Millions)December 31, 2014Using Inputs Considered as
Description   Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Assets:        
Available-for-sale:        
 Marketable securities:        
  U.S. government agency securities $ 108 $ $ 108 $
  Foreign government agency securities    95     95  
  Corporate debt securities    619     619  
  Certificates of deposit/time deposits    41     41  
  Asset-backed securities:            
   Automobile loan related    282     282  
   Credit card related    162     162  
   Equipment lease related    48     48  
   Other    46     46  
  U.S. treasury securities    38   38    
  U.S. municipal securities    15       15
 Investments    1   1    
Derivative instruments — assets:            
 Foreign currency forward/option contracts    229     229  
 Interest rate swap contracts    27     27  
                
Liabilities:            
Derivative instruments — liabilities:            
 Foreign currency forward/option contracts    36     36  
 Commodity price swap contracts    4     4  
 Interest rate swap contracts    3     3  
(Millions) Three months ended Six months ended
Marketable securities – auction rate securities andJune 30,June 30,
certain U.S. municipal securities only 2015 2014 2015 2014
Beginning balance  $ 15 $ 12 $ 15 $ 11
Total gains or losses:            
 Included in earnings         
 Included in other comprehensive income          1
Purchases and issuances        
Sales and settlements        
Transfers in and/or out of Level 3         
Ending balance   15   12   15   12
              
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in            
 earnings for securities held at the end of the reporting period        
   June 30, 2015  December 31, 2014
   Carrying Fair Carrying Fair
(Millions)ValueValueValue Value
Long-term debt, excluding current portion $ 8,431 $ 8,722 $ 6,731 $ 7,203
Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)
Stock-Based Compensation Expense            
             
  Three months ended Six months ended
  June 30, June 30,
(Millions) 2015 2014 2015 2014
Cost of sales $ 8 $ 11 $ 31 $ 33
Selling, general and administrative expenses   35  35  123  112
Research, development and related expenses   6  6  33  29
         
Stock-based compensation expenses  $ 49 $ 52 $ 187 $ 174
         
Income tax benefits  $ (14) $ (13) $ (61) $ (53)
         
Stock-based compensation expenses, net of tax  $ 35 $ 39 $ 126 $ 121
The following table summarizes stock option activity during the six months ended June 30, 2015:
             
Stock Option Program          
  Number of Options Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (months) Aggregate Intrinsic Value (millions)
Under option —          
 January 1   39,235,557 $ 90.38     
 Granted:          
  Annual   5,529,544   165.91     
 Exercised   (4,515,976)   83.22     
 Canceled   (112,047)   117.81     
 June 30 40,137,078 $ 101.52 71 $ 2,182
Options exercisable           
 June 30 28,708,664 $ 85.94 57 $ 1,963
  Annual 
Stock Option Assumptions 2015 
Exercise price  $165.94 
Risk-free interest rate   1.5%
Dividend yield   2.5%
Expected volatility   20.1%
Expected life (months)   76 
Black-Scholes fair value  $23.98 
Restricted Stock Units and Restricted Stock     
       Weighted Average
Restricted Stock Units and Number of Grant Date
Restricted StockAwardsFair Value
Nonvested balance —     
 As of January 1   2,817,786 $ 104.41
  Granted:     
   Annual   671,204   165.86
   Other   18,375   160.63
  Vested   (960,704)   90.23
  Forfeited   (25,033)   111.55
 As of June 30  2,521,628 $ 126.50
       Weighted Average
     Number of Grant Date
Performance SharesAwardsFair Value
Undistributed balance —     
 As of January 1   1,099,752 $ 102.65
  Granted   225,466   159.16
  Distributed   (323,938)   83.08
  Performance change   (47,090)   119.37
  Forfeited   (14,579)   122.94
 As of June 30   939,611 $ 121.81
Business Segments (Tables)
Business Segment Information
Business Segment Information Three months ended Six months ended
  June 30, June 30,
(Millions) 2015 2014 2015 2014
         
Net Sales            
Industrial $ 2,634 $ 2,815 $ 5,292 $ 5,591
Safety and Graphics   1,432   1,494   2,804   2,917
Electronics and Energy   1,310   1,422   2,632   2,733
Health Care   1,364   1,416   2,693   2,790
Consumer   1,111   1,139   2,159   2,218
Corporate and Unallocated    (4)   (1)   (2)   2
Elimination of Dual Credit    (161)   (151)   (314)   (286)
Total Company  $ 7,686 $ 8,134 $ 15,264 $ 15,965
             
Operating Income            
Industrial $ 609 $ 617 $ 1,207 $ 1,235
Safety and Graphics   364   353   699   671
Electronics and Energy   277   293   560   520
Health Care   440   434   848   861
Consumer   259   241   499   469
Corporate and Unallocated    (74)   (49)   (174)   (121)
Elimination of Dual Credit    (35)   (33)   (69)   (63)
Total Company  $ 1,840 $ 1,856 $ 3,570 $ 3,572
Significant Accounting Policies (Details)
In Millions, except Per Share data, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2015
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2014
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2015
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2014
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2014
Jun. 30, 2015
VEF
Foreign Currency Translation
 
 
 
 
 
 
Threshold percentage used to determine if economic environment is highly inflationary
 
 
100.00% 
 
 
 
Number of years used to determine if economic environment is highly inflationary
 
 
3 years 
 
 
 
Operating income of Venezuelan subsidiary as percent of consolidated amount high end of range
 
 
 
 
1.00% 
 
Cumulative inflation rate of Venezuela in November 2009 and since, low end of range
 
 
100.00% 
 
 
 
Maximum balance of company's net monetary assets in Venezuelan bolivars
 
 
 
 
 
 100 
Maximum balance of intercompany receivables due to 3M Company from its Venezuelan subsidiary
20 
 
20 
 
 
 
Exchange rate established by Venezuelan government from bolivars to dollars - CENCOEX
 
 
 
 
Exchange rate established by Venezuelan government from bolivars to dollars - SICAD
13 
 
13 
 
 
 
Exchange rate established by Venezuelan government from bolivars to dollars - SIMADI
200 
 
200 
 
 
 
Earnings per share
 
 
 
 
 
 
Options outstanding not included in computation of diluted earnings per share (in shares)
5.5 
3.1 
4.5 
2.7 
 
 
Numerator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to 3M
$ 1,300 
$ 1,267 
$ 2,499 
$ 2,474 
 
 
Denominator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Denominator for weighted average 3M common shares outstanding - basic (in shares)
631.3 
652.0 
633.8 
656.7 
 
 
Dilution associated with the Company's stock-based compensation plans (in shares)
11.7 
12.6 
12.3 
12.9 
 
 
Denominator for weighted average 3M common shares outstanding - diluted (in shares)
643.0 
664.6 
646.1 
669.6 
 
 
Earnings per share attributable to 3M common shareholders - basic (in dollars per share)
$ 2.06 
$ 1.94 
$ 3.94 
$ 3.77 
 
 
Earnings per share attributable to 3M common shareholders - diluted (in dollars per share)
$ 2.02 
$ 1.91 
$ 3.87 
$ 3.70 
 
 
Significant Accounting Policies (Details 2) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2014
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2014
Dec. 31, 2014
Significant Accounting Policies
 
 
 
 
 
Research, development and related expenses
$ 438 
$ 448 
$ 901 
$ 900 
 
Deferred tax assets valuation allowance
$ 22 
 
$ 22 
 
$ 22 
Acquisitions (Details) (USD $)
6 Months Ended 1 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2014
Jun. 30, 2015
Maximum [Member]
Jun. 30, 2015
Minimum [Member]
Jun. 30, 2015
Weighted Average [Member]
Jan. 31, 2015
Static control business
Mar. 31, 2015
Ivera Medical Corp
Feb. 28, 2015
Polypore International Inc
Jun. 30, 2015
Capital Safety
Business Acquisitions Information
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Purchased finite-lived intangible assets
$ 51,000,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest bearing debt
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(700,000,000)
Supplemental information:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash paid, net of cash acquired
153,000,000 
94,000,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Annual sales of static business prior to divestiture
 
 
 
 
 
46,000,000 
 
 
 
Annual sales prior to acquisition
 
 
 
 
 
 
30,000,000 
208,000,000 
430,000,000 
Estimated purchase price to acquire business
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ 1,000,000,000 
$ 2,500,000,000 
Finite Lived Intangible Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Intangible assets useful life
 
 
16 years 
2 years 
13 years 
 
 
 
 
Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Goodwill balance by business segment) (Details) (USD $)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2015
Goodwill Information
 
Goodwill acquired during the period which is deductible for tax purposes
$ 0 
Goodwill
 
Balance at the beginning of the period
7,050,000,000 
Acquisition activity
95,000,000 
Translation and other
(160,000,000)
Balance at the end of the period
6,985,000,000 
Industrial
 
Goodwill
 
Balance at the beginning of the period
2,037,000,000 
Acquisition activity
1,000,000 
Translation and other
(59,000,000)
Balance at the end of the period
1,979,000,000 
Safety and Graphics
 
Goodwill
 
Balance at the beginning of the period
1,650,000,000 
Acquisition activity
Translation and other
(24,000,000)
Balance at the end of the period
1,626,000,000 
Electronics and Energy
 
Goodwill
 
Balance at the beginning of the period
1,559,000,000 
Acquisition activity
Translation and other
(28,000,000)
Balance at the end of the period
1,531,000,000 
Health Care
 
Goodwill
 
Balance at the beginning of the period
1,589,000,000 
Acquisition activity
94,000,000 
Translation and other
(42,000,000)
Balance at the end of the period
1,641,000,000 
Consumer
 
Goodwill
 
Balance at the beginning of the period
215,000,000 
Acquisition activity
Translation and other
(7,000,000)
Balance at the end of the period
$ 208,000,000 
Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Acquired Intangible Assets) (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
Jun. 30, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Acquired intangible assets disclosures
 
 
Total gross carrying amount
$ 2,937 
$ 2,958 
Total accumulated amortization
(1,698)
(1,646)
Total finite-lived intangible assets - net
1,239 
1,312 
Non-amortizable intangible assets (primarily tradenames)
116 
123 
Total intangible assets - net
1,355 
1,435 
Purchased finite-lived intangible assets
51 
 
Customer related intangible assets
 
 
Acquired intangible assets disclosures
 
 
Total gross carrying amount
1,352 
1,348 
Total accumulated amortization
(630)
(597)
Patents
 
 
Acquired intangible assets disclosures
 
 
Total gross carrying amount
563 
581 
Total accumulated amortization
(468)
(472)
Other technology-based intangible assets
 
 
Acquired intangible assets disclosures
 
 
Total gross carrying amount
402 
407 
Total accumulated amortization
(228)
(215)
Definite-lived tradenames
 
 
Acquired intangible assets disclosures
 
 
Total gross carrying amount
398 
401 
Total accumulated amortization
(204)
(195)
Other amortizable intangible assets
 
 
Acquired intangible assets disclosures
 
 
Total gross carrying amount
222 
221 
Total accumulated amortization
$ (168)
$ (167)
Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Schedules for Amortization Expense) (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2014
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2014
Finite Lived Intangible Assets
 
 
 
 
Amortization expense for acquired intangible assets
$ 50 
$ 57 
$ 103 
$ 114 
Expected amortization expense for acquired intangible assets recorded as of balance sheet date
 
 
 
 
Remainder of 2015
96 
 
96 
 
2016
178 
 
178 
 
2017
156 
 
156 
 
2018
141 
 
141 
 
2019
128 
 
128 
 
2020
119 
 
119 
 
After 2020
$ 421 
 
$ 421 
 
Supplemental Balance Sheet Information (Details) (USD $)
Jun. 30, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2013
Other current assets
 
 
 
Total other current assets
$ 1,521,000,000 
$ 1,298,000,000 
 
Investments
 
 
 
Total investments
106,000,000 
102,000,000 
 
Other assets
 
 
 
Total other assets
1,055,000,000 
1,554,000,000 
 
Other current liabilities
 
 
 
Dividends payable
 
600,000,000 
600,000,000 
Total other current liabilities
2,386,000,000 
2,918,000,000 
 
Other liabilities
 
 
 
Total other liabilities
$ 1,049,000,000 
$ 1,555,000,000 
 
Supplemental Balance Sheet Information (Details 1) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
Jun. 30, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
 
 
Gross property, plant and equipment
$ 22,851 
$ 22,841 
Less: Accumulated depreciation
(14,462)
(14,352)
Property, Plant and Equipment - net
$ 8,389 
$ 8,489 
Supplemental Equity and Comprehensive Income Information (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2014
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2014
Increase (decrease) in equity
 
 
 
 
Balance at the beginning of the period
$ 13,952 
$ 17,924 
$ 13,142 
$ 17,948 
Net income
1,303 
1,283 
2,504 
2,508 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
 
 
 
 
Cumulative translation adjustment
23 
127 
(170)
147 
Defined benefit pension and postretirement plans adjustment
96 
60 
187 
121 
Debt and equity securities - unrealized gain (loss)
Cash flow hedging instruments - unrealized gain (loss)
(32)
(9)
38 
(7)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
87 
179 
55 
263 
Dividends declared
(646)
(556)
(649)
(555)
Purchase of subsidiary shares
 
(5)
 
(5)
Stock-based compensation, net of tax impacts
78 
97 
306 
267 
Reacquired stock
(1,787)
(1,382)
(2,683)
(3,155)
Issuances pursuant to stock option and benefit plans
143 
306 
455 
575 
Balance at the end of the period
13,130 
17,846 
13,130 
17,846 
Common Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital
 
 
 
 
Increase (decrease) in equity
 
 
 
 
Balance at the beginning of the period
4,616 
4,554 
4,388 
4,384 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
 
 
 
 
Purchase of subsidiary shares
 
(1)
 
(1)
Stock-based compensation, net of tax impacts
78 
97 
306 
267 
Balance at the end of the period
4,694 
4,650 
4,694 
4,650 
Retained Earnings
 
 
 
 
Increase (decrease) in equity
 
 
 
 
Balance at the beginning of the period
35,080 
33,312 
34,317 
32,416 
Net income
1,300 
1,267 
2,499 
2,474 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
 
 
 
 
Dividends declared
(646)
(556)
(649)
(555)
Issuances pursuant to stock option and benefit plans
(119)
(187)
(552)
(499)
Balance at the end of the period
35,615 
33,836 
35,615 
33,836 
Treasury Stock
 
 
 
 
Increase (decrease) in equity
 
 
 
 
Balance at the beginning of the period
(19,458)
(16,577)
(19,307)
(15,385)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
 
 
 
 
Reacquired stock
(1,787)
(1,382)
(2,683)
(3,155)
Issuances pursuant to stock option and benefit plans
262 
493 
1,007 
1,074 
Balance at the end of the period
(20,983)
(17,466)
(20,983)
(17,466)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
 
 
 
Increase (decrease) in equity
 
 
 
 
Balance at the beginning of the period
(6,321)
(3,841)
(6,289)
(3,913)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
 
 
 
 
Cumulative translation adjustment
24 
123 
(169)
131 
Defined benefit pension and postretirement plans adjustment
96 
60 
187 
121 
Debt and equity securities - unrealized gain (loss)
Cash flow hedging instruments - unrealized gain (loss)
(32)
(9)
38 
(7)
Balance at the end of the period
(6,233)
(3,666)
(6,233)
(3,666)
Noncontrolling Interest
 
 
 
 
Increase (decrease) in equity
 
 
 
 
Balance at the beginning of the period
35 
476 
33 
446 
Net income
16 
34 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
 
 
 
 
Cumulative translation adjustment
(1)
(1)
16 
Defined benefit pension and postretirement plans adjustment
Debt and equity securities - unrealized gain (loss)
Cash flow hedging instruments - unrealized gain (loss)
Purchase of subsidiary shares
 
(4)
 
(4)
Balance at the end of the period
$ 37 
$ 492 
$ 37 
$ 492 
Supplemental Equity and Comprehensive Income Information (Details 1) (USD $)
Jun. 30, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Supplemental Equity and Comprehensive Income Information
 
 
Common stock, par value per share (in dollars per share)
$ 0.01 
$ 0.01 
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)
944,033,056 
944,033,056 
Treasury stock (in shares)
319,287,647 
308,898,462 
Supplemental Equity and Comprehensive Income Information (Details 2) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2014
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2014
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
 
 
 
Balance at Beginning of Period
$ (6,321)
$ (3,841)
$ (6,289)
$ (3,913)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
 
 
 
 
Amounts before reclassification
(28)
108 
88 
125 
Amounts reclassified out
107 
97 
204 
182 
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax
79 
205 
292 
307 
Tax effect
(30)
(236)
(60)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
88 
175 
56 
247 
Balance at End of Period
(6,233)
(3,666)
(6,233)
(3,666)
Cumulative Translation Adjustment
 
 
 
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
 
 
 
Balance at Beginning of Period
(1,288)
(180)
(1,095)
(188)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
 
 
 
 
Amounts before reclassification
(12)
128 
(56)
134 
Amounts reclassified out
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax
(12)
128 
(56)
134 
Tax effect
36 
(5)
(113)
(3)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
24 
123 
(169)
131 
Balance at End of Period
(1,264)
(57)
(1,264)
(57)
Gains (losses) associated with defined benefit pension and postretirement plans amortization
 
 
 
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
 
 
 
Balance at Beginning of Period
(5,202)
(3,654)
(5,293)
(3,715)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
 
 
 
 
Amounts before reclassification
24 
Amounts reclassified out
141 
92 
265 
183 
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax
141 
92 
289 
183 
Tax effect
(45)
(32)
(102)
(62)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
96 
60 
187 
121 
Balance at End of Period
(5,106)
(3,594)
(5,106)
(3,594)
Debt and equity security gains (losses)
 
 
 
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
 
 
 
Balance at Beginning of Period
(1)
(2)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
 
 
 
 
Amounts before reclassification
Amounts reclassified out
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax
Tax effect
(1)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Balance at End of Period
Cash flow hedging instruments gains (losses)
 
 
 
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
 
 
 
Balance at Beginning of Period
169 
(6)
99 
(8)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
 
 
 
 
Amounts before reclassification
(16)
(21)
120 
(12)
Amounts reclassified out
(34)
(61)
(1)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax
(50)
(16)
59 
(13)
Tax effect
18 
(21)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
(32)
(9)
38 
(7)
Balance at End of Period
$ 137 
$ (15)
$ 137 
$ (15)
Supplemental Equity and Comprehensive Income Information (Details 3) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2014
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2014
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
 
 
 
 
Selling, general and administrative expenses
$ (1,550)
$ (1,646)
$ (3,114)
$ (3,278)
Total before tax
79 
205 
292 
307 
Tax effect
(509)
(537)
(1,011)
(1,000)
Net of tax
1,388 
1,442 
2,555 
2,721 
Reclassifications out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Attributable to 3M
 
 
 
 
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
 
 
 
 
Net of tax
(74)
(63)
(135)
(120)
Gains (losses) associated with defined benefit pension and postretirement plans amortization
 
 
 
 
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
 
 
 
 
Total before tax
141 
92 
289 
183 
Gains (losses) associated with defined benefit pension and postretirement plans amortization |
Reclassifications out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Attributable to 3M
 
 
 
 
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
 
 
 
 
Transition asset
Prior service benefit
17 
15 
35 
30 
Net actuarial loss
(159)
(107)
(318)
(213)
Curtailments/Settlements
17 
Total before tax
(141)
(92)
(265)
(183)
Tax effect
45 
32 
91 
62 
Net of tax
(96)
(60)
(174)
(121)
Debt and equity security gains (losses)
 
 
 
 
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
 
 
 
 
Total before tax
Debt and equity security gains (losses) |
Reclassifications out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Attributable to 3M
 
 
 
 
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
 
 
 
 
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Total before tax
Tax effect
Net of tax
Cash flow hedging instruments gains (losses)
 
 
 
 
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
 
 
 
 
Total before tax
(50)
(16)
59 
(13)
Cash flow hedging instruments gains (losses) |
Reclassifications out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Attributable to 3M
 
 
 
 
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
 
 
 
 
Total before tax
34 
(5)
61 
Tax effect
(12)
(22)
Net of tax
22 
(3)
39 
Cash flow hedging instruments gains (losses) |
Foreign currency forward/option contracts |
Reclassifications out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Attributable to 3M
 
 
 
 
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
 
 
 
 
Cost of sales
35 
(6)
65 
(2)
Cash flow hedging instruments gains (losses) |
Commodity price swap contracts |
Reclassifications out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Attributable to 3M
 
 
 
 
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
 
 
 
 
Cost of sales
(2)
Cash flow hedging instruments gains (losses) |
Interest rate swap contracts |
Reclassifications out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Attributable to 3M
 
 
 
 
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
 
 
 
 
Interest expense
$ (1)
$ 0 
$ (2)
$ 0 
Supplemental Equity and Comprehensive Income Information (Details 5) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2014
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2014
Supplemental Equity and Comprehensive Income Information
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to 3M
$ 1,300 
$ 1,267 
$ 2,499 
$ 2,474 
Supplemental Equity and Comprehensive Income Information (Details 7) (USD $)
In Billions, except Per Share data, unless otherwise specified
1 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2013
Jun. 30, 2015
Mar. 31, 2015
Jun. 30, 2014
Mar. 31, 2014
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2014
Supplemental Equity and Comprehensive Income Information
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dividends that have been declared but not yet paid (in dollars per share)
$ 1.025 
$ 0.855 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dividends paid in current period (in dollars per share)
 
 
$ 1.025 
$ 1.025 
$ 0.855 
$ 0.855 
$ 2.05 
$ 1.71 
Increase of Current Liabilities due to dividend declared but not paid
$ 0.6 
$ 0.6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Details 1) (USD $)
In Billions, except Per Share data, unless otherwise specified
1 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2013
Other investing activities with significant non-cash components
 
 
Dividends that have been declared but not yet paid (in dollars per share)
$ 1.025 
$ 0.855 
Increase of Current Liabilities due to dividend declared but not paid
$ 0.6 
$ 0.6 
Income Taxes (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2014
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2014
Income Before Income Taxes
 
 
 
 
Income before income taxes
$ 1,812 
$ 1,820 
$ 3,515 
$ 3,508 
Income Taxes (Details 1) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2014
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2014
Provision for Income Taxes
 
 
 
 
Total provision for income taxes
$ 509 
$ 537 
$ 1,011 
$ 1,000 
Income Taxes (Details 2) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
Jun. 30, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Deferred tax assets:
 
 
Deferred tax assets valuation allowance
$ 22 
$ 22 
Income Taxes (Details 3) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2014
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2014
Dec. 31, 2014
Reconciliation of Effective Income Tax Rate
 
 
 
 
 
Effective tax rate (as a percent)
28.10% 
29.50% 
28.80% 
28.50% 
 
Income tax
 
 
 
 
 
Net UTB impacting the effective tax rate
$ 232 
 
$ 232 
 
$ 265 
Period discussed over which the Company is not able to reasonably estimate the amount by which the liability for unrecognized tax benefits could change as a result of ongoing income tax authority examinations
12 months 
 
 
 
 
Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits, expense (benefit) recognized on a gross basis
(4)
(2)
(13)
 
Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits, accrued on a gross basis
41 
 
41 
 
44 
Change in effective income tax rate from prior reporting period to current reporting period (as a percent)
(1.40%)
 
0.30% 
 
 
Impact of factors that decreased the effective tax rate from prior reporting period to current reporting period (as a percent)
(3.70%)
 
(2.20%)
 
 
Impact of factors that increased the effective tax rate from prior reporting period to current reporting period (as a percent)
2.30% 
 
2.50% 
 
 
Deferred tax assets valuation allowance
$ 22 
 
$ 22 
 
$ 22 
Marketable Securities (Narratives) (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2015
CreditRatingAgency
Dec. 31, 2014
Marketable Securities
 
 
Gross unrealized losses (pre-tax) on marketable securities
$ 0 
$ 1 
Gross unrealized gains (pre-tax) on marketable securities
Percentage of asset-backed securities rated AAA/A-1+, Aaa/P-1, or AAA/F1+
83.20% 
 
Estimated fair value of current plus long term asset backed securities
$ 107 
 
Number of rating agencies for which asset backed securities must be rated
 
Number of rating agencies for asset backed securities that must be either Moody's or Standard and Poor's
 
Marketable Securities (current and non-current) (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
Jun. 30, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Marketable securities classification
 
 
Current marketable securities
$ 502 
$ 626 
Non-current marketable securities
13 
828 
Total marketable securities
515 
1,454 
U.S. government agency securities
 
 
Marketable securities classification
 
 
Current marketable securities
49 
67 
Non-current marketable securities
41 
Foreign government agency securities
 
 
Marketable securities classification
 
 
Current marketable securities
50 
75 
Non-current marketable securities
20 
Corporate debt securities
 
 
Marketable securities classification
 
 
Current marketable securities
230 
241 
Non-current marketable securities
378 
Commercial paper
 
 
Marketable securities classification
 
 
Current marketable securities
36 
Certificates of deposit/time deposits
 
 
Marketable securities classification
 
 
Current marketable securities
27 
41 
U.S. treasury securities
 
 
Marketable securities classification
 
 
Non-current marketable securities
38 
U.S. municipal securities
 
 
Marketable securities classification
 
 
Current marketable securities
Non-current marketable securities
12 
15 
Asset-backed securities
 
 
Marketable securities classification
 
 
Current marketable securities
107 
202 
Non-current marketable securities
336 
Asset-backed securities Automobile loan related
 
 
Marketable securities classification
 
 
Current marketable securities
66 
122 
Non-current marketable securities
160 
Asset-backed securities Credit card related
 
 
Marketable securities classification
 
 
Current marketable securities
13 
59 
Non-current marketable securities
103 
Asset-backed securities Equipment lease related
 
 
Marketable securities classification
 
 
Current marketable securities
21 
Non-current marketable securities
27 
Asset-backed securities Other asset-backed securities
 
 
Marketable securities classification
 
 
Current marketable securities
20 
Non-current marketable securities
$ 0 
$ 46 
Marketable Securities (Contractual maturity) (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
Jun. 30, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Marketable securities by contractual maturity
 
 
Due in one year or less
$ 199 
 
Due after one year through five years
299 
 
Due after five years through ten years
 
Due after ten years
15 
 
Total marketable securities
$ 515 
$ 1,454 
Long-Term Debt and Short-Term Borrowings (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
Jun. 30, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Long-Term Debt
 
 
Long-term debt - excluding current portion - carrying value
$ 8,431 
$ 6,731 
Short-Term Borrowings and Current Portion of Long-Term Debt
 
 
Total short-term borrowings and current portion of long-term debt
$ 86 
$ 106 
Long-Term Debt and Short-Term Borrowings (Details 1)
1 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2015
Medium-term notes program
USD ($)
May 31, 2015
Floating rate Euro medium term note due 2020
EUR (€)
May 31, 2015
Fixed rate Euro medium term note due 2023
EUR (€)
May 31, 2015
Fixed rate Euro medium term note due 2030
EUR (€)
Long-Term Debt
 
 
 
 
Term of debt instrument
 
5 years 
8 years 
15 years 
Medium-term notes program established in connection with a "well-known seasoned issuer" shelf registration
$ 9,000,000,000 
 
 
 
Principal amount
 
650,000,000 
600,000,000 
500,000,000 
Amount issued as part of the medium-term note program (Series F)
$ 6,670,000,000 
 
 
 
Interest rate, stated percentage (as a percent)
 
 
0.95% 
1.75% 
Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans (Narratives) (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
1 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2015
Jun. 30, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Mar. 31, 2014
Insurer
Mar. 31, 2011
LimitedPartner
Jun. 30, 2015
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits
Jun. 30, 2015
Postretirement Benefits
Benefit Plan Information
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Company contributions year to date
 
 
 
 
 
$ 183 
$ 2 
Estimated pension and postretirement employer contributions in current fiscal year
 
200 
 
 
 
 
 
Curtailment/Settlement gain
$ 17 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3M Japan company provided contribution match to their defined contribution plan
6.12% 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Number of additional limited partners of WG Trading Company, in addition to 3M, who objected and appealed the court's order to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
 
 
 
 
 
 
Number of insurers 3M and certain benefit plans filed lawsuits on seeking insurance coverage for the WG Trading Company claim
 
 
 
 
 
 
Percentage of WG Trading Company holdings in relation to total fair value of the company's total plan assets, high end of range (as a percent)
 
 
0.50% 
 
 
 
 
Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans (Components of net periodic benefit cost and other information) (Details 1) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
6 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Jun. 30, 2015
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits
Jun. 30, 2015
United States Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits
Jun. 30, 2014
United States Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits
Jun. 30, 2015
United States Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits
Jun. 30, 2014
United States Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits
Jun. 30, 2015
International Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits
Jun. 30, 2014
International Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits
Jun. 30, 2015
International Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits
Jun. 30, 2014
International Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits
Jun. 30, 2015
Postretirement Benefits
Jun. 30, 2014
Postretirement Benefits
Jun. 30, 2015
Postretirement Benefits
Jun. 30, 2014
Postretirement Benefits
Change in benefit obligation
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Service cost
 
 
 
$ 73 
$ 60 
$ 146 
$ 120 
$ 40 
$ 35 
$ 82 
$ 71 
$ 22 
$ 17 
$ 43 
$ 33 
Interest cost
 
 
 
164 
169 
328 
338 
55 
65 
110 
129 
25 
24 
50 
48 
Change in plan assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Company contributions
 
 
183 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-current assets
54 
46 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accrued benefit cost
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-current liabilities
$ (3,683)
$ (3,843)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans (Components of net periodic benefit cost and other information) (Details 2) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2014
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2014
United States Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits
 
 
 
 
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit)
 
 
 
 
Service cost
$ 73 
$ 60 
$ 146 
$ 120 
Interest cost
164 
169 
328 
338 
Expected return on plan assets
(267)
(261)
(534)
(522)
Amortization of transition (asset) obligation
Amortization of prior service cost (benefit)
(6)
(12)
Amortization of net actuarial (gain) loss
102 
61 
204 
122 
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit)
66 
30 
132 
60 
Settlements, curtailments, special termination benefits and other
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit) after settlements, curtailments, special termination benefits and other
66 
30 
132 
60 
International Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits
 
 
 
 
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit)
 
 
 
 
Service cost
40 
35 
82 
71 
Interest cost
55 
65 
110 
129 
Expected return on plan assets
(81)
(80)
(162)
(159)
Amortization of transition (asset) obligation
(1)
(1)
Amortization of prior service cost (benefit)
(3)
(4)
(7)
(8)
Amortization of net actuarial (gain) loss
38 
31 
76 
62 
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit)
48 
47 
98 
95 
Settlements, curtailments, special termination benefits and other
(17)
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit) after settlements, curtailments, special termination benefits and other
48 
47 
81 
95 
Postretirement Benefits
 
 
 
 
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit)
 
 
 
 
Service cost
22 
17 
43 
33 
Interest cost
25 
24 
50 
48 
Expected return on plan assets
(23)
(23)
(45)
(45)
Amortization of transition (asset) obligation
Amortization of prior service cost (benefit)
(8)
(12)
(16)
(24)
Amortization of net actuarial (gain) loss
19 
15 
38 
29 
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit)
35 
21 
70 
41 
Settlements, curtailments, special termination benefits and other
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit) after settlements, curtailments, special termination benefits and other
$ 35 
$ 21 
$ 70 
$ 41 
Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans (Components of net periodic benefit cost and other information) (Details 3) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2015
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits
 
Benefit Plan Information
 
Company contributions
$ 183 
Postretirement Benefits
 
Benefit Plan Information
 
Company contributions
$ 2 
Derivatives (Details) (Cash flow hedge)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended 1 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended 1 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2015
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2014
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2015
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2014
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2015
Foreign currency forward/option contracts
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2014
Foreign currency forward/option contracts
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2015
Foreign currency forward/option contracts
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2014
Foreign currency forward/option contracts
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2015
Foreign currency forward/option contracts
Cost of Sales
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2014
Foreign currency forward/option contracts
Cost of Sales
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2015
Foreign currency forward/option contracts
Cost of Sales
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2014
Foreign currency forward/option contracts
Cost of Sales
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2014
Commodity price swap contracts
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2015
Commodity price swap contracts
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2014
Commodity price swap contracts
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2014
Commodity price swap contracts
Cost of Sales
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2015
Commodity price swap contracts
Cost of Sales
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2014
Commodity price swap contracts
Cost of Sales
USD ($)
Nov. 30, 2014
Interest rate swap contracts
USD ($)
Aug. 31, 2011
Interest rate swap contracts
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2015
Interest rate swap contracts
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2015
Interest rate swap contracts
USD ($)
Nov. 30, 2014
Interest rate swap contracts
EUR (€)
Aug. 31, 2011
Interest rate swap contracts
Fixed rate Medium term note due 2016
USD ($)
Nov. 30, 2014
Interest rate swap contracts
Fixed rate Euro Medium term note due 2026
EUR (€)
Jun. 30, 2015
Interest rate swap contracts
Interest expense
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2015
Interest rate swap contracts
Interest expense
USD ($)
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Maximum length of time hedged in cash flow hedge
 
 
36 months 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Maximum length of time hedged in cash flow hedge prior to current period
 
12 months 
24 months 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative notional amount
 
 
 
 
$ 2,900 
 
$ 2,900 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ 400 
 
 
€ 500 
 
 
 
 
Principal amount
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,000 
750 
 
 
Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income on Effective portion of Derivative
(16)
(21)
120 
(12)
(16)
(20)
120 
(13)
 
 
 
 
(1)
 
 
 
(8)
(7)
 
 
 
 
 
Gain (Loss) on Hedged Item Recognized in Income
34 
(5)
61 
 
 
 
 
35 
(6)
65 
(2)
 
 
 
(2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1)
(2)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges
137 
 
137 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(5)
(4)
(6)
(6)
 
 
 
 
 
Ineffective portion of gain (loss) on derivative and amount excluded from effectiveness testing recognized in income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Term of debt instrument
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5 years 
12 years 
 
 
Term of derivative contract
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
12 years 
5 years 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
After-tax net unrealized gain (loss) anticipated to be reclassifed from AOCI to the income statement within next twelve months
 
 
103 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
After-tax net unrealized gain (loss) anticipated to be reclassifed from AOCI to the Income Statement over remaining fiscal year
 
 
65 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
After-tax net unrealized gain (loss) anticipated to be reclassifed from AOCI to the Income Statement over next fiscal year
 
 
65 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
After-tax net unrealized gain (loss) anticipated to be reclassifed from AOCI to the Income Statement after next fiscal year
 
 
$ 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives (Details 1) (Fair value hedges)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
1 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jul. 31, 2007
Eurobond repaid July 2014
EUR (€)
Nov. 30, 2013
Eurobond Due 2021
EUR (€)
Jun. 30, 2014
Fixed rate medium term note due 2019
USD ($)
Jul. 31, 2014
Interest rate swap contracts
Eurobond repaid July 2014
EUR (€)
Aug. 31, 2010
Interest rate swap contracts
Eurobond repaid July 2014
EUR (€)
Jul. 31, 2007
Interest rate swap contracts
Eurobond repaid July 2014
EUR (€)
Nov. 30, 2013
Interest rate swap contracts
Eurobond Due 2021
EUR (€)
Jun. 30, 2014
Interest rate swap contracts
Fixed rate medium term note due 2019
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2015
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2014
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2015
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2014
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2015
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate swap contracts
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2015
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate swap contracts
Interest expense
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2014
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate swap contracts
Interest expense
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2015
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate swap contracts
Interest expense
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2014
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate swap contracts
Interest expense
USD ($)
Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative notional amount
 
 
 
 
 
€ 400 
€ 300 
$ 600 
 
 
 
 
$ 1,000 
 
 
 
 
Term of debt instrument
7 years 
8 years 
5 years 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Face amount
750 
600 
625 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Termination of notional amount of fixed-to-floating interest rate swap
 
 
 
 
150 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Remaining amount matured from Interest Rate Swap
 
 
 
250 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gain (loss) on termination of fixed-to-floating interest rate swap will be amortized over this debt's remaining life
 
 
 
 
18 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate, stated percentage (as a percent)
 
1.875% 
1.625% 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gain (Loss) on Derivative Recognized in income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(11)
(5)
13 
 
(11)
(5)
13 
Gain (Loss) on Hedged Item Recognized in Income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ 11 
$ (6)
$ 5 
$ (13)
 
$ 11 
$ (6)
$ 5 
$ (13)
Derivatives (Details 2) (Net Investment Hedges)
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2015
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2014
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2015
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2014
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2015
Foreign currency forward contracts
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2014
Foreign currency forward contracts
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2015
Foreign currency forward contracts
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2014
Foreign currency forward contracts
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2015
Foreign currency forward contracts
EUR (€)
Jun. 30, 2015
Foreign currency forward contracts
KRW (?)
Jun. 30, 2015
Foreign currency forward contracts
Cost of Sales
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2014
Foreign currency forward contracts
Cost of Sales
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2015
Foreign currency forward contracts
Cost of Sales
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2014
Foreign currency forward contracts
Cost of Sales
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2015
Foreign Currency Denominated Debt
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2014
Foreign Currency Denominated Debt
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2015
Foreign Currency Denominated Debt
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2014
Foreign Currency Denominated Debt
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2015
Foreign Currency Denominated Debt
EUR (€)
Net investment hedges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized as Cumulative Translation within Other Comprehensive Income on Effective Portion of Instrument
$ (110,000,000)
$ 19,000,000 
$ 287,000,000 
$ 28,000,000 
$ (55,000,000)
$ 1,000,000 
$ 102,000,000 
$ 1,000,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ (55,000,000)
$ 18,000,000 
$ 185,000,000 
$ 27,000,000 
 
Ineffective portion of gain (loss) on derivative and amount excluded from effectiveness testing recognized in income
4,000,000 
4,000,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4,000,000 
4,000,000 
 
Derivative notional amount
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
974,000,000 
440,000,000,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Face amount of debt designated as a net investment hedge
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3,600,000,000 
Effective portion of net investment hedge reclassified out of other comprehensive income into income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Change related to revision to gain recognized within currency translation adjustment due to immaterial correction in 2014 years presented
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ 36,000,000 
 
$ 54,000,000 
 
Derivatives (Details 3) (Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments, USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2014
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2014
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
 
 
 
 
Derivative notional amount
$ 8,700 
 
$ 8,700 
 
Gain (Loss) on Derivative Recognized in income
(60)
33 
29 
65 
Foreign currency forward/option contracts |
Cost of Sales
 
 
 
 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
 
 
 
 
Gain (Loss) on Derivative Recognized in income
(2)
(3)
Foreign currency forward contracts |
Interest expense
 
 
 
 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
 
 
 
 
Gain (Loss) on Derivative Recognized in income
(61)
35 
28 
68 
Commodity price swap contracts |
Cost of Sales
 
 
 
 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
 
 
 
 
Gain (Loss) on Derivative Recognized in income
$ 0 
 
$ (4)
 
Derivatives (Details 4) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2015
CounterParties
Dec. 31, 2014
Location and Fair Value Amount of Derivative Instruments
 
 
 
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments, Assets
$ 365 
$ 365 
$ 256 
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments, Liabilities
81 
81 
43 
Year-on-year currency effects impact on pre-tax net income, including hedging impact
(110)
(200)
 
Year-on-year derivative and other transaction gains and (losses) pre-tax impact
40 
80 
 
Number of primary derivative counterparties
 
 
Number of master netting agreements supported by primary counterparty's parent guarantee
 
16 
 
Number of credit support agreements by primary counterparty
 
15 
 
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
 
 
 
Location and Fair Value Amount of Derivative Instruments
 
 
 
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments, Assets
272 
272 
190 
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments, Liabilities
10 
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments |
Foreign currency forward/option contracts |
Other current assets
 
 
 
Location and Fair Value Amount of Derivative Instruments
 
 
 
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments, Assets
179 
179 
116 
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments |
Foreign currency forward/option contracts |
Other assets
 
 
 
Location and Fair Value Amount of Derivative Instruments
 
 
 
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments, Assets
73 
73 
47 
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments |
Foreign currency forward/option contracts |
Other current liabilities
 
 
 
Location and Fair Value Amount of Derivative Instruments
 
 
 
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments, Liabilities
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments |
Foreign currency forward/option contracts |
Other liabilities
 
 
 
Location and Fair Value Amount of Derivative Instruments
 
 
 
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments, Liabilities
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments |
Commodity price swap contracts |
Other current assets
 
 
 
Location and Fair Value Amount of Derivative Instruments
 
 
 
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments, Assets
 
 
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments |
Commodity price swap contracts |
Other current liabilities
 
 
 
Location and Fair Value Amount of Derivative Instruments
 
 
 
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments, Liabilities
 
 
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments |
Interest rate swap contracts |
Other assets
 
 
 
Location and Fair Value Amount of Derivative Instruments
 
 
 
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments, Assets
20 
20 
27 
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments |
Interest rate swap contracts |
Other liabilities
 
 
 
Location and Fair Value Amount of Derivative Instruments
 
 
 
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments, Liabilities
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
 
 
 
Location and Fair Value Amount of Derivative Instruments
 
 
 
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments, Assets
93 
93 
66 
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments, Liabilities
74 
74 
33 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments |
Foreign currency forward/option contracts |
Other current assets
 
 
 
Location and Fair Value Amount of Derivative Instruments
 
 
 
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments, Assets
92 
92 
66 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments |
Foreign currency forward/option contracts |
Other assets
 
 
 
Location and Fair Value Amount of Derivative Instruments
 
 
 
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments, Assets
 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments |
Foreign currency forward/option contracts |
Other current liabilities
 
 
 
Location and Fair Value Amount of Derivative Instruments
 
 
 
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments, Liabilities
71 
71 
33 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments |
Foreign currency forward/option contracts |
Other liabilities
 
 
 
Location and Fair Value Amount of Derivative Instruments
 
 
 
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments, Liabilities
 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments |
Commodity price swap contracts |
Other current assets
 
 
 
Location and Fair Value Amount of Derivative Instruments
 
 
 
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments, Assets
 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments |
Commodity price swap contracts |
Other current liabilities
 
 
 
Location and Fair Value Amount of Derivative Instruments
 
 
 
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments, Liabilities
$ 2 
$ 2 
 
Derivatives (Details 5) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
Jun. 30, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Offsetting of Financial Assets under Master Netting Agreements with Derivative Counterparties
 
 
Gross Amounts of Derivative Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
$ 365 
$ 256 
Net Amounts of Derivative Assets
308 
236 
Derivatives Subject to Master Netting Agreements
 
 
Offsetting of Financial Assets under Master Netting Agreements with Derivative Counterparties
 
 
Gross Amounts of Derivative Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
365 
256 
Gross Amount of Eligible Offsetting Recognized Derivative Liabilities
57 
20 
Cash Collateral Received
Net Amounts of Derivative Assets
308 
236 
Derivatives Not Subject to Master Netting Agreements
 
 
Offsetting of Financial Assets under Master Netting Agreements with Derivative Counterparties
 
 
Gross Amounts of Derivative Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
Net Amounts of Derivative Assets
$ 0 
$ 0 
Derivatives (Details 6) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
Jun. 30, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Offsetting of Financial Liabilities under Master Netting Agreements with Derivative Counterparties
 
 
Gross Amounts of Derivative Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
$ 81 
$ 43 
Net Amount of Derivative Liabilities
24 
23 
Derivatives Subject to Master Netting Agreements
 
 
Offsetting of Financial Liabilities under Master Netting Agreements with Derivative Counterparties
 
 
Gross Amounts of Derivative Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
75 
36 
Gross Amount of Eligible Offsetting Recognized Derivative Assets
57 
20 
Cash Collateral Pledged
Net Amount of Derivative Liabilities
18 
16 
Derivatives Not Subject to Master Netting Agreements
 
 
Offsetting of Financial Liabilities under Master Netting Agreements with Derivative Counterparties
 
 
Gross Amounts of Derivative Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
Net Amount of Derivative Liabilities
$ 6 
$ 7 
Fair Value Measurements (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
Jun. 30, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
$ 515 
$ 1,454 
Gross Amounts of Derivative Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
365 
256 
Gross Amounts of Derivative Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
81 
43 
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Fair Value |
Foreign currency forward/option contracts
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Gross Amounts of Derivative Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
345 
229 
Gross Amounts of Derivative Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
79 
36 
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Fair Value |
Commodity price swap contracts
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Gross Amounts of Derivative Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Fair Value |
Interest rate swap contracts
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Gross Amounts of Derivative Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
20 
27 
Gross Amounts of Derivative Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
 
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Fair Value |
U.S. government agency securities
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
50 
108 
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Fair Value |
Foreign government agency securities
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
50 
95 
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Fair Value |
Corporate debt securities
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
230 
619 
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Fair Value |
Certificates of deposit/time deposits
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
27 
41 
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Fair Value |
Commercial paper
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
36 
 
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Fair Value |
Asset-backed securities Automobile loan related
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
66 
282 
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Fair Value |
Asset-backed securities Credit card related
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
13 
162 
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Fair Value |
Asset-backed securities Equipment lease related
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
48 
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Fair Value |
Asset-backed securities Other asset-backed securities
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
20 
46 
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Fair Value |
U.S. treasury securities
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
 
38 
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Fair Value |
U.S. municipal securities
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
15 
15 
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Fair Value |
Investments
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 1 |
Foreign currency forward/option contracts
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Gross Amounts of Derivative Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
Gross Amounts of Derivative Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 1 |
Commodity price swap contracts
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Gross Amounts of Derivative Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 1 |
Interest rate swap contracts
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Gross Amounts of Derivative Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
Gross Amounts of Derivative Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
 
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 1 |
U.S. government agency securities
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 1 |
Foreign government agency securities
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 1 |
Corporate debt securities
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 1 |
Certificates of deposit/time deposits
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 1 |
Commercial paper
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
 
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 1 |
Asset-backed securities Automobile loan related
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 1 |
Asset-backed securities Credit card related
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 1 |
Asset-backed securities Equipment lease related
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 1 |
Asset-backed securities Other asset-backed securities
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 1 |
U.S. treasury securities
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
 
38 
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 1 |
U.S. municipal securities
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 1 |
Investments
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 2 |
Foreign currency forward/option contracts
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Gross Amounts of Derivative Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
345 
229 
Gross Amounts of Derivative Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
79 
36 
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 2 |
Commodity price swap contracts
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Gross Amounts of Derivative Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 2 |
Interest rate swap contracts
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Gross Amounts of Derivative Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
20 
27 
Gross Amounts of Derivative Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
 
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 2 |
U.S. government agency securities
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
50 
108 
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 2 |
Foreign government agency securities
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
50 
95 
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 2 |
Corporate debt securities
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
230 
619 
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 2 |
Certificates of deposit/time deposits
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
27 
41 
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 2 |
Commercial paper
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
36 
 
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 2 |
Asset-backed securities Automobile loan related
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
66 
282 
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 2 |
Asset-backed securities Credit card related
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
13 
162 
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 2 |
Asset-backed securities Equipment lease related
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
48 
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 2 |
Asset-backed securities Other asset-backed securities
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
20 
46 
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 2 |
U.S. treasury securities
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
 
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 2 |
U.S. municipal securities
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 2 |
Investments
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 3 |
Foreign currency forward/option contracts
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Gross Amounts of Derivative Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
Gross Amounts of Derivative Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 3 |
Commodity price swap contracts
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Gross Amounts of Derivative Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 3 |
Interest rate swap contracts
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Gross Amounts of Derivative Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
Gross Amounts of Derivative Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
 
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 3 |
U.S. government agency securities
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 3 |
Foreign government agency securities
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 3 |
Corporate debt securities
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 3 |
Certificates of deposit/time deposits
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 3 |
Commercial paper
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
 
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 3 |
Asset-backed securities Automobile loan related
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 3 |
Asset-backed securities Credit card related
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 3 |
Asset-backed securities Equipment lease related
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 3 |
Asset-backed securities Other asset-backed securities
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 3 |
U.S. treasury securities
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
 
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 3 |
U.S. municipal securities
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
15 
15 
Fair value on a recurring basis |
Level 3 |
Investments
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
 
 
Available-for-sale marketable securities
$ 0 
$ 0 
Fair Value Measurements (Details 1) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2014
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2014
Reconciliation of items measured at fair value on a recurring basis that used significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
 
 
 
 
Balance at the beginning of the period
$ 15 
$ 12 
$ 15 
$ 11 
Total gains or losses included in earnings
Total gains or losses included in other comprehensive income
(1)
Purchases and issuances
Sales and settlements
Transfers in and/or out of Level 3
Balance at the end of the period
15 
12 
15 
12 
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for securities held at the end of the reporting period
$ 0 
$ 0 
$ 0 
$ 0 
Fair Value Measurements (Details 2) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
Jun. 30, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Carrying Amount
 
 
Financial Instruments
 
 
Long-term debt, excluding current portion
$ 8,431 
$ 6,731 
Fair Value
 
 
Financial Instruments
 
 
Long-term debt, excluding current portion
$ 8,722 
$ 7,203 
Commitments and Contingencies (Details 1) (USD $)
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2015
Claim
Claimant
Dec. 31, 2014
Claimant
Respirator Mask/Asbestos Litigation
 
 
 
Loss contingencies
 
 
 
Insurance receivables
$ 41,000,000 
$ 41,000,000 
 
Total number of named claimants
 
2,150 
2,220 
Number of total claims settled and taken to trial
 
10 
 
Number of total claims tried to verdict
 
 
Number of total claims settled and tried to verdict
 
 
Number of total claims dismissed
 
 
Increase in insurance liabilities
9,000,000 
23,000,000 
 
Payments for fees and settlements related to litigation
14,000,000 
24,000,000 
 
Respirator Mask/Asbestos Litigation - State of West Virginia
 
 
 
Loss contingencies
 
 
 
Amount of liability recorded for unspecified worker's compensation and healthcare benefits
 
Number of additional defendants
 
 
Respirator Mask/Asbestos litigation - Excluding Aearo Technologies
 
 
 
Loss contingencies
 
 
 
Accrued loss contingency reserve
139,000,000 
139,000,000 
 
Respirator Mask/Asbestos Litigation - Aearo Technologies
 
 
 
Loss contingencies
 
 
 
Accrued loss contingency reserve
22,000,000 
22,000,000 
 
Quarterly fee paid to Cabot to retain responsibility and liability for products manufactured before July 11, 1995
 
100,000 
 
Number of underlying claims concerning whether they were Cabot's responsibility
 
258 
 
Outstanding issues remaining
 
 
Environmental Matters - Remediation
 
 
 
Loss contingencies
 
 
 
Accrued loss contingency reserve
26,000,000 
26,000,000 
 
Insurance receivables
11,000,000 
11,000,000 
 
Number of years remediation payments expected to be paid for applicable sites
 
20 years 
 
Environmental Matters - Regulatory Activities
 
 
 
Loss contingencies
 
 
 
Number of PFCs the EPA has required to have public water system suppliers monitor
 
 
Amount of PFOA in drinking water allowed per provisional health advisories in grams per liter
 
0.0000004 
 
Amount of PFOS in drinking water allowed per provisional health advisories in grams per liter
 
0.0000002 
 
Number of years after phase-out decision in May 2000 that the Company stopped manufacturing and using vast majority of perfluorooctanyl compounds
 
2 years 
 
Environmental Matters - Regulatory Activities |
Alabama
 
 
 
Loss contingencies
 
 
 
Wastewater treatment plant sludge containing PFCs surrounding Decatur facility pursuant to a permit
 
20 years 
 
Environmental Matters - Litigation |
Morgan County, Alabama
 
 
 
Loss contingencies
 
 
 
Total number of named claimants
 
 
Environmental Matters - Litigation |
Metropolitan Council, Minnesota
 
 
 
Loss contingencies
 
 
 
Number of wastewater treatment plants from which PFC-containing sludge and biosolids may allegedly be discharged by Metropolitan Council, low end of range
 
 
Environmental Matters - Other Environmental Litigation
 
 
 
Loss contingencies
 
 
 
Accrued loss contingency reserve
39,000,000 
39,000,000 
 
Insurance receivables
$ 15,000,000 
$ 15,000,000 
 
Number of former disposal sites with PFC present in soil and groundwater in Washington County, Minnesota
 
 
Environmental Matters - Other Environmental Litigation |
Maximum
 
 
 
Loss contingencies
 
 
 
Number of years remediation payments expected to be paid for applicable sites
 
4 years 
 
Commitments and Contingencies (Details 2) (Commercial Litigation - TransWeb Corporation, USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2015
Patent
Claim
Commercial Litigation - TransWeb Corporation
 
Loss contingencies
 
Number of counts jury did not rule in favor of Transweb
Number of 3M patents unenforceable due to inequitable conduct
Potential maximum loss exposure due to judgment against 3M
$ 26 
Accrued loss contingency reserve
$ 0 
Commitments and Contingencies (Details 3) (EUR €)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2015
Claimant
Claim
Product Liability - Filters
 
Product Liability Litigation
 
Number of customers who obtained an order in the French Courts against 3M Purification SAS
Number of customers who filed a lawsuit against 3M Deutshland GmbH
Number of other customers the Company has resolved claims with
Product Liability Litigation - EDF
 
Product Liability Litigation
 
Number of lawsuits filed
Amount of potential damages (minimum) EDF incurred as stated by court appointed expert witness
€ 100 
Product Liability Litigation - EDF |
Maximum
 
Product Liability Litigation
 
Estimated time commercial court may take to render decision
1 year 
Product Liability Litigation - EDF |
Minimum
 
Product Liability Litigation
 
Estimated time commercial court may take to render decision
6 months 
Stock-Based Compensation (Details)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2015
3M Long Term Incentive Plan
May 31, 2012
3M Long Term Incentive Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award Activity
 
 
 
Number of shares authorized
 
 
100,000,000 
Number of shares available for grant under the 2008 Long Term Incentive Plan Program (including additional subsequent shareholder approvals)
 
19,824,070 
 
Retirement age eligibility for employees
55 years 
 
 
Retirement eligibility for employees, minimum years of service required
5 years 
 
 
Percent of stock-based compensation related to retiree-eligible population (as a percent)
35.00% 
 
 
Stock-Based Compensation (Details 1) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2014
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2014
Amounts recognized in the financial statements
 
 
 
 
Stock-based compensation programs expense
$ 49 
$ 52 
$ 187 
$ 174 
Income tax benefits
(14)
(13)
(61)
(53)
Stock-based compensation expenses, net of tax
35 
39 
126 
121 
Cost of Sales
 
 
 
 
Amounts recognized in the financial statements
 
 
 
 
Stock-based compensation programs expense
11 
31 
33 
Selling, general and administrative expenses
 
 
 
 
Amounts recognized in the financial statements
 
 
 
 
Stock-based compensation programs expense
35 
35 
123 
112 
Research, development and related expenses
 
 
 
 
Amounts recognized in the financial statements
 
 
 
 
Stock-based compensation programs expense
$ 6 
$ 6 
$ 33 
$ 29 
Stock-Based Compensation (Details 2) (USD $)
In Millions, except Share data, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2014
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2014
Jun. 30, 2015
Stock Option Program
Jun. 30, 2014
Stock Option Program
Jun. 30, 2015
Stock Option Program
Maximum
Jun. 30, 2015
Stock Option Program
Minimum
Jun. 30, 2015
Stock Option Program
Annual Stock Option Program
Jun. 30, 2015
3M Long Term Incentive Plan
May 31, 2012
3M Long Term Incentive Plan
Stock Option Program
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at the beginning of the period
 
 
 
 
39,235,557 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Granted - Annual
 
 
 
 
5,529,544 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exercised
 
 
 
 
(4,515,976)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Canceled
 
 
 
 
(112,047)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at the end of the period
 
 
 
 
40,137,078 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average exercise price - Beginning balance
 
 
 
 
$ 90.38 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average exercise price - Granted - Annual
 
 
 
 
$ 165.91 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average exercise price - Exercised
 
 
 
 
$ 83.22 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average exercise price - Canceled
 
 
 
 
$ 117.81 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average exercise price - Ending balance
 
 
 
 
$ 101.52 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Vesting period
 
 
 
 
 
 
3 years 
1 year 
 
 
 
Expiration of annual grants
 
 
 
 
10 years 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Options exercisable
 
 
 
 
28,708,664 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Options exercisable, exercise price
 
 
 
 
$ 85.94 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average remaining contractual life for options outstanding
 
 
 
 
71 months 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Aggregate intrinsic value for options outstanding
 
 
 
 
$ 2,182 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average remaining contractual life for options exercisable
 
 
 
 
57 months 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Aggregate intrinsic value for options exercisable
 
 
 
 
1,963 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation expense yet to be recognized
 
 
 
 
104 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average life of remaining vesting period
 
 
 
 
25 months 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total intrinsic value of stock options exercised
 
 
 
 
366 
340 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash received from options exercised
 
 
 
 
376 
517 
 
 
 
 
 
Tax benefit realized from exercise of stock options
 
 
 
 
136 
125 
 
 
 
 
 
Share- based compensation assumptions
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average exercise price
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ 165.94 
 
 
Risk-free interest rate (as a percent)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1.50% 
 
 
Dividend yield (as a percent)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.50% 
 
 
Expected volatility (as a percent)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
20.10% 
 
 
Expected life
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
76 months 
 
 
Black-Scholes fair value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ 23.98 
 
 
Stock-based compensation programs expense
$ 49 
$ 52 
$ 187 
$ 174 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Number of shares authorized
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
100,000,000 
Number of shares available for grant under the 2008 Long Term Incentive Plan Program (including additional subsequent shareholder approvals)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
19,824,070 
 
Stock-Based Compensation (Details 3) (USD $)
In Millions, except Share data, unless otherwise specified
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2014
Restricted Stock Units and Restricted Stock
 
 
Unit and Shares Activity:
 
 
Number of Awards - Nonvested - Beginning balance
2,817,786 
 
Number of Awards - Granted - Annual
671,204 
 
Number of Awards - Granted - Other
18,375 
 
Number of Awards - Vested
(960,704)
 
Number of Awards - Forfeited
(25,033)
 
Number of Awards - Nonvested - Ending balance
2,521,628 
 
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Additional Disclosures
 
 
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value - Nonvested - Beginning balance
$ 104.41 
 
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value - Granted - Annual
$ 165.86 
 
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value - Granted - Other
$ 160.63 
 
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value - Vested
$ 90.23 
 
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value - Forfeited
$ 111.55 
 
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value - Nonvested - Ending balance
$ 126.50 
 
Vesting period
3 years 
 
Weighted average life of remaining vesting period
27 months 
 
Fair value that vested
$ 157 
$ 140 
Compensation expense yet to be recognized
122 
 
Tax benefit realized from vesting
58 
53 
Value of dividend equivalents for restricted stock units that are forfeited
 
Impact on basic earnings per share due to restricted stock units dividends
$ 0 
 
Performance Shares
 
 
Unit and Shares Activity:
 
 
Number of Awards - Nonvested - Beginning balance
1,099,752 
 
Number of Awards - Granted - Annual
225,466 
 
Number of Awards - Vested
(323,938)
 
Number of Awards - Performance Change
(47,090)
 
Number of Awards - Forfeited
(14,579)
 
Number of Awards - Nonvested - Ending balance
939,611 
 
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Additional Disclosures
 
 
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value - Nonvested - Beginning balance
$ 102.65 
 
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value - Granted - Annual
$ 159.16 
 
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value - Vested
$ 83.08 
 
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value - Performance Change
$ 119.37 
 
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value - Forfeited
$ 122.94 
 
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value - Nonvested - Ending balance
$ 121.81 
 
Weighted average life of remaining vesting period
10 months 
 
Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, award vesting or performance period
3 years 
 
Fair value that vested
54 
35 
Compensation expense yet to be recognized
37 
 
Tax benefit realized from vesting
$ 15 
$ 11 
Performance Shares |
Maximum
 
 
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Additional Disclosures
 
 
Number of shares to be delivered based on percent of each performance share granted upon satisfaction of performance conditions
200.00% 
 
Vesting period
3 years 
 
Performance Shares |
Minimum
 
 
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Additional Disclosures
 
 
Number of shares to be delivered based on percent of each performance share granted upon satisfaction of performance conditions
0.00% 
 
Vesting period
1 year 
 
Business Segments (Narratives) (Details)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2015
Segment
Business Segment Information
 
Number of operating business segments
Business Segments (Segment information) (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2014
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2014
Dec. 31, 2014
Business Segment Information
 
 
 
 
 
Net sales
$ 7,686 
$ 8,134 
$ 15,264 
$ 15,965 
 
Operating Income
1,840 
1,856 
3,570 
3,572 
 
Assets
31,388 
 
31,388 
 
31,269 
Depreciation and amortization
 
 
683 
708 
 
Business Segments |
Industrial
 
 
 
 
 
Business Segment Information
 
 
 
 
 
Net sales
2,634 
2,815 
5,292 
5,591 
 
Operating Income
609 
617 
1,207 
1,235 
 
Business Segments |
Safety and Graphics
 
 
 
 
 
Business Segment Information
 
 
 
 
 
Net sales
1,432 
1,494 
2,804 
2,917 
 
Operating Income
364 
353 
699 
671 
 
Business Segments |
Electronics and Energy
 
 
 
 
 
Business Segment Information
 
 
 
 
 
Net sales
1,310 
1,422 
2,632 
2,733 
 
Operating Income
277 
293 
560 
520 
 
Business Segments |
Health Care
 
 
 
 
 
Business Segment Information
 
 
 
 
 
Net sales
1,364 
1,416 
2,693 
2,790 
 
Operating Income
440 
434 
848 
861 
 
Business Segments |
Consumer
 
 
 
 
 
Business Segment Information
 
 
 
 
 
Net sales
1,111 
1,139 
2,159 
2,218 
 
Operating Income
259 
241 
499 
469 
 
Corporate and Unallocated
 
 
 
 
 
Business Segment Information
 
 
 
 
 
Net sales
(4)
(1)
(2)
 
Operating Income
(74)
(49)
(174)
(121)
 
Elimination of Dual Credit
 
 
 
 
 
Business Segment Information
 
 
 
 
 
Net sales
(161)
(151)
(314)
(286)
 
Operating Income
$ (35)
$ (33)
$ (69)
$ (63)
 
Geographic Areas (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2014
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2014
Dec. 31, 2014
Net Sales, Operating Income and Property, Plant and Equipment - Net
 
 
 
 
 
Net sales
$ 7,686 
$ 8,134 
$ 15,264 
$ 15,965 
 
Operating Income (Loss)
1,840 
1,856 
3,570 
3,572 
 
Property, Plant and Equipment - net
$ 8,389 
 
$ 8,389 
 
$ 8,489 
Quarterly Data (Unaudited) (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, except Per Share data, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2014
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2014
Quarterly Data (Unaudited)
 
 
 
 
Net sales
$ 7,686 
$ 8,134 
$ 15,264 
$ 15,965 
Cost of sales
3,858 
4,184 
7,679 
8,215 
Net income including noncontrolling interest
1,303 
1,283 
2,504 
2,508 
Net income attributable to 3M
$ 1,300 
$ 1,267 
$ 2,499 
$ 2,474 
Earnings per share attributable to 3M common shareholders - basic (in dollars per share)
$ 2.06 
$ 1.94 
$ 3.94 
$ 3.77 
Earnings per share attributable to 3M common shareholders - diluted (in dollars per share)
$ 2.02 
$ 1.91 
$ 3.87 
$ 3.70